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Karpiński R, Szabelski J, Krakowski P, Jojczuk M, Jonak J, Nogalski A. Evaluation of the Effect of Selected Physiological Fluid Contaminants on the Mechanical Properties of Selected Medium-Viscosity PMMA Bone Cements. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062197. [PMID: 35329650 PMCID: PMC8951357 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Revision surgeries several years after the implantation of the prosthesis are unfavorable from the patient’s point of view as they expose him to additional discomfort, to risk of complications and are expensive. One of the factors responsible for the aseptic loosening of the prosthesis is the gradual degradation of the cement material as a result of working under considerable loads, in an aggressive environment of the human body. Contaminants present in the surgical field may significantly affect the durability of the bone cement and, consequently, of the entire bone-cement-prosthesis system. The paper presents the results of an analysis of selected mechanical properties of two medium-viscosity bone cements DePuy CMW3 Gentamicin and Heraeus Palamed, for the samples contaminated with saline and blood in the range of 1–10%. The results obtained for compressive strength and modulus of elasticity were subjected to statistical analysis, which estimated the nature of changes in these parameters depending on the amount and type of contamination and their statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Karpiński
- Department of Machine Design and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (R.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Jakub Szabelski
- Section of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Computerization and Production Robotization, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Przemysław Krakowski
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (M.J.); (A.N.)
- Orthopaedic Department, Łęczna Hospital, Krasnystawska 52, 21-010 Leczna, Poland
| | - Mariusz Jojczuk
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (M.J.); (A.N.)
| | - Józef Jonak
- Department of Machine Design and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Adam Nogalski
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (M.J.); (A.N.)
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Petre DG, Leeuwenburgh SCG. The Use of Fibers in Bone Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:141-159. [PMID: 33375900 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering aims to restore and maintain the function of bone by means of biomaterial-based scaffolds. This review specifically focuses on the use of fibers in biomaterials used for bone tissue engineering as suitable environment for bone tissue repair and regeneration. We present a bioinspired rationale behind the use of fibers in bone tissue engineering and provide an overview of the most common fiber fabrication methods, including solution, melt, and microfluidic spinning. Subsequently, we provide a brief overview of the composition of fibers that are used in bone tissue engineering, including fibers composed of (i) natural polymers (e.g., cellulose, collagen, gelatin, alginate, chitosan, and silk, (ii) synthetic polymers (e.g., polylactic acid [PLA], polycaprolactone, polyglycolic acid [PGA], polyethylene glycol, and polymer blends of PLA and PGA), (iii) ceramic fibers (e.g., aluminium oxide, titanium oxide, and zinc oxide), (iv) metallic fibers (e.g., titanium and its alloys, copper and magnesium), and (v) composite fibers. In addition, we review the most relevant fiber modification strategies that are used to enhance the (bio)functionality of these fibers. Finally, we provide an overview of the applicability of fibers in biomaterials for bone tissue engineering, with a specific focus on mechanical, pharmaceutical, and biological properties of fiber-functionalized biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. Impact statement Natural bone is a complex composite material composed of an extracellular matrix of mineralized fibers containing living cells and bioactive molecules. Consequently, the use of fibers in biomaterial-based scaffolds offers a wide variety of opportunities to replicate the functional performance of bone. This review provides an overview of the use of fibers in biomaterials for bone tissue engineering, thereby contributing to the design of novel fiber-functionalized bone-substituting biomaterials of improved functionality regarding their mechanical, pharmaceutical, and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Geta Petre
- Department of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander C G Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Alsahafi RA, Mitwalli HA, Balhaddad AA, Weir MD, Xu HHK, Melo MAS. Regenerating Craniofacial Dental Defects With Calcium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds: Current Status and Innovative Scope Review. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.743065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The management and treatment of dental and craniofacial injuries have continued to evolve throughout the last several decades. Limitations with autograft, allograft, and synthetics created the need for more advanced approaches in tissue engineering. Calcium phosphate cements (CPC) are frequently used to repair bone defects. Since their discovery in the 1980s, extensive research has been conducted to improve their properties, and emerging evidence supports their increased application in bone tissue engineering. This review focuses on the up-to-date performance of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds and upcoming promising dental and craniofacial bone regeneration strategies. First, we summarized the barriers encountered in CPC scaffold development. Second, we compiled the most up to date in vitro and in vivo literature. Then, we conducted a systematic search of scientific articles in MEDLINE and EMBASE to screen the related studies. Lastly, we revealed the current developments to effectively design CPC scaffolds and track the enhanced viability and therapeutic efficacy to overcome the current limitations and upcoming perspectives. Finally, we presented a timely and opportune review article focusing on the significant potential of CPC scaffolds for dental and craniofacial bone regeneration, which will be discussed thoroughly. CPC offers multiple capabilities that may be considered toward the oral defects, expecting a future outlook in nanotechnology design and performance.
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Bioactive Calcium Phosphate-Based Composites for Bone Regeneration. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5090227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphates (CaPs) are widely accepted biomaterials able to promote the regeneration of bone tissue. However, the regeneration of critical-sized bone defects has been considered challenging, and the development of bioceramics exhibiting enhanced bioactivity, bioresorbability and mechanical performance is highly demanded. In this respect, the tuning of their chemical composition, crystal size and morphology have been the matter of intense research in the last decades, including the preparation of composites. The development of effective bioceramic composite scaffolds relies on effective manufacturing techniques able to control the final multi-scale porosity of the devices, relevant to ensure osteointegration and bio-competent mechanical performance. In this context, the present work provides an overview about the reported strategies to develop and optimize bioceramics, while also highlighting future perspectives in the development of bioactive ceramic composites for bone tissue regeneration.
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Medvecky L, Giretova M, Stulajterova R, Luptakova L, Sopcak T. Tetracalcium Phosphate/Monetite/Calcium Sulfate Hemihdrate Biocement Powder Mixtures Prepared by the One-Step Synthesis for Preparation of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite Biocement-Properties and In Vitro Evaluation. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092137. [PMID: 33922310 PMCID: PMC8122770 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A modified one-step process was used to prepare tetracalcium phosphate/monetite/calcium sulfate hemihydrate powder cement mixtures (CAS). The procedure allowed the formation of monetite and calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) in the form of nanoparticles. It was hypothesized that the presence of nanoCSH in small amounts enhances the in vitro bioactivity of CAS cement in relation to osteogenic gene markers in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The CAS powder mixtures with 15 and 5 wt.% CSH were prepared by milling powder tetracalcium phosphate in an ethanolic solution of both orthophosphoric and sulfuric acids. The CAS cements had short setting times (around 5 min). The fast setting of the cement samples after the addition of the liquid component (water solution of NaH2PO4) was due to the partial formation of calcium sulfate dihydrate and hydroxyapatite before soaking in SBF with a small change in the original phase composition in cement powder samples after milling. Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite biocement was produced by soaking of cement samples after setting in simulated body fluid (SBF). The fast release of calcium ions from CAS5 cement, as well as a small rise in the pH of SBF during soaking, were demonstrated. After soaking in SBF for 7 days, the final product of the cement transformation was nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite. The compressive strength of the cement samples (up to 30 MPa) after soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) was comparable to that of bone. Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed statistically significant higher gene expressions of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteonectin (ON) and osteopontin (OP) in cells cultured for 14 days in CAS5 extract compared to CSH-free cement. The addition of a small amount of nanoCSH (5 wt.%) to the tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP)/monetite cement mixture significantly promoted the over expression of osteogenic markers in MSCs. The prepared CAS powder mixture with its enhanced bioactivity can be used for bone defect treatment and has good potential for bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomir Medvecky
- Department of Functional and Hybrid Materials, Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 04 001 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.G.); (R.S.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Giretova
- Department of Functional and Hybrid Materials, Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 04 001 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.G.); (R.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Radoslava Stulajterova
- Department of Functional and Hybrid Materials, Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 04 001 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.G.); (R.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Lenka Luptakova
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Tibor Sopcak
- Department of Functional and Hybrid Materials, Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 04 001 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.G.); (R.S.); (T.S.)
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Ahmad W, Khan M, Smarzewski P. Effect of Short Fiber Reinforcements on Fracture Performance of Cement-Based Materials: A Systematic Review Approach. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1745. [PMID: 33916298 PMCID: PMC8037312 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fracture characteristics were used to effectively evaluate the performance of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites. The fracture parameters provided the basis for crack stability analysis, service performance, safety evaluation, and protection. Much research has been carried out in the proposed study field over the previous two decades. Therefore, it was required to analyze the research trend from the available bibliometric data. In this study, the scientometric analysis and science mapping techniques were performed along with a comprehensive discussion to identify the relevant publication field, highly used keywords, most active authors, most cited articles, and regions with largest impact on the field of fracture properties of cement-based materials (CBMs). Furthermore, the characteristic of various fibers such as steel, polymeric, inorganic, and carbon fibers are discussed, and the factors affecting the fracture properties of fiber-reinforced CBMs (FRCBMs) are reviewed. In addition, future gaps are identified. The graphical representation based on the scientometric review could be helpful for research scholars from different countries in developing research cooperation, creating joint ventures, and exchanging innovative technologies and ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan;
| | - Mehran Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Piotr Smarzewski
- Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
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Qiu G, Huang M, Liu J, Wang P, Schneider A, Ren K, Oates TW, Weir MD, Xu HHK, Zhao L. Antibacterial calcium phosphate cement with human periodontal ligament stem cell-microbeads to enhance bone regeneration and combat infection. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:232-243. [PMID: 33434402 DOI: 10.1002/term.3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bone defects remain a significant challenge in orthopedics and dentistry. Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) have attracted significant interest in use as local drug delivery system, which with great potential to control release of antibiotics for the treatment of infectious bone defects. Within the current study, a novel antibacterial scaffold of chitosan-reinforced calcium phosphate cement delivering doxycycline hyclate (CPCC + DOX) was developed. Furthermore, the capacity of CPCC + DOX scaffolds for bone regeneration was enhanced by the human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) encapsulated in alginate beads. CPCC + DOX scaffolds were fabricated to contain different concentrations of DOX. Flexural strength of CPCC + DOX ranged from 5.56 ± 0.70 to 6.2 ± 0.72 MPa, which exceeded the reported strength of cancellous bone. Scaffolds exhibited continual DOX release, reaching 80% at 21 days. Scaffold with 5 mg/ml DOX (CPCC + DOX5mg) had a strong antibacterial effect, with a 4-log colony forming unit reduction against S. aureus and P. gingivalis. The proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs encapsulated in alginate hydrogel microbeads were investigated in culture with CPCC + DOX scaffolds. CPCC + DOX5mg had no negative effect on proliferation of hPDLSCs. Alkaline phosphatase activity, mineral synthesis, and osteogenic gene expressions for CPCC + DOX5mg group were much higher than control group. DOX did not compromise the osteogenic induction. In summary, the novel CPCC + DOX scaffold exhibited excellent mechanical properties and strong antibacterial activity, while supporting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. The CPCC + DOX + hPDLSCs construct is promising to enhance bone regeneration and combat bone infections in dental, craniofacial, and orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengtao Qiu
- Department of Trauma and Joint Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mingguang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Key Laboratory of Shannxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ke Ren
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Trauma and Joint Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Şahin E, Çiftçioğlu M. Compositional, microstructural and mechanical effects of NaCl porogens in brushite cement scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 116:104363. [PMID: 33550144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Modification of the setting process of brushite cements by varying the concentration of ions that alter calcium phosphate crystallization kinetics, is known to enable control on the monetite conversion extent and the accompanying microporosity. This is useful because monetite serves as a suitable matrix in macroporous scaffolds due to its higher phase stability and finer crystal morphology compared to its hydrous counterpart brushite. In this study the synergistic effect of NaCl and citric acid on the microstructural evolution of brushite cement was demonstrated and microporosity of macroporous monetite-rich cement blocks was minimized by a variable NaCl porogen size distribution approach. Initially, maximum packing ratio of various combinations of NaCl size groups in PEG were determined by their rheological analysis in a range between 57% and 69%. Statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation between the amounts of NaCl particles under 38μm and 212μm and the maximum packing ratio. Further broadening the size distributions of NaCl porogens with fine cement precursors was effective in increasing the solids packing ratio of cement blocks more than the maximum packing ratio for the porogens. This improvement in packing was accompanied by a reduction in microporosity despite the increase in micropore volume with ion induced monetite formation. The detrimental effect of the microporosity introduced to the structure during monetite formation was balanced for some size distributions and not so much for others, thereby resulting in a wide range of porosities and mechanical properties. Thus, the exponential dependence of mechanical properties on porosity and the mechanical properties of monetite-rich macroporous blocks at the theoretical zero-porosity were determined according to Rice's model. Zero-porosity extrapolations were much higher than those predicted for brushite cement, contrary to the common assumption that brushite is mechanically stronger than monetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Şahin
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey.
| | - Muhsin Çiftçioğlu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey.
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Lodoso-Torrecilla I, van den Beucken J, Jansen J. Calcium phosphate cements: Optimization toward biodegradability. Acta Biomater 2021; 119:1-12. [PMID: 33065287 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics represent the most widely used biomaterials for bone regenerative treatments due to their biological performance that is characterized by bioactivity and osteoconductive properties. From a clinical perspective, injectable CaP cements (CPCs) are highly appealing, as CPCs can be applied using minimally invasive surgery and can be molded to optimally fill irregular bone defects. Such CPCs are prepared from a powder and a liquid component, which upon mixing form a paste that can be injected into a bone defect and hardens in situ within an appropriate clinical time window. However, a major drawback of CPCs is their poor degradability. Ideally, CPCs should degrade at a suitable pace to allow for concomitant new bone to form. To overcome this shortcoming, control over CPC degradation has been explored using multiple approaches that introduce macroporosity within CPCs. This strategy enables faster degradation of CPC by increasing the surface area available to interact with the biological surroundings, leading to accelerated new bone formation. For a comprehensive overview of the path to degradable CPCs, this review presents the experimental procedures followed for their development with specific emphasis on (bio)material properties and biological performance in pre-clinical bone defect models.
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Wu S, Lei L, Bao C, Liu J, Weir MD, Ren K, Schneider A, Oates TW, Liu J, Xu HHK. An injectable and antibacterial calcium phosphate scaffold inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and supporting stem cells for bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111688. [PMID: 33545850 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the major pathogen for osteomyelitis, which can lead to bone necrosis and destruction. There has been no report on antibacterial calcium phosphate cement (CPC) against S. aureus. The aims of this study were to: (1) develop novel antibacterial CPC-chitosan-alginate microbead scaffold; (2) investigate mechanical and antibacterial properties of CPC-chitosan-penicillin-alginate scaffold; (3) evaluate the encapsulation and delivery of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). Flexural strength, elastic modulus and work-of-fracture of the CPC-chitosan-penicillin-alginate microbeads scaffold and CPC-chitosan scaffold were evaluated. Penicillin release profile and antibacterial effects on S. aureus were determined. The hUCMSC delivery and release from penicillin-alginate microbeads were investigated. Injectable CPC-chitosan-penicillin-alginate microbeads scaffold was developed for the first time. CPC-chitosan-penicillin-alginate microbeads scaffold had a flexural strength of 3.16 ± 0.55 MPa, matching that of cancellous bone. With sustained penicillin release, the new scaffold had strong antibacterial effects on S. aureus, with an inhibition zone diameter of 32.2 ± 2.5 mm, greater than that of penicillin disk control (15.1 ± 2.0 mm) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, this injectable and antibacterial scaffold had no toxic effects, yielding excellent hUCMSC viability, which was similar to that of CPC control without antibacterial activity (p > 0.05). CPC-chitosan-penicillin-microbeads scaffold had injectability, good strength, strong antibacterial effects, and good biocompatibility to support stem cell viability for osteogenesis. CPC-chitosan-penicillin-microbeads scaffold is promising for dental, craniofacial and orthopedic applications to combat infections and promote bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chongyun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Key Laboratory of Shannxi for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shannxi for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi 710004, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ke Ren
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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11
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Chen H, Yang H, Weir MD, Schneider A, Ren K, Homayounfar N, Oates TW, Zhang K, Liu J, Hu T, Xu HHK. An antibacterial and injectable calcium phosphate scaffold delivering human periodontal ligament stem cells for bone tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40157-40170. [PMID: 35520873 PMCID: PMC9057516 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06873j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis and post-operative infections are major problems in orthopedic, dental and craniofacial surgeries. It is highly desirable for a tissue engineering construct to kill bacteria, while simultaneously delivering stem cells and enhancing cell function and tissue regeneration. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffold containing antibiotic ornidazole (ORZ) while encapsulating human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), and (2) investigate the inhibition efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and the promotion of hPDLSC function for osteogenesis for the first time. ORZ was incorporated into a CPC-chitosan scaffold. hPDLSCs were encapsulated in alginate microbeads (denoted hPDLSCbeads). The ORZ-loaded CPCC+hPDLSCbeads scaffold was fully injectable, and had a flexural strength of 3.50 ± 0.92 MPa and an elastic modulus of 1.30 ± 0.45 GPa, matching those of natural cancellous bone. With 6 days of sustained ORZ release, the CPCC+10ORZ (10% ORZ) scaffold had strong antibacterial effects on S. aureus, with an inhibition zone of 12.47 ± 1.01 mm. No colonies were observed in the CPCC+10ORZ group from 3 to 7 days. ORZ-containing scaffolds were biocompatible with hPDLSCs. CPCC+10ORZ+hPDLSCbeads scaffold with osteogenic medium had 2.4-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone mineral synthesis by hPDLSCs, as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the novel antibacterial construct with stem cell delivery had injectability, good strength, strong antibacterial effects and biocompatibility, supporting osteogenic differentiation and bone mineral synthesis of hPDLSCs. The injectable and mechanically-strong CPCC+10ORZ+hPDLSCbeads construct has great potential for treating bone infections and promoting bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Endodontics, College of Stomatological, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry Baltimore USA
- Member, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Ke Ren
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Negar Homayounfar
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
- Key Laboratory of Shannxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shannxi China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
- Member, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 USA
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12
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Wu S, Lei L, Zhang H, Liu J, Weir MD, Schneider A, Zhao L, Liu J, Xu HH. Nanographene oxide‐calcium phosphate to inhibit
Staphylococcus aureus
infection and support stem cells for bone tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1779-1791. [PMID: 33025745 DOI: 10.1002/term.3139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shizhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD USA
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jin Liu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD USA
- Key Laboratory of Shannxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shannxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD USA
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences University of Maryland School of Dentistry Baltimore MD USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hockin H.K. Xu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
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13
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Honda M, Kawanobe Y, Nagata K, Ishii K, Matsumoto M, Aizawa M. Bactericidal and Bioresorbable Calcium Phosphate Cements Fabricated by Silver-Containing Tricalcium Phosphate Microspheres. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113745. [PMID: 32466460 PMCID: PMC7312163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion to the calcium phosphate surface is a serious problem in surgery. To prevent bacterial infection, the development of calcium-phosphate cements (CPCs) with bactericidal properties is indispensable. The aim of this study was to fabricate antibacterial CPCs and evaluate their biological properties. Silver-containing tricalcium phosphate (Ag-TCP) microspheres consisting of α/β-TCP phases were synthesized by an ultrasonic spray-pyrolysis technique. The powders prepared were mixed with the setting liquid to fabricate the CPCs. The resulting cements consisting of β-TCP and hydroxyapatite had a porous structure and wash-out resistance. Additionally, silver and calcium ions could be released into the culture medium from Ag-TCP cements for a long time accompanied by the dissolution of TCP. These data showed the bioresorbability of the Ag-TCP cement. In vitro antibacterial evaluation demonstrated that both released and immobilized silver suppressed the growth of bacteria and prevented bacterial adhesion to the surface of CPCs. Furthermore, histological evaluation by implantation of Ag-TCP cements into rabbit tibiae exhibited abundant bone apposition on the cement without inflammatory responses. These results showed that Ag-TCP cement has a good antibacterial property and good biocompatibility. The present Ag-TCP cements are promising for bone tissue engineering and may be used as antibacterial biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Honda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.N.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-44-934-7210
| | - Yusuke Kawanobe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.N.); (M.A.)
| | - Kohei Nagata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.N.); (M.A.)
| | - Ken Ishii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, 1-4-3, Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8329, Japan;
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
| | - Mamoru Aizawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.N.); (M.A.)
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14
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Lodoso-Torrecilla I, Grosfeld EC, Marra A, Smith BT, Mikos AG, Ulrich DJ, Jansen JA, van den Beucken JJ. Multimodal porogen platforms for calcium phosphate cement degradation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:1713-1722. [PMID: 30920119 PMCID: PMC6618311 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) represent excellent bone substitute materials due to their biocompatibility and injectability. However, their poor degradability and lack of macroporosity limits bone regeneration. The addition of poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles improves macroporosity and therefore late stage material degradation. CPC degradation and hence, bone formation at an early stage remains challenging, due to the delayed onset of PLGA degradation (i.e., after 2-3 weeks). Consequently, we here explored multimodal porogen platforms based on sucrose porogens (for early pore formation) and PLGA porogens (for late pore formation) to enhance CPC degradation and analyzed mechanical properties, dynamic in vitro degradation and in vivo performance in a rat femoral bone defect model. Porogen addition to CPC showed to decrease compressive strength of all CPC formulations; transition of the crystal phase upon in vitro incubation increased compressive strength. Although dynamic in vitro degradation showed rapid sucrose dissolution within 1 week, no additional effects on CPC degradation or bone formation were observed upon in vivo implantation. © 2019 The Authors. journal Of Biomedical Materials Research Part A Published By Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1713-1722, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lodoso-Torrecilla
- Department of Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eline-Claire Grosfeld
- Department of Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Abe Marra
- Department of Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brandon T Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Dietmar Jo Ulrich
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John A Jansen
- Department of Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Jjp van den Beucken
- Department of Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Fukuda N, Ishikawa K, Akita K, Kamada K, Kurio N, Mori Y, Miyamoto Y. Effects of acidic calcium phosphate concentration on setting reaction and tissue response to β-tricalcium phosphate granular cement. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:22-29. [PMID: 30884116 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Beta-tricalcium phosphate granular cement (β-TCP GC), consisting of β-TCP granules and an acidic calcium phosphate (Ca-P) solution, shows promise in the reconstruction of bone defects as it sets to form interconnected porous structures, that is, β-TCP granules are bridged with dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) crystals. In this study, the effects of acidic Ca-P solution concentration (0-600 mmol/L) on the setting reaction and tissue response to β-TCP GC were investigated. The β-TCP GC set upon mixing with its liquid phase, based on the formation of DCPD crystals, which bridged β-TCP granules to one another. Diametral tensile strength of the set β-TCP GC was relatively the same, at ∼0.6 MPa, when the Ca-P concentration was 20-600 mmol/L. Due to the setting ability, reconstruction of the rat's calvarial bone defect using β-TCP GC with 20, 200, and 600 mmol/L Ca-P solution was much easier compared to that with β-TCP granules without setting ability. Four weeks after the reconstruction, the amount of new bone was the same, ∼17% in both β-TCP GC and β-TCP granules groups. Cellular response to β-TCP granules and β-TCP GC using the 20 mmol/L acidic Ca-P solution was almost the same. However, β-TCP GC using the 200 and 600 mmol/L acidic Ca-P solution showed a more severe inflammatory reaction. It is concluded, therefore, that β-TCP GC, using the 20 mmol/L acidic Ca-P solution, is recommended as this concentration allows surgical techniques to be performed easily and provides good mechanical strength, and the similar cellular response to β-TCP granules. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 108B:22-29, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Fukuda
- Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Sciences, Clinical Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Kunio Ishikawa
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuya Akita
- Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Sciences, Clinical Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kamada
- Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Sciences, Clinical Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Naito Kurio
- Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Sciences, Clinical Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Mori
- Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Youji Miyamoto
- Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Sciences, Clinical Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
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16
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Hu M, He Z, Han F, Shi C, Zhou P, Ling F, Zhu X, Yang H, Li B. Reinforcement of calcium phosphate cement using alkaline-treated silk fibroin. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7183-7193. [PMID: 30519015 PMCID: PMC6233488 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s172881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone cement plays an important role in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a potential alternative to poly(methyl methacrylate), currently the gold standard of bone cements. However, the poor mechanical properties of CPCs limit their clinical applications. The objective of this study was to develop reinforced CPCs for minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries by compositing silk fibroin (SF) with α-tricalcium phosphate. METHODS SF solution was treated with calcium hydroxide and characterized by Zeta potential analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The alkaline-treated SF (tSF) was com-posited with α-tricalcium phosphate to obtain tSF/CPC composite, which was characterized using mechanical tests, scanning electron microscopy, handling property and biocompatibility tests, and sheep vertebral augmentation tests. RESULTS Upon treatment with calcium hydroxide, larger SF particles and more abundant negative charge appeared in tSF solution. The tSF/CPCs exhibited a compact structure, which consisted of numerous SF -CPC clusters and needle-like hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals. In addition, high transition rate of HAp in tSF/CPCs was achieved. As a result, the mechanical property of tSF/ CPC composite cements was enhanced remarkably, with the compressive strength reaching as high as 56.3±1.1 MPa. Moreover, the tSF/CPC cements showed good injectability, anti-washout property, and decent biocompatibility. The tSF/CPCs could be used to augment defected sheep vertebrae to restore their mechanical strength. CONCLUSION tSF/CPC may be a promising composite bone cement for minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muli Hu
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,
| | - Zhiwei He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengxuan Han
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,
| | - Chen Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pinghui Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,
| | - Feng Ling
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,
| | - Xuesong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,
- China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China,
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17
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18
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Rödel M, Teßmar J, Groll J, Gbureck U. Highly flexible and degradable dual setting systems based on PEG-hydrogels and brushite cement. Acta Biomater 2018; 79:182-201. [PMID: 30149213 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
With respect to the composition of natural bone, we established a degradable dual setting system of different poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels combined with a brushite cement. The idea was to reinforce the inorganic calcium phosphate mineral phase with an organic, polymeric phase to alter the cement's properties towards ductility and elasticity. Extremely flexible samples were produced via this dual setting approach with a fully reversible elasticity of the samples containing high molecular weight PEG-based hydrogel precursors. Using the decalcifying agent EDTA, the whole inorganic phase was dissolved due to Ca2+-complexation and dimensionally stable hydrogels were obtained, indicating a homogenous polymeric phase within the composites. This was also confirmed by SEM-analysis, where no discontinuities or agglomerations of the phase were observed. Additional XRD-measurements proved a significant influence of the coherent polymeric matrix on the conversion from β-TCP/MCPA to brushite with a decrease in signal intensity. The results confirmed a parallelly running process of setting reaction and gelation without an inhibition of the conversion to brushite and the formation of interpenetrating networks of hydrogel and cement. The strengths of this newly developed dual setting system are based on the material degradability as well as flexibility, which can be a promising tool for bone regeneration applications in non-load bearing craniomaxillofacial defects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Brushite based calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are known as bone replacement materials, which degrade in vivo and are replaced by native bone. However, the pure inorganic material shows a brittle fracture behavior. Here, the addition of a polymeric phase can influence the mechanical properties to create more ductile and flexible materials. This polymeric phase should ideally form during cement setting by a polymerization reaction to achieve high polymer loads without altering cement viscosity and it should be degradable in vivo similar to the cement itself. Therefore, we developed a dual setting system based on simultaneous cement setting of brushite and lactide modified poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEG-PLLA-DMA)-based hydrogel. It was evident that the gels form a continuous phase within the cement after radical polymerization with a strong reduction of cement brittleness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Rödel
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Teßmar
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
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19
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Smith BT, Lu A, Watson E, Santoro M, Melchiorri AJ, Grosfeld EC, van den Beucken JJJP, Jansen JA, Scott DW, Fisher JP, Mikos AG. Incorporation of fast dissolving glucose porogens and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles within calcium phosphate cements for bone tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater 2018; 78:341-350. [PMID: 30075321 PMCID: PMC6650161 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of incorporating glucose microparticles (GMPs) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles (PLGA MPs) within a calcium phosphate cement on the cement's handling, physicochemical properties, and the respective pore formation. Composites were fabricated with two different weight fractions of GMPs (10 and 20 wt%) and two different weight fractions of PLGA MPs (10 and 20 wt%). Samples were assayed for porosity, pore morphology, and compressive mechanical properties. An in vitro degradation study was also conducted. Samples were exposed to a physiological solution for 3 days, 4 wks, and 8 wks in order to understand how the inclusion of GMPs and PLGA MPs affects the composite's porosity and mass loss over time. GMPs and PLGA MPs were both successfully incorporated within the composites and all formulations showed an initial setting time that is appropriate for clinical applications. Through a main effects analysis, we observed that the incorporation of GMPs had a significant effect on the overall porosity, mean pore size, mode pore size, and in vitro degradation rate of PLGA MPs as early as after 3 days (p < 0.05). After 4 wks and 8 wks, these same properties were affected by the inclusion of both types of MPs (p < 0.05). Advanced polymer chromatography confirmed that the degradation of PLGA MPs coincided with an increase in composite porosity, mean pore size, and mode pore size. Finally, it was observed that the inclusion of GMPs slowed the degradation of PLGA MPs in vitro and reduced the solution acidity due to PLGA degradation products. Our results suggest that the dual inclusion of GMPs and PLGA MPs is a valuable approach for the generation of early macropores, while also mitigating the effect of acidic degradation products from PLGA MPs on their degradation kinetics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE A multitude of strategies and techniques have been investigated for the introduction of macropores with calcium phosphate cements (CPC). However, many of these strategies take several weeks to months to generate a maximal porosity or the degradation products of the porogen can trigger a localized inflammatory response in vivo. As such, it was hypothesized that the fast dissolution of glucose microparticles (GMPs) in a CPC composite also incorporating poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles (MPs) will create an initial macroporosity and increase the surface area within the CPC, thus enhancing the diffusion of PLGA degradation products and preventing a significant decrease in pH. Furthermore, as PLGA degradation occurs over several weeks to months, additional macroporosity will be generated at later time points within CPCs. The results offer a new method for generating macroporosity in a multimodal fashion that also mitigates the effects of acidic degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon T Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; NIH / NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Emma Watson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; NIH / NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marco Santoro
- NIH / NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, USA; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Dr, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Anthony J Melchiorri
- Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; NIH / NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, USA
| | - Eline C Grosfeld
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - John A Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David W Scott
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John P Fisher
- NIH / NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, USA; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Dr, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; NIH / NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, USA.
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20
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Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4) Formulations. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5975-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Guo Y, Tan Y, Liu Y, Liu S, Zhou R, Tang H. Low modulus and bioactive Ti/α-TCP/Ti-mesh composite prepared by spark plasma sintering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 80:197-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Al Thaher Y, Perni S, Prokopovich P. Nano-carrier based drug delivery systems for sustained antimicrobial agent release from orthopaedic cementous material. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 249:234-247. [PMID: 28477865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Total joint replacement (TJR), such as hip and knee replacement, is a popular procedure worldwide. Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) after this procedure have been widely reported, where treatment of such infections is complex with high cost and prolonged hospital stay. In cemented arthroplasties, the use of antibiotic loaded bone cement (ALBC) is a standard practice for the prophylaxis and treatment of PJI. Recently, the development of bacterial resistance by pathogenic microorganisms against most commonly used antibiotics increased the interest in alternative approaches for antimicrobial delivery systems such as nanotechnology. This review summarizes the efforts made to improve the antimicrobial properties of PMMA bone cements using nanotechnology based antibiotic and non-antibiotic delivery systems to overcome drawbacks of ALBC in the prophylaxis and treatment of PJIs after hip and knee replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Al Thaher
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stefano Perni
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Polina Prokopovich
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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23
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Lodoso-Torrecilla I, van Gestel NAP, Diaz-Gomez L, Grosfeld EC, Laperre K, Wolke JGC, Smith BT, Arts JJ, Mikos AG, Jansen JA, Hofmann S, van den Beucken JJJP. Multimodal pore formation in calcium phosphate cements. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:500-509. [PMID: 28940662 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are commonly used as bone substitute materials. However, their slow degradation rate and lack of macroporosity hinders new bone formation. Poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) incorporation is of great interest as, upon degradation, produces acidic by-products that enhance CPC degradation. Yet, new bone formation is delayed until PLGA degradation occurs a few weeks after implantation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to accelerate the early stage pore formation within CPCs in vitro. With that purpose, we incorporated the water-soluble porogen sucrose at different weight percentages (10 or 20 wt %) to CPC and CPC/PLGA composites. The results revealed that incorporation of sucrose porogens increased mass loss within the first week of in vitro degradation in groups containing sucrose compared to control groups. After week 1, a further mass loss was observed related to PLGA and CPC degradation. Macroporosity analysis confirmed that macroporosity formation is influenced by the dissolution of sucrose at an early stage and by the degradation of PLGA and CPC at a later stage. We concluded that the combination of sucrose and PLGA porogens in CPC is a promising approach to promote early stage bone tissue ingrowth and complete replacement of CPC through multimodal pore formation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 500-509, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole A P van Gestel
- Orthopedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luis Diaz-Gomez
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | | | | | - Joop G C Wolke
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brandon T Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Jacobus J Arts
- Orthopedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77030.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005
| | - John A Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Hofmann
- Orthopedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Biomechanics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETHZ), Zürich, Switzerland
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Enhanced bone formation in sheep vertebral bodies after minimally invasive treatment with a novel, PLGA fiber-reinforced brushite cement. Spine J 2017; 17:709-719. [PMID: 27871820 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Injectable, brushite-forming calcium phosphate cements (CPC) show potential for bone replacement, but they exhibit low mechanical strength. This study tested a CPC reinforced with poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) fibers in a minimally invasive, sheep lumbar vertebroplasty model. PURPOSE The study aimed to test the in vivo biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of a PLGA fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming CPC in a sheep large animal model. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING This is a prospective experimental animal study. METHODS Bone defects (diameter: 5 mm) were placed in aged, osteopenic female sheep, and left empty (L2) or injected with pure CPC (L3) or PLGA fiber-reinforced CPC (L4; fiber diameter: 25 µm; length: 1 mm; 10% [wt/wt]). Three and 9 months postoperation (n=20 each), the structural and functional CPC effects on bone regeneration were documented ex vivo by osteodensitometry, histomorphometry, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and biomechanical testing. RESULTS Addition of PLGA fibers enhanced CPC osteoconductivity and augmented bone formation. This was demonstrated by (1) significantly enhanced structural (bone volume/total volume, shown by micro-CT and histomorphometry; 3 or 9 months) and bone formation parameters (osteoid volume and osteoid surface; 9 months); (2) numerically enhanced bone mineral density (3 and 9 months) and biomechanical compression strength (9 months); and (3) numerically decreased bone erosion (eroded surface; 3 and 9 months). CONCLUSIONS The PLGA fiber-reinforced CPC is highly biocompatible and its PLGA fiber component enhanced bone formation. Also, PLGA fibers improve the mechanical properties of brittle CPC, with potential applicability in load-bearing areas.
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Anitha A, Joseph J, Menon D, Nair SV, Nair MB. Electrospun Yarn Reinforced NanoHA Composite Matrix as a Potential Bone Substitute for Enhanced Regeneration of Segmental Defects. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:345-358. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Anitha
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin, India
| | - John Joseph
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin, India
| | - Deepthy Menon
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin, India
| | - Shantikumar V. Nair
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin, India
| | - Manitha B. Nair
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin, India
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Boire TC, Balikov DA, Lee Y, Guth CM, Cheung-Flynn J, Sung HJ. Biomaterial-Based Approaches to Address Vein Graft and Hemodialysis Access Failures. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:1860-1880. [PMID: 27673474 PMCID: PMC5156561 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Veins used as grafts in heart bypass or as access points in hemodialysis exhibit high failure rates, thereby causing significant morbidity and mortality for patients. Interventional or revisional surgeries required to correct these failures have been met with limited success and exorbitant costs, particularly for the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Vein stenosis or occlusion leading to failure is primarily the result of neointimal hyperplasia. Systemic therapies have achieved little long-term success, indicating the need for more localized, sustained, biomaterial-based solutions. Numerous studies have demonstrated the ability of external stents to reduce neointimal hyperplasia. However, successful results from animal models have failed to translate to the clinic thus far, and no external stent is currently approved for use in the US to prevent vein graft or hemodialysis access failures. This review discusses current progress in the field, design considerations, and future perspectives for biomaterial-based external stents. More comparative studies iteratively modulating biomaterial and biomaterial-drug approaches are critical in addressing mechanistic knowledge gaps associated with external stent application to the arteriovenous environment. Addressing these gaps will ultimately lead to more viable solutions that prevent vein graft and hemodialysis access failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Boire
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 37235, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel A Balikov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 37235, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yunki Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 37235, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christy M Guth
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Joyce Cheung-Flynn
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 37235, Nashville, TN, USA
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
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Hierarchical structures of β-TCP/45S5 bioglass hybrid scaffolds prepared by gelcasting. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 62:10-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Maenz S, Hennig M, Mühlstädt M, Kunisch E, Bungartz M, Brinkmann O, Bossert J, Kinne RW, Jandt KD. Effects of oxygen plasma treatment on interfacial shear strength and post-peak residual strength of a PLGA fiber-reinforced brushite cement. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 57:347-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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29
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Nakhoda HM, Dahman Y. Mechanical properties and biodegradability of porous polyurethanes reinforced with green nanofibers for applications in tissue engineering. Polym Bull (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1592-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Calcium phosphate biocements based on calcium phosphate chemistry are well-established biomaterials for the repair of non-load bearing bone defects due to the brittle nature and low flexural strength of such cements. This article features reinforcement strategies of biocements based on various intrinsic or extrinsic material modifications to improve their strength and toughness. Altering particle size distribution in conjunction with using liquefiers reduces the amount of cement liquid necessary for cement paste preparation. This in turn decreases cement porosity and increases the mechanical performance, but does not change the brittle nature of the cements. The use of fibers may lead to a reinforcement of the matrix with a toughness increase of up to two orders of magnitude, but restricts at the same time cement injection for minimal invasive application techniques. A novel promising approach is the concept of dual-setting cements, in which a second hydrogel phase is simultaneously formed during setting, leading to more ductile cement–hydrogel composites with largely unaffected application properties.
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31
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Wu T, Shi H, Ye J. Effect of PLGA/lecithin hybrid microspheres and β-tricalcium phosphate granules on the physicochemical properties, in vitro degradation and biocompatibility of calcium phosphate cement. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06861d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CPC with beta-TCP granules and PLGA/Lec microspheres reveals better degradability and cell affinity along with proper physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
| | - Haishan Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
| | - Jiandong Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
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Liu J, Chen W, Zhao Z, Xu HH. Effect of NELL1 gene overexpression in iPSC-MSCs seeded on calcium phosphate cement. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:5128-5138. [PMID: 25220281 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs) are a promising source of patient-specific stem cells with great regenerative potential. There has been no report on NEL-like protein 1 (NELL1) gene modification of iPSC-MSCs. The objectives of this study were to genetically modify iPSC-MSCs with NELL1 overexpression for bone tissue engineering, and investigate the osteogenic differentiation of NELL1 gene-modified iPSC-MSCs seeded on Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-grafted calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffold. Cells were transduced with red fluorescence protein (RFP-iPSC-MSCs) or NELL1 (NELL1-iPSC-MSCs) by a lentiviral vector. Cell proliferation on RGD-grafted CPC scaffold, osteogenic differentiation and bone mineral synthesis were evaluated. RFP-iPSC-MSCs stably expressed high levels of RFP. Both the NELL1 gene and NELL1 protein levels were confirmed higher in NELL1-iPSC-MSCs than in RFP-iPSC-MSCs using RT-PCR and Western blot (P<0.05). Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased by 130% by NELL1 overexpression at 14days (P<0.05), indicating that NELL1 promoted iPSC-MSC osteogenic differentiation. When seeded on RGD-grafted CPC, NELL1-iPSC-MSCs attached and expanded similarly well to RFP-iPSC-MSCs. At 14days, the runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene level of NELL1-iPSC-MSCs was 2.0-fold that of RFP-iPSC-MSCs. The osteocalcin (OC) level of NELL1-iPSC-MSCs was 3.1-fold that of RFP-iPSC-MSCs (P<0.05). The collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) gene level of NELL1-iPSC-MSCs was 1.7-fold that of RFP-iPSC-MSCs at 7days (P<0.05). Mineral synthesis was increased by 81% in NELL1-iPSC-MSCs at 21days. In conclusion, NELL1 overexpression greatly enhanced the osteogenic differentiation and mineral synthesis of iPSC-MSCs on RGD-grafted CPC scaffold for the first time. The novel NELL1-iPSC-MSC seeded RGD-CPC construct is promising for enhancing bone engineering.
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Maenz S, Kunisch E, Mühlstädt M, Böhm A, Kopsch V, Bossert J, Kinne RW, Jandt KD. Enhanced mechanical properties of a novel, injectable, fiber-reinforced brushite cement. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 39:328-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Liu X, Wang P, Chen W, Weir MD, Bao C, Xu HHK. Human embryonic stem cells and macroporous calcium phosphate construct for bone regeneration in cranial defects in rats. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4484-93. [PMID: 24972090 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are an exciting cell source as they offer an unlimited supply of cells that can differentiate into all cell types for regenerative medicine applications. To date, there has been no report on hESCs with calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds for bone regeneration in vivo. The objectives of this study were to: (i) investigate hESCs for bone regeneration in vivo in critical-sized cranial defects in rats; and (ii) determine the effects of cell seeding and platelets in macroporous CPC on new bone and blood vessel formation. hESCs were cultured to yield mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which underwent osteogenic differentiation. Four groups were tested in rats: (i) CPC control without cells; (ii) CPC with hESC-derived MSCs (CPC+hESC-MSC); (iii) CPC with hESC-MSCs and 30% human platelet concentrate (hPC) (CPC+hESC-MSC+30% hPC); and (iv) CPC+hESC-MSC+50% hPC. In vitro, MSCs were derived from embryoid bodies of hESCs. Cells on CPC were differentiated into the osteogenic lineage, with highly elevated alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin expressions, as well as mineralization. At 12weeks in vivo, the groups with hESC-MSCs and hPC had three times as much new bone as, and twice the blood vessel density of, the CPC control. The new bone in the defects contained osteocytes and blood vessels, and the new bone front was lined with osteoblasts. The group with 30% hPC and hESC-MSCs had a blood vessel density that was 49% greater than the hESC-MSC group without hPC, likely due to the various growth factors in the platelets enhancing both new bone and blood vessel formation. In conclusion, hESCs are promising for bone tissue engineering, and hPC can enhance new bone and blood vessel formation. Macroporous CPC with hESC-MSCs and hPC may be useful for bone regeneration in craniofacial and orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wenchuan Chen
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Chongyun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Nakhoda HM, Dahman Y. Novel biodegradable polyurethanes reinforced with green nanofibers for applications in tissue engineering. Synthesis and characterization. CAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza M. Nakhoda
- Chemical Engineering; Ryerson University; 350 Victoria St. Toronto ON M5B 2K3
| | - Yaser Dahman
- Chemical Engineering; Ryerson University; 350 Victoria St. Toronto ON M5B 2K3
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36
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Different angiogenic abilities of self-setting calcium phosphate cement scaffolds consisting of different proportions of fibrin glue. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:785146. [PMID: 25535615 PMCID: PMC4070487 DOI: 10.1155/2014/785146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the different angiogenic abilities of the self-setting calcium phosphate cement (CPC) consisting of different proportions of fibrin glue (FG), the CPC powder and the FG solution were mixed at the powder/liquid (P/L) ratios of 1 : 0.5, 1 : 1, and 1 : 2 (g/mL), respectively, and pure CPC was used as a control. After being implanted into the lumbar dorsal fascia of the rabbit, the angiogenic process was evaluated by histological examination and CD31 immunohistochemistry to detect the new blood vessels. The result of the new blood vessel showed that the P/L ratio of 1 : 1 group indicated the largest quantity of new blood vessel at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after implantation, respectively. The histological evaluation also showed the best vascular morphology in the 1 : 1 group at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after the operation, respectively. Our study indicated that the CPC-FG composite scaffold at the P/L ratio of 1 : 1 (g/mL) stimulated angiopoiesis better than any other P/L ratios and has significant potential as the bioactive material for the treatment of bone defects.
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Lee K, Weir MD, Lippens E, Mehta M, Wang P, Duda GN, Kim WS, Mooney DJ, Xu HHK. Bone regeneration via novel macroporous CPC scaffolds in critical-sized cranial defects in rats. Dent Mater 2014; 30:e199-207. [PMID: 24768062 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is promising for dental and craniofacial applications due to its ability to be injected or filled into complex-shaped bone defects and molded for esthetics, and its resorbability and replacement by new bone. The objective of this study was to investigate bone regeneration via novel macroporous CPC containing absorbable fibers, hydrogel microbeads and growth factors in critical-sized cranial defects in rats. METHODS Mannitol porogen and alginate hydrogel microbeads were incorporated into CPC. Absorbable fibers were used to provide mechanical reinforcement to CPC scaffolds. Six CPC groups were tested in rats: (1) control CPC without macropores and microbeads; (2) macroporous CPC+large fiber; (3) macroporous CPC+large fiber+nanofiber; (4) same as (3), but with rhBMP2 in CPC matrix; (5) same as (3), but with rhBMP2 in CPC matrix+rhTGF-β1 in microbeads; (6) same as (3), but with rhBMP2 in CPC matrix+VEGF in microbeads. Rats were sacrificed at 4 and 24 weeks for histological and micro-CT analyses. RESULTS The macroporous CPC scaffolds containing porogen, absorbable fibers and hydrogel microbeads had mechanical properties similar to cancellous bone. At 4 weeks, the new bone area fraction (mean±sd; n=5) in CPC control group was the lowest at (14.8±3.3)%, and that of group 6 (rhBMP2+VEGF) was (31.0±13.8)% (p<0.05). At 24 weeks, group 4 (rhBMP2) had the most new bone of (38.8±15.6)%, higher than (12.7±5.3)% of CPC control (p<0.05). Micro-CT revealed nearly complete bridging of the critical-sized defects with new bone for several macroporous CPC groups, compared to much less new bone formation for CPC control. SIGNIFICANCE Macroporous CPC scaffolds containing porogen, fibers and microbeads with growth factors were investigated in rat cranial defects for the first time. Macroporous CPCs had new bone up to 2-fold that of traditional CPC control at 4 weeks, and 3-fold that of traditional CPC at 24 weeks, and hence may be useful for dental, craniofacial and orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwon Lee
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Evi Lippens
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Manav Mehta
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Woo S Kim
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
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Calcium phosphate cements for bone substitution: chemistry, handling and mechanical properties. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1035-49. [PMID: 24231047 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Since their initial formulation in the 1980s, calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) have been increasingly used as bone substitutes. This article provides an overview on the chemistry, kinetics of setting and handling properties (setting time, cohesion and injectability) of CPCs for bone substitution, with a focus on their mechanical properties. Many processing parameters, such as particle size, composition of cement reactants and additives, can be adjusted to control the setting process of CPCs, concomitantly influencing their handling and mechanical performance. Moreover, this review shows that, although the mechanical strength of CPCs is generally low, it is not a critical issue for their application for bone repair--an observation not often realized by researchers and clinicians. CPCs with compressive strengths comparable to those of cortical bones can be produced through densification and/or homogenization of the cement matrix. The real limitation for CPCs appears to be their low fracture toughness and poor mechanical reliability (Weibull modulus), which have so far been only rarely studied.
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Ishikawa K. Calcium Phosphate Cement. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-53980-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Uniform tricalcium phosphate beads with an open porous structure for tissue engineering. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 112:368-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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41
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Dorozhkin SV. Self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations. J Funct Biomater 2013; 4:209-311. [PMID: 24956191 PMCID: PMC4030932 DOI: 10.3390/jfb4040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In early 1980s, researchers discovered self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements, which are bioactive and biodegradable grafting bioceramics in the form of a powder and a liquid. After mixing, both phases form pastes, which set and harden forming either a non-stoichiometric calcium deficient hydroxyapatite or brushite. Since both of them are remarkably biocompartible, bioresorbable and osteoconductive, self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations appear to be promising bioceramics for bone grafting. Furthermore, such formulations possess excellent molding capabilities, easy manipulation and nearly perfect adaptation to the complex shapes of bone defects, followed by gradual bioresorption and new bone formation. In addition, reinforced formulations have been introduced, which might be described as calcium orthophosphate concretes. The discovery of self-setting properties opened up a new era in the medical application of calcium orthophosphates and many commercial trademarks have been introduced as a result. Currently such formulations are widely used as synthetic bone grafts, with several advantages, such as pourability and injectability. Moreover, their low-temperature setting reactions and intrinsic porosity allow loading by drugs, biomolecules and even cells for tissue engineering purposes. In this review, an insight into the self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations, as excellent bioceramics suitable for both dental and bone grafting applications, has been provided.
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Reprogramming of mesenchymal stem cells derived from iPSCs seeded on biofunctionalized calcium phosphate scaffold for bone engineering. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7862-72. [PMID: 23891395 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs) are a promising choice of patient-specific stem cells with superior capability of cell expansion. There has been no report on bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) gene modification of iPSC-MSCs for bone tissue engineering. The objectives of this study were to: (1) genetically modify iPSC-MSCs for BMP2 delivery; and (2) to seed BMP2 gene-modified iPSC-MSCs on calcium phosphate cement (CPC) immobilized with RGD for bone tissue engineering. iPSC-MSCs were infected with green fluorescence protein (GFP-iPSC-MSCs), or BMP2 lentivirus (BMP2-iPSC-MSCs). High levels of GFP expression were detected and more than 68% of GFP-iPSC-MSCs were GFP positive. BMP2-iPSC-MSCs expressed higher BMP2 levels than iPSC-MSCs in quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA assays (p < 0.05). BMP2-iPSC-MSCs did not compromise growth kinetics and cell cycle stages compared to iPSC-MSCs. After 14 d in osteogenic medium, ALP activity of BMP2-iPSC-MSCs was 1.8 times that of iPSC-MSCs (p < 0.05), indicating that BMP2 gene transduction of iPSC-MSCs enhanced osteogenic differentiation. BMP2-iPSC-MSCs were seeded on CPC scaffold biofunctionalized with RGD (RGD-CPC). BMP2-iPSC-MSCs attached well on RGD-CPC. At 14 d, COL1A1 expression of BMP2-iPSC-MSCs was 1.9 times that of iPSC-MSCs. OC expression of BMP2-iPSC-MSCs was 2.3 times that of iPSC-MSCs. Bone matrix mineralization by BMP2-iPSC-MSCs was 1.8 times that of iPSC-MSCs at 21 d. In conclusion, iPSC-MSCs seeded on CPC were suitable for bone tissue engineering. BMP2 gene-modified iPSC-MSCs on RGD-CPC underwent osteogenic differentiation, and the overexpression of BMP2 in iPSC-MSCs enhanced differentiation and bone mineral production on RGD-CPC. BMP2-iPSC-MSC seeding on RGD-CPC scaffold is promising to enhance bone regeneration efficacy.
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Thein-Han W, Xu HHK. Prevascularization of a gas-foaming macroporous calcium phosphate cement scaffold via coculture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and osteoblasts. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1675-85. [PMID: 23470207 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of a vasculature in tissue-engineered constructs is currently a major challenge in tissue regeneration. There has been no report of prevascularization of macroporous calcium phosphate cement (CPC) via coculture of endothelial cells and osteoblasts. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate coculture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human osteoblasts (HOB) on macroporous CPC for the first time; and (2) develop a new microvasculature-CPC construct with angiogenic and osteogenic potential. A gas-foaming method was used to create macropores in CPC. HUVEC and HOB were seeded with a ratio of HUVEC:HOB=4:1, at 1.5×10(5) cells/scaffold. The constructs were cultured for up to 42 days. CPC with a porosity of 83% had a flexural strength (mean±SD; n=6) of 2.6±0.2 MPa, and an elastic modulus of 340±30 MPa, approaching the reported values for cancellous bone. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that HUVEC+HOB coculture on CPC had much higher vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and collagen I expressions than monoculture (p<0.05). Osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin (OC), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were also highly elevated. Immunostaining of PECAM1 (CD31) showed abundant microcapillary-like structures on CPC in coculture at 42 days, as HUVEC self-assembled into extensive branches and net-like structures. However, no microcapillary was found on CPC in monoculture. In immunohistochemical staining, the neo-vessels were strongly positive for PECAM1, the von Willebrand factor, and collagen I. Scanning electron microscopy revealed microcapillary-like structures mingling with mineral nodules on CPC. Cell-synthesized minerals increased by an order of magnitude from 4 to 42 days. In conclusion, gas-foaming macroporous CPC was fabricated and HUVEC+HOB coculture was performed for prevascularization, yielding microcapillary-like structures on CPC for the first time. The novel macroporous CPC-microvasculature construct is promising for a wide range of orthopedic applications with enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- WahWah Thein-Han
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Strong and tough magnesium wire reinforced phosphate cement composites for load-bearing bone replacement. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 20:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Dickinson GH, Matoo OB, Tourek RT, Sokolova IM, Beniash E. Environmental salinity modulates the effects of elevated CO2 levels on juvenile hard-shell clams, Mercenaria mercenaria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 216:2607-18. [PMID: 23531824 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.082909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations results in a decrease in seawater pH and shifts in the carbonate chemistry that can negatively affect marine organisms. Marine bivalves such as the hard-shell clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, serve as ecosystem engineers in estuaries and coastal zones of the western Atlantic and, as for many marine calcifiers, are sensitive to the impacts of ocean acidification. In estuaries, the effects of ocean acidification can be exacerbated by low buffering capacity of brackish waters, acidic inputs from freshwaters and land, and/or the negative effects of salinity on the physiology of organisms. We determined the interactive effects of 21 weeks of exposure to different levels of CO2 (~395, 800 and 1500 μatm corresponding to pH of 8.2, 8.1 and 7.7, respectively) and salinity (32 versus 16) on biomineralization, shell properties and energy metabolism of juvenile hard-shell clams. Low salinity had profound effects on survival, energy metabolism and biomineralization of hard-shell clams and modulated their responses to elevated PCO2. Negative effects of low salinity in juvenile clams were mostly due to the strongly elevated basal energy demand, indicating energy deficiency, that led to reduced growth, elevated mortality and impaired shell maintenance (evidenced by the extensive damage to the periostracum). The effects of elevated PCO2 on physiology and biomineralization of hard-shell clams were more complex. Elevated PCO2 (~800-1500 μatm) had no significant effects on standard metabolic rates (indicative of the basal energy demand), but affected growth and shell mechanical properties in juvenile clams. Moderate hypercapnia (~800 μatm PCO2) increased shell and tissue growth and reduced mortality of juvenile clams in high salinity exposures; however, these effects were abolished under the low salinity conditions or at high PCO2 (~1500 μatm). Mechanical properties of the shell (measured as microhardness and fracture toughness of the shells) were negatively affected by elevated CO2 alone or in combination with low salinity, which may have important implications for protection against predators or environmental stressors. Our data indicate that environmental salinity can strongly modulate responses to ocean acidification in hard-shell clams and thus should be taken into account when predicting the effects of ocean acidification on estuarine bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary H Dickinson
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 589 Salk Hall, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Liu W, Zhang J, Weiss P, Tancret F, Bouler JM. The influence of different cellulose ethers on both the handling and mechanical properties of calcium phosphate cements for bone substitution. Acta Biomater 2013. [PMID: 23201018 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The influence of cellulose ether additives (CEAs) on the performance of final calcium phosphate cement (CPC) products is thoroughly investigated. Four CEAs were added into the liquid phase of apatitic CPCs based on the hydrolysis of α-tricalcium phosphate, to investigate the influence of both molecular weight and degree of substitution on the CPCs' properties, including handling (e.g. injectability, cohesion, washout resistance and setting time), microstructure (e.g. porosity and micromorphology) and mechanical properties (e.g. fracture toughness and compressive strength). The results showed that even a small amount of CEAs modified most of these CPCs' features, depending on the structural parameters of the CEAs. The CEAs dramatically improved the injectability, cohesion and washout resistance of the pastes, prolonged the final setting time and increased the porosity of CPCs. Moreover, the CEAs had an evident toughening effect on CPCs, and this effect become more significant with increasing molecular weight and mass fraction of CEAs, inducing a significant tolerance to damage. Overall, the molecular weight of CEAs played a major role compared to their degree of substitution in CPCs' performances.
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Christel T, Kuhlmann M, Vorndran E, Groll J, Gbureck U. Dual setting α-tricalcium phosphate cements. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:573-581. [PMID: 23239262 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An extension of the application of calcium phosphate cements (CPC) to load-bearing defects, e.g. in vertebroplasty, would require less brittle cements with an increased fracture toughness. Here we report the modification of CPC made of alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) with 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), which is polymerised during setting to obtain a mechanically stable polymer-ceramic composite with interpenetrating organic and inorganic networks. The cement liquid was modified by the addition of 30-70 % HEMA and ammoniumpersulfate/tetramethylethylendiamine as initiator. Modification of α-TCP cement paste with HEMA decreased the setting time from 14 min to 3-8 min depending on the initiator concentration. The 4-point bending strength was increased from 9 MPa to more than 14 MPa when using 50 % HEMA, while the bending modulus decreased from 18 GPa to approx. 4 GPa. The addition of ≥50 % HEMA reduced the brittle fracture behaviour of the cements and resulted in an increase of the work of fracture by more than an order of magnitude. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the degree of transformation of α-TCP to calcium deficient hydroxyapatite was lower for polymer modified cements (82 % for polymer free cement and 55 % for 70 % HEMA) after 24 h setting, while the polymerisation of HEMA in the cement liquid was quantitative according to FT-IR spectroscopy. This work demonstrated the feasibility of producing fracture resistant dual-setting calcium phosphate cements by adding water soluble polymerisable monomers to the liquid cement phase, which may be suitable for an application in load-bearing bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Christel
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
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Li H, Wijekoon A, Leipzig ND. 3D differentiation of neural stem cells in macroporous photopolymerizable hydrogel scaffolds. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48824. [PMID: 23144988 PMCID: PMC3492243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are the stem cell of the adult central nervous system (CNS). These cells are able to differentiate into the major cell types found in the CNS (neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes), thus NSPCs are the mechanism by which the adult CNS could potentially regenerate after injury or disorder. Microenviromental factors are critical for guiding NSPC differentiation and are thus important for neural tissue engineering. In this study, D-mannitol crystals were mixed with photocrosslinkable methacrylamide chitosan (MAC) as a porogen to enhance pore size during hydrogel formation. D-mannitol was admixed to MAC at 5, 10 and 20 wt% D-mannitol per total initial hydrogel weight. D-mannitol crystals were observed to dissolve and leave the scaffold within 1 hr. Quantification of resulting average pore sizes showed that D-mannitol addition resulted in larger average pore size (5 wt%, 4060±160 µm(2), 10 wt%, 6330±1160 µm(2), 20 wt%, 7600±1550 µm(2)) compared with controls (0 wt%, 3150±220 µm(2)). Oxygen diffusion studies demonstrated that larger average pore area resulted in enhanced oxygen diffusion through scaffolds. Finally, the differentiation responses of NSPCs to phenotypic differentiation conditions were studied for neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in hydrogels of varied porosity over 14 d. Quantification of total cell numbers at day 7 and 14, showed that cell numbers decreased with increased porosity and over the length of the culture. At day 14 immunohistochemistry quantification for primary cell types demonstrated significant differentiation to the desired cells types, and that total percentages of each cell type was greatest when scaffolds were more porous. These results suggest that larger pore sizes in MAC hydrogels effectively promote NSPC 3D differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Asanka Wijekoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nic D. Leipzig
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Fiber reinforced calcium phosphate cements – On the way to degradable load bearing bone substitutes? Biomaterials 2012; 33:5887-900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Choi S, Liu IL, Yamamoto K, Igawa K, Mochizuki M, Sakai T, Echigo R, Honnami M, Suzuki S, Chung UI, Sasaki N. Development and evaluation of tetrapod-shaped granular artificial bones. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2340-7. [PMID: 22387335 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel form of granular artificial bone "Tetrabones" with a homogeneous tetrapod shape and uniform size. Tetrabones are four armed structures that accumulate to form the intergranular pores that allow invasion of cells and blood vessels. In this study we evaluated the physicochemical characteristics of Tetrabones in vitro, and compared their biological and biomechanical properties in vivo to those of conventional β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granule artificial bone. Both the rupture strength and elastic modulus of Tetrabone particles were higher than those of β-TCP granules in vitro. The connectivity of intergranular pores 100, 300, and 400 μm in size were higher in Tetrabones than in the β-TCP granules. Tetrabones showed similar osteoconductivity and biomechanical stiffness to β-TCP at 2 months after implantation in an in vivo study of canine bone defects. These results suggest that Tetrabones may be a good bone graft material in bone reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Choi
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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