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Hawash M, Qneibi M, Natsheh H, Mohammed NH, Hamda LA, Kumar A, Olech B, Dominiak PM, Bdir S, Bdair M. Evaluating the Neuroprotective Potential of Novel Benzodioxole Derivatives in Parkinson's Disease via AMPA Receptor Modulation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2334-2349. [PMID: 38747411 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a significant health issue because it gradually damages the nervous system. α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors play a significant role in the development of PD. The current investigation employed hybrid benzodioxole-propanamide (BDZ-P) compounds to get information on AMPA receptors, analyze their biochemical and biophysical properties, and assess their neuroprotective effects. Examining the biophysical characteristics of all the subunits of the AMPA receptor offers insights into the impact of BDZ-P on the desensitization and deactivation rate. It demonstrates a partial improvement in the locomotor capacities in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. In addition, the in vivo experiment assessed the locomotor activity by utilizing the open-field test. Our findings demonstrated that BDZ-P7 stands out with its remarkable potency, inhibiting the GluA2 subunit nearly 8-fold with an IC50 of 3.03 μM, GluA1/2 by 7.5-fold with an IC50 of 3.14 μM, GluA2/3 by nearly 7-fold with an IC50 of 3.19 μM, and GluA1 by 6.5-fold with an IC50 of 3.2 μM, significantly impacting the desensitization and deactivation rate of the AMPA receptor. BDZ-P7 showed an in vivo impact of partially reinstating locomotor abilities in a mouse model of PD. The results above suggest that the BDZ-P7 compounds show great promise as top contenders for the development of novel neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P403, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Qneibi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P403, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Hiba Natsheh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P403, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Noor Haj Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P403, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Lubaba Abu Hamda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P403, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Anil Kumar
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Olech
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, ul. S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Maria Dominiak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sosana Bdir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P403, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Bdair
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P403, Nablus 00970, Palestine
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Funk AT, Hassan AAO, Waugh JL. In humans, insulo-striate structural connectivity is largely biased toward either striosome-like or matrix-like striatal compartments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.07.588409. [PMID: 38645229 PMCID: PMC11030402 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.07.588409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The insula is an integral component of sensory, motor, limbic, and executive functions, and insular dysfunction is associated with numerous human neuropsychiatric disorders. Insular afferents project widely, but insulo-striate projections are especially numerous. The targets of these insulo-striate projections are organized into tissue compartments, the striosome and matrix. These striatal compartments have distinct embryologic origins, afferent and efferent connectivity, dopamine pharmacology, and susceptibility to injury. Striosome and matrix appear to occupy separate sets of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops, so a bias in insulo-striate projections towards one compartment may also embed an insular subregion in distinct regulatory and functional networks. Compartment-specific mapping of insulo-striate structural connectivity is sparse; the insular subregions are largely unmapped for compartment-specific projections. In 100 healthy adults, we utilized probabilistic diffusion tractography to map and quantify structural connectivity between 19 structurally-defined insular subregions and each striatal compartment. Insulo-striate streamlines that reached striosome-like and matrix-like voxels were concentrated in distinct insular zones (striosome: rostro- and caudoventral; matrix: caudodorsal) and followed different paths to reach the striatum. Though tractography was generated independently in each hemisphere, the spatial distribution and relative bias of striosome-like and matrix-like streamlines were highly similar in the left and right insula. 16 insular subregions were significantly biased towards one compartment: seven toward striosome-like voxels and nine toward matrix-like voxels. Striosome-favoring bundles had significantly higher streamline density, especially from rostroventral insular subregions. The biases in insulo-striate structural connectivity we identified mirrored the compartment-specific biases identified in prior studies that utilized injected tract tracers, cytoarchitecture, or functional MRI. Segregating insulo-striate structural connectivity through either striosome or matrix may be an anatomic substrate for functional specialization among the insular subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- AT Funk
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX
| | - AAO Hassan
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Texas at Dallas
| | - JL Waugh
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
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Funk AT, Hassan AAO, Brüggemann N, Sharma N, Breiter HC, Blood AJ, Waugh JL. In humans, striato-pallido-thalamic projections are largely segregated by their origin in either the striosome-like or matrix-like compartments. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1178473. [PMID: 37954873 PMCID: PMC10634229 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1178473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loops are fundamental organizing units in mammalian brains. CSTCs process limbic, associative, and sensorimotor information in largely separated but interacting networks. CTSC loops pass through paired striatal compartments, striosome (aka patch) and matrix, segregated pools of medium spiny projection neurons with distinct embryologic origins, cortical/subcortical structural connectivity, susceptibility to injury, and roles in behaviors and diseases. Similarly, striatal dopamine modulates activity in striosome and matrix in opposite directions. Routing CSTCs through one compartment may be an anatomical basis for regulating discrete functions. We used differential structural connectivity, identified through probabilistic diffusion tractography, to distinguish the striatal compartments (striosome-like and matrix-like voxels) in living humans. We then mapped compartment-specific projections and quantified structural connectivity between each striatal compartment, the globus pallidus interna (GPi), and 20 thalamic nuclei in 221 healthy adults. We found that striosome-originating and matrix-originating streamlines were segregated within the GPi: striosome-like connectivity was significantly more rostral, ventral, and medial. Striato-pallido-thalamic streamline bundles that were seeded from striosome-like and matrix-like voxels transited spatially distinct portions of the white matter. Matrix-like streamlines were 5.7-fold more likely to reach the GPi, replicating animal tract-tracing studies. Striosome-like connectivity dominated in six thalamic nuclei (anteroventral, central lateral, laterodorsal, lateral posterior, mediodorsal-medial, and medial geniculate). Matrix-like connectivity dominated in seven thalamic nuclei (centromedian, parafascicular, pulvinar-anterior, pulvinar-lateral, ventral lateral-anterior, ventral lateral-posterior, ventral posterolateral). Though we mapped all thalamic nuclei independently, functionally-related nuclei were matched for compartment-level bias. We validated these results with prior thalamostriate tract tracing studies in non-human primates and other species; where reliable data was available, all agreed with our measures of structural connectivity. Matrix-like connectivity was lateralized (left > right hemisphere) in 18 thalamic nuclei, independent of handedness, diffusion protocol, sex, or whether the nucleus was striosome-dominated or matrix-dominated. Compartment-specific biases in striato-pallido-thalamic structural connectivity suggest that routing CSTC loops through striosome-like or matrix-like voxels is a fundamental mechanism for organizing and regulating brain networks. Our MRI-based assessments of striato-thalamic connectivity in humans match and extend the results of prior tract tracing studies in animals. Compartment-level characterization may improve localization of human neuropathologies and improve neurosurgical targeting in the GPi and thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian T. Funk
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Asim A. O. Hassan
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nutan Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hans C. Breiter
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anne J. Blood
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Jeff L. Waugh
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
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Benarroch E. What Is the Role of the Intralaminar Thalamic Input to the Striatum and Its Potential Implications in Parkinson Disease? Neurology 2023; 101:118-123. [PMID: 37460225 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
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Arasaratnam CJ, Song JJ, Yoshida T, Curtis MA, Graybiel AM, Faull RLM, Waldvogel HJ. DARPP-32 cells and neuropil define striosomal system and isolated matrix cells in human striatum. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:888-920. [PMID: 37002560 PMCID: PMC10392785 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The dorsal striatum forms a central node of the basal ganglia interconnecting the neocortex and thalamus with circuits modulating mood and movement. Striatal projection neurons (SPNs) include relatively intermixed populations expressing D1-type or D2-type dopamine receptors (dSPNs and iSPNs) that give rise to the direct (D1) and indirect (D2) output systems of the basal ganglia. Overlaid on this organization is a compartmental organization, in which a labyrinthine system of striosomes made up of sequestered SPNs is embedded within the larger striatal matrix. Striosomal SPNs also include D1-SPNs and D2-SPNs, but they can be distinguished from matrix SPNs by many neurochemical markers. In the rodent striatum the key signaling molecule, DARPP-32, is a exception to these compartmental expression patterns, thought to befit its functions through opposite actions in both D1- and D2-expressing SPNs. We demonstrate here, however, that in the dorsal human striatum, DARPP-32 is concentrated in the neuropil and SPNs of striosomes, especially in the caudate nucleus and dorsomedial putamen, relative to the matrix neuropil in these regions. The generally DARPP-32-poor matrix contains scattered DARPP-32-positive cells. DARPP-32 cell bodies in both compartments proved negative for conventional intraneuronal markers. These findings raise the potential for specialized DARPP-32 expression in the human striosomal system and in a set of DARPP-32-positive neurons in the matrix. If DARPP-32 immunohistochemical positivity predicts differential functional DARPP-32 activity, then the distributions demonstrated here could render striosomes and dispersed matrix cells susceptible to differential signaling through cAMP and other signaling systems in health and disease. DARPP-32 is highly concentrated in cells and neuropil of striosomes in post-mortem human brain tissue, particularly in the dorsal caudate nucleus. Scattered DARPP-32-positive cells are found in the human striatal matrix. Calbindin and DARPP-32 do not colocalize within every spiny projection neuron in the dorsal human caudate nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Arasaratnam
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer J Song
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tomoko Yoshida
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ann M Graybiel
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Henry J Waldvogel
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Kostović I, Džaja D, Raguž M, Kopić J, Blažević A, Krsnik Ž. Transient compartmentalization and accelerated volume growth coincide with the expected development of cortical afferents in the human neostriatum. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:434-457. [PMID: 35244150 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The neostriatum plays a central role in cortico-subcortical circuitry underlying goal-directed behavior. The adult mammalian neostriatum shows chemical and cytoarchitectonic compartmentalization in line with the connectivity. However, it is poorly understood how and when fetal compartmentalization (AChE-rich islands, nonreactive matrix) switches to adult (AChE-poor striosomes, reactive matrix) and how this relates to the ingrowth of corticostriatal afferents. Here, we analyze neostriatal compartments on postmortem human brains from 9 postconceptional week (PCW) to 18 postnatal months (PM), using Nissl staining, histochemical techniques (AChE, PAS-Alcian), immunohistochemistry, stereology, and comparing data with volume-growth of in vivo and in vitro MRI. We find that compartmentalization (C) follows a two-compartment (2-C) pattern around 10PCW and is transformed into a midgestational labyrinth-like 3-C pattern (patches, AChE-nonreactive perimeters, matrix), peaking between 22 and 28PCW during accelerated volume-growth. Finally, compartmentalization resolves perinatally, by the decrease in transient "AChE-clumping," disappearance of AChE-nonreactive, ECM-rich perimeters, and an increase in matrix reactivity. The initial "mature" pattern appears around 9 PM. Therefore, transient, a 3-C pattern and accelerated neostriatal growth coincide with the expected timing of the nonhomogeneous distribution of corticostriatal afferents. The decrease in growth-related AChE activity and transfiguration of corticostriatal terminals are putative mechanisms underlying fetal compartments reorganization. Our findings serve as normative for studying neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Kostović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Džaja
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Raguž
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Janja Kopić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Blažević
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Krsnik
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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7
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Ekström AG. Motor constellation theory: A model of infants' phonological development. Front Psychol 2022; 13:996894. [PMID: 36405212 PMCID: PMC9669916 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.996894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Every normally developing human infant solves the difficult problem of mapping their native-language phonology, but the neural mechanisms underpinning this behavior remain poorly understood. Here, motor constellation theory, an integrative neurophonological model, is presented, with the goal of explicating this issue. It is assumed that infants' motor-auditory phonological mapping takes place through infants' orosensory "reaching" for phonological elements observed in the language-specific ambient phonology, via reference to kinesthetic feedback from motor systems (e.g., articulators), and auditory feedback from resulting speech and speech-like sounds. Attempts are regulated by basal ganglion-cerebellar speech neural circuitry, and successful attempts at reproduction are enforced through dopaminergic signaling. Early in life, the pace of anatomical development constrains mapping such that complete language-specific phonological mapping is prohibited by infants' undeveloped supralaryngeal vocal tract and undescended larynx; constraints gradually dissolve with age, enabling adult phonology. Where appropriate, reference is made to findings from animal and clinical models. Some implications for future modeling and simulation efforts, as well as clinical settings, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel G. Ekström
- Speech, Music and Hearing, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Roberts RC, McCollum LA, Schoonover KE, Mabry SJ, Roche JK, Lahti AC. Ultrastructural evidence for glutamatergic dysregulation in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2022; 249:4-15. [PMID: 32014360 PMCID: PMC7392793 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to summarize ultrastructural evidence for glutamatergic dysregulation in several linked regions in postmortem schizophrenia brain. Following a brief summary of glutamate circuitry and how synapses are identified at the electron microscopic (EM) level, we will review EM pathology in the cortex and basal ganglia. We will include the effects of antipsychotic drugs and the relation of treatment response. We will discuss how these findings support or confirm other postmortem findings as well as imaging results. Briefly, synaptic and mitochondrial density in anterior cingulate cortex was decreased in schizophrenia, versus normal controls (NCs), in a selective layer specific pattern. In dorsal striatum, increases in excitatory synaptic density were detected in caudate matrix, a compartment associated with cognitive and motor function, and in the putamen patches, a region associated with limbic function and in the core of the nucleus accumbens. Patients who were treatment resistant or untreated had significantly elevated numbers of excitatory synapses in limbic striatal areas in comparison to NCs and responders. Protein levels of vGLUT2, found in subcortical glutamatergic neurons, were increased in the nucleus accumbens in schizophrenia. At the EM level, schizophrenia subjects had an increase in density of excitatory synapses in several areas of the basal ganglia. In the substantia nigra, the protein levels of vGLUT2 were elevated in untreated patients compared to NCs. The density of inhibitory synapses was decreased in schizophrenia versus NCs. In schizophrenia, glutamatergic synapses are differentially affected depending on the brain region, treatment status, and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda C Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America.
| | - Lesley A McCollum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Kirsten E Schoonover
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Samuel J Mabry
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Joy K Roche
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Adrienne C Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
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Robert C, Patel R, Blostein N, Steele CJ, Chakravarty MM. Analyses of microstructural variation in the human striatum using non-negative matrix factorization. Neuroimage 2021; 246:118744. [PMID: 34848302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum is a major subcortical connection hub that has been heavily implicated in a wide array of motor and cognitive functions. Here, we developed a normative multimodal, data-driven microstructural parcellation of the striatum using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) based on multiple magnetic resonance imaging-based metrics (mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, and the ratio between T1- and T2-weighted structural scans) from the Human Connectome Project Young Adult dataset (n = 329 unrelated participants, age range: 22-35, F/M: 185/144). We further explored the biological and functional relationships of this parcellation by relating our findings to motor and cognitive performance in tasks known to involve the striatum as well as demographics. We identified 5 spatially distinct striatal components for each hemisphere. We also show the gain in component stability when using multimodal versus unimodal metrics. Our findings suggest distinct microstructural patterns in the human striatum that are largely symmetric and that relate mostly to age and sex. Our work also highlights the putative functional relevance of these striatal components to different designations based on a Neurosynth meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Robert
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada.
| | - Raihaan Patel
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada; Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadia Blostein
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chrisopher J Steele
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Ni RJ, Shu YM, Li T, Zhou JN. Whole-Brain Afferent Inputs to the Caudate Nucleus, Putamen, and Accumbens Nucleus in the Tree Shrew Striatum. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:763298. [PMID: 34795566 PMCID: PMC8593333 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.763298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Day-active tree shrews have a well-developed internal capsule (ic) that clearly separates the caudate nucleus (Cd) and putamen (Pu). The striatum consists of the Cd, ic, Pu, and accumbens nucleus (Acb). Here, we characterized the cytoarchitecture of the striatum and the whole-brain inputs to the Cd, Pu, and Acb in tree shrews by using immunohistochemistry and the retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold (FG). Our data show the distribution patterns of parvalbumin (PV), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), calretinin (CR), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in the striatum of tree shrews, which were different from those observed in rats. The Cd and Pu mainly received inputs from the thalamus, motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and other cortical and subcortical regions, whereas the Acb primarily received inputs from the anterior olfactory nucleus, claustrum, infralimbic cortex, thalamus, raphe nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, ventral tegmental area, and so on. The Cd, Pu, and Acb received inputs from different neuronal populations in the ipsilateral (60, 67, and 63 brain regions, respectively) and contralateral (23, 20, and 36 brain regions, respectively) brain hemispheres. Overall, we demonstrate that there are species differences between tree shrews and rats in the density of PV, NOS, CR, and TH immunoreactivity in the striatum. Additionally, we mapped for the first time the distribution of whole-brain input neurons projecting to the striatum of tree shrews with FG injected into the Cd, Pu, and Acb. The similarities and differences in their brain-wide input patterns may provide new insights into the diverse functions of the striatal subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jun Ni
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Mian Shu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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11
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Waugh JL, Hassan A, Kuster JK, Levenstein JM, Warfield SK, Makris N, Brüggemann N, Sharma N, Breiter HC, Blood AJ. An MRI method for parcellating the human striatum into matrix and striosome compartments in vivo. Neuroimage 2021; 246:118714. [PMID: 34800665 PMCID: PMC9142299 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian striatum is comprised of intermingled tissue compartments, matrix and striosome. Though indistinguishable by routine histological techniques, matrix and striosome have distinct embryologic origins, afferent/efferent connections, surface protein expression, intra-striatal location, susceptibilities to injury, and functional roles in a range of animal behaviors. Distinguishing the compartments previously required post-mortem tissue and/or genetic manipulation; we aimed to identify matrix/striosome non-invasively in living humans. We used diffusion MRI (probabilistic tractography) to identify human striatal voxels with connectivity biased towards matrix-favoring or striosome-favoring regions (determined by prior animal tract-tracing studies). Segmented striatal compartments replicated the topological segregation and somatotopic organization identified in animal matrix/striosome studies. Of brain regions mapped in prior studies, our human brain data confirmed 93% of the compartment-selective structural connectivity demonstrated in animals. Test-retest assessment on repeat scans found a voxel classification error rate of 0.14%. Fractional anisotropy was significantly higher in matrix-like voxels, while mean diffusivity did not differ between the compartments. As mapped by the Talairach human brain atlas, 460 regions were significantly biased towards either matrix or striosome. Our method allows the study of striatal compartments in human health and disease, in vivo, for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Waugh
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States; Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States; Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Boston, MA, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.
| | - Aao Hassan
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - J K Kuster
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Boston, MA, United States; Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, United States; Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology Section, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - J M Levenstein
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Boston, MA, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, United States; Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CN, United States; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - S K Warfield
- Department of Radiology, United States; Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - N Makris
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Morphometric Analysis, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, United States; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Charlestown, MA, United States.
| | - N Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - N Sharma
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.
| | - H C Breiter
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, United States; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - A J Blood
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Boston, MA, United States; Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, United States; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Charlestown, MA, United States.
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12
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Four Deep Brain Stimulation Targets for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Are They Different? Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:667-677. [PMID: 32951818 PMCID: PMC9569132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation is a promising therapeutic approach for patients with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder, a condition linked to abnormalities in corticobasal ganglia networks. Effective targets are placed in one of four subcortical areas with the goal of capturing prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and basal ganglia connections linked to the limbic system. These include the anterior limb of the internal capsule, the ventral striatum, the subthalamic nucleus, and a midbrain target. The goal of this review is to examine these 4 targets with respect to the similarities and differences of their connections. Following a review of the connections for each target based on anatomic studies in nonhuman primates, we examine the accuracy of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography to replicate those connections in nonhuman primates, before evaluating the connections in the human brain based on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography. Results demonstrate that the four targets generally involve similar connections, all of which are part of the internal capsule. Nonetheless, some connections are unique to each site. Delineating the similarities and differences across targets is a critical step for evaluating and comparing the effectiveness of each and how circuits contribute to the therapeutic outcome. It also underscores the importance that the terminology used for each target accurately reflects its position and its anatomic connections, so as to enable comparisons across clinical studies and for basic scientists to probe mechanisms underlying deep brain stimulation.
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13
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Jaquins-Gerstl A, Nesbitt KM, Michael AC. In vivo evidence for the unique kinetics of evoked dopamine release in the patch and matrix compartments of the striatum. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6703-6713. [PMID: 33843017 PMCID: PMC8551084 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03300-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The neurochemical transmitter dopamine (DA) is implicated in a number of diseases states, including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and drug abuse. DA terminal fields in the dorsal striatum and core region of the nucleus accumbens in the rat brain are organized as heterogeneous domains exhibiting fast and slow kinetic of DA release. The rates of dopamine release are significantly and substantially faster in the fast domains relative to the slow domains. The striatum is composed of a mosaic of spatial compartments known as the striosomes (patches) and the matrix. Extensive literature exists on the spatial organization of the patch and matrix compartments and their functions. However, little is known about these compartments as they relate to fast and slow kinetic DA domains observed by fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). Thus, we combined high spatial resolution of FSCV with detailed immunohistochemical analysis of these architectural compartments (patch and matrix) using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings demonstrated a direct correlation between patch compartments with fast domain DA kinetics and matrix compartments to slow domain DA kinetics. We also investigated the kinetic domains in two very distinct sub-regions in the striatum, the lateral dorsal striatum (LDS) and the medial dorsal striatum (MDS). The lateral dorsal striatum as opposed to the medial dorsal striatum is mainly governed by fast kinetic DA domains. These finding are highly relevant as they may hold key promise in unraveling the fast and slow kinetic DA domains and their physiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Jaquins-Gerstl
- Department of Chemistry, Chevron Science Center, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Kathryn M Nesbitt
- Department of Chemistry, Chevron Science Center, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Adrian C Michael
- Department of Chemistry, Chevron Science Center, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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14
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Basile GA, Bertino S, Bramanti A, Ciurleo R, Anastasi GP, Milardi D, Cacciola A. Striatal topographical organization: Bridging the gap between molecules, connectivity and behavior. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 34643358 PMCID: PMC8524362 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum represents the major hub of the basal ganglia, receiving projections from the entire cerebral cortex and it is assumed to play a key role in a wide array of complex behavioral tasks. Despite being extensively investigated during the last decades, the topographical organization of the striatum is not well understood yet. Ongoing efforts in neuroscience are focused on analyzing striatal anatomy at different spatial scales, to understand how structure relates to function and how derangements of this organization are involved in various neuropsychiatric diseases. While being subdivided at the macroscale level into dorsal and ventral divisions, at a mesoscale level the striatum represents an anatomical continuum sharing the same cellular makeup. At the same time, it is now increasingly ascertained that different striatal compartments show subtle histochemical differences, and their neurons exhibit peculiar patterns of gene expression, supporting functional diversity across the whole basal ganglia circuitry. Such diversity is further supported by afferent connections which are heterogenous both anatomically, as they originate from distributed cortical areas and subcortical structures, and biochemically, as they involve a variety of neurotransmitters. Specifically, the cortico-striatal projection system is topographically organized delineating a functional organization which is maintained throughout the basal ganglia, subserving motor, cognitive and affective behavioral functions. While such functional heterogeneity has been firstly conceptualized as a tripartite organization, with sharply defined limbic, associative and sensorimotor territories within the striatum, it has been proposed that such territories are more likely to fade into one another, delineating a gradient-like organization along medio-lateral and ventro-dorsal axes. However, the molecular and cellular underpinnings of such organization are less understood, and their relations to behavior remains an open question, especially in humans. In this review we aimed at summarizing the available knowledge on striatal organization, especially focusing on how it links structure to function and its alterations in neuropsychiatric diseases. We examined studies conducted on different species, covering a wide array of different methodologies: from tract-tracing and immunohistochemistry to neuroimaging and transcriptomic experiments, aimed at bridging the gap between macroscopic and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Antonio Basile
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
| | - Salvatore Bertino
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
| | - Alessia Bramanti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Medical School of Salerno", University of Salerno.
| | | | - Giuseppe Pio Anastasi
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
| | - Demetrio Milardi
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
| | - Alberto Cacciola
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
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15
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Hinkley LBN, Larson PS, Henderson Sabes J, Mizuiri D, Demopoulos C, Adams ME, Neylan TC, Hess CP, Nagarajan SS, Cheung SW. Striatal networks for tinnitus treatment targeting. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 43:633-646. [PMID: 34609038 PMCID: PMC8720198 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation treatment effect size for bothersome tinnitus may be larger and more predictable by adopting a target selection approach guided by personalized striatal networks or functional connectivity maps. Several corticostriatal mechanisms are likely to play a role in tinnitus, including the dorsal/ventral striatum and the putamen. We examined whether significant tinnitus treatment response by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the caudate nucleus may be related to striatal network increased functional connectivity with tinnitus networks that involve the auditory cortex or ventral cerebellum. The first study was a cross-sectional 2-by-2 factorial design (tinnitus, no tinnitus; hearing loss, normal hearing, n = 68) to define cohort level abnormal functional connectivity maps using high-field 7.0 T resting-state fMRI. The second study was a pilot case-control series (n = 2) to examine whether tinnitus modulation response to caudate tail subdivision stimulation would be contingent on individual level striatal connectivity map relationships with tinnitus networks. Resting-state fMRI identified five caudate subdivisions with abnormal cohort level functional connectivity maps. Of those, two connectivity maps exhibited increased connectivity with tinnitus networks-dorsal caudate head with Heschl's gyrus and caudate tail with the ventral cerebellum. DBS of the caudate tail in the case-series responder resulted in dramatic reductions in tinnitus severity and loudness, in contrast to the nonresponder who showed no tinnitus modulation. The individual level connectivity map of the responder was in alignment with the cohort expectation connectivity map, where the caudate tail exhibited increased connectivity with tinnitus networks, whereas the nonresponder individual level connectivity map did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leighton B N Hinkley
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paul S Larson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Henderson Sabes
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Danielle Mizuiri
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carly Demopoulos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Meredith E Adams
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher P Hess
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Srikantan S Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven W Cheung
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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16
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Contemporary functional neuroanatomy and pathophysiology of dystonia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:499-508. [PMID: 33486625 PMCID: PMC8099808 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dystonia is a disabling movement disorder characterized by abnormal postures or patterned and repetitive movements due to co-contraction of muscles in proximity to muscles desired for a certain movement. Important and well-established pathophysiological concepts are the impairment of sensorimotor integration, a loss of inhibitory control on several levels of the central nervous system and changes in synaptic plasticity. These mechanisms collectively contribute to an impairment of the gating function of the basal ganglia which results in an insufficient suppression of noisy activity and an excessive activation of cortical areas. In addition to this traditional view, a plethora of animal, genetic, imaging and electrophysiological studies highlight the role of the (1) cerebellum, (2) the cerebello-thalamic connection and (3) the functional interplay between basal ganglia and the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of dystonia. Another emerging topic is the better understanding of the microarchitecture of the striatum and its implications for dystonia. The striosomes are of particular interest as they likely control the dopamine release via inhibitory striato-nigral projections. Striosomal dysfunction has been implicated in hyperkinetic movement disorders including dystonia. This review will provide a comprehensive overview about the current understanding of the functional neuroanatomy and pathophysiology of dystonia and aims to move the traditional view of a ‘basal ganglia disorder’ to a network perspective with a dynamic interplay between cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem and cerebellum.
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17
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Morigaki R, Lee JH, Yoshida T, Wüthrich C, Hu D, Crittenden JR, Friedman A, Kubota Y, Graybiel AM. Spatiotemporal Up-Regulation of Mu Opioid Receptor 1 in Striatum of Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease Differentially Affecting Caudal and Striosomal Regions. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:608060. [PMID: 33362481 PMCID: PMC7758501 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.608060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum of humans and other mammals is divided into macroscopic compartments made up of a labyrinthine striosome compartment embedded in a much larger surrounding matrix compartment. Anatomical and snRNA-Seq studies of the Huntington’s disease (HD) postmortem striatum suggest a preferential decline of some striosomal markers, and mRNAs studies of HD model mice concur. Here, by immunohistochemical methods, we examined the distribution of the canonical striosomal marker, mu-opioid receptor 1 (MOR1), in the striatum of the Q175 knock-in mouse model of HD in a postnatal time series extending from 3 to 19 months. We demonstrate that, contrary to the loss of many markers for striosomes, there is a pronounced up-regulation of MOR1 in these Q175 knock-in mice. We show that in heterozygous Q175 knock-in model mice [~192 cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats], this MOR1 up-regulation progressed with advancing age and disease progression, and was particularly remarkable at caudal levels of the striatum. Given the known importance of MOR1 in basal ganglia signaling, our findings, though in mice, should offer clues to the pathogenesis of psychiatric features, especially depression, reinforcement sensitivity, and involuntary movements in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Morigaki
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Advanced Brain Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jannifer H Lee
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Tomoko Yoshida
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Christian Wüthrich
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Dan Hu
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jill R Crittenden
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Institute for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Alexander Friedman
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Yasuo Kubota
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ann M Graybiel
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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18
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Arasaratnam CJ, Singh-Bains MK, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RLM. Neuroimaging and neuropathology studies of X-linked dystonia parkinsonism. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105186. [PMID: 33227492 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism (XDP) is a recessive, genetically inherited neurodegenerative disorder endemic to Panay Island in the Philippines. Clinical symptoms include the initial appearance of dystonia, followed by parkinsonian traits after 10-15 years. The basal ganglia, particularly the striatum, is an area of focus in XDP neuropathology research, as the striatum shows marked atrophy that correlates with disease progression. Thus, XDP shares features of Parkinson's disease symptomatology, in addition to the genetic predisposition and presence of striatal atrophy resembling Huntington's disease. However, further research is required to reveal the detailed pathology and indicators of disease in the XDP brain. First, there are limited neuropathological studies that have investigated neuronal changes and neuroinflammation in the XDP brain. However, multiple neuroimaging studies on XDP patients provide clues to other affected brain regions. Furthermore, molecular pathological studies have elucidated that the main genetic cause of XDP is in the TAF-1 gene, but how this mutation relates to XDP neuropathology still remains to be fully investigated. Hence, we aim to provide an extensive overview of the current literature describing neuropathological changes within the XDP brain, and discuss future research avenues, which will provide a better understanding of XDP neuropathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Arasaratnam
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, New Zealand; University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Malvindar K Singh-Bains
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, New Zealand; University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Henry J Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, New Zealand; University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, New Zealand; University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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19
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Kuo HY, Liu FC. Pathological alterations in striatal compartments in the human brain of autism spectrum disorder. Mol Brain 2020; 13:83. [PMID: 32460809 PMCID: PMC7254729 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum comprises a mosaic structure of striosomal and matrix compartments. Imbalanced neuronal activity between striosomes and matrix is implicated in neurological deficits in psychomotor and limbic functions. Because patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are impaired in social communication and psychomotor function, it raises the possibility that abnormal striatal compartments may contribute to ASD pathogenesis. Here, we provide pathological evidence from human postmortem brains to support this hypothesis. Because ASD is a neurodevelopmental disease that emerges early in childhood, we analyzed juvenile and adolescent brains. Distinct patterns of PRODYNORPHIN-positive and calbindin-poor striosomes were detected in the caudate nucleus of control brains by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. By contrast, PRODYNORPHIN-positive and calbindin-poor striosomes were decreased in the caudate nucleus of young ASD brains. Moreover, calbindin, a matrix marker, was aberrantly increased in the striosomal compartment, obscuring the boundaries between calbindin-poor striosomes and calbindin-rich matrix in ASD caudate nucleus. Calbindin-positive cells were decreased in the ASD matrix compartment. Collectively, our study has uncovered for the first time that aberrant striatal compartments occur in the caudate nucleus of human ASD brains, which suggests abnormal striatal compartmentation as a pathological signature that has previously been underestimated in ASD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ying Kuo
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
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20
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Decreased density of cholinergic interneurons in striatal territories in Williams syndrome. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1019-1032. [PMID: 32189114 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the hemideletion of approximately 25-28 genes at 7q11.23. Its unusual social and cognitive phenotype is most strikingly characterized by the disinhibition of social behavior, in addition to reduced global IQ, with a relative sparing of language ability. Hypersociality and increased social approach behavior in WS may represent a unique inability to inhibit responses to specific social stimuli, which is likely associated with abnormalities of frontostriatal circuitry. The striatum is characterized by a diversity of interneuron subtypes, including inhibitory parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV+) and excitatory cholinergic interneurons (Ch+). Animal model research has identified an important role for these specialized cells in regulating social approach behavior. Previous research in humans identified a depletion of interneuron subtypes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we examined the density of PV+ and Ch+ interneurons in the striatum of 13 WS and neurotypical (NT) subjects. We found a significant reduction in the density of Ch+ interneurons in the medial caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens, important regions receiving cortical afferents from the orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and circuitry involved in language and reward systems. No significant difference in the distribution of PV+ interneurons was found. The pattern of decreased Ch+ interneuron densities in WS differs from patterns of interneuron depletion found in other disorders.
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21
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Structural organization, GABAergic and tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the striatum and globus pallidus of the South American plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus (Rodentia, Caviomorpha). J Mol Histol 2019; 50:515-531. [PMID: 31515635 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-019-09845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The striatum is an essential component of the basal ganglia that regulatessensory processing, motor, cognition, and behavior. Depending on the species, the striatum shows a unique structure called caudate-putamen as in mice, or its separation into two regions called caudate and lenticular nuclei, the latter formed by putamen and globus pallidus areas, as in primates. These structures have two compartments, striosome and matrix. We investigated the structural organization, GABAergic and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the striatum and globus pallidus of the South American plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus. Its striatum showed regionalization arising from the presence of an internal capsule, and a similar organization to a striosome-matrix compartmentalization. GABAergic neurons in the matrix of caudate exhibited parvalbumin, calretinin, calbindin, GAD65, and NADPH-d-immunoreactivity. These were also expressed in cells of the putamen with the exception of calretinin showing neurofibers localization. Globus pallidus showed parvalbumin- and GAD65-immunoreactive cells, and calretinin- and calbindin-immunoreactive neuropil, plus GABA-A-immunoreactive neurofibers. NADPH-d-, GAD65- and GABA-A-immunoreactive neurons were larger than parvalbumin-, calretinin-, and calbindin-immunoreactive cells, whereas calbindin-immunoreactive cells were the most abundant. In addition, TH-immunoreactive neuropil was observed in the matrix of the striatum. A significant larger TH-immunoreactive area and neuron number was found in females compared to males. The presence of an internal capsule suggests an adaptive advantage concerning motor and cognitive abilities favoring reaction time in response to predators. In an anatomy-evolutive perspective, the striatum of vizcacha seems to be closer to that of humans than to that of laboratory traditional models such as mouse.
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22
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Hanssen H, Prasuhn J, Heldmann M, Diesta CC, Domingo A, Göttlich M, Blood AJ, Rosales RL, Jamora RDG, Münte TF, Klein C, Brüggemann N. Imaging gradual neurodegeneration in a basal ganglia model disease. Ann Neurol 2019; 86:517-526. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.25566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Hanssen
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein, Campus Lübeck Lübeck Germany
- Institute of NeurogeneticsUniversity of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Jannik Prasuhn
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein, Campus Lübeck Lübeck Germany
- Institute of NeurogeneticsUniversity of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Marcus Heldmann
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein, Campus Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Cid C. Diesta
- Asian Hospital and Medical Center, Filinvest Corporate City, Alabang Muntinlupa City the Philippines
| | - Aloysius Domingo
- Institute of NeurogeneticsUniversity of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
| | - Martin Göttlich
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein, Campus Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Anne J. Blood
- Mood and Motor Control LaboratoryMassachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and GeneticsMassachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA
- Department of Neurology and PsychiatryMassachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA
- Division of Child NeurologyBoston Children's Hospital Boston MA
| | - Raymond L. Rosales
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Santo Tomas Manila the Philippines
| | - Roland D. G. Jamora
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine–Philippine General HospitalUniversity of the Philippines Manila Manila the Philippines
| | - Thomas F. Münte
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein, Campus Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of NeurogeneticsUniversity of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein, Campus Lübeck Lübeck Germany
- Institute of NeurogeneticsUniversity of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
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23
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Miyamoto Y, Nagayoshi I, Nishi A, Fukuda T. Three divisions of the mouse caudal striatum differ in the proportions of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-expressing cells, distribution of dopaminergic axons, and composition of cholinergic and GABAergic interneurons. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2703-2716. [PMID: 31375982 PMCID: PMC6778543 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The greater part of the striatum is composed of striosomes and matrix compartments, but we recently demonstrated the presence of a region that has a distinct structural organization in the ventral half of the mouse caudal striatum (Miyamoto et al. in Brain Struct Funct 223:4275-4291, 2018). This region, termed the tri-laminar part based upon its differential immunoreactivities for substance P and enkephalin, consists of medial, intermediate, and lateral divisions. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed the distributions of both projection neurons and interneurons in each division using immunohistochemistry. Two types of projection neurons expressing either the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) or D2 receptor (D2R) showed complementary distributions throughout the tri-laminar part, but the proportions significantly differed among the three divisions. The proportion of D1R-expressing neurons in the medial, intermediate, and lateral divisions was 88.6 ± 8.2% (651 cells from 3 mice), 14.7 ± 3.8% (1025 cells), and 49.3 ± 4.5% (873 cells), respectively. The intermediate division was further characterized by poor innervation of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive axons. The numerical density of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactive neurons differed among the three divisions following the order from the medial to lateral divisions. In contrast, PV-positive somata were distributed throughout all three divisions at a constant density. Two types of GABAergic interneurons labeled for nitric oxide synthase and calretinin showed the highest cell density in the medial division. The present results characterize the three divisions of the mouse caudal striatum as distinct structures, which will facilitate studies of novel functional loops in the basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Miyamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Issei Nagayoshi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Akinori Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takaichi Fukuda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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24
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders in which abnormal lipopigments form lysosomal inclusion bodies in neurons. Kufs disease is rare, and clinical symptoms include seizures, progressive cognitive impairment, and myoclonus. Most cases of Kufs disease are autosomal recessive; however, there have been a few case reports of an autosomal dominant form linked to mutations within the DNAJC5 gene. METHODS We describe a family with Kufs disease in which the proband and three of her four children presented with cognitive impairment, seizures, and myoclonus. RESULTS Genetic testing of all four children was positive for a c.346_348delCTC(p.L116del) mutation in the DNAJC5 gene. The proband brain had an abundance of neuronal lipofuscin in the cerebral cortex, striatum, amygdala, hippocampus, substantia nigra, and cerebellum. There were no amyloid plaques or neurofibrillary tangles. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the cholinergic neurons and cholinergic projection fibers were spared, but there was a profound loss of choline acetyltransferase within the caudate, putamen, and basal forebrain. This suggests a loss of choline acetyltransferase as opposed to a loss of the neurons. CONCLUSIONS This report describes the clinical history of autosomal dominant Kufs disease, the genetic mutation within the DNAJC5 gene, and the neuropathological findings demonstrating depletion of choline acetyltransferase in the brain.
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25
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Spatial memory in Huntington’s disease: A comparative review of human and animal data. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:194-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Morona R, López JM, Northcutt RG, González A. Regional chemoarchitecture of the brain of lungfishes based on calbindin D-28K and calretinin immunohistochemistry. J Comp Neurol 2018. [PMID: 29520817 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lungfishes are the closest living relatives of land vertebrates, and their neuroanatomical organization is particularly relevant for deducing the neural traits that have been conserved, modified, or lost with the transition from fishes to land vertebrates. The immunohistochemical localization of calbindin (CB) and calretinin (CR) provides a powerful method for discerning segregated neuronal populations, fiber tracts, and neuropils and is here applied to the brains of Neoceratodus and Protopterus, representing the two extant orders of lungfishes. The results showed abundant cells containing these proteins in pallial and subpallial telencephalic regions, with particular distinct distribution in the basal ganglia, amygdaloid complex, and septum. Similarly, the distribution of CB and CR containing cells supports the division of the hypothalamus of lungfishes into neuromeric regions, as in tetrapods. The dense concentrations of CB and CR positive cells and fibers highlight the extent of the thalamus. As in other vertebrates, the optic tectum is characterized by numerous CB positive cells and fibers and smaller numbers of CR cells. The so-called cerebellar nucleus contains abundant CB and CR cells with long ascending axons, which raises the possibility that it could be homologized to the secondary gustatory nucleus of other vertebrates. The corpus of the cerebellum is devoid of CB and CR and cells positive for both proteins are found in the cerebellar auricles and the octavolateralis nuclei. Comparison with other vertebrates reveals that lungfishes share most of their features of calcium binding protein distribution with amphibians, particularly with salamanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Morona
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M López
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain
| | - R Glenn Northcutt
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, , University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Agustín González
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain
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27
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Mesocorticolimbic Connectivity and Volumetric Alterations in DCC Mutation Carriers. J Neurosci 2018; 38:4655-4665. [PMID: 29712788 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3251-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The axon guidance cue receptor DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) plays a critical role in the organization of mesocorticolimbic pathways in rodents. To investigate whether this occurs in humans, we measured (1) anatomical connectivity between the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA) and forebrain targets, (2) striatal and cortical volumes, and (3) putatively associated traits and behaviors. To assess translatability, morphometric data were also collected in Dcc-haploinsufficient mice. The human volunteers were 20 DCC+/- mutation carriers, 16 DCC+/+ relatives, and 20 DCC+/+ unrelated healthy volunteers (UHVs; 28 females). The mice were 11 Dcc+/- and 16 wild-type C57BL/6J animals assessed during adolescence and adulthood. Compared with both control groups, the human DCC+/- carriers exhibited the following: (1) reduced anatomical connectivity from the SN/VTA to the ventral striatum [DCC+/+: p = 0.0005, r(effect size) = 0.60; UHV: p = 0.0029, r = 0.48] and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (DCC+/+: p = 0.0031, r = 0.53; UHV: p = 0.034, r = 0.35); (2) lower novelty-seeking scores (DCC+/+: p = 0.034, d = 0.82; UHV: p = 0.019, d = 0.84); and (3) reduced striatal volume (DCC+/+: p = 0.0009, d = 1.37; UHV: p = 0.0054, d = 0.93). Striatal volumetric reductions were also present in Dcc+/- mice, and these were seen during adolescence (p = 0.0058, d = 1.09) and adulthood (p = 0.003, d = 1.26). Together these findings provide the first evidence in humans that an axon guidance gene is involved in the formation of mesocorticolimbic circuitry and related behavioral traits, providing mechanisms through which DCC mutations might affect susceptibility to diverse neuropsychiatric disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Opportunities to study the effects of axon guidance molecules on human brain development have been rare. Here, the identification of a large four-generational family that carries a mutation to the axon guidance molecule receptor gene, DCC, enabled us to demonstrate effects on mesocorticolimbic anatomical connectivity, striatal volumes, and personality traits. Reductions in striatal volumes were replicated in DCC-haploinsufficient mice. Together, these processes might influence mesocorticolimbic function and susceptibility to diverse neuropsychiatric disorders.
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28
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Anderson KM, Krienen FM, Choi EY, Reinen JM, Yeo BTT, Holmes AJ. Gene expression links functional networks across cortex and striatum. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1428. [PMID: 29651138 PMCID: PMC5897339 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03811-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is comprised of a complex web of functional networks that link anatomically distinct regions. However, the biological mechanisms supporting network organization remain elusive, particularly across cortical and subcortical territories with vastly divergent cellular and molecular properties. Here, using human and primate brain transcriptional atlases, we demonstrate that spatial patterns of gene expression show strong correspondence with limbic and somato/motor cortico-striatal functional networks. Network-associated expression is consistent across independent human datasets and evolutionarily conserved in non-human primates. Genes preferentially expressed within the limbic network (encompassing nucleus accumbens, orbital/ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and temporal pole) relate to risk for psychiatric illness, chloride channel complexes, and markers of somatostatin neurons. Somato/motor associated genes are enriched for oligodendrocytes and markers of parvalbumin neurons. These analyses indicate that parallel cortico-striatal processing channels possess dissociable genetic signatures that recapitulate distributed functional networks, and nominate molecular mechanisms supporting cortico-striatal circuitry in health and disease. The functional connectivity of brain regions can be reflected in a shared molecular architecture. This cross-modal study demonstrates correspondence of spatial patterns of gene expression to limbic and somato/motor cortico-striatal networks in human and non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Fenna M Krienen
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jenna M Reinen
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology and Memory Network Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. .,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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29
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Hanson KL, Lew CH, Hrvoj-Mihic B, Groeniger KM, Halgren E, Bellugi U, Semendeferi K. Increased glia density in the caudate nucleus in williams syndrome: Implications for frontostriatal dysfunction in autism. Dev Neurobiol 2017; 78:531-545. [PMID: 29090517 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder with a well-described, known genetic etiology. In contrast to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), WS has a unique phenotype characterized by global reductions in IQ and visuospatial ability, with relatively preserved language function, enhanced reactivity to social stimuli and music, and an unusual eagerness to interact socially with strangers. A duplication of the deleted region in WS has been implicated in a subset of ASD cases, defining a spectrum of genetic and behavioral variation at this locus defined by these opposite extremes in social behavior. The hypersociability characteristic of WS may be linked to abnormalities of frontostriatal circuitry that manifest as deficits in inhibitory control of behavior. Here, we examined the density of neurons and glia in associative and limbic territories of the striatum including the caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens regions in Nissl stained sections in five pairs of age, sex, and hemisphere-matched WS and typically-developing control (TD) subjects. In contrast to what is reported in ASD, no significant increase in overall neuron density was observed in this study. However, we found a significant increase in the density of glia in the dorsal caudate nucleus, and in the ratio of glia to neurons in the dorsal and medial caudate nucleus in WS, accompanied by a significant increase in density of oligodendrocytes in the medial caudate nucleus. These cellular abnormalities may underlie reduced frontostriatal activity observed in WS, with implications for understanding altered connectivity and function in ASD. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 531-545, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari L Hanson
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Caroline H Lew
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Branka Hrvoj-Mihic
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kimberly M Groeniger
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Eric Halgren
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ursula Bellugi
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Katerina Semendeferi
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Kavli Institute for Brain & Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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30
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Shioda N, Yabuki Y, Wang Y, Uchigashima M, Hikida T, Sasaoka T, Mori H, Watanabe M, Sasahara M, Fukunaga K. Endocytosis following dopamine D 2 receptor activation is critical for neuronal activity and dendritic spine formation via Rabex-5/PDGFRβ signaling in striatopallidal medium spiny neurons. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1205-1222. [PMID: 27922607 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) activity is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, making those receptors targets for antipsychotic drugs. Here, we report that novel signaling through the intracellularly localized D2R long isoform (D2LR) elicits extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation and dendritic spine formation through Rabex-5/platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFRβ)-mediated endocytosis in mouse striatum. We found that D2LR directly binds to and activates Rabex-5, promoting early-endosome formation. Endosomes containing D2LR and PDGFRβ are then transported to the Golgi apparatus, where those complexes trigger Gαi3-mediated ERK signaling. Loss of intracellular D2LR-mediated ERK activation decreased neuronal activity and dendritic spine density in striatopallidal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). In addition, dendritic spine density in striatopallidal MSNs significantly increased following treatment of striatal slices from wild-type mice with quinpirole, a D2R agonist, but those changes were lacking in D2LR knockout mice. Moreover, intracellular D2LR signaling mediated effects of a typical antipsychotic drug, haloperidol, in inducing catalepsy behavior. Taken together, intracellular D2LR signaling through Rabex-5/PDGFRβ is critical for ERK activation, dendritic spine formation and neuronal activity in striatopallidal MSNs of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shioda
- Department of Biofunctional Analysis Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Y Yabuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - M Uchigashima
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - T Hikida
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Sasaoka
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - M Sasahara
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - K Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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31
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Morigaki R, Goto S. Striatal Vulnerability in Huntington's Disease: Neuroprotection Versus Neurotoxicity. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7060063. [PMID: 28590448 PMCID: PMC5483636 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7060063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of a CAG trinucleotide repeat encoding an abnormally long polyglutamine tract (PolyQ) in the huntingtin (Htt) protein. In HD, striking neuropathological changes occur in the striatum, including loss of medium spiny neurons and parvalbumin-expressing interneurons accompanied by neurodegeneration of the striosome and matrix compartments, leading to progressive impairment of reasoning, walking and speaking abilities. The precise cause of striatal pathology in HD is still unknown; however, accumulating clinical and experimental evidence suggests multiple plausible pathophysiological mechanisms underlying striatal neurodegeneration in HD. Here, we review and discuss the characteristic neurodegenerative patterns observed in the striatum of HD patients and consider the role of various huntingtin-related and striatum-enriched proteins in neurotoxicity and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Morigaki
- Parkinson's Disease and Dystonia Research Center, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Goto
- Parkinson's Disease and Dystonia Research Center, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
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32
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Brimblecombe KR, Cragg SJ. The Striosome and Matrix Compartments of the Striatum: A Path through the Labyrinth from Neurochemistry toward Function. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:235-242. [PMID: 27977131 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum is a heterogeneous structure with a diverse range of neuron types and neuromodulators. Three decades of anatomical and biochemical studies have established that the neurochemical organization of striatum is not uniformly heterogeneous, but rather, can be differentiated into neurochemically discrete compartments known as striosomes (also known as patches) and matrix. These compartments are well understood to differ in their expression of neurochemical markers, with some differences in afferent and efferent connectivity and have also been suggested to have different involvement in a range of neurological diseases. However, the functional outcomes of striosome-matrix organization are poorly understood. Now, recent findings and new experimental tools are beginning to reveal that the distinctions between striosomes and matrix have distinct consequences for striatal synapse function. Here, we review recent findings that suggest there can be distinct regulation of neural function in striosome versus matrix compartments, particularly compartment-specific neurochemical interactions. We highlight that new transgenic and viral tools are becoming available that should now accelerate the pace of advances in understanding of these long-mysterious striatal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R. Brimblecombe
- Department
of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, and ‡Oxford Parkinson’s
Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K
| | - Stephanie J. Cragg
- Department
of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, and ‡Oxford Parkinson’s
Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K
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33
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The Complexity of Clinical Huntington's Disease: Developments in Molecular Genetics, Neuropathology and Neuroimaging Biomarkers. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 15:129-161. [PMID: 28674980 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57193-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterised by extensive neuronal loss in the striatum and cerebral cortex, and a triad of clinical symptoms affecting motor, cognitive/behavioural and mood functioning. The mutation causing HD is an expansion of a CAG tract in exon 1 of the HTT gene. This chapter provides a multifaceted overview of the clinical complexity of HD. We explore recent directions in molecular genetics including the identification of loci that are genetic modifiers of HD that could potentially reveal therapeutic targets beyond the HTT gene transcript and protein. The variability of clinical symptomatology in HD is considered alongside recent findings of variability in cellular and neurochemical changes in the striatum and cerebral cortex in human brain. We review evidence from structural neuroimaging methods of progressive changes of striatum, cerebral cortex and white matter in pre-symptomatic and symptomatic HD, with a particular focus on the potential identification of neuroimaging biomarkers that could be used to test promising disease-specific and modifying treatments. Finally we provide an overview of completed clinical trials in HD and future therapeutic developments.
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34
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Bruce LL, Erichsen JT, Reiner A. Neurochemical compartmentalization within the pigeon basal ganglia. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 78:65-86. [PMID: 27562515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The goals of this study were to use multiple informative markers to define and characterize the neurochemically distinct compartments of the pigeon basal ganglia, especially striatum and accumbens. To this end, we used antibodies against 12 different neuropeptides, calcium-binding proteins or neurotransmitter-related enzymes that are enriched in the basal ganglia. Our results clarify boundaries between previously described basal ganglia subdivisions in birds, and reveal considerable novel heterogeneity within these previously described subdivisions. Sixteen regions were identified that each displayed a unique neurochemical organization. Four compartments were identified within the dorsal striatal region. The neurochemical characteristics support previous comparisons to part of the central extended amygdala, somatomotor striatum, and associational striatum of mammals, respectively. The medialmost part of the medial striatum, however, has several unique features, including prominent pallidal-like woolly fibers and thus may be a region unique to birds. Four neurochemically distinct regions were identified within the pigeon ventral striatum: the accumbens, paratubercular striatum, ventrocaudal striatum, and the ventral area of the lateral part of the medial striatum that is located adjacent to these regions. The pigeon accumbens is neurochemically similar to the mammalian rostral accumbens. The pigeon paratubercular and ventrocaudal striatal regions are similar to the mammalian accumbens shell. The ventral portions of the medial and lateral parts of the medial striatum, which are located adjacent to accumbens shell-like areas, have neurochemical characteristics as well as previously reported limbic connections that are comparable to the accumbens core. Comparisons to neurochemically identified compartments in reptiles, mammals, and amphibians indicate that, although most of the basic compartments of the basal ganglia were highly conserved during tetrapod evolution, uniquely avian compartments may exist as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Bruce
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha NE, 68178, USA.
| | | | - Anton Reiner
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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35
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Raghanti MA, Edler MK, Stephenson AR, Wilson LJ, Hopkins WD, Ely JJ, Erwin JM, Jacobs B, Hof PR, Sherwood CC. Human-specific increase of dopaminergic innervation in a striatal region associated with speech and language: A comparative analysis of the primate basal ganglia. J Comp Neurol 2016; 524:2117-29. [PMID: 26715195 PMCID: PMC4860035 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The dopaminergic innervation of the striatum has been implicated in learning processes and in the development of human speech and language. Several lines of evidence suggest that evolutionary changes in dopaminergic afferents of the striatum may be associated with uniquely human cognitive and behavioral abilities, including the association of the human-specific sequence of the FOXP2 gene with decreased dopamine in the dorsomedial striatum of mice. To examine this possibility, we quantified the density of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive axons as a measure of dopaminergic innervation within five basal ganglia regions in humans, great apes, and New and Old World monkeys. Our results indicate that humans differ from nonhuman primate species in having a significant increase in dopaminergic innervation selectively localized to the medial caudate nucleus. This region of the striatum is highly interconnected, receiving afferents from multiple neocortical regions, and supports behavioral and cognitive flexibility. The medial caudate nucleus also shows hyperactivity in humans lacking a functional FOXP2 allele and exhibits altered dopamine concentrations in humanized Foxp2 mice. Additionally, striatal dopaminergic input was not altered in chimpanzees that used socially learned attention-getting sounds versus those that did not. This evidence indicates that the increase in dopamine innervation of the medial caudate nucleus in humans is a species-typical characteristic not associated with experience-dependent plasticity. The specificity of this increase may be related to the degree of convergence from cortical areas within this region of the striatum and may also be involved in human speech and language. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2117-2129, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Raghanti
- Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Melissa K. Edler
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | | | - Lakaléa J. Wilson
- Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - William D. Hopkins
- Division of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Joseph M. Erwin
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis
| | - Bob Jacobs
- Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Psychology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Chet C. Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 USA
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Morigaki R, Goto S. Putaminal Mosaic Visualized by Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunohistochemistry in the Human Neostriatum. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:34. [PMID: 27092059 PMCID: PMC4820446 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits, the putamen plays a critical role in the “motor” circuits that control voluntary movements and motor learning. The human neostriatum comprises two functional subdivisions known as the striosome (patch) and matrix compartments. Accumulating evidence suggests that compartment-specific dysregulations of dopamine activity might be involved in the disease-specific pathology and symptoms of human striatal diseases including movement disorders. This study was undertaken to examine whether or how striatal dopaminergic innervations are organized into the compartmentalized architecture found in the putamen of adult human brains. For this purpose, we used a highly sensitive immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique to identify tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; EC 1.14.16.2), a marker for striatal dopaminergic axons and terminals, in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues obtained from autopsied human brains. Herein, we report that discrete compartmentalization of TH-labeled innervations occurs in the putamen, as in the caudate nucleus (CN), with a higher density of TH labeling in the matrix compared to the striosomes. Our results provide anatomical evidence to support the hypothesis that compartment-specific dysfunction of the striosome-matrix dopaminergic systems might contribute to the genesis of movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Morigaki
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushima, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Dystonia Research Center, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima UniversityTokushima, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Goto
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushima, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Dystonia Research Center, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima UniversityTokushima, Japan
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Transcriptome Analysis of the Human Striatum in Tourette Syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:372-382. [PMID: 25199956 PMCID: PMC4305353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have not revealed any risk-conferring common genetic variants in Tourette syndrome (TS), requiring the adoption of alternative approaches to investigate the pathophysiology of this disorder. METHODS We obtained the basal ganglia transcriptome by RNA sequencing in the caudate and putamen of nine TS and nine matched normal control subjects. RESULTS We found 309 downregulated and 822 upregulated genes in the caudate and putamen (striatum) of TS individuals. Using data-driven gene network analysis, we identified 17 gene coexpression modules associated with TS. The top-scoring downregulated module in TS was enriched in striatal interneuron transcripts, which was confirmed by decreased numbers of cholinergic and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons by immunohistochemistry in the same regions. The top-scoring upregulated module was enriched in immune-related genes, consistent with activation of microglia in patients' striatum. Genes implicated by copy number variants in TS were enriched in the interneuron module, as well as in a protocadherin module. Module clustering revealed that the interneuron module was correlated with a neuronal metabolism module. CONCLUSIONS Convergence of differential expression, network analyses, and module clustering, together with copy number variants implicated in TS, strongly implicates disrupted interneuron signaling in the pathophysiology of severe TS and suggests that metabolic alterations may be linked to their death or dysfunction.
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Temporally Coordinated Deep Brain Stimulation in the Dorsal and Ventral Striatum Synergistically Enhances Associative Learning. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18806. [PMID: 26725509 PMCID: PMC4698744 DOI: 10.1038/srep18806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The primate brain has the remarkable ability of mapping sensory stimuli into motor behaviors that can lead to positive outcomes. We have previously shown that during the reinforcement of visual-motor behavior, activity in the caudate nucleus is correlated with the rate of learning. Moreover, phasic microstimulation in the caudate during the reinforcement period was shown to enhance associative learning, demonstrating the importance of temporal specificity to manipulate learning related changes. Here we present evidence that extends upon our previous finding by demonstrating that temporally coordinated phasic deep brain stimulation across both the nucleus accumbens and caudate can further enhance associative learning. Monkeys performed a visual-motor associative learning task and received stimulation at time points critical to learning related changes. Resulting performance revealed an enhancement in the rate, ceiling, and reaction times of learning. Stimulation of each brain region alone or at different time points did not generate the same effect.
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Telzer EH. Dopaminergic reward sensitivity can promote adolescent health: A new perspective on the mechanism of ventral striatum activation. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2015; 17:57-67. [PMID: 26708774 PMCID: PMC4727991 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevailing view in the field of adolescent brain development is that heightened activity in the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward system serves as a liability, orienting adolescents toward risky behaviors, increasing their sensitivity to social evaluation and loss, and resulting in compromised well-being. Several findings inconsistent with this deficit view challenge the perspective that adolescent reward sensitivity largely serves as a liability and highlights the potential adaptive function that heightened striatal reactivity can serve. The goal of this review is to refine our understanding of dopaminergic reward sensitivity in adolescence. I review several studies showing that ventral striatum activation serves an adaptive function for adolescents’ health and well being relating to declines in both risk taking and depression and increases in cognitive persistence and achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva H Telzer
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, United States; Beckman Institute for Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, United States.
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Substance P Weights Striatal Dopamine Transmission Differently within the Striosome-Matrix Axis. J Neurosci 2015; 35:9017-23. [PMID: 26085627 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0870-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian striatum has a topographical organization of input-output connectivity, but a complex internal, nonlaminar neuronal architecture comprising projection neurons of two types interspersed among multiple interneuron types and potential local neuromodulators. From this cellular melange arises a biochemical compartmentalization of areas termed striosomes and extrastriosomal matrix. The functions of these compartments are poorly understood but might confer distinct features to striatal signal processing and be discretely governed. Dopamine transmission occurs throughout striosomes and matrix, and is reported to be modulated by the striosomally enriched neuromodulator substance P. However, reported effects are conflicting, ranging from facilitation to inhibition. We addressed whether dopamine transmission is modulated differently in striosome-matrix compartments by substance P.We paired detection of evoked dopamine release at carbon-fiber microelectrodes in mouse striatal slices with subsequent identification of the location of recording sites with respect to μ-opioid receptor-rich striosomes. Substance P had bidirectional effects on dopamine release that varied between recording sites and were prevented by inhibition of neurokinin-1 receptors. The direction of modulation was determined by location within the striosomal-matrix axis: dopamine release was boosted in striosome centers, diminished in striosomal-matrix border regions, and unaffected in the matrix. In turn, this different weighting of dopamine transmission by substance P modified the apparent center-surround contrast of striosomal dopamine signals. These data reveal that dopamine transmission can be differentially modulated within the striosomal-matrix axis, and furthermore, indicate a functionally distinct zone at the striosome-matrix interface, which may have key impacts on striatal integration.
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Lucas-Neto L, Reimão S, Oliveira E, Rainha-Campos A, Sousa J, Nunes RG, Gonçalves-Ferreira A, Campos JG. Advanced MR Imaging of the Human Nucleus Accumbens-Additional Guiding Tool for Deep Brain Stimulation. Neuromodulation 2015; 18:341-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lia Lucas-Neto
- Anatomy Department; Lisbon Medical School; Lisboa Portugal
- Neuroradiology Department; North Lisbon Medical Center; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Sofia Reimão
- Neuroradiology Department; North Lisbon Medical Center; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Edson Oliveira
- Anatomy Department; Lisbon Medical School; Lisboa Portugal
- Neurosurgery Department; North Lisbon Medical Center; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Alexandre Rainha-Campos
- Anatomy Department; Lisbon Medical School; Lisboa Portugal
- Neurosurgery Department; North Lisbon Medical Center; Lisboa Portugal
| | - João Sousa
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica; Faculdade de Ciências; University of Lisbon; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Rita G. Nunes
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica; Faculdade de Ciências; University of Lisbon; Lisboa Portugal
| | - António Gonçalves-Ferreira
- Anatomy Department; Lisbon Medical School; Lisboa Portugal
- Neurosurgery Department; North Lisbon Medical Center; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Jorge G. Campos
- Neuroradiology Department; North Lisbon Medical Center; Lisboa Portugal
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Goto S, Morigaki R, Okita S, Nagahiro S, Kaji R. Development of a highly sensitive immunohistochemical method to detect neurochemical molecules in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from autopsied human brains. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:22. [PMID: 25784860 PMCID: PMC4347496 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a valuable method for identifying discrete neurochemical molecules by the interaction of target antigens with validated antibodies tagged with a visible label (e.g., peroxidase). We have developed an immunostaining method that is highly sensitive in detection of neurochemical antigens. Our IHC method, which we call the PBTA method, involves a hybrid protocol that implements aspects of both the polymer and avidin-biotin-complex (ABC) methods in combination with biotin-tyramide amplification. When using [Met]-enkephalin as a target antigen, the sensitivity of the PBTA method for IHC was more than 100-fold higher compared with the polymer and ABC methods. In addition, its sensitivity for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was about 1,000-fold higher compared with the ABC method. We examined the utility of our IHC method for both chromogenic and fluorescence detection systems used to visualize neurochemical peptides and proteins in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from autopsied human brains. The results convincingly demonstrate that under optimal conditions, our IHC method is highly sensitive without increasing non-specific background activities. Our IHC method could be a powerful tool for detection and visualization of neurochemical antigens that are present even in trace amounts in autopsied human brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Goto
- Department of Motor Neuroscience and Neurotherapeutics, Institute of Health Biosciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University Tokushima, Japan ; Parkinson's Disease and Dystonia Research Center, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima University Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryoma Morigaki
- Department of Motor Neuroscience and Neurotherapeutics, Institute of Health Biosciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University Tokushima, Japan ; Parkinson's Disease and Dystonia Research Center, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima University Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinya Okita
- Parkinson's Disease and Dystonia Research Center, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima University Tokushima, Japan ; Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinji Nagahiro
- Parkinson's Disease and Dystonia Research Center, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima University Tokushima, Japan ; Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kaji
- Parkinson's Disease and Dystonia Research Center, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima University Tokushima, Japan ; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Health Biosciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University Tokushima, Japan
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NCX1 Exchanger Cooperates with Calretinin to Confer Preconditioning-Induced Tolerance Against Cerebral Ischemia in the Striatum. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1365-1376. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Waldvogel HJ, Kim EH, Tippett LJ, Vonsattel JPG, Faull RLM. The Neuropathology of Huntington's Disease. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2015; 22:33-80. [PMID: 25300927 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2014_354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The basal ganglia are a highly interconnected set of subcortical nuclei and major atrophy in one or more regions may have major effects on other regions of the brain. Therefore, the striatum which is preferentially degenerated and receives projections from the entire cortex also affects the regions to which it targets, especially the globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata. Additionally, the cerebral cortex is itself severely affected as are many other regions of the brain, especially in more advanced cases. The cell loss in the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex is extensive. The most important new findings in Huntington's disease pathology is the highly variable nature of the degeneration in the brain. Most interestingly, this variable pattern of pathology appears to reflect the highly variable symptomatology of cases with Huntington's disease even among cases possessing the same number of CAG repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy with Radiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
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Waldvogel H, Faull R. The Diversity of GABAA Receptor Subunit Distribution in the Normal and Huntington's Disease Human Brain1. DIVERSITY AND FUNCTIONS OF GABA RECEPTORS: A TRIBUTE TO HANNS MÖHLER, PART B 2015; 73:223-64. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lucas-Neto L, Mourato B, Neto D, Oliveira E, Martins H, Correia F, Gonçalves-Ferreira A. The nucleus accumbens beyond the anterior commissure: implications for psychosurgery. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2014; 92:291-9. [PMID: 25247282 DOI: 10.1159/000365115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The nucleus accumbens (Acc) is a basal forebrain structure integrated in the dopaminergic cerebral rewarding circuits and implicated in some neuropsychiatric disorders. It has become a target for deep brain stimulation for some of these disorders when refractory to medical treatment. However, it is controversial as to which target is the best and similar results have been achieved with the stimulation of neighboring structures such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Previous studies have established the stereotactic anatomy of the human Acc, but some difficulties remain concerning its precise posterior limit, which is assumed to be at the level of the anterior commissure (AC). It is our purpose to clarify the anatomy of this zone, given the importance of its exact identification in psychosurgery. METHODS A total of 16 Acc were collected by autopsy, fixed, dissected, embedded and cut in coronal 5-µm slices. The slices were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, marked with anti-D1 and anti-D2 antibodies and analyzed under a microscope. RESULTS The human Acc has the same cellular structure as the dorsal striatum, except in its posterior subcommissural part where voluminous neurons prevail, similar to and contiguous with the BNST. CONCLUSIONS The Acc is longer than previously described, with a sub- and postcommissural extension behind the AC, continuous with the BNST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Lucas-Neto
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Barger N, Hanson KL, Teffer K, Schenker-Ahmed NM, Semendeferi K. Evidence for evolutionary specialization in human limbic structures. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:277. [PMID: 24904348 PMCID: PMC4033018 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, functional and evolutionary research has highlighted the important contribution emotion processing makes to complex human social cognition. As such, it may be asked whether neural structures involved in emotion processing, commonly referred to as limbic structures, have been impacted in human brain evolution. To address this question, we performed an extensive evolutionary analysis of multiple limbic structures using modern phylogenetic tools. For this analysis, we combined new volumetric data for the hominoid (human and ape) amygdala and 4 amygdaloid nuclei, hippocampus, and striatum, collected using stereological methods in complete histological series, with previously published datasets on the amygdala, orbital and medial frontal cortex, and insula, as well as a non-limbic structure, the dorsal frontal cortex, for contrast. We performed a parallel analysis using large published datasets including many anthropoid species (human, ape, and monkey), but fewer hominoids, for the amygdala and 2 amygdaloid subdivisions, hippocampus, schizocortex, striatum, and septal nuclei. To address evolutionary change, we compared observed human values to values predicted from regressions run through (a) non-human hominoids and (b) non-human anthropoids, assessing phylogenetic influence using phylogenetic generalized least squares regression. Compared with other hominoids, the volumes of the hippocampus, the lateral nucleus of the amygdala, and the orbital frontal cortex were, respectively, 50, 37, and 11% greater in humans than predicted for an ape of human hemisphere volume, while the medial and dorsal frontal cortex were, respectively, 26 and 29% significantly smaller. Compared with other anthropoids, only human values for the striatum fell significantly below predicted values. Overall, the data present support for the idea that regions involved in emotion processing are not necessarily conserved or regressive, but may even be enhanced in recent human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Barger
- Department of Anthropology, University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA ; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kari L Hanson
- Department of Anthropology, University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kate Teffer
- Department of Anthropology, University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Katerina Semendeferi
- Department of Anthropology, University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA ; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
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Kawakami I, Hasegawa M, Arai T, Ikeda K, Oshima K, Niizato K, Aoki N, Omi K, Higashi S, Hosokawa M, Hirayasu Y, Akiyama H. Tau accumulation in the nucleus accumbens in tangle-predominant dementia. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:40. [PMID: 24708916 PMCID: PMC4023632 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-2-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tangle-predominant dementia (TPD) is characterized neuropathologically by numerous neurofibrillary tangles in the limbic areas with no or occasional senile plaques throughout the brain. TPD is an under-recognized disease, while it is a common cause of dementia in those over 80 years of age. In the present study, we describe hyperphosphorylated tau (tau) accumulation in the nucleus accumbens (Acb) in patients with TPD. Results We investigated immunohistochemically the brain tissues from 7 patients with TPD, 22 with Alzheimer disease (AD) and 11 non-demented aged subjects. In the Acb of all 7 TPD patients, a considerable number of tau positive neurons were found together with many neuropil threads. The tau deposits in the Acb were labeled with all the anti-tau antibodies used in the present study. They included conformational change-specific, phosphorylation-specific and phosphorylation-independent antibodies. The Acb consists of the predominant medium-sized neurons with a small number of large neurons. Both the cell types were affected by tau pathology in TPD. Tau accumulation in the majority of such neurons appeared to be pretangle-like, diffuse deposits with only occasional paired helical filament formation. Tau positive neurons were also found in the Acb in some AD and non-demented aged subjects but much fewer in the majority of cases. The immunoblot analyses of fresh frozen samples of the Acb and parahippocampal cortex from 3 TPD and 3 AD patients revealed that the insoluble tau in the Acb was a mixture of the 3- and 4-repeat isoforms. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of tau accumulation in the Acb in TPD. The Acb receives direct and massive projections from the hippocampal CA1 and subiculum where neurofibrillary tangles are known to occur more frequently in TPD than in AD. The prevalence of abnormal tau accumulation in the Acb in TPD may support the idea that abnormal tau aggregation propagates via neural circuits. In all but one TPD cases used in this study, delusion was a consistent clinical feature. Whether the Acb tau accumulation is related to the psychiatric symptoms in TPD may be an issue for further investigation.
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Lucas-Neto L, Neto D, Oliveira E, Martins H, Mourato B, Correia F, Rainha-Campos A, Gonçalves-Ferreira A. Three dimensional anatomy of the human nucleus accumbens. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2013; 155:2389-98. [PMID: 23913108 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-013-1820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Nucleus accumbens (Acc) is the main structure of the ventral striatum. It acts as a motor-limbic interface, being involved in emotional and psychomotor functions, frequently disturbed in neuropsychiatric disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder and addiction. Most of the studies concerning the Acc were made in animals and those performed in humans are contradictory. Nevertheless, it has become a target for stereotactic deep brain stimulation for some of those diseases, when refractory to medical treatment. Previous studies performed by our group have established the localization, limits and dimensions of the human Acc and its stereotactic coordinates. Now it is our purpose to perform the Acc anatomical three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction in order to clarify its shape and topography and to render this nucleus a safer target for stereotactic procedures. METHODS Anatomical coronal slicing of ten Acc from human brains was performed, perpendicular to the anterior commissure-posterior commissure line and to the midline; then the Acc contours were traced and its dimensions and 3D stereotactic coordinates measured, on each slice. Finally a 3D computerized model was created. RESULTS The human Acc was identified as a distinct brain structure, with clear-cut limits on its posterior half. It lies parallel to the midline, descends caudally, and progresses from a globose to a flattened and dorsolateral concave shape. Its main expression is subcomissural. CONCLUSION This study defined more accurately the 3D anatomy of the human Acc, providing new tools for stereotactic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lucas-Neto
- Anatomy Department, Lisbon Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal,
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Cortico-amygdala-striatal circuits are organized as hierarchical subsystems through the primate amygdala. J Neurosci 2013; 33:14017-30. [PMID: 23986238 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0170-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal and insula cortex, amygdala, and striatum are key regions for emotional processing, yet the amygdala's role as an interface between the cortex and striatum is not well understood. In the nonhuman primate (Macaque fascicularis), we analyzed a collection of bidirectional tracer injections in the amygdala to understand how cortical inputs and striatal outputs are organized to form integrated cortico-amygdala-striatal circuits. Overall, diverse prefrontal and insular cortical regions projected to the basal and accessory basal nuclei of the amygdala. In turn, these amygdala regions projected to widespread striatal domains extending well beyond the classic ventral striatum. Analysis of the cases in aggregate revealed a topographic colocalization of cortical inputs and striatal outputs in the amygdala that was additionally distinguished by cortical cytoarchitecture. Specifically, the degree of cortical laminar differentiation of the cortical inputs predicted amygdalostriatal targets, and distinguished three main cortico-amygdala-striatal circuits. These three circuits were categorized as "primitive," "intermediate," and "developed," respectively, to emphasize the relative phylogenetic and ontogenetic features of the cortical inputs. Within the amygdala, these circuits appeared arranged in a pyramidal-like fashion, with the primitive circuit found in all examined subregions, and subsequent circuits hierarchically layered in discrete amygdala subregions. This arrangement suggests a stepwise integration of the functions of these circuits across amygdala subregions, providing a potential mechanism through which internal emotional states are managed with external social and sensory information toward emotionally informed complex behaviors.
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