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Hanes J, Kovac A, Kvartsberg H, Kontsekova E, Fialova L, Katina S, Kovacech B, Stevens E, Hort J, Vyhnalek M, Boonkamp L, Novak M, Zetterberg H, Hansson O, Scheltens P, Blennow K, Teunissen CE, Zilka N. Evaluation of a novel immunoassay to detect p-tau Thr217 in the CSF to distinguish Alzheimer disease from other dementias. Neurology 2020; 95:e3026-e3035. [PMID: 32973122 PMCID: PMC7734919 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether tau phosphorylated at Thr217 (p-tau T217) assay in CSF can distinguish patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) from patients with other dementias and healthy controls. METHODS We developed and validated a novel Simoa immunoassay to detect p-tau T217 in CSF. There was a total of 190 participants from 3 cohorts with AD (n = 77) and other neurodegenerative diseases (n = 69) as well as healthy participants (n = 44). RESULTS The p-tau T217 assay (cutoff 242 pg/mL) identified patients with AD with accuracy of 90%, with 78% positive predictive value (PPV), 97% negative predictive value (NPV), 93% sensitivity, and 88% specificity, compared favorably with p-tau T181 ELISA (52 pg/mL), showing 78% accuracy, 58% PPV, 98% NPV, 71% specificity, and 97% sensitivity. The assay distinguished patients with AD from age-matched healthy controls (cutoff 163 pg/mL, 98% sensitivity, 93% specificity), similarly to p-tau T181 ELISA (cutoff 60 pg/mL, 96% sensitivity, 86% specificity). In patients with AD, we found a strong correlation between p-tau T217 and p-tau T181, total tau and β-amyloid 40, but not β-amyloid 42. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that p-tau T217 displayed better diagnostic accuracy than p-tau T181. The data suggest that the new p-tau T217 assay has potential as an AD diagnostic test in clinical evaluation. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that a CSF immunoassay for p-tau T217 distinguishes patients with AD from patients with other dementias and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Hanes
- From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Andrej Kovac
- From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Kontsekova
- From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Lubica Fialova
- From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Stanislav Katina
- From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Branislav Kovacech
- From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Stevens
- From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Jakub Hort
- From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Lynn Boonkamp
- From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Michal Novak
- From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Oskar Hansson
- From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Kaj Blennow
- From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Norbert Zilka
- From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands.
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