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Jiménez-López J, García-Hevia L, Melguizo C, Prados J, Bañobre-López M, Gallo J. Evaluation of Novel Doxorubicin-Loaded Magnetic Wax Nanocomposite Vehicles as Cancer Combinatorial Therapy Agents. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E637. [PMID: 32645938 PMCID: PMC7407097 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of nanotechnology-based solutions for cancer at a preclinical level advances at an astounding pace. So far, clinical translation of these new developments has not been able to keep the pace due to a range of different reasons. One of them is the mismatch between in vitro and in vivo results coming from the expected difference in complexity. To overcome this problem, extensive characterisation using advanced in vitro models can lead to stronger preliminary data to face in vivo tests. Here, a comprehensive in vitro validation of a combinatorial therapy nanoformulation against solid tumours is presented. The information extracted from the different in vitro models highlights the importance of advanced 3D models to fully understand the potential of this type of complex drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jiménez-López
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIM9090325ER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain; (J.J.-L.); (C.M.); (J.P.)
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Lorena García-Hevia
- Advanced (Magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, Health Cluster, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal;
- The Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, the BioRobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025 Pisa, Italy
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIM9090325ER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain; (J.J.-L.); (C.M.); (J.P.)
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIM9090325ER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain; (J.J.-L.); (C.M.); (J.P.)
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Bañobre-López
- Advanced (Magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, Health Cluster, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Juan Gallo
- Advanced (Magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, Health Cluster, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal;
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Núñez C, Capelo JL, Igrejas G, Alfonso A, Botana LM, Lodeiro C. An overview of the effective combination therapies for the treatment of breast cancer. Biomaterials 2016; 97:34-50. [PMID: 27162073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is generally classified based on the receptors overexpressed on the cell nucleus, which include hormone receptors such as progesterone (PR) and estrogen (ER), and HER2. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of cancer that lacks any of these three types of receptor proteins (ER/PR/HER2). Tumor cells exhibit drug resistant phenotypes that decrease the efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments. Generally, drug resistance has a genetic basis that is caused by an abnormal gene expression, nevertheless, there are several types of drug resistance: efflux pumps reducing the cellular concentration of the drug, alterations in membrane lipids that reduce cellular uptake, increased or altered drug targets, metabolic alteration of the drug, inhibition of apoptosis, repair of the damaged DNA, and alteration of the cell cycle checkpoints. The use of "combination therapy" is recognized as an efficient solution to treat human diseases, in particular, breast cancer. In this review, we give examples of different nanocarriers used to co-deliver multiple therapeutics (chemotherapeutic agent and nucleic acid) to drug-resistant tumor cells, and lastly, we give our recommendations for the future directions for the co-delivery treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Núñez
- Pharmacology Deparment, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain; C4O Group, Research Unit UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - José Luis Capelo
- BIOSCOPE Group, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; ProteoMass Scientific Society, Madan Parque, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-182, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- C4O Group, Research Unit UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Pharmacology Deparment, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Luis M Botana
- Pharmacology Deparment, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE Group, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; ProteoMass Scientific Society, Madan Parque, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-182, Caparica, Portugal.
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Wen J, Zhang T, Shan ZM, Qi MY, Xiu HH, Liu L, Wu SZ, Jia Z, Xu KQ. Butorphanol, a synthetic opioid, sensitizes ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance via inhibition of the efflux function of ABCB1 in leukemia cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:755-62. [PMID: 26062728 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a formidable challenge in the use of chemotherapy and represents a powerful obstacle to the treatment of leukemia. ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) is a recognized factor which causes MDR and is closely related to poor outcome and relapse in leukemia. Ongoing research concerning the strategy for inhibiting the abnormally high activity of the ABCB1 transporter is critically needed. In the present study, we sought to elucidate the interaction between ABCB1 transporter and butorphanol. Our results showed that butorphanol significantly antagonized ABCB1-mediated drug efflux and increased the intracellular drug concentration by inhibiting the transport activity of ABCB1 in leukemia cells. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that butorphanol did not alter the protein expression or localization of ABCB1 in HL60/VCR and K562/ADR cells. Furthermore, homology modeling indicated that butorphanol could fit into the large drug-binding cavity of ABCB1 and form a binding conformation. In conclusion, butorphanol reversed the ABCB1-mediated MDR in leukemia cells by directly suppressing the efflux activity of ABCB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Min-Yue Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Huan Xiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810001, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Zhe Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810001, P.R. China
| | - Kang-Qing Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Phumyen A, Jantasorn S, Jumnainsong A, Leelayuwat C. Doxorubicin-conjugated bacteriophages carrying anti-MHC class I chain-related A for targeted cancer therapy in vitro. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:2183-95. [PMID: 25506223 PMCID: PMC4259261 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s69315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer therapy by systemic administration of anticancer drugs, besides the effectiveness shown on cancer cells, demonstrated the side effects and cytotoxicity on normal cells. The targeted drug-carrying nanoparticles may decrease the required drug concentration at the site and the distribution of drugs to normal tissues. Overexpression of major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related A (MICA) in cancer is useful as a targeted molecule for the delivery of doxorubicin to MICA-expressing cell lines. METHODS The application of 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide (EDC) chemistry was employed to conjugate the major coat protein of bacteriophages carrying anti-MICA and doxorubicin in a mildly acid condition. Doxorubicin (Dox) on phages was determined by double fluorescence of phage particles stained by M13-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and drug autofluorescence by flow cytometry. The ability of anti-MICA on phages to bind MICA after doxorubicin conjugation was evaluated by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One cervical cancer and four cholangiocarcinoma cell lines expressing MICA were used as models to evaluate targeting activity by cell cytotoxicity test. RESULTS Flow cytometry and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that most of the phages (82%) could be conjugated with doxorubicin, and the Dox-carrying phage-displaying anti-MICA (Dox-phage) remained the binding activity against MICA. Dox-phage was more efficient than free drugs in killing all the cell lines tested. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Dox-phage were lower than those of free drugs at approximately 1.6-6 times depending on MICA expressions and the cell lines tested. CONCLUSION Evidently, the application of 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide chemistry is effective to conjugate doxorubicin and major coat protein of bacteriophages without destroying binding activity of MICA antibodies. Dox-carrying bacteriophages targeting MICA have been successfully developed and may enable a broad range of applications in cancer-targeting chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achara Phumyen
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand ; The Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand ; Research Cluster: Specific Health Problem of Grater Maekong Subregion (SHeP-GMS), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Jantasorn
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Amonrat Jumnainsong
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chanvit Leelayuwat
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand ; The Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand ; Research Cluster: Specific Health Problem of Grater Maekong Subregion (SHeP-GMS), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand ; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Yoshizawa Y, Ogawara KI, Kimura T, Higaki K. A novel approach to overcome multidrug resistance: utilization of P-gp mediated efflux of paclitaxel to attack neighboring vascular endothelial cells in tumors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 62:274-80. [PMID: 24956463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We tried to overcome the paclitaxel (PTX) resistance of cancer cells due to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression in the in vivo anti-tumor chemotherapy by utilizing polyethylene glycol-modified liposomal paclitaxel (PL-PTX). First of all, established were PTX-resistant Colon-26 cancer cells (C26/PTX) overexpressing P-gp, which provided IC50 value of PTX solution about 30 times larger than that obtained for control C26 (C26/control) in the in vitro MTT assay. Western blot analysis confirmed P-gp expression in C26/PTX 10 times higher than that in C26/control, indicating that the resistance acquisition of C26/PTX to PTX would be ascribed to the enhanced efflux of PTX by P-gp overexpressed in C26/PTX. However, the in vivo anti-tumor effect of PL-PTX in C26/PTX-bearing mice was similar to that in C26/control-bearing mice. Double immunohistochemical staining of vascular endothelial cells and apoptotic cells within tumor tissues demonstrated that the apoptotic cell death was preferentially observed in vascular endothelial cells in C26/PTX tumors after intravenous administration of PL-PTX, while that was in tumor cells in C26/control tumors. These results suggest that the in vivo anti-tumor effect of PL-PTX in C26/PTX-bearing mice would be ascribed to the cytotoxic action of PTX pumped out of tumor cells by overexpressed P-gp to vascular endothelial cells in tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yoshizawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Ogawara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Toshikiro Kimura
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Higaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Abraham J, Salama NN, Azab AK. The role of P-glycoprotein in drug resistance in multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:26-33. [PMID: 24678978 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.907890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplastic cancer of the plasma cells that involves the bone marrow. The majority of patients with MM initially respond to chemotherapy, but they eventually become resistant to later drug therapy. One of the reasons for drug resistance in patients with MM is efflux transporters. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is the most studied of the multidrug resistance proteins, and is up-regulated in response to many chemotherapeutic drugs. This up-regulation of P-gp causes a decrease in the intracellular accumulation of these drugs, limiting their therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we focus on the role of P-gp in drugs used for patients with MM. P-gp has been found to be an important factor with regard to drug resistance in many of the drug classes used in the treatment of MM (proteasome inhibitors, anthracyclines, alkylating agents and immunomodulators are examples). Thus, our further understanding of its mechanism and inhibitory effects will help us decrease drug resistance in patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Abraham
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis , St. Louis, MO , USA
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ABC Transporter Regulation by Signaling at the Blood–Brain Barrier. PHARMACOLOGY OF THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER: TARGETING CNS DISORDERS 2014; 71:1-24. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Doxorubicin and mitomycin C co-loaded polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles inhibit growth of sensitive and multidrug resistant human mammary tumor xenografts. Cancer Lett 2013; 334:263-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Sarisozen C, Vural I, Levchenko T, Hincal AA, Torchilin VP. Long-circulating PEG-PE micelles co-loaded with paclitaxel and elacridar (GG918) overcome multidrug resistance. Drug Deliv 2012; 19:363-70. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2012.724473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Targeting blood-brain barrier sphingolipid signaling reduces basal P-glycoprotein activity and improves drug delivery to the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:15930-5. [PMID: 22949658 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1203534109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein, an ATP-driven drug efflux pump, is a major obstacle to the delivery of small-molecule drugs across the blood-brain barrier and into the CNS. Here we test a unique signaling-based strategy to overcome this obstacle. We used a confocal microscopy-based assay with isolated rat brain capillaries to map a signaling pathway that within minutes abolishes P-glycoprotein transport activity without altering transporter protein expression or tight junction permeability. This pathway encompasses elements of proinflammatory- (TNF-α) and sphingolipid-based signaling. Critical to this pathway was signaling through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1). In brain capillaries, S1P acted through S1PR1 to rapidly and reversibly reduce P-glycoprotein transport activity. Sphingosine reduced transport by a sphingosine kinase-dependent mechanism. Importantly, fingolimod (FTY720), a S1P analog recently approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis, also rapidly reduced P-glycoprotein activity; similar effects were found with the active, phosphorylated metabolite (FTY720P). We validated these findings in vivo using in situ brain perfusion in rats. Administration of S1P, FTY720, or FTY729P increased brain uptake of three radiolabeled P-glycoprotein substrates, (3)H-verapamil (threefold increase), (3)H-loperamide (fivefold increase), and (3)H-paclitaxel (fivefold increase); blocking S1PR1 abolished this effect. Tight junctional permeability, measured as brain (14)C-sucrose accumulation, was not altered. Therefore, targeting signaling through S1PR1 at the blood-brain barrier with the sphingolipid-based drugs, FTY720 or FTY720P, can rapidly and reversibly reduce basal P-glycoprotein activity and thus improve delivery of small-molecule therapeutics to the brain.
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Delivery of P-glycoprotein substrates using chemosensitizers and nanotechnology for selective and efficient therapeutic outcomes. J Control Release 2012; 161:50-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Binkhathlan Z, Shayeganpour A, Brocks DR, Lavasanifar A. Encapsulation of P-glycoprotein inhibitors by polymeric micelles can reduce their pharmacokinetic interactions with doxorubicin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81:142-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sarisozen C, Vural I, Levchenko T, Hincal AA, Torchilin VP. PEG-PE-based micelles co-loaded with paclitaxel and cyclosporine A or loaded with paclitaxel and targeted by anticancer antibody overcome drug resistance in cancer cells. Drug Deliv 2012; 19:169-76. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2012.674163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pohlen U, Buhr HJ, Berger G, Ritz JP, Holmer C. Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) with PEGylated liposomes containing 5-FU improves tumor control of liver metastases in a rat model. Invest New Drugs 2011; 30:927-35. [PMID: 21360049 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the cytostatic effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) encapsulated in polyethylene glycol (PEG) liposomes with or without degradable starch microspheres (DSM) in a long-term trial using a rat liver tumor model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytostatics were applied once either as a hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) or were systemically infused via the tail vein. Seven groups were compared with respect to tumor growth and survival times: 5-FU HAI (group I), 5-FU + DSM HAI (group II), PEG-5-FU HAI (group III), PEG-5-FU + DSM HAI (group IV), NaCl HAI (group V), 5-FU i.v. (group VI), and PEG-5-FU i.v. (group VII). RESULTS Seven and 14 days after treatment in groups III and IV, only group IV had significantly inhibited tumor growth on day 21 compared to the groups treated intravenously. On day 28, none of the animals from the intravenously treated groups were still alive compared to a significantly longer survival time of 6 and 8 weeks in groups III and IV. CONCLUSION Locoregional therapy with 5-fluorouracil encapsulated in PEGylated liposomes may further improve the treatment success with longer-lasting tumor regression and prolonged survival times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Pohlen
- Department of General, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
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Zheng Y, Zhou F, Wu X, Wen X, Li Y, Yan B, Zhang J, Hao G, Ye W, Wang G. 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid from Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel synergizes the antitumor activities of doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 128:615-622. [PMID: 20176097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL REVELANCE: Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge)Regel has been used as adjuvant in chemotherapy in traditional Chinese medicine. 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid, an isolated pentacyclic triterpene, is the major active constituent of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel. AIM OF THIS STUDY To evaluate the combinational anticancer effect of 23-hydroxybetulinic acid and doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of combination treatment with 23-hydroxybetulinic acid and doxorubicin was evaluated with a quantitative combination index method based on the median-effect analysis in various cancer cell lines. And in vivo efficacy of combination chemotherapy was also evaluated using ICR mice bearing sarcoma 180 carcinoma tumors. RESULTS 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid showed a synergistic cytotoxic effect on multiple cancer cell lines by combined use with doxorubicin. In vivo studies further demonstrated that co-administration of 23-HBA significantly improved the sensitivity of the tumor to doxorubicin through increasing intra-tumor doxorubicin concentration and inhibiting doxorubicin-induced up-regulation of P-gp in tumor. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the combined therapy with 23-hydroxybetulinic acid and doxorubicin may be a new promising strategy to promote the clinical chemotherapy, which needs further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
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Patel KJ, Tannock IF. The influence of P-glycoprotein expression and its inhibitors on the distribution of doxorubicin in breast tumors. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:356. [PMID: 19807929 PMCID: PMC2770566 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-cancer drugs access solid tumors via blood vessels, and must penetrate tumor tissue to reach all cancer cells. Previous studies have demonstrated steep gradients of decreasing doxorubicin fluorescence with increasing distance from blood vessels, such that many tumor cells are not exposed to drug. Studies using multilayered cell cultures show that increased P-glycoprotein (PgP) is associated with better penetration of doxorubicin, while PgP inhibitors decrease drug penetration in tumor tissue. Here we evaluate the effect of PgP expression on doxorubicin distribution in vivo. Methods Mice bearing tumor sublines with either high or low expression of PgP were treated with doxorubicin, with or without pre-treatment with the PgP inhibitors verapamil or PSC 833. The distribution of doxorubicin in relation to tumor blood vessels was quantified using immunofluorescence. Results Our results indicate greater uptake of doxorubicin by cells near blood vessels in wild type as compared to PgP-overexpressing tumors, and pre-treatment with verapamil or PSC 833 increased uptake in PgP-overexpressing tumors. However, there were steeper gradients of decreasing doxorubicin fluorescence in wild-type tumors compared to PgP overexpressing tumors, and treatment of PgP overexpressing tumors with PgP inhibitors led to steeper gradients and greater heterogeneity in the distribution of doxorubicin. Conclusion PgP inhibitors increase uptake of doxorubicin in cells close to blood vessels, have little effect on drug uptake into cells at intermediate distances, and might have a paradoxical effect to decrease doxorubicin uptake into distal cells. This effect probably contributes to the limited success of PgP inhibitors in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupa J Patel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Mayer LD, Krishna R, Webb M, Bally M. Designing Liposomal Anticancer Drug Formulations for Specific Therapeutic Applications. J Liposome Res 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08982100009029381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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In vivo anti-tumor effect of PEG liposomal doxorubicin (DOX) in DOX-resistant tumor-bearing mice: Involvement of cytotoxic effect on vascular endothelial cells. J Control Release 2008; 133:4-10. [PMID: 18840484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the in vivo anti-tumor effect of polyethylene glycol-modified liposomal doxorubicin (PEG liposomal DOX) in the DOX-resistant Colon-26 cancer cells (C26/DOX)-bearing mice model. IC(50) value of DOX to C26/DOX in vitro (40.0 microM) was about 250 times higher than that to control C26 (C26/control) (0.15 microM). However, in vivo anti-tumor effect of PEG liposomal DOX was similar in both C26/control- and C26/DOX-bearing mice, suggesting that the in vivo anti-tumor effect of PEG liposomal DOX was not directly reflecting the sensitivity of these tumor cells to DOX. IC(50) value (0.10 microM) of DOX to HUVEC, a model vascular endothelial cell, was similar to that of C26/control. Double immunohistochemical staining of vascular endothelial cells and apoptotic cells within the tumor tissue after intravenous administration of PEG liposomal DOX showed that the extent of co-localization of apoptotic cells with endothelial cells was significantly higher for C26/DOX tumors (60%) than C26/control ones (20%), suggesting that the apoptosis is caused preferentially for vascular endothelial cells in C26/DOX tumor. From these results, it was suggested that the cytotoxic effect of DOX on vascular endothelial cells in the tumor would be involved in the in vivo anti-tumor effect of PEG liposomal DOX in C26/DOX-bearing mice.
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19
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Gupta B, Torchilin VP. Monoclonal antibody 2C5-modified doxorubicin-loaded liposomes with significantly enhanced therapeutic activity against intracranial human brain U-87 MG tumor xenografts in nude mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1215-23. [PMID: 17219149 PMCID: PMC11030931 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0273-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes, modified with monoclonal antibodies, are suitable carriers for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs into brain tumors. Here, we investigate the therapeutic efficacy of monoclonal anticancer antibody 2C5-modified long-circulating liposomes (LCL) loaded with doxorubicin (2C5-DoxLCL) for the treatment of U-87 MG human brain tumors in an intracranial model in nude mice. In vitro, 2C5-DoxLCL is significantly more effective in killing the U-87 MG tumor cells than Doxil (commercial doxorubicin-loaded PEGylated LCL) or DoxLCL modified with a non-specific IgG. 2C5-immunoliposomes also demonstrate a significantly higher accumulation in U-87 MG tumors compared to all controls in a subcutaneous model. The treatment of intracranial U-87 MG brain tumors in nude mice with 2C5-DoxLCL provides a significant therapeutic benefit over control formulations, substantially reducing the tumor size and almost doubling the survival time. Thus, monoclonal antibody 2C5-modified LCL can specifically target the anticancer drugs to brain tumors, leading to improved therapeutic treatment of brain tumor in an intracranial model, in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, 312 Mugar Building, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Vladimir P. Torchilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, 312 Mugar Building, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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20
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Szakács G, Paterson JK, Ludwig JA, Booth-Genthe C, Gottesman MM. Targeting multidrug resistance in cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006; 5:219-34. [PMID: 16518375 DOI: 10.1038/nrd1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2649] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective treatment of metastatic cancers usually requires the use of toxic chemotherapy. In most cases, multiple drugs are used, as resistance to single agents occurs almost universally. For this reason, elucidation of mechanisms that confer simultaneous resistance to different drugs with different targets and chemical structures - multidrug resistance - has been a major goal of cancer biologists during the past 35 years. Here, we review the most common of these mechanisms, one that relies on drug efflux from cancer cells mediated by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. We describe various approaches to combating multidrug-resistant cancer, including the development of drugs that engage, evade or exploit efflux by ABC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Szakács
- Institute of Enzymology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest Karolina út 29; H-1518 Hungary
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21
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Fracasso PM, Blum KA, Ma MK, Tan BR, Wright LP, Goodner SA, Fears CL, Hou W, Arquette MA, Picus J, Denes A, Mortimer JE, Ratner L, Ivy SP, McLeod HL. Phase I study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and the multidrug-resistance modulator, valspodar. Br J Cancer 2005; 93:46-53. [PMID: 15942626 PMCID: PMC2361488 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Valspodar, a P-glycoprotein modulator, affects pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin when administered in combination, resulting in doxorubicin dose reduction. In animal models, valspodar has minimal interaction with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PEG-LD). To determine any pharmacokinetic interaction in humans, we designed a study to determine maximum tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), and pharmacokinetics of total doxorubicin, in PEG-LD and valspodar combination therapy in patients with advanced malignancies. Patients received PEG-LD 20–25 mg m−2 intravenously over 1 h for cycle one. In subsequent 2-week cycles, valspodar was administered as 72 h continuous intravenous infusion with PEG-LD beginning at 8 mg m−2 and escalated in an accelerated titration design to 25 mg m−2. Pharmacokinetic data were collected with and without valspodar. A total of 14 patients completed at least two cycles of therapy. No DLTs were observed in six patients treated at the highest level of PEG-LD 25 mg m−2. The most common toxicities were fatigue, nausea, vomiting, mucositis, palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia, diarrhoea, and ataxia. Partial responses were observed in patients with breast and ovarian carcinoma. The mean (range) total doxorubicin clearance decreased from 27 (10–73) ml h−1 m−2 in cycle 1 to 18 (3–37) ml h−1 m−2 with the addition of valspodar in cycle 2 (P=0.009). Treatment with PEG-LD 25 mg m−2 in combination with valspodar results in a moderate prolongation of total doxorubicin clearance and half-life but did not increase the toxicity of this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Fracasso
- Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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22
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Lee ES, Na K, Bae YH. Doxorubicin loaded pH-sensitive polymeric micelles for reversal of resistant MCF-7 tumor. J Control Release 2005; 103:405-18. [PMID: 15763623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Revised: 12/10/2004] [Accepted: 12/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to overcome multidrug resistance in solid tumors, doxorubicin (DOX) loaded pH-sensitive micelles of which surface was decorated with folate (PHSM/f) were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo experiments. PHSM/f were fabricated from a mixture of two block copolymers of poly(L-histidine) (M(n): 5K)-b-PEG (M(n): 2K)-folate (polyHis/PEG-folate) (75 wt.%) and poly(L-lactic acid) (M(n): 3K)-b-PEG (M(n): 2K)-folate (PLLA/PEG-folate) (25 wt.%). The PHSM/f showed more than 90% cytotoxicity of DOX resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7/DOX(R)) when cultured with PHSM/f at a concentration of 10 microg/ml DOX. The result was interpreted by a sequential event of active internalization of PHSM/f via folate-receptor mediated endocytosis and ionization of His residues which result in micelle destabilization and probably disturbance of endosomal membranes. This potential mechanism may endow the drug carriers to bypass Pgp efflux pump and sequestration of DOX in acidic intracellular compartments, yielding high cytotyoxicity. Experimental evaluation of tumor regression was carried out in a small animal model bearing s.c. MCF-7 or MCF-7/DOX(R) xenografts. The tumor (MCF-7/DOX) volumes of mice treated with PHSM/f were significantly less than control groups treated with free DOX or similar micelles but without folate (PHSM). In the MCF-7/DOX(R) xenograft model, the accumulated DOX level of PHSM/f in solid tumors was 20 times higher than free DOX group, and 3 times higher than PHSM group. The results demonstrate that PHSM/f is a viable means for treating drug resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seong Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 421 Wakara Way, Suite 315, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
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23
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Advani R, Lum BL, Fisher GA, Halsey J, Chin DL, Jacobs CD, Sikic BI. A phase I trial of liposomal doxorubicin, paclitaxel and valspodar (PSC-833), an inhibitor of multidrug resistance. Ann Oncol 2005; 16:1968-73. [PMID: 16126736 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdi396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine (i) the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of liposomal doxorubicin (L-DOX) and paclitaxel (DP), (ii) the MTD of DP plus valspodar (DPV) and (iii) pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions of valspodar with L-DOX and paclitaxel. METHODS Twenty-three patients with metastatic cancers received DP, followed 4 weeks later by DPV. Dose levels of DP were (mg/m2 for L-DOX/paclitaxel): 30/135 (n = 7), 30/150 (n = 4), 35/150 (n = 8) and 40/150 (n = 4). Dose levels of DPV were 15/70 (n = 10) and 15/60 (n = 10). Serial, paired PK studies were performed. RESULTS The MTD of DP was 40/150. For DPV at 15/70, five of 10 patients experienced grade 4 neutropenia. In the next cohort, a reduced dose of 15/60 was well tolerated. Valspodar produced reversible grade 3 ataxia in seven patients, requiring dose reduction from 5 to 4 mg/kg. Paired PK studies indicated no interaction between L-DOX and valspodar, and a 49% increase in the median half-life of paclitaxel. Two partial and one minor remissions were noted. CONCLUSIONS The use of valspodar necessitated dose reductions of DP, with neutropenia being dose limiting. Valspodar PK interactions were observed with paclitaxel but not L-DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Advani
- Oncology Division, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5151, USA
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24
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Warmann SW, Heitmann H, Teichmann B, Gratz KF, Ruck P, Hunger M, Fuchs J. Effects of P-glycoprotein modulation on the chemotherapy of xenotransplanted human hepatoblastoma. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2005; 22:373-86. [PMID: 16020127 DOI: 10.1080/08880010590964192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) contributes to limited treatment results in human hepatoblastoma (HB). The MDR1 gene and its product P-glycoprotein (P-gP) has been identified as important factor in this development. In other tumors, P-gP modulation leads to a restored chemosensitivity of the cells. The aim of this study was to analyze the P-gP-modulating effects of PSC 833, a cyclosporine derivate, and verapamil on the chemotherapy of HB in vivo. HB from 2 patients were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice NMRI (nu/nu). Animals were divided into 7 groups: Group 1 (Control); Group 2 (CDDP); Group 3 (DOXO); Group 4 (DOXO + verapamil); Group 5 (DOXO + PSC 833); Group 6 (CDDP + verapamil); and Group 7 (CDDP + PSC 833). If DOXO was administered (regardless of the combination), the dose was two times 60 mg/m2. If CDDP was administered, the dose was two times 27 mg/m2. When the chemosensitizers were administered, the doses for PSC 833 and for verapamil were four times 5 mg/kg body-weight. In the combined treatment groups the chemosensitizers were given ten minutes prior to CDDP and DOXO. Tumor volume developments and a-fetoprotein (AFP) alterations were assessed. Relative expression levels of the MDR1 gene after treatment were determined using a semiquantitative rT-PCR approach. In a mixed HB, both chemosensitizers combined with DOXO or CDDP produced a significant reduction of tumor growth (p = .0001-.00063) and AFP levels (p = .0006-.0128) compared to tumors treated with DOXO or CDDP only. Treatment results were identical to those in a less differentiated pure embryonal HB, but only in one case (DOXO + PSC 833, p = .031) significant. The chemosensitizers had no influence on the MDR1 gene expression. MDR1 modulators improve the efficiency of DOXO and CDDP treatment in xenotransplanted HB. They do not induce a further increase of drug resistance in the tumors. The data provide evidence that chemosensitizers might improve treatment results in patients with advanced or relapsed HB.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/drug effects
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, MDR/drug effects
- Genes, MDR/genetics
- Hepatoblastoma/drug therapy
- Hepatoblastoma/ultrastructure
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/ultrastructure
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Warmann
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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25
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Wang J, Goh B, Lu W, Zhang Q, Chang A, Liu XY, Tan TMC, Lee H. In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Stealth Liposomes Co-encapsulating Doxorubicin and Verapamil on Doxorubicin-Resistant Tumor Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:822-8. [PMID: 15863886 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to successful clinical cancer chemotherapy. A novel doxorubicin anti-resistant Stealth liposomes (DARSLs), prepared by co-encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) and verapamil (VER) into stealth liposomes, has been developed. The average particle size of DARSLs was 118.1+/-22.3 nm. Encapsulation efficiencies of DOX and VER in DARSLs were greater than 95% and 70%, respectively. The IC(50) of DARSLs as measured by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in multidrug resistant rat prostate cancer Mat-LyLu-B2 (MLLB2) cells was 0.079+/-0.017 microM, 13 fold less than that for liposomal DOX with free VER (LDFV 0.96+/-0.46 microM) but only about 2 times less than FDFV. The IC(50) cytotoxicity on MLLB2 cells of the various formulations was as follows: DARSLs approximately LDLV<FDFV<FDLV<LDFV<LD<FD, (LD: liposomal DOX; LV: liposomal VER; FD: free DOX; FV: free VER). Similar cytotoxicities were shown between DARSLs and FDFV in DOX-resistant human uterus sarcoma MES-SA/DX5 cells, reversing DOX-resistance to that shown by FD on DOX-sensitive MES-SA cells. For MLLB2 cells, DARSLs was the most cytotoxic, but its intracellular concentration of DOX, measured as mean cellular fluorescence with flow cytometry was lower (p<0.01) than that observed with the FDFV formulation. In conclusion, DARSLs was an effective DOX formulation which could overcome drug resistance in DOX-resistant tumor cells, but its mechanisms of action may be complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- JianCheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore
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26
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Vail DM, Amantea MA, Colbern GT, Martin FJ, Hilger RA, Working PK. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin: Proof of principle using preclinical animal models and pharmacokinetic studies. Semin Oncol 2004; 31:16-35. [PMID: 15717736 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation of doxorubicin in polyethylene glycol-coated liposomes (Doxil/Caelyx [PLD]), was developed to enhance the safety and efficacy of conventional doxorubicin. The liposomes alter pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic parameters of conventional doxorubicin so that drug delivery to the tumor is enhanced while toxicity normally associated with conventional doxorubicin is decreased. In animals and humans, pharmacokinetic advantages of PLD include an increased area under the plasma concentration-time curve, longer distribution half-life, smaller volume of distribution, and reduced clearance. In preclinical models, PLD produced remission and cure against many cancers including tumors of the breast, lung, ovaries, prostate, colon, bladder, and pancreas, as well as lymphoma, sarcoma, and myeloma. It was also found to be effective as adjuvant therapy. In addition, it was found to cross the blood-brain barrier and induce remission in tumors of the central nervous system. Increased potency over conventional doxorubicin was observed and, in contrast to conventional doxorubicin, PLD was equally effective against low- and high-growth fraction tumors. The combination of PLD with vincristine or trastuzumab resulted in additive effects and possible synergy. PLD appeared to overcome multidrug resistance, possibly as the result of increased intracellular concentrations and an interaction between the liposome and P-glycoprotein function. On the basis of pharmacokinetic and preclinical studies, PLD, either alone or as part of combination therapy, has potential applications to treat a variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Vail
- Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, USA
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27
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Aoki S, Cao L, Matsui K, Rachmat R, Akiyama SI, Kobayashi M. Kendarimide A, a novel peptide reversing P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in tumor cells, from a marine sponge of Haliclona sp. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Carrion C, de Madariaga MA, Domingo JC. In vitro cytotoxic study of immunoliposomal doxorubicin targeted to human CD34+ leukemic cells. Life Sci 2004; 75:313-28. [PMID: 15135652 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2003] [Accepted: 12/11/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The expression of CD34 antigen in acute myelogenous leukemias is considered an unfavourable prognosis marker for response to anticancer drugs and duration of remission. This study investigated the applicability of long-circulating immunoliposomes loaded with doxorubicin targeted to CD34 antigen present on MDR(+) human myelogenous leukemia KG-1a cell line. Immunoliposomal doxorubicin showed a higher cytotoxicity against KG-1a cells than non-targeted liposomal doxorubicin, but it did not improve over that of free drug. Although no reversal of doxorubicin resistance was found to occur through its liposomal encapsulation, a therapeutic benefit can be obtained by the selective cytotoxicity observed. Endocytosis studies demonstrated that, after binding to CD34 antigen, the immunoliposomes are not internalized by the KG-1a cells and so the cytotoxic effect might be due to drug released into the space near the cell membrane. Thus, immunotargeting of liposomal doxorubicin to CD34(+) leukemic cells may only provide an ex vivo strategy for site-selective CD34(+) leukemia cell killing.
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MESH Headings
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacokinetics
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antigens, CD34/immunology
- Capsules
- Cell Division
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/pharmacokinetics
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Carriers
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Endocytosis/drug effects
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Immunochemistry
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Liposomes
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Particle Size
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Affiliation(s)
- C Carrion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona. Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Raghunand N, Mahoney BP, Gillies RJ. Tumor acidity, ion trapping and chemotherapeutics. II. pH-dependent partition coefficients predict importance of ion trapping on pharmacokinetics of weakly basic chemotherapeutic agents. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 66:1219-29. [PMID: 14505801 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ion-trapping theory predicts that alkalinization of tumor extracellular pH will enhance the anti-tumor activity of weak-base chemotherapeutics. We have previously demonstrated that chronic and acute treatment of tumor-bearing mice with sodium bicarbonate results in tumor-specific alkalinization of extracellular pH. Furthermore, bicarbonate pretreatment enhances the anti-tumor activity of doxorubicin and mitoxantrone in two different mouse tumor models. Previous work has indicated subtle, yet significant differences between the pH sensitivities of the biodistribution and anti-tumor efficacies of doxorubicin and mitoxantrone in vitro. The present study demonstrates that systemic alkalinization selectively enhances tumor uptake of radiolabeled mitoxantrone, but not doxorubicin. Results using these two drugs are quantitatively and qualitatively very different, and can be explained on the basis of differences in the octanol-water partition coefficients of their charged forms. These results suggest that inducing metabolic alkalosis in patients would have a positive effect on response to mitoxantrone therapy. However, the therapeutic index would not increase if sodium bicarbonate also caused increased retention of mitoxantrone in susceptible normal tissues in the host. The major dose-limiting organ systems for mitoxantrone are heart, liver, bone marrow, spleen and blood cells. Bicarbonate was found to have no significant effect on the distribution of mitoxantrone to any of these tissues except for spleen. However, neither spleen weights nor lymphocyte counts were adversely affected by NaHCO(3) pretreatment, indicating that this co-therapy does not enhance myelosuppression due to mitoxantrone therapy. These findings suggest that metabolic alkalosis would produce a net gain in mitoxantrone therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Raghunand
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology Program, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ 85724-5024, USA.
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30
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Lopes de Menezes DE, Hu Y, Mayer LD. Combined treatment of Bcl-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (G3139), p-glycoprotein inhibitor (PSC833), and sterically stabilized liposomal doxorubicin suppresses growth of drug-resistant growth of drug-resistant breast cancer in severely combined immunodeficient mice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS AND ONCOLOGY 2003; 3:72-82. [PMID: 12822513 DOI: 10.1046/j.1359-4117.2003.01075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We studied the possibility of increasing sensitization of drug-resistant MDA435/LCC6 multidrug-resistant (MDR) human breast cancer cells to doxorubicin (DOX) by increasing cellular drug retention with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor PSC833 in combination with induction of cell death through down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein using Bcl-2 antisense (G3139). In in vitro cytotoxicity assays, the combination of G3139 with DOX exhibited 40% increased cytotoxicity in both wild-type (WT) and MDR cells. PSC833 increased the cytotoxicity of DOX and Taxol with complete and partial reversal of the resistance of MDR cells to DOX and Taxol, respectively. The presence of G3139 did not increase the cytotoxicity of PSC833 combined with DOX or Taxol in both cell lines. In vivo studies with WT and MDR cell lines transplanted into severely combined immunodeficient mice demonstrated that G3139 (5 mg/kg) was able to suppress the growth of both WT and MDR tumors to an equivalent extent. PSC833 (100 mg/kg) partially restored the sensitivity of resistant tumors to DOX, and the combination of G3139 and PSC833 with liposomal DOX showed maximum growth suppression of MDR tumors compared with individual treatments. The improved efficacy of this treatment was attributed to Bcl-2 antisense-induced apoptosis, combined with cellular retention of DOX in tumor cells via P-gp blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Lopes de Menezes
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics, B.C. Cancer Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
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31
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Sadava D, Coleman A, Kane SE. Liposomal daunorubicin overcomes drug resistance in human breast, ovarian and lung carcinoma cells. J Liposome Res 2002; 12:301-9. [PMID: 12519627 DOI: 10.1081/lpr-120016196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance due in part to membrane pumps such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a major clinical problem in human cancers. We tested the ability of liposomally-encapsulated daunorubicin (DR) to overcome resistance to this drug. A widely used breast carcinoma cell line originally selected for resistance in doxorubicin (MCF7ADR) was 4-fold resistant to DR compared to the parent MCF7 cells (IC50 79 nM vs. 20 nM). Ovarian carcinoma cells (SKOV3) were made resistant by retroviral transduction of MDR1 cDNA and selection in vinblastine. The resulting SKOV3MGP1 cells were 130-fold resistant to DR compared to parent cells (IC50 5700 nM vs. 44 nM). Small-cell lung carcinoma cells (H69VP) originally selected for resistance to etoposide were 6-fold resistant to DR compared to H69 parent cells (IC50 180 nM vs. 30 nM). In all three cases, encapsulation of DR in liposomes as Daunoxome (Gilead) did not change the IC50 of parent cells relative to free DR. However, liposomal DR overcame resistance in MCF7ADR breast carcinoma cells (IC50 20 nM), SKOV3MGP1 ovarian carcinoma cells (IC50 237 nM) and H69VP small-cell lung carcinoma cells (IC50 27 nM). Empty liposomes did not affect the IC50 for free DR in the three resistant cell lines, nor did empty liposomes affect the IC50 for other drugs that are part of the multi-drug resistance phenotype (etoposide, vincristine) in lung carcinoma cells. These data indicate the possible value of liposomal DR in overcoming Pgp-mediated drug resistance in human cancer.
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32
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Warmann S, Hunger M, Teichmann B, Flemming P, Gratz KF, Fuchs J. The role of the MDR1 gene in the development of multidrug resistance in human hepatoblastoma: clinical course and in vivo model. Cancer 2002; 95:1795-801. [PMID: 12365029 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.10858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The P-glyprotein (P-gp), which is a membrane channel encoded by the MDR1 gene, represents a possible explanation for multidrug resistance in human hepatoblastoma (HB). P-gp shows up-regulation in tumor cells after chemotherapy; however, to date, its exact role in HB has not been described. The authors investigated the role of the MDR1 gene in the clinical course of patients with HB and in an in vivo model of HB. They also studied the effects of the MDR1 antagonizer PSC 833 on chemotherapy in mice xenotransplanted with HB. METHODS Resected tumor specimens, including both primary tumors and recurrent tumors, from a child suffering from HB were investigated histologically. Cell suspensions from the originally removed tumor were incorporated subcutaneously into nude mice. Animals were treated with cisplatin (CDDP) plus PSC 833. MDR1 gene expression levels in the different resected tumors from the patient and in the xenotransplants after treatment were determined with polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS MDR1 gene expression was increased in the patient's tumors after every course of chemotherapy from 30% to > 190%. In the xenotransplants, MDR1 gene expression was enhanced significantly after chemotherapy (P(CDDP) = 0.008; P(CDDP+PSC) = 0.002). Tumor volumes (P < 0.001) and serum alpha-fetoprotein levels (P = 0.0002) were significantly lower in the animals that were treated with CDDP + PSC compared with the animals that were treated with CDDP alone. CONCLUSIONS The current results suggest that MDR1 gene expression and P-gp are a potential mechanism of drug resistance in HB. The chemosensitizer PSC 833 significantly improved the effects of chemotherapy in animals xenotransplanted with HB. These data encourage further studies concerning the role of chemosensitizers in overcoming multidrug resistance in patients with HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Warmann
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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33
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Harrington KJ. Liposomal cancer chemotherapy: current clinical applications and future prospects. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2001; 10:1045-61. [PMID: 11772234 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.10.6.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K J Harrington
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Rd, London SW3 6JB, UK
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34
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Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a two-dimensional simulation platform for the transport of doxorubicin to the hepatoma. To examine the temporal and spatial variation of doxorubicin concentration and its penetration into the tumor and the surrounding normal tissues. METHODS Simulations are carried out with Fluent/UNS using the finite volume method to obtain the interstitial fluid pressure, velocity, and concentration profiles. RESULTS Interstitial fluid pressure in the tumor and core reaches a steady state value in about 800 s, corresponding well with the assumed time scale for interstitial matrix fluid percolation (-1,000 s). There is a strong correlation between the drug concentration in the interstitial space of tumor and blood plasma for time >> 1 h. Concentration of doxorubicin is highest in the viable zone of the tumor at early times and in the necrotic core at later times, and lowest in the surrounding normal tissues. Diffusion is the dominant form of transport for doxorubicin. CONCLUSIONS Varying the volume of solution injected, while keeping the dosage the same, does not cause significant changes in the amount and distribution of drug in the tumor. A higher vascular exchange area leads to higher concentrations of drug in the tumor. Lymphatic drainage in the tumor causes negligible reductions in the mean concentrations in all three different zones. Cellular metabolism and DNA binding kinetics decrease the mean concentrations of drug by about 15 to 40%, as compared to the baseline case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Goh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering National University of Singapore
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35
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Abstract
After two decades of work in liposomal formulations for clinical use, two preparations containing doxorubicin (Doxil, ALZA, Pablo Alto, CA; and Evacet, The Liposome Company, Princeton, NJ), and one containing daunorubicin (DaunoXome; Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA) have been undergoing widespread clinical study. Results have lived up to the promise that liposomal encapsulation may lead to toxicity attenuation, while retaining or even enhancing the efficacy of the parent anthracyclines. The eventual role of these agents in clinical practice is being defined in a number of studies that are reviewed herein. Already, approved indications have been achieved for doxorubicin against Kaposi's sarcoma and ovarian cancers, and for daunorubicin against Kaposi's sarcoma. The three compounds vary widely in their pharmacology, and these differences may contribute to their preferential localization into certain tumors. Additional indications for these liposomal encapsulated anthracyclines are likely to be established in the ensuing years.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Muggia
- New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Literature alerts. J Microencapsul 2000; 17:519-34. [PMID: 10898091 DOI: 10.1080/026520400405769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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