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Cho SM, Vardi A, Platt N, Futerman AH. Absence of infiltrating peripheral myeloid cells in the brains of mouse models of lysosomal storage disorders. J Neurochem 2018; 148:625-638. [PMID: 29900534 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 70 lysosomal storage diseases are currently known, resulting from mutations in genes encoding lysosomal enzymes and membrane proteins. Defects in lysosomal enzymes that hydrolyze sphingolipids have been relatively well studied. Gaucher disease is caused by the loss of activity of glucocerebrosidase, leading to accumulation of glucosylceramide. Gaucher disease exhibits a number of subtypes, with types 2 and 3 showing significant neuropathology. Sandhoff disease results from the defective activity of β-hexosaminidase, leading to accumulation of ganglioside GM2. Niemann-Pick type C disease is primarily caused by the loss of activity of the lysosomal membrane protein, NPC1, leading to storage of cholesterol and sphingosine. All three disorders display significant neuropathology, accompanied by neuroinflammation. It is commonly assumed that neuroinflammation is the result of infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages into the brain; for instance, cells resembling lipid-engorged macrophages ('Gaucher cells') have been observed in the brain of Gaucher disease patients. We now review the evidence that inflammatory macrophages are recruited into the brain in these diseases and then go on to provide some experimental data that, at least in the three mouse models tested, monocyte-derived macrophages do not appear to infiltrate the brain. Resident microglia, which are phenotypically distinct from infiltrating macrophages, are the only myeloid population present in significant numbers within the brain parenchyma in these authentic mouse models, even during the late symptomatic stages of disease when there is substantial neuroinflammation. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/. This article is part of the Special Issue "Lysosomal Storage Disorders".
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Cho
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayelet Vardi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nicolas Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Gawande S, Patil S, Anand R, Patil SG, Patil P. Cellular cannibalism in giant cells of central giant cell granuloma of jaw bones and giant cell tumors of long bones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 8. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gargi S. Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology; Dr D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital; Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth; Pune Maharashtra India
| | - Sachin C. Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology; Dr D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital; Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth; Pune Maharashtra India
| | - Shailesh Gawande
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology; Dr D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital; Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth; Pune Maharashtra India
| | - Snehal Patil
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology; Dr D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital; Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth; Pune Maharashtra India
| | - Rahul Anand
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology; Dr D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital; Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth; Pune Maharashtra India
| | - Shankar Gouda Patil
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology; Faculty of Dental Sciences; MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences; Bengaluru Karnataka India
| | - Prakash Patil
- Department of Dentistry; Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research; Pune Maharashtra India
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Saxena CC, Safaya R, Kawatra Madan N, Khan SA, Iyer VK. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and image analytic parameters characterizing the stromal component in primary and recurrent giant cell tumor of bone. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2016; 7:109-14. [PMID: 27182148 PMCID: PMC4857144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a benign locally aggressive tumor whose biological behavior is unpredictable. Currently, there are no definitive clinical, histological, biochemical, or immunological parameters that can predict its behavior. This study was undertaken to examine whether delineation of reactive and neoplastic stromal component of GCT can help in this regard. 55 cases of GCT (30 primary, 25 recurrent) were subjected to histopathological grading, immunohistochemistry, and image analysis. Spindling of stroma was more frequent in recurrent GCT with 64% cases having more than 50% spindled stroma (p < 0.001). Number of mitosis/10 HPF and higher grade were more in recurrent GCT. Mean percentage positivity for CD68 (38.36%) and α1-ACT (70.86%) was higher in primary than recurrent GCT. PCNA and MiB-1 labeling indices were higher in recurrent (42.62% and 9.18%, respectively) than in primary group (24.75% and 7.7%, respectively). A single numerical parameter encompassing stromal cell population and its proliferation was derived as ratio of PCNA/CD68 and PCNA/α1-ACT. Both ratios were higher in recurrent (0.81 ± 0.38; 1.58 ± 1.50) than in primary GCT (0.58 ± 0.62; 0.34 ± 0.29) (p = 0.002; 0.01). On image analysis, parameters significantly different between the two groups were nuclear area and nuclear integrated optical density. It was thus concluded that recurrent GCT shows higher grade, increased mitosis, more spindling, fewer reactive components, and higher proliferation than primary GCT. Delineation of reactive component (α1-ACT positive) and proliferating component (PCNA positive cells) using immunohistochemistry with calculation of the PCNA/ACT ratio delivers more information than image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Chandra Saxena
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajni Safaya
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Kawatra Madan
- Senior Research Associate, Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India,Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 9953236682.
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Vk V, Hallikeri K, Girish HC, Murgod S. Expression of CD34 and CD68 in peripheral giant cell granuloma and central giant cell granuloma: An immunohistochemical analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2015; 18:341-8. [PMID: 25948986 PMCID: PMC4409176 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.151310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Central and Peripheral giant cell granulomas of jaws are uncommon, benign, reactive disorders that are characterized by the presence of numerous multinucleated giant cells and mononuclear cells within a stroma. The origin of the multinucleated giant cells is controversial; probably originating from fusion of histiocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Objective: To assess the expression of CD34 and CD68 in central and peripheral giant cell granulomas to understand the origin of these multinucleated giant cells. Materials and Methods: Twenty cases of Central and Peripheral giant cell granulomas were evaluated immunohistochemically for CD34 and CD68 proteins expression. Results: Immunopositivity for CD34 was seen only in cytoplasm of endothelial cells of blood vessels; whereas, consistent cytoplasmic immunopositivity for CD68 was seen in few stromal cells. Statistical significance was seen in mean number of multinucleated giant cells, mean number of nuclei in multinucleated giant cells, CD68 expression and ratio of macrophages to multinucleated giant cells among two lesions. Conclusion: Although the central giant cell granulomas share some clinical and histopathological similarities with peripheral giant cell granulomas, differences in mean number of nuclei in multinucleated giant cells and CD68 immunoreactivity may underlie the distinct clinical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Vk
- Department of Oral Pathology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Mysore, Bangalore, India
| | - Kaveri Hallikeri
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Dental College, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - H C Girish
- Department of Oral Pathology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Mysore, Bangalore, India
| | - Sanjay Murgod
- Department of Oral Pathology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Mysore, Bangalore, India
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Kujan O, Al-Shawaf AZ, Azzeghaiby S, AlManadille A, Aziz K, Raheel SA. Immunohistochemical comparison of p53, Ki-67, CD68, vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin and alpha-1-antichymotry-psin in oral peripheral and central giant cell granuloma. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:20-24. [PMID: 25876945 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Giant cell lesions are characterised histologically by multinucleated giant cells in a background of ovoid to spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells. There is a major debate whether these lesions are separate entities or variants of the same disease. Our aim was to study the nature of multinucleated and mononuclear cells from peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG), and central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) and giant cell tumor (GCT) of long bones using immunohistochemistry evaluation and to determine whether there is a correlation between recurrence and the markers used. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ki-67, p53, Vimentin, smooth muscle specific actin, CD68 and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin were used to study 60 giant cell lesions. These included 26 CGCG, 28 PGCG, and 6 GCT cases using an avidin-biotin-complex immunohistochemistry standard method. RESULTS All studied cases showed the same results except the percentage of Ki-67 positive mononuclear cells in PGCG was significantly higher than that of both CGCG and GCT (p<0.05). Interestingly, no statistical correlation between recurrence and the markers used was found. CONCLUSION Our results may suggest that these lesions have the same histogenesis. The mononuclear stromal cells, both histiocytic and myofibroblastic, are thought to be responsible for the behavior of these lesions whereas the multinucleated cells are considered as reactive. This might support the argument that PGCG, CGCG and GCT are different variants for the same disease. Further studies using molecular techniques are required to elucidate why some of these lesions behave aggressively than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Kujan
- Assistant Professor and Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Unit of Skills Development and Continuing Education, Al-Farabi College for Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Phone: +966501158867, e-mail:
| | | | - Saleh Azzeghaiby
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Unit of Skills Development and Continuing Education, Al-Farabi College for Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad AlManadille
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Kusay Aziz
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Syed Ahmed Raheel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Unit of Skills Development and Continuing Education, Al-Farabi College for Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Yadav S, Singh A, Kumar P, Tyagi S. Recurrent case of central giant cell granuloma with multiple soft tissue involvement. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2014; 5:60-6. [PMID: 25298721 PMCID: PMC4178360 DOI: 10.4103/0975-5950.140181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Central giant cell granuloma is a fairly common lesion in the jaws aetiology of which is still completely unknown but thought to be of a reactive process to some unknown stimuli. It usually arises either peripherally in periodontal ligament, mucoperiosteum, or centrally in the bone. The histological hallmark for both peripheral and central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is the presence of distinctive multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) in a prominent fibrous stroma. Central giant cell granuloma is an uncommon benign proliferative lesion that almost exclusively occurs within the jaw. Eventually, it may become aggressive leading to the expansion and perforation of cortex resulting into mobility and displacement of teeth with root resorption. The present case focuses on the dilemma and perplexity in diagnosing aggressive CGCGs, due to its close proximity with respect to pathology, behavior and prognosis from giant cell tumors (GCT). Central giant cell granuloma persuaded extensive destruction to the hard and soft tissues with high rate of recurrence encourage us the need of exploring the possibilities of giant cell tumors having a definitive presence in the jaws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Yadav
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kalka Dental College and Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anurag Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, ITS Dental College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prince Kumar
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shallu Tyagi
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kalka Dental College and Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Woo SB. Diseases of the oral mucosa. MCKEE'S PATHOLOGY OF THE SKIN 2012:362-436. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-5649-2.00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Torabinia N, Razavi SM, Shokrolahi Z. A comparative immunohistochemical evaluation of CD68 and TRAP protein expression in central and peripheral giant cell granulomas of the jaws. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 40:334-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bilodeau E, Chowdhury K, Collins B. A case of recurrent multifocal central giant cell granulomas. Head Neck Pathol 2009; 3:174-8. [PMID: 19644538 PMCID: PMC2715452 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-009-0119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
One case of recurrent multifocal central giant cell granulomas (CGCG) is presented. Initially, the lesions presented concurrently in the maxilla and mandible with subsequent recurrence in the mandible. Now, two recurrences are seen in the maxillary sinus and ethmoid region. The literature regarding multifocal CGCG is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bilodeau
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Khalid Chowdhury
- Center for Craniofacial & Skull Base Disorders/Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO USA
| | - Bobby Collins
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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10
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Loréa P, Van De Walle H, Kinnen L, Ledoux P, Moermans JP, Van Den Heule B. Giant cell tumours of the tendon sheath: lack of correlation between nm23-H1 expression and recurrence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 29:67-70. [PMID: 14734076 DOI: 10.1016/s0266-7681(03)00222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Some authors attribute recurrences of giant cell tumours to biological factors which are only expressed in some tumours. Grover et al. (1998) suggested that the risk for recurrence is associated with the down-regulation of the nm23-H1 gene. We reviewed the charts of the 154 patients operated on for giant cell tumours of the tendon sheath and selected a group of patients with recurrence (ten cases) and a group of patients who did not have a recurrence after a minimum follow-up of 3 years (13 cases). Immunohistochemical detection of nm23-H1 was performed blindly of the clinical outcome on the paraffin-embedded specimens of these patients and no correlation was found between nm23-H1 expression and the risk for recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Loréa
- Centre de Chirurgie de la Main, Clinique du Parc Léopold, 38 rue Froissart, 1040 Brussels, Belgium.
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11
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a relatively rare hyperplastic lesion of the oral cavity. The lesion occurs in females more frequently than males and more often in the mandible than the maxilla. Although the precise etiology of PGCG is unknown, it might represent a local reaction to trauma or irritation. METHODS In general, treatment requires a wide excision of the lesion due to its possible recurrence. RESULTS This report describes the clinical and histopathological findings of PGCG diagnosed in the maxilla of a young male, as well as the successful treatment of a gingival defect that occurred following excision of the lesion, by placement of a subepithelial connective tissue graft concurrently with the biopsy procedure. CONCLUSIONS This report emphasizes the importance of having histopathological data to confirm the clinical diagnosis, and the importance of an adequate excision to prevent recurrence even in less extensive cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Esra Sahingur
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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12
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Hirshberg A, Kozlovsky A, Schwartz-Arad D, Mardinger O, Kaplan I. Peripheral giant cell granuloma associated with dental implants. J Periodontol 2003; 74:1381-4. [PMID: 14584874 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2003.74.9.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a well-circumscribed lesion confined to the alveolar and gingival mucosa. PGCG is considered a reactive lesion caused by local irritation or trauma. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the incidence of PGCG in peri-implant lesions submitted for histologic examination, to establish its correlation with implant failure, and to discuss its pathogenesis. METHODS The study was conducted on 25 periimplant biopsy specimens submitted for histological examination between 1999 and 2001. Sections (5 microm) of paraffin embedded tissues were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS From the 25 specimens, three (two males and one female, ranging in age from 31 to 69 years) were identified as peripheral giant cell granuloma. The posterior mandible was affected in two cases and the anterior maxilla in one. The clinical appearance was an exophytic mass with a bleeding surface. The time interval between implantation and lesion development was from several months to 6 years. Recurrence following curettage was found in all cases. The implants were stable; however, two were removed either because of bone loss around the implant or because of several recurrences. In all cases healing was uneventful. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral giant cell granuloma can develop in association with dental implants. Clinically, the lesions are similar to the classical PGCG. In the present study, the precise incidence could not be concluded because of the small number of selected cases. Due to the aggressive nature of the lesion and the high recurrence rate, implants can fail unless the lesion is detected early and proper surgical removal is performed. Tissue removed from the peri-implant area should always be submitted for histologic examination for accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Hirshberg
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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Nakashima M, Nakayama T, Ohtsuru A, Fukada E, Niino D, Yamazumi K, Naito S, Ito M, Sekine I. Expression of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related peptide (PthrP) and PTH/PTHrP receptor in osteoclast-like giant cells. Pathol Res Pract 2003; 199:85-92. [PMID: 12747470 DOI: 10.1078/0344-0338-00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclast-like giant cells (OCGC), which resemble osteoclasts at both the morphologic and immunohistochemical levels, develop in neoplastic tissue. In bone marrow, parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related peptide (PTHrP) can induce osteoclast differentiation by stimulating osteoclast progenitors through the PTH/PTHrP receptor (PPR). To evaluate the possible involvement of PTHrP in OCGC formation in tumors, we analyzed both PTHrP and PPR expression by immunohistochemistry in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) containing OCGC. In all cases of either GCTB (n = 5) or ATC (n = 4), intense stainingfor PTHrP was found in OCGC, but only faintly in mononuclear cells. PPR expression in OCGC was also demonstrated in 3 cases of GCTB and 2 cases of ATC. Double staining for PPR and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) revealed that PPR was mainly expressed by PCNA-negative mononuclear cells and OCGC in these tumors. This suggests that OCGC might be derived from non-proliferating mononuclear cells by PTHrP stimulation via PPR. Furthermore, the profiles of PTHrP and PPR expression in OCGC were compared with those in the neoplastic GC found in malignancy (n = 6), osteoclasts in bone with osteoarthritis (n = 5), reactive GC, including Langhans-type and foreign body-type in pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 8), and ruptured epidermal cyst (n = 14) in order to clarify whether their distribution pattern was unique to OCGC. In all cases of malignancy, expression of both PTHrP and PPR was observed ubiquitously in neoplastic GC and mononuclear cells regardless of PCNA immunoreactivity. In contrast, in osteoclasts and reactive GC, PTHrP immunoreactivity was seen in all cases and in 7 of 22 cases, respectively, but no PPR expression was observed in either. In situ hybridization confirmed PTHrP expression at the transcriptional level in OCGC and neoplastic GC, but not in osteoclasts. Thus, although PTHrP expression was commonly observed in various types of multinucleated giant cells, their immunohistochemical profiles for PPR were distinct. We conclude that PPR might play a role during OCGC formation in GCTB and ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nakashima
- Tissue and Histopathology Section, Division of Scientific Data Registry, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan.
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14
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Tian XF, Li TJ, Yu SF. Giant cell granuloma of the temporal bone: a case report with immunohistochemical, enzyme histochemical, and in vitro studies. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2003; 127:1217-20. [PMID: 12946217 DOI: 10.5858/2003-127-1217-gcgott] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A case of giant cell granuloma (GCG) that occurred in the right temporal bone is reported. The lesion showed histologic features identical to GCG. The multinuclear giant cells (MGCs) in the lesion showed strong reactivity with CD68, but patchy staining for myeloid/histiocyte antigen, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsine, and lysozyme. Activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was also consistently detected in the MGCs. Some of the mononuclear cells of the lesion exhibited similar immunocytochemical and histochemical reactivity as the MGCs. Ki-67 staining, however, was only detected in the mononuclear cells. The MGCs isolated from the lesion presented characteristic morphology of osteoclasts and possessed the ability to excavate bone in vitro. Thus, the MGCs in GCG appeared to express both macrophage- and osteoclast-associated phenotypes. The mononuclear cells were the major proliferative elements in the lesion and a subpopulation of these cells may represent precursors of the MGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fei Tian
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
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15
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Shang ZJ, Li ZB, Chen XM, Li JR, McCoy JM. Expansile lesion of the mandible in a 45-year-old woman. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003; 61:621-5. [PMID: 12730843 DOI: 10.1053/joms.2003.50073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jun Shang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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16
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Petschler M, Stiller M, Hoffmeister B, Witkowski R, Opitz C, Bill JS, Peters H. [Clinical and molecular genetic observations on families with cherubism over three generations]. MUND-, KIEFER- UND GESICHTSCHIRURGIE : MKG 2003; 7:83-7. [PMID: 12664252 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-002-0444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cherubism is a rare fibro-osseous disorder that almost exclusively affects the maxilla and mandible. CASE REPORT We report on three affected males in three generations in family A, and ten affected patients in family B. The youngest affected relative in family A also had craniosynostosis. His father and grandfather had cherubism and clubbed fingers. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Cherubism was mapped to region 4p16.3. Because of the associated craniosynostosis, we excluded the FGFR3 gene as a candidate gene for cherubism. The inheritance pattern is autosomal dominant with variable expression. The penetrance is 100% in males and 50-70% in females. We found incomplete penetrance in males, which does not conform with all publications.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Cherubism/diagnosis
- Cherubism/genetics
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Craniosynostoses/diagnosis
- Craniosynostoses/genetics
- Craniosynostoses/therapy
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Genes, Dominant
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Humans
- Infant
- Male
- Orthodontics, Corrective
- Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic/diagnosis
- Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic/genetics
- Pedigree
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/genetics
- Tooth Abnormalities/diagnosis
- Tooth Abnormalities/genetics
- Tooth Abnormalities/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- M Petschler
- Abteilung für Zahnärztliche Chirurgie und Röntgenologie, Klinik für Kieferchirugie und plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Berlin.
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17
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Okada H, Davies JE, Yamamoto H. Brown tumor of the maxilla in a patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism: a case study involving immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000; 58:233-8. [PMID: 10670606 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-2391(00)90346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Okada
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
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de Souza PE, Paim JF, Carvalhais JN, Gomez RS. Immunohistochemical expression of p53, MDM2, Ki-67 and PCNA in central giant cell granuloma and giant cell tumor. J Oral Pathol Med 1999; 28:54-8. [PMID: 9950250 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1999.tb01996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a reactive bone lesion that occurs mainly in the jaws. The giant cell tumour (GCT) is a benign locally aggressive neoplasm located near the articular end of tubular bones. Both lesions are characterised histologically by multinucleated giant cells in a background of ovoid to spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells. There is a basic question whether both lesions are separate entities or variants of the same disease. The study of cell cycle-associated proteins may give insights into clarifying such question. The expression of these proteins is also important to determine the cell cycle regulation in both tumours. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of p53, MDM2, Ki-67 and PCNA in CGCG and GCT. The results demonstrated that, despite the lack of p53 immunoreactivity, all the samples showed wide expression of MDM2. The percentage of Ki-67- and PCNA-positive cells in CGCG was statistically higher than that of GCT Our findings show that CGCG has a higher proliferative activity compared with that of the GCT. Our results also suggest that p53 inactivation by MDM2 expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of giant cell lesions of the jaws and long bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E de Souza
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Minas Gerais Federal University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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19
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Tiffee JC, Aufdemorte TB. Markers for macrophage and osteoclast lineages in giant cell lesions of the oral cavity. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997; 55:1108-12; discussion 1112-3. [PMID: 9331235 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-2391(97)90291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Giant cell lesions of the oral cavity are a well recognized entity. However, the histogenesis of these lesions is still the subject of controversy, with support for both histiocyte/macrophage and osteoclast origins being found in the literature. This study evaluated a set of peripheral giant cell lesions (PGCLs) and central giant cell lesions (CGCLs) for characteristics of both cell types to address this dilemma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Detection of histiocyte/macrophage characteristics was accomplished immunohistochemically by evaluating for markers specific for this cell type, namely alpha-1 -antichymotrypsin (1 -ACT) and factor XIIIa antibodies. Detection of osteoclast characteristics made use of the fact that osteoclasts possess a unique enzyme, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, which can be appreciated by histochemical procedures. RESULTS A large percentage of the multinucleated cells stained with the 1-ACT (38.08% in PGCLs and 15.84% in CGCLs), while only isolated cells stained for factor XIIIa (1.20% PGCLs, 0.99% CGCLs). Isolated stromal cells also were stained. Virtually all multinucleated cells reacted with the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase stain (99.26% PGCLs, 98.34% CGCLs), as did a number of the mononuclear stromal cells. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the contention that GCLs of the oral cavity may arise from precursor cells related to the granulocyte/macrophage line, and may originate from mononuclear cells that express markers for both macrophages and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Tiffee
- Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, University of Pittsburgh--School of Dental Medicine, PA 15261, USA
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Nedir R, Lombardi T, Samson J. Recurrent peripheral giant cell granuloma associated with cervical resorption. J Periodontol 1997; 68:381-4. [PMID: 9150044 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1997.68.4.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A case of recurrent peripheral giant cell granuloma in a 38-year-old man is reported. The lesion was localized on the attached gingiva of the lower left second premolar (tooth #35). The surgical excision of the lesion revealed a superficial resorption of the cervical region of the involved tooth. The resorption was smoothed out, and there was no sign of recurrence or further resorption after 14 months. Root resorption, although extremely rare, may be associated with peripheral giant cell granuloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nedir
- Division of Stomatology and Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Switzerland
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21
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Mighell AJ, Robinson PA, Hume WJ. Peripheral giant cell granuloma: a clinical study of 77 cases from 62 patients, and literature review. Oral Dis 1995; 1:12-9. [PMID: 7553374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify the principle clinical features of the peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG), and to recognise clinical features of PGCG that are poorly defined. DESIGN We reviewed retrospectively 77 cases of PGCG from 62 patients, from our files with respect to incidence, sex, patient age, race, clinical symptoms and signs, radiographic features and recurrence following excision. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our results were largely in agreement with previous reports, although there is wide variation in the results published between series. In addition, some clinical features of PGCG are poorly defined. Little is known about the relative incidences of PGCG and central giant cell granuloma. An association between PGCG and tooth loss may exist, but is poorly defined, and not all PGCG that involve edentulous areas follow recent tooth loss. Information about PGCG recurrence after excision is limited, and does not necessarily follow incomplete excision. Despite the large number of reported cases of PGCG, clarification of some clinical features is required, and may help formulation and interpretation of future laboratory-based research into this poorly understood lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Mighell
- Division of Dental Surgery, Leeds Dental Institute, United Kingdom
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22
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Carvalho YR, Loyola AM, Gomez RS, Araújo VC. Peripheral giant cell granuloma. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Oral Dis 1995; 1:20-5. [PMID: 7553376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the nature of multinucleated and mononuclear cells from peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG). MATERIALS AND METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 40 cases of PGCG were immunohistochemically stained for vimentin, alpha I-antichymotrypsin, CD68, S-100 protein, lysozyme, leucocyte common antigen (LCA), factor VIII-related antigen and muscle cell actin. Six cases of PGCG were also studied by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Vimentin, alpha I-antichymotrypsin and CD68 were expressed in both the mononuclear and multinucleated giant cells. Dendritic mononuclear cells, positive for S-100 protein, were noted in 67.5% of the lesions, whereas lysozyme and leucocyte common antigen were detected in occasional mononuclear cells. Ultrastructural examination showed mononuclear cells with signs of phagocytosis and sometimes interdigitations with similar cells. Others presented non-specific characteristics and the third type exhibited cytoplasmic processes and occasional Birbeck granules. Some multinucleated giant cells showed oval nuclei, abundant mitochondria and granular endoplasmic reticulum whereas others presented with irregular nuclei and a great number of cytoplasmic vacuoles. CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural results suggest that PGCGs of the jaws are composed mainly of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system and that Langerhans cells are present in two thirds of the lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Carvalho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, State University of São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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24
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Whitaker SB, Bouquot JE. Estrogen and progesterone receptor status of central giant cell lesions of the jaws. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1994; 77:641-4. [PMID: 8065731 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(94)90327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that the central giant cell lesion (granuloma) of the jaws has a distinct female predilection. In addition, occasional cases of central giant cell lesion have been reported to have undergone marked proliferation in pregnant patients and in those undergoing hormonal therapy. As such, we have evaluated 10 central giant cell lesions for the detection of estrogen and progesterone receptor proteins with the use of immunoperoxidase staining. Surprisingly, however, immunostaining for estrogen receptor protein was essentially negative in all cases examined. Although an occasional mononuclear cell stained weakly positive for estrogen receptor protein, these findings suggest that in most cases, factors other than a direct influence of the ovarian hormones, estrogen and progesterone, are responsible for the development and growth of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Whitaker
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta
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25
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Momotani E, Kubo M, Ishikawa Y, Matsubara Y, Nakajima Y, Yoshino T. Immunohistochemical distribution of S-100 alpha-positive cells in bovine mycobacterial and non-mycobacterial granulomas. J Comp Pathol 1993; 108:291-301. [PMID: 8315057 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9975(08)80292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
By means of immunohistochemistry, the distribution of the alpha-subunit (S-100 alpha) and the beta-subunit (S-100 beta) of S-100 protein was studied in bovine granulomas caused by Actinomyces bovis, Actinobacillus lignieresi, Actinomyces (Corynebacterium) pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. S-100 alpha-positive epithelioid cells or dendritic cells were scattered among the predominantly S-100 alpha-negative cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). S-100 beta was not found in the MPS cells of granulomas but was observed in the endothelial cells of blood vessels. A positive reaction to S-100 was also seen in normal cells in the lymphoid and mammary tissues. Mycobacterial granulomas contained more S-100 alpha-positive cells than did non-mycobacterial ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Momotani
- National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Japan
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Momotani E, Yoshino T, Ishikawa Y, Nakajima Y. Immunohistochemical study of bovine lymph nodes with antibodies against S100 protein subunits: comparison between lymph nodes of healthy and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis-infected cattle. RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 1990; 141:771-82. [PMID: 2089532 DOI: 10.1016/0923-2494(90)90007-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Using immunohistochemistry, the differential distribution of the alpha subunit (S100 alpha) and beta subunit (S100 beta) of S100 protein was studied in mesenteric lymph nodes from normal or Mycobacterium paratuberculosis-infected cattle. In epithelioid cell granulomas, S100 alpha-positive epithelioid cells and some giant cells were scattered among S100 alpha-negative cells, which were predominant. The S100 beta-positive and -negative cells contained acid-fast bacilli. The presence of S100 beta-positive cells was not demonstrated in the granulomas. In normal component cells in the lymph nodes, follicular dendritic cells in the germinal centres and endothelium of lymphatic sinus and lymph vessels were positive for S100 alpha. S100 beta was positive only in the endothelial cells of blood vessels. Results shown in the present paper are discussed in light of results obtained in other work on human tissues using the same sources of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Momotani
- Hokkaido Branch Laboratory, National Institute of Animal Health, Sapporo, Japan
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Bonetti F, Pelosi G, Martignoni G, Mombello A, Zamboni G, Pea M, Scarpa A, Chilosi M. Peripheral giant cell granuloma: evidence for osteoclastic differentiation. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1990; 70:471-5. [PMID: 2216383 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(90)90213-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nine cases of peripheral giant cell granuloma of the oral cavity have been immunohistochemically analyzed to assess the nature of the giant cells. Giant cells were unreactive when tested with antibodies recognizing myelomonocytic and macrophage markers (lysozyme, MAC 387, HAM 56) but showed strong immunoreactivity with MB1, an antibody reactive with osteoclasts. It is concluded that giant cells characterizing giant cell granuloma exhibit a phenotype distinct from other giant cells found in sites of chronic inflammation and may be true osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bonetti
- Instituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università di Verona, Italy
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Abstract
Two types of multinucleated giant cells were observed in periapical granulomas--the foreign body type and the Touton type. In the Touton type, the nuclei were near the center of the cell, surrounded by foamy cytoplasm. Both types of giant cells reacted positively to lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, indicating their histiocytic origin.
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Cohen MA, Grossman ES, Thompson SH. Features of central giant cell granuloma of the jaws xenografted in nude mice. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1988; 66:209-17. [PMID: 3174055 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(88)90095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In order that the growth pattern and histologic and ultrastructural differentiation of the central giant cell granuloma of the jaws be studied, tissue from three lesions was transplanted into nude mice. Xenografts were harvested at 3 weeks, 5 weeks, 8 weeks, and 13 weeks and examined histologically and ultrastructurally. Implants could be identified as firm subcutaneous nodules, but after 3 weeks began regressing. At 13 weeks, almost total regression had occurred. Histologically, grafts were well vascularized and there was no evidence of necrosis. Typical multinucleated giant cells disappeared at an early stage. The ultrastructural features of the grafts showed giant cells lying in close association with uninuclear cells, features suggestive of a fusion process. Many cells containing microfilaments at their periphery were identified in the original lesional tissue as well as in the xenografts. These cells strongly resembled myofibroblasts. Collagen bundles were seen within the cytoplasm of stromal cells. The observations suggest that the multinucleated giant cells represent a stimulus-dependent, differentiated end-stage cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Cohen
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
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Regezi JA, Zarbo RJ, McClatchey KD, Courtney RM, Crissman JD. Osteosarcomas and chondrosarcomas of the jaws: immunohistochemical correlations. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1987; 64:302-7. [PMID: 2443891 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(87)90009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Clinical, microscopic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of 17 jaw sarcomas are reported. Histologic subtypes included chondroblastic (five), fibroblastic (five), osteoblastic (three), telangiectatic (one), parosteal (two), and chondrosarcoma (one). Reactivity for all antigenic markers in decalcified tissue was judged to be comparable to nondecalcified tissue. All neoplasms were nonreactive for muramidase and leukocyte common antigen. alpha-1 Antichymotrypsin and HLA-DR immunoreactivity was found focally. Positive S-100 staining was found predominantly in chondrocytes. All tumors were positive for vimentin. Cells in focal zones of cartilage were positive for keratin. No distinctive pattern emerged relative to clinical recurrence and histologic subtype or immunotype. Leukocyte common antigen determinations were useful because they distinguished between neoplastic and inflammatory cells. S-100 protein stains helped in the subclassification of chondroblastic osteosarcoma, and vimentin stains confirmed mesenchymal origin. Cross-reactive staining of cartilage with keratin antibodies was regarded as a possible diagnostic pitfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Regezi
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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