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Yildirim M, Mutlu I, Candan Z. Development and characterization of smart composites reinforced with fibrillated cellulose and nickel-titanium alloy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131189. [PMID: 38554924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The current study presents the synergistic effects of fibrillated cellulose (FC) and nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy on the performance properties of smart composites. Epoxy resin was reinforced with loadings of 1 %, 3 %, and 5 % FC and 3 % NiTi. The composites were produced using the casting method. The morphological properties have been analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For mechanical properties, yield strength, modulus of elasticity, hardness, and impact energy were determined. The corrosion rate was determined via electrochemical corrosion testing. The recovery test was used to measure the shape-memory of the composites. The self-healing of the artificial defect in the composites was observed using a thermal camera. The yield strength, modulus of elasticity, hardness, and impact energy of composites reinforced with 5 % FC and 3 % NiTi increased by 168.2 %, 290 %, 33.3 %, and 114.3 %, respectively, compared to pure epoxy resin. There has been a 56.3 % decrease in the corrosion rate. The percentage of composites that returned from the final state to the original state after a deformation was 4 %. Self-healing analysis revealed that the scratch defect in composites was healed after 24 h. It is concluded that smart composites can be used in the aviation and automotive industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Yildirim
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Istanbul Gelisim University, 34310 Istanbul, Türkiye; New Generation Entrepreneurship and Innovation Application and Research Center, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Ilven Mutlu
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeki Candan
- Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34473 Istanbul, Türkiye; Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group & BioNanoTeam, Istanbul, Türkiye
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2
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Keeling NM, Wallisch M, Johnson J, Le HH, Vu HH, Jordan KR, Puy C, Tucker EI, Nguyen KP, McCarty OJT, Aslan JE, Hinds MT, Anderson DEJ. Pharmacologic targeting of coagulation factors XII and XI by monoclonal antibodies reduces thrombosis in nitinol stents under flow. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:1433-1446. [PMID: 38331196 PMCID: PMC11055672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular implantable devices, such as vascular stents, are critical for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, their success is dependent on robust and often long-term antithrombotic therapies. Yet, the current standard-of-care therapies often pose significant bleeding risks to patients. Coagulation factor (F)XI and FXII have emerged as potentially safe and efficacious targets to safely reduce pathologic thrombin generation in medical devices. OBJECTIVES To study the efficacy of monoclonal antibody-targeting FXII and FXI of the contact pathway in preventing vascular device-related thrombosis. METHODS The effects of inhibition of FXII and FXI using function-blocking monoclonal antibodies were examined in a nonhuman primate model of nitinol stent-related thrombosis under arterial and venous flow conditions. RESULTS We found that function-blocking antibodies of FXII and FXI reduced markers of stent-induced thrombosis in vitro and ex vivo. However, FXI inhibition resulted in more effective mitigation of thrombosis markers under varied flow conditions. CONCLUSION This work provides further support for the translation of contact pathway of coagulation inhibitors for their adjunctive clinical use with cardiovascular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novella M Keeling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
| | - Michael Wallisch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Aronora Inc, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jennifer Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hillary H Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Helen H Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kelley R Jordan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Cristina Puy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Erik I Tucker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Aronora Inc, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Khanh P Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Monica T Hinds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Deirdre E J Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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Uhlig K, Bruk S, Fischer M, Henkel K, Brinkmann F, Körbitz R, Hüttner R, Pietsch M, Hempel P, Spickenheuer A, Stommel M, Richter A, Hampe J. Design, simulation and experimental analysis of a monolithic bending section for enhanced maneuverability of single use laparoscopic devices. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3309. [PMID: 38331975 PMCID: PMC10853523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Standard laparoscopes, which are widely used in minimally invasive surgery, have significant handling limitations due to their rigid design. This paper presents an approach for a bending section for laparoscopes based on a standard semi-finished tube made of Nitinol with laser-cut flexure hinges. Flexure hinges simply created from a semi-finished product are a key element for realizing low-cost compliant structures with minimal design space. Superelastic materials such as Nitinol allow the reversible strain required for this purpose while maintaining sufficient strength in abuse load cases. This paper focuses on the development of a bending section for single use laparoscopic devices (OD 10 mm) with a bending angle of 100°, which enables the application of 100 µm diameter Nitinol actuator wires. For this purpose, constructive measures to realise a required bending curvature and Finite Element Analysis for determining the strain distribution in the flexural region are applied and described for the design of the flexure hinges. In parallel, the influence of the laser-based manufacturing process on the microstructure is investigated and evaluated using micrographs. The deformation behavior of the bending section is experimentally determined using Digital Image Correlation. The required actuation forces and the failure load of the monolithic bending section is measured and compared to a state of the art riveted bending section made of stainless steel. With the developed monolothic bending section the actuation force could be reduced by 50% and the available inner diameter could be increased by 10% while avoiding the need of any assembly step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Uhlig
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute of Polymer Materials, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sascha Bruk
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute of Polymer Materials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthieu Fischer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute of Polymer Materials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Konrad Henkel
- Chair of Microsystems, Dresden University of Technology, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franz Brinkmann
- Department of Medicine I, Dresden University of Technology, University Hospital Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - René Körbitz
- Chair of Microsystems, Dresden University of Technology, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ronny Hüttner
- Chair of Microsystems, Dresden University of Technology, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Malte Pietsch
- Chair of Microsystems, Dresden University of Technology, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Axel Spickenheuer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute of Polymer Materials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Stommel
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute of Polymer Materials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Chair of Polymer Materials, Dresden University of Technology, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Richter
- Chair of Microsystems, Dresden University of Technology, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Medicine I, Dresden University of Technology, University Hospital Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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Alipour S, Taromian F, Ghomi ER, Zare M, Singh S, Ramakrishna S. Nitinol: From historical milestones to functional properties and biomedical applications. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2022; 236:1595-1612. [DOI: 10.1177/09544119221123176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Isoatomic NiTi alloy (Nitinol) has become an important biomaterial due to its unique characteristics, including shape memory effect, superelasticity, and high damping. Nitinol has been widely used in the biomedical field, including orthopedics, vascular stents, orthodontics, and other medical devices. However, there have been convicting views about the biocompatibility of Nitinol. Some studies have shown that Nitinol has extremely low cytotoxicity, indicating Nitinol has good biocompatibility. However, some studies have shown that the in-vivo corrosion resistance of Nitinol significantly decreases. This comprehensive paper discusses the historical developments of Nitinol, its biomedical applications, and its specific functional property. These render the suitability of Nitinol for such biomedical applications and provide insights into its in vivo and in vitro biocompatibility in the physiological environment and the antimicrobial strategies that can be applied to enhance its biocompatibility. Although 3D metal printing is still immature and Nitinol medical materials are difficult to be processed, Nitinol biomaterials have excellent potential and commercial value for 3D printing. However, there are still significant problems in the processing of Nitinol and improving its biocompatibility. With the deepening of research and continuous progress in surface modification and coating technology, a series of medical devices made from Nitinol are expected to be released soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Alipour
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Farzaneh Taromian
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Rezvani Ghomi
- Center for nanotechnology and sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mina Zare
- Center for nanotechnology and sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sunpreet Singh
- Center for nanotechnology and sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for nanotechnology and sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Hanawa T. Biocompatibility of titanium from the viewpoint of its surface. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:457-472. [PMID: 35990790 PMCID: PMC9389932 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2106156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Among metals, Ti and majority of its alloys exhibit excellent biocompatibility or tissue compatibility. Although their high corrosion resistance is a factor in the biocompatibility of Ti and Ti alloys, it is clear that other factors exist. In this review, the corrosion resistance and passive film of Ti are compared to those of other metallic biomaterials, and their band gap energies, Egs, are compared to discuss the role of Eg in the reactivity with living tissues. From the perspective of the material's surface, it is possible to explain the excellent biocompatibility of Ti by considering the following factors: Ti ions are immediately stabilized not to show toxicity if it is released to body fluids; good balance of positive and negative charges by the dissociation of surface hydroxyl groups on the passive film; low electrostatic force of the passive film inducing a natural adsorption of proteins maintaining their natural conformation; strong property as n-type semiconductor; lower band gap energy of the passive film on Ti generating optimal reactivity; and calcium phosphate formation is caused by this reactivity. The results suggest that due to the passive oxide film, the optimal balance between high corrosion resistance and appropriate reactivity of Ti is the predominate solution for the excellent biocompatibility of Ti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Hanawa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Advanced Medical Engineering Research and Development, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Wishney M, Mahadevan S, Cornwell JA, Savage T, Proschogo N, Darendeliler MA, Zoellner H. Toxicity of Orthodontic Brackets Examined by Single Cell Tracking. TOXICS 2022; 10:460. [PMID: 36006139 PMCID: PMC9413677 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Subtle toxic effects may be masked in traditional assays that average or summate the response of thousands of cells. We overcome this by using the recent method of single cell tracking in time-lapse recordings. This follows the fate and behavior of individual cells and their progeny and provides unambiguous results for multiple simultaneous biological responses. Further, single cell tracking permits correlation between progeny relationships and cell behavior that is not otherwise possible, including disruption by toxins and toxicants of similarity between paired sister cells. Notably, single cell tracking seems not to have been previously used to study biomaterials toxicity. The culture medium was pre-conditioned by 79 days incubation with orthodontic brackets from seven separate commercial sources. Metal levels were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Metal levels varied amongst conditioned media, with elevated Cr, Mn, Ni, and Cu and often Mo, Pb, Zn, Pd, and Ag were occasionally found. The effect on human dermal fibroblasts was determined by single cell tracking. All bracket-conditioned media reduced cell division (p < 0.05), while some reduced cell migration (p < 0.05). Most bracket-conditioned media increased the rate of asynchronous sister cell division (p < 0.05), a seemingly novel measure for toxicity. No clear effect on cell morphology was seen. We conclude that orthodontic brackets have cytotoxic effects, and that single cell tracking is effective for the study of subtle biomaterials cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Wishney
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Swarna Mahadevan
- The Cellular and Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - James Anthony Cornwell
- The Cellular and Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tom Savage
- School of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nick Proschogo
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - M. Ali Darendeliler
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Hans Zoellner
- The Cellular and Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- Strongarch Pty Ltd., Pennant Hills, NSW 2120, Australia
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Abstract
To solve the problems of complex structure, poor reliability, and low intelligence of existing fan clutches for large hybrid vehicles, this paper proposes a new adaptive shape memory alloy intelligent fan clutch for large hybrid vehicle motor cooling. Based on the pure shear shape memory alloy thermodynamic effects, the relationship between shape memory alloy spring recovery force and temperature has been established; based on the shape memory alloy spring thermal drive characteristics and clutch construction dimensions, clutch torque transmission equations have been established. The shape memory alloy fan clutch transmission characteristics were quantitatively analyzed in terms of temperature, torque, rotational speed, and slip rate. The results show that the shape memory alloy fan clutch model based on the finite element method (FEM) and the established transmission model can accurately describe the mechanical characteristics of the shape memory alloy phase change process and the clutch torque transmission characteristics. When the clutch input speed is 3000 rad/min and the temperature is 100 °C, the output torque is 19.04 N·m, the speed is 2877.2 rad/min, and the slip rate is 4.3%. Due to the shape memory effect of shape memory alloy, the clutch can intelligently adjust the fan speed by sensing the ambient temperature. A fan clutch can satisfy the heat dissipation requirement of a large hybrid vehicle’s transmission system under complicated road conditions.
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Sussman EM, Shi H, Turner PA, Saylor DM, Weaver JD, Simon DD, Takmakov P, Sivan S, Shin HY, Di Prima MA, Godar DE. Nitinol Release of Nickel under Physiological Conditions: Effects of Surface Oxide, pH, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Sodium Hypochlorite. SHAPE MEMORY AND SUPERELASTICITY : ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 8:98-106. [PMID: 37720627 PMCID: PMC10502700 DOI: 10.1007/s40830-022-00364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitinol is a nickel-titanium alloy widely used in medical devices for its unique pseudoelastic and shape-memory properties. However, nitinol can release potentially hazardous amounts of nickel, depending on surface manufacturing yielding different oxide thicknesses and compositions. Furthermore, nitinol medical devices can be implanted throughout the body and exposed to extremes in pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS), but few tools exist for evaluating nickel release under such physiological conditions. Even in cardiovascular applications, where nitinol medical devices are relatively common and the blood environment is well understood, there is a lack of information on how local inflammatory conditions after implantation might affect nickel ion release. For this study, nickel release from nitinol wires of different finishes was measured in pH conditions and at ROS concentrations selected to encompass and exceed literature reports of extracellular pH and ROS. Results showed increased nickel release at levels of pH and ROS reported to be physiological, with decreasing pH and increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and NaOCl/HOCl having the greatest effects. The results support the importance of considering the implantation site when designing studies to predict nickel release from nitinol and underscore the value of understanding the chemical milieu at the device-tissue interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Sussman
- Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA
| | - Huiyu Shi
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA
| | - Paul A. Turner
- Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA
| | - David M. Saylor
- Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA
| | - Jason D. Weaver
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA
| | - David D. Simon
- Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA
| | - Pavel Takmakov
- Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA
| | - Shiril Sivan
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA
| | - Hainsworth Y. Shin
- Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA
| | - Matthew A. Di Prima
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA
| | - Dianne E. Godar
- Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA
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Metallic Implants Used in Lumbar Interbody Fusion. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103650. [PMID: 35629676 PMCID: PMC9146470 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, pedicle fixation systems have evolved and modifications in spinal fusion techniques have been developed to increase fusion rates and improve clinical outcomes after lumbar interbody fusion (LIF). Regarding materials used for screw and rod manufacturing, metals, especially titanium alloys, are the most popular resources. In the case of pedicle screws, that biomaterial can be also doped with hydroxyapatite, CaP, ECM, or tantalum. Other materials used for rod fabrication include cobalt-chromium alloys and nitinol (nickel-titanium alloy). In terms of mechanical properties, the ideal implant used in LIF should have high tensile and fatigue strength, Young's modulus similar to that of the bone, and should be 100% resistant to corrosion to avoid mechanical failures. On the other hand, a comprehensive understanding of cellular and molecular pathways is essential to identify preferable characteristics of implanted biomaterial to obtain fusion and avoid implant loosening. Implanted material elicits a biological response driven by immune cells at the site of insertion. These reactions are subdivided into innate (primary cellular response with no previous exposure) and adaptive (a specific type of reaction induced after earlier exposure to the antigen) and are responsible for wound healing, fusion, and also adverse reactions, i.e., hypersensitivity. The main purposes of this literature review are to summarize the physical and mechanical properties of metal alloys used for spinal instrumentation in LIF which include fatigue strength, Young's modulus, and corrosion resistance. Moreover, we also focused on describing biological response after their implantation into the human body. Our review paper is mainly focused on titanium, cobalt-chromium, nickel-titanium (nitinol), and stainless steel alloys.
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Recent progress in advanced biomaterials for long-acting reversible contraception. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:138. [PMID: 35300702 PMCID: PMC8932341 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Unintended pregnancy is a global issue with serious ramifications for women, their families, and society, including abortion, infertility, and maternal death. Although existing contraceptive strategies have been widely used in people's lives, there have not been satisfactory feedbacks due to low contraceptive efficacy and related side effects (e.g., decreased sexuality, menstrual cycle disorder, and even lifelong infertility). In recent years, biomaterials-based long-acting reversible contraception has received increasing attention from the viewpoint of fundamental research and practical applications mainly owing to improved delivery routes and controlled drug delivery. This review summarizes recent progress in advanced biomaterials for long-acting reversible contraception via various delivery routes, including subcutaneous implant, transdermal patch, oral administration, vaginal ring, intrauterine device, fallopian tube occlusion, vas deferens contraception, and Intravenous administration. In addition, biomaterials, especially nanomaterials, still need to be improved and prospects for the future in contraception are mentioned.
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Catinon M, Roux E, Auroux A, Trunfio-Sfarghiu AM, Lauro-Colleaux C, Watkin E, Sournies G, Vincent M. Confirmation of the systematic presence of tin particles in fallopian tubes or uterine horns of Essure implant explanted patients: A study of 18 cases with the same pathological process. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 69:126891. [PMID: 34749033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between local and systemic symptoms and the wear of the tin weld of Essure implants. DESIGN study of a series of cases. SETTINGS Two French hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen patients explanted by hysterectomy and salpingectomy for removal of their Essure implants between September 2019 and July 2020, have had a common anatomopathological process. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES anatomopathological examination by optical microscopy and mineralogical analysis of the fallopian tube or uterine horn with scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). Evaluation of local and systemic symptoms with a questionnaire. Examination of blood metal assays (nickel, chromium, and tin). RESULTS anatomopathological examination highlights foreign body granulomas, fibrosis, adenomyosis, nonspecific inflammation, cysts and myomas in the Fallopian tubes, uterine horns, or both and mentions the presence of foreign bodies in seven cases. SEM-EDX analyses showed, systematically, the presence of tin particles integrated in the wall near the weld, generally in clusters, and with a size ranging from about one micron to several dozen microns. The questionnaire shows that the most frequent local symptoms were pelvic pain, urinary disorders, bleeding, and pains during intercourse. The most common systemic symptoms were: asthenia, visual disturbances, amnesia, giddiness, dorsal pains, headaches, and joint pains. The majority of local and systemic symptoms decreased after explantation, but sometimes incompletely. Before explantation, high levels of nickel, tin and chromium were observed in 11/17, 1/7 and 2/17 patients. After explantation, tin levels were high in 3/11 patients. CONCLUSIONS our new anatomopathological process systematically demonstrates the presence of tin particles in tissue near the weld. These particles could be responsible for granulomatous inflammations as well as local symptoms. Many of the systemic symptoms are consistent with chronic organotin poisoning but further studies are needed to find out whether tin from the solder can be converted to organotin in the patients' bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Catinon
- Minapath Developpement, Insavalor CS : 52132, 69603, Villeurbanne, France
| | - E Roux
- Minapath Developpement, Insavalor CS : 52132, 69603, Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Auroux
- IRCELYON UMR 5256, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - C Lauro-Colleaux
- Laboratoire Technipath, 41 allée des Cyprès, 69760, Limonest, France
| | - E Watkin
- Laboratoire Cypath, 201 Route de Genas, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - G Sournies
- Natecia Service de gynécologie, 28 Avenue Rockfeller, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - M Vincent
- Minapath Developpement, Insavalor CS : 52132, 69603, Villeurbanne, France.
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A Critical Appraisal of the Use and Properties of Nickel-Titanium Dental Alloys. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247859. [PMID: 34947453 PMCID: PMC8703947 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires are used in dentistry for orthodontic treatment. NiTi alloys have favourable mechanical characteristics, such as superelasticity and shape memory, and are also known as a corrosion-resistant alloy. In specific cases, an archwire could be attacked by certain types of corrosion or wear degradation, which can cause the leaching of metal ions and a hypersensitive response due to increased concentrations of Ni in the human body. A systematic search of the literature retrieved 102 relevant studies. The review paper focuses on three main fields: (i) electrochemical properties of NiTi wires and the effect of different environments on the properties of NiTi wires (fluoride and low pH); (ii) tribocorrosion, a combination of chemical and mechanical wear of the material, and (iii) the biocompatibility of NiTi alloy and its subsequent effect on the human body. The review showed that corrosion properties are affected by microstructure, pH of saliva and the presence of fluorides. A high variation in published results should be, therefore, interpreted with care. The release of nickel ions was assessed using the same unit, showing that the vast majority of metal ions were released in the first few days of exposure, then a stable, steady state was reached. In tribocorrosion studies, the increased concentrations of Ni ions were reported.
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13
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Wei X, Zhang Y, Ju F, Guo H, Chen B, Wu H. Design and analysis of a continuum robot for transnasal skull base surgery. Int J Med Robot 2021; 17:e2328. [PMID: 34467622 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The traditional surgical instruments for transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery have poor flexibility and continuum robot has attracted extensive attention for its high dexterity and safety. METHODS A new type of micro continuum surgical robot is designed. On the basis of kinematic analysis, a superposition method is proposed to analyse the reachable configuration space of the system, and the workspace is analysed. The results obtained by superposition method can provide reference for the selection of joint parameters. At last, the static model of the system is established considering friction and coupling between two segments. RESULTS The simulation results show that the workspace can meet the requirements of surgery. And the validity of the static model is verified by numerical simulation and experiment, which lays a foundation for the establishment of the driving force transmission system and precise control of the robot. CONCLUSIONS The research results of this study contribute to the real-time control and movement of robot. The proposed continuum robot provides convenient conditions for the clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Wei
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingxuan Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Ju
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Guo
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Bai Chen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongtao Wu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment Technology, Nanjing, China
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14
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Primožič J, Poljšak B, Jamnik P, Kovač V, Čanadi Jurešić G, Spalj S. Risk Assessment of Oxidative Stress Induced by Metal Ions Released from Fixed Orthodontic Appliances during Treatment and Indications for Supportive Antioxidant Therapy: A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1359. [PMID: 34572993 PMCID: PMC8471328 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances could have an important role in the induction of oxidative stress and associated negative consequences. Because of the simultaneous effects of corrosion, deformation, friction, and mechanical stress on fixed orthodontic appliances during treatment, degradation of orthodontic brackets and archwires occurs, causing higher concentrations of metal ions in the oral cavity. Corroded appliances cause the release of metal ions, which may lead to the increased values of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to metal-catalyzed free radical reactions. Chromium, iron, nickel, cobalt, titanium, and molybdenum all belong to the group of transition metals that can be subjected to redox reactions to form ROS. The estimation of health risk due to the amount of heavy metals released and the level of selected parameters of oxidative stress generated for the time of treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances is presented. Approaches to avoid oxidative stress and recommendations for the preventive use of topical or systemic antioxidants during orthodontic treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Primožič
- Department of Orthodontics and Jaw Orthopedics, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Borut Poljšak
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Polona Jamnik
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Vito Kovač
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Gordana Čanadi Jurešić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Stjepan Spalj
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
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15
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Stepputat VN, Zeidler H, Safranchik D, Strokin E, Böttger-Hiller F. Investigation of Post-Processing of Additively Manufactured Nitinol Smart Springs with Plasma-Electrolytic Polishing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4093. [PMID: 34361284 PMCID: PMC8347378 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing of Nitinol is a promising field, as it can circumvent the challenges associated with its conventional production processes and unlock unique advantages. However, the accompanying surface features such as powder adhesions, spatters, ballings, or oxide discolorations are undesirable in engineering applications and therefore must be removed. Plasma electrolytic polishing (PeP) might prove to be a suitable finishing process for this purpose, but the effects of post-processing on the mechanical and functional material properties of additively manufactured Nitinol are still largely unresearched. This study seeks to address this issue. The changes on and in the part caused by PeP with processing times between 2 and 20 min are investigated using Nitinol compression springs manufactured by Laser Beam Melting. As a benchmark for the scanning electron microscope images, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, and the mechanical load test cycles, conventionally fabricated Nitinol springs of identical geometry with a medical grade polished surface are used. After 5 min of PeP, a glossy surface free of powder adhesion is achieved, which is increasingly levelled by further polishing. The shape memory properties of the material are retained without a shift in the transformation temperatures being detectable. The decreasing spring rate is primarily attributable to a reduction in the effective wire diameter. Consequently, PeP has proven to be an applicable and effective post-processing method for additively manufactured Nitinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent N. Stepputat
- Institute for Machine Elements, Engineering Design and Manufacturing (IMKF), Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Chair of Additive Manufacturing, Agricolastr. 1, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (V.N.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Henning Zeidler
- Institute for Machine Elements, Engineering Design and Manufacturing (IMKF), Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Chair of Additive Manufacturing, Agricolastr. 1, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (V.N.S.); (D.S.)
- Beckmann-Institut für Technologieentwicklung e. V., Annaberger Str. 73, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany;
| | - Daniel Safranchik
- Institute for Machine Elements, Engineering Design and Manufacturing (IMKF), Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Chair of Additive Manufacturing, Agricolastr. 1, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (V.N.S.); (D.S.)
- Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
| | - Evgeny Strokin
- Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
| | - Falko Böttger-Hiller
- Beckmann-Institut für Technologieentwicklung e. V., Annaberger Str. 73, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany;
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16
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Wang Y, Xia D, Luo X, Zhang H, Wu J, Zhou P, Xu S. Comparison of the Kirschner Wire Tension Band with a Novel Nickel-Titanium Arched Shape-Memory Alloy Connector in Transverse Patellar Fractures: A Retrospective Study. J Knee Surg 2021; 34:987-996. [PMID: 31896140 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3402802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of the nickel-titanium arched shape-memory alloy connector (hereafter referred to as the ASC) and tension band fixation for the treatment of transverse patellar fractures. We retrospectively analyzed a total of 257 patients with transverse patellar fractures who were treated at our emergency orthopaedics department from March 2010 to March 2017. Either an ASC or the Kirschner wire (K-wire) tension band had been used to treat these fractures according to surgeons' experience and preference. We compared operative details, postoperative recovery, and postoperative knee function at 6 months. In terms of surgical duration, blood loss, incision length, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications, patients in the ASC group showed significantly better results than patients in the K-wire group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of fracture healing time, knee mobility, and the Boström score at the postoperative 6-month evaluation (p > 0.05). Though, there were similar functional outcomes between two groups whose transverse patellar fractures were different methods, we found that the ASC method was a more reliable, more minimally invasive, and safer treatment option than the tension band wiring method using K-wires, resulting in less tissue damage, shorter surgical duration, shorter length of hospital stay, and fewer complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Demeng Xia
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery II, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyue Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghong Wu
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Panyu Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuogui Xu
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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17
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Titanium and Other Metal Hypersensitivity Diagnosed by MELISA® Test: Follow-Up Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5512091. [PMID: 34124241 PMCID: PMC8192180 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5512091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at proving the clinical benefit of the MELISA® test in the minimization or complete elimination of health problems in patients with confirmed hypersensitivity to metals used for tissue replacements. A group of 305 patients aged 20-75 years with previously proven metal hypersensitivity (initial MELISA® test), mainly to titanium and then to another fifteen metals, was chosen from the database at the Institute of Dental Medicine. From these patients, a final group of 42 patients agreed to participate in the study, 35 of which were female and 7 were male. The patients completed a special questionnaire aimed at information regarding change of health status from their last visit and determining whether the results of the initial MELISA® test and recommendations based on it were beneficial for patients or not. They were clinically examined, and peripheral blood samples were taken to perform follow-up MELISA® tests. Questionnaire data was processed, and the follow-up MELISA® test results were compared with the results of the initial MELISA® tests. For statistical analysis, the Fisher's exact test and paired T-test were used. Thirty-two patients reported that they followed the recommendations based on the results of the initial MELISA® tests, and of these, 30 patients (94%) confirmed significant health improvement. Six patients did not follow the recommendation, and from these, only one patient reported an improvement in his health problems. By comparison of the initial and follow-up MELISA® test results, it can be stated that the hypersensitivity to the given metal decreased or disappeared after the therapeutic interventions performed based on the initial MELISA® test results. The evaluation of the data obtained from patients in this study confirmed a significant clinical benefit of MELISA® test.
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18
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Dulski M, Gawecki R, Sułowicz S, Cichomski M, Kazek-Kęsik A, Wala M, Leśniak-Ziółkowska K, Simka W, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A, Gawęda M, Sitarz M, Dudek K. Key Properties of a Bioactive Ag-SiO 2/TiO 2 Coating on NiTi Shape Memory Alloy as Necessary at the Development of a New Class of Biomedical Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E507. [PMID: 33419163 PMCID: PMC7825542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen the dynamic development of methods for functionalizing the surface of implants using biomaterials that can mimic the physical and mechanical nature of native tissue, prevent the formation of bacterial biofilm, promote osteoconduction, and have the ability to sustain cell proliferation. One of the concepts for achieving this goal, which is presented in this work, is to functionalize the surface of NiTi shape memory alloy by an atypical glass-like nanocomposite that consists of SiO2-TiO2 with silver nanoparticles. However, determining the potential medical uses of bio(nano)coating prepared in this way requires an analysis of its surface roughness, tribology, or wettability, especially in the context of the commonly used reference coat-forming hydroxyapatite (HAp). According to our results, the surface roughness ranged between (112 ± 3) nm (Ag-SiO2)-(141 ± 5) nm (HAp), the water contact angle was in the range (74.8 ± 1.6)° (Ag-SiO2)-(70.6 ± 1.2)° (HAp), while the surface free energy was in the range of 45.4 mJ/m2 (Ag-SiO2)-46.8 mJ/m2 (HAp). The adhesive force and friction coefficient were determined to be 1.04 (Ag-SiO2)-1.14 (HAp) and 0.247 ± 0.012 (Ag-SiO2) and 0.397 ± 0.034 (HAp), respectively. The chemical data showed that the release of the metal, mainly Ni from the covered NiTi substrate or Ag from Ag-SiO2 coating had a negligible effect. It was revealed that the NiTi alloy that was coated with Ag-SiO2 did not favor the formation of E. coli or S. aureus biofilm compared to the HAp-coated alloy. Moreover, both approaches to surface functionalization indicated good viability of the normal human dermal fibroblast and osteoblast cells and confirmed the high osteoconductive features of the biomaterial. The similarities of both types of coat-forming materials indicate an excellent potential of the silver-silica composite as a new material for the functionalization of the surface of a biomaterial and the development of a new type of functionalized implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Dulski
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Robert Gawecki
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (R.G.); (A.M.-W.)
| | - Sławomir Sułowicz
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Michal Cichomski
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Alicja Kazek-Kęsik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (M.W.); (K.L.-Z.); (W.S.)
| | - Marta Wala
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (M.W.); (K.L.-Z.); (W.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Leśniak-Ziółkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (M.W.); (K.L.-Z.); (W.S.)
| | - Wojciech Simka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (M.W.); (K.L.-Z.); (W.S.)
| | - Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (R.G.); (A.M.-W.)
| | - Magdalena Gawęda
- Faculty of Materials Science & Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland; (M.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Maciej Sitarz
- Faculty of Materials Science & Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland; (M.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Karolina Dudek
- Refractory Materials Division in Gliwice, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Toszecka 99, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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19
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20
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Dulski M, Balcerzak J, Simka W, Dudek K. Innovative Bioactive Ag-SiO 2/TiO 2 Coating on a NiTi-Shape Memory Alloy: Structure and Mechanism of Its Formation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 14:E99. [PMID: 33383620 PMCID: PMC7794940 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, more and more emphasis has been placed on the development and functionalization of metallic substrates for medical applications to improve their properties and increase their applicability. Today, there are many different types of approaches and materials that are used for this purpose. Our idea was based on a combination of a chemically synthesized Ag-SiO2 nanocomposite and the electrophoretic deposition approach on a NiTi-shape memory substrate. As a result, silver-silica coating was developed on a previously passivated alloy, which was then subjected to sintering at 700 °C for 2 h. The micrometer-sized coat-forming material was composed of large agglomerates consisting of silica and a thin film of submicron- and nano- spherical-shaped particles built of silver, carbon, and oxygen. Structurally, the coatings consisted of a combination of nanometer-sized silver-carbonate that was embedded in thin amorphous silica and siloxy network. The temperature impact had forced morphological and structural changes such as the consolidation of the coat-forming material, and the partial coalescence of the silver and silica particles. As a result, a new continuous complex ceramic coating was formed and was analyzed in more detail using the XPS, XRD, and Raman methods. According to the structural and chemical analyses, the deposited Ag-SiO2 nanocomposite material's reorganization was due to its reaction with a passivated TiO2 layer, which formed an atypical glass-like composite that consisted of SiO2-TiO2 with silver particles that stabilized the network. Finally, the functionalization of the NiTi surface did not block the shape memory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Dulski
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Jacek Balcerzak
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Simka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Karolina Dudek
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Refractory Materials Division in Gliwice, Toszecka 99, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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21
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Nitinol in Passive Ossicular Reconstruction-First Results From Temporal Bone Experiments. Otol Neurotol 2020; 41:e854-e859. [PMID: 32558758 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000002700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Nitinol is a suitable material for passive middle ear prosthesis. BACKGROUND In modern ear microsurgery, the restitution of hearing is tremendously important. In passive ossicular reconstruction, rigid alloplastic materials are widespread in use. However, rigid prostheses fail to adapt to atmospheric pressure changes. We describe the use of the super-elastic material nitinol in passive ossicular reconstruction to overcome this limitation. METHODS Together with an industrial partner, we developed a nitinol clip prosthesis equipped with a flexible prosthesis headplate. The new prosthesis was evaluated for flexibility and its sound transmission properties were compared with standard clip prostheses. For this purpose, the sound-induced acceleration of the stapes footplate was measured by laser-doppler vibrometry in temporal bones. Furthermore, the flexibility of the prosthesis plate was tested in a load-cell experiment. RESULTS On average, the pure tone transmission characteristics of the nitinol prosthesis is statistically not distinguishable from standard titanium clip prostheses. The tests in the load cell confirmed the flexibility of the prosthesis. Any measured prosthesis returns to its original state after deformation. CONCLUSION The newly developed nitinol clip prosthesis shows similar sound transmission properties in comparison to established prostheses with high flexibility indicating a step forward to a physiological ossicular chain reconstruction.
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Dudek K, Dulski M, Łosiewicz B. Functionalization of the NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Surface by HAp/SiO 2/Ag Hybrid Coatings Formed on SiO 2-TiO 2 Glass Interlayer. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E1648. [PMID: 32252333 PMCID: PMC7178412 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The surface modification of NiTi shape memory alloys is a method for increasing their multi-functionalities. In our solution, hydroxyapatite powder was mixed with a chemically synthesized silicon dioxide/silver (nSiO2/Ag) nanocomposite in a different weight ratio between components (1:1, 5:1, and 10:1) and then electrophoretically deposited on the surface of the NiTi alloy, under various time and voltage conditions. Subsequently, uniform layers were subjected to heat treatment at 700 °C for 2 h in an argon atmosphere to improve the strength of their adhesion to the NiTi substrate. A change in linear dimensions of the co-deposited materials during the sintering process was also analyzed. After the heat treatment, XRD, Raman, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) + Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) studies revealed the formation of completely new composite coatings, which consisted of rutile and TiO2-SiO2 glass with silver oxide and HAp particles that were embedded into such coatings. It was found that spalling characterized the 1:1 ratio coating, while the others were crack-free, well-adhered, and capable of deformation to 3.5%. Coatings with a higher concentration of nanocomposite were rougher. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests in Ringer's solution revealed the capacitive behavior of the material with high corrosion resistance. The kinetics and susceptibility to pitting corrosion was the highest for the NiTi electrode that was coated with a 5:1 ratio HAp/nSiO2/Ag hybrid coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dudek
- Refractory Materials Division in Gliwice, ŁUKASIEWICZ Research Network—Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Toszecka 99, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Dulski
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (M.D.); (B.Ł.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Bożena Łosiewicz
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (M.D.); (B.Ł.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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23
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Study of Interfacial Adhesion between Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloy and a Polymer Matrix by Laser Surface Pattern. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10062172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to investigate the interfacial adhesion of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy with a polymer matrix of Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The surface pattern on Ni-Ti plates was channeled by a solid state laser machine. The laser machine allows for creating channels on the Ni-Ti surface for infiltration of the PMMA matrix, which could be attached as an intra-surface locking pattern to the Ni-Ti surface. The influence of the PMMA matrix on the surface of the NiTi plate was evaluated by thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The surface characterization was carried out by an optical microscope on the PMMA/NiTi composite after mechanical testing. During mechanical testing, the polymer displays the multiple cracks in the longitudinal direction that result in slipping and fracture. TMA and DMA analyses were performed on the Ni-Ti- and PMMA-coated Ni-Ti ribbon to observe elasticity and the storage modulus for both samples. Better adhesion than 80 % was observed in the Ni-Ti surface, in the laser surface pattern, in comparison to the free plain surface. However, the polymer acts as mechanical backing that caused a reduction in the shape-memory properties of the composite material.
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Nagaraja S, Pelton AR. Corrosion resistance of a Nitinol ocular microstent: Implications on biocompatibility. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2681-2690. [PMID: 32159908 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitinol is commonly used in medical implants due to its unique thermomechanical properties of shape memory and superelasticity. Free nickel has the potential to induce biological responses that may be a concern for permanent implants manufactured from nickel-containing alloys. Although there are extensive reports on the effects of surface treatments on corrosion behavior in cardiovascular Nitinol implants, there is a lack of data on corrosion resistance and impact on biocompatibility for ocular implants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine localized corrosion and nickel elution resistance of an electropolished Nitinol-based ocular device (Hydrus Microstent, Ivantis, Inc.) intended for patients with primary open angle glaucoma. Pitting corrosion susceptibility was characterized by potentiodynamic polarization testing per ASTM F2129. In addition, nickel ion release was quantified with immersion testing to 63 days. The results indicated high localized corrosion resistance as all samples reached polarization potentials of 800 mV without pitting initiation. Maximum nickel elution rates per device were less than approximately 1.1 ng/device/day after the first day of immersion and reduced to less than 0.1 ng/device/day after 7 days. For a patient with bilateral microstents, these nickel concentrations are ×10,000 lower than previously published tolerable intake levels for systemic toxicity. Overall, these corrosion results are in good agreement with literature values of well processed and biocompatible Nitinol devices indicating adverse systemic biological responses are not expected in vivo.
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25
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Veverkova J, Bartkova D, Weiser A, Dlouhy A, Babula P, Stepka P, Pavkova Goldbergova M. Effect of Ni ion release on the cells in contact with NiTi alloys. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7934-7942. [PMID: 31893362 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-titanium alloys have been used in medical applications for several years; however, biocompatibility of the material remains controversial. In the present study, the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured in contact with the nitinol used in two different heat treatment surface modifications-helium and hydrogen. The amount of Ni ions released from these alloys in contact with HUVEC was measured in media and in the cells by ICP-MS. An increased release of Ni ions was detected in He alloy compared with H2 alloy modification with an elevation with the metal exposition duration (24 h vs. 72 h). The cells contained the Ni ions in both selected alloy modifications with the lower levels in H2 alloys. To evaluate the potential of multiple metal applications, similar values were observed in media and in cell suspension for all surface modification combinations. The model analysis of effect of metal ion release on distant cells in the body showed that the concentration is interestingly similar to concentrations in cells in direct contact with the metal alloy. The cells are able to regulate the concentration of Ni ions within the cell. According to our best knowledge, the study for the first time describes the presence of Ni ions released from nitinol directly in the cells. In the case of the H2 modification, the lowest levels of Ni ions were detected both in medium and in the cells, which likely increases the biocompatibility of the nitinol alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Veverkova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Bartkova
- Academy of Sciences CR, Institute of Physics of Materials, Zizkova 22, 616 62, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Weiser
- Academy of Sciences CR, Institute of Physics of Materials, Zizkova 22, 616 62, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Dlouhy
- Academy of Sciences CR, Institute of Physics of Materials, Zizkova 22, 616 62, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stepka
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Pavkova Goldbergova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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26
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Nasakina EO, Sudarchikova MA, Sergienko KV, Konushkin SV, Sevost’yanov MA. Ion Release and Surface Characterization of Nanostructured Nitinol during Long-Term Testing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1569. [PMID: 31694335 PMCID: PMC6915401 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The corrosion resistance of nanostructured nitinol (NiTi) was investigated using long-term tests in solutions simulating physiological fluids at static conditions, reflecting the material structure and metal concentration in the solutions. Mechanical polishing reduced the ion release by a factor of two to three, whereas annealing deteriorated the corrosion resistance. The depassivation and repassivation of nitinol surfaces were considered. We found that nanostructured nitinol might increase the corrosion leaching of titanium into solutions, although the nickel release decreased. Metal dissolution did not occur in the alkaline environment or artificial plasma. A Ni-free surface with a protective 25 nm-thick titanium oxide film resulted from soaking mechanically treated samples of the NiTi wire in a saline solution for two years under static conditions. Hence, the medical application of nanostructured NiTi, such as for the production of medical devices and implants such as stents, shows potential compared with microstructured NiTi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena O. Nasakina
- Laboratory of Durability and Plasticity of Metal and Composite Materials and Nanomaterials, Institution of Russian Academy of Sciences, A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science RAS (IMET RAS), Leninsky Prospect 49, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.S.); (K.V.S.); (S.V.K.); (M.A.S.)
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27
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Yasenchuk Y, Marchenko E, Gunther V, Radkevich A, Kokorev O, Gunther S, Baigonakova G, Hodorenko V, Chekalkin T, Kang JH, Weiss S, Obrosov A. Biocompatibility and Clinical Application of Porous TiNi Alloys Made by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2405. [PMID: 31357702 PMCID: PMC6696327 DOI: 10.3390/ma12152405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Porous TiNi alloys fabricated by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) are biomaterials designed for medical application in substituting tissue lesions and they were clinically deployed more than 30 years ago. The SHS process, as a very fast and economically justified route of powder metallurgy, has distinctive features which impart special attributes to the resultant implant, facilitating its integration in terms of bio-mechanical/chemical compatibility. On the phenomenological level, the fact of high biocompatibility of porous SHS TiNi (PTN) material in vivo has been recognized and is not in dispute presently, but the rationale is somewhat disputable. The features of the SHS TiNi process led to a multifarious intermetallic Ti4Ni2(O,N,C)-based constituents in the amorphous-nanocrystalline superficial layer which entirely conceals the matrix and enhances the corrosion resistance of the unwrought alloy. In the current article, we briefly explore issues of the high biocompatibility level on which additional studies could be carried out, as well as recent progress and key fields of clinical application, yet allowing innovative solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Yasenchuk
- Research Institute of Medical Materials, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634045, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Marchenko
- Research Institute of Medical Materials, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634045, Russia
| | - Victor Gunther
- Research Institute of Medical Materials, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634045, Russia
| | - Andrey Radkevich
- Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk 660017, Russia
| | - Oleg Kokorev
- Research Institute of Medical Materials, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634045, Russia
| | - Sergey Gunther
- Research Institute of Medical Materials, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634045, Russia
| | - Gulsharat Baigonakova
- Research Institute of Medical Materials, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634045, Russia
| | - Valentina Hodorenko
- Research Institute of Medical Materials, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634045, Russia
| | - Timofey Chekalkin
- Research Institute of Medical Materials, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634045, Russia.
- Kang and Park Medical Co., R&D Center, Ochang 28119, Korea.
| | - Ji-Hoon Kang
- Kang and Park Medical Co., R&D Center, Ochang 28119, Korea
| | - Sabine Weiss
- Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Technology, Brandenburg University of Technology, 03044 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Aleksei Obrosov
- Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Technology, Brandenburg University of Technology, 03044 Cottbus, Germany
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28
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Characterisation of NiTi Orthodontic Archwires Surface after the Simulation of Mechanical Loading in CACO2-2 Cell Culture. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9070440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwires are crucial in the initial stages of orthodontic therapy when the movement of teeth and deflection of the archwire are the largest. Their great mechanical properties come with their main disadvantage—the leakage of nickel. Various in vitro studies measured nickel leakage from archwires that were only immersed in the medium with little or minimal simulation of all stress and deflection forces that affect them. This study aims to overcome that by simulating deflection forces that those archwires are exposed to inside the mouth of a patient. NiTi orthodontic archwires were immersed in CACO2-2 cell culture medium and then immediately loaded while using a simulator of multiaxial stress for 24 h. After the experiment, the surface of the NiTi orthodontic archwires were analysed while using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The observations showed significant microstructural and compositional changes within the first 51 nm thickness of the archwire surface. Furthermore, the released nickel and titanium concentrations in the CACO2-2 cell culture medium were measured while using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). It was found out that the level of released nickel ions was 1.310 µg/L, which can be assigned as statistically significant results. These data represent the first mention of the already detectable release of Ni ions after 24 h during the simulation of mechanical loading in the CACO2-2 cell culture medium, which is important for clinical orthodontic praxis.
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Edlinger C, Paar V, Tuscher T, Jirak P, Motloch LJ, Kammler J, Blessberger H, Kraus J, Hoppe UC, Steinwender C, Kypta A, Lichtenauer M. Potential mechanisms of endothelialisation in individuals implanted with a leadless pacemaker systems: An experimental in vitro study. J Electrocardiol 2019; 55:72-77. [PMID: 31146075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leadless pacemaker technology is a promising upcoming field in clinical rhythmology. Today, the most commonly used system in the clinical setting is the Micra™ leadless pacemaker system (Medtronic). In autopsies of patients who witnessed non-pacemaker associated death, unexpected ingrowth/encapsulation within the wall of the right ventricle was reported. The occurrence of a complete encapsulation was not expected and the process of endothelialisation remains unclear. We hypothesized, that a local inflammatory response might be the cause of these findings. The aim of our experimental in-vitro study was to investigate the effect of the Micra™ system and its single components on inflammatory processes. METHODS For this purpose, whole Micra™ pacemakers were incubated in heparin plasma from 25 healthy volunteers for 48 h at 37 °C. Furthermore, 1 g gold, steel, titanium, tungsten and nitinol wires were incubated in heparin plasma for 48 h at 37 °C as well (n = 10). To detect eventual inflammatory processes, interleukin- (IL) 1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), the chemokine IL-8 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, the level of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were analysed. RESULTS ELISA analyses showed that the whole Micra system leads to a significant increase in the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 which correlates with the data gained by the incubation of whole blood with the different wires. In particular, 0.5 g of tungsten showed a significant rise of IL-6 which could also be found for IL-1β and IL-8. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro study of the Micra system showed that the material composition led to an onset of inflammatory processes in whole blood. Consequently, one may speculate that the composition of Micra pacemaker may have a local inflammatory, though subclinical, effects in patients implanted with a Micra™ pacemakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Edlinger
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria; Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Brandenburg, Bernau/Berlin, Germany; Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) "Theodor Fontane" Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Vera Paar
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Tuscher
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Jirak
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lukas J Motloch
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jürgen Kammler
- 1st Medical Department - Cardiology, General Hospital Linz, Johannes Kepler University School of Medicine, Linz, Austria
| | - Hermann Blessberger
- 1st Medical Department - Cardiology, General Hospital Linz, Johannes Kepler University School of Medicine, Linz, Austria
| | - Johannes Kraus
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Uta C Hoppe
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Clemens Steinwender
- 1st Medical Department - Cardiology, General Hospital Linz, Johannes Kepler University School of Medicine, Linz, Austria
| | - Alexander Kypta
- 1st Medical Department - Cardiology, General Hospital Linz, Johannes Kepler University School of Medicine, Linz, Austria
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria.
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30
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Dulski M, Dudek K, Chalon D, Kubacki J, Sulowicz S, Piotrowska-Seget Z, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A, Gawecki R, Nowak A. Toward the Development of an Innovative Implant: NiTi Alloy Functionalized by Multifunctional β-TCP+Ag/SiO 2 Coatings. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:987-998. [PMID: 35021389 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, one of the more important and costly problems of modern medicine is the need to replace or supplement organs in order to improve the quality of human life. In this field, promising solutions seem to have been implants which are based on NiTi alloys with shape memory effects. Unfortunately, this material is susceptible to the corrosion and release of toxic nickel to the human organism. Hence, its application as a long-term material is strongly limited. Therefore, this paper presents a new solution which should help to improve the functionality of the NiTi alloy and elongate its medical stability to use. The idea was focused on functionalization of the implant surface by a biocompatible, multifunctional coating without any impact on the features of the substrate, i.e., the martensitic transformation responsible for shape memory effects. For this purpose, we prepared a colloidal suspension, composed of β-TCP (particle size ∼450 nm) and the Ag/SiO2 nanocomposite which due to the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) led to the formation of structurally atypical calcium phosphosilicate coating. Those biomaterials formed a crack-free coating, adhering well to the NiTi surface when distributed over the entire surface, with low concentration of metallic and oxide silver (<3 at. %). At the same time, the coat-forming materials had resulted in the growth of a Gram-negative bacterial biofilm. Additionally, the additive of the silver-silica composite enhances cell proliferation, effectively a few times higher than commonly used coat-forming materials (e.g., pure β-TCP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Dulski
- Institute of Material Science, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Karolina Dudek
- Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Refractory Materials Division in Gliwice, Toszecka 99, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Damian Chalon
- Institute of Material Science, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kubacki
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia,75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Slawomir Sulowicz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Zofia Piotrowska-Seget
- Department of Microbiology, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.,A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia,75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Robert Gawecki
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.,A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia,75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Anna Nowak
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.,A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia,75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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31
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Eliaz N. Corrosion of Metallic Biomaterials: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E407. [PMID: 30696087 PMCID: PMC6384782 DOI: 10.3390/ma12030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metallic biomaterials are used in medical devices in humans more than any other family of materials. The corrosion resistance of an implant material affects its functionality and durability and is a prime factor governing biocompatibility. The fundamental paradigm of metallic biomaterials, except biodegradable metals, has been "the more corrosion resistant, the more biocompatible." The body environment is harsh and raises several challenges with respect to corrosion control. In this invited review paper, the body environment is analysed in detail and the possible effects of the corrosion of different biomaterials on biocompatibility are discussed. Then, the kinetics of corrosion, passivity, its breakdown and regeneration in vivo are conferred. Next, the mostly used metallic biomaterials and their corrosion performance are reviewed. These biomaterials include stainless steels, cobalt-chromium alloys, titanium and its alloys, Nitinol shape memory alloy, dental amalgams, gold, metallic glasses and biodegradable metals. Then, the principles of implant failure, retrieval and failure analysis are highlighted, followed by description of the most common corrosion processes in vivo. Finally, approaches to control the corrosion of metallic biomaterials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Eliaz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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32
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Válková L, Ševčíková J, Pávková Goldbergová M, Weiser A, Dlouhý A. Osteoarthritic process modifies expression response to NiTi alloy presence. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:146. [PMID: 30167902 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-titanium alloy (nitinol, NiTi) is a biomaterial with unique thermal shape memory, superelasticity and high damping properties. Therefore NiTi has been used in medical applications. In this in vitro study, the effect of NiTi alloy (with two surface modifications - helium and hydrogen) on gene expression profile of selected interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1 and MMP-2) in human physiological osteoblasts and human osteoarthritic osteoblasts was examined to respond to a question of the different behavior of bone tissue in the implantation of metallic materials in the presence of cells affected by the osteoarthritic process. The cells were cultivated in contact with NiTi and with or without LPS (bacterial lipolysaccharide). Changes in expression of target genes were calculated by 2-ΔΔCt method. An increased gene expression of IL-1β in osteoarthritic osteoblasts, with even higher expression in cells collected directly from the metal surface was observed. In case of physiological osteoblasts, the change in expression was detected after LPS treatment in cells surrounding the disc. Higher expression levels of IL-8 were observed in osteoarthritic osteoblasts after NiTi treatment in contact with alloy, and in physiological osteoblasts without relation to location in combination of NiTi and LPS. IL-6 was slightly increased in physiological osteoblastes after application of LPS. MMP-1 expression level was obviously significantly higher in osteoarthritic osteoblasts with differences regarding the metal surface and location. MMP-2 expression was decreased in both cell lines after LPS treatment. In conclusion, results of present study show that the NiTi alloy and the treatment by LPS, especially repeated doses of LPS, change the gene expression of selected ILs and MMPs in human osteoblast cell cultures. Some of the changes were depicted solely to osteoarthritic osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Válková
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Ševčíková
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Pávková Goldbergová
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Weiser
- Academy of Sciences CR, Institute of Physics of Materials, Zizkova 22, 616 62, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Dlouhý
- Academy of Sciences CR, Institute of Physics of Materials, Zizkova 22, 616 62, Brno, Czech Republic
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33
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Howe C, Mishra S, Kim YS, Chen Y, Ye SH, Wagner WR, Jeong JW, Byun HS, Kim JH, Chun Y, Yeo WH. Stretchable, Implantable, Nanostructured Flow-Diverter System for Quantification of Intra-aneurysmal Hemodynamics. ACS NANO 2018; 12:8706-8716. [PMID: 30021063 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Random weakening of an intracranial blood vessel results in abnormal blood flow into an aneurysmal sac. Recent advancements show that an implantable flow diverter, integrated with a medical stent, enables a highly effective treatment of cerebral aneurysms by guiding blood flow into the normal vessel path. None of such treatment systems, however, offers post-treatment monitoring to assess the progress of sac occlusion. Therefore, physicians rely heavily on either angiography or magnetic resonance imaging. Both methods require a dedicated facility with sophisticated equipment settings and time-consuming, cumbersome procedures. In this paper, we introduce an implantable, stretchable, nanostructured flow-sensor system for quantification of intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics. The open-mesh membrane device is capable of effective implantation in complex neurovascular vessels with extreme stretchability (500% radial stretching) and bendability (180° with 0.75 mm radius of curvature) for monitoring of the treatment progress. A collection of quantitative mechanics, fluid dynamics, and experimental studies establish the fundamental aspects of design criteria for a highly compliant, implantable device. Hemocompatibility study using fresh ovine blood captures the device feasibility for long-term insertion in a blood vessel, showing less platelet deposition compared to that in existing implantable materials. In vitro demonstrations of three types of flow sensors show quantification of intra-aneurysmal blood flow in a pig aorta and the capability of observation of aneurysm treatment with a great sensitivity (detection limit as small as 0.032 m/s). Overall, this work describes a mechanically soft flow-diverter system that offers an effective treatment of aneurysms with an active monitoring of intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Howe
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Institute for Engineering and Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
| | - Saswat Mishra
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Yun-Soung Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Yanfei Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Sang-Ho Ye
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - William R Wagner
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Jae-Woong Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Republic of Korea 34141
| | - Hun-Soo Byun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Chonnam National University , Yeosu , Jeonnam 59626 , South Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- School of Engineering and Computer Science , Washington State University , Vancouver , Washington 98686 , United States
| | - Youngjae Chun
- Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Institute for Engineering and Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Bioengineering Interdisciplinary Program, Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, and Center for Flexible Electronics , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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34
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Trzaskowska PA, Kuźmińska A, Butruk-Raszeja B, Rybak E, Ciach T. Electropolymerized hydrophilic coating on stainless steel for biomedical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 167:499-508. [PMID: 29729627 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Current metal implants (e.g. stents) covered with drug-eluting coatings are not robust for long-term usage. Other types and methods of coatings are needed, especially ones that are not prone to activity loss in vivo. In this paper, the method of stainless steel (SS) coating with poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) with the use of electropolymerization (EP) is presented. The application of a specific and simple reaction mixture enabled the production of SS-PEGDMA materials that possessed a homogenous surface. The polymer coating was durable for 28 days of constant washing. The resulting materials were non-toxic and haemolysis did not occur after incubation with blood. Moreover, because the coating filled up scratches present on bare SS and hydrophilized the SS surface, it reduced fibrinogen adsorption five times in comparison to SS and, unlike on SS, no platelet activation was detected. The presented method is a very promising candidate for scale up due to its simplicity and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina A Trzaskowska
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; CEZAMAT PW, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Kuźmińska
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Beata Butruk-Raszeja
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Rybak
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; CEZAMAT PW, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland.
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Maassen LW, van Gastel DM, Lentjes EGWM, Bongers MY, Veersema S. Intracavitary deposits on Essure® hysteroscopic sterilization devices: A case report. Case Rep Womens Health 2018; 15:3-5. [PMID: 29593992 PMCID: PMC5842963 DOI: 10.1016/j.crwh.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the composition of intracavitary deposits on Essure® hysteroscopic sterilization devices. Design Case report. Setting Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology department of a University Hospital. Patient(s) A 39 years old patient presenting with a request for surgical removal of Essure® sterilization devices. Diagnostic hysteroscopy showed a crystal like white deposit attached to one of the devices. Intervention Diagnostic hysteroscopy and surgical removal of Essure® devices was performed. The deposits were collected and infrared spectroscopy analysis was performed. Main Outcome Measure Chemical composition of the deposits attached to the device. Result(s) Infrared spectroscopy of the material showed patterns conclusive with calcite (calcium carbonate, CaCO3). Conclusion Until now, it is not clear if there is a relationship between reported complaints and formation of calcite deposits on Essure®. Capsule Infrared spectroscopy of deposits on Essure® devices showed a pattern conclusive with calcite. The relationship between reported complaints and the formation of calcite deposits on Essure® remains unclear. A white, strongly attached deposit was observed on Essure sterilization devices. Infrared spectroscopy of this deposit showed a pattern conclusive with calcite. A relationship between reported complaints and the deposits remains unclear. Future research should focus on the genesis of the deposits, to determine its clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Maassen
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D M van Gastel
- Máxima Medical Centre Veldhoven, De Run 4600, 5504 DB Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E G W M Lentjes
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Y Bongers
- Máxima Medical Centre Veldhoven, De Run 4600, 5504 DB Veldhoven, The Netherlands.,Maastricht University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Grow school of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S Veersema
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Saedi S, Saghaian SE, Jahadakbar A, Shayesteh Moghaddam N, Taheri Andani M, Saghaian SM, Lu YC, Elahinia M, Karaca HE. Shape memory response of porous NiTi shape memory alloys fabricated by selective laser melting. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:40. [PMID: 29564560 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Porous NiTi scaffolds display unique bone-like properties including low stiffness and superelastic behavior which makes them promising for biomedical applications. The present article focuses on the techniques to enhance superelasticity of porous NiTi structures. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) method was employed to fabricate the dense and porous (32-58%) NiTi parts. The fabricated samples were subsequently heat-treated (solution annealing + aging at 350 °C for 15 min) and their thermo-mechanical properties were determined as functions of temperature and stress. Additionally, the mechanical behaviors of the samples were simulated and compared to the experimental results. It is shown that SLM NiTi with up to 58% porosity can display shape memory effect with full recovery under 100 MPa nominal stress. Dense SLM NiTi could show almost perfect superelasticity with strain recovery of 5.65 after 6% deformation at body temperatures. The strain recoveries were 3.5, 3.6, and 2.7% for samples with porosity levels of 32%, 45%, and 58%, respectively. Furthermore, it was shown that Young's modulus (i.e., stiffness) of NiTi parts can be tuned by adjusting the porosity levels to match the properties of the bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Saedi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0503, USA.
| | - Sayed E Saghaian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0503, USA
| | - Ahmadreza Jahadakbar
- Dynamic and Smart Systems Laboratory, Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Narges Shayesteh Moghaddam
- Dynamic and Smart Systems Laboratory, Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Mohsen Taheri Andani
- Dynamic and Smart Systems Laboratory, Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.M. Wu Manufacturing Research Center, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sayed M Saghaian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0503, USA
| | - Y Charles Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0503, USA
| | - Mohammad Elahinia
- Dynamic and Smart Systems Laboratory, Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Haluk E Karaca
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0503, USA
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37
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In Vitro Corrosion Assessment of Additively Manufactured Porous NiTi Structures for Bone Fixation Applications. METALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/met8030164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
NiTi alloys possess distinct functional properties (i.e., shape memory effect and superelasticity) and biocompatibility, making them appealing for bone fixation applications. Additive manufacturing offers an alternative method for fabricating NiTi parts, which are known to be very difficult to machine using conventional manufacturing methods. However, poor surface quality, and the presence of impurities and defects, are some of the major concerns associated with NiTi structures manufactured using additive manufacturing. The aim of this study is to assess the in vitro corrosion properties of additively manufactured NiTi structures. NiTi samples (bulk and porous) were produced using selective laser melting (SLM), and their electrochemical corrosion characteristics and Ni ion release levels were measured and compared with conventionally fabricated NiTi parts. The additively manufactured NiTi structures were found to have electrochemical corrosion characteristics similar to those found for the conventionally fabricated NiTi alloy samples. The highest Ni ion release level was found in the case of 50% porous structures, which can be attributed to their significantly higher exposed surface area. However, the Ni ion release levels reported in this work for all the fabricated structures remain within the range of most of values for conventionally fabricated NiTi alloys reported in the literature. The results of this study suggest that the proposed SLM fabrication process does not result in a significant deterioration in the corrosion resistance of NiTi parts, making them suitable for bone fixation applications.
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38
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Dhawan U, Pan HA, Shie MJ, Chu YH, Huang GS, Chen PC, Chen WL. The Spatiotemporal Control of Osteoblast Cell Growth, Behavior, and Function Dictated by Nanostructured Stainless Steel Artificial Microenvironments. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:86. [PMID: 28168610 PMCID: PMC5293702 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The successful application of a nanostructured biomaterial as an implant is strongly determined by the nanotopography size triggering the ideal cell response. Here, nanoporous topography on 304L stainless steel substrates was engineered to identify the nanotopography size causing a transition in the cellular characteristics, and accordingly, the design of nanostructured stainless steel surface as orthopedic implants is proposed. A variety of nanopore diameters ranging from 100 to 220 nm were fabricated by one-step electrolysis process and collectively referred to as artificial microenvironments. Control over the nanopore diameter was achieved by varying bias voltage. MG63 osteoblasts were cultured on the nanoporous surfaces for different days. Immunofluorescence (IF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to compare the modulation in cell morphologies and characteristics. Osteoblasts displayed differential growth parameters and distinct transition in cell behavior after nanopore reached a certain diameter. Nanopores with 100-nm diameter promoted cell growth, focal adhesions, cell area, viability, vinculin-stained area, calcium mineralization, and alkaline phosphatase activity. The ability of these nanoporous substrates to differentially modulate the cell behavior and assist in identifying the transition step will be beneficial to biomedical engineers to develop superior implant geometries, triggering an ideal cell response at the cell-nanotopography interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udesh Dhawan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsu-An Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Je Shie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying Hao Chu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Guewha S. Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Chun Chen
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Section 3, Zhongxiao E Road, Taipei City, 106 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen Liang Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, ROC
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39
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Dearden J, Grames C, Jensen BD, Magleby SP, Howell LL. Inverted L-Arm Gripper Compliant Mechanism. J Med Device 2017. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4036336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This work exploits the advantages of compliant mechanisms (devices that achieve their motion through the deflection of flexible members) to enable the creation of small instruments for minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Using flexures to achieve motion presents challenges, three of which are considered in this work. First, compliant mechanisms generally perform inadequately in compression. Second, for a ±90deg range of motion desired for each jaw, the bending stresses in the flexures are prohibitive considering materials used in current instruments. Third, for cables attached at fixed points on the mechanism, the mechanical advantage will vary considerably during actuation. Research results are presented that address these challenges using compliant mechanism principles as demonstrated in a two-degree-of-freedom (2DoF) L-Arm gripper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Dearden
- Compliant Mechanisms Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Clayton Grames
- New Product Development, Intuitive Surgical, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA 94086
| | - Brian D. Jensen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Spencer P. Magleby
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Larry L. Howell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 e-mail:
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40
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Metals in Spine. World Neurosurg 2017; 100:619-627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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41
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Chao Z, Yaomu X, Chufeng L, Conghua L. The effect of mucin, fibrinogen and IgG on the corrosion behaviour of Ni-Ti alloy and stainless steel. Biometals 2017; 30:367-377. [PMID: 28343289 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Ni-Ti alloy and stainless steal were exposed to artificial saliva containing fibrinogen, IgG or mucin, and the resultant corrosion behavior was studied. The purpose was to determine the mechanisms by which different types of protein contribute to corrosion. The effect of different proteins on the electrochemical resistance of Ni-Ti and SS was tested by potentiodynamic polarization, and the repair capacity of passivation film was tested by cyclic polarization measurements. The dissolved corrosion products were determined by ICP-OES, and the surface was analyzed by SEM and AFM. The results showed fibrinogen, IgG or mucin could have different influences on the susceptibility to corrosion of the same alloy. Adding protein lead to the decrease of corrosion resistance of SS, whereas protein could slow down the corrosion process of Ni-Ti. For Ni-Ti, adding mucin could enhance the corrosion stability and repair capacity of passivation film. The susceptibility to pitting corrosion of Ni-Ti and stainless steal in fibrinogen AS is not as high as mucin and IgG AS. There are different patterns of deposition formation on the metal surface by different types of protein, which is associated with their effects on the corrosion process of the alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Chao
- The Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, No. 366 South of Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao Yaomu
- The Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, No. 366 South of Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Chufeng
- The Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, No. 366 South of Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Conghua
- The Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, No. 366 South of Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, People's Republic of China
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42
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Biocompatibility of NiTi alloys in the cell behaviour. Biometals 2017; 30:163-169. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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43
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Mechanical and shape memory properties of porous Ni 50.1Ti 49.9 alloys manufactured by selective laser melting. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 68:224-231. [PMID: 28189977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Near equiatomic NiTi shape memory alloys were fabricated in dense and designed porous forms by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and their mechanical and shape memory properties were systematically characterized. Particularly, the effects of pore morphology on their mechanical responses were investigated. Dense and porous NiTi alloys exhibited good shape memory effect with a recoverable strain of about 5% and functional stability after eight cycles of compression. The stiffness and residual plastic strain of porous NiTi were found to depend highly on the pore shape and the level of porosity. Since porous NiTi structures have lower elastic modulus and density than dense NiTi with still good shape memory properties, they are promising materials for lightweight structures, energy absorbers, and biomedical implants.
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44
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Markhoff J, Krogull M, Schulze C, Rotsch C, Hunger S, Bader R. Biocompatibility and Inflammatory Potential of Titanium Alloys Cultivated with Human Osteoblasts, Fibroblasts and Macrophages. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10010052. [PMID: 28772412 PMCID: PMC5344603 DOI: 10.3390/ma10010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The biomaterials used to maintain or replace functions in the human body consist mainly of metals, ceramics or polymers. In orthopedic surgery, metallic materials, especially titanium and its alloys, are the most common, due to their excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. Aside from the established Ti6Al4V alloy, shape memory materials such as nickel-titanium (NiTi) have risen in importance, but are also discussed because of the adverse effects of nickel ions. These might be reduced by specific surface modifications. In the present in vitro study, the osteoblastic cell line MG-63 as well as primary human osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and macrophages were cultured on titanium alloys (forged Ti6Al4V, additive manufactured Ti6Al4V, NiTi, and Diamond-Like-Carbon (DLC)-coated NiTi) to verify their specific biocompatibility and inflammatory potential. Additive manufactured Ti6Al4V and NiTi revealed the highest levels of metabolic cell activity. DLC-coated NiTi appeared as a suitable surface for cell growth, showing the highest collagen production. None of the implant materials caused a strong inflammatory response. In general, no distinct cell-specific response could be observed for the materials and surface coating used. In summary, all tested titanium alloys seem to be biologically appropriate for application in orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Markhoff
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Strasse 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Martin Krogull
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Strasse 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Christian Schulze
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Strasse 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Christian Rotsch
- Department Medical Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, Nöthnitzer Strasse 44, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sandra Hunger
- Department Medical Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, Nöthnitzer Strasse 44, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Rainer Bader
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Strasse 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
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45
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Phukaoluan A, Khantachawana A, Kaewtatip P, Dechkunakorn S, Kajornchaiyakul J. Amélioration des propriétés mécaniques et biologiques des alliages NiTi par addition de Cu et de Co aux fils orthodontiques. Int Orthod 2016; 14:295-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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46
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Phukaoluan A, Khantachawana A, Kaewtatip P, Dechkunakorn S, Kajornchaiyakul J. Improvement of mechanical and biological properties of TiNi alloys by addition of Cu and Co to orthodontic archwires. Int Orthod 2016; 14:295-310. [PMID: 27520713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate improved performances of TiNi in order to promote tooth movement. Special attention was paid to the effect on the clinical properties of TiNi of adding Cu and Co to this alloy. Ti49.4Ni50.6, Ti49Ni46Cu5 and Ti50Ni47Co3 (at %) alloys were prepared. Specimens were cold-rolled at 30% reduction and heat-treated at 400°C for 60min. Then, the test results were compared with two types of commercial archwires. The findings showed that superelasticity properties were confirmed in the manufactured commercial alloys at mouth temperature. The difference of stress plateau in TiNi, TiNiCo and commercial wires B at 25°C changed significantly at various testing temperatures due to the combination of martensite and austenite phases. At certain temperatures the alloys exhibited zero recovery stress at 2% strain and consequently produced zero activation force for moving teeth. The corrosion test showed that the addition of Cu and Co to TiNi alloys generates an increase in corrosion potential (Ecorr) and corrosion current densities (Icorr). Finally, we observed that addition of Cu and Co improved cell viability. We conclude that addition of an appropriate amount of a third alloying element can help enhance the performances of TiNi orthodontic archwires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aphinan Phukaoluan
- Department of mechanical engineering, King Mongkut's university of technology Thonburi, 126, Pracha-utid road, Bangmod, Tungkru, 10140 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anak Khantachawana
- Department of mechanical engineering, King Mongkut's university of technology Thonburi, 126, Pracha-utid road, Bangmod, Tungkru, 10140 Bangkok, Thailand; Biological engineering program, King Mongkut's university of technology Thonburi, 126, Pracha-utid road, Bangmod, Tungkru, 10140 Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Pongpan Kaewtatip
- Department of mechanical engineering, King Mongkut's university of technology Thonburi, 126, Pracha-utid road, Bangmod, Tungkru, 10140 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surachai Dechkunakorn
- Department of orthodontics, faculty of dentistry, Mahidol university, 6, Yothee Road, Rajthevee, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Julathep Kajornchaiyakul
- National metal and materials technology center, 114 Thailand science park, Paholyothin road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, 12120 Pathumthani, Thailand
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47
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Thierry B, Tabrizian M. Biocompatibility and Biostability of Metallic Endovascular Implants: State of the Art and Perspectives. J Endovasc Ther 2016; 10:807-24. [PMID: 14533959 DOI: 10.1177/152660280301000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work was partly supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. More than a million metallic endovascular devices are implanted each year, but the quest for the perfect material continues. The importance of interfacial properties in the overall biocompatibility of metals and alloys has been recognized for a long time. In particular, these properties modulate the hemocompatibility of devices in contact with blood and, in turn, strongly influence implantation outcomes. In this article, the relative properties of metallic materials commonly used in endovascular applications are reviewed. Particular emphasis is given to the corrosion behavior of metallic endovascular materials and the specific surface treatments used in the production processes. Issues relative to corrosion assays will also be reviewed in terms of their relevance to in vivo applications. The potential adverse effects of degradation products with respect to endovascular applications will be described. Finally, this review addresses future perspectives of metallic devices in endovascular procedures in view of the recent promises of antiproliferative strategies that are likely to profoundly modify current procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Thierry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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48
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Sorom AJ, Driscoll CLW, Beatty CW, Lundy L. Retrospective Analysis of Outcomes after Stapedotomy with Implantation of a Self-Crimping Nitinol Stapes Prosthesis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 137:65-9. [PMID: 17599567 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To review hearing results after implantation of a self-crimping stapes prosthesis. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Analysis of hearing results in patients implanted with a self-crimping stapes prosthesis at two academic hospitals from 2000 to 2004. RESULTS: Seventy-nine ears were divided into short-term and intermediate follow-up groups. The mean postoperative air-bone gap (ABG), preoperative minus postoperative ABG, and preoperative minus postoperative bone conduction values were 5.7, 21.4, and 4.1 dB, respectively, for the short-term group, and 6.3, 22.3, and 4.7dB, respectively, for the intermediate group. The ABG was <10 dB in 88 percent of the short-term group and in 79 percent of the intermediate group. CONCLUSIONS: The self-crimping Nitinol stapes prosthesis provides excellent short-term and intermediate postoperative hearing results, and may overcome the limitations of stapes prostheses requiring manual crimping. SIGNIFICANCE: This paper provides evidence for the use of a self-crimping Nitinol stapes prosthesis, which may simplify hearing restoration surgery for stapes fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J Sorom
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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49
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Chen Y, Emery SP, Maxey AP, Gu X, Wagner WR, Chun Y. A novel low-profile ventriculoamniotic shunt for foetal aqueductal stenosis. J Med Eng Technol 2016; 40:186-98. [PMID: 27004923 DOI: 10.3109/03091902.2016.1154617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed a novel ventriculoamniotic shunt device for foetal aqueductal stenosis treatment fabricated with 3Fr or 4Fr size catheters that have a longitudinal bending stiffness with kink resistance, sufficient luminal area for cerebrospinal fluid drainage and capacity for valve integration. Computational flow dynamics studies were carried out to optimise the device design, including size of the lumen and length of the device. An in vitro pressure and flow rate measurement test circuit was constructed to assess the high pressure relieving functionality of draining cerebrospinal fluid from foetal brain. Additionally, a resistance force measurement test platform was built to quantitatively evaluate the anchor performance of various geometric designs. The valve functionality was qualitatively evaluated through the visualisation of the flow patterns in the amniotic sac with injected red coloured fluid under stereomicroscopy. These in vitro results demonstrate the feasibility of the ventriculoamniotic shunt device designed for placement in the foetal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Chen
- a Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Stephen P Emery
- b Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Divisions of Ultrasound and Maternal-Fetal Medicine , Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Antonina P Maxey
- c Department of Bioengineering , University of Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Xinzhu Gu
- d McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - William R Wagner
- d McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Youngjae Chun
- a Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA ;,c Department of Bioengineering , University of Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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50
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Martín-Cameán A, Jos Á, Mellado-García P, Iglesias-Linares A, Solano E, Cameán AM. In vitro and in vivo evidence of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of metal ions released by orthodontic appliances: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:86-113. [PMID: 26093195 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Intraoral fixed orthodontic appliances are frequently used in the clinical practice of dentistry. They are made from alloys containing different metals at various percentages. The use of these appliances leads to the long-term exposure of patients to these materials, and the potential toxic effects of this exposure raises concerns about patient safety. Thus, the biocompatibility (corrosion behaviour and toxicity) of these materials has to be evaluated prior to clinical use. In the present report, the most recent studies in the scientific literature examining metal ion release from orthodontic appliances and the toxic effects of these ions have been reviewed with a special focus on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Previous studies suggest that a case-by-case safety evaluation is required to take into account the increasing variability of materials, their composition and the manufacturing processes. Moreover, in vivo toxicity studies in regard to metal release, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity are still scarce. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo monitoring studies are needed to establish cause-effect relationships between metal ion release and biomarkers of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Further investigations could be performed to elucidate the toxic mechanisms involved in the observed effects with a special emphasis on oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Cameán
- Stomatology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Jos
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Enrique Solano
- Stomatology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Spain
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