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Xue P, Lin J, Tang J, Chen Y, Yu T, Chen C, Kong H, Lin C, Liu S. Association of obesity and menarche SNPs and interaction with environmental factors on precocious puberty. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03168-6. [PMID: 38649724 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an important cause for the precocious or early puberty. However, the association between obesity-related loci and the risk of precocious puberty as well as the effect of gene-environment interaction are unclear, especially in the Chinese children population. METHODS This was a case-control study using baseline data from two cohorts and hospital cases in China. 15 SNPs loci and several environmental factors were included in the analysis of 1201 participants. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the association between SNPs and precocious puberty. Additionally, exploratory factor analysis was conducted on 13 environmental variables, and then to explore their interaction with genes on precocious puberty. RESULTS The effect allele C of rs571312, and G of rs12970134 MC4R were associated with precocious puberty in girls with obesity. Regarding the gene-environment interaction, we found that when girls were in the high socioeconomic status, the rs571312 (OR: 3.996; 95% CI: 1.694-9.423) and rs12970134 (OR: 3.529; 95% CI: 1.452-8.573) risk genotypes had a greater effect on precocious puberty. CONCLUSIONS The obesity risk gene polymorphisms MC4R rs571312 and rs12970134 were associated with precocious puberty in Chinese girls with obesity, and girls with risk genotypes and high socioeconomic status should be given extra attention. IMPACT This is the first study that identified the association between rs571312 and rs12970134 of MC4R gene and precocious puberty in Chinese children. We found that when girls were in the high socioeconomic status, the risk genotypes of rs571312 and rs12970134 had a greater effect on precocious puberty. The results of this study have great public health implications. It is recommended that girls who are in high socioeconomic status and have a high genetic risk for early sexual maturity should closely monitor their pubertal development and consider early intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xue
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfei Lin
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Tang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Office of Hospital Infection Management, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chang Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijun Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Qufu People's Hospital, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Cuilan Lin
- Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijian Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Terry MB, Colditz GA. Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: 21st Century Advances, Gaps to Address through Interdisciplinary Science. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041317. [PMID: 36781224 PMCID: PMC10513162 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Research methods to study risk factors and prevention of breast cancer have evolved rapidly. We focus on advances from epidemiologic studies reported over the past two decades addressing scientific discoveries, as well as their clinical and public health translation for breast cancer risk reduction. In addition to reviewing methodology advances such as widespread assessment of mammographic density and Mendelian randomization, we summarize the recent evidence with a focus on the timing of exposure and windows of susceptibility. We summarize the implications of the new evidence for application in risk stratification models and clinical translation to focus prevention-maximizing benefits and minimizing harm. We conclude our review identifying research gaps. These include: pathways for the inverse association of vegetable intake and estrogen receptor (ER)-ve tumors, prepubertal and adolescent diet and risk, early life adiposity reducing lifelong risk, and gaps from changes in habits (e.g., vaping, binge drinking), and environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, Chronic Disease Unit Leader, Department of Epidemiology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Associate Director, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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3
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Eaton JL. Maternal thyroid disease and pubertal timing in offspring: novel evidence for a potential association. Fertil Steril 2022; 118:147. [PMID: 35725115 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Eaton
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Lunddorf LLH, Ernst A, Brix N, Arendt LH, Andersen SL, Olsen J, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Maternal thyroid disease in pregnancy and timing of pubertal development in sons and daughters. Fertil Steril 2022; 118:136-146. [PMID: 35568525 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study whether maternal thyroid disease in pregnancy is associated with pubertal timing in sons and daughters. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING National birth cohort and health registers. PATIENT(S) A total of 15,763 mothers and children from the Danish National Birth Cohort and its Puberty Cohort. INTERVENTION(S) Register-based and self-reported information on maternal thyroid diseases during pregnancy (hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, benign goiter, or no thyroid disease [reference group]). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The adjusted mean age difference (months) at attaining several self-reported pubertal milestones collected every 6 months using an interval-censored regression and the average difference in age at attaining all pubertal milestones using the Huber-White robust variance estimation (primary outcome). RESULT(S) Sons of mothers with hyperthyroidism had earlier pubertal development (average difference, -2.9 [95% confidence interval (CI), -5.0 to -0.7] months) than unexposed sons. Maternal hypothyroidism was not associated with pubertal development in sons (average difference, -1.2 [95% CI, -5.1 to 2.7] months). We observed nonstatistically significant indications of earlier pubertal development in sons of mothers with benign goiter (average difference, -1.9 [95% CI, -4.6 to 0.9] months). Maternal thyroid disease was not associated with pubertal development in daughters (average difference (months), hyperthyroidism, -0.8 [95% CI, -2.8 to 1.2]; hypothyroidism, 0.3 [95% CI, -3.1 to 3.8]; and benign goiter, 0.7 [95% CI, -2.0 to 3.4]). CONCLUSION(S) We found indications of earlier pubertal development in sons of mothers with hyperthyroidism. More research is needed to further investigate the observed sex-specific association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea L H Lunddorf
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Ernst
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nis Brix
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Linn H Arendt
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stine L Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cecilia H Ramlau-Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Cabbage and Sauerkraut Consumption in Adolescence and Adulthood and Breast Cancer Risk among US-Resident Polish Migrant Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010795. [PMID: 34682540 PMCID: PMC8535652 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) incidence and mortality are lower in Poland than in the United States (US). However, Polish-born migrant women to US approach the higher BC mortality rates of US women. We evaluated the association between consumption of cabbage/sauerkraut foods and BC risk in Polish-born migrants to US. Methods: We conducted a case–control study of BC among Polish-born migrants in Cook County and the Detroit Metropolitan Area. Cases (n = 131) were 20–79 years old with histological/cytological confirmation of invasive BC. Population-based controls (n = 284) were frequency matched to cases on age and residence. Food frequency questionnaires assessed diet during adulthood and age 12–13 years. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated with conditional logistic regression. Consumption of total, raw/short-cooked, and long-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods was categorized as low, medium, or high (frequency of servings/week). Results: Higher consumption of total and raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods, during both adolescence and adulthood, was associated with a significantly lower BC risk. Consumption of long-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods was low and not significantly associated with risk. The multivariate OR for total cabbage/sauerkraut consumption, high vs. low (>4 vs. ≤2 servings/week) during adolescence was 0.36 (95% CI = 0.18–0.71, ptrend < 0.01) and 0.50 (95% CI = 0.23–1.06, ptrend = 0.08) during adulthood. For raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut (>3 vs. ≤1.5 servings/week), the ORs were 0.35 (95% CI = 0.16–0.72, ptrend < 0.01) during adolescence and 0.37 (95% CI = 0.17–0.78, ptrend < 0.01) during adulthood. For joint adolescent/adult consumption of raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods, (high, high) vs. (low, low), the OR was 0.23 (95% CI = 0.07–0.65). The significant association for high adolescent consumption of raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods and reduced BC risk was consistent across all levels of consumption in adulthood. Conclusion: Greater consumption of total and raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods either during adolescence or adulthood was associated with significantly reduced BC risk among Polish migrant women. These findings contribute to the growing literature suggesting a protective effect of a potentially modifiable factor, cruciferous vegetable intake, on breast cancer risk.
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Yu P, Guo S, Xu R, Ye T, Li S, Sim MR, Abramson MJ, Guo Y. Cohort studies of long-term exposure to outdoor particulate matter and risks of cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Innovation (N Y) 2021; 2:100143. [PMID: 34557780 PMCID: PMC8454739 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust evidence is needed for the hazardous effects of outdoor particulate matter (PM) on mortality and morbidity from all types of cancers. To summarize and meta-analyze the association between PM and cancer, published articles reporting associations between outdoor PM exposure and any type of cancer with individual outcome assessment that provided a risk estimate in cohort studies were identified via systematic searches. Of 3,256 records, 47 studies covering 13 cancer sites (30 for lung cancer, 12 for breast cancer, 11 for other cancers) were included in the quantitative evaluation. The pooled relative risks (RRs) for lung cancer incidence or mortality associated with every 10-μg/m3 PM2.5 or PM10 were 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.23; I2 = 81%) or 1.22 (95% CI, 1.02–1.45; I2 = 96%), respectively. Increased but non-significant risks were found for breast cancer. Other cancers were shown to be associated with PM exposure in some studies but not consistently and thus warrant further investigation. Updated evidence for the association between PM and lung cancer risk has been provided Associations between PM and cancer risks from 13 sites were summarized Further studies should be conducted to fill the research gaps
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Suying Guo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rongbin Xu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Tingting Ye
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Sim
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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7
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Colditz GA, Toriola AT. Refining the Focus on Early Life and Adolescent Pathways to Prevent Breast Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:658-659. [PMID: 33136152 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adetunji T Toriola
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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8
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Thomsen AML, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Olsen J, Brix N, Andersen AMN, Lunddorf LLH, Ernst A. The influence of parental age on timing of puberty: A study in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Scand J Public Health 2021; 50:629-637. [PMID: 34058902 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211019794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Concerns have been raised about the potential negative biological effect of postponed parenthood upon the health of subsequent generations, including reproductive health. This study aimed to estimate if high parental age at birth was associated with accelerated pubertal timing in offspring. Methods: In this large-scale cohort study, 15,819 children born by mothers in the Danish National Birth Cohort from 2000 to 2003 participated in a nationwide puberty cohort (participation rate 71%). Between 2012 and 2018, the children reported half-yearly information on pubertal status using web-based questionnaires from 11 years throughout puberty or 18 years of age. Information on parental age was drawn from nationwide registers. We estimated adjusted mean differences in months for age at attaining the pubertal milestones and pubertal timing overall between the pre-specified parental age groups: 20-29 (reference), 30-34 and advanced parental age groups (35-44 years for mothers and >35 years for fathers). Results: Overall, parental age at birth of the child was not associated with pubertal timing in daughters or sons. For sons of older fathers (>35 years), we observed indications towards slightly earlier pubertal timing in the range of 0.3-2.4 months for nearly all pubertal milestones, but all confidence intervals were wide, and many included the null. Conclusions: We found no strong association between parental age and timing of puberty, and we find it unlikely that the decreasing age in pubertal timing is a result of parental decision to delay childbearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Ladehoff Thomsen
- Public Health and Health Services Research, DEFACTUM, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Nis Brix
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | | | - Andreas Ernst
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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9
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Ernst A, Brix N, Lauridsen LLB, Strandberg-Larsen K, Bech BH, Nohr EA, Nybo Andersen AM, Parner ET, Meder IK, Olsen J, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Cohort Profile: The Puberty Cohort in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). Int J Epidemiol 2021; 49:373-374g. [PMID: 31697338 PMCID: PMC7266555 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ernst
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nis Brix
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lea L B Lauridsen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Bodil H Bech
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Department of Clinical Research, Research Unit for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik T Parner
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Biostatistics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Inger K Meder
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cecilia H Ramlau-Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Farhud DD, Zokaei S, Keykhaei M, Hedayati M, Zarif Yeganeh M. In-Vitro Fertilization Impact on the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Review Article. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 50:438-447. [PMID: 34178791 PMCID: PMC8214614 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i3.5583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Due to the increasing prevalence of infertility, the number of referrals to infertility treatment centers has also increased. Nowadays, assisted reproductive technology (ART), including in vitro fertilization (IVF), is a treatment for infertility or genetic problems. Considering the possible consequences of this method among women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and kids conceived by IVF, extensive research has been conducted in this regard. Methods Overall, 100 articles were entered into the study, and relevant articles were searched and extracted from PubMed, Springer, and Google Scholar databases. In IVF procedure, medications such as Clomiphene citrate and gonadotropins are used to stimulate and mature follicles and thus increase ovulation. Results There are conflicting opinions on this issue. Some findings report a slight increase in cancer risk for hormone-sensitive cancers including breast cancer. The long-term use of IVF medications can increase estrogen hormones and cause excessive expression of genes, resulting in an increased risk of breast cancer, which is one of the most frequent cancers among women. Conclusion There are some risks to be aware of, which followed the hypothesis that long IVF treatment process may lead to breast cancer among IVF candidates. Furthermore, the risk of breast cancer may be increased in those women with a positive family history and related inherited genes. Therefore, women candidates for IVF should be informed of the probable implications of the reproductive therapy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush D Farhud
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Zokaei
- School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Keykhaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Zarif Yeganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Pubertal Growth, IGF-1, and Windows of Susceptibility: Puberty and Future Breast Cancer Risk. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:517-522. [PMID: 32888770 PMCID: PMC7902462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Risk markers for breast cancer include earlier onset of menarche (age at menarche [AAM]) and peak height velocity (PHV). Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is associated with pubertal milestones, as well as cancer risk. This study examined the relationships between pubertal milestones associated with breast cancer risk and hormone changes in puberty. METHODS This is a longitudinal study of pubertal maturation in 183 girls, recruited at ages 6-7, followed up between 2004 and 2018. Measures included age at onset of puberty, and adult height attained; PHV; AAM; adult height, and serum IGF-1, and estrone-to-androstenedione (E:A) ratio. RESULTS PHV was greatest in early, and least in late maturing girls; length of the pubertal growth spurt was longest in early, and shortest in late maturing girls. Earlier AAM was related to greater PHV. IGF-1 concentrations tracked significantly during puberty; higher IGF-1 was related to earlier age of PHV, earlier AAM, greater PHV, and taller adult height. Greater E:A ratio was associated with earlier AAM. CONCLUSIONS Factors driving the association of earlier menarche and pubertal growth with breast cancer risk may be explained through a unifying concept relating higher IGF-1 concentrations, greater lifelong estrogen exposure, and longer pubertal growth period, with an expanded pubertal window of susceptibility.
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12
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Pubertal mammary gland development is a key determinant of adult mammographic density. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 114:143-158. [PMID: 33309487 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mammographic density refers to the radiological appearance of fibroglandular and adipose tissue on a mammogram of the breast. Women with relatively high mammographic density for their age and body mass index are at significantly higher risk for breast cancer. The association between mammographic density and breast cancer risk is well-established, however the molecular and cellular events that lead to the development of high mammographic density are yet to be elucidated. Puberty is a critical time for breast development, where endocrine and paracrine signalling drive development of the mammary gland epithelium, stroma, and adipose tissue. As the relative abundance of these cell types determines the radiological appearance of the adult breast, puberty should be considered as a key developmental stage in the establishment of mammographic density. Epidemiological studies have pointed to the significance of pubertal adipose tissue deposition, as well as timing of menarche and thelarche, on adult mammographic density and breast cancer risk. Activation of hypothalamic-pituitary axes during puberty combined with genetic and epigenetic molecular determinants, together with stromal fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, and immune signalling factors in the mammary gland, act in concert to drive breast development and the relative abundance of different cell types in the adult breast. Here, we discuss the key cellular and molecular mechanisms through which pubertal mammary gland development may affect adult mammographic density and cancer risk.
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Berkey CS, Tamimi RM, Willett WC, Rosner B, Hickey M, Toriola AT, Frazier AL, Colditz GA. Adolescent alcohol, nuts, and fiber: combined effects on benign breast disease risk in young women. NPJ Breast Cancer 2020; 6:61. [PMID: 33298962 PMCID: PMC7683739 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-020-00206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent drinking is associated with higher risks of proliferative benign breast disease (BBD) and invasive breast cancer (BC). Furthermore, adolescent nut and fiber consumptions are associated with lower risks of benign lesions and premenopausal BC. We hypothesize that diet (nuts, fiber) may mitigate the elevated BBD risk associated with alcohol. A prospective cohort of 9031 females, 9-15 years at baseline, completed questionnaires in 1996-2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2013, and 2014. Participants completed food frequency questionnaires in 1996-2001. In 2005, participants (>=18 years) began reporting biopsy-confirmed BBD (N = 173 cases). Multivariable logistic regression estimated associations between BBD and cross-classified intakes (14-17 years) of alcohol and peanut butter/nuts (separately, total dietary fiber). Only 19% of participants drank in high school; drinking was associated with elevated BBD risk (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.20-2.56; p = 0.004) compared to nondrinkers. Participants consuming any nuts/butter had lower BBD risk (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45-0.90; p = 0.01) compared to those consuming none. Participants in top 75% fiber intake had lower risk (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.40-0.81; p = 0.002) compared to bottom quartile. Testing our hypothesis that consuming nuts/butter mitigates the elevated alcohol risk, analyzing alcohol and nuts combined found that those who consumed both had lower risk (RR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24-0.89; p = 0.02) compared to drinkers eating no nuts. Our analysis of alcohol and fiber together did not demonstrate risk mitigation by fiber. For high school females who drink, their BBD risk may be attenuated by consuming nuts. Due to modest numbers, future studies need to replicate our findings in adolescent/adult females. However, high school students may be encouraged to eat nuts and fiber, and to avoid alcohol, to reduce risk of BBD and for general health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Berkey
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha Hickey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Adetunji T Toriola
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - A Lindsay Frazier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Body shape trajectories and risk of breast cancer: results from the SUN ('Seguimiento Universidad De Navarra') Project. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:467-475. [PMID: 33168117 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020004322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess body shape trajectories in childhood and midlife in relation to subsequent risk of breast cancer (BC) in a Mediterranean cohort. DESIGN The 'Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra' (SUN) Project is a dynamic prospective cohort study of university graduates initiated in 1999. With a group-based modelling approach, we assessed body shape trajectories from age 5 to 40 years. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for BC after the age of 40 years according to the body shape trajectory. SETTING City of Pamplona, in the North of Spain. PARTICIPANTS 6498 women with a mean age of 40 years (sd 9). RESULTS We identified four distinct body shape trajectories ('childhood lean-midlife increase' (19·9 %), 'childhood medium-midlife stable' (53 %), 'childhood heavy-midlife stable' (21 %) and 'childhood heavy-midlife increase' (6·1 %)). Among 54 978 women-years of follow-up, we confirmed eighty-two incident cases of BC. Women in the 'childhood lean-midlife increase' group showed a higher risk of BC (HR = 1·84, 95 % CI 1·11, 3·04) compared with women in the 'childhood medium-midlife stable' category. This association was stronger for postmenopausal BC (HR = 2·42, 95 % CI 1·07, 5·48). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a role for lifetime adiposity in breast carcinogenesis.
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Hypothalamic and Cell-Specific Transcriptomes Unravel a Dynamic Neuropil Remodeling in Leptin-Induced and Typical Pubertal Transition in Female Mice. iScience 2020; 23:101563. [PMID: 33083731 PMCID: PMC7522126 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown high correlation between childhood obesity and advance in puberty. Early age at menarche is associated with a series of morbidities, including breast cancer, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. The adipocyte hormone leptin signals the amount of fat stores to the neuroendocrine reproductive axis via direct actions in the brain. Using mouse genetics, we and others have identified the hypothalamic ventral premammillary nucleus (PMv) and the agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) as primary targets of leptin action in pubertal maturation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying leptin's effects remain unknown. Here we assessed changes in the PMv and Arc transcriptional program during leptin-stimulated and typical pubertal development using overlapping analysis of bulk RNA sequecing, TRAP sequencing, and the published database. Our findings demonstrate that dynamic somatodendritic remodeling and extracellular space organization underlie leptin-induced and typical pubertal maturation in female mice. MBH DEGs between lean and Lepob mice are highly represented in development Short-term leptin to Lepob mice alters MBH DEGs associated with reproduction PMv/Arc LepRb DEGs between lean and Lepob mice are abundant in extracellular space DEGs in developing PMv/Arc are conspicuous in extracellular and neuropil remodeling
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Khalis M, Dossus L, Rinaldi S, Biessy C, Moskal A, Charaka H, Fort E, His M, Mellas N, Nejjari C, Charbotel B, Soliman AS, Romieu I, Chajès V, Gunter MJ, Huybrechts I, El Rhazi K. Body size, silhouette trajectory and the risk of breast cancer in a Moroccan case-control study. Breast Cancer 2020; 27:748-758. [PMID: 32144737 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is convincing evidence demonstrating that body size characteristics such as adiposity and height are associated with breast cancer in westernized countries. However, little is known about this relationship in North African countries currently undergoing nutritional transition and industrialization. The aim of this study was to explore associations between various body size characteristics, silhouette trajectories and the risk of breast cancer among Moroccan women. METHODS In this case-control study conducted in the Fez region (2016-2017), detailed measures of body size were collected for 300 cases of breast cancer and 300 matched controls. Unconditional logistic regression was used to assess the association between body size and breast cancer risk adjusting for confounding factors. RESULTS Higher waist circumference and hip circumference were positively associated with breast cancer risk in pre- (highest [T3] vs. lowest tertile [T1]: OR = 2.92, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.33-6.42; OR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.42-6.33, respectively) and post-menopausal women (T3 vs. T1: OR = 4.46, 95% CI: 1.86-10.66; OR = 4.08, 95% CI: 1.76-9.42, respectively). Body shape at younger ages (6-11 years) was inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women (large vs. lean silhouette: OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12-0.80). Women with the greatest increase in body shape trajectory had higher risk for both pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer (T3 vs. T1: OR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.03-7.26; OR = 3.56, 95% CI: 1.34-9.44, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that adiposity, body shape at younger ages, and silhouette trajectory may play a role in the development of pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer among Moroccan women. Larger-scale prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings and to explore these associations with breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Khalis
- School of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Anfa City : Bld Mohammed Taïeb Naciri, Hay Hassani, 82 403, Casablanca, Morocco.
- UCBL, Ifsttar, UMRESTTE, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Laure Dossus
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research On Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research On Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Carine Biessy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research On Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Moskal
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research On Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Hafida Charaka
- Department of Research and Development, Hassan II University Hospital of Fez, Fez, Morocco
| | - Emmanuel Fort
- UCBL, Ifsttar, UMRESTTE, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mathilde His
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research On Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Nawfel Mellas
- Department of Oncology, Hassan II University Hospital of Fez, Fez, Morocco
| | - Chakib Nejjari
- School of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Anfa City : Bld Mohammed Taïeb Naciri, Hay Hassani, 82 403, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Amr S Soliman
- Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research On Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Chajès
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research On Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research On Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research On Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Karima El Rhazi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Fez, Morocco
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17
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Brix N, Ernst A, Lauridsen LLB, Arah OA, Nohr EA, Olsen J, Henriksen TB, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and timing of puberty in sons and daughters: a population-based cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:1684-1694. [PMID: 31237934 PMCID: PMC6857762 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In many countries, an increased prevalence of obesity in pregnancy has coincided with a declining pubertal age. We aimed to explore the potential effect of maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity on timing of puberty in sons and daughters. Methods Between 2012 and 2018, 15 819 of 22 439 invited children from the Danish National Birth Cohort, born 2000–03, provided half-yearly information from the age of 11 years on the pubertal milestones: Tanner stages, voice break, first ejaculation, menarche, acne and axillary hair. We estimated adjusted mean monthly differences (with 95% confidence intervals) in age at attaining the pubertal milestones for children exposed to maternal pre-pregnancy obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥30.0 kg/m2] or overweight (BMI 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2) with normal weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2) as reference. In mediation analysis, we explored whether childhood BMI at age 7 years mediated the associations. Results Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with earlier age at attaining most pubertal milestones in sons, and pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity were associated with earlier age at attaining all pubertal milestones in daughters. When combining all pubertal milestones, pre-pregnancy obesity [sons: −1.5 (−2.5, −0.4) months; daughters: −3.2 (−4.2, −2.1) months] and overweight [daughters only: −2.6 (−3.3, −1.8) months] were associated with earlier timing of puberty. The associations in sons were completely mediated by higher childhood BMI and partly so in daughters. Conclusions Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity appears to lower timing of puberty through childhood obesity in sons and mainly through other mechanisms in daughters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nis Brix
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Ernst
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Onyebuchi A Arah
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Statistics, UCLA College of Letters and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Department of Clinical Research, Research Unit for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tine Brink Henriksen
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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18
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Richardson TG, Sanderson E, Elsworth B, Tilling K, Davey Smith G. Use of genetic variation to separate the effects of early and later life adiposity on disease risk: mendelian randomisation study. BMJ 2020; 369:m1203. [PMID: 32376654 PMCID: PMC7201936 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether body size in early life has an independent effect on risk of disease in later life or whether its influence is mediated by body size in adulthood. DESIGN Two sample univariable and multivariable mendelian randomisation. SETTING The UK Biobank prospective cohort study and four large scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) consortiums. PARTICIPANTS 453 169 participants enrolled in UK Biobank and a combined total of more than 700 000 people from different GWAS consortiums. EXPOSURES Measured body mass index during adulthood (mean age 56.5) and self-reported perceived body size at age 10. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. RESULTS Having a larger genetically predicted body size in early life was associated with an increased odds of coronary artery disease (odds ratio 1.49 for each change in body size category unless stated otherwise, 95% confidence interval 1.33 to 1.68) and type 2 diabetes (2.32, 1.76 to 3.05) based on univariable mendelian randomisation analyses. However, little evidence was found of a direct effect (ie, not through adult body size) based on multivariable mendelian randomisation estimates (coronary artery disease: 1.02, 0.86 to 1.22; type 2 diabetes:1.16, 0.74 to 1.82). In the multivariable mendelian randomisation analysis of breast cancer risk, strong evidence was found of a protective direct effect for larger body size in early life (0.59, 0.50 to 0.71), with less evidence of a direct effect of adult body size on this outcome (1.08, 0.93 to 1.27). Including age at menarche as an additional exposure provided weak evidence of a total causal effect (univariable mendelian randomisation odds ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.91 to 1.06) but strong evidence of a direct causal effect, independent of early life and adult body size (multivariable mendelian randomisation odds ratio 0.90, 0.85 to 0.95). No strong evidence was found of a causal effect of either early or later life measures on prostate cancer (early life body size odds ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 0.81 to 1.40; adult body size 0.87, 0.70 to 1.08). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the positive association between body size in childhood and risk of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes in adulthood can be attributed to individuals remaining large into later life. However, having a smaller body size during childhood might increase the risk of breast cancer regardless of body size in adulthood, with timing of puberty also putatively playing a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom G Richardson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Benjamin Elsworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Kate Tilling
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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Lega IC, Lipscombe LL. Review: Diabetes, Obesity, and Cancer-Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5625127. [PMID: 31722374 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes have both been associated with an increased risk of cancer. In the face of increasing obesity and diabetes rates worldwide, this is a worrying trend for cancer rates. Factors such as hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, antihyperglycemic medications, and shared risk factors have all been identified as potential mechanisms underlying the relationship. The most common obesity- and diabetes-related cancers are endometrial, colorectal, and postmenopausal breast cancers. In this review, we summarize the existing evidence that describes the complex relationship between obesity, diabetes, and cancer, focusing on epidemiological and pathophysiological evidence, and also reviewing the role of antihyperglycemic agents, novel research approaches such as Mendelian Randomization, and the methodological limitations of existing research. In addition, we also describe the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and cancer with a review of the evidence summarizing the risk of diabetes following cancer treatment. We conclude this review by providing clinical implications that are relevant for caring for patients with obesity, diabetes, and cancer and provide recommendations for improving both clinical care and research for patients with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana C Lega
- Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,IC/ES, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lorraine L Lipscombe
- Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,IC/ES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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The Relationship Between Quality of Life and Pubertal Timing in Adolescence: The Toyama Birth Cohort Study, Japan. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65:790-798. [PMID: 31522905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although pubertal timing is gradually becoming earlier in Japan, support as for physical and mental health among children experiencing earlier puberty than their peers is inadequate. To better understand health and life satisfaction in seventh grade students (age 12-13 years), examination of relationships between health outcomes and pubertal timing, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle factors is necessary. METHODS Participants of the Toyama Birth Cohort Study (4,752 males and 4,740 females) answered questions regarding school year of onset of voice break for boys and menarche for girls, sleep quality, mental health difficulties, overall health, quality of life (QOL), and lifestyle. Relationship between health outcomes and pubertal timing was examined using binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Earlier pubertal timing was associated with four health-related outcomes. For poor sleep quality, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of fourth grade males and crude OR of fifth grade females were statistically significant. Regarding mental health difficulties, the crude OR of fifth grade males and adjusted OR of fourth, fifth, and sixth grade females were statistically significant. Associations between poor overall health and fourth grade males and fourth or fifth grade females were observed. For poor QOL, the adjusted OR of fourth grade males and females was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Relationships between earlier pubertal timing and poor sleep quality, mental health difficulties, poor physical health, and poor QOL were observed. To improve children's quality of life, support from teachers and school doctors and nurses is needed-especially for children with earlier pubertal timing.
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21
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Azimi A, Hanaei S, Sahraian MA, Mohammadifar M, Ramagopalan SV, Ghajarzadeh M. Age at menarche and risk of multiple sclerosis (MS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:286. [PMID: 31727014 PMCID: PMC6854684 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have looked at the age at menarche and risk of Multiple Sclerosis (MS).We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate a pooled odds ratio of developing MS by increasing age at menarche. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Ovid, google scholar and gray literature (references of references, congress abstracts) up to 10th April 2019. RESULTS The literature search found 312 articles. After eliminating duplicates, reviews, case reports and trials, 18 articles remained. Three articles were ultimately included in the final analysis. Two studies were from Iran, and one from Canada. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for increasing 1 year of age at menarche was 0.88 (95% CI:0.82-0.94), with no significant heterogeneity (I2 = 49%, p = 0.1). Mean age at menarche was significantly different between case and control groups (mean difference = - 0.22, 95% CI = -0.42,-0.02). CONCLUSION The result of this systematic review showed that the risk of MS decreases by increasing age at menarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Azimi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Hanaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN),Tehran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadifar
- Department of Radiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Ghajarzadeh
- Universal Council of Epidemiology (UCE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Goldberg M, Cohn BA, Houghton LC, Flom JD, Wei Y, Cirillo P, Michels KB, Terry MB. Early-Life Growth and Benign Breast Disease. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:1646-1654. [PMID: 31107507 PMCID: PMC6736448 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using prospective data from the Early Determinants of Mammographic Density study (United States, 1959-2008, n = 1121), we examined the associations between maternal body size, birth size, and infant and early childhood growth during 3 time periods (0-4 months, 4-12 months, and 1-4 years) and benign breast disease (BBD) using multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. A total of 197 women (17.6%) reported receiving a diagnosis of BBD by a physician. Higher body mass index at age 7 years was inversely associated with BBD risk. Rapid weight gain from age 1 year to 4 years, defined as an increase of least 2 major percentiles (e.g., 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th) relative to stable growth, defined as remaining within 2 percentiles, was also inversely associated with BBD (odds ratio (OR) = 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.23, 1.15). In contrast, rapid weight gain in infancy was positively associated with BBD relative to stable growth (from 0 to 4 months, OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.62; from 4 to 12 months, 1.85, 95% CI: 0.89, 3.85), independent of birth weight, which was not associated with BBD. Our results suggest that patterns of early-life weight gain are important to BBD risk. Thus, susceptibility to BBD, like susceptibility to breast cancer, might start in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Barbara A Cohn
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, California
| | - Lauren C Houghton
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Julie D Flom
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Piera Cirillo
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, California
| | - Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Imprints Center for Genetic and Environmental Lifecourse Studies, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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World Cancer Research Fund International: Continuous Update Project-systematic literature review and meta-analysis of observational cohort studies on physical activity, sedentary behavior, adiposity, and weight change and breast cancer risk. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:1183-1200. [PMID: 31471762 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to systematically review the complex associations between energy balance-related factors and breast cancer risk, for which previous evidence has suggested different associations in the life course of women and by hormone receptor (HR) status of the tumor. METHODS Relevant publications on adulthood physical activity, sedentary behavior, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and weight change and pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer risk were identified in PubMed up to 30 April 2017. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to summarize the relative risks across studies. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-six observational cohort studies comprising over 22,900 premenopausal and 103,000 postmenopausal breast cancer cases were meta-analyzed. Higher physical activity was inversely associated with both pre- and postmenopausal breast cancers, whereas increased sitting time was positively associated with postmenopausal breast cancer. Although higher early adult BMI (ages 18-30 years) was inversely associated with pre- and postmenopausal breast cancers, adult weight gain and greater body adiposity increased breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women, and the increased risk was evident for HR+ but not HR- breast cancers, and among never but not current users of postmenopausal hormones. The evidence was less consistent in premenopausal women. There were no associations with adult weight gain, inverse associations with adult BMI (study baseline) and hip circumference, and non-significant associations with waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio that were reverted to positive associations on average in studies accounting for BMI. No significant associations were observed for HR-defined premenopausal breast cancers. CONCLUSION Better understanding on the impact of these factors on pre- and postmenopausal breast cancers and their subtypes along the life course is needed.
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Ernst A, Lauridsen LLB, Brix N, Arah OA, Olsen J, Parner ET, Nybo Andersen AM, Olsen LH, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Pubertal development after unintended intrauterine exposure to oral contraceptives: a nationwide cohort study. Fertil Steril 2019; 112:552-561.e2. [PMID: 31311623 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the associations between exposure to oral contraceptives before conception and early in pregnancy and pubertal timing in boys and girls. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Overall, 15,800 children (70%) born during 2000-2003 into the Danish National Birth Cohort were categorized according to maternal use of combined oral contraceptive pills or progestin-only pills reported around gestational week 17: no exposure (reference), exposure 4 months before conception, and exposure in early pregnancy. Children self-assessed pubertal status using Web-based questionnaires from 11 years and biannually throughout puberty. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Adjusted mean age differences (months) for attaining individual pubertal milestones and overall pubertal timing. Proportion mediated by prepubertal body mass index. RESULT(S) In boys, intrauterine exposure to oral contraceptives showed a tendency toward slightly earlier mean age for voice break (months, -3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] -6.5, -1.0) and first ejaculation (months, -2.9; 95% CI -5.9, 0.1) and a mean difference of -1.4 months (95% CI -3.3, 0.4) for overall pubertal timing. Girls with intrauterine exposure tended to have slightly earlier age at menarche (months, -1.9; 95% CI -4.0, 0.3) and Tanner breast stages and had a mean difference of -0.9 months (95% CI -2.7, 1.0) for overall pubertal timing. Exposure before conception was not associated with pubertal timing. Prepubertal body mass index did not play a mediating role. CONCLUSION(S) This study shows some evidence that intrauterine exposure to oral contraceptives might slightly affect pubertal timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ernst
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California.
| | - Lea L B Lauridsen
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nis Brix
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | - Onyebuchi A Arah
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California; Department of Statistics, UCLA College of Letters and Science, Los Angeles, California; Center for Health Policy Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erik T Parner
- Section for Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars H Olsen
- Section for Paediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Berkey CS, Tamimi RM, Willett WC, Rosner B, Hickey M, Toriola AT, Lindsay Frazier A, Colditz GA. Dietary intake from birth through adolescence in relation to risk of benign breast disease in young women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 177:513-525. [PMID: 31222710 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nutritional factors during different periods in life impact breast cancer risk. Because benign breast disease (BBD) is a well-established risk factor for breast cancer, we investigated childhood nutrition from birth through age 14 year and subsequent BBD. METHODS A prospective cohort study of 9031 females, 9-15 year at baseline, completed questionnaires (including heights, weights) annually from 1996 to 2001, in 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2014. In 1996, mothers reported infant feeding practices during their daughters first year of life. Beginning in 1996, participants completed annual food frequency questionnaires. In 2005, participants (18 year +) began reporting whether they had ever been diagnosed with biopsy-confirmed BBD (N = 173 cases). Multivariable logistic regression models estimated associations between childhood nutrition and BBD, adjusted for maternal breast disease and childhood body size factors. RESULTS Although no infant nutrition factors were associated with biopsy-confirmed BBD, certain adolescent dietary factors were. A multivariable model simultaneously included the most important diet and body size factors from different age periods: higher BBD risk was associated with greater age 10 year consumption of animal (non-dairy, energy-adjusted) fat (OR 2.27, p < .02, top vs. bottom quartiles) and with lower 14 year consumption of nuts/peanut butter (OR 0.60, p = .033, top vs. bottom quartiles). CONCLUSION Greater intake of animal (non-dairy) fat at 10 year and lower intake of nuts/peanut butter at 14 year were independently associated with higher BBD risk. These dietary factors appeared to operate on BBD risk independent of childhood growth (gestational weight gain, childhood BMI and height, adolescent height growth velocity), young adult height and BMI, and family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Berkey
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Martha Hickey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne and the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adetunji T Toriola
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - A Lindsay Frazier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Washington University School of Medicine, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Murphy JD, Sandler D, White AJ, O'Brien KM. Severe acne and risk of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 177:487-495. [PMID: 31165375 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hormonal imbalance early in life is thought to be associated with breast cancer risk. Severe acne may arise from hormonal imbalance and could serve as an indicator of increased breast cancer risk. We explored whether severe acne was associated with incident breast cancer. METHODS We used data from the Sister Study, a large (n = 50,884) prospective cohort of women who had a sister diagnosed with breast cancer, but who were free of breast cancer themselves at baseline. Participants completed a structured questionnaire that included demographics, lifestyle factors, and medical history, including any diagnosis of severe acne. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association of severe acne and breast cancer (invasive disease or ductal carcinoma in situ). RESULTS During an average of 8.4 years of follow-up, 3049 breast cancer cases were diagnosed. Ever being diagnosed with severe acne was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer (HR 1.23; 95% CI 0.98, 1.54), particularly in women who were diagnosed prior to age 18 years (HR 1.40; 95% CI 1.04, 1.90). Results were similar when limited to invasive cancers. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports a non-significant positive association between severe acne-a potential marker of hormonal imbalance-and breast cancer risk. These findings suggest that severe acne, when considered along with other risk factors, could help to identify women who may be at a higher risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Murphy
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA.
| | - Dale Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, USA
| | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, USA
| | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, USA
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Yaghjyan L, Colditz G, Rosner B, Rich S, Egan K, Tamimi RM. Adolescent caffeine consumption and mammographic breast density in premenopausal women. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1633-1639. [PMID: 31152213 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies suggest that coffee and caffeine intake may be associated with reduced breast cancer risk. To date, there is limited and inconsistent epidemiologic evidence for associations of adolescent diet with mammographic breast density, a strong and consistent predictor of breast cancer. We investigated the association of adolescent caffeine intake with mammographic density in premenopausal women. METHODS This study included 751 cancer-free women within the Nurses' Health Study II cohort. Percent breast density (PD), absolute dense (DA) and non-dense areas (NDA) were measured from digitized film mammograms using a computer-assisted thresholding technique; all measures were square root-transformed. Energy-adjusted adolescent caffeine intake was estimated using the data from a food frequency questionnaire. Information regarding breast cancer risk factors was obtained from questionnaires closest to the mammogram date. We used generalized linear regression to quantify associations of caffeine intake with breast density measures. RESULTS In multivariable analyses, adolescent caffeine intake was not associated with any of the density phenotypes (caffeine 4th vs. 1st quartile: β = - 1.27, 95% CI - 4.62; 2.09, p-trend = 0.55 for percent density; β = - 0.21, 95% CI - 0.76, 0.34, p-trend = 0.65 for absolute dense area, and β = 0.23, 95% CI - 0.28, 0.74, p-trend = 0.50 for non-dense area). Additional adjustment of the models for body mass index at age 18 resulted in attenuation of the risk estimates. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support the hypothesis that adolescent caffeine intake is associated with premenopausal mammographic breast density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Yaghjyan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Graham Colditz
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Institute for Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shannan Rich
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kathleen Egan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Hill JW, Elias CF. Neuroanatomical Framework of the Metabolic Control of Reproduction. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:2349-2380. [PMID: 30109817 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A minimum amount of energy is required for basic physiological processes, such as protein biosynthesis, thermoregulation, locomotion, cardiovascular function, and digestion. However, for reproductive function and survival of the species, extra energy stores are necessary. Production of sex hormones and gametes, pubertal development, pregnancy, lactation, and parental care all require energy reserves. Thus the physiological systems that control energy homeostasis and reproductive function coevolved in mammals to support both individual health and species subsistence. In this review, we aim to gather scientific knowledge produced by laboratories around the world on the role of the brain in integrating metabolism and reproduction. We describe essential neuronal networks, highlighting key nodes and potential downstream targets. Novel animal models and genetic tools have produced substantial advances, but critical gaps remain. In times of soaring worldwide obesity and metabolic dysfunction, understanding the mechanisms by which metabolic stress alters reproductive physiology has become crucial for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Hill
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toledo College of Medicine , Toledo, Ohio ; and Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carol F Elias
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toledo College of Medicine , Toledo, Ohio ; and Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Brix N, Ernst A, Lauridsen LLB, Parner ET, Olsen J, Henriksen TB, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Timing of Puberty in Sons and Daughters: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:47-56. [PMID: 30239589 PMCID: PMC6321801 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Because early puberty has been linked to diseases later in life, identification of modifiable causes of early puberty is of interest. We explored the possible associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and pubertal development in sons and daughters. Between 2012 and 2017, 15,819 children from the Danish National Birth Cohort, born during 2000-2003, provided half-yearly information on puberty from the age of 11 years. We estimated adjusted age differences (in months) at attaining various pubertal milestones, including Tanner stages, per 10 daily cigarettes smoked in the first trimester of gestation. In sons, exposure to smoking in utero was associated with earlier genital development (Tanner 2, -1.3 months, 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.5, 0.0; Tanner 5, -3.7 months, 95% CI: -5.3, -2.0), pubic hair development (Tanner 2, -1.8 months, 95% CI: -2.9, -0.6; Tanner 5, -2.9 months, 95% CI: -4.2, -1.7), and voice break (-2.4 months, 95% CI: -3.6, -1.3). In daughters, maternal smoking was associated with earlier breast development (Tanner 2, -3.4 months, 95% CI: -5.3, -1.5; Tanner 5, -4.7 months, 95% CI: -6.5, -2.9), pubic hair development stages 3-5 (Tanner 5, -2.5 months, 95% CI: -4.1, -1.0), and menarche (-3.1 months, 95% CI: -4.0, -2.3). Fetal exposure to tobacco smoke might advance timing of puberty in boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nis Brix
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Ernst
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lea L B Lauridsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erik T Parner
- Department of Public Health, Section for Biostatistics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tine B Henriksen
- Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Brix N, Ernst A, Lauridsen LLB, Parner E, Støvring H, Olsen J, Henriksen TB, Ramlau‐Hansen CH. Timing of puberty in boys and girls: A population-based study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2019; 33:70-78. [PMID: 30307620 PMCID: PMC6378593 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A secular trend towards earlier puberty has been observed in girls, while a similar trend has been more uncertain in boys. We estimated current ages at pubertal development in both boys and girls. METHODS In this population-based cohort study, 14 759 of 22 439 invited boys and girls born from 2000 to 2003 in the Danish National Birth Cohort gave half-yearly self-reported information on puberty from the age of 11.5 years and throughout puberty. This late start of follow-up limits the estimation of age at onset of puberty but not later pubertal milestones. We estimated mean age at attaining the following pubertal milestones in years with 95% confidence intervals (CI): age at menarche, voice break, first ejaculation of semen and Tanner stages for pubic hair development and breast development or genital development. Further, the difference in mean age at menarche between mothers and daughters was estimated. RESULTS In boys, voice break occurred at 13.1 (95% CI 13.0, 13.1) years, first ejaculation of semen occurred at 13.4 (95% CI 13.3, 13.4) years, and Tanner Genital Stage 5 occurred at 15.6 (95% CI 15.5, 15.6) years. In girls, age at menarche occurred at 13.0 (95% CI 13.0, 13.1) years and Tanner Breast Stage 5 occurred at 15.8 (95% CI 15.7, 15.9) years. Daughters had menarche 3.6 (95% CI 3.1, 4.2) months earlier than their mothers had. CONCLUSION These data indicate that age at menarche has declined and to some extent support a decline in age at attaining other markers of pubertal development among boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nis Brix
- Department of Public Health, Section for EpidemiologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark,Department of EpidemiologyFielding School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andreas Ernst
- Department of Public Health, Section for EpidemiologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark,Department of EpidemiologyFielding School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Erik Parner
- Department of Public Health, Section for BiostatisticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Henrik Støvring
- Department of Public Health, Section for BiostatisticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of EpidemiologyFielding School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA,Department of Clinical EpidemiologyAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - Tine Brink Henriksen
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research UnitDepartment of PaediatricsAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
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Ernst A, Brix N, Lauridsen LLB, Olsen J, Parner ET, Liew Z, Olsen LH, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Exposure During Pregnancy and Pubertal Development in Boys and Girls From a Nationwide Puberty Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:34-46. [PMID: 30202914 PMCID: PMC6321810 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the association between exposure to acetaminophen during pregnancy and pubertal development using data from 15,822 boys and girls in the longitudinal Puberty Cohort, nested within the Danish National Birth Cohort. Use of acetaminophen was reported 3 times during pregnancy and 6 months postpartum. In total, 54% of mothers indicated use at least once during pregnancy. Between 2012 and 2017, sons and daughters provided information on a wide range of pubertal milestones-including Tanner stages, axillary hair growth, and age at menarche or voice break and first ejaculation-every 6 months from 11 years of age until full sexual maturation. Data were analyzed using a regression model for interval-censored data, providing adjusted mean monthly differences in age at attaining the pubertal milestones according to intrauterine cumulative (weeks) and trimester-specific acetaminophen exposure. Our results suggested a tendency towards slightly earlier attainment of almost all studied markers of female pubertal development with increasing number of weeks of exposure (i.e., about 1.5-3 months earlier age at pubic hair, axillary hair, and acne development comparing unexposed with those prenatally exposed for more than 12 weeks). Male pubertal development had no strong association with acetaminophen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ernst
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nis Brix
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lea L B Lauridsen
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erik T Parner
- Section for Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zeyan Liew
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lars H Olsen
- Section for Paediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Barber LE, Bertrand KA, Rosenberg L, Battaglia TA, Palmer JR. Pre- and perinatal factors and incidence of breast cancer in the Black Women's Health Study. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:87-95. [PMID: 30498869 PMCID: PMC6521832 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-018-1103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between pre- or perinatal factors and breast cancer risk among African American women. METHODS Participants in the Black Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort of 59,000 African American women, reported birth weight, preterm birth, twin or triplet status, maternal age at birth, birth order, and having been breastfed during infancy at various times during follow-up from 1997 to 2015. Numbers of incident cases ranged from 312 for breastfed analyses to 1,583 for twin or triplet analyses. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between each factor and breast cancer risk overall and by estrogen receptor (ER) status. RESULTS Compared to birth weights of 5 lbs. 8 oz.-8 lbs. 13 oz., low (< 5 lbs. 8 oz.) and high (> 8 lbs. 13 oz.) birth weights were associated with increased breast cancer risk; HRs (95% CI) were 1.19 (0.98-1.44) and 1.26 (0.97-1.63), respectively. Associations were similar by ER status. Having been born to a mother aged ≥ 35 years versus < 20 years was associated with risk of ER+ (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.10-2.29), but not ER- breast cancer. Other perinatal factors were not associated with breast cancer. CONCLUSION African American women with a low or high birth weight or born to older mothers may have increased breast cancer risk. Trends towards delayed child birth and higher birth weights, coupled with disproportionately high rates of low birth weight among African Americans, may contribute to increases in breast cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Barber
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly A Bertrand
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, 72 East Concord Street, L-7, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, 72 East Concord Street, L-7, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Tracy A Battaglia
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, 72 East Concord Street, L-7, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Wiley AS. The Evolution of Lactase Persistence: Milk Consumption, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, and Human Life-History Parameters. QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1086/700768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hopper JL, Dite GS, MacInnis RJ, Liao Y, Zeinomar N, Knight JA, Southey MC, Milne RL, Chung WK, Giles GG, Genkinger JM, McLachlan SA, Friedlander ML, Antoniou AC, Weideman PC, Glendon G, Nesci S, Andrulis IL, Buys SS, Daly MB, John EM, Phillips KA, Terry MB. Age-specific breast cancer risk by body mass index and familial risk: prospective family study cohort (ProF-SC). Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:132. [PMID: 30390716 PMCID: PMC6215632 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between body mass index (BMI) and risk of breast cancer depends on time of life, but it is unknown whether this association depends on a woman's familial risk. METHODS We conducted a prospective study of a cohort enriched for familial risk consisting of 16,035 women from 6701 families in the Breast Cancer Family Registry and the Kathleen Cunningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer followed for up to 20 years (mean 10.5 years). There were 896 incident breast cancers (mean age at diagnosis 55.7 years). We used Cox regression to model BMI risk associations as a function of menopausal status, age, and underlying familial risk based on pedigree data using the Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm (BOADICEA), all measured at baseline. RESULTS The strength and direction of the BMI risk association depended on baseline menopausal status (P < 0.001); after adjusting for menopausal status, the association did not depend on age at baseline (P = 0.6). In terms of absolute risk, the negative association with BMI for premenopausal women has a much smaller influence than the positive association with BMI for postmenopausal women. Women at higher familial risk have a much larger difference in absolute risk depending on their BMI than women at lower familial risk. CONCLUSIONS The greater a woman's familial risk, the greater the influence of BMI on her absolute postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Given that age-adjusted BMI is correlated across adulthood, maintaining a healthy weight throughout adult life is particularly important for women with a family history of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Gillian S. Dite
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Robert J. MacInnis
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Yuyan Liao
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, 7th Floor, New York, NY USA
| | - Nur Zeinomar
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, 7th Floor, New York, NY USA
| | - Julia A. Knight
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Department of Pathology, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, CA VIC 3168 USA
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Jeanine M. Genkinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, 7th Floor, New York, NY USA
| | - Sue-Anne McLachlan
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC Australia
| | - Michael L. Friedlander
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW Australia
| | - Antonis C. Antoniou
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Prue C. Weideman
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Stephanie Nesci
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - kConFab Investigators
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- The Research Department, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON Canada
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Saundra S. Buys
- Department of Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Mary B. Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Esther M. John
- Department of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Kelly Anne Phillips
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, 7th Floor, New York, NY USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
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Schoemaker MJ, Nichols HB, Wright LB, Brook MN, Jones ME, O'Brien KM, Adami HO, Baglietto L, Bernstein L, Bertrand KA, Boutron-Ruault MC, Braaten T, Chen Y, Connor AE, Dorronsoro M, Dossus L, Eliassen AH, Giles GG, Hankinson SE, Kaaks R, Key TJ, Kirsh VA, Kitahara CM, Koh WP, Larsson SC, Linet MS, Ma H, Masala G, Merritt MA, Milne RL, Overvad K, Ozasa K, Palmer JR, Peeters PH, Riboli E, Rohan TE, Sadakane A, Sund M, Tamimi RM, Trichopoulou A, Ursin G, Vatten L, Visvanathan K, Weiderpass E, Willett WC, Wolk A, Yuan JM, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Sandler DP, Swerdlow AJ. Association of Body Mass Index and Age With Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk in Premenopausal Women. JAMA Oncol 2018; 4:e181771. [PMID: 29931120 PMCID: PMC6248078 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Importance The association between increasing body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) and risk of breast cancer is unique in cancer epidemiology in that a crossover effect exists, with risk reduction before and risk increase after menopause. The inverse association with premenopausal breast cancer risk is poorly characterized but might be important in the understanding of breast cancer causation. Objective To investigate the association of BMI with premenopausal breast cancer risk, in particular by age at BMI, attained age, risk factors for breast cancer, and tumor characteristics. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter analysis used pooled individual-level data from 758 592 premenopausal women from 19 prospective cohorts to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of premenopausal breast cancer in association with BMI from ages 18 through 54 years using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Median follow-up was 9.3 years (interquartile range, 4.9-13.5 years) per participant, with 13 082 incident cases of breast cancer. Participants were recruited from January 1, 1963, through December 31, 2013, and data were analyzed from September 1, 2013, through December 31, 2017. Exposures Body mass index at ages 18 to 24, 25 to 34, 35 to 44, and 45 to 54 years. Main Outcomes and Measures Invasive or in situ premenopausal breast cancer. Results Among the 758 592 premenopausal women (median age, 40.6 years; interquartile range, 35.2-45.5 years) included in the analysis, inverse linear associations of BMI with breast cancer risk were found that were stronger for BMI at ages 18 to 24 years (HR per 5 kg/m2 [5.0-U] difference, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.73-0.80) than for BMI at ages 45 to 54 years (HR per 5.0-U difference, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.86-0.91). The inverse associations were observed even among nonoverweight women. There was a 4.2-fold risk gradient between the highest and lowest BMI categories (BMI≥35.0 vs <17.0) at ages 18 to 24 years (HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.14-0.40). Hazard ratios did not appreciably vary by attained age or between strata of other breast cancer risk factors. Associations were stronger for estrogen receptor-positive and/or progesterone receptor-positive than for hormone receptor-negative breast cancer for BMI at every age group (eg, for BMI at age 18 to 24 years: HR per 5.0-U difference for estrogen receptor-positive and progesterone receptor-positive tumors, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.70-0.81] vs hormone receptor-negative tumors, 0.85 [95% CI: 0.76-0.95]); BMI at ages 25 to 54 years was not consistently associated with triple-negative or hormone receptor-negative breast cancer overall. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this study suggest that increased adiposity is associated with a reduced risk of premenopausal breast cancer at a greater magnitude than previously shown and across the entire distribution of BMI. The strongest associations of risk were observed for BMI in early adulthood. Understanding the biological mechanisms underlying these associations could have important preventive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel B Nichols
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill
| | - Lauren B Wright
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark N Brook
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie M O'Brien
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | | | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U1018, Institut Gustave Roussy, Centre d'Etude des Supports de Publicité, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, and Université Versailles Saint-Quentin, Paris, France
| | - Tonje Braaten
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Avonne E Connor
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Laure Dossus
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timothy J Key
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Victoria A Kirsh
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cari M Kitahara
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS (National University of Singapore) Medical School, Singapore
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Nutrional Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martha S Linet
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Huiyan Ma
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Petra H Peeters
- University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, England
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Giske Ursin
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Lars Vatten
- Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Walter C Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Nutrional Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England
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Biro FM, Pajak A, Wolff MS, Pinney SM, Windham GC, Galvez MP, Greenspan LC, Kushi LH, Teitelbaum SL. Age of Menarche in a Longitudinal US Cohort. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2018; 31:339-345. [PMID: 29758276 PMCID: PMC6121217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Menarche is a critical milestone in a woman's life, and historically has been determined using several approaches. The goals of this study were to: (1) determine age at menarche from multiple reports of parents and adolescent participants in a prospective study; (2) examine factors affecting age at menarche; and (3) determine correlates of menarche and pubertal tempo. DESIGN Longitudinal observational study. SETTING Three sites of the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program. PARTICIPANTS Girls enrolled at 6-8 years of age. INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Parental and participant reported age of menarche, and tempo of puberty. RESULTS There were 946 girls who were assigned an age of menarche. The correlation between parent and participant reports was high (Spearman R = 0.799, P < .001), and the difference was insignificant. Median age at menarche overall was 12.25 years. Compared with black participants, Hispanic girls were more likely to have menarche earlier, whereas white and Asian girls were more likely to have menarche later. Age of menarche was highly correlated with age of breast development (Spearman R = 0.547; P < .001), and inversely with body mass index (Spearman R = -0.403; P < .001). Tempo (interval of age of breast development to menarche) was slower in those with earlier breast development. CONCLUSION Parental and adolescent reports of menarche are highly correlated. Earlier breast maturation was associated with slower tempo through puberty. Body mass index had a greater effect on age at menarche than did race and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Biro
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Ashley Pajak
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mary S Wolff
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Susan M Pinney
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gayle C Windham
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Disease Control, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
| | - Maida P Galvez
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Larry H Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California
| | - Susan L Teitelbaum
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Ernst A, Lauridsen LLB, Brix N, Kjersgaard C, Olsen J, Parner ET, Clausen N, Olsen LH, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Self-assessment of pubertal development in a puberty cohort. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:763-772. [PMID: 29953412 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background We evaluated the inter-rater agreement between self-assessed Tanner staging and clinical examination and the intra-individual agreement of self-assessed information on various puberty markers in late adolescents from the longitudinal nationwide Puberty Cohort, a sub-cohort of the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). Methods We invited 715 children from the ongoing Puberty Cohort between June 2016 and January 2017. In total, 366 children (51%) returned an add-on questionnaire identical to the questionnaire used to collect information on puberty markers, including Tanner staging, in the Puberty Cohort. Of these, 197 (54%) also participated in a clinical examination with Tanner staging. We used percentage agreement and weighted kappa statistics to evaluate the inter-rater and intra-individual agreement. Results Due to late entry, more than 75% of children were Tanner stage 4 or above at clinical examination. In girls, the inter-rater agreement for pubic hair and breast staging was 54% and 52%, respectively, yielding weighted kappas of fair strength. In boys, pubic hair and genital staging agreed in 55% and 33%, respectively, corresponding to weighted kappas of fair to moderate strength. Boys tended to underestimate genitalia staging consistently. The intra-individual agreement on Tanner staging was 75-77% in girls and 69% in boys, whereas the intra-individual agreement on axillary hair and acne was above 92%. Conclusions Self-assessment of late stages of pubertal development may be misclassified, leading to random errors in studies of puberty timing. However, self-assessment continues to serve as an important time- and cost-saving tool in large prospective puberty cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ernst
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lea Lykke B Lauridsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nis Brix
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Camilla Kjersgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Erik T Parner
- Department of Public Health, Section for Biostatistics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Clausen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lars Henning Olsen
- Department of Urology, Section for Paediatric Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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38
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His M, Le Guélennec M, Mesrine S, Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F, Fagherazzi G, Dossus L. Life course evolution of body size and breast cancer survival in the E3N cohort. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:1542-1553. [PMID: 29181851 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although adult obesity has been associated with poor breast cancer survival, data on adiposity at different periods in life and its lifelong evolution are scarce. Our aims were to assess the associations between breast cancer survival and body size during childhood, puberty and early adulthood and body size trajectories from childhood to adulthood. Self-assessed body size at age 8, at puberty, at age 20-25 and at age 35-40 and trajectories of body size of 4,662 breast cancer survivors from the prospective E3N cohort were studied in relation to risk of death from any cause, death from breast cancer and second invasive cancer event using multivariate Cox regression models. Four trajectories of body size were identified (T1 "moderate increase," T2 "stable/low increase," T3 "increase at puberty" and T4 "constantly high"). Compared with stable body size, an increase in body size during adult life was associated with an increased risk of death from any cause (HR T1 vs. T2 = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.01-1.60) and an increased risk of second invasive cancer event (HR T1 vs. T2 = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.06-1.47). Silhouettes at various ages were not associated with survival. Our results suggest that the evolution of body size from childhood to adulthood has a long-term influence on breast cancer survival. Although these results need to be confirmed, this work sheds light on the need to combine lifelong approaches to current BMI to better identify breast cancer survivors who are at higher risk of recurrence or second primary cancer, or of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde His
- Health across Generations Team, CESP U1018, Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, UVSQ, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marine Le Guélennec
- Health across Generations Team, CESP U1018, Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, UVSQ, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sylvie Mesrine
- Department of Gynecology, Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU, Tours, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Health across Generations Team, CESP U1018, Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, UVSQ, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
- Health across Generations Team, CESP U1018, Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, UVSQ, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Health across Generations Team, CESP U1018, Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, UVSQ, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Laure Dossus
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Alimujiang A, Imm KR, Appleton CM, Colditz GA, Berkey CS, Toriola AT. Adiposity at Age 10 and Mammographic Density among Premenopausal Women. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:287-294. [PMID: 29500187 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although childhood adiposity is inversely associated with breast cancer risk, the association of childhood adiposity with mammographic density in premenopausal women has not been adequately studied. We analyzed data from 365 premenopausal women who came in for screening mammography at Washington University (St. Louis, MO) from 2015 to 2016. Body size at age 10 was self-reported using somatotype pictogram. Body mass index (BMI) at age 10 was imputed using data from Growing Up Today Study. Volpara software was used to evaluate volumetric percent density (VPD), dense volume (DV), and nondense volume (NDV). Adjusted multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations between adiposity at age 10 and mammographic density measures. Adiposity at age 10 was inversely associated with VPD and positively associated with NDV. A 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI at age 10 was associated with a 6.4% decrease in VPD, and a 6.9% increase in NDV (P < 0.001). Compared with women whose age 10 body size was 1 or 2, women with body size 3 or 4 had a 16.8% decrease in VPD and a 26.6% increase in NDV, women with body size 5 had a 32.2% decrease in VPD and a 58.5% increase in NDV, and women with body sizes ≥6 had a 47.8% decrease in VPD and a 80.9% increase in NDV (P < 0.05). The associations were attenuated, but still significant after adjusting for current BMI. Mechanistic studies to understand how childhood adiposity influences breast development, mammographic density, and breast cancer in premenopausal women are needed. Cancer Prev Res; 11(5); 287-94. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Alimujiang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kellie R Imm
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Catherine M Appleton
- Department of Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Radiology, and Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Catherine S Berkey
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adetunji T Toriola
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri.
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Zhu Y, Aupperlee MD, Zhao Y, Tan YS, Kirk EL, Sun X, Troester MA, Schwartz RC, Haslam SZ. Pubertal and adult windows of susceptibility to a high animal fat diet in Trp53-null mammary tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83409-83423. [PMID: 27825136 PMCID: PMC5347778 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Premenopausal breast cancer is associated with increased animal fat consumption among normal weight, but not overweight women (Farvid et al., 2014). Our previous findings in obesity-resistant BALB/c mice similarly showed promotion of carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis by a diet high in saturated animal fat (HFD). This effect was specific to pubertal versus adult HFD. This study identifies the effects of HFD during puberty versus adulthood in Trp53-null transplant BALB/c mice and investigates its mechanism of enhancing tumorigenesis. Either pubertal or adult HFD is sufficient to increase incidence of Trp53-null mammary tumors. Puberty-restricted HFD exposure promoted tumor cell proliferation, increased angiogenesis, and increased recruitment of total and M2 macrophages in epithelial tumors. Adult-restricted exposure to HFD similarly increased proliferation, angiogenesis, recruitment of total and M2 macrophages, and additionally reduced apoptosis. Adult HFD also increased incidence of spindle cell carcinomas resembling claudin-low breast cancer, and thus adult HFD in the Trp53-null transplantation system may be a useful model for human claudin low breast cancer. Importantly, these results on Trp53-null and our prior studies on DMBA-induced mammary tumorigenesis demonstrate a pubertal window of susceptibility to the promotional effects of HFD, indicating the potential of early life dietary intervention to reduce breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Zhu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program and Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mark D Aupperlee
- Department of Physiology and Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ying Siow Tan
- Department of Physiology and Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Erin L Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xuezheng Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard C Schwartz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sandra Z Haslam
- Department of Physiology and Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Warner ET, Hu R, Collins LC, Beck AH, Schnitt S, Rosner B, Eliassen AH, Michels KB, Willett WC, Tamimi RM. Height and Body Size in Childhood, Adolescence, and Young Adulthood and Breast Cancer Risk According to Molecular Subtype in the Nurses' Health Studies. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 9:732-8. [PMID: 27590596 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Height and body size in childhood and young adulthood have been consistently associated with breast cancer risk; whether associations differ across molecular subtypes is unclear. In a pooled analysis of the Nurses' Health Studies, we prospectively examined the association of four exposures: height, body mass index (BMI) at the age of 18 years, childhood and adolescent somatotypes, with breast cancer risk according to molecular subtypes defined by immunohistochemical markers. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We identified 2,983 luminal A, 1,281 luminal B, 318 HER2-enriched, 408 basal-like, and 128 unclassified tumors. Height was positively associated with all subtypes (Pheterogeneity = 0.78). BMI at the age of 18 (Pheterogeneity = 0.001), childhood (Pheterogeneity = 0.51), and adolescent somatotype (Pheterogeneity = 0.046) were inversely associated, but with differences in magnitude of association. BMI at the age of 18 of ≥25 kg/m(2) (compared with 20-21.9 kg/m(2)) was associated with a 52% decreased risk of HER2-enriched (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.26-0.91; Ptrend < 0.0001) and 39% reduced risk of basal-like tumors (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.36-1.02; Ptrend = 0.008). Compared with the lowest category, women in the highest adolescent body size category were 71% less likely to develop HER2-enriched (HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10-0.85; Ptrend = 0.0005) and 60% less likely to develop basal-like (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.17-0.95; Ptrend = 0.0008). Height was positively associated with risk of all breast cancer molecular subtypes. BMI at 18 years and childhood and adolescent were inversely associated with risk of most breast cancer molecular subtypes with somewhat stronger associations with HER2-enriched and basal-like subtypes. Cancer Prev Res; 9(9); 732-8. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica T Warner
- Clinical Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Rong Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura C Collins
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew H Beck
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stuart Schnitt
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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42
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Lauridsen LLB, Arendt LH, Støvring H, Olsen J, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Is age at puberty associated with semen quality and reproductive hormones in young adult life? Asian J Androl 2017; 19:625-632. [PMID: 27834317 PMCID: PMC5676420 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.190328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The evidence is scarce on the association between age at puberty and semen quality. A cohort of 320 Danish men aged 18-21 years enrolled in the "Healthy Habits for Two" birth cohort provided self-reported data on pubertal indicators and delivered semen and blood samples. The results indicated an association between older age at pubertal development and lower semen quality and altered reproductive hormones concentrations as measured in young adult life. Men who had their first nocturnal emission, start of pubic hair growth and first voice break episode when older than 15 years had 37.0%, 45.0% and 32.7% lower sperm concentration; 37.8%, 44.2% and 29.1% lower total sperm count; 7.4%, 13.4% and 15.3% lower testosterone concentration; and 21.3%, 1.5% and 3.7% lower inhibin B concentration, respectively, compared with the men who were younger than 13 years at their first pubertal indicators. Only few of the results were statistically significant, but similar tendencies were seen in several of the reproductive parameters suggesting an association between the timing of pubertal development and reproductive health later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea LB Lauridsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Linn H Arendt
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Støvring
- Department of Public Health, Section for Biostatistics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Cecilia H Ramlau-Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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43
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Bertrand KA, Gerlovin H, Bethea TN, Palmer JR. Pubertal growth and adult height in relation to breast cancer risk in African American women. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2462-2470. [PMID: 28845597 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adult height has been positively associated with breast cancer risk. The timing of pubertal growth-as measured by age at menarche and age at attained height-may also influence risk. We evaluated associations of adult height, age at attained height, and age at menarche with incidence of invasive breast cancer in 55,687 African American women in the prospective Black Women's Health Study. Over 20 years, 1,826 invasive breast cancers [1,015 estrogen receptor (ER) positive; 542 ER negative] accrued. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations with breast cancer overall and by ER status, mutually adjusted for the three factors of interest. Adult height was associated with increased risk of ER+ breast cancer (HR for ≥70 inches vs ≤63 inches: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.89) but not ER- (corresponding HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.78, 1.71) (p heterogeneity = 0.34). HRs for attained height before age 13 versus age >17 were 1.30 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.76) for ER+ and 1.25 (95% CI: 0.80, 1.96) for ER- breast cancer. Results for age at menarche (≤11 vs ≥14 years) were similar for ER+ and ER- breast cancer (HR for breast cancer overall: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.50). We confirmed height as a strong risk factor for ER+ breast cancer in African American women and identified early age at attained height as a risk factor for both ER+ and ER- breast cancer, albeit without statistical significance of the latter associations. While adult height and timing of pubertal growth are inter-related, our findings suggest that they may be independent risk factors for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Gerlovin
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Traci N Bethea
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA
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44
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Shapira N. The potential contribution of dietary factors to breast cancer prevention. Eur J Cancer Prev 2017; 26:385-395. [PMID: 28746163 PMCID: PMC5553235 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC), the leading cancer in women, is increasing in prevalence worldwide, concurrent with western metabolic epidemics, that is, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, and shares major risk factors with these diseases. The corresponding potential for nutritional contributions toward BC prevention is reviewed and related to critical stages in the life cycle and their implications for carcinogenic and pathometabolic trajectories. BC initiation potentially involves diet-related pro-oxidative, inflammatory, and procarcinogenic processes, that interact through combined lipid/fatty acid peroxidation, estrogen metabolism, and related DNA-adduct/depurination/mutation formation. The pathometabolic trajectory is affected by high estrogen, insulin, and growth factor cascades and resultant accelerated proliferation/progression. Anthropometric risk factors - high birth weight, adult tallness, adiposity/BMI, and weight gain - are often reflective of these trends. A sex-based nutritional approach targets women's specific risk in western obesogenic environments, associated with increasing fatness, estrogen metabolism, n-6 : n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio, and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid conversion to proinflammatory/carcinogenic eicosanoids, and effects of timing of life events, for example, ages at menarche, full-term pregnancy, and menopause. Recent large-scale studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the evidence-based recommendations against BC risk, emphasizing low-energy density diets, highly nutritious plant-based regimes, physical activity, and body/abdominal adiposity management. Better understanding of dietary inter-relationships with BC, as applied to food intake, selection, combination, and processing/preparation, and recommended patterns, for example, Mediterranean, DASH, plant-based, low energy density, and low glycemic load, with high nutrient/phytonutrient density, would increase public motivation and authoritative support for early/timely prevention, optimally merging with other dietary/health goals, for lifelong BC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niva Shapira
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Professions, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
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45
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Nichols HB, Schoemaker MJ, Wright LB, McGowan C, Brook MN, McClain KM, Jones ME, Adami HO, Agnoli C, Baglietto L, Bernstein L, Bertrand KA, Blot WJ, Boutron-Ruault MC, Butler L, Chen Y, Doody MM, Dossus L, Eliassen AH, Giles GG, Gram IT, Hankinson SE, Hoffman-Bolton J, Kaaks R, Key TJ, Kirsh VA, Kitahara CM, Koh WP, Larsson SC, Lund E, Ma H, Merritt MA, Milne RL, Navarro C, Overvad K, Ozasa K, Palmer JR, Peeters PH, Riboli E, Rohan TE, Sadakane A, Sund M, Tamimi RM, Trichopoulou A, Vatten L, Visvanathan K, Weiderpass E, Willett WC, Wolk A, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Zheng W, Sandler DP, Swerdlow AJ. The Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaboration: A Pooling Project of Studies Participating in the National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:1360-1369. [PMID: 28600297 PMCID: PMC5581673 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cancer diagnosis among premenopausal women around the world. Unlike rates in postmenopausal women, incidence rates of advanced breast cancer have increased in recent decades for premenopausal women. Progress in identifying contributors to breast cancer risk among premenopausal women has been constrained by the limited numbers of premenopausal breast cancer cases in individual studies and resulting low statistical power to subcategorize exposures or to study specific subtypes. The Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaborative Group was established to facilitate cohort-based analyses of risk factors for premenopausal breast cancer by pooling individual-level data from studies participating in the United States National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium. This article describes the Group, including the rationale for its initial aims related to pregnancy, obesity, and physical activity. We also describe the 20 cohort studies with data submitted to the Group by June 2016. The infrastructure developed for this work can be leveraged to support additional investigations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(9); 1360-9. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel B Nichols
- University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren B Wright
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Craig McGowan
- University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mark N Brook
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen M McClain
- University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael E Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Karolinska Institutet, MEB, University of Oslo Institute of Health and Society, Sweden, Norway
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Italy, France
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), France
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, California
| | | | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Lesley Butler
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yu Chen
- NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michele M Doody
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laure Dossus
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, France
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Council Victoria, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Inger T Gram
- University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Victoria A Kirsh
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cari M Kitahara
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Susanna C Larsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eiliv Lund
- UiT (University of Tromsø), Tromsø, Norway
| | - Huiyan Ma
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, California
| | | | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Council Victoria, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carmen Navarro
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP); Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lars Vatten
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Head, Group of Etiological Cancer Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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46
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Windham GC, Lum R, Voss R, Wolff M, Pinney SM, Teteilbaum SL, Sosnoff CS, Dobraca D, Biro F, Hiatt RA, Greenspan LC, Galvez M, Kushi LH. Age at Pubertal Onset in Girls and Tobacco Smoke Exposure During Pre- and Postnatal Susceptibility Windows. Epidemiology 2017; 28:719-727. [PMID: 28661938 PMCID: PMC5560866 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoke contains known hormonally active chemicals and reproductive toxicants. Several studies have examined prenatal maternal smoking and offspring age at menarche, but few examined earlier pubertal markers, nor accounted for exposure during childhood. Our objective was to examine pre- and postnatal smoke exposure in relation to timing of early pubertal events. METHODS An ethnically diverse cohort of 1239 girls was enrolled at age 6-8 years old for a longitudinal study of puberty at three US sites. Girls participated in annual or semi-annual exams to measure anthropometry and Tanner breast and pubic hair stages. Prenatal and current tobacco smoke exposures, as well as covariates, were obtained from parent questionnaire. Cotinine was measured in urine collected at enrollment. Using accelerated failure time models, we calculated adjusted time ratios for age at pubertal onset (maturation stages 2 or higher) and smoke exposure. RESULTS Girls with higher prenatal (≥5 cigarettes per day) or secondhand smoke exposure had earlier pubic hair development than unexposed (adjusted time ratio: 0.92 [95% CI = 0.87, 0.97] and 0.94 [95% CI = 0.90, 0.97], respectively). Including both exposures in the same model yielded similar associations. Higher urinary cotinine quartiles were associated with younger age at breast and pubic hair onset in unadjusted models, but not after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Greater prenatal and childhood secondhand smoke exposure were associated with earlier onset of pubic hair, but not breast, development. These exposures represent modifiable risk factors for early pubertal development that should be considered for addition to the extensive list of adverse effects from tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle C Windham
- From the aCA Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA; bImpact Assessment Inc., La Jolla, CA; cIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY; dUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; eCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; fUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; gKaiser Permanente, San Francisco, CA; and hKaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA
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47
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Shawon MSR, Eriksson M, Li J. Body size in early life and risk of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:84. [PMID: 28732505 PMCID: PMC5521119 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body size in early life is inversely associated with adult breast cancer (BC) risk, but it is unclear whether the associations differ by tumor characteristics. Methods In a pooled analysis of two Swedish population-based studies consisting of 6731 invasive BC cases and 28,705 age-matched cancer-free controls, we examined the associations between body size in early life and BC risk. Self-reported body sizes at ages 7 and 18 years were collected by a validated nine-level pictogram (aggregated into three categories: small, medium and large). Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated from multivariable logistic regression models in case-control analyses, adjusting for study, age at diagnosis, age at menarche, number of children, hormone replacement therapy, and family history of BC. Body size change between ages 7 and 18 were also examined in relation to BC risk. Case-only analyses were performed to test whether the associations differed by tumor characteristics. Results Medium or large body size at age 7 and 18 was associated with a statistically significant decreased BC risk compared to small body size (pooled OR (95% CI): comparing large to small, 0.78 (0.70–0.86), Ptrend <0.001 and 0.72 (0.64–0.80), Ptrend <0.001, respectively). The majority of the women (~85%) did not change body size categories between age 7 and 18 . Women who remained medium or large between ages 7 and 18 had significantly decreased BC risk compared to those who remained small. A reduction in body size between ages 7 and 18 was also found to be inversely associated with BC risk (0.90 (0.81–1.00)). No significant association was found between body size at age 7 and tumor characteristics. Body size at age 18 was found to be inversely associated with tumor size (Ptrend = 0.006), but not estrogen receptor status and lymph node involvement. For all analyses, the overall inferences did not change appreciably after further adjustment for adult body mass index. Conclusions Our data provide further support for a strong and independent inverse relationship between early life body size and BC risk. The association between body size at age 18 and tumor size could be mediated by mammographic density. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0875-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shajedur Rahman Shawon
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis St, Genome, #02-01, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.
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48
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Rice MS, Tworoger SS, Hankinson SE, Tamimi RM, Eliassen AH, Willett WC, Colditz G, Rosner B. Breast cancer risk prediction: an update to the Rosner-Colditz breast cancer incidence model. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 166:227-240. [PMID: 28702896 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To update and expand the Rosner-Colditz breast cancer incidence model by evaluating the contributions of more recently identified risk factors as well as predicted percent mammographic density (MD) to breast cancer risk. METHODS Using data from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII, we added adolescent somatotype (9 unit scale), vegetable intake (servings/day), breastfeeding (months), physical activity (MET-h/week), and predicted percent MD to the Rosner-Colditz model to determine whether these variables improved model discrimination. We evaluated all invasive as well as ER+/PR+, ER+/PR-, and ER-/PR- breast cancer. RESULTS In the NHS/NHSII, we accrued over 5200 cases of invasive breast cancer over more than 20 years of follow-up with complete data on the risk factors. Adolescent somatotype and predicted percent MD significantly improved the original Rosner-Colditz model for all invasive breast cancer (change in age-adjusted AUC = 0.020, p < 0.001). The relative risk (RR) of invasive breast cancer for a 4-unit increase in adolescent somatotype was 0.62 (95% CI 0.56, 0.70), whereas the RR for a 20-unit increase in predicted percent MD was 1.32 (95% CI 1.28, 1.36). Adolescent somatotype and predicted percent MD also significantly improved the ER+/PR+model (change in age-adjusted AUC = 0.020, p < 0.001) as well as the ER+/PR- model (change in age-adjusted AUC = 0.012, p = 0.007). Adolescent somatotype, predicted percent MD, breastfeeding, and vegetable intake improved the ER-/PR- model (change in AUC = 0.031, p < 0.0001). The RR of ER-/PR- disease for 5 vegetable servings/day increase was 0.83 (95% CI 0.70, 0.99), while the RR for every 12 months of breastfeeding was 0.88 (95% CI 0.77, 1.01). Physical activity did not improve risk classification in any model. CONCLUSION Adolescent somatotype and predicted percent MD significantly improved breast cancer risk classification using the Rosner-Colditz model. Further, risk factors specific to ER- disease, such as breastfeeding and vegetable intake, may also help improve risk prediction of this aggressive subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Rice
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Bartlett 9, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Graham Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Bartlett 9, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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49
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Alexeeff SE, Odo NU, Lipson JA, Achacoso N, Rothstein JH, Yaffe MJ, Liang RY, Acton L, McGuire V, Whittemore AS, Rubin DL, Sieh W, Habel LA. Age at Menarche and Late Adolescent Adiposity Associated with Mammographic Density on Processed Digital Mammograms in 24,840 Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:1450-1458. [PMID: 28698185 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High mammographic density is strongly associated with increased breast cancer risk. Some, but not all, risk factors for breast cancer are also associated with higher mammographic density.Methods: The study cohort (N = 24,840) was drawn from the Research Program in Genes, Environment and Health of Kaiser Permanente Northern California and included non-Hispanic white females ages 40 to 74 years with a full-field digital mammogram (FFDM). Percent density (PD) and dense area (DA) were measured by a radiological technologist using Cumulus. The association of age at menarche and late adolescent body mass index (BMI) with PD and DA were modeled using linear regression adjusted for confounders.Results: Age at menarche and late adolescent BMI were negatively correlated. Age at menarche was positively associated with PD (P value for trend <0.0001) and DA (P value for trend <0.0001) in fully adjusted models. Compared with the reference category of ages 12 to 13 years at menarche, menarche at age >16 years was associated with an increase in PD of 1.47% (95% CI, 0.69-2.25) and an increase in DA of 1.59 cm2 (95% CI, 0.48-2.70). Late adolescent BMI was inversely associated with PD (P < 0.0001) and DA (P < 0.0001) in fully adjusted models.Conclusions: Age at menarche and late adolescent BMI are both associated with Cumulus measures of mammographic density on processed FFDM images.Impact: Age at menarche and late adolescent BMI may act through different pathways. The long-term effects of age at menarche on cancer risk may be mediated through factors besides mammographic density. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(9); 1450-8. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California.
| | - Nnaemeka U Odo
- Data Mining & Analytics, Encounter Information Operations, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California.,Optum360, United Health Group, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Jafi A Lipson
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ninah Achacoso
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Rhea Y Liang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Luana Acton
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Division of Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Division of Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Daniel L Rubin
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Laurel A Habel
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California.,Department of Health Research and Policy, Division of Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Rosner B, Eliassen AH, Toriola AT, Chen WY, Hankinson SE, Willett WC, Berkey CS, Colditz GA. Weight and weight changes in early adulthood and later breast cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2003-2014. [PMID: 28133728 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a well-established cause of postmenopausal breast cancer. However, early life adiposity is inversely associated with breast cancer incidence. To understand these conflicting relations, we use validated measures to assess adiposity in childhood and late adolescence, as well as weight change, in relation to total invasive breast cancer incidence and receptor subtypes. We conducted a prospective observational study among 74,177 women from the Nurses' Health Study from 1980-2012, with updated risk factors every 2 years during which 4,965 incident invasive breast cancers occurred. Overall, weight at age 18 was inversely associated with both premenopausal (HR per 30 kg = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.39-0.71) and postmenopausal (HR per 30 kg = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.72-0.92) breast cancer which was largely explained by adiposity at age 10. Long-term weight gain from age 18 both during premenopause and postmenopause were positively associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk. However, premenopausal weight gain was not related to premenopausal breast cancer risk. Furthermore, weight gain since age 18 was positively associated with ER+/PR+ postmenopausal breast cancer (HR per 30 kg = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.36-1.65) but not ER+/PR- (HR per 30 kg = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.78-1.19) or ER-/PR- (HR per 30 kg = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.95-1.42) postmenopausal breast cancer. Overall, 17% of ER+/PR+ postmenopausal breast cancer and 14% of total postmenopausal breast cancer are attributable to weight gain of > 5 kg since age 18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Adetunji T Toriola
- Siteman Cancer Center and Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110
| | - Wendy Y Chen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003-9304
| | - Walter C Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Catherine S Berkey
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Siteman Cancer Center and Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110
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