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Mardanyan S, Sharoyan S, Antonyan A. Diversity of amyloid beta peptide actions. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:387-398. [PMID: 38281140 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Fibril formation by amyloidogenic proteins and peptides is considered the cause of a number of incurable diseases. One of the most known amyloid diseases is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Traditionally, amyloidogenic beta peptides Aβ40 and Aβ42 (Aβs) are considered as main causes of AD and the foremost targets in AD fight. The main efforts in pharmacology are aimed at reducing Aβs concentration to prevent their accumulation, aggregation, formation of senile plaques, neuronal death, and neurodegeneration. However, a number of publications have demonstrated certain beneficial physiological effects of Aβs. Simultaneously, it is indicated that the effects of Aβs turn into pathological due to the development of certain diseases in the body. The accumulation of C- and N-terminal truncated Aβs under diverse conditions is supposed to play a role in AD development. The significance of transformation of glutamate residue at positions 3 or 11 of Aβs catalyzed by glutaminyl cyclase making them more degradation resistant, hydrophobic, and prone to aggregation, as well as the participation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in these transformations are discussed. The experimental data presented confirm the maintenance of physiological, nonaggregated state of Aβs by plant preparations. In conclusion, this review suggests that in the fight against AD, instead of removing Aβs, preference should be given to the treatment of common diseases. Glutaminyl cyclase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV can be considered as targets in AD treatment. Flavonoids and plant preparations that possess antiamyloidogenic propensity are proposed as beneficial neuroprotective, anticancer, and antidiabetic food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Mardanyan
- H. Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry of Armenian National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan 0014, Republic of Armenia
| | - Svetlana Sharoyan
- H. Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry of Armenian National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan 0014, Republic of Armenia
| | - Alvard Antonyan
- H. Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry of Armenian National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan 0014, Republic of Armenia
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Alexandre-Silva V, Cominetti MR. Unraveling the dual role of ADAM10: Bridging the gap between cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 219:111928. [PMID: 38513842 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
An inverse association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer has been proposed. Patients with a cancer history have a decreased risk of developing AD, and AD patients have a reduced cancer incidence, which is not seen in vascular dementia patients. Given this association, common molecular and biological mechanisms that could explain this inverse relationship have been proposed before, such as Peptidylprolyl Cis/Trans Isomerase, NIMA-Interacting 1 (Pin1), Wingless and Int-1 (Wnt), and transformation-related protein 53 (p53)-mediated pathways, along with inflammation and oxidative stress-related proteins. A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) is a protease responsible for the cleavage of key AD- and cancer-related substrates, and it has inverse roles in those diseases: neuroprotective and disease-promoting, respectively. Thus, herein, we review the relevant literature linking AD and cancer and propose how ADAM10 activity might modulate the inverse association between the diseases. Understanding how this protease mediates those two conditions might raise some considerations in the ADAM10 pharmacological modulation for treating AD and cancer.
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Yu L, Wang L, Xue Y, Ren Y, Liu T, Hu H. Causal associations between platelet count, alcohol consumption, and the risk of liver hepatocellular carcinoma based on a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1400573. [PMID: 38841303 PMCID: PMC11151168 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1400573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) exhibits a multifactorial etiology, insidious onset, and a significantly low 5-year survival rate. We aimed to evaluate the causal impact of exposure factors (Alzheimer's disease, platelet count, ambidextrousness, cigarettes smoked per day, alcohol consumption, and endocarditis) on the risk of LIHC using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease, platelet count, ambidextrousness, daily cigarette consumption, alcohol intake, and endocarditis were selected as instrumental variables (IVs) from the corresponding genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Genetic summary statistics for LIHC came from a GWAS that included 168 cases and 372,016 controls of European individuals. Multivariable MR analyses were performed to find the causal association between 6 exposure factors and LIHC risk. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW)-MR was employed as the primary analysis, and the MR-Egger regression, LASSO regression, and weighted Median approaches were performed as complementary analyses. Results Multivariable MR analysis showed causal association between Alzheimer's disease [Odds ratio (OR) = 0.9999, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.9998-0.9999, p = 0.0010], platelet count (OR = 0.9997, 95% CI = 0.9995-0.9999, p = 0.0066), alcohol consumption (OR = 0.9994, 95% CI = 0.9990-0.9999, p = 0.0098) and the LIHC outcome. After IVW-MR, MR-Egger and LASSO tests, the results are still significant. Next, we used different MR Methods to analyze platelet count, alcohol consumption, and Alzheimer's disease separately. Moreover, both funnel plots and MR-Egger intercepts provided compelling evidence to refute the presence of directional pleiotropy in the association between platelet count, alcohol consumption, Alzheimer's disease and the risk of LIHC. The IVW-MR analysis revealed a significant causal association between an elevated platelet count and a reduced risk of LIHC (OR = 0.9996, 95% CI= 0.9995-0.9998, p = 0.0005). Similarly, the analysis of weighted median revealed a negative correlation between platelet count and the risk of LIHC (OR = 0.9995, 95% CI = 0.9993-0.9999; p = 0.0160). Conversely, we observed a positive causal effect of alcohol consumption on the incidence of LIHC (OR = 1.0004, 95% CI = 0.9999-1.0009). However, no significant causal relationship was found between alcohol assumption, Alzheimer's disease, and LIHC susceptibility. Conclusions A significant causal relationship exists between platelet count, alcohol consumption, Alzheimer's disease, and an increased risk of LIHC. The study presents compelling evidence for a genetically predicted decreased susceptibility to LIHC based on platelet count. The research implies that elevated platelet count may serve as a protective mechanism against LIHC. These findings may inform clinical strategies for LIHC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Leisheng Wang
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuzheng Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yilin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tianhao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi, China
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Huang J, Deng A, Bai Y, Li C, Shang H. Alzheimer's disease and oral manifestations: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1391625. [PMID: 38817545 PMCID: PMC11138153 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1391625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have provided evidence suggesting an association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and various oral manifestations. However, conflicting conclusions have been drawn, and whether a causal association truly exists remains unclear. Methods In order to investigate the potential causal association between AD and prevalent oral diseases, we conducted a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis based on summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of AD (N = 63,926), as well as mouth ulcer (N = 461,103), oral cavity cancer (N = 4,151), and periodontal disease (N = 527,652). Results We identified that one standard increase in the risk of AD was causally associated with a reduced risk of oral cavity cancer (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63-0.92, p = 3.73 × 10-3). In the opposite direction, oral conditions were not causally associated with risk of AD. Conclusion The present findings contributed to a better understanding of the correlation between AD and oral conditions, specifically oral cavity cancer. These results also identified new avenues for exploring the underlying mechanisms of oral cavity cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aiping Deng
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Outpatient Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunshuang Bai
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Outpatient Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Rojas-Saunero LP, van der Willik KD, Schagen SB, Ikram MA, Swanson SA. Towards a Clearer Causal Question Underlying the Association Between Cancer and Dementia. Epidemiology 2024; 35:281-288. [PMID: 38442423 PMCID: PMC11022995 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several observational studies have described an inverse association between cancer diagnosis and subsequent dementia risk. Multiple biologic mechanisms and potential biases have been proposed in attempts to explain this association. One proposed explanation is the opposite expression of Pin1 in cancer and dementia, and we use this explanation and potential drug target to illustrate the required assumptions and potential sources of bias for inferring an effect of Pin1 on dementia risk from analyses measuring cancer diagnosis as a proxy for Pin1 expression. METHODS We used data from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort. We estimate the association between cancer diagnosis (as a proxy for Pin1) and subsequent dementia diagnosis using two different proxy methods and with confounding and censoring for death addressed with inverse probability weights. We estimate and compare the complements of a weighted Kaplan-Meier survival estimator at 20 years of follow-up. RESULTS Out of 3634 participants, 899 (25%) were diagnosed with cancer, of whom 53 (6%) had dementia, and 567 (63%) died. Among those without cancer, 15% (411) were diagnosed with dementia, and 667 (24%) died over follow-up. Depending on the confounding and selection bias control, and the way in which cancer was used as a time-varying proxy exposure, the risk ratio for dementia diagnosis ranged from 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.49, 0.95) to 1.1 (95% CI = 0.79, 1.3). CONCLUSION Being explicit about the underlying mechanism of interest is key to maximizing what we can learn from this cancer-dementia association given available or readily collected data, and to defining, detecting, and preventing potential biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Paloma Rojas-Saunero
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Sanne B. Schagen
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja A. Swanson
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Ren F, Yang C, Feng K, Shang Q, Liu J, Kang X, Wang X, Wang X. An exploration of causal relationships between nine neurological diseases and the risk of breast cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7101-7118. [PMID: 38663930 PMCID: PMC11087125 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some preceding researches have observed that certain neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, may affect breast cancer risk. However, whether there are causal relationships between these neurological conditions and breast cancer is inconclusive. This study was designed to explore whether neurological disorders affected the risks of breast cancer overall and of the two subtypes (ER+ and ER-). METHODS In the course of this study, genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for nine neurological diseases (Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, myasthenia gravis, generalized epilepsy, intracerebral haemorrhage, cerebral atherosclerosis, brain glioblastoma, and benign meningeal tumour) were collected from the Complex Trait Genetics lab and the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) extensively associated with these neurological ailments had been recognized as instrumental variables (IVs). GWAS data on breast cancer were collected from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses as well as multivariable MR analyses were performed to determine whether these SNPs contributed to breast cancer risk. Additionally, the accuracy of the results was evaluated using the false discovery rate (FDR) multiple correction method. Both heterogeneity and pleiotropy were evaluated by analyzing sensitivities. RESULTS According to the results of two-sample MR analyses, Alzheimer's disease significantly reduced the risks of overall (OR 0.925, 95% CI [0.871-0.982], P = 0.011) and ER+ (OR 0.912, 95% CI [0.853-0.975], P = 0.007) breast cancer, but there was a negative result in ER- breast cancer. However, after multiple FDR corrections, the effect of Alzheimer's disease on overall breast cancer was not statistically significant. In contrast, multiple sclerosis significantly increased ER+ breast cancer risk (OR 1.007, 95% CI [1.003-1.011], P = 0.001). In addition, the multivariable MR analyses showed that Alzheimer's disease significantly reduced the risk of ER+ breast cancer (IVW: OR 0.929, 95% CI [0.864-0.999], P=0.047; MR-Egger: OR 0.916, 95% CI [0.846-0.992], P=0.031); however, multiple sclerosis significantly increased the risk of ER+ breast cancer (IVW: OR 1.008, 95% CI [1.003-1.012], P=4.35×10-4; MR-Egger: OR 1.008, 95% CI [1.003-1.012], P=5.96×10-4). There were no significant associations between the remainder of the neurological diseases and breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study found the trends towards a decreased risk of ER+ breast cancer in patients with Alzheimer's disease and an increased risk in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, due to the limitations of Mendelian randomization, we cannot determine whether there are definite causal relationships between neurological diseases and breast cancer risk. For conclusive evidences, more prospective randomized controlled trials will be needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ren
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chenxuan Yang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Kexin Feng
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qingyao Shang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jiaxiang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiyu Kang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Cataldo A, Criscuolo S, De Benedetto E, Masciullo A, Pesola M, Schiavoni R. A Novel Metric for Alzheimer's Disease Detection Based on Brain Complexity Analysis via Multiscale Fuzzy Entropy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:324. [PMID: 38671746 PMCID: PMC11048692 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder that affects cognitive functioning and memory. Current diagnostic tools, including neuroimaging techniques and cognitive questionnaires, present limitations such as invasiveness, high costs, and subjectivity. In recent years, interest has grown in using electroencephalography (EEG) for AD detection due to its non-invasiveness, low cost, and high temporal resolution. In this regard, this work introduces a novel metric for AD detection by using multiscale fuzzy entropy (MFE) to assess brain complexity, offering clinicians an objective, cost-effective diagnostic tool to aid early intervention and patient care. To this purpose, brain entropy patterns in different frequency bands for 35 healthy subjects (HS) and 35 AD patients were investigated. Then, based on the resulting MFE values, a specific detection algorithm, able to assess brain complexity abnormalities that are typical of AD, was developed and further validated on 24 EEG test recordings. This MFE-based method achieved an accuracy of 83% in differentiating between HS and AD, with a diagnostic odds ratio of 25, and a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.67, indicating its viability for AD diagnosis. Furthermore, the algorithm showed potential for identifying anomalies in brain complexity when tested on a subject with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), warranting further investigation in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cataldo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Sabatina Criscuolo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI), University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (E.D.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Egidio De Benedetto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI), University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (E.D.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Antonio Masciullo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Marisa Pesola
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI), University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (E.D.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Raissa Schiavoni
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.M.); (R.S.)
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Wang J, Sims KD, Ackley SF, Chen R, Kobayashi LC, Hayes‐Larson E, Mayeda ER, Buto P, Zimmerman SC, Graff RE, Glymour MM. Association of cancer history with structural brain aging markers of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias risk. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:880-889. [PMID: 37811979 PMCID: PMC10916958 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer survivors are less likely than comparably aged individuals without a cancer history to develop Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). METHODS In the UK Biobank, we investigated associations between cancer history and five structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers for ADRD risk, using linear mixed-effects models to assess differences in mean values and quantile regression to examine whether associations varied across the distribution of MRI markers. RESULTS Cancer history was associated with smaller mean hippocampal volume (b = -19 mm3 , 95% CI = -36, -1) and lower mean cortical thickness in the Alzheimer's disease signature region (b = -0.004 mm, 95% CI = -0.007, -0.000). Quantile regressions indicated individuals most vulnerable to ADRD were more affected by cancer history. DISCUSSION Some brain MRI markers associated with ADRD risk were elevated in adults with a history of cancer. The magnitude of the adverse associations varied across quantiles of neuroimaging markers, and the pattern suggests possible harmful associations for individuals already at high ADRD risk. HIGHLIGHTS We found no evidence of an inverse association between cancer history and ADRD-related neurodegeneration. Cancer history was associated with smaller mean hippocampal volume and lower mean cortical thickness in the Alzheimer's disease signature region. Quantile regressions indicated individuals most vulnerable to ADRD were more affected by cancer history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kendra D. Sims
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sarah F. Ackley
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ruijia Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lindsay C. Kobayashi
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Eleanor Hayes‐Larson
- Department of EpidemiologyFielding School of Public HealthUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Elizabeth Rose Mayeda
- Department of EpidemiologyFielding School of Public HealthUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peter Buto
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Scott C. Zimmerman
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rebecca E. Graff
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - M. Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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Yuan C, Liu S, Yang K, Xie F, Li Y, Guo Y, Zhao W, Zhang J, Cheng Z. Causal association between colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2024; 14:1180905. [PMID: 38250575 PMCID: PMC10797121 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1180905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease are both common life-threatening diseases in the elderly population. Some studies suggest a possible inverse relationship between colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease, but real-world research is subject to many biases. We hope to clarify the causal relationship between the two through a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Methods: In our study, we used genetic summary data from large-scale genome-wide association studies to investigate the relationship between colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Our primary analysis employed the inverse-variance weighted method and we also used complementary techniques, including MR-Egger, weighted median estimator, and Maximum likelihood. We applied simex adjustment to the MR-Egger results. We also utilized the MRlap package to detect potential sample overlap and its impact on the bias of the results. In addition, we performed several sensitivity and heterogeneity analyses, to ensure the reliability of our results. Results: The combined effect size results of the inverse-variance weighted method indicate that colorectal cancer may decrease the incidence of Alzheimer's disease, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.846 (95% CI: 0.762-0.929). Similar results were observed using other methods such as MR-Egger, weighted median estimator, and Maximum likelihood. On the other hand, Alzheimer's disease may slightly increase the incidence of colorectal cancer, with an OR of 1.014 (95% CI: 1.001-1.027). However, the results of one subgroup were not significant, and the results from MRlap indicated that sample overlap introduced bias into the results. Therefore, the results of the reverse validation are not reliable. The F-statistic for all SNPs was greater than 20. Four SNPs related to the outcome were excluded using Phenoscanner website but the adjustment did not affect the overall direction of the results. The results of these statistics were further validated by MR-PRESSO, funnel plots, leave-one-out analyses, Cochran's Q, demonstrating the reliability of the findings. Conclusion: According to the findings of this Mendelian randomization study, there appears to be a causal association between colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease. These results could have important implications for clinical practice in terms of how colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease are treated. To better understand the relationship between these two diseases, more research and screening are needed in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Yuan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Saisai Liu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kezhen Yang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feiyu Xie
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Oncology Department, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Oncology Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medicine University, Beijing, China
| | - Yantong Guo
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Li Y, Xu X, Wang P, Chen X, Yang Q, Sun L, Gao X. Association of Cancer History with Lifetime Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1319-1328. [PMID: 38517790 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Background The literature presents conflicting results regarding the potential protective effect of prevalent cancer on the development of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective Association between cancer and subsequent risk of dementia and/or AD was reported previously, but survival bias has been of concern. Here, we aimed to calculate the lifetime risk of dementia and AD and evaluate the association of cancer history with these two conditions. Methods In this retrospective analysis, we included 292,654 participants aged 60+ y during the follow-up and free of dementia at baseline, within the UK Biobank cohort. Lifetime risks of dementia and AD were estimated in individuals with and without cancer history, and different durations of cancer exposure and cancer types. Results During a median of 12.5 follow-up years, 5,044 new dementia and 2,141 AD cases were reported. Lifetime risks of dementia and AD were lower in cancer survivors compared to those without cancer, and this effect was more pronounced in participants with cancer history exposure≥5 years. Similar relationship was observed in individual cancer types, except for breast cancer. Conclusions Results suggested an inverse association between cancer history and lifetime risk of dementia and AD, which may be modified by different cancer types and cancer exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinming Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peilu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiqun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qishan Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Santos RM, Tavares CA, Santos TMR, Rasouli H, Ramalho TC. MD Simulations to Calculate NMR Relaxation Parameters of Vanadium(IV) Complexes: A Promising Diagnostic Tool for Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1653. [PMID: 38139780 PMCID: PMC10747690 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Early phase diagnosis of human diseases has still been a challenge in the medicinal field, and one of the efficient non-invasive techniques that is vastly used for this purpose is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is able to detect a wide range of diseases and conditions, including nervous system disorders and cancer, and uses the principles of NMR relaxation to generate detailed internal images of the body. For such investigation, different metal complexes have been studied as potential MRI contrast agents. With this in mind, this work aims to investigate two systems containing the vanadium complexes [VO(metf)2]·H2O (VC1) and [VO(bpy)2Cl]+ (VC2), being metformin and bipyridine ligands of the respective complexes, with the biological targets AMPK and ULK1. These biomolecules are involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease and triple-negative breast cancer, respectively, and may act as promising spectroscopic probes for detection of these diseases. To initially evaluate the behavior of the studied ligands within the aforementioned protein active sites and aqueous environment, four classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations including VC1 + H2O (1), VC2 + H2O (2), VC1 + AMPK + H2O (3), and VC2 + ULK1 + H2O (4) were performed. From this, it was obtained that for both systems containing VCs and water only, the theoretical calculations implied a higher efficiency when compared with DOTAREM, a famous commercially available contrast agent for MRI. This result is maintained when evaluating the system containing VC1 + AMPK + H2O. Nevertheless, for the system VC2 + ULK1 + H2O, there was observed a decrease in the vanadium complex efficiency due to the presence of a relevant steric hindrance. Despite that, due to the nature of the interaction between VC2 and ULK1, and the nature of its ligands, the study gives an insight that some modifications on VC2 structure might improve its efficiency as an MRI probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Mancini Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Modelling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil; (R.M.S.); (T.M.R.S.); (H.R.)
| | - Camila Assis Tavares
- Laboratory of Molecular Modelling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil; (R.M.S.); (T.M.R.S.); (H.R.)
| | - Taináh Martins Resende Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Modelling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil; (R.M.S.); (T.M.R.S.); (H.R.)
| | - Hassan Rasouli
- Laboratory of Molecular Modelling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil; (R.M.S.); (T.M.R.S.); (H.R.)
- Medical Biology Research Center (MBRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714414971, Iran
| | - Teodorico Castro Ramalho
- Laboratory of Molecular Modelling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil; (R.M.S.); (T.M.R.S.); (H.R.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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12
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Sugimoto T, Sakurai T, Noguchi T, Komatsu A, Nakagawa T, Ueda I, Osawa A, Lee S, Shimada H, Kuroda Y, Fujita K, Matsumoto N, Uchida K, Kishino Y, Ono R, Arai H, Saito T. Developing a predictive model for mortality in patients with cognitive impairment. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e6020. [PMID: 37909125 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We developed a predictive model for all-cause mortality and examined the risk factors for cause-specific mortality among people with cognitive impairment in a Japanese memory clinic-based cohort (2010-2018). METHODS This retrospective cohort study included people aged ≥65 years with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. The survival status was assessed based on the response of participants or their close relatives via a postal survey. Potential predictors including demographic and lifestyle-related factors, functional status, and behavioral and psychological status were assessed at the first visit at the memory clinic. A backward stepwise Cox regression model was used to select predictors, and a predictive model was developed using a regression coefficient-based scoring approach. The discrimination and calibration were assessed via Harrell's C-statistic and a calibration plot, respectively. RESULTS A total of 2610 patients aged ≥65 years (men, 38.3%) were analyzed. Over a mean follow-up of 4.1 years, 544 patients (20.8%) died. Nine predictors were selected from the sociodemographic and clinical variables: age, sex, body mass index, gait performance, physical activity, and ability for instrumental activities of daily living, cognitive function, and self-reported comorbidities (pulmonary disease and diabetes). The model showed good discrimination and calibration for 1-5-year mortality (Harrell's C-statistic, 0.739-0.779). Some predictors were specifically associated with cause-specific mortality. CONCLUSIONS This predictive model has good discriminative ability for 1- to 5-year mortality and can be easily implemented for people with mild cognitive impairment and all stages of dementia referred to a memory clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Sugimoto
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Department of Cognition and Behavior Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taiji Noguchi
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Ayane Komatsu
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakagawa
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Ikue Ueda
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Aiko Osawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Yujiro Kuroda
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujita
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Nanae Matsumoto
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Uchida
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kishino
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Department of Cognition and Behavior Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rei Ono
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Tami Saito
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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13
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Sánchez-Valle J, Valencia A. Molecular bases of comorbidities: present and future perspectives. Trends Genet 2023; 39:773-786. [PMID: 37482451 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Co-occurrence of diseases decreases patient quality of life, complicates treatment choices, and increases mortality. Analyses of electronic health records present a complex scenario of comorbidity relationships that vary by age, sex, and cohort under study. The study of similarities between diseases using 'omics data, such as genes altered in diseases, gene expression, proteome, and microbiome, are fundamental to uncovering the origin of, and potential treatment for, comorbidities. Recent studies have produced a first generation of genetic interpretations for as much as 46% of the comorbidities described in large cohorts. Integrating different sources of molecular information and using artificial intelligence (AI) methods are promising approaches for the study of comorbidities. They may help to improve the treatment of comorbidities, including the potential repositioning of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Sánchez-Valle
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, 08034, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, 08034, Spain; ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain.
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14
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Wang J, Buto P, Ackley SF, Kobayashi LC, Graff RE, Zimmerman SC, Hayes-Larson E, Mayeda ER, Asiimwe SB, Calmasini C, Glymour MM. Association between cancer and dementia risk in the UK Biobank: evidence of diagnostic bias. Eur J Epidemiol 2023; 38:1069-1079. [PMID: 37634228 PMCID: PMC10854217 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have identified an inverse association between cancer and dementia. Underlying methodological biases have been postulated, yet no studies have systematically investigated the potential for each source of bias within a single dataset. We used the UK Biobank to compare estimates for the cancer-dementia association using different analytical specifications designed to sequentially address multiple sources of bias, including competing risk of death, selective survival, confounding bias, and diagnostic bias. We included 140,959 UK Biobank participants aged ≥ 55 without dementia before enrollment and with linked primary care data. We used cancer registry data to identify cancer cases prevalent before UK Biobank enrollment and incident cancer diagnosed after enrollment. We used Cox models to evaluate associations of prevalent and incident cancer with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia. We used time-varying models to evaluate diagnostic bias. Over a median follow-up of 12.3 years, 3,310 dementia cases were diagnosed. All-site incident cancer was positively associated with all-cause dementia incidence (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.29), but prevalent cancer was not (HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.92-1.17). Results were similar for vascular dementia. AD was not associated with prevalent or incident cancer. Dementia diagnosis was substantially elevated in the first year after cancer diagnosis (HR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.42-2.36), after which the association attenuated to null, suggesting diagnostic bias. Following a cancer diagnosis, health care utilization or cognitive consequences of diagnosis or treatment may increase chance of receiving a dementia diagnosis, creating potential diagnostic bias in electronic health records-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter Buto
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah F Ackley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay C Kobayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott C Zimmerman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eleanor Hayes-Larson
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rose Mayeda
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen B Asiimwe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Camilla Calmasini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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15
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Callari M, Sola M, Magrin C, Rinaldi A, Bolis M, Paganetti P, Colnaghi L, Papin S. Cancer-specific association between Tau (MAPT) and cellular pathways, clinical outcome, and drug response. Sci Data 2023; 10:637. [PMID: 37730697 PMCID: PMC10511431 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau (MAPT) is a microtubule-associated protein causing common neurodegenerative diseases or rare inherited frontotemporal lobar degenerations. Emerging evidence for non-canonical functions of Tau in DNA repair and P53 regulation suggests its involvement in cancer. To bring new evidence for a relevant role of Tau in cancer, we carried out an in-silico pan-cancer analysis of MAPT transcriptomic profile in over 10000 clinical samples from 32 cancer types and over 1300 pre-clinical samples from 28 cancer types provided by the TCGA and the DEPMAP datasets respectively. MAPT expression associated with key cancer hallmarks including inflammation, proliferation, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, showing cancer-specific patterns. In some cancer types, MAPT functional networks were affected by P53 mutational status. We identified new associations of MAPT with clinical outcomes and drug response in a context-specific manner. Overall, our findings indicate that the MAPT gene is a potential major player in multiple types of cancer. Importantly, the impact of Tau on cancer seems to be heavily influenced by the specific cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Sola
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Magrin
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Marco Bolis
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Computational Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milano, Italy
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Core Unit, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Paganetti
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Colnaghi
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stéphanie Papin
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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16
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Kang HS, Kim JH, Lim H, Kim JH, Noh HM, Choi HG, Min KW, Kim NY, Kwon MJ. Alzheimer's Disease and Different Types of Cancer Likelihood: Unveiling Disparities and Potential Protective Effects in a Korean Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4615. [PMID: 37760584 PMCID: PMC10526539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The link between Alzheimer's disease and cancer risk is a concern in public health. However, research has yielded limited and sometimes contrasting results, suggesting the need for more validation. We analyzed a large cohort to examine the long-term association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the risk of developing cancer. In total, 24,664 AD patients and 98,656 control participants were selected from the National Health Insurance Cohort database of Korea, spanning from 2002 to 2019. Propensity score matching and overlap-weighted adjustment techniques were used to balance the standardized differences between the AD and control groups. The Cox proportional hazards model was applied to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for various cancers, considering relevant covariates. Results indicated that patients with AD had a significantly lower likelihood of overall malignancy (HR 0.63; 95% CI, 0.59-0.68) and each of the 10 site-specific cancers compared to the control group. Among these, pancreatic cancer (HR, 0.50) exhibited the strongest inverse association, followed by hepatic (HR, 0.60), gastric (HR, 0.63), kidney (HR, 0.63), lung (HR, 0.64), thyroid (HR, 0.65), colorectal (HR, 0.67), gallbladder and biliary duct (HR, 0.73), hematologic malignancy (HR, 0.73), and bladder cancers (HR, 0.76). This protective effect against certain organ-specific cancers persisted over the 16-year follow-up period, except for in kidney cancer and hematologic malignancies. The protective effect against specific cancer types (gastric, colorectal, lung, hepatic, and pancreatic) was more prominent in individuals aged 60 years and older, regardless of their sex. However, there were some variations in the specific types of cancer observed between males and females. In summary, Korean patients with AD had a lower risk of cancer, especially in individuals 60 years and older, during the 16-year follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Suk Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea; (H.S.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Ji Hee Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyun Lim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea; (H.S.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Joo-Hee Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hye-Mi Noh
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Suseo Seoul E.N.T. Clinic and MD Analytics, 10, Bamgogae-ro 1-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06349, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyueng-Whan Min
- Department of Pathology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, 712, Dongil-ro, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Republic of Korea;
| | - Nan Young Kim
- Hallym Institute of Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mi Jung Kwon
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences for Convergence Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
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17
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Brookes KJ. Evaluating the Classification Accuracy of Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Calculated Polygenic Risk Scores in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12799. [PMID: 37628980 PMCID: PMC10454324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygenic risk scores (PRS) hold promise for the early identification of those at risk from neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), allowing for intervention to occur prior to neuronal damage. The current selection of informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to generate the risk scores is based on the modelling of large genome-wide association data using significance thresholds. However, the biological relevance of these SNPs is largely unknown. This study, in contrast, aims to identify SNPs with biological relevance to AD and then assess them for their ability to accurately classify cases and controls. Samples selected from the Brains for Dementia Research (BDR) were used to produce gene expression data to identify potential expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) relevant to AD. These SNPs were then incorporated into a PRS model to classify AD and controls in the full BDR cohort. Models derived from these eQTLs demonstrate modest classification potential with an accuracy between 61% and 67%. Although the model accuracy is not as high as some values in the literature based on significance thresholds from genome-wide association studies, these models may reflect a more biologically relevant model, which may provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keeley J Brookes
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
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18
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Dong Z, Xu M, Sun X, Wang X. Mendelian randomization and transcriptomic analysis reveal an inverse causal relationship between Alzheimer's disease and cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:527. [PMID: 37542274 PMCID: PMC10403895 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer are common age-related diseases, and epidemiological evidence suggests an inverse relationship between them. However, investigating the potential mechanism underlying their relationship remains insufficient. METHODS Based on genome-wide association summary statistics for 42,034 AD patients and 609,951 cancer patients from the GWAS Catalog using the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Moreover, we utilized two-step MR to identify metabolites mediating between AD and cancer. Furthermore, we employed colocalization analysis to identify genes whose upregulation is a risk factor for AD and demonstrated the genes' upregulation to be a favorable prognostic factor for cancer by analyzing transcriptomic data for 33 TCGA cancer types. RESULTS Two-sample MR analysis revealed a significant causal influence for increased AD risk on reduced cancer risk. Two-step MR analysis identified very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) as a key mediator of the negative cause-effect relationship between AD and cancer. Colocalization analysis uncovered PVRIG upregulation to be a risk factor for AD. Transcriptomic analysis showed that PVRIG expression had significant negative correlations with stemness scores, and positive correlations with antitumor immune responses and overall survival in pan-cancer and multiple cancer types. CONCLUSION AD may result in lower cancer risk. VLDL is a significant intermediate variable linking AD with cancer. PVRIG abundance is a risk factor for AD but a protective factor for cancer. This study demonstrates a causal influence for AD on cancer and provides potential molecular connections between both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Dong
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Mengli Xu
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Luhe People's Hospital, Nanjing, 211500, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Luhe Hospital Affiliated with Yangzhou University Medical College, Nanjing, 211500, China.
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
- Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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19
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Rojas-Saunero LP, Young JG, Didelez V, Ikram MA, Swanson SA. Considering Questions Before Methods in Dementia Research With Competing Events and Causal Goals. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:1415-1423. [PMID: 37139580 PMCID: PMC10403306 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying causal exposure effects on dementia is challenging when death is a competing event. Researchers often interpret death as a potential source of bias, although bias cannot be defined or assessed if the causal question is not explicitly specified. Here we discuss 2 possible notions of a causal effect on dementia risk: the "controlled direct effect" and the "total effect." We provide definitions and discuss the "censoring" assumptions needed for identification in either case and their link to familiar statistical methods. We illustrate concepts in a hypothetical randomized trial on smoking cessation in late midlife, and emulate such a trial using observational data from the Rotterdam Study, the Netherlands, 1990-2015. We estimated a total effect of smoking cessation (compared with continued smoking) on 20-year dementia risk of 2.1 (95% confidence interval: -0.1, 4.2) percentage points and a controlled direct effect of smoking cessation on 20-year dementia risk had death been prevented of -2.7 (95% confidence interval: -6.1, 0.8) percentage points. Our study highlights how analyses corresponding to different causal questions can have different results, here with point estimates on opposite sides of the null. Having a clear causal question in view of the competing event and transparent and explicit assumptions are essential to interpreting results and potential bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Paloma Rojas-Saunero
- Correspondence to Dr. L. Paloma Rojas-Saunero. Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Drive S., 46-070 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (e-mail: )
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20
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Tang Y, Zhang D, Robinson S, Zheng J. Inhibition of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Different Amyloid Proteins Reveals an Inverse Relationship between Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300070. [PMID: 37080947 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and cancers are considered to be two families of diseases caused by completely opposite cell-death mechanisms: the former caused by premature cell death, with the latter due to the increased resistance to cell death. Growing epidemiologic evidence appear to suggest an inverse correlation between neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. However, pathological links, particularly from a protein-cell interaction perspective, between these two families of diseases remains to be proven. Here, a fundamental study investigates the effects of three amyloid proteins of Aβ (associated with AD), hIAPP (associated with T2D), and hCT (associated with MTC) on pancreatic cancer (PANC-1) cells. Collective results demonstrate a general inhibitory activity of all of three amyloid proteins on cancer cell proliferation, but inhibition efficiencies are strongly dependent on amyloid sequence (Aβ, hIAPP, hCT), concentration (IC25, IC50, IC75), and aggregation states (monomers, oligomers). Amyloid proteins exhibit two pathways against cancer cells: amyloid monomer-induced ROS production to inhibit cell growth and amyloid oligomer-induced membrane disruption to kill cells. Collectively, the results demonstrate a general inhibition function of amyloid proteins to induce cancer cell death by preventing cell proliferation, suppressing cell migration, promoting reactive oxygen species production, and disrupting cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Tang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Sarah Robinson
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
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21
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Bouzid H, Belk JA, Jan M, Qi Y, Sarnowski C, Wirth S, Ma L, Chrostek MR, Ahmad H, Nachun D, Yao W, Beiser A, Bick AG, Bis JC, Fornage M, Longstreth WT, Lopez OL, Natarajan P, Psaty BM, Satizabal CL, Weinstock J, Larson EB, Crane PK, Keene CD, Seshadri S, Satpathy AT, Montine TJ, Jaiswal S. Clonal hematopoiesis is associated with protection from Alzheimer's disease. Nat Med 2023; 29:1662-1670. [PMID: 37322115 PMCID: PMC10353941 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a premalignant expansion of mutated hematopoietic stem cells. As CHIP-associated mutations are known to alter the development and function of myeloid cells, we hypothesized that CHIP may also be associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disease in which brain-resident myeloid cells are thought to have a major role. To perform association tests between CHIP and AD dementia, we analyzed blood DNA sequencing data from 1,362 individuals with AD and 4,368 individuals without AD. Individuals with CHIP had a lower risk of AD dementia (meta-analysis odds ratio (OR) = 0.64, P = 3.8 × 10-5), and Mendelian randomization analyses supported a potential causal association. We observed that the same mutations found in blood were also detected in microglia-enriched fraction of the brain in seven of eight CHIP carriers. Single-nucleus chromatin accessibility profiling of brain-derived nuclei in six CHIP carriers revealed that the mutated cells comprised a large proportion of the microglial pool in the samples examined. While additional studies are required to validate the mechanistic findings, these results suggest that CHIP may have a role in attenuating the risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Bouzid
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julia A Belk
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Max Jan
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanyan Qi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chloé Sarnowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara Wirth
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Ma
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew R Chrostek
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Herra Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Nachun
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Winnie Yao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexa Beiser
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander G Bick
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William T Longstreth
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Weinstock
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric B Larson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Siddhartha Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- The Phil & Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience at the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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22
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Ospina-Romero M, Brenowitz WD, Glymour MM, Westrick A, Graff RE, Hayes-Larson E, Mayeda ER, Ackley SF, Kobayashi LC. Education, incident cancer, and rate of memory decline in a national sample of US adults in mid-to-later-life. J Geriatr Oncol 2023; 14:101530. [PMID: 37210786 PMCID: PMC10332197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2023.101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Middle-aged and older adults who develop cancer experience memory loss following diagnosis, but memory decline in the years before and after cancer diagnosis is slower compared to their cancer-free counterparts. Educational attainment strongly predicts memory function during aging, but it is unclear whether education protects against memory loss related to cancer incidence or modifies long-term memory trajectories in middle-aged and older cancer survivors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were from 14,449 adults (3,248 with incident cancer, excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) aged 50+ in the population-based US Health and Retirement Study from 1998 to 2016. Memory was assessed every two years as a composite of immediate and delayed word recall tests and proxy assessments for impaired individuals. Memory scores all time points were standardized at to the baseline distribution. Using multivariate-adjusted linear mixed-effects models, we estimated rates of memory decline in the years before cancer diagnosis, shortly after diagnosis, and in the years after diagnosis. We compared rates of memory decline between incident cancer cases and age-matched cancer-free adults, overall and according to level of education (<12 years, "low"; 12 to <16 years, "intermediate"; ≥16 years, "high"). RESULTS Incident cancer diagnoses were followed by short-term declines in memory averaging 0.06 standard deviation (SD) units (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.084, -0.036). Those with low education experienced the strongest magnitude of short-term decline in memory after diagnosis (-0.10 SD units, 95% CI: -0.15, -0.05), but this estimate was not statistically significantly different from the short-term decline in memory experienced by those with high education (-0.04 SD units, 95% CI: -0.08, 0.01; p-value for education as an effect modifier = 0.15). In the years prior to and following an incident cancer diagnosis, higher educational attainment was associated with better memory, but it did not modify the difference in rate of long-term memory decline between cancer survivors and those who remained cancer-free. DISCUSSION Education was associated with better memory function over time among both cancer survivors and cancer-free adults aged 50 and over. Low education may be associated with a stronger short-term decline in memory after a cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ospina-Romero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, United States of America; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, United States of America.
| | - Willa D Brenowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, United States of America
| | - M Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Ashly Westrick
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, United States of America
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Eleanor Hayes-Larson
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Rose Mayeda
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Sarah F Ackley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Lindsay C Kobayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, United States of America
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23
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Sugier P, Lucotte EA, Domenighetti C, Law MH, Iles MM, Brown K, Amos C, McKay JD, Hung RJ, Karimi M, Bacq‐Daian D, Boland‐Augé A, Olaso R, Deleuze J, Lesueur F, Ostroumova E, Kesminiene A, de Vathaire F, Guénel P, Sreelatha AAK, Schulte C, Grover S, May P, Bobbili DR, Radivojkov‐Blagojevic M, Lichtner P, Singleton AB, Hernandez DG, Edsall C, Mellick GD, Zimprich A, Pirker W, Rogaeva E, Lang AE, Koks S, Taba P, Lesage S, Brice A, Corvol J, Chartier‐Harlin M, Mutez E, Brockmann K, Deutschländer AB, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Dardiotis E, Stefanis L, Simitsi AM, Valente EM, Petrucci S, Straniero L, Zecchinelli A, Pezzoli G, Brighina L, Ferrarese C, Annesi G, Quattrone A, Gagliardi M, Matsuo H, Nakayama A, Hattori N, Nishioka K, Chung SJ, Kim YJ, Kolber P, van de Warrenburg BP, Bloem BR, Aasly J, Toft M, Pihlstrøm L, Guedes LC, Ferreira JJ, Bardien S, Carr J, Tolosa E, Ezquerra M, Pastor P, Diez‐Fairen M, Wirdefeldt K, Pedersen N, Ran C, Belin AC, Puschmann A, Rödström EY, Clarke CE, Morrison KE, Tan M, Krainc D, Burbulla LF, Farrer MJ, Kruger R, Gasser T, Sharma M, Truong T, Elbaz A. Investigation of Shared Genetic Risk Factors Between Parkinson's Disease and Cancers. Mov Disord 2023; 38:604-615. [PMID: 36788297 PMCID: PMC10334300 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies that examined the association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancers led to inconsistent results, but they face a number of methodological difficulties. OBJECTIVE We used results from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to study the genetic correlation between PD and different cancers to identify common genetic risk factors. METHODS We used individual data for participants of European ancestry from the Courage-PD (Comprehensive Unbiased Risk Factor Assessment for Genetics and Environment in Parkinson's Disease; PD, N = 16,519) and EPITHYR (differentiated thyroid cancer, N = 3527) consortia and summary statistics of GWASs from iPDGC (International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium; PD, N = 482,730), Melanoma Meta-Analysis Consortium (MMAC), Breast Cancer Association Consortium (breast cancer), the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (prostate cancer), International Lung Cancer Consortium (lung cancer), and Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (ovarian cancer) (N comprised between 36,017 and 228,951 for cancer GWASs). We estimated the genetic correlation between PD and cancers using linkage disequilibrium score regression. We studied the association between PD and polymorphisms associated with cancers, and vice versa, using cross-phenotypes polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses. RESULTS We confirmed a previously reported positive genetic correlation of PD with melanoma (Gcorr = 0.16 [0.04; 0.28]) and reported an additional significant positive correlation of PD with prostate cancer (Gcorr = 0.11 [0.03; 0.19]). There was a significant inverse association between the PRS for ovarian cancer and PD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89 [0.84; 0.94]). Conversely, the PRS of PD was positively associated with breast cancer (OR = 1.08 [1.06; 1.10]) and inversely associated with ovarian cancer (OR = 0.95 [0.91; 0.99]). The association between PD and ovarian cancer was mostly driven by rs183211 located in an intron of the NSF gene (17q21.31). CONCLUSIONS We show evidence in favor of a contribution of pleiotropic genes to the association between PD and specific cancers. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre‐Emmanuel Sugier
- Université Paris‐Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Team “Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health”, CESPVillejuifFrance
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de leurs Applications de PauE2S UPPA, CNRSPauFrance
| | - Elise A. Lucotte
- Université Paris‐Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Team “Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health”, CESPVillejuifFrance
| | - Cloé Domenighetti
- Université Paris‐Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Team “Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health”, CESPVillejuifFrance
| | - Matthew H. Law
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Mark M. Iles
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and PathologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin Brown
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Christopher Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchBaylor Medical College of MedecineHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Rayjean J. Hung
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health SystemTorontoOntarioCanada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Mojgan Karimi
- Université Paris‐Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Team “Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health”, CESPVillejuifFrance
| | - Delphine Bacq‐Daian
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François JacobEvryFrance
| | - Anne Boland‐Augé
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François JacobEvryFrance
| | - Robert Olaso
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François JacobEvryFrance
| | - Jean‐françois Deleuze
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François JacobEvryFrance
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Inserm, U900, Institut Curie, PSL University, Mines ParisTechParisFrance
| | | | | | - Florent de Vathaire
- Université Paris‐Saclay, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Team “Epidemiology of radiations,” CESPVillejuifFrance
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Université Paris‐Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Team “Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health”, CESPVillejuifFrance
| | | | - Ashwin Ashok Kumar Sreelatha
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied BiometryUniversity of TubingenTübingenGermany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TubingenTübingenGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesTübingenGermany
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied BiometryUniversity of TubingenTübingenGermany
| | - Patrick May
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐BelvalLuxembourg
| | - Dheeraj R. Bobbili
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐BelvalLuxembourg
| | | | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Andrew B. Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Center For Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Dena G. Hernandez
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Connor Edsall
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - George D. Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanAustralia
| | | | - Walter Pirker
- Department of NeurologyKlinik OttakringViennaAustria
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Anthony E. Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders ClinicToronto Western Hospital, UHNTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of NeurologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Krembil Brain InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sulev Koks
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative TherapeuticsMurdoch UniversityMurdochAustralia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceNedlandsAustralia
| | - Pille Taba
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Neurology Clinic, Tartu University HospitalTartuEstonia
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Department of NeurologySorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Alexis Brice
- Department of NeurologySorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Jean‐Christophe Corvol
- Department of NeurologySorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of NeurologyCIC NeurosciencesParisFrance
| | | | - Eugénie Mutez
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR‐S 1172, LilNCog, Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & CognitionLilleFrance
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TubingenTübingenGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesTübingenGermany
| | - Angela B. Deutschländer
- Department of NeurologyLudwig Maximilians University of MunichMunichGermany
- Department of NeurologyMax Planck Institute of PsychiatryMunichGermany
| | - Georges M. Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical GenomicsMayo Clinic FloridaJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of NeurogeneticsUniversity of Thessaly, University Hospital of LarissaLarissaGreece
- Department of NeurologyMedical School, University of CyprusNicosiaCyprus
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of NeurogeneticsUniversity of Thessaly, University Hospital of LarissaLarissaGreece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
- Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational ResearchBiomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Athina Maria Simitsi
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly
| | - Simona Petrucci
- UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell DiagnosticsS. Andrea University HospitalRomeItaly
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | | | - Anna Zecchinelli
- Parkinson Institute, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTOMilanItaly
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Parkinson Institute, Fontazione Grigioni–Via ZurettiMilanItaly
| | - Laura Brighina
- Department of NeurologySan Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Milano BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- Department of NeurologySan Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Milano BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Grazia Annesi
- Institute for Biomedical Research and InnovationNational Research CouncilCosenzaItaly
| | - Andrea Quattrone
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesMagna Graecia University of CatanzaroCatanzaroItaly
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Neuroscience Research CenterMagna Graecia UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Monica Gagliardi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Neuroscience Research CenterMagna Graecia UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Hirotaka Matsuo
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio‐Nano MedicineNational Defense Medical CollegeSaitamaJapan
| | - Akiyoshi Nakayama
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio‐Nano MedicineNational Defense Medical CollegeSaitamaJapan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kenya Nishioka
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Department of NeurologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Pierre Kolber
- Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourg
| | - Bart P.C. van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical CentreDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R. Bloem
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical CentreDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Jan Aasly
- Department of NeurologySt. Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Mathias Toft
- Department of NeurologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | | | - Leonor Correia Guedes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa MariaCentro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN)LisbonPortugal
| | - Joaquim J. Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa MariaCentro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN)LisbonPortugal
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Jonathan Carr
- Division of Neurology, Department of MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018‐ISCIII)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Mario Ezquerra
- Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de NeurociènciesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital Germans Trias i PujolBarcelonaSpain
| | - Monica Diez‐Fairen
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua TerrassaBarcelonaSpain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of NeurologyHospital Universitari Mutua de TerrassaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Karin Wirdefeldt
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Nancy Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Caroline Ran
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Andrea C. Belin
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Andreas Puschmann
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, NeurologyLundSweden
| | - Emil Ygland Rödström
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, NeurologyLundSweden
| | - Carl E. Clarke
- University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS TrustBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Karen E. Morrison
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life SciencesQueens UniversityBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Manuela Tan
- Department of NeurologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Lena F. Burbulla
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesTübingenGermany
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
| | - Matt J. Farrer
- Department of NeurologyMcKnight Brain Institute, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Rejko Kruger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐BelvalLuxembourg
- NeurologyCentre Hospitalier de LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourg
- Parkinson's Research ClinicCentre Hospitalier de LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourg
- Transversal Translational MedicineLuxembourg Institute of HealthStrassenLuxembourg
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TubingenTübingenGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesTübingenGermany
| | - Manu Sharma
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied BiometryUniversity of TubingenTübingenGermany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TubingenTübingenGermany
| | | | - Thérèse Truong
- Université Paris‐Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Team “Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health”, CESPVillejuifFrance
| | - Alexis Elbaz
- Université Paris‐Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Team “Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health”, CESPVillejuifFrance
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24
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Hsiao JM, Penalva YCM, Wu HYL, Xiao B, Jansen G, Dejgaard K, Young JC, Munter LM. Putative Protein Interactome of the Rhomboid Protease RHBDL4. Biochemistry 2023; 62:1209-1218. [PMID: 36857408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The physiological functions of the rhomboid-related protein 4 (RHBDL4) are emerging, but their molecular details remain unclear. Because increased expression of RHBDL4 has been clinically linked to poorer outcomes in cancer patients, this association urgently demands a better understanding of RHBDL4. To elucidate the molecular interactions and pathways that RHBDL4 may be involved in, we conducted proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) assays. Our analyses corroborated several of the expected protein interactors such as the transitional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ATPase VCP/p97 (TERA), but they also described novel putative interactors including IRS4, PGAM5, and GORS2. Using proximity-ligation assays, we validated VCP/p97, COPB, and VRK2 as proteins that are in proximity to RHBDL4. Overall, our results support the emerging functions of RHBDL4 in ER quality control and also point toward putative RHBDL4 functions in protein membrane insertion and membrane organization and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ylauna Christine Mégane Penalva
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal H3G 0B1, Québec, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Québec, Canada
- Cell Information Systems Group, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal H3G 0B1, Québec, Canada
| | - Helen Yee-Li Wu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal H3G 0B1, Québec, Canada
- Cell Information Systems Group, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal H3G 0B1, Québec, Canada
| | - Bin Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal H3G 0B1, Québec, Canada
- Cell Information Systems Group, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal H3G 0B1, Québec, Canada
| | - Gregor Jansen
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3G 0B1, Québec, Canada
| | - Kurt Dejgaard
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3G 0B1, Québec, Canada
| | - Jason C Young
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3G 0B1, Québec, Canada
| | - Lisa Marie Munter
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal H3G 0B1, Québec, Canada
- Cell Information Systems Group, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal H3G 0B1, Québec, Canada
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25
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Ono R, Sakurai T, Sugimoto T, Uchida K, Nakagawa T, Noguchi T, Komatsu A, Arai H, Saito T. Mortality Risks and Causes of Death by Dementia Types in a Japanese Cohort with Dementia: NCGG-Stories. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:487-498. [PMID: 36776074 PMCID: PMC10041427 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis-related information regarding dementia needs to be updated, as changes in medical and long-term care environments for patients with dementia in recent decades may be improving the prognosis of the disease. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the mortality, cause of death, and prognostic factors by types of dementia in a Japanese clinic-based cohort. METHODS The National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Life Stories of People with Dementia consists of clinical records and prognostic data of patients who visited the Memory Clinic in Japan. Patients who attended the clinic between July 2010 and September 2018, or their close relatives, were asked about death information via a postal survey. A cohort of 3,229 patients (mean age, 76.9; female, 1,953) was classified into six groups: normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. A Cox proportional hazards model was employed to compare the mortality of each type of dementia, MCI, and NC. RESULTS Patients with all types of dementia and MCI had higher mortality rates than those with NC (hazard risks: 2.61-5.20). The most common cause of death was pneumonia, followed by cancer. In the MCI, AD, and DLB groups, older age, male sex, and low cognitive function were common prognostic factors but not presence of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest important differences in the mortality risk and cause of death among patients with dementia, which will be useful in advanced care planning and policymaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Ono
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Cognition and Behavior Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taiki Sugimoto
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Uchida
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakagawa
- Department of Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taiji Noguchi
- Department of Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayane Komatsu
- Department of Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tami Saito
- Department of Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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26
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Du XL, Song L. A Large Retrospective Cohort Study on the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias in Association with Vascular Diseases and Cancer Therapy in Men with Prostate Cancer. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2023; 10:193-206. [PMID: 36946446 PMCID: PMC10709824 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No study was conducted on the long-term risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) in association with vascular diseases in men with prostate cancer. OBJECTIVES To determine the 26-year risk of ADRD in association with cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, hypertension, and diabetes in a nationwide cohort of men with prostate cancer. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) areas of the United States. PARTICIPANTS 351,571 men diagnosed with prostate cancer at age ≥65 years. MEASUREMENTS Main exposures were CVD, stroke, hypertension, and diabetes. Main outcome was the incidence of ADRD. RESULTS The crude 26-year cumulative incidence of any ADRD was higher in those with versus without CVD (33.80% vs 29.11%), stroke (40.70% vs 28.03%), hypertension (30.88% vs 27.31%), and diabetes (32.23% vs 28.68%). Men with CVD (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.15-1.20), stroke (1.59, 1.56-1.61), hypertension (1.13, 1.11-1.14), and diabetes (1.25, 1.23-1.27) were significantly more likely to develop ADRD than those without. Patients with 4 of these vascular diseases were 161% more likely to develop ADRD (2.61, 2.47-2.76) than those without. The risk of AD (0.89, 0.87-0.91) and ADRD (0.91, 0.90-0.93) became significantly lower in men with prostate cancer who received androgen deprivation therapy as compared to those who did not after considering death as a competing risk. CONCLUSIONS In men with prostate cancer, vascular diseases were associated with significantly higher risks of developing ADRD. Androgen deprivation therapy was associated with a significantly decreased risk of AD in men with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Du
- Xianglin L. Du, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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27
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Xia S, Yu X, Chen G. Pain as a Protective Factor for Alzheimer Disease in Patients with Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010248. [PMID: 36612244 PMCID: PMC9818585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer disease (AD) and cancer have been reported to be inversely correlated in incidence, but the mechanism remains elusive. METHODS A case-control study was conducted, based on the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) Research Plus data, to evaluate 12 factors in patients with cancer. RESULTS Severe pain was related to reduced AD risk, while older age at cancer diagnosis, female, longer survival years after tumor diagnosis, more benign/borderline tumors, less cancer-directed surgery, and more chemotherapy were associated with higher AD risk. In addition, patients of different races or with different cancer sites were associated with different risks of getting AD. Cases had a higher prevalence of severe pain than controls in all race and cancer site subgroups, except for in digestive cancer, where the result was the opposite. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated pain as a novel protective factor for AD in patients with cancer. The mechanism behind it may provide new perspective on AD pathogenesis and AD-cancer association, which we discussed in our own hypothesis of the mechanism of pain action. In addition, digestive cancer pain had an opposite impact on AD risk from other cancer pains, which suggests the uniqueness of digestive system in interacting with the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1380-5716-226
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28
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Ashley L, Surr C, Kelley R, Price M, Griffiths AW, Fowler NR, Giza DE, Neal RD, Martin C, Hopkinson JB, O'Donovan A, Dale W, Koczwara B, Spencer K, Wyld L. Cancer care for people with dementia: Literature overview and recommendations for practice and research. CA Cancer J Clin 2022; 73:320-338. [PMID: 36512303 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As many countries experience population aging, patients with cancer are becoming older and have more preexisting comorbidities, which include prevalent, age-related, chronic conditions such as dementia. People living with dementia (PLWD) are vulnerable to health disparities, and dementia has high potential to complicate and adversely affect care and outcomes across the cancer trajectory. This report offers an overview of dementia and its prevalence among patients with cancer and a summary of the research literature examining cancer care for PLWD. The reviewed research indicates that PLWD are more likely to have cancer diagnosed at an advanced stage, receive no or less extensive cancer treatment, and have poorer survival after a cancer diagnosis. These cancer disparities do not necessarily signify inappropriately later diagnosis or lower treatment of people with dementia as a group, and they are arguably less feasible and appropriate targets for care optimization. The reviewed research indicates that PLWD also have an increased risk of cancer-related emergency presentations, lower quality processes of cancer-related decision making, accessibility-related barriers to cancer investigations and treatment, higher experienced treatment burden and higher caregiver burden for families, and undertreated cancer-related pain. The authors propose that optimal cancer care for PLWD should focus on proactively minimizing these risk areas and thus must be highly person-centered, with holistic decision making, individualized reasonable adjustments to practice, and strong inclusion and support of family carers. Comprehensive recommendations are made for clinical practice and future research to help clinicians and providers deliver best and equitable cancer care for PLWD and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ashley
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Claire Surr
- Centre for Dementia Research, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Rachael Kelley
- Centre for Dementia Research, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Mollie Price
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Nicole R Fowler
- Indiana University Center for Aging Research at Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Dana E Giza
- Joan and Stanford Alexander Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard D Neal
- Department of Health and Community Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Charlene Martin
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Anita O'Donovan
- Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity (ARTT), Discipline of Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William Dale
- Center for Cancer and Aging, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Bogda Koczwara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Flinders Medical Centre & Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Lynda Wyld
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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29
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Brenowitz WD, Yaffe K. Observational studies in Alzheimer disease: bridging preclinical studies and clinical trials. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:747-757. [PMID: 36316487 PMCID: PMC9894623 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent high-profile failures of Alzheimer disease treatments at the clinical trial stage have led to renewed efforts to identify and test novel interventions for Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD). In this Perspective, we highlight the importance of including well-designed observational studies as part of these efforts. Observational research is an important cornerstone for gathering evidence on risk factors and causes of ADRD; this evidence can then be combined with data from preclinical studies and randomized controlled trials to inform the development of effective interventions. Observational study designs can be particularly beneficial for hypothesis generation, posing questions that are unethical or impractical for a trial setting, studying life-course associations, research in populations typically not included in trials, and public health surveillance. Here, we discuss each of these situations in the specific context of ADRD research. We also highlight novel approaches to enhance causal inference and provide a timely discussion on how observational epidemiological studies help provide a bridge between preclinical studies and successful interventions for ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willa D Brenowitz
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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30
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Ng CAS, Biran LP, Galvano E, Mandelblatt J, Vicini S, Rebeck GW. Chemotherapy promotes astrocytic response to Aβ deposition, but not Aβ levels, in a mouse model of amyloid and APOE. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105915. [PMID: 36336241 PMCID: PMC9794416 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer survivors experience cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), which is characterized by problems of attention, working memory, and executive function following chemotherapy and/or hormonal treatment. APOE4, the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease (AD), is also a risk factor for CRCI, especially among survivors exposed to chemotherapy. We explored whether the effects of APOE genotype to chemotherapy were associated with an increase in AD pathological processes, using a mouse model of amyloid (5XFAD) along with the E3 or E4 alleles of human APOE (E3FAD and E4FAD). Six-month-old female E3FAD mice (control n = 5, treated n = 5) and E4FAD (control n = 6, treated n = 6) were treated with two doses of doxorubicin (total 10 mg/kg) or DMSO vehicle. After six weeks, mice were euthanized and brains were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and biochemical assays. Doxorubicin-treated mice had the same level of Aβ in the brain as control mice, as measured by 6E10 immunohistochemistry, Aβ40 and Aβ42 ELISAs, and plaque morphologies. Doxorubicin significantly increased the level of the astrocytic response to Aβ deposits, which was independent of APOE genotype; no effects of doxorubicin were observed on the microglial responses. These data are consistent with a model in which the effects of doxorubicin on risk of CRCI are unrelated amyloid accumulation, but possibly related to glial responses to damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christi Anne S. Ng
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Lucas P. Biran
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Elena Galvano
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jeanne Mandelblatt
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Georgetown Lombardi Institute for Cancer and Aging Research, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Stefano Vicini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - G. William Rebeck
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America,Corresponding author at: 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC 20007, United States of America. (G.W. Rebeck)
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31
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Koshal P, Matera I, Abruzzese V, Ostuni A, Bisaccia F. The Crosstalk between HepG2 and HMC-III Cells: In Vitro Modulation of Gene Expression with Conditioned Media. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214443. [PMID: 36430920 PMCID: PMC9696318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have postulated an inverse correlation between developing cancer and neurodegeneration. It is known that the secretome plays a vital role in cell-cell communication in health and disease; the microglia is the resident macrophage of the central nervous system which maintains neuronal integrity by adapting as the microenvironment changes. The present study aimed to identify, in a cell model, biomarkers that link neurodegenerative diseases to cancer or vice versa. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis were used to characterize the effects on gene and protein expression of human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) and human microglia (HMC-III) cells after exchanging part of their conditioned medium. Biomarkers of the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitophagy and inflammatory processes were evaluated. In both cell types, we observed the activation of cytoprotective mechanisms against any potential pro-oxidant or pro-inflammatory signals present in secretomes. In contrast, HepG2 but not HMC-III cells seem to trigger autophagic processes following treatment with conditioned medium of microglia, thus suggesting a cell-specific adaptive response.
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32
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Passarella D, Ciampi S, Di Liberto V, Zuccarini M, Ronci M, Medoro A, Foderà E, Frinchi M, Mignogna D, Russo C, Porcile C. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 8 at the Crossroad between Cancer and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168921. [PMID: 36012187 PMCID: PMC9408729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-density-lipoprotein receptors represent a family of pleiotropic cell surface receptors involved in lipid homeostasis, cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. The family shares common structural features but also has significant differences mainly due to tissue-specific interactors and to peculiar proteolytic processing. Among the receptors in the family, recent studies place low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8) at the center of both neurodegenerative and cancer-related pathways. From one side, its overexpression has been highlighted in many types of cancer including breast, gastric, prostate, lung and melanoma; from the other side, LRP8 has a potential role in neurodegeneration as apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and reelin receptor, which are, respectively, the major risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the main driver of neuronal migration, and as a γ-secretase substrate, the main enzyme responsible for amyloid formation in AD. The present review analyzes the contributions of LDL receptors, specifically of LRP8, in both cancer and neurodegeneration, pointing out that depending on various interactions and peculiar processing, the receptor can contribute to both proliferative and neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Passarella
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Silvia Ciampi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Emanuele Foderà
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Donatella Mignogna
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Claudio Russo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0874404897
| | - Carola Porcile
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
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33
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Karanth SD, Katsumata Y, Nelson PT, Fardo DW, McDowell JK, Schmitt FA, Kryscio RJ, Browning SR, Braithwaite D, Arnold SM, Abner EL. Cancer diagnosis is associated with a lower burden of dementia and less Alzheimer's-type neuropathology. Brain 2022; 145:2518-2527. [PMID: 35094057 PMCID: PMC9612796 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and Alzheimer's disease are common diseases in ageing populations. Previous research has reported a lower incidence of Alzheimer's disease-type (amnestic) dementia among individuals with a diagnosis of cancer. Both cancer and amnestic dementia are prevalent and potentially lethal clinical syndromes. The current study was conducted to investigate the association of cancer diagnosis with neuropathological and cognitive features of dementia. Data were analysed from longitudinally evaluated participants in a community-based cohort study of brain ageing who came to autopsy at the University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. These data were linked to the Kentucky Cancer Registry, a population-based state cancer surveillance system, to obtain cancer-related data. We examined the relationship between cancer diagnosis, clinical dementia diagnosis, Mini-Mental State Examination scores and neuropathological features using inverse probability weighting to address bias due to confounding and missing data. To address bias due to inclusion of participants with dementia at cohort baseline, we repeated all analyses restricted to the participants who were cognitively normal at baseline. Included participants (n = 785) had a mean ± standard deviation age of death of 83.8 ± 8.6 years; 60.1% were female. Cancer diagnosis was determined in 190 (24.2%) participants, and a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or dementia was determined in 539 (68.7%). APOE ɛ4 allele dosage was lower among participants with cancer diagnosis compared to cancer-free participants overall (P = 0.0072); however, this association was not observed among those who were cognitively normal at baseline. Participants with cancer diagnosis had lower odds of mild cognitive impairment or dementia, and higher cognitive test scores (e.g. Mini-Mental State Examination scores evaluated 6 and ≤2 years ante-mortem, P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Cancer diagnosis also associated with lower odds of higher Braak neurofibrillary tangle stages (III/IV) or (V/VI), moderate/frequent neuritic plaques, moderate/frequent diffuse plaques and moderate/severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy (all P < 0.05). By contrast, TDP-43, α-synuclein and cerebrovascular pathologies were not associated with cancer diagnosis. Cancer diagnosis was associated with a lower burden of Alzheimer's disease pathology and less cognitive impairment. These findings from a community-based cohort with neuropathological confirmation of substrates support the hypothesis that there is an inverse relationship between cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama D Karanth
- Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jaclyn K McDowell
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Control Program, Kentucky Cancer Registry, Lexington, KY 40504, USA
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Richard J Kryscio
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Steven R Browning
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Dejana Braithwaite
- Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Population Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Susanne M Arnold
- Markey Cancer Control Program, Kentucky Cancer Registry, Lexington, KY 40504, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Erin L Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Zhang DD, Ou YN, Fu Y, Wang ZB, Huang LY, Tan L, Yu JT. Risk of Dementia in Cancer Survivors: A Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Cohort Studies. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:367-380. [PMID: 35871349 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: A negative association between cancer and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was revealed. Objective: We aimed to further explore the dementia risk among cancer survivors and then among cancer survivors who received cancer treatment in subsequent subgroup analyses. Methods: Databases of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception to April 1, 2021, following PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Relative risks (RR) of dementia were pooled by a random-effects model stratifying the data by potential confounding factors to explore the heterogeneity. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42021250654. Results: A total of 36 studies were included in this meta-analysis, of which 16 studies were about the risk of dementia in cancer survivors, and 20 studies were about the risk of dementia in survivors who accepted cancer treatment. The pooled RR reached 0.89 ([95% CI = 0.82–0.97], I2 = 97.9%) for dementia and 0.89 ([0.83–0.95], I2 = 92.6%) for AD in cancer survivors compared with non-cancer controls. Notably, both dementia risk and AD risk significantly decreased in survivors of colon, leukemia, small intestine, and thyroid cancers (RR ranged from 0.64 to 0.92). Furthermore, prostate cancer patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy exhibited a significantly increased risk of dementia (RR:1.18 [1.09–1.27], I2 = 89.5%) and AD (RR:1.17 [1.08–1.25], I2 = 81.3%), with evidence of between-study heterogeneity. Conclusion: Currently, available evidence suggests that the risk of dementia among cancer survivors is decreased. However, large-scale prospective cohort studies are warranted to further prove the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi-Bo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang-Yu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ssentongo P, McCall-Hosenfeld JS, Calo WA, Moss J, Lengerich EJ, Chinchilli VM, Ba DM. Association of human papillomavirus vaccination with cervical cancer screening: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29329. [PMID: 35839062 PMCID: PMC11132352 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prophylactic vaccination and routine screening are effective at preventing most cases of cervical cancer. Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer among women. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between human papillomavirus virus (HPV) vaccination (1, 2, or 3 doses) and cervical cancer screening. METHODS PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library electronic databases were systematically searched from July 1, 2006, up to September 30, 2021. We pooled estimates using random-effects models. Heterogeneity between studies was quantified using Cochran Q test and I2 statistics. In total, 12 studies involving 2.4 million individuals were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS In the adjusted estimates, uptake of HPV vaccination was associated with increased cervical cancer screening (pooled relative risk [RR]: 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21, 1.50; n = 12). Between-study heterogeneity was large (I2 = 99%). Compared to unvaccinated, those who received 3 doses of HPV vaccine had the highest uptake of cervical cancer screening (RR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.58, 2.17), followed by those who received 2 doses (RR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.47). No statistically significant association with screening was found for those who received a single dose of the HPV vaccine. CONCLUSION In this meta-analysis, uptake of HPV vaccination was associated with higher cervical cancer screening. It is plausible that vaccinated individuals are more likely to engage in preventive health behaviors. Healthcare providers should remind patients to continue with routine screening for cervical cancer regardless of their HPV vaccine status since vaccination does not protect against all HPV types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paddy Ssentongo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
- College of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | - Jennifer S. McCall-Hosenfeld
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
- Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - William A. Calo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Jennifer Moss
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Eugene J. Lengerich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Vernon M. Chinchilli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Djibril M. Ba
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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Liu S, Liu J, He L, Liu L, Cheng B, Zhou F, Cao D, He Y. A Comprehensive Review on the Benefits and Problems of Curcumin with Respect to Human Health. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144400. [PMID: 35889273 PMCID: PMC9319031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is the most important active component in turmeric extracts. Curcumin, a natural monomer from plants has received a considerable attention as a dietary supplement, exhibiting evident activity in a wide range of human pathological conditions. In general, curcumin is beneficial to human health, demonstrating pharmacological activities of anti-inflammation and antioxidation, as well as antitumor and immune regulation activities. Curcumin also presents therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In this review article, we summarize the advancements made in recent years with respect to curcumin as a biologically active agent in malignant tumors, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), hematological diseases and viral infectious diseases. We also focus on problems associated with curcumin from basic research to clinical translation, such as its low solubility, leading to poor bioavailability, as well as the controversy surrounding the association between curcumin purity and effect. Through a review and summary of the clinical research on curcumin and case reports of adverse effects, we found that the clinical transformation of curcumin is not successful, and excessive intake of curcumin may have adverse effects on the kidneys, heart, liver, blood and immune system, which leads us to warn that curcumin has a long way to go from basic research to application transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- Post-Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Jie Liu
- Post-Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Lan He
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China; (L.H.); (B.C.)
| | - Liu Liu
- Post-Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Bo Cheng
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China; (L.H.); (B.C.)
| | - Fangliang Zhou
- Post-Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (F.Z.)
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine and Protecting Visual Function, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Post-Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (F.Z.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yingchun He
- Post-Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (F.Z.)
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine and Protecting Visual Function, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (Y.H.)
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Hinwood M, Nyberg J, Leigh L, Gustavsson S, Attia J, Oldmeadow C, Ilicic M, Linden T, Åberg ND, Levi C, Spratt N, Carey LM, Pollack M, Johnson SJ, Kuhn GH, Walker FR, Nilsson M. Do P2Y12 receptor inhibitors prescribed poststroke modify the risk of cognitive disorder or dementia? Protocol for a target trial using multiple national Swedish registries. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058244. [PMID: 35534077 PMCID: PMC9086614 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The target of a class of antiplatelet medicines, P2Y12R inhibitors, exists both on platelets and on brain immune cells (microglia). This protocol aims to describe a causal (based on a counterfactual model) approach for analysing whether P2Y12R inhibitors prescribed for secondary prevention poststroke may increase the risk of cognitive disorder or dementia via their actions on microglia, using real-world evidence. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This will be a cohort study nested within the Swedish National Health and Medical Registers, including all people with incident stroke from 2006 to 2016. We developed directed acyclic graphs to operationalise the causal research question considering potential time-independent and time-dependent confounding, using input from several experts. We developed a study protocol following the components of the target trial approach described by Hernan et al and describe the data structure that would be required in order to make a causal inference. We also describe the statistical approach required to derive the causal estimand associated with this important clinical question; that is, a time-to-event analysis for the development of cognitive disorder or dementia at 1, 2 and 5-year follow-up, based on approaches for competing events to account for the risk of all-cause mortality. Causal effect estimates and the precision in these estimates will be quantified. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Gothenburg and Confidentiality Clearance at Statistics Sweden with Dnr 937-18, and an approved addendum with Dnr 2019-0157. The analysis and interpretation of the results will be heavily reliant on the structure, quality and potential for bias of the databases used. When we implement the protocol, we will consider and document any biases specific to the dataset and conduct appropriate sensitivity analyses. Findings will be disseminated to local stakeholders via conferences, and published in appropriate scientific journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Hinwood
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jenny Nyberg
- Centre for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Lucy Leigh
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sara Gustavsson
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Forensic Toxicology National Board of Forensic Medicine, Linköping, Sweden
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marina Ilicic
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Linden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Florey Neuroscience Institutes, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - N David Åberg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- Department of Acute Medicine and Geriatrics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Chris Levi
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil Spratt
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Leeanne M Carey
- Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Florey Neuroscience Institutes, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University - Melbourne Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Pollack
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah J Johnson
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Center for Human and Health Sciences, Centre for Rehab Innovations, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Georg Hans Kuhn
- Centre for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- Institute for Public Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederick R Walker
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Center for Human and Health Sciences, Centre for Rehab Innovations, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Nilsson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- Center for Human and Health Sciences, Centre for Rehab Innovations, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Eno EA, Louis H, Ekoja P, Benjamin I, Adalikwu SS, Orosun MM, Unimuke TO, Asogwa FC, Agwamba EC. Experimental and computational modeling of the biological activity of benzaldehyde sulphur trioxide as a potential drug for the treatment of Alzheimer disease. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Shang X, Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Liu J, Wang W, Tang S, Yu H, Ge Z, Yang X, He M. Association of a wide range of individual chronic diseases and their multimorbidity with brain volumes in the UK Biobank: A cross-sectional study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 47:101413. [PMID: 35518119 PMCID: PMC9065617 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding associations of conventional and emerging diseases and their multimorbidity with brain volumes. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 36,647 European ancestry individuals aged 44-81 years with brain magnetic resonance imaging data from UK Biobank. Brain volumes were measured between 02 May 2014 and 31 October 2019. General linear regression models were used to associate 57 individual major diseases with brain volumes. Latent class analysis was used to identify multimorbidity patterns. A multimorbidity score for brain volumes was computed based on the estimates for individual groups of diseases. FINDINGS Out of 57 major diseases, 16 were associated with smaller volumes of total brain, 14 with smaller volumes of grey matter, and six with smaller hippocampus volumes, and four major diseases were associated with higher white matter hyperintensity (WMH) load after adjustment for all other diseases. The leading contributors to the variance of total brain volume were hypertension (R2=0·0229), dyslipidemia (0·0190), cataract (0·0176), coronary heart disease (0·0107), and diabetes (0·0077). We identified six major multimorbidity patterns and multimorbidity patterns of cardiometabolic disorders (CMD), and CMD-multiple disorders, and metabolic disorders were independently associated with smaller volumes of total brain (β (95% CI): -6·6 (-8·9, -4·3) ml, -7·3 (-10·4, -4·1) ml, and -10·4 (-13·5, -7·3) ml, respectively), grey matter (-7·1 (-8·5, -5·7) ml, -9·0 (-10·9, -7·1) ml, and -11·8 (-13·6, -9·9) ml, respectively), and higher WMH load (0·23 (0·19, 0·27), 0·25 (0·19, 0·30), and 0·33 (0·27, 0·39), respectively) after adjustment for geographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors (all P-values<0·0001). The percentage of the variance of total brain volume explained by multimorbidity patterns, multimorbidity defined by the number of diseases, and multimorbidity score was 1·2%, 3·1%, and 7·2%, respectively. Associations between CMD-multiple disorders pattern, and metabolic disorders pattern and volumes of total brain, grey matter, and WMH were stronger in men than in women. Associations between multimorbidity and brain volumes were stronger in younger than in older individuals. INTERPRETATION Besides conventional diseases, we found an association between numerous emerging diseases and smaller brain volumes. CMD-related multimorbidity patterns are associated with smaller brain volumes. Men or younger adults with multimorbidity are more in need of care for promoting brain health. These findings are from an association study and will need confirmation. FUNDING The Fundamental Research Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Project of Investigation on Health Status of Employees in Financial Industry in Guangzhou, China (Z012014075), Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (202,002,020,049).
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- APOE4, Apolipoprotein E ε4
- BMI, body mass index
- Brain volume
- CHD, coronary heart disease
- CI, confidence interval
- CKD, chronic kidney disease
- CMD, cardiometabolic disorders
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- FDR, false discovery rate
- Grey matter
- Hippocampus
- Major diseases
- Moderation analysis
- Multimorbidity
- OLS, ordinary least squares
- WMH, white matter hyperintensity
- White matter hyperintensity
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Xiayin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shulin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Honghua Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zongyuan Ge
- Monash e-Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Airdoc Research, Nvidia AI Technology Research Center, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Mingguang He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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Jeong H, Shin H, Hong S, Kim Y. Physiological Roles of Monomeric Amyloid-β and Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:65-88. [PMID: 35673997 PMCID: PMC9194638 DOI: 10.5607/en22004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) progressively inflicts impairment of synaptic functions with notable deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) as senile plaques within the extracellular space of the brain. Accordingly, therapeutic directions for AD have focused on clearing Aβ plaques or preventing amyloidogenesis based on the amyloid cascade hypothesis. However, the emerging evidence suggests that Aβ serves biological roles, which include suppressing microbial infections, regulating synaptic plasticity, promoting recovery after brain injury, sealing leaks in the blood-brain barrier, and possibly inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. More importantly, these functions were found in in vitro and in vivo investigations in a hormetic manner, that is to be neuroprotective at low concentrations and pathological at high concentrations. We herein summarize the physiological roles of monomeric Aβ and current Aβ-directed therapies in clinical trials. Based on the evidence, we propose that novel therapeutics targeting Aβ should selectively target Aβ in neurotoxic forms such as oligomers while retaining monomeric Aβ in order to preserve the physiological functions of Aβ monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyomin Jeong
- Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Heewon Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Catalá-López F, Driver JA, Page MJ, Hutton B, Ridao M, Berrozpe-Villabona C, Alonso-Arroyo A, Fraga-Medín CA, Bernal-Delgado E, Valencia A, Tabarés-Seisdedos R. Design and methodological characteristics of studies using observational routinely collected health data for investigating the link between cancer and neurodegenerative diseases: protocol for a meta-research study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058738. [PMID: 35487732 PMCID: PMC9058779 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health services generate large amounts of routine health data (eg, administrative databases, disease registries and electronic health records), which have important secondary uses for research. Increases in the availability and the ability to access and analyse large amounts of data represent a major opportunity for conducting studies on the possible relationships between complex diseases. The objective of this study will be to evaluate the design, methods and reporting of studies conducted using observational routinely collected health data for investigating the link between cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is the protocol for a meta-research study. We registered the study protocol within the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/h2qjg. We will evaluate observational studies (eg, cohort and case-control) conducted using routinely collected health data for investigating the associations between cancer and neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease). The following electronic databases will be searched (from their inception onwards): MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science Core Collection. Screening and selection of articles will be conducted by at least two researchers. Potential discrepancies will be resolved via discussion. Design, methods and reporting characteristics in each article will be extracted using a standardised data extraction form. Information on general, methodological and transparency items will be reported. We will summarise our findings with tables and graphs (eg, bar charts, forest plots). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Due to the nature of the proposed study, no ethical approval will be required. We plan to publish the full study in an open access peer-reviewed journal and disseminate the findings at scientific conferences and via social media. All data will be deposited in a cross-disciplinary public repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrán Catalá-López
- Department of Health Planning and Economics, National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Valencia, Spain
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane A Driver
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew J Page
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian Hutton
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuel Ridao
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Adolfo Alonso-Arroyo
- Department of History of Science and Documentation, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad de Información e Investigación Social y Sanitaria, University of Valencia, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Bernal-Delgado
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Valencia, Spain
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Castillo-Passi RI, Vergara RC, Rogers NK, Ponce D, Bennett M, Behrens MI. Cancer History Is Associated with Slower Speed of Cognitive Decline in Patients with Amnestic Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:1695-1711. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Several epidemiological studies report a negative association between Cancer and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: To characterize the trajectories of memory loss in individuals with early amnestic cognitive impairment with and without history of previous cancer. Methods: Cognitive deterioration was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) or MoCA-Memory Index Score (MoCA-MIS) biannually in subjects with early amnestic cognitive impairment followed-up retrospectively from 2007 to 2021. History of Cancer was obtained from clinical records. Simple linear regressions of MoCA-MIS scores were calculated for each subject and analyzed with K-means cluster analysis to identify subgroups with different cognitive decline trajectories. χ 2 and t tests were used for descriptive categorical and continuous variables and mixed multiple linear regressions to determine cognitive decline covariates. Results: Analysis of the trajectory of cognitive decline in 141 subjects with early amnestic cognitive impairment identified two subgroups: Fast (n = 60) and Slow (n = 81) progressors. At baseline Fast progressors had better MoCA-MIS (p < 0.001) and functionality (CDR p = 0.02, AD8 p = 0.05), took less anti-dementia medications (p = 0.005), and had higher depression rates (p = 0.02). Interestingly, Fast progressors slowed their speed of memory decline (from 1.6 to 1.1 MoCA-MIS points/year) and global cognitive decline (from 2.0 to 1.4 total MoCA points/year) when Cancer history was present. Conclusion: Two trajectories of amnestic cognitive decline were identified, possibly derived from different neurophysiopathologies or clinical stages. This study suggests that a history of previous Cancer slows down amnestic cognitive decline, specifically in a subgroup of subjects with depression at baseline and accelerated deterioration at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando I. Castillo-Passi
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago, RM, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, CAS, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, RM, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Chile
| | - Rodrigo C. Vergara
- Departamento de Kinesiología, Facultad de Artes y Educación Física, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - Nicole K. Rogers
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Independencia Santiago, RM, Chile
- Instituto de Neurocirugía Dr. Alfonso Asenjo, Providencia, Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - Daniela Ponce
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - Magdalena Bennett
- IROM Department, McCombs School of Business, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - María Isabel Behrens
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago, RM, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago, RM, Chile
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Independencia Santiago, RM, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, CAS, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, RM, Chile
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Eastman MR, Ospina-Romero M, Westrick AC, Kler JS, Glymour MM, Abdiwahab E, Kobayashi LC. Does a Cancer Diagnosis in Mid-to-Later Life Modify Racial Disparities in Memory Aging? Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2022; 36:140-147. [PMID: 35125398 PMCID: PMC9132235 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown whether an incident cancer diagnosis differentially impacts acute and long-term memory aging between older White and Black Americans. METHODS Incident cancer diagnoses and memory (immediate and delayed recall, combined with proxy-reported memory) were assessed at biennial study interviews in the US Health and Retirement Study (N=14,235, 1998-2016). We used multivariable segmented linear mixed-effects models to evaluate the rate of change in standardized memory score (SD/decade) in the years before, acutely at the time of, and in the years following an incident cancer diagnosis, compared to cancer-free adults, by race. RESULTS Black participants experienced faster memory decline than White participants (cancer-free group: -1.211 vs. -1.077; P<0.0001). An incident cancer diagnosis was associated with an acute memory drop in White, but not Black participants (-0.065 vs. 0.024; P<0.0001). However, White cancer survivors experienced slower memory decline than cancer-free White adults before and after diagnosis, but this memory advantage was not observed among Black cancer survivors. CONCLUSIONS Racial disparities in memory aging are not modified by an incident cancer diagnosis. The acute cancer-related memory decline and long-term memory advantage experienced by White, but not Black, cancer survivors relative to cancer-free older adults, requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa R. Eastman
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Monica Ospina-Romero
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Ashly C. Westrick
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jasdeep S. Kler
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Medellena Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ekland Abdiwahab
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lindsay C. Kobayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
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Du XL, Song L, Schulz PE, Xu H, Chan W. Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias in Association with Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke, Hypertension, and Diabetes in a Large Cohort of Women with Breast Cancer and with up to 26 Years of Follow-Up. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:415-432. [PMID: 35311707 PMCID: PMC9117151 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: No study on the long-term incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) has been reported in women with breast cancer by vascular diseases. Objective: To determine the risk of ADRD in association with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), stroke, hypertension, and diabetes in women with breast cancer. Methods: Study identified 246,686 women diagnosed with breast cancer at age≥65 years in 1991–2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database. Women were free of ADRD at the time of cancer diagnosis and followed from 1991 to 2016. Results: Cumulative incidence of AD over 26 years of follow-up varied from 10.7% to 13.6% by CVD, stroke, hypertension, and diabetes. Cumulative incidence of ADRD was higher in those with CVD (40.75%) versus no-CVD (31.32%), stroke (40.24%) versus no-stroke (31.34%), hypertension (33.06%) versus no-hypertension (30.47%), and diabetes (33.38%) versus no-diabetes (31.77%). After adjusting for confounders, those with CVD (hazard ratio:1.30, 95% CI: 1.27–1.33), stroke (1.50,1.47–1.54), hypertension (1.08,1.06–1.09), and diabetes (1.26,1.24–1.29) had significantly higher risks of developing ADRD. Women aged 80–84, and≥85 had 5- and 7-fold higher risks of AD than those aged 65–69. As compared to white women, black women had a significantly higher risk of AD (1.21, 1.16–1.27), whereas Asians/Pacific-Islanders had a significantly lower risk of AD (0.77, 0.71–0.83). Conclusion: In women with breast cancer, CVD, stroke, hypertension, and diabetes were associated with a significantly higher risk of developing any ADRD combined. The risk of ADRD was higher in black women and lower in Asian/Pacific-Islanders than white women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin L. Du
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lulu Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul E. Schulz
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hua Xu
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenyaw Chan
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Shang X, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhang X, Liu J, Wang W, Tang S, Yu H, Ge Z, Yang X, He M. Association of a wide range of chronic diseases and apolipoprotein E4 genotype with subsequent risk of dementia in community-dwelling adults: A retrospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 45:101335. [PMID: 35299656 PMCID: PMC8921546 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying independent and interactive associations of a wide range of diseases and multimorbidity and apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) with dementia may help promote cognitive health. The main aim of the present study was to investigate associations of such diseases and their multimorbidity with incident dementia. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we included 471,485 individuals of European ancestry from the UK Biobank, aged 38-73 years at baseline (2006-10). Dementia was identified using inpatient records and death registers. The follow-up period was between March 16, 2006, and Jan 31, 2021. FINDINGS During a median follow-up of 11·9 years, 6189 cases of incident all-cause dementia (503 young-onset cases, 5686 late-onset cases) were documented. In multivariable-adjusted analysis, 33 out of 63 major diseases were associated with an increased risk of dementia. The hazard ratio (HR [95% CI]) ranged from 1·12 (1·06-1·19) for obesity to 14·22 (12·33-16·18) for Parkinson's disease. In addition to conventional diseases, respiratory disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, digestive disorders, painful conditions, and chronic kidney disease were associated with increased dementia risk. A larger HR for dementia was observed for a larger number of diseases (3·97 [3·51-4·48] for ≥6 diseases versus no disease). These individual diseases and multimorbidity were more predictive of young-onset dementia than of late-onset dementia. Dementia risk score incorporating multimorbidity, age, and APOE4 status had strong prediction performance (area under the curve [95% CI]: 82·2% [81·7-82·7%]). APOE4 was more predictive of late-onset dementia (HR [95% CI]: 2·90 [2·75-3·06]) than of young-onset dementia (1·26 [1·03-1·54]). Associations of painful conditions, depression, obesity, diabetes, stroke, Parkinson's disease, high cholesterol, and their multimorbidity with incident dementia were stronger among non-APOE4 carriers. INTERPRETATION Besides conventional diseases, numerous diseases are associated with an increased risk of dementia. These individual diseases and multimorbidity are more predictive of young-onset dementia, whereas APOE4 is more predictive of late-onset dementia. Individual diseases and multimorbidity are stronger predictors of dementia in non-APOE4 carriers. Although multiple risk factors have been adjusted for in the analysis, potential confounding from unknown factors may have biased the associations. FUNDING The Fundamental Research Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Project of Investigation on Health Status of Employees in Financial Industry in Guangzhou, China (Z012014075), Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (202,002,020,049).
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- APOE4, apolipoprotein E4
- AUC, area under the curve
- Apolipoprotein E4
- BMI, body mass index
- CAIDE, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia
- CI, confidence interval
- CKD, chronic kidney disease
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Dementia
- FRS, Framingham Heart Study
- HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HR, hazard ratio
- HbA1c, Glycosylated haemoglobin
- ICD, international classification diseases
- IQR, interquartile range
- Interaction
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Late-onset dementia
- Major chronic diseases
- Multimorbidity
- PAR, Population attributable risk
- ROC, receiver operating characteristic curve
- SD, standard deviation
- VD, vascular dementia
- Young-onset dementia
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiayin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shulin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Honghua Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zongyuan Ge
- Monash e-Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Airdoc Research, Nvidia AI Technology Research Center, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mingguang He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Kulminski AM, Loiko E, Loika Y, Culminskaya I. Pleiotropic predisposition to Alzheimer's disease and educational attainment: insights from the summary statistics analysis. GeroScience 2022; 44:265-280. [PMID: 34743297 PMCID: PMC8572080 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies report beneficial associations of higher educational attainment (EDU) with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) also reported variants associated with AD and EDU separately. The analysis of pleiotropic associations with these phenotypes may shed light on EDU-related protection against AD. We performed pleiotropic meta-analyses using Fisher's method and omnibus test applied to summary statistics for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AD and EDU in large-scale univariate GWAS at suggestive-effect (5 × 10-8 < p < 0.1) and genome-wide (p ≤ 5 × 10-8) significance levels. We report 53 SNPs that attained p ≤ 5 × 10-8 at least in one of the pleiotropic meta-analyses and were reported in the univariate GWAS at 5 × 10-8 < p < 0.1. Of them, there were 46 pleiotropic SNPs according to Fisher's method. Additionally, Fisher's method identified 25 of 206 SNPs with pleiotropic effects, which attained p ≤ 5 × 10-8 in the univariate GWAS. We showed that a large fraction of the pleiotropic associations was affected by a counterintuitive phenomenon of antagonistic genetic heterogeneity, which explains the increase, rather than decrease, of the significance of the pleiotropic associations in the omnibus test. Functional enrichment analysis showed that apart from cancers, gene set harboring the non-pleiotropic SNPs was characterized by late-onset AD and neurodevelopmental disorders. The pleiotropic gene set was characterized by a broad spectrum of progressive neurological and neuromuscular diseases and immune-mediated conditions, including progressive motor neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and severe AD. Our results suggest that disentangling genes harboring variants with and without pleiotropic associations with AD and EDU is promising for dissecting heterogeneity in biological mechanisms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA.
| | - Elena Loiko
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA
| | - Yury Loika
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA
| | - Irina Culminskaya
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA
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Zayas‐Santiago A, Martínez‐Montemayor MM, Colón‐Vázquez J, Ortiz‐Soto G, Cirino‐Simonet JG, Inyushin M. Accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) in tumors formed by a mouse xenograft model of inflammatory breast cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:95-105. [PMID: 34592066 PMCID: PMC8727955 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid in breast cancer is a well-known phenomenon, but only immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis (AL) or transthyretin (TTR) amyloid had been detected in human breast tumor samples previously. We recently reported that another amyloidogenic peptide, amyloid beta (Aβ), is present in an aggregated form in animal and human high-grade gliomas and suggested that it originates systemically from the blood, possibly generated by platelets. To study whether breast cancers are also associated with these Aβ peptides and in what form, we used a nude mouse model inoculated with triple-negative inflammatory breast cancer cell (SUM-149) xenografts, which develop noticeable tumors. Immunostaining with two types of specific antibodies for Aβ identified the clear presence of Aβ peptides associated with (a) carcinoma cells and (b) extracellular aggregated amyloid (also revealed by Congo red and thioflavin S staining). Aβ peptides, in both cells and in aggregated amyloid, were distributed in clear gradients, with maximum levels near blood vessels. We detected significant presence of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the walls of blood vessels of tumor samples, as well as in carcinoma cells. Finally, we used ELISA to confirm the presence of elevated levels of mouse-generated Aβ40 in tumors. We conclude that Aβ in inflammatory breast cancer tumors, at least in a mouse model, is always present and is concentrated near blood vessels. We also discuss here the possible pathways of Aβ accumulation in tumors and whether this phenomenon could represent the specific signature of high-grade cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mikhail Inyushin
- Department of PhysiologyUniversidad Central del CaribeBayamónPRUSA
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Du XL, Song L, Schulz PE, Xu H, Chan W. Associations Between Vascular Diseases and Alzheimer's Disease or Related Dementias in a Large Cohort of Men and Women with Colorectal Cancer. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:211-231. [PMID: 36093703 PMCID: PMC9661325 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long term risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) associated with vascular diseases in people with colorectal cancer is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the risk of ADRD in association with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), stroke, hypertension, and diabetes in a cohort of patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS This retrospective cohort study consisted of 210,809 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer at age≥65 years in 1991-2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database with follow-up from 1991-2016, who were free of any ADRD at the baseline (<12 months prior to or < 30 days after the date of cancer diagnosis). RESULTS The crude 26-year cumulative incidence of total ADRD in men and women with colorectal cancer was higher in those with versus without CVD (31.92% versus 28.12%), with versus without stroke (39.82% versus 26.39%), with versus without hypertension (31.88% versus 24.88%), and with versus without diabetes (32.01% versus 27.66%). After adjusting for socio-demographic and tumor factors, the risk of developing ADRD was significantly higher in patients with CVD (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.17, 95% confidence intervals: 1.14-1.20), stroke (1.65, 1.62-1.68), hypertension (1.07, 1.05-1.09), and diabetes (1.26, 1.24-1.29) versus persons without. For those with 1, 2, 3 and 4 vascular diseases present versus absent, the risk of AD increased from 1.12 (1.07-1.16) to 1.31 (1.25-1.36), 1.66 (1.57-1.75), and 2.03 (1.82-2.27). CONCLUSION In older patients with colorectal cancer, a significant dose-response relationship was observed between an increasing number of these vascular diseases and the risk of all types of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin L. Du
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lulu Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul E. Schulz
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hua Xu
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenyaw Chan
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Wang H, Rosenthal BS, Makowski C, Lo M, Andreassen OA, Salem RM, McEvoy LK, Fiecas M, Chen C. Causal association of cognitive reserve on Alzheimer's disease with putative sex difference. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12270. [PMID: 35005200 PMCID: PMC8719428 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sex-dependent risk factors may underlie sex differences in Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Using sex-stratified genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of AD, we evaluated associations of 12 traits with AD through polygenic risk scores (PRS) and Mendelian randomization (MR), and explored joint genetic architecture among significant traits by genomic structural equation modeling and network analysis. RESULTS AD was associated with lower PRS for premorbid cognitive performance, intelligence, and educational attainment. MR showed a causal role for the cognition-related traits in AD, particularly among females. Their joint genetic components encompassed RNA processing, neuron projection development, and cell cycle pathways that overlap with cellular senescence. Cholesterol and C-reactive protein showed pleiotropy but no causality with AD. DISCUSSION Lower cognitive reserve is causally related to AD. The stronger causal link between cognitive performance and AD in females, despite similar PRS between sexes, suggest these differences may result from gene-environmental interactions accumulated over the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and GeneticsDepartment of RadiologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Brin Sara Rosenthal
- Center for Computational Biology and BioinformaticsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Carolina Makowski
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and GeneticsDepartment of RadiologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Min‐Tzu Lo
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and GeneticsDepartment of RadiologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT CentreDivision of Mental Health and AddictionUniversity of Oslo and Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Rany M. Salem
- Department of Family Medicine and Public HealthDivision of EpidemiologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Linda K. McEvoy
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and GeneticsDepartment of RadiologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity ScienceUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mark Fiecas
- School of Public HealthDivision of BiostatisticsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Chi‐Hua Chen
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and GeneticsDepartment of RadiologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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Chiu RH, Lu SR, Liang FW, Lin CL, Ho CH, Hsiao PC. Risk of dementia in colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: A nationwide cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 76:102083. [PMID: 34920341 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported conflicting evidence regarding whether chemotherapy leads to dementia. This study aimed to determine whether chemotherapy increases dementia risk in Taiwanese patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Data from the Taiwan Cancer Registry and National Health Insurance Research Database were used. Patients newly diagnosed as having CRC between 2007 and 2015 without prior history of dementia or neurodegenerative disorders were identified. Based on whether they underwent chemotherapy, patients were divided into chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy groups. Those who later developed dementia were identified using validated diagnostic codes. The Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard model for all-cause dementia with competing risk of death was applied for all patients or each stratified group. RESULTS A total of 76,130 patients with CRC were included, with 45,872 (60.25%) in the chemotherapy group and 30,258 (39.75%) in the non-chemotherapy group. A higher incidence of dementia was observed in the non-chemotherapy group compared with the chemotherapy group (3.75% vs. 2.40%, p < 0.0001), but the risk of dementia did not differ between the groups (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [HRSD] = 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88-1.06, p = 0.492). In the stratified analysis, chemotherapy was a risk factor for dementia in patients aged > 80 years (adjusted HRSD = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03-1.40, p = 0.0190), whereas gender, clinical cancer stage, comorbidities, surgery, and radiation therapy had no impact on the risk of dementia. CONCLUSION Chemotherapy increased the risk of dementia in elderly patients with CRC, highlighting the necessity to monitor their cognitive function after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huang Chiu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan. No.901, Zhonghua Rd. Yongkang Dist., Tainan 71004, Taiwan.
| | - Shiang-Ru Lu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, No.100, Tzyou 1st Rd., Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Wen Liang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, No.100, Tzyou 1st Rd., Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung 80756 Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Liang Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Division, Chi-Mei medical center, Liouying campus, Tainan, Taiwan., No.201, Taikang, Liuying Dist., Tainan 73657, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, No.901, Zhonghua Rd. Yongkang Dist., Tainan 71004, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 111, Section 3, Xing-Long Road, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chi Hsiao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan. No.901, Zhonghua Rd. Yongkang Dist., Tainan 71004, Taiwan.
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