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Pham DL, Gillette AA, Riendeau J, Wiech K, Guzman EC, Datta R, Skala MC. Perspectives on label-free microscopy of heterogeneous and dynamic biological systems. J Biomed Opt 2025; 29:S22702. [PMID: 38434231 PMCID: PMC10903072 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s2.s22702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Significance Advancements in label-free microscopy could provide real-time, non-invasive imaging with unique sources of contrast and automated standardized analysis to characterize heterogeneous and dynamic biological processes. These tools would overcome challenges with widely used methods that are destructive (e.g., histology, flow cytometry) or lack cellular resolution (e.g., plate-based assays, whole animal bioluminescence imaging). Aim This perspective aims to (1) justify the need for label-free microscopy to track heterogeneous cellular functions over time and space within unperturbed systems and (2) recommend improvements regarding instrumentation, image analysis, and image interpretation to address these needs. Approach Three key research areas (cancer research, autoimmune disease, and tissue and cell engineering) are considered to support the need for label-free microscopy to characterize heterogeneity and dynamics within biological systems. Based on the strengths (e.g., multiple sources of molecular contrast, non-invasive monitoring) and weaknesses (e.g., imaging depth, image interpretation) of several label-free microscopy modalities, improvements for future imaging systems are recommended. Conclusion Improvements in instrumentation including strategies that increase resolution and imaging speed, standardization and centralization of image analysis tools, and robust data validation and interpretation will expand the applications of label-free microscopy to study heterogeneous and dynamic biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan L. Pham
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | | | | | - Kasia Wiech
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | | | - Rupsa Datta
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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2
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Tapia-Rojas S, García-Paitán M, Rosario-Chavarri JD, Santiani A, Alvarez-Vega S, Amiel-Pérez J, Mayanga-Herrera A. Medicinal plant extracts interfere in gastric cancer stem cells fluorescence-based assays. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:104000. [PMID: 38706720 PMCID: PMC11066463 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence is used in various biological assays due to its high sensitivity, versatility, and precision. In recent years, studies using medicinal plant extracts have increased. However, fluorescence-based assays could be biased by plant metabolites autofluorescence. To address this issue, this study investigated the interference caused by methanolic extracts and chloroform fractions of three medicinal plants in three fluorescence-based assays on gastric cancer stem cells(CSC): resazurin reduction, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. CSC were isolated based on CD44 surface marker, incubated with methanolic extracts and chloroform fractions of Buddleja incana, Dracontium spruceanum, Piper aduncum. Resazurin assay evidenced that CSC exposed to extracts and fractions from the three plants showed significant differences in relative fluorescence units (RFU) levels (p < 0.001) compared to the unexposed groups after a 3-hour incubation. In addition, DMSO-treated CSC exposed to extracts and fractions had significantly lower fluorescence levels than living ones, but higher than extracts and fractions without cells. In confocal microscopy, cancer stem cells exposed to extracts and fractions of B. incana and P. aduncum were observed in the same emission spectra of the CSC markers. In flow cytometry, CSC exposed to extracts and fractions without any fluorescent dyes were detected in the double positive quadrants for CSC markers (CD44+/CD133 + ). Among the three plants, D. spruceanum exhibited the least interference. These results show that methanolic extracts and chloroform fractions contain autofluorescent metabolites that interfere with fluorescence-based assays. These results highlight the importance of a prior evaluation for possible fluorescence interference to avoid interpretation biases in fluorescence assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salyoc Tapia-Rojas
- Cell Culture and Immunology Lab, Universidad Científica del Sur, Antigua Panamericana Sur km 19, Lima, 15067, Perú
| | | | - Jorge Del Rosario-Chavarri
- Plant Biology System Lab, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Libertador Bernardo O’higgins AV. 340, Santiago, 8331150, Chile
| | - Alexei Santiani
- Animal Reproduction Lab, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Circunvalación Av 28, San Borja, Lima, 15021, Perú
| | - Santiago Alvarez-Vega
- Cell Culture and Immunology Lab, Universidad Científica del Sur, Antigua Panamericana Sur km 19, Lima, 15067, Perú
| | - José Amiel-Pérez
- Cell Culture and Immunology Lab, Universidad Científica del Sur, Antigua Panamericana Sur km 19, Lima, 15067, Perú
| | - Ana Mayanga-Herrera
- Cell Culture and Immunology Lab, Universidad Científica del Sur, Antigua Panamericana Sur km 19, Lima, 15067, Perú
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3
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Tweel JED, Ecclestone BR, Boktor M, Dinakaran D, Mackey JR, Reza PH. Automated Whole Slide Imaging for Label-Free Histology Using Photon Absorption Remote Sensing Microscopy. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; 71:1901-1912. [PMID: 38231822 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2024.3355296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathologists rely on histochemical stains to impart contrast in thin translucent tissue samples, revealing tissue features necessary for identifying pathological conditions. However, the chemical labeling process is destructive and often irreversible or challenging to undo, imposing practical limits on the number of stains that can be applied to the same tissue section. Here we present an automated label-free whole slide scanner using a PARS microscope designed for imaging thin, transmissible samples. METHODS Peak SNR and in-focus acquisitions are achieved across entire tissue sections using the scattering signal from the PARS detection beam to measure the optimal focal plane. Whole slide images (WSI) are seamlessly stitched together using a custom contrast leveling algorithm. Identical tissue sections are subsequently H&E stained and brightfield imaged. The one-to-one WSIs from both modalities are visually and quantitatively compared. RESULTS PARS WSIs are presented at standard 40x magnification in malignant human breast and skin samples. We show correspondence of subcellular diagnostic details in both PARS and H&E WSIs and demonstrate virtual H&E staining of an entire PARS WSI. The one-to-one WSI from both modalities show quantitative similarity in nuclear features and structural information. CONCLUSION PARS WSIs are compatible with existing digital pathology tools, and samples remain suitable for histochemical, immunohistochemical, and other staining techniques. SIGNIFICANCE This work is a critical advance for integrating label-free optical methods into standard histopathology workflows.
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Renteria CA, Park J, Zhang C, Sorrells JE, Iyer RR, Tehrani KF, De la Cadena A, Boppart SA. Large field-of-view metabolic profiling of murine brain tissue following morphine incubation using label-free multiphoton microscopy. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 408:110171. [PMID: 38777156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the effects on neural activation and glucose consumption caused by opiates such as morphine are known, the metabolic machinery underlying opioid use and misuse is not fully explored. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) techniques have been developed for optical imaging at high spatial resolution. Despite the increased use of MPM for neural imaging, the use of intrinsic optical contrast has seen minimal use in neuroscience. NEW METHOD We present a label-free, multimodal microscopy technique for metabolic profiling of murine brain tissue following incubation with morphine sulfate (MSO4). We evaluate two- and three-photon excited autofluorescence, and second and third harmonic generation to determine meaningful intrinsic contrast mechanisms in brain tissue using simultaneous label-free, autofluorescence multi-harmonic (SLAM) microscopy. RESULTS Regional differences quantified in the cortex, caudate, and thalamus of the brain demonstrate region-specific changes to metabolic profiles measured from FAD intensity, along with brain-wide quantification. While the overall intensity of FAD signal significantly decreased after morphine incubation, this metabolic molecule accumulated near the nucleus accumbens. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Histopathology requires tissue fixation and staining to determine cell type and morphology, lacking information about cellular metabolism. Tools such as fMRI or PET imaging have been widely used, but lack cellular resolution. SLAM microscopy obviates the need for tissue preparation, permitting immediate use and imaging of tissue with subcellular resolution in its native environment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the utility of SLAM microscopy for label-free investigations of neural metabolism, especially the intensity changes in FAD autofluorescence and structural morphology from third-harmonic generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Renteria
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Jaena Park
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Chi Zhang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Janet E Sorrells
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Rishyashring R Iyer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Kayvan F Tehrani
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Alejandro De la Cadena
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; NIH/NIBIB P41 Center for Label-free Imaging and Multiscale Biophotonics (CLIMB), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.
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5
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Ghosh B, Chatterjee J, Paul RR, Acuña S, Lahiri P, Pal M, Mitra P, Agarwal K. Molecular histopathology of matrix proteins through autofluorescence super-resolution microscopy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10524. [PMID: 38719976 PMCID: PMC11078950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix diseases like fibrosis are elusive to diagnose early on, to avoid complete loss of organ function or even cancer progression, making early diagnosis crucial. Imaging the matrix densities of proteins like collagen in fixed tissue sections with suitable stains and labels is a standard for diagnosis and staging. However, fine changes in matrix density are difficult to realize by conventional histological staining and microscopy as the matrix fibrils are finer than the resolving capacity of these microscopes. The dyes further blur the outline of the matrix and add a background that bottlenecks high-precision early diagnosis of matrix diseases. Here we demonstrate the multiple signal classification method-MUSICAL-otherwise a computational super-resolution microscopy technique to precisely estimate matrix density in fixed tissue sections using fibril autofluorescence with image stacks acquired on a conventional epifluorescence microscope. We validated the diagnostic and staging performance of the method in extracted collagen fibrils, mouse skin during repair, and pre-cancers in human oral mucosa. The method enables early high-precision label-free diagnosis of matrix-associated fibrotic diseases without needing additional infrastructure or rigorous clinical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajoy Ghosh
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9019, Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | - Ranjan Rashmi Paul
- Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700114, India
| | | | - Pooja Lahiri
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Mousumi Pal
- Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700114, India
| | - Pabitra Mitra
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Krishna Agarwal
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9019, Tromsø, Norway.
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Chung SJ, Hadrick K, Nafiujjaman M, Apu EH, Hill ML, Nurunnabi M, Contag CH, Kim T. Targeted Biodegradable Near-Infrared Fluorescent Nanoparticles for Colorectal Cancer Imaging. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024. [PMID: 38574012 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the U.S., and early detection and diagnosis are essential for effective treatment. Current methods are inadequate for rapid detection of early disease, revealing flat lesions, and delineating tumor margins with accuracy and molecular specificity. Fluorescence endoscopy can generate wide field-of-view images enabling detection of CRC lesions and margins; increased signal intensity and improved signal-to-noise ratios can increase both speed and sensitivity of cancer detection. For this purpose, we developed targeted near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent silica nanoparticles (FSNs). We tuned their size to 50-200 nm and conjugated their surface with an antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) to prepare CEA-FSNs. The physicochemical properties and biodegradable profiles of CEA-FSN were characterized, and molecular targeting was verified in culture using HT29 (CEA positive) and HCT116 (CEA negative) cells. CEA-FSNs bound to the HT29 cells to a greater extent than to the HCT116 cells, and smaller CEA-FSNs were internalized into HT29 cells more efficiently than larger CEA-FSNs. After intravenous administration of CEA-FSNs, a significantly greater signal was observed from the CEA-positive HT29 than the CEA-negative HCT116 tumors in xenografted mice. In F344-PIRC rats, polyps in the intestine were detected by white-light endoscopy, and NIR fluorescent signals were found in the excised intestinal tissue after topical application of CEA-FSNs. Immunofluorescence imaging of excised tissue sections demonstrated that the particle signals coregistered with signals for both CRC and CEA. These results indicate that CEA-FSNs have potential as a molecular imaging marker for early diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seock-Jin Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Kay Hadrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Md Nafiujjaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Meghan L Hill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79902, United States
| | - Christopher H Contag
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics and Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Taeho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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7
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Sebastian KN, Lucidi CA, Scott MA. Characterization of blue-green blood leukocyte inclusions and accompanying clinical, hematologic, and serum biochemical changes in dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 2024. [PMID: 38570895 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipofuscin-like cytoplasmic inclusions have been reported in human blood neutrophils and monocytes but have not been described in dogs. In people, these "green granules of death" have been associated with moderate to severe hepatocellular injury and high mortality. OBJECTIVES To describe clinicopathologic abnormalities, diagnoses, and outcomes of dogs with greenish inclusions in blood neutrophils or monocytes, and to determine if the inclusions have features of lipofuscin. METHODS Clinical cases were identified prospectively through routine evaluation of CBC samples. Leukocyte inclusions were characterized with routine staining and assessed for iron and autofluorescence. Additional cases were identified by examination of archived blood smears from dogs meeting search criteria for hepatocellular injury, and clinicopathologic findings were recorded. RESULTS All 7 prospectively identified dogs with inclusions had inflammation and moderate to marked increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, as did the 4 dogs identified from the 97 meeting retrospective search criteria. The inclusions were Prussian blue-negative (5/5) with broad-spectrum autofluorescence (5/5) and the appearance of lipofuscin with and without Wright staining. Most clinical diagnoses involved hepatic disorders (5/7 prospective and 3/4 retrospective cases) or pancreatitis (3/7 prospective and 2/4 retrospective cases), and some involved both; 8 of 11 dogs died within 7 days of admission. CONCLUSIONS Blue-green cytoplasmic inclusions uncommonly found in blood neutrophils ± monocytes of routine canine blood smears have stained and unstained properties of lipofuscin and suggest the presence of hepatocellular injury, often severe. Reporting these inclusions is recommended to guide clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley N Sebastian
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Cynthia A Lucidi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael A Scott
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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8
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Fang N, Wu Z, Su X, Chen R, Shi L, Feng Y, Huang Y, Zhang X, Li L, Zheng L, Hu L, Kang D, Wang X, Chen J. Computer-Aided Multiphoton Microscopy Diagnosis of 5 Different Primary Architecture Subtypes of Meningiomas. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100324. [PMID: 38220044 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas rank among the most common intracranial tumors, and surgery stands as the primary treatment modality for meningiomas. The precise subtyping and diagnosis of meningiomas, both before and during surgery, play a pivotal role in enabling neurosurgeons choose the optimal surgical program. In this study, we utilized multiphoton microscopy (MPM) based on 2-photon excited fluorescence and second-harmonic generation to identify 5 common meningioma subtypes. The morphological features of these subtypes were depicted using the MPM multichannel mode. Additionally, we developed 2 distinct programs to quantify collagen content and blood vessel density. Furthermore, the lambda mode of the MPM characterized architectural and spectral features, from which 3 quantitative indicators were extracted. Moreover, we employed machine learning to differentiate meningioma subtypes automatically, achieving high classification accuracy. These findings demonstrate the potential of MPM as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for meningioma subtyping and diagnosis, offering improved accuracy and resolution compared with traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Fang
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zanyi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Su
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linjing Shi
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanzhen Feng
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lianhuang Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liqin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liwen Hu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dezhi Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Xingfu Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
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9
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Iyer RR, Sorrells JE, Tan KKD, Yang L, Wang G, Tu H, Boppart SA. Analog multiplexing of a laser clock and computational photon counting for fast fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2024; 15:2048-2062. [PMID: 38633095 PMCID: PMC11019682 DOI: 10.1364/boe.514813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The dynamic range and fluctuations of fluorescence intensities and lifetimes in biological samples are large, demanding fast, precise, and versatile techniques. Among the high-speed fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) techniques, directly sampling the output of analog single-photon detectors at GHz rates combined with computational photon counting can handle a larger range of photon rates. Traditionally, the laser clock is not sampled explicitly in fast FLIM; rather the detection is synchronized to the laser clock so that the excitation pulse train can be inferred from the cumulative photon statistics of several pixels. This has two disadvantages for sparse or weakly fluorescent samples: inconsistencies in inferring the laser clock within a frame and inaccuracies in aligning the decay curves from different frames for averaging. The data throughput is also very inefficient in systems with repetition rates much larger than the fluorescence lifetime due to significant silent regions where no photons are expected. We present a method for registering the photon arrival times to the excitation using time-domain multiplexing for fast FLIM. The laser clock is multiplexed with photocurrents into the silent region. Our technique does not add to the existing data bottleneck, has the sub-nanosecond dead time of computational photon counting based fast FLIM, works with various detectors, lasers, and electronics, and eliminates the errors in lifetime estimation in photon-starved conditions. We demonstrate this concept on two multiphoton setups of different laser repetition rates for single and multichannel FLIM multiplexed into a single digitizer channel for real-time imaging of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishyashring R. Iyer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Janet E. Sorrells
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kevin K. D. Tan
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lingxiao Yang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Geng Wang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Haohua Tu
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- P41 Center for Label-free Imaging and Multiscale Biophotonics (CLIMB), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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10
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Badawi S, Leboullenger C, Chourrout M, Gouriou Y, Paccalet A, Pillot B, Augeul L, Bolbos R, Bongiovani A, Mewton N, Bochaton T, Ovize M, Tardivel M, Kurdi M, Canet-Soulas E, Da Silva CC, Bidaux G. Oxidation-reduction imaging of myoglobin reveals two-phase oxidation in the reperfused myocardium. Basic Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00395-024-01040-6. [PMID: 38499702 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious acute cardiovascular syndrome that causes myocardial injury due to blood flow obstruction to a specific myocardial area. Under ischemic-reperfusion settings, a burst of reactive oxygen species is generated, leading to redox imbalance that could be attributed to several molecules, including myoglobin. Myoglobin is dynamic and exhibits various oxidation-reduction states that have been an early subject of attention in the food industry, specifically for meat consumers. However, rarely if ever have the myoglobin optical properties been used to measure the severity of MI. In the current study, we develop a novel imaging pipeline that integrates tissue clearing, confocal and light sheet fluorescence microscopy, combined with imaging analysis, and processing tools to investigate and characterize the oxidation-reduction states of myoglobin in the ischemic area of the cleared myocardium post-MI. Using spectral imaging, we have characterized the endogenous fluorescence of the myocardium and demonstrated that it is partly composed by fluorescence of myoglobin. Under ischemia-reperfusion experimental settings, we report that the infarcted myocardium spectral signature is similar to that of oxidized myoglobin signal that peaks 3 h post-reperfusion and decreases with cardioprotection. The infarct size assessed by oxidation-reduction imaging at 3 h post-reperfusion was correlated to the one estimated with late gadolinium enhancement MRI at 24 h post-reperfusion. In conclusion, this original work suggests that the redox state of myoglobin can be used as a promising imaging biomarker for characterizing and estimating the size of the MI during early phases of reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Badawi
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69550, Bron, France
- Groupement Hospitalier EST, Département de Cardiologie, IHU-OPERA, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bâtiment B13, 69500, Bron, France
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Clémence Leboullenger
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41-UAR 2014-PLBS, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Matthieu Chourrout
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69550, Bron, France
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, BIORAN, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Yves Gouriou
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69550, Bron, France
- Groupement Hospitalier EST, Département de Cardiologie, IHU-OPERA, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bâtiment B13, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Alexandre Paccalet
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69550, Bron, France
- Groupement Hospitalier EST, Département de Cardiologie, IHU-OPERA, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bâtiment B13, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Bruno Pillot
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69550, Bron, France
- Groupement Hospitalier EST, Département de Cardiologie, IHU-OPERA, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bâtiment B13, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Lionel Augeul
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69550, Bron, France
- Groupement Hospitalier EST, Département de Cardiologie, IHU-OPERA, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bâtiment B13, 69500, Bron, France
| | | | - Antonino Bongiovani
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41-UAR 2014-PLBS, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Nathan Mewton
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69550, Bron, France
- Groupement Hospitalier EST, Département de Cardiologie, IHU-OPERA, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bâtiment B13, 69500, Bron, France
- Centre d'investigation Clinique de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Thomas Bochaton
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69550, Bron, France
- Groupement Hospitalier EST, Département de Cardiologie, IHU-OPERA, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bâtiment B13, 69500, Bron, France
- Unité de Soins Intensifs Cardiologiques, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Michel Ovize
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69550, Bron, France
- Groupement Hospitalier EST, Département de Cardiologie, IHU-OPERA, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bâtiment B13, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Meryem Tardivel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41-UAR 2014-PLBS, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Mazen Kurdi
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69550, Bron, France
- Groupement Hospitalier EST, Département de Cardiologie, IHU-OPERA, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bâtiment B13, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Claire Crola Da Silva
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69550, Bron, France
- Groupement Hospitalier EST, Département de Cardiologie, IHU-OPERA, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bâtiment B13, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Gabriel Bidaux
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69550, Bron, France.
- Groupement Hospitalier EST, Département de Cardiologie, IHU-OPERA, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bâtiment B13, 69500, Bron, France.
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11
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Wang G, Li L, Liao X, Wang S, Mitchell J, Rabel C, Luo S, Shi J, Sorrells JE, Iyer RR, Aksamitiene E, Renteria CA, Chaney EJ, Milner DJ, Wheeler MB, Gillette MU, Schwing A, Chen J, Tu H. Supercontinuum intrinsic fluorescence imaging heralds free view of living systems. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.26.577383. [PMID: 38328159 PMCID: PMC10849662 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Optimal imaging strategies remain underdeveloped to maximize information for fluorescence microscopy while minimizing the harm to fragile living systems. Taking hint from the supercontinuum generation in ultrafast laser physics, we generated supercontinuum fluorescence from untreated unlabeled live samples before nonlinear photodamage onset. Our imaging achieved high-content cell phenotyping and tissue histology, identified bovine embryo polarization, quantified aging-related stress across cell types and species, demystified embryogenesis before and after implantation, sensed drug cytotoxicity in real-time, scanned brain area for targeted patching, optimized machine learning to track small moving organisms, induced two-photon phototropism of leaf chloroplasts under two-photon photosynthesis, unraveled microscopic origin of autumn colors, and interrogated intestinal microbiome. The results enable a facility-type microscope to freely explore vital molecular biology across life sciences.
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12
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McCoy R, Oldroyd S, Yang W, Wang K, Hoven D, Bulmer D, Zilbauer M, Owens RM. In Vitro Models for Investigating Intestinal Host-Pathogen Interactions. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2306727. [PMID: 38155358 PMCID: PMC10885678 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as a major threat worldwide due to the rise of antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of novel pathogens. In vitro models that can adequately mimic in vivo gastrointestinal physiology are in high demand to elucidate mechanisms behind pathogen infectivity, and to aid the design of effective preventive and therapeutic interventions. There exists a trade-off between simple and high throughput models and those that are more complex and physiologically relevant. The complexity of the model used shall be guided by the biological question to be addressed. This review provides an overview of the structure and function of the intestine and the models that are developed to emulate this. Conventional models are discussed in addition to emerging models which employ engineering principles to equip them with necessary advanced monitoring capabilities for intestinal host-pathogen interrogation. Limitations of current models and future perspectives on the field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece McCoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Sophie Oldroyd
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Woojin Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Kaixin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Darius Hoven
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - David Bulmer
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1PDUK
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Róisín M. Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
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13
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Adams AC, Kufcsák A, Lochenie C, Khadem M, Akram AR, Dhaliwal K, Seth S. Fibre-optic based exploration of lung cancer autofluorescence using spectral fluorescence lifetime. Biomed Opt Express 2024; 15:1132-1147. [PMID: 38404342 PMCID: PMC10890895 DOI: 10.1364/boe.515609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Fibre-optic based time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRFS) is an advanced spectroscopy technique that generates sample-specific spectral-temporal signature, characterising variations in fluorescence in real-time. As such, it can be used to interrogate tissue autofluorescence. Recent advancements in TRFS technology, including the development of devices that simultaneously measure high-resolution spectral and temporal fluorescence, paired with novel analysis methods extracting information from these multidimensional measurements effectively, provide additional insight into the underlying autofluorescence features of a sample. This study demonstrates, using both simulated data and endogenous fluorophores measured bench-side, that the shape of the spectral fluorescence lifetime, or fluorescence lifetimes estimated over high-resolution spectral channels across a broad range, is influenced by the relative abundance of underlying fluorophores in mixed systems and their respective environment. This study, furthermore, explores the properties of the spectral fluorescence lifetime in paired lung tissue deemed either abnormal or normal by pathologists. We observe that, on average, the shape of the spectral fluorescence lifetime at multiple locations sampled on 14 abnormal lung tissue, compared to multiple locations sampled on the respective paired normal lung tissue, shows more variability; and, while not statistically significant, the average spectral fluorescence lifetime in abnormal tissue is consistently lower over every wavelength than the normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Adams
- Translational Healthcare Technology Group, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 5 Little France Dr, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - András Kufcsák
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Charles Lochenie
- Translational Healthcare Technology Group, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 5 Little France Dr, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Mohsen Khadem
- Translational Healthcare Technology Group, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 5 Little France Dr, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK
| | - Ahsan R. Akram
- Translational Healthcare Technology Group, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 5 Little France Dr, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Kevin Dhaliwal
- Translational Healthcare Technology Group, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 5 Little France Dr, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sohan Seth
- Translational Healthcare Technology Group, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 5 Little France Dr, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK
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14
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De la Cadena A, Park J, Tehrani KF, Renteria CA, Monroy GL, Boppart SA. Simultaneous label-free autofluorescence multi-harmonic microscopy driven by the supercontinuum generated from a bulk nonlinear crystal. Biomed Opt Express 2024; 15:491-505. [PMID: 38404303 PMCID: PMC10890845 DOI: 10.1364/boe.504832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Nonlinear microscopy encompasses several imaging techniques that leverage laser technology to probe intrinsic molecules of biological specimens. These native molecules produce optical fingerprints that allow nonlinear microscopes to reveal the chemical composition and structure of cells and tissues in a label-free and non-destructive fashion, information that enables a plethora of applications, e.g., real-time digital histopathology or image-guided surgery. Because state-of-the-art lasers exhibit either a limited bandwidth or reduced wavelength tunability, nonlinear microscopes lack the spectral support to probe different biomolecules simultaneously, thus losing analytical potential. Therefore, a conventional nonlinear microscope requires multiple or tunable lasers to individually excite endogenous molecules, increasing both the cost and complexity of the system. A solution to this problem is supercontinuum generation, a nonlinear optical phenomenon that supplies broadband femtosecond radiation, granting a wide spectrum for concurrent molecular excitation. This study introduces a source for nonlinear multiphoton microscopy based on the supercontinuum generation from a yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal, an approach that allows simultaneous label-free autofluorescence multi-harmonic imaging of biological samples and offers a practical and compact alternative for the clinical translation of nonlinear microscopy. While this supercontinuum covered the visible spectrum (550-900 nm) and the near-infrared region (950-1200 nm), the pulses within 1030-1150 nm produced label-free volumetric chemical images of ex vivo chinchilla kidney, thus validating the supercontinuum from bulk crystals as a powerful source for multimodal nonlinear microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro De la Cadena
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jaena Park
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kayvan F. Tehrani
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Carlos A. Renteria
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Guillermo L. Monroy
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- NIH/NIBIB Center for Label-free Imaging and Multiscale Biophotonics (CLIMB), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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15
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McNeil C, Wong PF, Sridhar N, Wang Y, Santori C, Wu CH, Homyk A, Gutierrez M, Behrooz A, Tiniakos D, Burt AD, Pai RK, Tekiela K, Patel H, Cameron Chen PH, Fischer L, Martins EB, Seyedkazemi S, Freedman D, Kim CC, Cimermancic P. An End-to-End Platform for Digital Pathology Using Hyperspectral Autofluorescence Microscopy and Deep Learning-Based Virtual Histology. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100377. [PMID: 37926422 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Conventional histopathology involves expensive and labor-intensive processes that often consume tissue samples, rendering them unavailable for other analyses. We present a novel end-to-end workflow for pathology powered by hyperspectral microscopy and deep learning. First, we developed a custom hyperspectral microscope to nondestructively image the autofluorescence of unstained tissue sections. We then trained a deep learning model to use autofluorescence to generate virtual histologic stains, which avoids the cost and variability of chemical staining procedures and conserves tissue samples. We showed that the virtual images reproduce the histologic features present in the real-stained images using a randomized nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) scoring comparison study, where both real and virtual stains are scored by pathologists (D.T., A.D.B., R.K.P.). The test showed moderate-to-good concordance between pathologists' scoring on corresponding real and virtual stains. Finally, we developed deep learning-based models for automated NASH Clinical Research Network score prediction. We showed that the end-to-end automated pathology platform is comparable with an independent panel of pathologists for NASH Clinical Research Network scoring when evaluated against the expert pathologist consensus scores. This study provides proof of concept for this virtual staining strategy, which could improve cost, efficiency, and reliability in pathology and enable novel approaches to spatial biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson McNeil
- Verily Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California.
| | - Pok Fai Wong
- Verily Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Yang Wang
- Verily Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Cheng-Hsun Wu
- Verily Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew Homyk
- Verily Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Ali Behrooz
- Verily Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Hardik Patel
- Verily Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles C Kim
- Verily Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
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16
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Gautheron A, Bernstock JD, Picart T, Guyotat J, Valdés PA, Montcel B. 5-ALA induced PpIX fluorescence spectroscopy in neurosurgery: a review. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1310282. [PMID: 38348134 PMCID: PMC10859467 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1310282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The review begins with an overview of the fundamental principles/physics underlying light, fluorescence, and other light-matter interactions in biological tissues. It then focuses on 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence spectroscopy methods used in neurosurgery (e.g., intensity, time-resolved) and in so doing, describe their specific features (e.g., hardware requirements, main processing methods) as well as their strengths and limitations. Finally, we review current clinical applications and future directions of 5-ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence spectroscopy in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gautheron
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, Saint-Étienne, France
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1294, Lyon, France
| | - J. D. Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - T. Picart
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology and Vascular Neurosurgery, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - J. Guyotat
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology and Vascular Neurosurgery, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - P. A. Valdés
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - B. Montcel
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1294, Lyon, France
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17
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Rabbani R, Najafiaghdam H, Roschelle M, Papageorgiou EP, Zhao BR, Ghanbari MM, Muller R, Stojanovic V, Anwar M. Towards A Wireless Image Sensor for Real-Time Fluorescence Microscopy in Cancer Therapy. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.03.569779. [PMID: 38106190 PMCID: PMC10723303 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.03.569779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
We present a mm-sized, ultrasonically powered lensless CMOS image sensor as a progress towards wireless fluorescence microscopy. Access to biological information within the tissue has the potential to provide insights guiding diagnosis and treatment across numerous medical conditions including cancer therapy. This information, in conjunction with current clinical imaging techniques that have limitations in obtaining images continuously and lack wireless compatibility, can improve continual detection of multicell clusters deep within tissue. The proposed platform incorporates a 2.4×4.7 mm2 integrated circuit (IC) fabricated in TSMC 0.18 μm, a micro laser diode (μLD), a single piezoceramic and off-chip storage capacitors. The IC consists of a 36×40 array of capacitive trans-impedance amplifier-based pixels, wireless power management and communication via ultrasound and a laser driver all controlled by a Finite State Machine. The piezoceramic harvests energy from the acoustic waves at a depth of 2 cm to power up the IC and transfer 11.5 kbits/frame via backscattering. During Charge-Up, the off-chip capacitor stores charge to later supply a high-power 78 mW μLD during Imaging. Proof of concept of the imaging front end is shown by imaging distributions of CD8 T-cells, an indicator of the immune response to cancer, ex vivo, in the lymph nodes of a functional immune system (BL6 mice) against colorectal cancer consistent with the results of a fluorescence microscope. The overall system performance is verified by detecting 140 μm features on a USAF resolution target with 32 ms exposure time and 389 ms ultrasound backscattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozhan Rabbani
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Hossein Najafiaghdam
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Micah Roschelle
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Efthymios Philip Papageorgiou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Biqi Rebekah Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Mohammad Meraj Ghanbari
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Rikky Muller
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Vladimir Stojanovic
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Mekhail Anwar
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
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18
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Yang E, Shen XE, West‐Foyle H, Hahm T, Siegler MA, Brown DR, Johnson CC, Kim JH, Roker LA, Tressler CM, Barman I, Kuo SC, Glunde K. FluoMALDI Microscopy: Matrix Co-Crystallization Simultaneously Enhances Fluorescence and MALDI Imaging. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2304343. [PMID: 37908150 PMCID: PMC10724403 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Here, the authors report that co-crystallization of fluorophores with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging matrices significantly enhances fluorophore brightness up to 79-fold, enabling the amplification of innate tissue autofluorescence. This discovery facilitates FluoMALDI, the imaging of the same biological sample by both fluorescence microscopy and MALDI imaging. The approach combines the high spatial resolution and specific labeling capabilities of fluorescence microscopy with the inherently multiplexed, versatile imaging capabilities of MALDI imaging. This new paradigm simplifies registration by avoiding physical changes between fluorescence and MALDI imaging, allowing to image the exact same cells in tissues with both modalities. Matrix-fluorophore co-crystallization also facilitates applications with insufficient fluorescence brightness. The authors demonstrate feasibility of FluoMALDI imaging with endogenous and exogenous fluorophores and autofluorescence-based FluoMALDI of brain and kidney tissue sections. FluoMALDI will advance structural-functional microscopic imaging in cell biology, biomedicine, and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Yang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA
- Applied Imaging Mass Spectrometry CoreJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA
| | - Xinyi Elaine Shen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA
- Applied Imaging Mass Spectrometry CoreJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA
| | - Hoku West‐Foyle
- Microscope FacilityJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
- Department of Cell BiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Tae‐Hun Hahm
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA
- Applied Imaging Mass Spectrometry CoreJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA
| | | | - Dalton R. Brown
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA
- Applied Imaging Mass Spectrometry CoreJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA
| | - Cole C. Johnson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA
- Applied Imaging Mass Spectrometry CoreJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - LaToya Ann Roker
- Microscope FacilityJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
- Department of Cell BiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Caitlin M. Tressler
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA
- Applied Imaging Mass Spectrometry CoreJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA
| | - Ishan Barman
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CancerJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21231USA
| | - Scot C. Kuo
- Microscope FacilityJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
- Department of Cell BiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA
- Applied Imaging Mass Spectrometry CoreJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CancerJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21231USA
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
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19
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Pace-Asciak P, Russell J, Solorzano C, Berber E, Singer M, Shaha AR, Khafif A, Angelos P, Nixon I, Tufano RP. The utility of parathyroid autofluorescence as an adjunct in thyroid and parathyroid surgery 2023. Head Neck 2023; 45:3157-3167. [PMID: 37807364 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid and parathyroid surgery requires careful dissection around the vascular pedicle of the parathyroid glands to avoid excessive manipulation of the tissues. If the blood supply to the parathyroid glands is disrupted, or the glands are inadvertently removed, temporary and/or permanent hypocalcemia can occur, requiring post-operative exogenous calcium and vitamin D analogues to maintain stable levels. This can have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients, particularly if it results in permanent hypocalcemia. For over a decade, parathyroid tissue has been noted to have unique intrinsic properties known as "fluorophores," which fluoresce when excited by an external light source. As a result, parathyroid autofluorescence has emerged as an intra-operative technique to help with identification of parathyroid glands and to supplement direct visualization during thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. Due to the growing body of literature surrounding Near Infrared Autofluorescence (NIRAF), we sought to review the value of using autofluorescence technology for parathyroid detection during thyroid and parathyroid surgery. A literature review of parathyroid autofluorescence was performed using PubMED. Based on the reviewed literature and expert surgeons' opinions who have used this technology, recommendations were made. We discuss the current available technologies (image vs. probe approach) as well as their limitations. We also capture the opinions and recommendations of international high-volume endocrine surgeons and whether this technology is of value as an intraoperative adjunct. The utility and value of this technology seems promising and needs to be further defined in different scenarios involving surgeon experience and different patient populations and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pace-Asciak
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Russell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - C Solorzano
- Department of Surgery-Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - E Berber
- Department of Surgery-Division of Endocrine and Robotics, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
| | - M Singer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Henry Ford Cancer Institute, West, Michigan, USA
| | - A R Shaha
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - A Khafif
- A.R.M. Center of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Assuta Medical Center, Affiliated with BenGurion University of the Negev, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - P Angelos
- Department of Surgery-Division of Endocrine Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - I Nixon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R P Tufano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sarasota Memorial Health Care System Multidisciplinary Thyroid and Parathyroid Center, Florida, USA
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20
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Mikosiński J, Mikosiński P, Kwapisz A, Katarzynska J, Gebicki J. Conclusions from an Observational Study of Patients with Vascular Diseases Using the FMSF Technique. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2023; 19:755-764. [PMID: 38025516 PMCID: PMC10676726 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s442344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose There is great demand for a diagnostic tool for non-invasive assessment of vascular circulation and metabolic regulation. Assessing both these functions is crucial, as each can have a distinct response to hypoxia. Patients and Methods The Flow Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF) technique appears uniquely suitable for analysis of vascular circulation and metabolic regulation. In this observational study, the FMSF technique was used to diagnose patients with various vascular diseases. The study group consisted of 482 patients (264 females and 218 males) between the ages of 40-94 years with various vascular problems (arterial hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and chronic venous disease). Results Three major FMSF parameters were used: Ischemic Response (IRmax), Hyperemic Response (HRmax), and Reactive Hyperemia Response (RHR). All three parameters were found to decrease with age with a distinguishable kinetics. The IRmax parameter was used for characterization of metabolic reaction to transient hypoxia and HRmax was used for characterization of macrocirculatory function. Both were sex-dependent. Conclusion Females were metabolically less adaptive to transient hypoxia than males. However, macrocirculatory function was better in females than among males. Microcirculatory function decreases gradually with age, while macrocirculatory function decreases much more slowly with age, with a tendency to stabilize after 70 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jerzy Gebicki
- Angionica Ltd, Lodz, Poland
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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21
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Stillman JM, Mendes Lopes F, Lin JP, Hu K, Reich DS, Schafer DP. Lipofuscin-like autofluorescence within microglia and its impact on studying microglial engulfment. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7060. [PMID: 37923732 PMCID: PMC10624656 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Engulfment of cellular material and proteins is a key function for microglia, a resident macrophage of the central nervous system (CNS). Among the techniques used to measure microglial engulfment, confocal light microscopy has been used the most extensively. Here, we show that autofluorescence (AF) likely due to lipofuscin (lipo-AF) and typically associated with aging, can also be detected within microglial lysosomes in the young mouse brain by light microscopy. This lipo-AF signal accumulates first within microglia and it occurs earliest in white versus gray matter. Importantly, in gray matter, lipo-AF signal can confound the interpretation of antibody-labeled synaptic material within microglia in young adult mice. We further show that there is an age-dependent accumulation of lipo-AF inside and outside of microglia, which is not affected by amyloid plaques. We finally implement a robust and cost-effective strategy to quench AF in mouse, marmoset, and human brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Stillman
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- University of Massachusetts Chan Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Program, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Francisco Mendes Lopes
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jing-Ping Lin
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Hu
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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22
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Roversi FM, Bueno MLP, da Silva JAF, Assis-Mendonça GR, Saad STO. Optimized multiplex immunofluorescence for the characterization of tumor immune microenvironment in neoplastic paraffin-preserved tissues. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:1055-1065. [PMID: 37191838 PMCID: PMC10409948 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of neoplastic cells enabled the discovery of important tumor-related biomarkers which resulted in new forms of early diagnosis, therapeutic options, and prognostic markers. Thus, immunofluorescence (IF), a high throughput imaging technology, represents a valuable method that enables the virtual characterization and localization of diverse cell types and targets, preserving tissue architecture and spatial surroundings. IF staining and analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are considered a challenge due to several difficulties, such as tissue autofluorescence, non-specific antibody binding, and image acquisition and quality. This study aimed to develop a multiplex-fluorescence staining technique with high-contrast and high-quality multiple-color images to enrich the investigation of important biomarkers. We present a robust optimized multiple-immunofluorescence procedure that reduced sample autofluorescence, enabled the use of simultaneous antibodies on the same sample, and showed super-resolution imaging through precise antigen localization. We illustrated the utility of this powerful method in FFPE neoplastic appendix, lymph node and bone marrow biopsies, and a 3D-coculture system, in which cells are enabled to grow and interact with their surroundings in all 3D dimensions. Our optimized multiple-immunofluorescence method represents a powerful tool for better understanding the complexity of tumor cells, characterizing cell populations and spatial localization, revealing predictive and prognostic biomarkers, and identifying immunologic phenotypes in a single and limited sample. This valuable IF protocol successfully enables tumor microenvironment profiling that could contribute to the study of cellular crosstalk and the niche, and to the identification of predictive biomarkers for neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Marconi Roversi
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Rua Carlos Chagas, 480 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo Campinas, São Paulo, CEP: 13083-878, Brazil.
- Department of Surgery Division of Transplantation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Maura Lima Pereira Bueno
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Rua Carlos Chagas, 480 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo Campinas, São Paulo, CEP: 13083-878, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Rua Carlos Chagas, 480 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo Campinas, São Paulo, CEP: 13083-878, Brazil
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Shadiow J, Miranda ER, Perkins RK, Mazo CE, Lin Z, Lewis KN, Mey JT, Solomon TPJ, Haus JM. Exercise-induced changes to the fiber type-specific redox state in human skeletal muscle are associated with aerobic capacity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:508-518. [PMID: 37471216 PMCID: PMC10538995 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00662.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of exercise involve skeletal muscle redox state alterations of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). We determined the fiber-specific effects of acute exercise on the skeletal muscle redox state in healthy adults. Muscle biopsies were obtained from 19 participants (11 M, 8 F; 26 ± 4 yr) at baseline (fasted) and 30 min and 3 h after treadmill exercise at 80% maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max). Muscle samples were probed for autofluorescence of NADH (excitation at 340-360 nm) and oxidized flavoproteins (Fp; excitation at 440-470 nm) and subsequently, fiber typed to quantify the redox signatures of individual muscle fibers. Redox state was calculated as the oxidation-to-reduction redox ratio: Fp/(Fp + NADH). At baseline, pair-wise comparisons revealed that the redox ratio of myosin heavy chain (MHC) I fibers was 7.2% higher than MHC IIa (P = 0.023, 95% CI: 5.2, 9.2%) and the redox ratio of MHC IIa was 8.0% higher than MHC IIx (P = 0.035, 95% CI: 6.8, 9.2%). MHC I fibers also displayed greater NADH intensity than MHC IIx (P = 0.007) and greater Fp intensity than both MHC IIa (P = 0.019) and MHC IIx (P < 0.0001). Fp intensities increased in all fiber types (main effect, P = 0.039) but redox ratios did not change (main effect, P = 0.483) 30 min after exercise. The change in redox ratio was positively correlated with capillary density in MHC I (rho = 0.762, P = 0.037), MHC IIa fibers (rho = 0.881, P = 0.007), and modestly in MHC IIx fibers (rho = 0. 771, P = 0.103). These findings support the use of redox autofluorescence to interrogate skeletal muscle metabolism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to use autofluorescent imaging to describe differential redox states within human skeletal muscle fiber types with exercise. Our findings highlight an easy and efficacious technique for assessing skeletal muscle redox in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Shadiow
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Edwin R Miranda
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Ryan K Perkins
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Corey E Mazo
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Zhen Lin
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Kendell N Lewis
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Jacob T Mey
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | | | - Jacob M Haus
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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Mendonsa AA, Soeldner CC, Mudd NE, Saccomano SC, Cash KJ. Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion-Based Oxygen Sensors to Overcome the Limitation of Autofluorescence. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3043-3050. [PMID: 37540503 PMCID: PMC10566256 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Autofluorescence is one of the many challenges in bioimaging as it can mask the emission from fluorescent probes or markers, a limitation that can be overcome via upconversion. Herein, we have developed a nanosensor that uses triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion to optically report changes in the dissolved oxygen concentration. Using a sensitizer-annihilator dye pairing of platinum(II) octaethylporphyrin and 9,10-diphenylanthracene, we monitored the oxygen consumption (as a proxy for metabolic activity) over time in a biological system─Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewing yeast). The nanosensor demonstrated good reversibility over multiple cycles and showed good signal and colloidal stability when tested over the course of 7 days, and it was sensitive to dissolved oxygen from 0.00 to 3.17 mg/L O2. Additionally, there was no signal overlap between the nanosensor emission and S. cerevisiae autofluorescence, thus underscoring the utility of upconversion as a facile and economical means of overcoming autofluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian A. Mendonsa
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Cassandra C. Soeldner
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Natalie E. Mudd
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Samuel C. Saccomano
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kevin J. Cash
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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25
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Mito D, Eda H, Okihara SI, Kurita M, Hatayama N, Yoshino Y, Watanabe Y, Ishii K. Optimizing Excitation Light for Accurate Rapid Bacterial Species Identification with Autofluorescence. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03383-0. [PMID: 37597134 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Rapid identification of bacterial species in patient samples is essential for the treatment of infectious diseases and the economics of health care. In this study, we investigated an algorithm to improve the accuracy of bacterial species identification with fluorescence spectroscopy based on autofluorescence from bacteria, and excitation wavelengths suitable for identification. The diagnostic accuracy of each algorithm for ten bacterial species was verified in a machine learning classifier algorithm. The three machine learning algorithms with the highest diagnostic accuracy, extra tree (ET), logistic regression (LR), and multilayer perceptron (MLP), were used to determine the number and wavelength of excitation wavelengths suitable for the diagnosis of bacterial species. The key excitation wavelengths for the diagnosis of bacterial species were 280 nm, 300 nm, 380 nm, and 480 nm, with 280 nm being the most important. The median diagnostic accuracy was equivalent to that of 200 excitation wavelengths when two excitation wavelengths were used for ET and LR, and three excitation wavelengths for MLP. These results demonstrate that there is an optimum wavelength range of excitation wavelengths required for spectroscopic measurement of bacterial autofluorescence for bacterial species identification, and that measurement of only a few wavelengths in this range is sufficient to achieve sufficient accuracy for diagnosis of bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Mito
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Shizuoka, 431-1202, Japan.
- Trauma and Reconstruction Center, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hideo Eda
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Shizuoka, 431-1202, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Okihara
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Shizuoka, 431-1202, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kurita
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nami Hatayama
- School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshino
- School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Watanabe
- Trauma and Reconstruction Center, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Ishii
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Shizuoka, 431-1202, Japan
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26
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Lau SY, Kang M, Hisey CL, Chamley LW. Studying exogenous extracellular vesicle biodistribution by in vivo fluorescence microscopy. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050074. [PMID: 37526034 PMCID: PMC10417515 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound vesicles released from cells that play a crucial role in many physiological processes and pathological mechanisms. As such, there is great interest in their biodistribution. One currently accessible technology to study their fate in vivo involves fluorescent labelling of exogenous EVs followed by whole-animal imaging. Although this is not a new technology, its translation from studying the fate of whole cells to subcellular EVs requires adaptation of the labelling techniques, excess dye removal and a refined experimental design. In this Review, we detail the methods and considerations for using fluorescence in vivo and ex vivo imaging to study the biodistribution of exogenous EVs and their roles in physiology and disease biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sien Yee Lau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Colin L. Hisey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicle Investigations, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lawrence W. Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicle Investigations, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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Ling Z, Han K, Liu W, Hua X, Jia S. Volumetric live-cell autofluorescence imaging using Fourier light-field microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2023; 14:4237-4245. [PMID: 37799690 PMCID: PMC10549745 DOI: 10.1364/boe.495506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces a rapid, volumetric live-cell imaging technique for visualizing autofluorescent sub-cellular structures and their dynamics by employing high-resolution Fourier light-field microscopy. We demonstrated this method by capturing lysosomal autofluorescence in fibroblasts and HeLa cells. Additionally, we conducted multicolor imaging to simultaneously observe lysosomal autofluorescence and fluorescently-labeled organelles such as lysosomes and mitochondria. We further analyzed the data to quantify the interactions between lysosomes and mitochondria. This research lays the foundation for future exploration of native cellular states and functions in three-dimensional environments, effectively reducing photodamage and eliminating the necessity for exogenous labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ling
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Keyi Han
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Wenhao Liu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Xuanwen Hua
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Shu Jia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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28
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Park JYC, King A, Björk V, English BW, Fedintsev A, Ewald CY. Strategic outline of interventions targeting extracellular matrix for promoting healthy longevity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C90-C128. [PMID: 37154490 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00060.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of interlinked proteins outside of cells, is an important component of the human body that helps maintain tissue architecture and cellular homeostasis. As people age, the ECM undergoes changes that can lead to age-related morbidity and mortality. Despite its importance, ECM aging remains understudied in the field of geroscience. In this review, we discuss the core concepts of ECM integrity, outline the age-related challenges and subsequent pathologies and diseases, summarize diagnostic methods detecting a faulty ECM, and provide strategies targeting ECM homeostasis. To conceptualize this, we built a technology research tree to hierarchically visualize possible research sequences for studying ECM aging. This strategic framework will hopefully facilitate the development of future research on interventions to restore ECM integrity, which could potentially lead to the development of new drugs or therapeutic interventions promoting health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Cecilia Park
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Aaron King
- Foresight Institute, San Francisco, California, United States
| | | | - Bradley W English
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Collin Y Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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29
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Yuwen Z, Zeng Q, Ye Q, Zhao Y, Zhu J, Chen K, Liu H, Yang R. A Quencher-Based Blood-Autofluorescence-Suppression Strategy Enables the Quantification of Trace Analytes in Whole Blood. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202302957. [PMID: 37102382 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Precise quantification of trace components in whole blood via fluorescence is of great significance. However, the applicability of current fluorescent probes in whole blood is largely hindered by the strong blood autofluorescence. Here, we proposed a blood autofluorescence-suppressed sensing strategy to develop an activable fluorescent probe for quantification of trace analyte in whole blood. Based on inner filter effect, by screening fluorophores whose absorption overlapped with the emission of blood, a redshift BODIPY quencher with an absorption wavelength ranging from 600-700 nm was selected for its superior quenching efficiency and high brightness. Two 7-nitrobenzo[c] [1,2,5] oxadiazole ether groups were introduced onto the BODIPY skeleton for quenching its fluorescence and the response of H2 S, a gas signal molecule that can hardly be quantified because of its low concentration in whole blood. Such detection system shows a pretty low background signal and high signal-to-back ratio, the probe thus achieved the accurate quantification of endogenous H2 S in 20-fold dilution of whole blood samples, which is the first attempt of quantifying endogenous H2 S in whole blood. Moreover, this autofluorescence-suppressed sensing strategy could be expanded to other trace analytes detection in whole blood, which may accelerate the application of fluorescent probes in clinical blood test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Yuwen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Qiaozhen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yixing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jingxuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, 410005, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Hongwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, 410005, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
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Fan Q, Sun C, Hu B, Wang Q. Recent advances of lanthanide nanomaterials in Tumor NIR fluorescence detection and treatment. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100646. [PMID: 37214552 PMCID: PMC10195989 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lanthanide nanomaterials have garnered significant attention from researchers among the main near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanomaterials due to their excellent chemical and fluorescence stability, narrow emission band, adjustable luminescence color, and long lifetime. In recent years, with the preparation, functional modification, and fluorescence improvement of lanthanide materials, great progress has been made in their application in the biomedical field. This review focuses on the latest progress of lanthanide nanomaterials in tumor diagnosis and treatment, as well as the interaction mechanism between fluorescence and biological tissues. We introduce a set of efficient strategies for improving the fluorescence properties of lanthanide nanomaterials and discuss some representative in-depth research work in detail, showcasing their superiority in early detection of ultra-small tumors, phototherapy, and real-time guidance for surgical resection. However, lanthanide nanomaterials have only realized a portion of their potential in tumor applications so far. Therefore, we discuss promising methods for further improving the performance of lanthanide nanomaterials and their future development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Bingliang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
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Fürtjes G, Reinecke D, von Spreckelsen N, Meißner AK, Rueß D, Timmer M, Freudiger C, Ion-Margineanu A, Khalid F, Watrinet K, Mawrin C, Chmyrov A, Goldbrunner R, Bruns O, Neuschmelting V. Intraoperative microscopic autofluorescence detection and characterization in brain tumors using stimulated Raman histology and two-photon fluorescence. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1146031. [PMID: 37234975 PMCID: PMC10207900 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1146031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The intrinsic autofluorescence of biological tissues interferes with the detection of fluorophores administered for fluorescence guidance, an emerging auxiliary technique in oncological surgery. Yet, autofluorescence of the human brain and its neoplasia is sparsely examined. This study aims to assess autofluorescence of the brain and its neoplasia on a microscopic level by stimulated Raman histology (SRH) combined with two-photon fluorescence. Methods With this experimentally established label-free microscopy technique unprocessed tissue can be imaged and analyzed within minutes and the process is easily incorporated in the surgical workflow. In a prospective observational study, we analyzed 397 SRH and corresponding autofluorescence images of 162 samples from 81 consecutive patients that underwent brain tumor surgery. Small tissue samples were squashed on a slide for imaging. SRH and fluorescence images were acquired with a dual wavelength laser (790 nm and 1020 nm) for excitation. In these images tumor and non-tumor regions were identified by a convolutional neural network that reliably differentiates between tumor, healthy brain tissue and low quality SRH images. The identified areas were used to define regions.of- interests (ROIs) and the mean fluorescence intensity was measured. Results In healthy brain tissue, we found an increased mean autofluorescence signal in the gray (11.86, SD 2.61, n=29) compared to the white matter (5.99, SD 5.14, n=11, p<0.01) and in the cerebrum (11.83, SD 3.29, n=33) versus the cerebellum (2.82, SD 0.93, n=7, p<0.001), respectively. The signal of carcinoma metastases, meningiomas, gliomas and pituitary adenomas was significantly lower (each p<0.05) compared to the autofluorescence in the cerebrum and dura, and significantly higher (each p<0.05) compared to the cerebellum. Melanoma metastases were found to have a higher fluorescent signal (p<0.01) compared to cerebrum and cerebellum. Discussion In conclusion we found that autofluorescence in the brain varies depending on the tissue type and localization and differs significantly among various brain tumors. This needs to be considered for interpreting photon signal during fluorescence-guided brain tumor surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Fürtjes
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - David Reinecke
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Niklas von Spreckelsen
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina Meißner
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Rueß
- Department of Stereotaxy and Functional Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marco Timmer
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Christian Mawrin
- University Hospital Magdeburg, Institute of Neuropathology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andriy Chmyrov
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Roland Goldbrunner
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Bruns
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Neuschmelting
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Garbarino F, Scelfo D, Paulone G, Paganelli A, Ulrici A, Magnoni C, Pasquali L. Comparative study of in-vitro autofluorescence of normal versus non-melanoma-skin-cancer cells at different excitation wavelengths. J Biophotonics 2023; 16:e202200361. [PMID: 36645389 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this experimental study the autofluorescence of squamous carcinoma cells, stimulated by 6 different excitation wavelengths in the range 280-533 nm, has been compared with the autofluorescence of normal control keratinocytes. Skin cells were cultivated in vitro, to isolate their characteristic autofluorescence form the more complex one that would be originated by the complete skin tissue. Autofluorescence spectra in the visible range were complemented by absorption measurements. It was observed that the control cells showed characteristic emission (and absorption) structures due to typical endogenous chromophores [FAD and NAD(P)H, lipo-pigments, porphyrins], that were severely dumped in pathological cells. The autofluorescence spectra were then elaborated by multivariate analysis: after a first exploratory data analysis by means of Principal Component Analysis, the whole dataset was used to develop classification models using partial least squares-discriminant analysis, to differentiate between normal and pathological cells. This permitted us to identify the most suitable fluorescence spectral interval, in the 550-670 nm range, to discriminate between normal and pathological behavior, independently on the excitation wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Garbarino
- Department of Dermatology, Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniel Scelfo
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Paulone
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Paganelli
- Department of Dermatology, Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ulrici
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cristina Magnoni
- Department of Dermatology, Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Pasquali
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- IOM-CNR, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
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Peterson T, Mann S, Sun BL, Peng L, Cai H, Liang R. Motionless volumetric structured light sheet microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2023; 14:2209-2224. [PMID: 37206125 PMCID: PMC10191636 DOI: 10.1364/boe.489280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To meet the increasing need for low-cost, compact imaging technology with cellular resolution, we have developed a microLED-based structured light sheet microscope for three-dimensional ex vivo and in vivo imaging of biological tissue in multiple modalities. All the illumination structure is generated directly at the microLED panel-which serves as the source-so light sheet scanning and modulation is completely digital, yielding a system that is simpler and less prone to error than previously reported methods. Volumetric images with optical sectioning are thus achieved in an inexpensive, compact form factor without any moving parts. We demonstrate the unique properties and general applicability of our technique by ex vivo imaging of porcine and murine tissue from the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Peterson
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Shivani Mann
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Belinda L. Sun
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Leilei Peng
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Haijiang Cai
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Rongguang Liang
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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He D, Li T, Yang X, Xu Y, Sun H. Sudan Black B treatment for reducing autofluorescence in human glioma tissue and improving fluorescent signals of bacterial LPS staining. J Biophotonics 2023; 16:e202200357. [PMID: 36633394 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The 3D visualization based on tissue clearing technology allows us to have a deeper understanding of the 3D spatial information of deep molecules in the tissue. Tissue clearing and bacterial labeling methods have been used for in situ 3D microbiota imaging, and we have developed a pipeline for 3D visualization of in situ microbiota in human gliomas. Anti-LPS antibodies are appropriate to label and characterize bacteria in situ within tumors. However, autofluorescence (AF) is common in biological tissues, especially in brain tissues filled with lipofuscin-like (LF) substances. This natural fluorescent signal is usually considered to be a problem because it affects the 3D visualization of fluorescent signals in bacterial LPS staining. Here, we used Sudan Black B (SBB) to mask the AF of human glioma tissue and explored in detail the optimal quencher concentration, which allows 3D visualization of intratumoral bacteria to reduce AF and maintain the intensity of intratumoral bacteria-specific LPS fluorescent signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian He
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodu Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Lim SY, Yoon HM, Kook MC, Jang JI, So PTC, Kang JW, Kim HM. Stomach tissue classification using autofluorescence spectroscopy and machine learning. Surg Endosc 2023:10.1007/s00464-023-10053-6. [PMID: 37055665 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Determination of stomach tumor location and invasion depth requires delineation of gastric histological structure, which has hitherto been widely accomplished by histochemical staining. In recent years, alternative histochemical evaluation methods have been pursued to accelerate intraoperative diagnosis, often by bypassing the time-consuming step of dyeing. Owing to strong endogenous signals from coenzymes, metabolites, and proteins, autofluorescence spectroscopy is a favorable candidate technique to achieve this aim. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated stomach tissue slices and block specimens using a fast fluorescence imaging scanner. To obtain histological information from broad and structureless fluorescence spectra, we analyzed tens of thousands of spectra with multiple machine-learning algorithms and built a tissue classification model trained with dissected gastric tissues. RESULTS A machine-learning-based spectro-histological model was built based on the autofluorescence spectra measured from stomach tissue samples with delineated and validated histological structures. The scores from a principal components analysis were employed as input features, and prediction accuracy was confirmed to be 92.0%, 90.1%, and 91.4% for mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis propria, respectively. We investigated the tissue samples in both sliced and block forms using a fast fluorescence imaging scanner. CONCLUSION We successfully demonstrated differentiation of multiple tissue layers of well-defined specimens with the guidance of a histologist. Our spectro-histology classification model is applicable to histological prediction for both tissue blocks and slices, even though only sliced samples were trained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeong Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Man Yoon
- Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Cherl Kook
- Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Il Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter T C So
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeon Woong Kang
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Hyung Min Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Anbunesan SN, Alfonso-Garcia A, Zhou X, Bec J, Lee HS, Jin LW, Bloch O, Marcu L. Intraoperative detection of IDH-mutant glioma using fluorescence lifetime imaging. J Biophotonics 2023; 16:e202200291. [PMID: 36510639 PMCID: PMC10522274 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Identifying isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutation and glioma subtype during surgery instead of days later can aid in modifying tumor resection strategies for better survival outcomes. We report intraoperative identification of IDH-mutant glioma (N = 12 patients) with a clinically compatible fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) device (excitation: 355 nm; emission spectral bands: 390/40 nm, 470/28 nm, 542/50 nm). The fluorescence-derived parameters were analyzed to study the optical contrast between IDH-mutant tumors and surrounding brain tissue. IDH-mutant oligodendrogliomas exhibited shorter lifetimes (3.3 ± 0.1 ns) than IDH-mutant astrocytomas (4.1 ± 0.1 ns). Both IDH-mutant glioma subtypes had shorter lifetimes than white matter (4.6 ± 0.4 ns) but had comparable lifetimes to cortex. Lifetimes also increased with malignancy grade within IDH-mutant oligodendrogliomas (grade 2: 2.96 ± 0.08 ns, grade 3: 3.4 ± 0.3 ns) but not within IDH-mutant astrocytomas. The current results support the feasibility of FLIm as a surgical adjuvant for identifying IDH-mutant glioma tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Noble Anbunesan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Alba Alfonso-Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Xiangnan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Julien Bec
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Han Sung Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Orin Bloch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Laura Marcu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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Lifante J, de la Fuente-Fernández M, Román-Carmena M, Fernandez N, Jaque García D, Granado M, Ximendes E. In vivo grading of lipids in fatty liver by near-infrared autofluorescence and reflectance. J Biophotonics 2023; 16:e202200208. [PMID: 36377726 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is rapidly increasing worldwide. When untreated, it may lead to complications such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocarcinoma. The diagnosis of NAFLD is usually obtained by ultrasonography, a technique that can underestimate its prevalence. For this reason, physicians aspire for an accurate, cost-effective, and noninvasive method to determine both the presence and the specific stage of the NAFLD. In this paper, we report an integrated approach for the quantitative estimation of the density of triglycerides in the liver based on the use of autofluorescence and reflectance signals generated by the abdomen of obese C57BL6/J mice. Singular value decomposition is applied to the generated spectra and its corresponding regression model provided a determination coefficient of 0.99 and a root mean square error of 240 mg/dl. This, in turn, enabled the quantitative imaging of triglycerides density in the livers of mice under in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Lifante
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (nanoBIG), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Nuria Fernandez
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (nanoBIG), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Jaque García
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (nanoBIG), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Granado
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (nanoBIG), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erving Ximendes
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (nanoBIG), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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Fedr R, Kahounová Z, Remšík J, Reiterová M, Kalina T, Souček K. Variability of fluorescence intensity distribution measured by flow cytometry is influenced by cell size and cell cycle progression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4889. [PMID: 36966193 PMCID: PMC10039904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution of fluorescence signals measured with flow cytometry can be influenced by several factors, including qualitative and quantitative properties of the used fluorochromes, optical properties of the detection system, as well as the variability within the analyzed cell population itself. Most of the single cell samples prepared from in vitrocultures or clinical specimens contain a variable cell cycle component. Cell cycle, together with changes in the cell size, are two of the factors that alter the functional properties of analyzed cells and thus affect the interpretation of obtained results. Here, we describe the association between cell cycle status and cell size, and the variability in the distribution of fluorescence intensity as determined with flow cytometry, at population scale. We show that variability in the distribution of background and specific fluorescence signals is related to the cell cycle state of the selected population, with the 10% low fluorescence signal fraction enriched mainly in cells in their G0/G1 cell cycle phase, and the 10% high fraction containing cells mostly in the G2/M phase. Therefore we advise using caution and additional experimental validation when comparing populations defined by fractions at both ends of fluorescence signal distribution to avoid biases caused by the effect of cell cycle and cell size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Fedr
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kahounová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Remšík
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michaela Reiterová
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kalina
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Yang Y, Yu Q, Li B, Li S, Yang Z, Yuan F, Liu Z. A single dose of lipopolysaccharide elicits autofluorescence in the mouse brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1126273. [PMID: 37020861 PMCID: PMC10067636 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1126273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
One hallmark of aging is autofluorescence (AF) in the brain. However, the underlying mechanism for inducing AF remains unknown. This study aims to determine the cause(s) of this phenomenon. The endogenous expression pattern of AF in mice was examined at differing ages. Intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was performed to induce AF. Copper sulfate was applied to remove AF to allow for further immunofluorescence staining. AF appeared in the mouse brain as early as 3 months of age. In the cortex, AF occurs in the lysosomes of microglia, astrocytes, endothelial cells, and oligodendrocyte lineage cells and its prevalence increases with age. Interestingly, AF never occurs in the pericytes of young or aged brains. LPS administration resulted in a rapid and marked induction of brain AF, similar to the normal aging process. Finally, age-related and induced AF can be eliminated by low concentrations of copper sulfate solution. This pre-treatment is safe for aging and lineage tracing studies. These findings depict that AF in the brain could be associated with the innate immune response against Gram-negative bacteria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhuo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Qingting Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Zhoushan Institute for Food and Drug Control, Zhoushan, China
| | - Shijia Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Zuisu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Falei Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
- Falei Yuan,
| | - Zhongliang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhoushan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongliang Liu,
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40
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Zaki Ewiss MA, Mahmoud MA, Steiner R. Effect of femtosecond laser interaction with human fibroblasts: a preliminary study. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:83. [PMID: 36867297 PMCID: PMC9984333 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03740-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
In in vitro methods and cell culture models, femtosecond (fs) laser interaction has been employed to assess its effect on the proliferation and morphology of human skin fibroblasts. We cultured a primary human skin fibroblast cell line on a glass plate, passages 17-23. The cells were irradiated with a 90-fs laser at a wavelength of 800 nm and a repetition rate of 82 MHz. The target received an average power of 320 mW for 5, 20, and 100 s, corresponding to the radiation exposures of 22.6, 90.6, and 452.9 J/cm2, respectively. Using a laser scanning microscopy technique, the photon densities were measured to be 6.4 × 1018, 2.6 × 1019, and 1.3 × 1020 photons/cm2 in a spot area of 0.07 cm2; the recorded spectra were obtained from the laser interaction after 0.00, 1.00, 25.00, and 45.00 h. The cell count and morphological changes showed that the cultured cells were affected by laser irradiation under photon stress; some fibroblasts were killed, while others were injured and survived. We discovered evidence of the formation of several coenzyme compounds, such as flavin (500-600 nm), lipopigments (600-750 nm), and porphyrin (500-700 nm). This study is motivated by the future development of a novel, ultra-short fs laser system and the need to develop a basic in vitro understanding of photon-human cell interaction. The cell proliferation indicated that cells are partly killed or wounded. The exposure of fibroblasts to fs laser fluence up to 450 J/cm2 accelerates cell growth of the viable residual cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Zaki Ewiss
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12630, Egypt.
| | - M A Mahmoud
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - R Steiner
- Institute of Laser Technologies in Medicine and Metrology at the University of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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41
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Bai B, Yang X, Li Y, Zhang Y, Pillar N, Ozcan A. Deep learning-enabled virtual histological staining of biological samples. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:57. [PMID: 36864032 PMCID: PMC9981740 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Histological staining is the gold standard for tissue examination in clinical pathology and life-science research, which visualizes the tissue and cellular structures using chromatic dyes or fluorescence labels to aid the microscopic assessment of tissue. However, the current histological staining workflow requires tedious sample preparation steps, specialized laboratory infrastructure, and trained histotechnologists, making it expensive, time-consuming, and not accessible in resource-limited settings. Deep learning techniques created new opportunities to revolutionize staining methods by digitally generating histological stains using trained neural networks, providing rapid, cost-effective, and accurate alternatives to standard chemical staining methods. These techniques, broadly referred to as virtual staining, were extensively explored by multiple research groups and demonstrated to be successful in generating various types of histological stains from label-free microscopic images of unstained samples; similar approaches were also used for transforming images of an already stained tissue sample into another type of stain, performing virtual stain-to-stain transformations. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent research advances in deep learning-enabled virtual histological staining techniques. The basic concepts and the typical workflow of virtual staining are introduced, followed by a discussion of representative works and their technical innovations. We also share our perspectives on the future of this emerging field, aiming to inspire readers from diverse scientific fields to further expand the scope of deep learning-enabled virtual histological staining techniques and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijie Bai
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xilin Yang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuzhu Li
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nir Pillar
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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42
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Stillman JM, Lopes FM, Lin JP, Hu K, Reich DS, Schafer DP. Lipofuscin-like autofluorescence within microglia and its impact on studying microglial engulfment. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.28.530224. [PMID: 36909485 PMCID: PMC10002639 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.28.530224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Engulfment of cellular material and proteins is a key function for microglia, a resident macrophage of the central nervous system (CNS). Among the techniques used to measure microglial engulfment, confocal light microscopy has been used the most extensively. Here, we show that autofluorescence (AF), likely due to lipofuscin and typically associated with aging, can also be detected within microglial lysosomes in the young mouse brain by light microscopy. This lipofuscin-AF signal accumulates first within microglia and increases with age, but it is not exacerbated by amyloid beta-related neurodegeneration. We further show that this lipofuscin-AF signal within microglia can confound the interpretation of antibody-labeled synaptic material within microglia in young adult mice. Finally, we implement a robust strategy to quench AF in mouse, marmoset, and human brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Stillman
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnik Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; University of Massachusetts Chan Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Program, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Francisco M. Lopes
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jing-Ping Lin
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Hu
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel S. Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dorothy P. Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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43
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El-Hajjar L, Ali Ahmad F, Nasr R. A Guide to Flow Cytometry: Components, Basic Principles, Experimental Design, and Cancer Research Applications. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e721. [PMID: 36946745 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) is a state-of-the-art technique for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of cells and other particles' physical and biological properties. These cells are suspended within a high-velocity fluid stream and pass through a laser beam in single file. The main principle of the FCM instrument is the light scattering and fluorescence emission upon the interaction of the fluorescent particle with the laser beam. It also allows for the physical sorting of particles depending on different parameters. A flow cytometer comprises different components, including fluidic, optics, and electronics systems. This article briefly explains the mechanism of all components of a flow cytometer to clarify the FCM technique's general principles, provides some useful guidelines for the proper design of FCM panels, and highlights some general applications and important applications in cancer research. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layal El-Hajjar
- Office of Basic/Translational Research and Graduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fatima Ali Ahmad
- Office of Basic/Translational Research and Graduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rihab Nasr
- Office of Basic/Translational Research and Graduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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44
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Gangan MS, Naughton KL, Boedicker JQ. Utilizing a divalent metal ion transporter to control biogenic nanoparticle synthesis. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 50:kuad020. [PMID: 37587013 PMCID: PMC10481092 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials has been demonstrated for both wild and engineered bacterial strains. In many systems the nucleation and growth of nanomaterials is poorly controlled and requires concentrations of heavy metals toxic to living cells. Here, we utilized the tools of synthetic biology to engineer a strain of Escherichia coli capable of synthesizing cadmium sulfide nanoparticles from low concentrations of reactants with control over the location of synthesis. Informed by simulations of bacterially-assisted nanoparticle synthesis, we created a strain of E. coli expressing a broad-spectrum divalent metal transporter, ZupT, and a synthetic CdS nucleating peptide. Expression of ZupT in the outer membrane and placement of the nucleating peptide in the periplasm focused synthesis within the periplasmic space and enabled sufficient nucleation and growth of nanoparticles at sub-toxic levels of the reactants. This strain synthesized internal CdS quantum dot nanoparticles with spherical morphology and an average diameter of approximately 3.3 nm. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY Expression of a metal ion transporter regulates synthesis of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Subhash Gangan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kyle L Naughton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - James Q Boedicker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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45
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Pospíšilová M, Kalábová H, Kuncová G. Distinguishing Healthy and Carcinoma Cell Cultures Using Fluorescence Spectra Decomposition with a Genetic-Algorithm-Based Code. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:256. [PMID: 36832022 PMCID: PMC9954475 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we analysed the steady state fluorescence spectra of cell suspensions containing healthy and carcinoma fibroblast mouse cells, using a genetic-algorithm-spectra-decomposition software (GASpeD). In contrast to other deconvolution algorithms, such as polynomial or linear unmixing software, GASpeD takes into account light scatter. In cell suspensions, light scatter plays an important role as it depends on the number of cells, their size, shape, and coagulation. The measured fluorescence spectra were normalized, smoothed and deconvoluted into four peaks and background. The wavelengths of intensities' maxima of lipopigments (LR), FAD, and free/bound NAD(P)H (AF/AB) of the deconvoluted spectra matched published data. In deconvoluted spectra at pH = 7, the fluorescence intensities of the AF/AB ratio in healthy cells was always higher in comparison to carcinoma cells. In addition, the AF/AB ratio in healthy and carcinoma cells were influenced differently by changes in pH. In mixtures of healthy and carcinoma cells, AF/AB decreases when more than 13% of carcinoma cells are present. Expensive instrumentation is not required, and the software is user friendly. Due to these attributes, we hope that this study will be a first step in the development of new cancer biosensors and treatments with the use of optical fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pospíšilová
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University, nam. Sitna 3105, 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kalábová
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University, nam. Sitna 3105, 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Kuncová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the ASCR, Rozvojova 135, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environment, University of Jan Evangelista Purkyne, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
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46
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Daigle N, Knapp T, Duan S, Jones DW, Azhdarinia A, Ghosh SC, AghaAmiri S, Ikoma N, Estrella J, Schnermann MJ, Merchant JL, Sawyer TW. Combined multiphoton microscopy and somatostatin receptor type 2 imaging of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.03.526958. [PMID: 36778307 PMCID: PMC9915645 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.526958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are a rare but increasingly more prevalent cancer with heterogeneous clinical and pathological presentation. Surgery is the preferred treatment for all hormone-expressing PNETs and any PNET greater than 2 cm, but difficulties arise when tumors are multifocal, metastatic, or small in size due to lack of effective surgical localization. Existing techniques such as intraoperative ultrasound provide poor contrast and resolution, resulting in low sensitivity for such tumors. Somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) is commonly overexpressed in PNETs and presents an avenue for targeted tumor localization. SSTR2 is often used for pre-operative imaging and therapeutic treatment, with recent studies demonstrating that somatostatin receptor imaging (SRI) can be applied in radioguided surgery to aid in removal of metastatic lymph nodes and achieving negative surgical margins. However not all PNETs express SSTR2, indicating labeled SRI could benefit from using a supplemental label-free technique such as multiphoton microscopy (MPM), which has proven useful in improving the accuracy of diagnosing more common exocrine pancreatic cancers. Our work tests the suitability of combined SRI and MPM for localizing PNETs by imaging and comparing samples of PNETs and normal pancreatic tissue. Specimens were labeled with a novel SSTR2-targeted contrast agent and imaged using fluorescence microscopy, and subsequently imaged using MPM to collect four autofluorescent channels and second harmonic generation. Our results show that a combination of both SRI and MPM provides enhanced contrast and sensitivity for localizing diseased tissue, suggesting that this approach could be a valuable clinical tool for surgical localization and treatment of PNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle Daigle
- University of Arizona, Wyant College of Optical Sciences, 1630 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Thomas Knapp
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1127 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Suzann Duan
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - David W Jones
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Ali Azhdarinia
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sukhen C Ghosh
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Solmaz AghaAmiri
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Naruhiko Ikoma
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeannelyn Estrella
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Juanita L Merchant
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Travis W Sawyer
- University of Arizona, Wyant College of Optical Sciences, 1630 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1127 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
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47
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Ran C, Mansfield JR, Bai M, Viola NT, Mahajan A, Delikatny EJ. Practical Guidance for Developing Small-Molecule Optical Probes for In Vivo Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:240-64. [PMID: 36745354 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The WMIS Education Committee (2019-2022) reached a consensus that white papers on molecular imaging could be beneficial for practitioners of molecular imaging at their early career stages and other scientists who are interested in molecular imaging. With this consensus, the committee plans to publish a series of white papers on topics related to the daily practice of molecular imaging. In this white paper, we aim to provide practical guidance that could be helpful for optical molecular imaging, particularly for small molecule probe development and validation in vitro and in vivo. The focus of this paper is preclinical animal studies with small-molecule optical probes. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging, bioluminescence imaging, chemiluminescence imaging, image-guided surgery, and Cerenkov luminescence imaging are discussed in this white paper.
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48
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Knapp TG, Duan S, Merchant JL, Sawyer TW. Quantitative characterization of duodenal gastrinoma autofluorescence using multiphoton microscopy. Lasers Surg Med 2023; 55:208-225. [PMID: 36515355 PMCID: PMC9957894 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duodenal gastrinomas (DGASTs) are neuroendocrine tumors that develop in the submucosa of the duodenum and produce the hormone gastrin. Surgical resection of DGASTs is complicated by the small size of these tumors and the tendency for them to develop diffusely in the duodenum. Endoscopic mucosal resection of DGASTs is an increasingly popular method for treating this disease due to its low complication rate but suffers from poor rates of pathologically negative margins. Multiphoton microscopy can capture high-resolution images of biological tissue with contrast generated from endogenous fluorescence (autofluorescence [AF]) through two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF). Second harmonic generation is another popular method of generating image contrast with multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and is a light-scattering phenomenon that occurs predominantly from structures such as collagen in biological samples. Some molecules that contribute to AF change in abundance from processes related to the cancer disease process (e.g., metabolic changes, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis). STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS MPM was used to image 12 separate patient samples of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded duodenal gastrinoma slides with a second-harmonic generation (SHG) channel and four 2PEF channels. The excitation and emission profiles of each 2PEF channel were tuned to capture signal dominated by distinct fluorophores with well-characterized fluorescent spectra and known connections to the physiologic changes that arise in cancerous tissue. RESULTS We found that there was a significant difference in the relative abundance of signal generated in the 2PEF channels for regions of DGASTs in comparison to the neighboring tissues of the duodenum. Data generated from texture feature extraction of the MPM images were used in linear discriminant analysis models to create classifiers for tumor versus all other tissue types before and after principal component analysis (PCA). PCA improved the classifier accuracy and reduced the number of features required to achieve maximum accuracy. The linear discriminant classifier after PCA distinguished between tumor and other tissue types with an accuracy of 90.6%-93.8%. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that multiphoton microscopy 2PEF and SHG imaging is a promising label-free method for discriminating between DGASTs and normal duodenal tissue which has implications for future applications of in vivo assessment of resection margins with endoscopic MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Knapp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Suzann Duan
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Travis W. Sawyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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49
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Abstract
We designed caging-group-free photoactivatable live-cell permeant dyes with red fluorescence emission and ∼100 nm Stokes shifts based on a 1-vinyl-10-silaxanthone imine core structure. The proposed fluorophores undergo byproduct-free one- and two-photon activation, are suitable for multicolor fluorescence microscopy in fixed and living cells, and are compatible with super-resolution techniques such as STED (stimulated emission depletion) and PALM (photoactivated localization microscopy). Use of photoactivatable labels for strain-promoted tetrazine ligation and self-labeling protein tags (HaloTag, SNAP-tag), and duplexing of an imaging channel with another large Stokes shift dye have been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Likhotkin
- Department
of Optical Nanoscopy, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Lincoln
- Department
of Optical Nanoscopy, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariano L. Bossi
- Department
of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute
for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexey N. Butkevich
- Department
of Optical Nanoscopy, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,Department
of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute
for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany,
| | - Stefan W. Hell
- Department
of Optical Nanoscopy, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,Department
of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute
for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany,
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50
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Reichert D, Wadiura LI, Erkkilae MT, Gesperger J, Lang A, Roetzer-Pejrimovsky T, Makolli J, Woehrer A, Wilzbach M, Hauger C, Kiesel B, Andreana M, Unterhuber A, Drexler W, Widhalm G, Leitgeb RA. Flavin fluorescence lifetime and autofluorescence optical redox ratio for improved visualization and classification of brain tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1105648. [PMID: 36890834 PMCID: PMC9986542 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1105648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Modern techniques for improved tumor visualization have the aim to maximize the extent of resection during brain tumor surgery and thus improve patient prognosis. Optical imaging of autofluorescence is a powerful and non-invasive tool to monitor metabolic changes and transformation in brain tumors. Cellular redox ratios can be retrieved from fluorescence emitted by the coenzymes reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Recent studies point out that the influence of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) has been underestimated. Experimental design Fluorescence lifetime imaging and fluorescence spectroscopy were performed through a modified surgical microscope. We acquired 361 flavin fluorescence lifetime (500-580 nm) and fluorescence spectra (430-740 nm) data points on freshly excised different brain tumors: low-grade gliomas (N=17), high-grade gliomas (N=42), meningiomas (N=23), metastases (N=26) and specimens from the non-tumorous brain (N=3). Results Protein-bound FMN fluorescence in brain tumors did increase with a shift toward a more glycolytic metabolism (R=-0.87). This increased the average flavin fluorescence lifetime in tumor entities with respect to the non-tumorous brain. Further, these metrics were characteristic for the different tumor entities and showed promise for machine learning based brain tumor classification. Conclusions Our results shed light on FMN fluorescence in metabolic imaging and outline the potential for supporting the neurosurgeon in visualizing and classifying brain tumor tissue during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reichert
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Optical Imaging and its Translation to Medicine (OPTRAMED), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa I Wadiura
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mikael T Erkkilae
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Gesperger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Roetzer-Pejrimovsky
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jessica Makolli
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Woehrer
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Wilzbach
- Advanced Development Microsurgery, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Oberkochen, Germany
| | - Christoph Hauger
- Advanced Development Microsurgery, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Oberkochen, Germany
| | - Barbara Kiesel
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Andreana
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Unterhuber
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Drexler
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Widhalm
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer A Leitgeb
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Optical Imaging and its Translation to Medicine (OPTRAMED), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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