251
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Markowitz JE, Gillis WF, Beron CC, Neufeld SQ, Robertson K, Bhagat ND, Peterson RE, Peterson E, Hyun M, Linderman SW, Sabatini BL, Datta SR. The Striatum Organizes 3D Behavior via Moment-to-Moment Action Selection. Cell 2018; 174:44-58.e17. [PMID: 29779950 PMCID: PMC6026065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Many naturalistic behaviors are built from modular components that are expressed sequentially. Although striatal circuits have been implicated in action selection and implementation, the neural mechanisms that compose behavior in unrestrained animals are not well understood. Here, we record bulk and cellular neural activity in the direct and indirect pathways of dorsolateral striatum (DLS) as mice spontaneously express action sequences. These experiments reveal that DLS neurons systematically encode information about the identity and ordering of sub-second 3D behavioral motifs; this encoding is facilitated by fast-timescale decorrelations between the direct and indirect pathways. Furthermore, lesioning the DLS prevents appropriate sequence assembly during exploratory or odor-evoked behaviors. By characterizing naturalistic behavior at neural timescales, these experiments identify a code for elemental 3D pose dynamics built from complementary pathway dynamics, support a role for DLS in constructing meaningful behavioral sequences, and suggest models for how actions are sculpted over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E Markowitz
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Celia C Beron
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shay Q Neufeld
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keiramarie Robertson
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neha D Bhagat
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralph E Peterson
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emalee Peterson
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Minsuk Hyun
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott W Linderman
- Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Departments of Statistics and Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bernardo L Sabatini
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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252
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Wang B, Zhang Y, Zhang L. Recent progress on micro- and nano-robots: towards in vivo tracking and localization. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2018; 8:461-479. [PMID: 30050781 PMCID: PMC6037952 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.06.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yabin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- T Stone Robotics Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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253
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Bhattacharjee S, Satwaha S, Thornton K, Scholz D. Label-Free Imaging and Optical Characterization of Tissues Based on Autofluorescence. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5926-5930. [PMID: 30023932 PMCID: PMC6044981 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Attaining capability of label-free optical characterization of tissues will offer methodological advancement and possibilities for early clinical detection, which is of paramount importance in treating patients under clinical setups, for example, cancer. Here, we demonstrate the potential of autofluorescence exhibited by tissues as an enabling microscopic strategy to achieve high-resolution imagery data offering a wealth of clinically relevant information including possibility of three-dimensional rendering. Furthermore, we elucidate the use of analytic tools to extract numerical read-outs from such data with further implications in histopathology, pharmaceutics, toxicology, and screening purposes. This study summarizes the results obtained through a systematic autofluorescence-based investigation on murine and porcine gut tissues with an example of applying the technique in nanotoxicology. The study provides with a methodological roadmap toward developing a fast, effective, and robust platform enabling in-depth optical characterization of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Conway Institute of Biomolecular
and Biomedical
Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Simran Satwaha
- School
of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, London, U.K.
| | - Kevin Thornton
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Conway Institute of Biomolecular
and Biomedical
Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dimitri Scholz
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Conway Institute of Biomolecular
and Biomedical
Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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254
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Wang T, Zhang KH, Hu PP, Huang ZY, Zhang P, Wan QS, Huang DQ, Lv NH. Simple and robust diagnosis of early, small and AFP-negative primary hepatic carcinomas: an integrative approach of serum fluorescence and conventional blood tests. Oncotarget 2018; 7:64053-64070. [PMID: 27590520 PMCID: PMC5325425 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of early, small and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-negative primary hepatic carcinomas (PHCs) remains a significant challenge. We developed a simple and robust approach to noninvasively detect these PHCs. A rapid, high-throughput and single-tube method was firstly developed to measure serum autofluorescence and cell-free DNA (cfDNA)-related fluorescence using a real-time PCR system, and both types of serum fluorescence were measured and routine laboratory data were collected in 1229 subjects, including 353 PHC patients, 331 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, 213 chronic hepatitis (CH) patients and 332 normal controls (NC). The results showed that fluorescence indicators of PHC differed from those of NC, CH and LC to various extents, and all of them were not associated with age, gender, or AFP level. The logistic regression models established with the fluorescence indicators alone and combined with AFP, hepatic function tests and blood cell analyses were valuable for distinguishing early, small, AFP-negative and all PHC from LC, CH, NC and all non-PHC, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves 0.857–0.993 and diagnostic accuracies 80.2–97.7%. Conclusively, serum autofluorescence and cfDNA-related fluorescence are able to be rapidly and simultaneously measured by our simple method and valuable for diagnosing early, small and AFP-negative PHCs, especially integrating with AFP and conventional blood tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Kun-He Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Piao-Ping Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zeng-Yong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qin-Si Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - De-Qiang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang 330006, China
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255
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Wizenty J, Ashraf MI, Rohwer N, Stockmann M, Weiss S, Biebl M, Pratschke J, Aigner F, Wuensch T. Autofluorescence: A potential pitfall in immunofluorescence-based inflammation grading. J Immunol Methods 2018; 456:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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256
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Nam HS, Kang WJ, Lee MW, Song JW, Kim JW, Oh WY, Yoo H. Multispectral analog-mean-delay fluorescence lifetime imaging combined with optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:1930-1947. [PMID: 29675330 PMCID: PMC5905935 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiological progression of chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis and cancer, is closely related to compositional changes in biological tissues containing endogenous fluorophores such as collagen, elastin, and NADH, which exhibit strong autofluorescence under ultraviolet excitation. Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) provides robust detection of the compositional changes by measuring fluorescence lifetime, which is an inherent property of a fluorophore. In this paper, we present a dual-modality system combining a multispectral analog-mean-delay (AMD) FLIm and a high-speed swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) to simultaneously visualize the cross-sectional morphology and biochemical compositional information of a biological tissue. Experiments using standard fluorescent solutions showed that the fluorescence lifetime could be measured with a precision of less than 40 psec using the multispectral AMD-FLIm without averaging. In addition, we performed ex vivo imaging on rabbit iliac normal-looking and atherosclerotic specimens to demonstrate the feasibility of the combined FLIm-OCT system for atherosclerosis imaging. We expect that the combined FLIm-OCT will be a promising next-generation imaging technique for diagnosing atherosclerosis and cancer due to the advantages of the proposed label-free high-precision multispectral lifetime measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Soo Nam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04673, South Korea
- Equally contributed to this study
| | - Woo Jae Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Gwahang-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Equally contributed to this study
| | - Min Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04673, South Korea
| | - Joon Woo Song
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, South Korea
| | - Wang-Yuhl Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Gwahang-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hongki Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04673, South Korea
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257
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Fabila-Bustos DA, Arroyo-Camarena ÚD, López-Vancell MD, Durán-Padilla MA, Azuceno-García I, Stolik-Isakina S, Valor-Reed A, Ibarra-Coronado E, Hernández-Quintanar LF, Escobedo G, de la Rosa-Vázquez JM. Fluorescence Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Assessment of Liver Samples with Several Stages of Fibrosis. Photomed Laser Surg 2018; 36:151-161. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2017.4301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Fabila-Bustos
- Laboratorio de Espectroscopía, UPIIH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad del Conocimiento y la Cultura, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo, México
- Laboratorio de Biofotónica, ESIME ZAC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Úrsula D. Arroyo-Camarena
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,” Ciudad de México, México
| | - María D. López-Vancell
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,” Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marco A. Durán-Padilla
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,” Ciudad de México, México
| | - Itzel Azuceno-García
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,” Ciudad de México, México
| | - Suren Stolik-Isakina
- Laboratorio de Biofotónica, ESIME ZAC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alma Valor-Reed
- Laboratorio de Biofotónica, ESIME ZAC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Elizabeth Ibarra-Coronado
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis F. Hernández-Quintanar
- Laboratorio de Biofotónica, ESIME ZAC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
- Universidad Tecnológica de México-UNITEC MEXICO—Campus Sur, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,” Ciudad de México, México
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258
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Raznitsyna I, Kulikova P, Rogatkin D, Kulikov D, Bychenkov O, Chursinova Y, Bobrov M, Glazkov A. Fluorescence of radiation-induced tissue damage. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:166-173. [PMID: 29297727 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1420925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was evaluating changes in the photosensitizer fluorescence in vivo in the radiation-induced damage area in comparison of intact areas with a simultaneous assessment of changes both in blood parameters and in histological data. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted in white outbred SHK mice (n = 21). Their right hindlimbs were irradiated with a dose of 25 Gy after the intraperitoneal injections of photosensitizer 'Photosens'. Fluorescence intensity was traced in vivo by a laser diagnostic system for seven weeks. Simultaneously, histological examination of the damaged areas and blood tests were performed. RESULTS An increased intensity of the laser-induced fluorescence of the photosensitizer 'Photosens' in the damaged areas, compared to the intact symmetrical ones was observed. Laboratory blood tests and histological examination showed changes that may indicate the occurrence of inflammation. CONCLUSION Enhanced intensity of the exogenous fluorescence of the photosensitizer in the radiation-induced inflammation of noncancerous tissues was observed. The obtained results may potentially affect an interpretation of the results of intraoperative tumors navigation that have been previously irradiated and can be used for selection of an individualized dose fractionation algorithm in radiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Raznitsyna
- a Laboratory of Medical and Physics Research , Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI) , Moscow , Russian Federation.,b Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine , National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Polina Kulikova
- a Laboratory of Medical and Physics Research , Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI) , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Rogatkin
- a Laboratory of Medical and Physics Research , Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI) , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Kulikov
- a Laboratory of Medical and Physics Research , Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI) , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Bychenkov
- c Department of Radiology , Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI) , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Yuliya Chursinova
- d Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Department Faculty of Doctors Improvement , Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI) , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Maksim Bobrov
- e Department of Pathology , Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI) , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Glazkov
- a Laboratory of Medical and Physics Research , Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI) , Moscow , Russian Federation
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259
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Maltas J, Palo D, Wong CK, Stefan S, O'Connor J, Al Aayedi N, Gaire M, Kinn D, Urayama P. A metabolic interpretation for the response of cellular autofluorescence to chemical perturbations assessed using spectral phasor analysis. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41526-41535. [PMID: 35559319 PMCID: PMC9092013 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07691j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Analytical approaches for sensing cellular NADH conformation from autofluorescence signals have significance because NADH is a metabolic indicator and endogenous biomarker. Recently, spectral detection of multiple cellular NADH forms during chemically-induced metabolic response was reported, however because NADH is solvatochromic and the spectral change is small, the possibility of a non-metabolic interpretation needs to be considered. Here we investigate the response of UV-excited autofluorescence to a range of well-known chemicals affecting fermentation, respiration, and oxidative-stress pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The two-component nature of the spectral response is assessed using phasor analysis. By considering a series of physically similar and dissimilar chemicals acting on multiple pathways, we show how the two-component nature of a spectral response is of metabolic origin, indicative of whether a single or several pathways have been affected. The two-component nature of the autofluorescence response is indicative of whether a single or several pathways are affected.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Maltas
- Department of Physics
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Dylan Palo
- Department of Physics
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Madhu Gaire
- Department of Physics
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Diana Kinn
- Department of Physics
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
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260
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Krafft C, von Eggeling F, Guntinas-Lichius O, Hartmann A, Waldner MJ, Neurath MF, Popp J. Perspectives, potentials and trends of ex vivo and in vivo optical molecular pathology. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700236. [PMID: 28971622 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is pivotal for medical applications, such as noninvasive histopathologic characterization of tissue, to realize label-free and molecule-specific representation of morphologic and biochemical composition in real-time with subcellular spatial resolution. This unmet clinical need requires new approaches for rapid and reliable real-time assessment of pathologies to complement established diagnostic tools. Photonic imaging combined with digitalization offers the potential to provide the clinician the requested information both under in vivo and ex vivo conditions. This report summarizes photonic approaches and their use in combination with image processing, machine learning and augmented virtual reality that might solve current challenges in modern medicine. Details are given for pathology, intraoperative diagnosis in head and neck cancer and endoscopic diagnosis in gastroenterology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferdinand von Eggeling
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, University Jena, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Jena Biophotonic and Imaging Laboratory, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Waldner
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, University Jena, Germany
- Jena Biophotonic and Imaging Laboratory, Jena, Germany
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261
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Larcher V, Kunderfranco P, Vacchiano M, Carullo P, Erreni M, Salamon I, Colombo FS, Lugli E, Mazzola M, Anselmo A, Condorelli G. An autofluorescence-based method for the isolation of highly purified ventricular cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 114:409-416. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Larcher
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Kunderfranco
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Vacchiano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Carullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research (Milan Unit), National Research Council of Italy, via Fantoli, 15/16, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Erreni
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Humanitas University, via Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Salamon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Humanitas University, via Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Simone Colombo
- Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Mazzola
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, University of Verona, via dell'Artigliere, 8, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Achille Anselmo
- Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research (Milan Unit), National Research Council of Italy, via Fantoli, 15/16, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Humanitas University, via Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
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262
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Boppart SA, Brown JQ, Farah CS, Kho E, Marcu L, Saunders CM, Sterenborg HJCM. Label-free optical imaging technologies for rapid translation and use during intraoperative surgical and tumor margin assessment. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 23:1-10. [PMID: 29288572 PMCID: PMC5747261 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.2.021104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The biannual International Conference on Biophotonics was recently held on April 30 to May 1, 2017, in Fremantle, Western Australia. This continuing conference series brought together key opinion leaders in biophotonics to present their latest results and, importantly, to participate in discussions on the future of the field and what opportunities exist when we collectively work together for using biophotonics for biological discovery and medical applications. One session in this conference, entitled "Tumor Margin Identification: Critiquing Technologies," challenged invited speakers and attendees to review and critique representative label-free optical imaging technologies and their application for intraoperative assessment and guidance in surgical oncology. We are pleased to share a summary in this outlook paper, with the intent to motivate more research inquiry and investigations, to challenge these and other optical imaging modalities to evaluate and improve performance, to spur translation and adoption, and ultimately, to improve the care and outcomes of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Boppart
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Stephen A. Boppart, E-mail:
| | - J. Quincy Brown
- Tulane University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Camile S. Farah
- University of Western Australia, UWA Dental School, Oral Health Centre of Western Australia, Discipline of Oral Oncology, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Esther Kho
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Marcu
- University of California–Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, California, United States
| | - Christobel M. Saunders
- The University of Western Australia, Department of Surgical Oncology, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Henricus J. C. M. Sterenborg
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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263
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Non-destructive two-photon excited fluorescence imaging identifies early nodules in calcific aortic-valve disease. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1:914-924. [PMID: 29456878 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Calcifications occur during the development of healthy bone, and at the onset of calcific aortic-valve disease (CAVD) and many other pathologies. Although the mechanisms regulating early calcium deposition are not fully understood, they may provide targets for new treatments and for early interventions. Here, we show that two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) can provide quantitative and sensitive readouts of calcific nodule formation, in particular in the context of CAVD. Specifically, by means of the decomposition of TPEF spectral images from excised human CAVD valves and from rat bone prior to and following demineralization, as well as from calcific nodules formed within engineered gels, we identified an endogenous fluorophore that correlates with the level of mineralization in the samples. We then developed a ratiometric imaging approach that provides a quantitative readout of the presence of mineral deposits in early calcifications. TPEF should enable non-destructive, high-resolution imaging of three-dimensional tissue specimens for the assessment of the presence of calcification.
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264
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Wang T, Zhang KH, Hu PP, Wan QS, Han FL, Zhou JM, Huang DQ, Lv NH. Combination of dual serum fluorescence, AFP and hepatic function tests is valuable to identify HCC in AFP-elevated liver diseases. Oncotarget 2017; 8:97758-97768. [PMID: 29228649 PMCID: PMC5716689 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels elevated in benign liver diseases (BLD) represent a challenge in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis. The present study aimed to develop a simple method to identify HCC in AFP-elevated liver diseases based on combining serum fluorescence and general clinical data. Serum specimens and clinical data were collected from 201 HCC and 117 BLD (41 liver cirrhosis, 76 chronic hepatitis) patients with abnormal serum AFP levels. Dual serum fluorescence (autofluorescence and cell-free DNA-related fluorescence) intensities were sequentially measured and expressed as 6 fluorescence indicators. The diagnostic value of these fluorescence and clinical data were evaluated alone and in combination by the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). All fluorescence indicators significantly differed between HCC and BLD and some of them were more valuable for diagnosing HCC than AFP (AUROC 0.782-0.801 vs. 0.752). The diagnostic model established with fluorescence indicators, AFP, hepatic function tests and age showed that AUROC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 0.958 (95% CI 0.936-0.979), 92.0%, 88.9% and 92.3%, respectively, and positive rates in AFP-negative, early and small HCCs were 73.8%, 81.6% and 74.3%, respectively. In conclusion, the combination of dual serum fluorescence, AFP, hepatic function tests and age is simple and valuable for identifying HCC in serum AFP-elevated liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Kun-He Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Piao-Ping Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qin-Si Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fang-Li Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jian-Ming Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - De-Qiang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang 330006, China
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265
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Poulon F, Mehidine H, Juchaux M, Varlet P, Devaux B, Pallud J, Abi Haidar D. Optical properties, spectral, and lifetime measurements of central nervous system tumors in humans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13995. [PMID: 29070870 PMCID: PMC5656602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A key challenge of central nervous system tumor surgery is to discriminate between brain regions infiltrated by tumor cells and surrounding healthy tissue. Although monitoring of autofluorescence could potentially be an efficient way to provide reliable information for these regions, we found little information on this subject, and thus we conducted studies of brain tissue optical properties. This particular study focuses on the different optical quantitative responses of human central nervous system tumors and their corresponding controls. Measurements were performed on different fixed human tumoral and healthy brain samples. Four groups of central nervous system tumors (glioblastoma, diffuse glioma, meningioma and metastasis) were discriminated from healthy brain and meninx control tissues. A threshold value was found for the scattering and absorption coefficient between tumoral and healthy groups. Emission Spectra of healthy tissue had a significant higher intensity than tumoral groups. The redox and optical index ratio were thenn calculated and these also showed significant discrimination. Two fluorescent molecules, NADH and porphyrins, showed distinct lifetim values among the different groups of samples. This study defines several optical indexes that can act as combinated indicators to discriminate healthy from tumoral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Poulon
- IMNC Laboratory UMR 8165-CNRS/IN2P3, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - H Mehidine
- IMNC Laboratory UMR 8165-CNRS/IN2P3, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - M Juchaux
- IMNC Laboratory UMR 8165-CNRS/IN2P3, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - P Varlet
- Neuropathology Department, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, 75014, France
- IMA BRAIN, INSERMU894, Centre de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - B Devaux
- Neurosurgery Department, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 75014, Paris, France
- Paris Descates University, Paris, France
| | - J Pallud
- IMA BRAIN, INSERMU894, Centre de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Paris, France
- Neurosurgery Department, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 75014, Paris, France
- Paris Descates University, Paris, France
| | - D Abi Haidar
- IMNC Laboratory UMR 8165-CNRS/IN2P3, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, 91405, France.
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013, Paris, France.
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266
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Piatkevich KD, Suk HJ, Kodandaramaiah SB, Yoshida F, DeGennaro EM, Drobizhev M, Hughes TE, Desimone R, Boyden ES, Verkhusha VV. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Proteins Engineered from Bacterial Phytochromes in Neuroimaging. Biophys J 2017; 113:2299-2309. [PMID: 29017728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several series of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent proteins (FPs) were recently engineered from bacterial phytochromes but were not systematically compared in neurons. To fluoresce, NIR FPs utilize an enzymatic derivative of heme, the linear tetrapyrrole biliverdin, as a chromophore whose level in neurons is poorly studied. Here, we evaluated NIR FPs of the iRFP protein family, which were reported to be the brightest in non-neuronal mammalian cells, in primary neuronal culture, in brain slices of mouse and monkey, and in mouse brain in vivo. We applied several fluorescence imaging modes, such as wide-field and confocal one-photon and two-photon microscopy, to compare photochemical and biophysical properties of various iRFPs. The iRFP682 and iRFP670 proteins exhibited the highest brightness and photostability under one-photon and two-photon excitation modes, respectively. All studied iRFPs exhibited efficient binding of the endogenous biliverdin chromophore in cultured neurons and in the mammalian brain and can be readily applied to neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiryl D Piatkevich
- Media Lab, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MIT McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ho-Jun Suk
- Media Lab, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Suhasa B Kodandaramaiah
- Media Lab, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MIT McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Fumiaki Yoshida
- MIT McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ellen M DeGennaro
- MIT McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mikhail Drobizhev
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Thomas E Hughes
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Robert Desimone
- MIT McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Edward S Boyden
- Media Lab, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MIT McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MIT Center for Neurobiological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Vladislav V Verkhusha
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
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267
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Borrelli E, Lei J, Balasubramanian S, Uji A, Cozzi M, Sarao V, Lanzetta P, Staurenghi G, Sadda SR. Green emission fluorophores in eyes with atrophic age-related macular degeneration: a colour fundus autofluorescence pilot study. Br J Ophthalmol 2017; 102:827-832. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background/AimsTo investigate the presence of short-wave fluorophores within regions of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)-associated macular atrophy (MA) area.MethodsThis is a prospective, observational, cross-sectional case series. 25 eyes (18 patients) with late AMD and clinically identified MA were enrolled. Eyes were imaged using a confocal light-emitting diode blue-light fundus autofluorescence (FAF) device (EIDON, CenterVue, Padua, Italy) with 450 nm excitation wavelength and the capability for ‘colour’ FAF imaging, including both the individual red and green components of the emission spectrum. To produce images with a high contrast for isolating the green component, the red component was subtracted from the total FAF image. The main outcome measure was the presence of green emission fluorescence component (GEFC) within the MA area. Volume spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans were obtained through the macula and the OCT was correlated with the MA lesions identified on the FAF images, including regions of increased GEFC.ResultsOf the investigated eyes, 11 out of 25 (44.0 %) showed the absence of GEFC in the MA area, whereas 14 eyes (56.0%) were characterised by GEFC within the MA area. The presence and distribution of GEFC in the MA area correlated with the presence of hyper-reflective material over Bruch’s membrane on the corresponding SD-OCT scans.ConclusionShort-wave fluorophores, which contribute to the GEFC, are present in the MA area and appear to correspond to residual debris or drusenoid material. Short-wavelength fluorophores revealed by colour FAF imaging may warrant further study.
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268
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Croce AC, Ferrigno A, Di Pasqua LG, Berardo C, Bottiroli G, Vairetti M. NAD(P)H and Flavin Autofluorescence Correlation with ATP in Rat Livers with Different Metabolic Steady-State Conditions. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1519-1524. [PMID: 28696576 DOI: 10.1111/php.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of NAD(P)H and flavin autofluorescence (AF) is at the basis of numerous investigations on energy metabolism. Nevertheless, the ability of these AF biomarkers to accurately represent the energy currency, ATP, is poorly explored. Here, we focused on the AF/ATP correlation in lean and fatty livers with different steady-state metabolic conditions, achieved after organ isolation, preservation and recovery, in a likely dependence on both liver intrinsic metabolic features and externally induced perturbations. Within these eventual, various conditions, a significant correlation was detected between liver NAD(P)H and flavin AF, measured via fiber-optic probe, and biochemical ATP data, strengthening AF as biomarker of energy metabolism in steady-state conditions for wide-ranging experimental and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Croce
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pavia, Italy.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Internal Medicine and Therapy (IMT), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrigno
- Internal Medicine and Therapy (IMT), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura G Di Pasqua
- Internal Medicine and Therapy (IMT), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Clarissa Berardo
- Internal Medicine and Therapy (IMT), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bottiroli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pavia, Italy.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Internal Medicine and Therapy (IMT), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariapia Vairetti
- Internal Medicine and Therapy (IMT), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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269
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Maciel VH, Correr WR, Kurachi C, Bagnato VS, da Silva Souza C. Fluorescence spectroscopy as a tool to in vivo discrimination of distinctive skin disorders. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 19:45-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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270
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Shilova ON, Shilov ES, Deyev SM. The effect of trypan blue treatment on autofluorescence of fixed cells. Cytometry A 2017; 91:917-925. [PMID: 28857464 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Controlling background fluorescence remains an important challenge in flow cytometry, as autofluorescence can interfere with the detection of chromophores. Furthermore, experimental procedures can also affect cellular fluorescence in certain regions of the emission spectrum. In this work, the effects of fixation, permeabilization, and heating on cellular autofluorescence are analyzed in various spectral regions, along with the influence of trypan blue as a quenching dye for these treatments. The impact of these procedures on the staining of SK-BR-3 cells with a dim green fluorophore, a miniSOG (mini Singlet Oxygen Generator) flavoprotein in the form of the recombinant protein DARPin-miniSOG, is also evaluated. The data presented here indicate that fixation of certain types of cells leads to noticeable increase of the autofluorescence. Our results also suggest that trypan blue should be used as an autofluorescence quencher only with bright green emitters since it interferes with the fluorescent signal in a longer-wavelength region of the spectrum and as a result causes reduction of the signal from dim green fluorescent agents. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Shilova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny S Shilov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/12, Moscow, 119234
| | - Sergey M Deyev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/12, Moscow, 119234
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271
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Bec J, Phipps JE, Gorpas D, Ma D, Fatakdawala H, Margulies KB, Southard JA, Marcu L. In vivo label-free structural and biochemical imaging of coronary arteries using an integrated ultrasound and multispectral fluorescence lifetime catheter system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8960. [PMID: 28827758 PMCID: PMC5566546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing clinical intravascular imaging modalities are not capable of accurate detection of critical plaque pathophysiology in the coronary arteries. This study reports the first intravascular catheter combining intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) with multispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) that enables label-free simultaneous assessment of morphological and biochemical features of coronary vessels in vivo. A 3.7 Fr catheter with a fiber-optic channel was constructed based on a 40 MHz clinical IVUS catheter. The ability to safely acquire co-registered FLIm-IVUS data in vivo using Dextran40 solution flushing was demonstrated in swine coronary arteries. FLIm parameters from the arterial wall were consistent with the emission of fluorophores present in healthy arterial wall (collagen, elastin). Additionally, structural and biochemical features from atherosclerotic lesions were acquired in ex vivo human coronary samples and corroborated with histological findings. Current results show that FLIm parameters linked to the amount of structural proteins (e.g. collagen, elastin) and lipids (e.g. foam cells, extracellular lipids) in the first 200 μm of the intima provide important biochemical information that can supplement IVUS data for a comprehensive assessment of plaques pathophysiology. The unique FLIm-IVUS system evaluated here has the potential to provide a comprehensive insight into atherosclerotic lesion formation, diagnostics and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bec
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Phipps
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Dimitris Gorpas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, USA.,Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum, München, Germany
| | - Dinglong Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Hussain Fatakdawala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, USA.,Abbott, Sylmar, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Southard
- UC Davis Health System, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, 95817, CA, USA
| | - Laura Marcu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, USA.
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272
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Palmer S, Litvinova K, Dunaev A, Yubo J, McGloin D, Nabi G. Optical redox ratio and endogenous porphyrins in the detection of urinary bladder cancer: A patient biopsy analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1062-1073. [PMID: 27714989 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is among the most common cancers in the UK and conventional detection techniques suffer from low sensitivity, low specificity, or both. Recent attempts to address the disparity have led to progress in the field of autofluorescence as a means to diagnose the disease with high efficiency, however there is still a lot not known about autofluorescence profiles in the disease. The multi-functional diagnostic system "LAKK-M" was used to assess autofluorescence profiles of healthy and cancerous bladder tissue to identify novel biomarkers of the disease. Statistically significant differences were observed in the optical redox ratio (a measure of tissue metabolic activity), the amplitude of endogenous porphyrins and the NADH/porphyrin ratio between tissue types. These findings could advance understanding of bladder cancer and aid in the development of new techniques for detection and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Palmer
- Division of Imaging and Technology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, UK DD1 9SY
| | - Karina Litvinova
- Optoelectronics and Biomedical Photonics Group, Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK B4 7ET
| | - Andrey Dunaev
- Biomedical Photonics Instrumentation Group, Scientific-Educational Centre of "Biomedical Engineering", Orel State University, Orel, Russia, 302020
| | - Ji Yubo
- Division of Imaging and Technology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, UK DD1 9SY
| | - David McGloin
- SUPA, School of Science and Engineering, Ewing Building, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee, UK DD1 4HN
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Imaging and Technology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, UK DD1 9SY
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273
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Noguera PA, Grunow B, Klinger M, Lester K, Collet B, del-Pozo J. Atlantic salmon cardiac primary cultures: An in vitro model to study viral host pathogen interactions and pathogenesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181058. [PMID: 28727799 PMCID: PMC5519056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of Salmon Cardiac Primary Cultures (SCPCs) from Atlantic salmon pre-hatch embryos and their application as in vitro model for cardiotropic viral infection research are described. Producing SCPCs requires plating of trypsin dissociated embryos with subsequent targeted harvest from 24h up to 3 weeks, of relevant tissues after visual identification. SCPCs are then transferred individually to chambered wells for culture in isolation, with incubation at 15-22°. SCPCs production efficiency was not influenced by embryo's origin (0.75/ farmed or wild embryo), but mildly influenced by embryonic developmental stage (0.3 decline between 380 and 445 accumulated thermal units), and strongly influenced by time of harvest post-plating (0.6 decline if harvested after 72 hours). Beating rate was not significantly influenced by temperature (15-22°) or age (2-4 weeks), but was significantly lower on SCPCs originated from farmed embryos with a disease resistant genotype (F = 5.3, p<0.05). Two distinct morphologies suggestive of an ex vivo embryonic heart and a de novo formation were observed sub-grossly, histologically, ultra-structurally and with confocal microscopy. Both types contained cells consistent with cardiomyocytes, endothelium, and fibroblasts. Ageing of SCPCs in culture was observed with increased auto fluorescence in live imaging, and as myelin figures and cellular degeneration ultra-structurally. The SCPCs model was challenged with cardiotropic viruses and both the viral load and the mx gene expression were measurable along time by qPCR. In summary, SCPCs represent a step forward in salmon cardiac disease research as an in vitro model that partially incorporates the functional complexity of the fish heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A. Noguera
- Aquaculture and Marine Environment, Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Bianka Grunow
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Katherine Lester
- Aquaculture and Marine Environment, Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Bertrand Collet
- Aquaculture and Marine Environment, Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge del-Pozo
- Royal Dick School of Veterinary Sciences - University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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274
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Zhao P, Xu Q, Tao J, Jin Z, Pan Y, Yu C, Yu Z. Near infrared quantum dots in biomedical applications: current status and future perspective. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 10:e1483. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha China
| | - Quan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing; China University of Petroleum (Beijing); Beijing China
| | - Jia Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha China
- School of Chemistry and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Zongwen Jin
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen China
| | - Yue Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Changmin Yu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha China
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275
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Wan QS, Wang T, Zhang KH. Biomedical optical spectroscopy for the early diagnosis of gastrointestinal neoplasms. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317717984. [PMID: 28671054 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317717984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer is a leading contributor to cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis currently plays a key role in the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Despite the advances in endoscopy over the last decades, missing lesions, undersampling and incorrect sampling in biopsies, as well as invasion still result in a poor diagnostic rate of early gastrointestinal cancers. Accordingly, there is a pressing need to develop non-invasive methods for the early detection of gastrointestinal cancers. Biomedical optical spectroscopy, including infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, diffuse scattering spectroscopy and autofluorescence, is capable of providing structural and chemical information about biological specimens with the advantages of non-destruction, non-invasion and reagent-free and waste-free analysis and has thus been widely investigated for the diagnosis of oesophageal, gastric and colorectal cancers. This review will introduce the advances of biomedical optical spectroscopy techniques, highlight their applications for the early detection of gastrointestinal cancers and discuss their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Si Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kun-He Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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276
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Ranjit S, Dvornikov A, Dobrinskikh E, Wang X, Luo Y, Levi M, Gratton E. Measuring the effect of a Western diet on liver tissue architecture by FLIM autofluorescence and harmonic generation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:3143-3154. [PMID: 28717559 PMCID: PMC5508820 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The phasor approach to auto-fluorescence lifetime imaging was used to identify and characterize a long lifetime species (LLS) (~7.8 ns) in livers of mice fed with a Western diet. The size of the areas containing this LLS species depends on the type of diet and the size distribution shows Western diet has much larger LLS sizes. Combination of third harmonic generation images with FLIM identified the LLS species with fat droplets and the droplet size distribution was estimated. Second harmonic generation microscopy combined with phasor FLIM shows that there is an increase in fibrosis with a Western diet. A new decomposition in three components of the phasor plot shows that a Western diet is correlated with a higher fraction of free NADH, signifying more reducing condition and more glycolytic condition. Multiparametric analysis of phasor distribution shows that from the distribution of phasor points, a Western diet fed versus a low fat diet fed samples of mice livers can be separated. The phasor approach for the analysis of FLIM images of autofluorescence in liver specimens can result in discovery of new fluorescent species and then these new fluorescent species can help assess tissue architecture. Finally integrating FLIM and second and third harmonic analysis provides a measure of the advancement of fibrosis as an effect of diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Ranjit
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Dvornikov
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiaoxin Wang
- Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Yuhuan Luo
- Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Moshe Levi
- Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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277
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An Infrared Actin Probe for Deep-Cell Electroporation-Based Single-Molecule Speckle (eSiMS) Microscopy. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17071545. [PMID: 28671584 PMCID: PMC5539718 DOI: 10.3390/s17071545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule speckle (SiMS) microscopy is a powerful method to directly elucidate biochemical reactions in live cells. However, since the signal from an individual fluorophore is extremely faint, the observation area by epi-fluorescence microscopy is restricted to the thin cell periphery to reduce autofluorescence, or only molecules near the plasma membrane are visualized by total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. Here, we introduce a new actin probe labeled with near infrared (NIR) emissive CF680R dye for easy-to-use, electroporation-based SiMS microscopy (eSiMS) for deep-cell observation. CF680R-labeled actin (CF680R-actin) incorporated into actin structures and showed excellent brightness and photostability suitable for single-molecule imaging. Importantly, the intensity of autofluorescence with respect to SiMS brightness was reduced to approximately 13% compared to DyLight 550-labeled actin (DL550-actin). CF680R-actin enabled the monitoring of actin SiMS in actomyosin bundles associated with adherens junctions (AJs) located at 3.5–4 µm above the basal surfaces of epithelial monolayers. These favorable properties of CF680R-actin extend the application of eSiMS to actin turnover and flow analyses in deep cellular structures.
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278
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Miller JP, Habimana-Griffin L, Edwards TS, Achilefu S. Multimodal fluorescence molecular imaging for in vivo characterization of skin cancer using endogenous and exogenous fluorophores. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:66007. [PMID: 28613348 PMCID: PMC5470328 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.6.066007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Similarity of skin cancer with many benign skin pathologies requires reliable methods to detect and differentiate the different types of these lesions. Previous studies have explored the use of disparate optical techniques to identify and estimate the invasive nature of melanoma and basal cell carcinoma with varying outcomes. Here, we used a concerted approach that provides complementary information for rapid screening and characterization of tumors, focusing on squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin. Assessment of in vivo autofluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging of endogenous fluorophores that are excitable at longer wavelengths (480 nm) than conventional NADH and FAD revealed a decrease in the short FLT component for SCC compared to normal skin, with mean values of 0.57 ± 0.026 ?? ns and 0.61 ± 0.021 ?? ns , respectively ( p = 0.004 ). Subsequent systemic administration of a near-infrared fluorescent molecular probe in SCC bearing mice, followed by the implementation of image processing methods on data acquired from two-dimensional and three-dimensional fluorescence molecular imaging, allowed us to estimate the tumor volume and depth, as well as quantify the fluorescent probe in the tumor. The result suggests the involvement of lipofuscin-like lipopigments and riboflavin in SCC metabolism and serves as a model for staging SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P. Miller
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Optical Radiology Laboratory, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Washington University in St. Louis, Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - LeMoyne Habimana-Griffin
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Optical Radiology Laboratory, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Washington University in St. Louis, Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Tracy S. Edwards
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Optical Radiology Laboratory, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Optical Radiology Laboratory, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Washington University in St. Louis, Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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279
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Croce AC, Ferrigno A, Di Pasqua LG, Berardo C, Mannucci B, Bottiroli G, Vairetti M. Fluorescing fatty acids in rat fatty liver models. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:905-910. [PMID: 27981808 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The autofluorescence (AF) of NAD(P)H and flavins has been at the basis of many in-situ studies of liver energy metabolism and functionality. Conversely, few data have been so far reported on fluorescing lipids. In this work we investigated the AF of liver lipid extracts from two fatty liver models, Wistar rats fed with MCD diet for 12 days (Wi-MCD), and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats. Among the most abundant fatty acids in the lipid extracts, indicated by mass spectrometry, arachidonic acid (AA) exhibited higher quantum yield than the other fluorescing fatty acids (FLFA), and red shifted AF spectrum. This allowed to estimate the AA contribution to the overall emission of lipid extracts by curve fitting analysis. AA prevailed in obese Zucker livers, accounting for the different AF spectral profiles between the two models. AF and mass spectrometry indicated also a different balance between the fluorescing fraction and the overall amount of AA in the two models. The ability of AF to detect directly AA and FLFA was demonstrated, suggesting its supportive role as tool in wide-ranging applications, from the control of animal origin food, to experimental investigations on liver fat accumulation, lipotoxicity and disease progression, with potential translation to the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Croce
- Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Molecular Genetics, Via Abbiategrasso 207, Pavia, Italy
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare - CNR, University of Pavia, Department of Biology & Biotechnology, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrigno
- University of Pavia, Internal Medicine and Therapy, Via Ferrata 9, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura G Di Pasqua
- University of Pavia, Internal Medicine and Therapy, Via Ferrata 9, Pavia, Italy
| | - Clarissa Berardo
- University of Pavia, Internal Medicine and Therapy, Via Ferrata 9, Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Mannucci
- Centro Grandi Strumenti, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bottiroli
- Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Molecular Genetics, Via Abbiategrasso 207, Pavia, Italy
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare - CNR, University of Pavia, Department of Biology & Biotechnology, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariapia Vairetti
- University of Pavia, Internal Medicine and Therapy, Via Ferrata 9, Pavia, Italy
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280
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Croce AC, Bottiroli G. Lipids: Evergreen autofluorescent biomarkers for the liver functional profiling. Eur J Histochem 2017; 61:2808. [PMID: 28735528 PMCID: PMC5460376 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2017.2808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Depending on their chemical nature, lipids can be classified in two main categories: hydrophilic, greatly contributing to membrane composition and subcellular organelle compartmentalization, and hydrophobic, mostly triglycerides, greatly enrolled in the storage and production of energy. In both cases, some lipid molecules can be involved as signaling agents in the regulation of metabolism and protective or damaging pathways in responses to harmful stimuli. These events could affect in particular the liver, because of its central role in the maintenance of lipid homeostasis. Lipids have been demonstrated to fluoresce, contributing to the overall emission signal of the liver tissue along with other endogenous fluorophores, relatable to energy metabolism and oxidative events. The mere estimation of the fluorescing lipid fraction in parallel with the other endogenous fluorophores, and with the common biochemical and histochemical biomarkers of tissue injury has been exploited to investigate the liver morpho- functional conditions in experimental hepatology. More interestingly, the fluorescing lipid fraction is greatly relatable to free fatty acids such as arachidonic, linoleic and linolenic acid, which are deserving increasing attention as precursors of products involved in several and complex signaling pathways. On these bases, the ability of autofluorescence to detect directly arachidonic acid and its balance with other unsaturated fatty acids may be exploited in the diagnosis and follow-up of fatty livers, helping to improve the personalization of the metabolic/ lipidomic profiling. This could also contribute to elucidate the role of the injuring factors in the choice of suitable donors, and in the set-up of preservation procedures in liver transplantation.
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281
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Croce AC, Ferrigno A, Bertone V, Piccolini VM, Berardo C, Di Pasqua LG, Rizzo V, Bottiroli G, Vairetti M. Fatty liver oxidative events monitored by autofluorescence optical diagnosis: Comparison between subnormothermic machine perfusion and conventional cold storage preservation. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:668-682. [PMID: 27448628 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Livers with moderate steatosis are currently recruited as marginal organs to face donor shortage in transplantation, even though lipid excess and oxidative stress increase preservation injury risk. Sensitive, real-time detection of liver metabolism engagement could help donor selection and preservation procedures, ameliorating the graft outcome. Hence, we investigated endogenous biomolecules with autofluorescence (AF) properties as biomarkers supporting the detection of liver oxidative events and the assessment of metabolic responses to external stimuli. METHODS Livers from male Wistar rats fed a 12-day methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet were subjected to AF spectrofluorometric analysis (fiber-optic probe, 366-nm excitation) before and after organ isolation, and following preservation (cold storage or 20°C machine perfusion) and reperfusion. RESULTS Innovative dynamic AF results on lipid oxidation to lipofuscin-like lipopigments, correlating with biochemical oxidative damage (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and antioxidant defense (glutathione) parameters, suggested lipid engagement in MCD livers counteracting reactive oxidizing species. The maintained MCD liver functionality was supported by limited changes in bilirubin AF spectral profile, reflecting bile composition balance, despite their intrinsic mitochondrial weakness, confirmed by adenosine 5'-triphosphate levels, and regardless of different preservation effects on energy metabolism revealed by conventional reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and flavin AF data. CONCLUSION Autofluorescence showed that, after a relatively short time on an MCD diet, livers are still able to face oxidizing events and maintain a functional balance. These results strengthen AF as a supportive diagnostic tool in experimental hepatology, to characterize marginal livers in real time, monitor their response to ischemia/reperfusion, and investigate protective therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cleta Croce
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Biology and Biotechnology Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrigno
- Internal Medicine and Therapy Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bertone
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria Maria Piccolini
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Clarissa Berardo
- Internal Medicine and Therapy Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Vittoria Rizzo
- Molecular Medicine Department, University of Pavia and Istituto Ricovero e Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bottiroli
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Biology and Biotechnology Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariapia Vairetti
- Internal Medicine and Therapy Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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282
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Marrero L, Simkin J, Sammarco M, Muneoka K. Fibroblast reticular cells engineer a blastema extracellular network during digit tip regeneration in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 4:69-84. [PMID: 28616246 PMCID: PMC5469731 DOI: 10.1002/reg2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The regeneration blastema which forms following amputation of the mouse digit tip is composed of undifferentiated cells bound together by an organized network of fibers. A monoclonal antibody (ER‐TR7) that identifies extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers produced by fibroblast reticular cells during lymphoid organogenesis was used to characterize the ECM of the digit, the blastema, and the regenerate. Digit fibroblast reticular cells produce an ER‐TR7+ ECM network associated with different tissues and represent a subset of loose connective tissue fibroblasts. During blastema formation there is an upregulation of matrix production that returns to its pre‐existing level and anatomical pattern in the endpoint regenerate. Co‐localization studies demonstrate a strong spatial correlation between the ER‐TR7 antigen and collagen type III (COL3) in histological sections. ER‐TR7 and COL3 are co‐induced in cultured digit fibroblasts following treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha and a lymphotoxin beta receptor agonist. These results provide an initial characterization of the ECM during digit regeneration and identify a subpopulation of fibroblasts involved in producing the blastema provisional matrix that is remodeled during the regeneration response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Marrero
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA.,Department of Medicine Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - Jennifer Simkin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - Mimi Sammarco
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - Ken Muneoka
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA.,Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology Texas A&M University College Station TX7 7843 USA
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283
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Croce AC, Bottiroli G. Autofluorescence Spectroscopy for Monitoring Metabolism in Animal Cells and Tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1560:15-43. [PMID: 28155143 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Excitation of biological substrates with light at a suitable wavelength can give rise to a light emission in the ultraviolet (UV)-visible, near-infrared (IR) spectral range, called autofluorescence (AF). This is a widespread phenomenon, ascribable to the general presence of biomolecules acting as endogenous fluorophores (EFs) in the organisms of the whole life kingdom. In cytochemistry and histochemistry, AF is often an unwanted signal enhancing the background and affecting in particular the detection of low signals or rare positive labeling spots of exogenous markers. Conversely, AF is increasingly considered as a powerful diagnostic tool because of its role as an intrinsic biomarker directly dependent on the nature, amount, and microenvironment of the EFs, in a strict relationship with metabolic processes and structural organization of cells and tissues. As a consequence, AF carries multiple information that can be decrypted by a proper analysis of the overall emission signal, allowing the characterization and monitoring of cell metabolism in situ, in real time and in the absence of perturbation from exogenous markers. In the animal kingdom, AF studies at the cellular level take advantage of the essential presence of NAD(P)H and flavins, primarily acting as coenzymes at multiple steps of common metabolic pathways for energy production, reductive biosynthesis and antioxidant defense. Additional EFs such as vitamin A, porphyrins, lipofuscins, proteins, and neuromediators can be detected in different kinds of cells and bulk tissues, and can be exploited as photophysical biomarkers of specific normal or altered morphofunctional properties, from the retinoid storage in the liver to aging processes, metabolic disorders or cell transformation processes. The AF phenomenon involves all living system, and literature reports numerous investigations and diagnostic applications of AF, taking advantage of continuously developing self-assembled or commercial instrumentation and measuring procedures, making almost impossible to provide their comprehensive description. Therefore a brief summary of the history of AF observations and of the development of measuring systems is provided, along with a description of the most common EFs and their metabolic significance. From our direct experience, examples of AF imaging and microspectrofluorometric procedures performed under a single excitation in the near-UV range for cell and tissue metabolism studies are then reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Croce
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM) - CNR, via Abbiategrasso, 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Bottiroli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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284
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Brandao MP, dos Anjos VDC, Bell MJV. Time resolved fluorescence of milk powders – A pilot study. Int Dairy J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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285
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Pellicciari C. Is there still room for novelty, in histochemical papers? Eur J Histochem 2016; 60:2758. [PMID: 28076939 PMCID: PMC5381530 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2016.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Histochemistry continues to be widely applied in biomedical research, being nowadays mostly addressed to detect and locate single molecules or molecular complexes inside cells and tissues, and to relate structural organization and function at the high resolution of the more advanced microscopical techniques. In the attempt to see whether histochemical novelties may be found in the recent literature, the articles published in the European Journal of Histochemistry in the period 2014-2016 have been reviewed. In the majority of the published papers, standardized methods have been preferred by scientists to make their results reliably comparable with the data in the literature, but several papers (approximately one fourth of the published articles) described novel histochemical methods and procedures. It is worth noting that there is a growing interest for minimally-invasive in vivo techniques (magnetic resonance imaging, autofluorescence spectroscopy), which may parallel conventional histochemical analyses to acquire evidence not only on the morphological features of living organs and tissues, but also on their functional, biophysical and molecular characteristics. Thanks to this unceasing methodological refinement, histochemistry will continue to provide innovative applications in the biomedical field.
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286
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Malatesta M. Transmission electron microscopy for nanomedicine: novel applications for long-established techniques. Eur J Histochem 2016; 60:2751. [PMID: 28076938 PMCID: PMC5178805 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2016.2751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last twenty years, the research in nanoscience and nanotechnology has dramatically increased and, in the last decade, the interest has progressively been oriented towards biomedical applications, giving rise to a new field termed nanomedicine. Transmission electron microscopy is a valuable technique not only for the thorough physico-chemical characterization of newly synthesized nanoparticulates, but especially to explore the effects of nanocomposites on biological systems, providing essential information for the development of efficient therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Thus, for the progress of nanotechnology in the biomedical field, experts in cell biology, histochemistry and ultramicroscopy should always support the chemists, physicists and pharmacologists engaged in the synthesis and characterization of innovative nanoconstructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona.
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287
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Croce AC, Ferrigno A, Di Pasqua LG, Berardo C, Piccolini VM, Bertone V, Bottiroli G, Vairetti M. Autofluorescence discrimination of metabolic fingerprint in nutritional and genetic fatty liver models. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 164:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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288
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Khan KM, Kumar R, Krishna H, Ghosh N, Majumder SK. Spatially-offset fluorescence spectroscopy (SOFS) using ring illumination and point collection for sub-surface measurements in layered tissue. Biomed Eng Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13534-016-0238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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289
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Prost S, Kishen REB, Kluth DC, Bellamy COC. Choice of Illumination System & Fluorophore for Multiplex Immunofluorescence on FFPE Tissue Sections. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162419. [PMID: 27632367 PMCID: PMC5025086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent availability of novel dyes and alternative light sources to facilitate complex tissue immunofluorescence studies such as multiplex labelling has not been matched by reports critically evaluating the considerations and relative benefits of these new tools, particularly in combination. Product information is often limited to wavelengths used for older fluorophores (FITC, TRITC & corresponding Alexa dyes family). Consequently, novel agents such as Quantum dots are not widely appreciated or used, despite highly favourable properties including extremely bright emission, stability and potentially reduced tissue autofluorescence at the excitation wavelength. Using spectral analysis, we report here a detailed critical appraisal and comparative evaluation of different light sources and fluorophores in multiplex immunofluorescence of clinical biopsy sections. The comparison includes mercury light, metal halide and 3 different LED-based systems, using 7 Qdots (525, 565, 585, 605, 625, 705), Cy3 and Cy5. We discuss the considerations relevant to achieving the best combination of light source and fluorophore for accurate multiplex fluorescence quantitation. We highlight practical limitations and confounders to quantitation with filter-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Prost
- Department of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Deanery of Molecular Genetics and Public Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ria E. B. Kishen
- Department of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Deanery of Molecular Genetics and Public Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Kluth
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher O. C. Bellamy
- Department of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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290
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Bader CA, Sorvina A, Simpson PV, Wright PJ, Stagni S, Plush SE, Massi M, Brooks DA. Imaging nuclear, endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane events in real time. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3051-60. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christie A. Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences Sansom Institute for Health Research University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences Sansom Institute for Health Research University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
| | - Peter V. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute Curtin University Bently Australia
| | - Phillip J. Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute Curtin University Bently Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry ‘Toso Montanari’ University of Bologna Italy
| | - Sally E. Plush
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences Sansom Institute for Health Research University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute Curtin University Bently Australia
| | - Douglas A. Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences Sansom Institute for Health Research University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
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291
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Li G, Wu B, Ward MG, Chong ACN, Mukherjee S, Chen S, Hao M. Multifunctional in vivo imaging of pancreatic islets during diabetes development. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2865-75. [PMID: 27270669 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.190843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet dysfunction leading to insufficient glucose-stimulated insulin secretion triggers the clinical onset of diabetes. How islet dysfunction develops is not well understood at the cellular level, partly owing to the lack of approaches to study single islets longitudinally in vivo Here, we present a noninvasive, high-resolution system to quantitatively image real-time glucose metabolism from single islets in vivo, currently not available with any other method. In addition, this multifunctional system simultaneously reports islet function, proliferation, vasculature and macrophage infiltration in vivo from the same set of images. Applying our method to a longitudinal high-fat diet study revealed changes in islet function as well as alternations in islet microenvironment. More importantly, this label-free system enabled us to image real-time glucose metabolism directly from single human islets in vivo for the first time, opening the door to noninvasive longitudinal in vivo studies of healthy and diabetic human islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Binlin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Meliza G Ward
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Angie C N Chong
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sushmita Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mingming Hao
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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292
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Hall MD, Simeonov A, Davis MI. Avoiding Fluorescence Assay Interference-The Case for Diaphorase. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2016; 14:175-9. [PMID: 27078679 PMCID: PMC4840916 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2016.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence is utilized as the output for a range of assay formats used in high-throughput screening (HTS). Interference with these assays from the compounds in libraries utilized in HTS is a well-recognized phenomenon, particularly for assays relying on UV excitation such as for direct detection of the oxidoreductase cofactors NADH or NADPH. In this study, we discuss these interference challenges and highlight the specific case of the diaphorase/resazurin system that can be coupled to enzymes utilizing NADH or NADPH. We review the utilization of this assay system in the literature and argue that the diaphorase/resazurin system is underutilized in assay development. It is the authors' hope that this Perspective and the accompanying Technical Brief in this issue will stimulate interest in a robust and sensitive coupling system to avoid assay fluorescence interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Hall
- NCATS Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, Maryland
| | - Anton Simeonov
- NCATS Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mindy I Davis
- NCATS Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, Maryland
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293
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In Situ Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Rat Fatty Liver Induced by a Methionine- and Choline-Deficient Diet. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9307064. [PMID: 26881047 PMCID: PMC4736780 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9307064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious health problem in developed countries. We documented the effects of feeding with a NAFLD-inducing, methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet, for 1-4 weeks on rat liver oxidative stress, with respect to a control diet. Glycogen, neutral lipids, ROS, peroxidated proteins, and SOD2 were investigated using histochemical procedures; ATP, GSH, and TBARS concentrations were investigated by biochemical dosages, and SOD2 expression was investigated by Western Blotting. In the 4-week-diet period, glycogen stores decreased whereas lipid droplets, ROS, and peroxidated proteins expression (especially around lipid droplets of hepatocytes) increased. SOD2 immunostaining decreased in poorly steatotic hepatocytes but increased in the thin cytoplasm of macrosteatotic cells; a trend towards a quantitative decrease of SOD expression in homogenates occurred after 3 weeks. ATP and GSH values were significantly lower for rats fed with the MCD diet with respect to the controls. An increase of TBARS in the last period of the diet is in keeping with the high ROS production and low antioxidant defense; these TBARS may promote protein peroxidation around lipid droplets. Since these proteins play key roles in lipid mobilization, storage, and metabolism, this last information appears significant, as it points towards a previously misconsidered target of NAFLD-associated oxidative stress that might be responsible for lipid dysfunction.
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294
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Pellicciari C. Histochemistry in biology and medicine: a message from the citing journals. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2610. [PMID: 26708189 PMCID: PMC4698620 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Especially in recent years, biomedical research has taken advantage of the progress in several disciplines, among which microscopy and histochemistry. To assess the influence of histochemistry in the biomedical field, the articles published during the period 2011-2015 have been selected from different databases and grouped by subject categories: as expected, biological and biomedical studies where histochemistry has been used as a major experimental approach include a wide of basic and applied researches on both humans and other animal or plant organisms. To better understand the impact of histochemical publications onto the different biological and medical disciplines, it was useful to look at the journals where the articles published in a multidisciplinary journal of histochemistry have been cited: it was observed that, in the five-years period considered, 20% only of the citations were in histochemical periodicals, the remaining ones being in journals of Cell & Tissue biology, general and experimental Medicine, Oncology, Biochemistry & Molecular biology, Neurobiology, Anatomy & Morphology, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Reproductive biology, Veterinary sciences, Physiology, Endocrinology, Tissue engineering & Biomaterials, as well as in multidisciplinary journals.It is easy to foresee that also in the future the histochemical journals will be an attended forum for basic and applied scientists in the biomedical field. It will be crucial that these journals be open to an audience as varied as possible, publishing articles on the application of refined techniques to very different experimental models: this will stimulate non-histochemist scientists to approach histochemistry whose application horizon could expand to novel and possibly exclusive subjects.
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295
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Croce AC, Bottiroli G. New light in flavin autofluorescence. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2576. [PMID: 26708187 PMCID: PMC4698619 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our attention was captured by the interesting debate on the identification of lipofuscins, lipofuscin-like lipopigments, or flavins as the responsible for intracellular autofluorescence (AF) detected in epithelial cancer stem cells when exciting at 480-490 nm. Evidence was provided leading to ascribe AF emission to flavins accumulating in cytoplasmic structures, bounded to membranes and bearing ATP-dependent ABCG2 transporters. Flavins were then proposed as an intrinsic AF biomarker of cancer stem cells, with advantageous implications on cell invasiveness and chemoresistance investigations. It is however worth recalling the huge amount of literature on flavins and NAD(P)H as AF biomarkers of cell energetic metabolism and redox state, an aspect that should not be overlooked in the renewed course to extend the potential of flavins as AF biomarkers, entailing also a recent proposal of Flavin-based fluorescent proteins as substitutes of Green fluorescent proteins.
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296
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Abstract
In March 2014 the European Society of Radiology (ESR) established a dedicated working group (ESR WG on Imaging Biobanks) aimed at monitoring the existing imaging biobanks in Europe, promoting the federation of imaging biobanks and communication of their findings in a white paper. The WG provided the following statements: (1) Imaging biobanks can be defined as "organised databases of medical images and associated imaging biomarkers (radiology and beyond) shared among multiple researchers, and linked to other biorepositories". (2) The immediate purpose of imaging biobanks should be to allow the generation of imaging biomarkers for use in research studies and to support biological validation of existing and novel imaging biomarkers. (3) A long-term scope of imaging biobanks should be the creation of a network/federation of such repositories integrated with the already-existing biobanking network. The aim of the WG was to investigate the existence, consistency, geographical distribution and type of imaging biobanks in Europe. A survey among ESR members resulted in the identification of 27 imaging biobanks, mostly disease-oriented and designed for research and clinical reference. In 80 % access to imaging biobanks is restricted. Key points • Imaging biobanks are "shared databases of imaging biomarkers, linked to biorepositories".• Exploitation of traditional and imaging biobanks is meaningful for "personalised medicine".• A European imaging biobank network would significantly boost research in the imaging domain.
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297
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Maciejewska K, Drzazga Z, Kaszuba M. The changes in bone organic and inorganic matrix in newborn rats after maternal application of antiretroviral agents: Indinavir and zidovudine. Biofactors 2015; 41:198-208. [PMID: 26040542 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This work presents results concerning influence of indinavir (protease inhibitor, PI(1)) and zidovudine (nucleoside and nucleotide inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, NRTI) administered to pregnant Wistar rat females on organic and mineral constituents of bones and teeth (mandibles, skulls, tibiae, femurs, and incisors) of their offspring at the age of: 7, 14, and 28 days studied by means of induced laser and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy supported by digital radiography. Influence of indinavir administered to pregnant female rats on bone of their offspring revealed mainly in changes of mineral concentration: lowered Ca concentration and disturbances of trace elements. Zidovudine influenced organic matter more than inorganic matrix which was seen in enhancement of LIF fluorescence. However, there was also an unexpected increase of bone density for rats from zidovudine group, unlike indinavir group, observed. Our studies suggest that studied antiretroviral agents given to pregnant women, may have different destructive impact on bone state of their offspring in the first period of life. Maternal administration of zidovudine may delay development of organic matrix, while indinavir may have adverse effects on inorganic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Maciejewska
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, Chorzow, Poland
| | - Zofia Drzazga
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, Chorzow, Poland
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298
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Sainz B, Miranda-Lorenzo I, Heeschen C. The fuss over lipo"fuss"cin: not all autofluorescence is the same. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2512. [PMID: 25820568 PMCID: PMC4378222 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first description of cellular autofluorescence over a century ago, we have now come to appreciate that autofluorescence should not be discarded as a biological artifact but embraced as a biological phenomenon with potentially important cellular relevance. Indeed, cellular and tissue autofluorescence has been attributed to a spectrum of unrelated molecules such as porphyrins, vitamins (vitamin A, riboflavin, thiamine), structural proteins, lipofuscin and ceroid pigments. We have recently shown that freshly isolated epithelial cancer stem cells (CSCs) bear autofluorescent vesicles in the cytoplasm. Our studies definitively prove that riboflavin and not lipofuscin is the source of autofluorescence in CSCs as the inhibition of ATP and not autophagy eliminates CSC autofluorescence, that the ATP-dependent transporter ABCG2, for which riboflavin is a substrate, is overexpressed in autofluorescent CSCs and co-localizes with the membrane of intracellular autofluorescent vesicles, the ABCG2-specific inhibitor Fumitremorgin C reversibly eliminates CSC autofluorescence, riboflavin is a substrate for ABCG2, and only the addition of riboflavin to vitamin-deprived CSC cultures is capable of restoring autofluorescence. Thus, the sum of these data unequivocally supports the conclusion that the source of CSC autofluorescence is the vitamin riboflavin.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sainz
- Autónoma University of Madrid.
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299
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Di Guardo G. Lipofuscin, lipofuscin-like pigments and autofluorescence. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2485. [PMID: 25820564 PMCID: PMC4378218 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A brief overview is here provided on lipofuscin and lipofuscin-like substances, with particular reference to their biological significance as well as to their cellular origin and pathophysiological role. Special emphasis is also placed on the mutual relationships between lipofuscin and lipofuscin-like lipopigments on one side, and cell autofluorescence on the other.
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300
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Pellicciari C. Impact of Histochemistry on biomedical research: looking through the articles published in a long-established histochemical journal. Eur J Histochem 2014; 58:2474. [PMID: 25578981 PMCID: PMC4289853 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2014.2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Histochemistry provides the unique opportunity to detect single molecules in the very place where they exert their structural roles or functional activities: this makes it possible to correlate structural organization and function, and may be fruitfully exploited in countless biomedical research topics. Aiming to estimate the impact of histochemical articles in the biomedical field, the last few years citations of articles published in a long-established histochemical journal have been considered. This brief survey suggests that histochemical journals, especially the ones open to a large spectrum of research subjects, do represent an irreplaceable source of information not only for cell biologists, microscopists or anatomists, but also for biochemists, molecular biologists and biotechnologists.
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