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Zakrzewski J, Liberka M, Wang J, Chorazy S, Ohkoshi SI. Optical Phenomena in Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5930-6050. [PMID: 38687182 PMCID: PMC11082909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Since the last century, we have witnessed the development of molecular magnetism which deals with magnetic materials based on molecular species, i.e., organic radicals and metal complexes. Among them, the broadest attention was devoted to molecule-based ferro-/ferrimagnets, spin transition materials, including those exploring electron transfer, molecular nanomagnets, such as single-molecule magnets (SMMs), molecular qubits, and stimuli-responsive magnetic materials. Their physical properties open the application horizons in sensors, data storage, spintronics, and quantum computation. It was found that various optical phenomena, such as thermochromism, photoswitching of magnetic and optical characteristics, luminescence, nonlinear optical and chiroptical effects, as well as optical responsivity to external stimuli, can be implemented into molecule-based magnetic materials. Moreover, the fruitful interactions of these optical effects with magnetism in molecule-based materials can provide new physical cross-effects and multifunctionality, enriching the applications in optical, electronic, and magnetic devices. This Review aims to show the scope of optical phenomena generated in molecule-based magnetic materials, including the recent advances in such areas as high-temperature photomagnetism, optical thermometry utilizing SMMs, optical addressability of molecular qubits, magneto-chiral dichroism, and opto-magneto-electric multifunctionality. These findings are discussed in the context of the types of optical phenomena accessible for various classes of molecule-based magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub
J. Zakrzewski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Lojasiewicza
11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Liberka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Lojasiewicza
11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Junhao Wang
- Department
of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tonnodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Szymon Chorazy
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Shin-ichi Ohkoshi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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2
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Amini M, Fumega AO, González-Herrero H, Vaňo V, Kezilebieke S, Lado JL, Liljeroth P. Atomic-Scale Visualization of Multiferroicity in Monolayer NiI 2. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311342. [PMID: 38241258 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Progress in layered van der Waals materials has resulted in the discovery of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials down to the monolayer limit. Recently, evidence of the first purely 2D multiferroic material was reported in monolayer NiI2. However, probing multiferroicity with scattering-based and optical bulk techniques is challenging on 2D materials, and experiments on the atomic scale are needed to fully characterize the multiferroic order at the monolayer limit. Here, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations is used to probe and characterize the multiferroic order in monolayer NiI2. It is demonstrated that the type-II multiferroic order displayed by NiI2, arising from the combination of a magnetic spin spiral order and a strong spin-orbit coupling, allows probing the multiferroic order in the STM experiments. Moreover, the magnetoelectric coupling of NiI2 is directly probed by external electric field manipulation of the multiferroic domains. The findings establish a novel point of view to analyze magnetoelectric effects at the microscopic level, paving the way toward engineering new multiferroic orders in van der Waals materials and their heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amini
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Adolfo O Fumega
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Héctor González-Herrero
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
| | - Viliam Vaňo
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
- Joseph Henry Laboratories and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Shawulienu Kezilebieke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Jose L Lado
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Peter Liljeroth
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
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3
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Wang Z, Wang Q, Gong W, Chen A, Islam A, Quan L, Woehl TJ, Yan Q, Ren S. Magnet-in-ferroelectric crystals exhibiting photomultiferroicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322361121. [PMID: 38625947 PMCID: PMC11046584 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322361121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing crystallographically incommensurate and dissimilar organic materials is fundamentally intriguing but challenging for the prominent cross-correlation phenomenon enabling unique magnetic, electronic, and optical functionalities. Here, we report the growth of molecular layered magnet-in-ferroelectric crystals, demonstrating photomanipulation of interfacial ferroic coupling. The heterocrystals exhibit striking photomagnetization and magnetoelectricity, resulting in photomultiferroic coupling and complete change of their color while inheriting ferroelectricity and magnetism from the parent phases. Under a light illumination, ferromagnetic resonance shifts of 910 Oe are observed in heterocrystals while showing a magnetization change of 0.015 emu/g. In addition, a noticeable magnetization change (8% of magnetization at a 1,000 Oe external field) in the vicinity of ferro-to-paraelectric transition is observed. The mechanistic electric-field-dependent studies suggest the photoinduced ferroelectric field effect responsible for the tailoring of photo-piezo-magnetism. The crystallographic analyses further evidence the lattice coupling of a magnet-in-ferroelectric heterocrystal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxuan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24060
| | - Weiyi Gong
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115
| | - Amy Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
| | - Abdullah Islam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
| | - Lina Quan
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24060
- Department of Materials and Science Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24060
| | - Taylor J. Woehl
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
| | - Qimin Yan
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
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4
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Han Z, Chang Y, Luo B, Wang S, Zhai W, Wang J. A Multistate Non-Volatile Photoelectronic Memory Device Based on Ferroelectric Tunnel Junction with Modulable Visible Light Photoresponse. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:19254-19260. [PMID: 38568189 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Recently, certain ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) exhibit non-volatile modulations on photoresponse as well as tunneling electroresistance (TER) effects related to ferroelectric polarization states. From the opposite perspective, the corresponding polarization states can be read by detecting the levels of the photocurrent. In this study, we fabricate a novel amorphous selenium (a-Se)/PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (PZT)/Nb-doped SrTiO3 (NSTO) heterojunction, which exhibits a high TER of 3 × 106. Unlike perovskite oxide FTJs with a limited ultraviolet response, the introduction of a narrow bandgap semiconductor (a-Se) enables self-powered photoresponse within the visible light range. The self-powered photoresponse characteristics can be significantly modulated by ferroelectric polarization. The photocurrent after writing polarization voltages of +4 and -5 V exhibits a 1200% increase. Furthermore, the photocurrent could be clearly distinguished after writing stepwise polarization voltages, and then a multistate information storage is designed with nondestructive readout capacity under light illumination. This work holds great significance in advancing the development of ferroelectric multistate photoelectronic memories with high storage density and expanding the design possibilities for FTJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuokun Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
| | - Bingcheng Luo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
| | - Shuanhu Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
| | - Jianyuan Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
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5
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López-Sánchez J, Del Campo A, Quesada A, Rivelles A, Abuín M, Sainz R, Sebastiani-Tofano E, Rubio-Zuazo J, Ochoa DA, Fernández JF, García JE, Rubio-Marcos F. Concomitant Light-Reversible Magnetic Response in Multiferroic Oxide Heterostructures for Multiphysics Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:19866-19876. [PMID: 38587105 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The concept of multiphysics, where materials respond to diverse external stimuli, such as magnetic fields, electric fields, light irradiation, stress, heat, and chemical reactions, plays a fundamental role in the development of innovative devices. Nanomanufacturing, especially in low-dimensional systems, enhances the synergistic interactions taking place on the nanoscale. Light-matter interaction, rather than electric fields, holds great promise for achieving low-power, wireless control over magnetism, solving two major technological problems: the feasibility of electrical contacts at smaller scales and the undesired heating of the devices. Here, we shed light on the remarkable reversible modulation of magnetism using visible light in epitaxial Fe3O4/BaTiO3 heterostructure. This achievement is underpinned by the convergence of two distinct mechanisms. First, the magnetoelastic effect, triggered by ferroelectric domain switching, induces a proportional change in coercivity and remanence upon laser illumination. Second, light-matter interaction induces charged ferroelectric domain walls' electrostatic decompensations, acting intimately on the magnetization of the epitaxial Fe3O4 film by magnetoelectric coupling. Crucially, our experimental results vividly illustrate the capability to manipulate magnetic properties using visible light. This concomitant mechanism provides a promising avenue for low-intensity visible-light manipulation of magnetism, offering potential applications in multiferroic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús López-Sánchez
- Department of Electroceramics, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio─Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICV─CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Del Campo
- Department of Electroceramics, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio─Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICV─CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Quesada
- Department of Electroceramics, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio─Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICV─CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rivelles
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología (ISOM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Abuín
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología (ISOM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Sainz
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica─Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (ICP─CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugenia Sebastiani-Tofano
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid─Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMM─CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish CRG BM25─SpLine at the ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Juan Rubio-Zuazo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid─Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMM─CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish CRG BM25─SpLine at the ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Diego A Ochoa
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José F Fernández
- Department of Electroceramics, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio─Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICV─CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José E García
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Rubio-Marcos
- Department of Electroceramics, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio─Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICV─CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Fan Y, Wang J, Chen A, Yu K, Zhu M, Han Y, Zhang S, Lin X, Zhou H, Zhang X, Lin Q. Thickness-Dependent Gilbert Damping and Soft Magnetism in Metal/Co-Fe-B/Metal Sandwich Structure. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:596. [PMID: 38607130 PMCID: PMC11013670 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The achievement of the low Gilbert damping parameter in spin dynamic modulation is attractive for spintronic devices with low energy consumption and high speed. Metallic ferromagnetic alloy Co-Fe-B is a possible candidate due to its high compatibility with spintronic technologies. Here, we report thickness-dependent damping and soft magnetism in Co-Fe-B films sandwiched between two non-magnetic layers with Co-Fe-B films up to 50 nm thick. A non-monotonic variation of Co-Fe-B film damping with thickness is observed, which is in contrast to previously reported monotonic trends. The minimum damping and the corresponding Co-Fe-B thickness vary significantly among the different non-magnetic layer series, indicating that the structure selection significantly alters the relative contributions of various damping mechanisms. Thus, we developed a quantitative method to distinguish intrinsic from extrinsic damping via ferromagnetic resonance measurements of thickness-dependent damping rather than the traditional numerical calculation method. By separating extrinsic and intrinsic damping, each mechanism affecting the total damping of Co-Fe-B films in sandwich structures is analyzed in detail. Our findings have revealed that the thickness-dependent damping measurement is an effective tool for quantitatively investigating different damping mechanisms. This investigation provides an understanding of underlying mechanisms and opens up avenues for achieving low damping in Co-Fe-B alloy film, which is beneficial for the applications in spintronic devices design and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimo Fan
- College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Aitian Chen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kai Yu
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Mingmin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yunxin Han
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Xianqing Lin
- College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Haomiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiang Lin
- College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
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7
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Fang N, Wu C, Zhang Y, Li Z, Zhou Z. Perspectives: Light Control of Magnetism and Device Development. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8600-8625. [PMID: 38469753 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Accurately controlling magnetic and spin states presents a significant challenge in spintronics, especially as demands for higher data storage density and increased processing speeds grow. Approaches such as light control are gradually supplanting traditional magnetic field methods. Traditionally, the modulation of magnetism was predominantly achieved through polarized light with the help of ultrafast light technologies. With the growing demand for energy efficiency and multifunctionality in spintronic devices, integrating photovoltaic materials into magnetoelectric systems has introduced more physical effects. This development suggests that sunlight will play an increasingly pivotal role in manipulating spin orientation in the future. This review introduces and concludes the influence of various light types on magnetism, exploring mechanisms such as magneto-optical (MO) effects, light-induced magnetic phase transitions, and spin photovoltaic effects. This review briefly summarizes recent advancements in the light control of magnetism, especially sunlight, and their potential applications, providing an optimistic perspective on future research directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Changqing Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yuzhe Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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8
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Tang A, Li C, Xu T, Dong Y, Ma J, Yu P, Nan CW, Lin YH, Nan T, Jiang W, Yi D. Electric-Field Control of Perpendicularly Magnetized Ferrimagnetic Order and Giant Magnetoresistance in Multiferroic Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:632-639. [PMID: 38175932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Electrical control of magnetism is highly desirable for energy-efficient spintronic applications. Realizing electric-field-driven perpendicular magnetization switching has been a long-standing goal, which, however, remains a major challenge. Here, electric-field control of perpendicularly magnetized ferrimagnetic order via strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling is reported. We show that the gate voltages isothermally toggle the dominant magnetic sublattice of the compensated ferrimagnet FeTb at room temperature, showing high reversibility and good endurance under ambient conditions. By implementing this strategy in FeTb/Pt/Co spin valves with giant magnetoresistance (GMR), we demonstrate that the distinct high and low resistance states can be selectively controlled by the gate voltages with assisting magnetic fields. Our results provide a promising route to use ferrimagnets for developing electric-field-controlled, low-power memory and logic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Teng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiqing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianxiang Nan
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wanjun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Di Yi
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Eom J, Lee IH, Kee JY, Cho M, Seo J, Suh H, Choi HJ, Sim Y, Chen S, Chang HJ, Baek SH, Petrovic C, Ryu H, Jang C, Kim YD, Yang CH, Seong MJ, Lee JH, Park SY, Choi JW. Voltage control of magnetism in Fe 3-xGeTe 2/In 2Se 3 van der Waals ferromagnetic/ferroelectric heterostructures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5605. [PMID: 37699895 PMCID: PMC10497543 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the voltage control of magnetism in a van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure device consisting of two distinct vdW materials, the ferromagnetic Fe3-xGeTe2 and the ferroelectric In2Se3. It is observed that gate voltages applied to the Fe3-xGeTe2/In2Se3 heterostructure device modulate the magnetic properties of Fe3-xGeTe2 with significant decrease in coercive field for both positive and negative voltages. Raman spectroscopy on the heterostructure device shows voltage-dependent increase in the in-plane In2Se3 and Fe3-xGeTe2 lattice constants for both voltage polarities. Thus, the voltage-dependent decrease in the Fe3-xGeTe2 coercive field, regardless of the gate voltage polarity, can be attributed to the presence of in-plane tensile strain. This is supported by density functional theory calculations showing tensile-strain-induced reduction of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy, which in turn decreases the coercive field. Our results demonstrate an effective method to realize low-power voltage-controlled vdW spintronic devices utilizing the magnetoelectric effect in vdW ferromagnetic/ferroelectric heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeun Eom
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - In Hak Lee
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Jung Yun Kee
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Department of Physics, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea
| | - Minhyun Cho
- Department of Physics and Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Jeongdae Seo
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hoyoung Suh
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Choi
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Yumin Sim
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Shuzhang Chen
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3800, USA
| | - Hye Jung Chang
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyub Baek
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Cedomir Petrovic
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3800, USA
| | - Hyejin Ryu
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Chaun Jang
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Young Duck Kim
- Department of Physics and Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Chan-Ho Yang
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Maeng-Je Seong
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Jin Hong Lee
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea.
| | - Se Young Park
- Department of Physics, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea.
- Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies (OMEG) Institute, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea.
| | - Jun Woo Choi
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea.
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10
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Li X, Singh H, Bao Y, Luo Q, Li S, Chatterjee J, Goiriena-Goikoetxea M, Xiao Z, Tamura N, Candler RN, You L, Bokor J, Hong J. Energy Efficient All-Electric-Field-Controlled Multiferroic Magnetic Domain-Wall Logic. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:6845-6851. [PMID: 37467358 PMCID: PMC10416346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic domain wall (DW)-based logic devices offer numerous opportunities for emerging electronics applications allowing superior performance characteristics such as fast motion, high density, and nonvolatility to process information. However, these devices rely on an external magnetic field, which limits their implementation; this is particularly problematic in large-scale applications. Multiferroic systems consisting of a piezoelectric substrate coupled with ferromagnets provide a potential solution that provides the possibility of controlling magnetization through an electric field via magnetoelastic coupling. Strain-induced magnetization anisotropy tilting can influence the DW motion in a controllable way. We demonstrate a method to perform all-electrical logic operations using such a system. Ferromagnetic coupling between neighboring magnetic domains induced by the electric-field-controlled strain has been exploited to promote noncollinear spin alignment, which is used for realizing essential building blocks, including DW generation, propagation, and pinning, in all implementations of Boolean logic, which will pave the way for scalable memory-in-logic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School
of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University
of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hanuman Singh
- School
of Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- EECS, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yi Bao
- School
of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University
of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- School
of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University
of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shihao Li
- School
of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University
of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | | | - Maite Goiriena-Goikoetxea
- Department
of Electricity and Electronics, University
of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Zhuyun Xiao
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nobumichi Tamura
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rob N. Candler
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Long You
- School
of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University
of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jeff Bokor
- EECS, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeongmin Hong
- School
of Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- EECS, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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11
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Baivier C, Hammami I, Benzerga R, Graça MPF, Costa LC. Barium Titanate/Gadolinium Ferrite: A New Material Composite to Store Energy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1955. [PMID: 37446471 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the dielectric properties of barium titanate/gadolinium ferrite ceramic composites, with different concentrations of each material. Our objective was to increase the storage ability of this material, finding a compromise between high permittivity and low dielectric losses. A two-step sintering procedure was used in the preparation of the composites to attain the desired results. Their morphological, structural and electrical properties were tested using scanning electron microscopy, X-Ray powder diffraction and impedance spectroscopy, respectively. Dielectric characterizations were performed on the frequency band of 100 Hz-1 MHz and for different temperatures (180-380 K). The best compromise between barium titanate and gadolinium ferrite in the composition was calculated in order to obtain a potential material for electrical energy storage. The sample with 25% gadolinium ferrite presented the best results. The dielectric constant reached values of the order of 2000, at 1 kHz and 340 K. It was also important not to have very high losses, and this was confirmed by the calculated loss tangent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Baivier
- CNRS, IETR-UMR 6164, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Imen Hammami
- I3N and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ratiba Benzerga
- CNRS, IETR-UMR 6164, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Manuel P F Graça
- I3N and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luís C Costa
- I3N and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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12
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Wu Y, Tong J, Deng L, Luo F, Tian F, Qin G, Zhang X. Coexisting Ferroelectric and Ferrovalley Polarizations in Bilayer Stacked Magnetic Semiconductors. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37363831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
It has long been expected that the coexistence of ferroelectric and ferrovalley polarizations in one magnetic semiconductor could offer the possibility to revolutionize electronic devices. In this study, monolayer and bilayer YI2 are studied. Monolayer YI2 is a ferromagnetic semiconductor and exhibits a valley polarization up to 105 meV. All of the present bilayer YI2 regardless of stacking orders show antiferromagnetic states. Interestingly, the bilayer YI2 with 3R-type stackings shows not only valley polarization but also unexpected ferroelectric polarization, proving the concurrent ferrovalley and multiferroics behaviors. Moreover, the valley polarization of 3R-type bilayer YI2 can be reversed by controlling the direction of ferroelectric polarization through an electric field or manipulating the magnetization direction using an external magnetic field. The amazing phenomenon is also demonstrated in 2D van der Waals LaI2 and GdBr2 bilayers. A design idea of multifunctional devices is proposed based on the concurrent ferrovalley and multiferroics characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Wu
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Junwei Tong
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Li Deng
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Fubo Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Gaowu Qin
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xianmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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13
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Zhao M, Wang L, Zhao Y, Du Y, He Z, Chen K, Luo Z, Yan W, Li Q, Wang C, Jiang Z, Liu M, Zhou Z. Deterministic Magnetic Switching in Perpendicular Magnetic Trilayers Through Sunlight-Induced Photoelectron Injection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2301955. [PMID: 36970816 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Finding an energy-efficient way of switching magnetization is crucial in spintronic devices, such as memories. Usually, spins are manipulated by spin-polarized currents or voltages in various ferromagnetic heterostructures; however, their energy consumption is relatively large. Here, a sunlight control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in Pt (0.8 nm)/Co (0.65 nm)/Pt (2.5 nm)/PN Si heterojunction in an energy-efficient manner is proposed. The coercive field (HC ) is altered from 261 to 95 Oe (64% variation) under sunlight illumination, enabling a nearly 180° deterministic magnetization switching reversibly with a 140 Oe magnetic bias assistant. The element-resolved X-ray circular dichroism measurement reveals different L3 and L2 edge signals of the Co layer with or without sunlight, suggesting a photoelectron-induced redistribution of the orbital and spin moment in Co magnetization. The first-principle calculations also reveal that the photo-induced electrons shift the Fermi level of electrons and enhance the in-plane Rashba field around the Co/Pt interfaces, leading to a weakened PMA and corresponding HC decreasing and magnetization switching accordingly. The sunlight control of PMA may provide an alternative way for magnetic recording, which is energy efficient and would reduce the Joule heat from the high switching current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Spintronics and Quantum Systems, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yujing Du
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhexi He
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Kai Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Zhenlin Luo
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Wensheng Yan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Qian Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Chenying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Manufacturing Equipment, The International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Manufacturing Equipment, The International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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14
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Zhang B, Yang P, Ding J, Chen J, Chow GM. Anisotropic Melting Path of Charge-Ordering Insulator in LSMO/STO Superlattice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203933. [PMID: 36461732 PMCID: PMC9896059 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiple phases coexist in manganite with simultaneously active couplings, and the transition among them depends on the relative intensities of different interactions. However, the melting path with variable intensities is unclear. The concentration and the ordering of oxygen vacancy in previous work are found to induce ferromagnetic charge-ordering insulator phase in [(La0.7 Sr0.3 MnO3 )10 /(SrTiO3 )5 ]n superlattice, which translates into metallic phase with magnetic field H and temperature T. In the current work, the H-T phase diagram for current I//[100] and I//[110] shows a large difference with H normal to the film plane, which is ascribed to the response of a variable range of hopping process to H with the in-plane anisotropic hopping probability of charge carrier. With H rotating from the out-of-plane to the in-plane direction, the preferred occupancy of the 3 d z 2 - r 2 $3{d}_{{z}^2 - {r}^2}$ orbital causes a decrease of spin-orbital coupling and lowers the activation energy, inducing a gentler melting process of a charge-ordering insulator. This work shows that the melting path of a charge-ordering insulator phase can be largely modulated in manganite with anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangmin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and DevicesCentre for Physical Mechanics and BiophysicsSchool of PhysicsSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Ping Yang
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS)National University of Singapore5 Research LinkSingapore117603Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117576Singapore
| | - Jingsheng Chen
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117576Singapore
| | - Gan Moog Chow
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117576Singapore
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15
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Huang CY, Li H, Wu Y, Lin CH, Guan X, Hu L, Kim J, Zhu X, Zeng H, Wu T. Inorganic Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots: A Versatile Nanomaterial Platform for Electronic Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 15:16. [PMID: 36580150 PMCID: PMC9800676 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have generated significant attention in recent years because of their extraordinary physical properties and photovoltaic performance. Among these, inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) stand out for their prominent merits, such as quantum confinement effects, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and defect-tolerant structures. Additionally, ligand engineering and an all-inorganic composition lead to a robust platform for ambient-stable QD devices. This review presents the state-of-the-art research progress on inorganic perovskite QDs, emphasizing their electronic applications. In detail, the physical properties of inorganic perovskite QDs will be introduced first, followed by a discussion of synthesis methods and growth control. Afterwards, the emerging applications of inorganic perovskite QDs in electronics, including transistors and memories, will be presented. Finally, this review will provide an outlook on potential strategies for advancing inorganic perovskite QD technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Hanchen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Ye Wu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ho Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Xinwei Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Long Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Jiyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Haibo Zeng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
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16
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Nian L, Li J, Wang Z, Zhang T, Sun H, Li Y, Gao T, Deng Y, Nie Y, Hao Y. Synthesis of Oxide Interface-Based Two-Dimensional Electron Gas on Si. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53442-53449. [PMID: 36383755 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the interface of amorphous Al2O3/SrTiO3 (aAO/STO) heterostructures has received considerable attention owing to its convenience of fabrication and relatively high mobility. The integration of these 2DEG heterostructures on a silicon wafer is highly desired for electronic applications but remains challanging up to date. Here, conductive aAO/STO heterostructures have been synthesized on a silicon wafer via a growth-and-transfer method. A scanning transmission electron microscopy image shows flat and close contact between STO membranes and a Si wafer. Electron energy loss spectroscopic measurements reveal the interfacial Ti valence state evolution, which identifies the formation of 2D charge carriers confined at the interface of aAO/STO. This work provides a feasible strategy for the integration of 2DEG on a silicon wafer and other desired substrates for potential functional and flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyan Nian
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoying Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueying Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuefeng Nie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Hao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
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17
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Peng B, Lu Q, Tang H, Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Qiu R, Guo Y, Zhou Z, Liu M. Large in-plane piezo-strain enhanced voltage control of magnetic anisotropy in Si-compatible multiferroic thin films. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:3013-3021. [PMID: 36196984 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01020h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Voltage control of magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) in Si-compatible ferroelectric/ferromagnetic multiferroic thin films is promising to enable power-efficient and integrated magnetic memories. However, their VCMA effect is weak and is always smaller than that of the bulk counterparts. Here, we achieve a more substantial VCMA effect in thin films than in the bulk, benefiting from the large in-plane piezo-strain mediated magnetoelectric coupling under strong fields. Si-compatible ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films with large breakdown strength of up to 3.2 MV cm-1 are fabricated to further construct multiferroic thin films. Since conventional methods fail to measure the VCMA effect under strong fields, we establish a micro-ferromagnetic resonance method based on micro-fabrication. An enhanced VCMA effect is demonstrated in PZT/CoFeB thin films, whose voltage-induced effective magnetic field (Heff) could experimentally reach 26.1 Oe, which is much stronger than that in bulk control samples "PZT ceramic/CoFeB" (2.6 Oe) and "PMN-PT single crystal/CoFeB" (18.5 Oe) as well as previous reports. Theoretically, the Heff in thin films could be > 60 Oe near the breakdown strength, resulting from a giant in-plane piezo-strain S31 < -0.3%, which is comparable to that of the best ferroelectric single crystals. Si-compatible multiferroic thin films with enhanced VCMA will be a useful platform for developing integrated magnetic and spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Peng
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacture and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Lu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacture and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Haowen Tang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacture and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Yao Zhang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacture and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacture and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Ruibin Qiu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacture and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Yunting Guo
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacture and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacture and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Ming Liu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacture and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
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18
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Structural evolution of single-crystal RECrO3 (RE = Y, Eu–Lu) orthochromates. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Hu C, Chen J, Du E, Ju W, An Y, Gong SJ. Ferroelectric control of band alignments and magnetic properties in the two-dimensional multiferroic VSe 2/In 2Se 3. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:425801. [PMID: 35878601 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac8406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our first-principles evidence shows that the two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic VSe2/In2Se3experiences continuous change of electronic structures, i.e. with the change of the ferroelectric (FE) polarization of In2Se3, the heterostructure can possess type-I, -II, and -III band alignments. When the FE polarization points from In2Se3to VSe2, the heterostructure has a type-III band alignment, and the charge transfer from In2Se3into VSe2induces half-metallicity. With reversal of the FE polarization, the heterostructure enters the type-I band alignment, and the spin-polarized current is turned off. When the In2Se3is depolarized, the heterostructure has a type-II band alignment. In addition, influence of the FE polarization on magnetism and magnetic anisotropy energy of VSe2was also analyzed, through which we reveal the interfacial magnetoelectric coupling effects. Our investigation about VSe2/In2Se3predicts its wide applications in the fields of both 2D spintronics and multiferroics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Chen
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Erwei Du
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Ju
- College of Physics and Engineering and Henan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Energy Storage Materials and Applications, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yipeng An
- School of Physics and Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jing Gong
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
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20
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Agarwal P, Huang L, Ter Lim S, Singh R. Electric-field control of nonlinear THz spintronic emitters. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4072. [PMID: 35835753 PMCID: PMC9283400 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy-efficient spintronic technology holds tremendous potential for the design of next-generation processors to operate at terahertz frequencies. Femtosecond photoexcitation of spintronic materials generates sub-picosecond spin currents and emission of terahertz radiation with broad bandwidth. However, terahertz spintronic emitters lack an active material platform for electric-field control. Here, we demonstrate a nonlinear electric-field control of terahertz spin current-based emitters using a single crystal piezoelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN–PT) that endows artificial magnetoelectric coupling onto a spintronic terahertz emitter and provides 270% modulation of the terahertz field at remnant magnetization. The nonlinear electric-field control of the spins occurs due to the strain-induced change in magnetic energy of the ferromagnet thin-film. Results also reveal a robust and repeatable switching of the phase of the terahertz spin current. Electric-field control of terahertz spintronic emitters with multiferroics and strain engineering offers opportunities for the on-chip realization of tunable energy-efficient spintronic-photonic integrated platforms. Spintronic terahertz (THz) emitters are a class of magnetic heterostructure where femtosecond laser excitations generate THz radiation emission. While they have great potential, electric field control of spintronic emitter remains a challenge. Here, by combining a spintronic emitter with a piezoelectric substrate, Agarwal et al. demonstrate electric field control of THz emission through induced piezostrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Agarwal
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.,Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lisen Huang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore, 138364, Singapore
| | - Sze Ter Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore, 138364, Singapore
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore. .,Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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21
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Wendari TP, Arief S, Mufti N, Blake GR, Baas J, Suendo V, Prasetyo A, Insani A, Zulhadjri Z. Lead-Free Aurivillius Phase Bi 2LaNb 1.5Mn 0.5O 9: Structure, Ferroelectric, Magnetic, and Magnetodielectric Effects. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8644-8652. [PMID: 35622976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aurivillius phase Bi2LaNb1.5Mn0.5O9, derived from ferroelectric PbBi2Nb2O9 by simultaneous substitution of the A-site and B-site cations, was synthesized using a molten-salt method. Here, we discuss the structure-property relationships in detail. X-ray and neutron diffraction show that Bi2LaNb1.5Mn0.5O9 adopts an A21am orthorhombic crystal structure. Rietveld refinement analysis, supported by Raman spectroscopy, indicates that the Bi3+ ions occupy the bismuth oxide blocks, La3+ ions occupy the perovskite A-site, and Nb5+/Mn3+ ions occupy the perovskite B-site. Ferroelectric ordering takes place at 535 K, which coexists with local ferromagnetic order below 65 K. The cation disorder on the B-site results in relaxor-ferroelectric behavior, and the short-range ferromagnetic order can be attributed to Mn3+/Mn4+ double-exchange. Magnetodielectric coupling measured at 5 K and 100 kHz in a field of 5 T suggests the existence of intrinsic spin-lattice coupling with a magnetodielectric coefficient of 0.20%. These findings will provide significant impetus for further research into potential devices based on the magnetodielectric effect in Aurivillius materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tio Putra Wendari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang 25163, Indonesia
| | - Syukri Arief
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang 25163, Indonesia
| | - Nandang Mufti
- Center of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Graeme R Blake
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob Baas
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Veinardi Suendo
- Division of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Anton Prasetyo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Jl. Gajayana 50, Malang 65144, Indonesia
| | - Andon Insani
- Center for Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia
| | - Zulhadjri Zulhadjri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang 25163, Indonesia
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22
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In silico assessment of electrophysiological neuronal recordings mediated by magnetoelectric nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8386. [PMID: 35589877 PMCID: PMC9120189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetoelectric materials hold untapped potential to revolutionize biomedical technologies. Sensing of biophysical processes in the brain is a particularly attractive application, with the prospect of using magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) as injectable agents for rapid brain-wide modulation and recording. Recent studies have demonstrated wireless brain stimulation in vivo using MENPs synthesized from cobalt ferrite (CFO) cores coated with piezoelectric barium titanate (BTO) shells. CFO–BTO core–shell MENPs have a relatively high magnetoelectric coefficient and have been proposed for direct magnetic particle imaging (MPI) of brain electrophysiology. However, the feasibility of acquiring such readouts has not been demonstrated or methodically quantified. Here we present the results of implementing a strain-based finite element magnetoelectric model of CFO–BTO core–shell MENPs and apply the model to quantify magnetization in response to neural electric fields. We use the model to determine optimal MENPs-mediated electrophysiological readouts both at the single neuron level and for MENPs diffusing in bulk neural tissue for in vivo scenarios. Our results lay the groundwork for MENP recording of electrophysiological signals and provide a broad analytical infrastructure to validate MENPs for biomedical applications.
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23
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Coupled Multiphysics Modelling of Sensors for Chemical, Biomedical, and Environmental Applications with Focus on Smart Materials and Low-Dimensional Nanostructures. CHEMOSENSORS 2022; 10:157. [PMID: 35909810 PMCID: PMC9171916 DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10050157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Low-dimensional nanostructures have many advantages when used in sensors compared to the traditional bulk materials, in particular in their sensitivity and specificity. In such nanostructures, the motion of carriers can be confined from one, two, or all three spatial dimensions, leading to their unique properties. New advancements in nanosensors, based on low-dimensional nanostructures, permit their functioning at scales comparable with biological processes and natural systems, allowing their efficient functionalization with chemical and biological molecules. In this article, we provide details of such sensors, focusing on their several important classes, as well as the issues of their designs based on mathematical and computational models covering a range of scales. Such multiscale models require state-of-the-art techniques for their solutions, and we provide an overview of the associated numerical methodologies and approaches in this context. We emphasize the importance of accounting for coupling between different physical fields such as thermal, electromechanical, and magnetic, as well as of additional nonlinear and nonlocal effects which can be salient features of new applications and sensor designs. Our special attention is given to nanowires and nanotubes which are well suited for nanosensor designs and applications, being able to carry a double functionality, as transducers and the media to transmit the signal. One of the key properties of these nanostructures is an enhancement in sensitivity resulting from their high surface-to-volume ratio, which leads to their geometry-dependant properties. This dependency requires careful consideration at the modelling stage, and we provide further details on this issue. Another important class of sensors analyzed here is pertinent to sensor and actuator technologies based on smart materials. The modelling of such materials in their dynamics-enabled applications represents a significant challenge as we have to deal with strongly nonlinear coupled problems, accounting for dynamic interactions between different physical fields and microstructure evolution. Among other classes, important in novel sensor applications, we have given our special attention to heterostructures and nucleic acid based nanostructures. In terms of the application areas, we have focused on chemical and biomedical fields, as well as on green energy and environmentally-friendly technologies where the efficient designs and opportune deployments of sensors are both urgent and compelling.
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24
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Dong G, Wang T, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Hu Z, Ren W, Ye ZG, Shi K, Zhou Z, Liu M, Pan J. Strain-Induced Magnetoelectric Coupling in Fe 3O 4/BaTiO 3 Nanopillar Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13925-13931. [PMID: 35271247 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoelectric coupling properties are limited to the substrate clamping effect in traditional ferroelectric/ferromagnetic heterostructures. Here, Fe3O4/BaTiO3 nanopillar composites are successfully constructed. The well-ordered BaTiO3 nanopillar arrays are prepared through template-assisted pulsed laser deposition. The Fe3O4 layer is coated on BaTiO3 nanopillar arrays by atomic layer deposition. The nanopillar arrays and heterostructure are confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. A large thermally driven magnetoelectric coupling coefficient of 395 Oe °C-1 near the phase transition of BaTiO3 (orthorhombic to rhombohedral) is obtained, indicating a strong strain-induced magnetoelectric coupling effect. The enhanced magnetoelectric coupling effect originated from the reduced substrate clamping effect and increased the interface area in nanopillar structures. This work opens a door toward cutting-edge potential applications in spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Dong
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yijun Zhang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhongqiang Hu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zuo-Guang Ye
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Department of Chemistry & 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Keqing Shi
- Department of Intensive Care, Precision Medicine Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jingye Pan
- Department of Intensive Care, Precision Medicine Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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25
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Hsiao Y, Gopman DB, Mohanchandra K, Shirazi P, Lynch CS. Effect of interfacial and edge roughness on magnetoelectric control of Co/Ni microdisks on PMN-PT(011). Sci Rep 2022; 12:3919. [PMID: 35273193 PMCID: PMC8913801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniform magnetic behavior within arrays of magnetoelectric heterostructures is important for the development of reliable strain-mediated microdevices. Multiple mechanisms may contribute to observed nonuniform magnetization reversal including surface roughness, non-uniform strain, and fabrication induced imperfections. Here, Co/Ni microdisks of 7 µm diameter were produced on both [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]1−x–[PbTiO3]x with x = 0.3 nominal composition (PMN-30PT) (011) and Si substrates, and the out-of-plane magnetization reversal was characterized using magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). Coercivity variation across the microdisks within the arrays was observed on both the PMN-30PT and Si specimens with zero electric field applied. Co/Ni microdisks on a PMN-30PT substrate displayed relatively larger coercivity than those on a Si substrate due to the surface roughness effect. Quasistatic electric fields of varying magnitude were applied to the PMN-30PT substrate to assess the dependence of the coercivity on electric field induced strain. Our results indicate that while coercivity decreases with the increase of electric field induced strain, interfacial and edge roughness combine to realize a prohibitively large coercivity to overcome within the Co/Ni microdisks as well as a broad distribution of coercive field across a patterned microdisk array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hsiao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D B Gopman
- Materials Science & Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - K Mohanchandra
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P Shirazi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C S Lynch
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Bourns College of Engineering, University California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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26
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Chen A, Piao HG, Ji M, Fang B, Wen Y, Ma Y, Li P, Zhang XX. Using Dipole Interaction to Achieve Nonvolatile Voltage Control of Magnetism in Multiferroic Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2105902. [PMID: 34665483 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonvolatile electrical control of magnetism is crucial for developing energy-efficient magnetic memory. Based on strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling, a multiferroic heterostructure containing an isolated magnet requires nonvolatile strain to achieve this control. However, the magnetization response of an interacting magnet to strain remains elusive. Herein, Co/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) exhibiting dipole interaction on ferroelectric substrates are fabricated. Remarkably, nonvolatile voltage control of the resistance in the MTJs is demonstrated, which originates from the nonvolatile magnetization rotation of an interacting CoFeB magnet driven by volatile voltage-generated strain. Conversely, for an isolated CoFeB magnet, this volatile strain induces volatile control of magnetism. These results reveal that the magnetization response to volatile strain among interacting magnets is different from that among isolated magnets. The findings highlight the role of dipole interaction in multiferroic heterostructures and can stimulate future research on nonvolatile electrical control of magnetism with additional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitian Chen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hong-Guang Piao
- Yichang Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials, College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Minhui Ji
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Bin Fang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Wen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yinchang Ma
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peisen Li
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Xi-Xiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Lindemann S, Irwin J, Kim GY, Wang B, Eom K, Wang J, Hu J, Chen LQ, Choi SY, Eom CB, Rzchowski MS. Low-voltage magnetoelectric coupling in membrane heterostructures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh2294. [PMID: 34767439 PMCID: PMC8589311 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strain-mediated magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in ferroelectric (FE)/ferromagnetic (FM) heterostructures offers a unique opportunity for both fundamental scientific research and low-power multifunctional devices. Relaxor-FEs, such as (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-(x)PbTiO3 (PMN-xPT), are ideal FE layer candidates because of their giant piezoelectricity. However, thin films of PMN-PT suffer from substrate clamping, which substantially reduces piezoelectric in-plane strains. Here, we demonstrate low-voltage ME coupling in an all-thin-film heterostructure that uses the anisotropic strains induced by the (011) orientation of PMN-PT. We completely remove PMN-PT films from their substrate and couple with FM Ni overlayers to create membrane PMN-PT/Ni heterostructures showing 90° Ni magnetization rotation with 3 V PMN-PT bias, much less than the bulk PMN-PT ~100-V requirement. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and phase-field simulations clarify the membrane response. These results provide a crucial step toward understanding the microstructural behavior of PMN-PT thin films for use in piezo-driven ME heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Lindemann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Julian Irwin
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gi-Yeop Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kitae Eom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jiamian Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Si-Young Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Chang-Beom Eom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mark S. Rzchowski
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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28
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Liu M, Du W, Su H, Liu B, Meng H, Tang X. A voltage-pulse-modulated giant magnetoresistance switch with four flexible sensing ranges. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:505504. [PMID: 34479216 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This article introduces an innovative technique for achieving a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) switch with an adjustable sensing field range. A spin-valve (SV) patterned into a strip shape is grown on a specific (110)-cut Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3(PMN-PT) substrate. In the process of depositing films, a magnetic easy axis of the free layer in the SV is produced along the [001] direction (thex-axis) of the PMN-PT. This PMN-PT can produce a nonvolatile strain by using a positive voltage pulse. Accordingly, the magnetic moment of the free layer can be modulated to they-axis by the strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling effect produced in the SV/PMN-PT heterostructure. Furthermore, a negative voltage pulse can release the strain and revert the magnetic moment to the initial [001] direction. The effective field along the [1-10] direction produced by the nonvolatile strain can modulate the easy axis of the free layer, changing it from thex-axis to they-axis. Therefore, large and small switching fields are achieved in a bipolar GMR switch. Furthermore, by applying positive and negative voltage pulses at appropriate moments, two asymmetrical switching field ranges are obtained. Thus, a GMR switch with four adjustable switching field ranges can be obtained. The proposed modulating model is flexible and can meet the requirements of specific and different application systems. The proposed design reveals a great potential for the application to the internet of things and the development of low-power and high-efficient magnetoresistive sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Spintronics Materials, Devices and Systems of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311305, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Spintronics Materials, Devices and Systems of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311305, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, People's Republic of China
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29
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Wang J, Chen A, Li P, Zhang S. Magnetoelectric Memory Based on Ferromagnetic/Ferroelectric Multiferroic Heterostructure. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164623. [PMID: 34443144 PMCID: PMC8401036 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Electric-field control of magnetism is significant for the next generation of large-capacity and low-power data storage technology. In this regard, the renaissance of a multiferroic compound provides an elegant platform owing to the coexistence and coupling of ferroelectric (FE) and magnetic orders. However, the scarcity of single-phase multiferroics at room temperature spurs zealous research in pursuit of composite systems combining a ferromagnet with FE or piezoelectric materials. So far, electric-field control of magnetism has been achieved in the exchange-mediated, charge-mediated, and strain-mediated ferromagnetic (FM)/FE multiferroic heterostructures. Concerning the giant, nonvolatile, and reversible electric-field control of magnetism at room temperature, we first review the theoretical and representative experiments on the electric-field control of magnetism via strain coupling in the FM/FE multiferroic heterostructures, especially the CoFeB/PMN–PT [where PMN–PT denotes the (PbMn1/3Nb2/3O3)1−x-(PbTiO3)x] heterostructure. Then, the application in the prototype spintronic devices, i.e., spin valves and magnetic tunnel junctions, is introduced. The nonvolatile and reversible electric-field control of tunneling magnetoresistance without assistant magnetic field in the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)/FE architecture shows great promise for the future of data storage technology. We close by providing the main challenges of this and the different perspectives for straintronics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;
| | - Aitian Chen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (P.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Peisen Li
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (P.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sen Zhang
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (P.L.); (S.Z.)
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30
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Barman A, Gubbiotti G, Ladak S, Adeyeye AO, Krawczyk M, Gräfe J, Adelmann C, Cotofana S, Naeemi A, Vasyuchka VI, Hillebrands B, Nikitov SA, Yu H, Grundler D, Sadovnikov AV, Grachev AA, Sheshukova SE, Duquesne JY, Marangolo M, Csaba G, Porod W, Demidov VE, Urazhdin S, Demokritov SO, Albisetti E, Petti D, Bertacco R, Schultheiss H, Kruglyak VV, Poimanov VD, Sahoo S, Sinha J, Yang H, Münzenberg M, Moriyama T, Mizukami S, Landeros P, Gallardo RA, Carlotti G, Kim JV, Stamps RL, Camley RE, Rana B, Otani Y, Yu W, Yu T, Bauer GEW, Back C, Uhrig GS, Dobrovolskiy OV, Budinska B, Qin H, van Dijken S, Chumak AV, Khitun A, Nikonov DE, Young IA, Zingsem BW, Winklhofer M. The 2021 Magnonics Roadmap. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:413001. [PMID: 33662946 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abec1a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Magnonics is a budding research field in nanomagnetism and nanoscience that addresses the use of spin waves (magnons) to transmit, store, and process information. The rapid advancements of this field during last one decade in terms of upsurge in research papers, review articles, citations, proposals of devices as well as introduction of new sub-topics prompted us to present the first roadmap on magnonics. This is a collection of 22 sections written by leading experts in this field who review and discuss the current status besides presenting their vision of future perspectives. Today, the principal challenges in applied magnonics are the excitation of sub-100 nm wavelength magnons, their manipulation on the nanoscale and the creation of sub-micrometre devices using low-Gilbert damping magnetic materials and its interconnections to standard electronics. To this end, magnonics offers lower energy consumption, easier integrability and compatibility with CMOS structure, reprogrammability, shorter wavelength, smaller device features, anisotropic properties, negative group velocity, non-reciprocity and efficient tunability by various external stimuli to name a few. Hence, despite being a young research field, magnonics has come a long way since its early inception. This roadmap asserts a milestone for future emerging research directions in magnonics, and hopefully, it will inspire a series of exciting new articles on the same topic in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Barman
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Gianluca Gubbiotti
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali del Consiglio nazionale delle Ricerche (IOM-CNR), Perugia, Italy
| | - S Ladak
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - A O Adeyeye
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, United Kingdom
| | - M Krawczyk
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Gräfe
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - S Cotofana
- Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - A Naeemi
- Georgia Institute of Technology, United States of America
| | - V I Vasyuchka
- Department of Physics and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - B Hillebrands
- Department of Physics and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - S A Nikitov
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Moscow, Russia
| | - H Yu
- Fert Beijing Institute, BDBC, School of Microelectronics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brian Computing, Beihang University, People's Republic of China
| | - D Grundler
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Magnonics, Institute of Materials (IMX), Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - A V Sadovnikov
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory 'Magnetic Metamaterials', Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - A A Grachev
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory 'Magnetic Metamaterials', Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - S E Sheshukova
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory 'Magnetic Metamaterials', Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - J-Y Duquesne
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Sorbonne University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - M Marangolo
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Sorbonne University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - G Csaba
- Pázmány University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - W Porod
- University of Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - V E Demidov
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - S Urazhdin
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - S O Demokritov
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - D Petti
- Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - H Schultheiss
- Helmholtz-Center Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - S Sahoo
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - J Sinha
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - H Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Münzenberg
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Moriyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
- Centre for Spintronics Research Network, Japan
| | - S Mizukami
- Centre for Spintronics Research Network, Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - P Landeros
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago, Chile
| | - R A Gallardo
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago, Chile
| | - G Carlotti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- CNR Instituto Nanoscienze, Modena, Italy
| | - J-V Kim
- Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - R L Stamps
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - R E Camley
- Center for Magnetism and Magnetic Nanostructures, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, United States of America
| | | | - Y Otani
- RIKEN, Japan
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - W Yu
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - T Yu
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G E W Bauer
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Groningen University, The Netherlands
| | - C Back
- Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - G S Uhrig
- Technical University Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - B Budinska
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Qin
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - S van Dijken
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - A V Chumak
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Khitun
- University of California Riverside, United States of America
| | - D E Nikonov
- Components Research, Intel, Hillsboro, Oregon, United States of America
| | - I A Young
- Components Research, Intel, Hillsboro, Oregon, United States of America
| | - B W Zingsem
- The University of Duisburg-Essen, CENIDE, Germany
| | - M Winklhofer
- The Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany
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Tong J, Wu Y, Zhang R, Zhou L, Qin G, Tian F, Zhang X. Full-Electrical Writing and Reading of Magnetization States in a Magnetic Junction with Symmetrical Structure and Antiparallel Magnetic Configuration. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12213-12221. [PMID: 34228429 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Full-electrical writing and reading of magnetization states are vital for the development of next-generation spintronic devices with high density and ultralow-power consumption. Here, we proposed a method to realize the full-electrical writing and reading of magnetization states via a structural design, which only requires a symmetrical device structure and an antiparallel magnetic configuration. CrBr3, h-BN, and 1T-MnSe2 were selected to construct the device of CrBr3/h-BN/1T-MnSe2/h-BN/CrBr3, where the magnetization of two CrBr3 layers was fixed to the antiparallel state. By changing the direction and magnitude of the applied electric field, it is proved that the magnetization of 1T-MnSe2 could be reversed. Moreover, the device energies before and after the magnetization reversal are the same when the applied electric field is removed due to the structural symmetry. Meanwhile, the magnetic anisotropy energy of 1T-MnSe2 could induce an energy barrier, to guarantee the nonvolatile magnetization reversal in the present device. In addition, the tunnel magnetoresistance ratio was found up to 421%, showing a promising application to full-electrically write and read magnetization in spintronics. The present study likely promotes the development of full-electrical and ultralow-power spintronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Tong
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yanzhao Wu
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lianqun Zhou
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Gaowu Qin
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Fubo Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xianmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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Qin H, Dreyer R, Woltersdorf G, Taniyama T, van Dijken S. Electric-Field Control of Propagating Spin Waves by Ferroelectric Domain-Wall Motion in a Multiferroic Heterostructure. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100646. [PMID: 34050997 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic heterostructures offers a promising platform for electric-field control of magnonic devices based on low-power spin-wave transport. Here, electric-field manipulation of the amplitude and phase of propagating spin waves in a ferromagnetic Fe film on top of a ferroelectric BaTiO3 substrate is demonstrated experimentally. Electric-field effects in this composite material system are mediated by strain coupling between alternating ferroelectric stripe domains with in-plane and perpendicular polarization and fully correlated magnetic anisotropy domains with differing spin-wave transport properties. The propagation of spin waves across the strain-induced magnetic anisotropy domains of the Fe film is directly imaged and it is shown how reversible electric-field-driven motion of ferroelectric domain walls and pinned anisotropy boundaries turns the spin-wave signal on and off. Furthermore, linear electric-field tuning of the spin-wave phase by altering the width of strain-coupled stripe domains is demonstrated. The results provide a new route toward energy-efficient reconfigurable magnonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Qin
- NanoSpin, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Rouven Dreyer
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Georg Woltersdorf
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Tomoyasu Taniyama
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Sebastiaan van Dijken
- NanoSpin, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
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33
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Meisenheimer PB, Steinhardt RA, Sung SH, Williams LD, Zhuang S, Nowakowski ME, Novakov S, Torunbalci MM, Prasad B, Zollner CJ, Wang Z, Dawley NM, Schubert J, Hunter AH, Manipatruni S, Nikonov DE, Young IA, Chen LQ, Bokor J, Bhave SA, Ramesh R, Hu JM, Kioupakis E, Hovden R, Schlom DG, Heron JT. Engineering new limits to magnetostriction through metastability in iron-gallium alloys. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2757. [PMID: 33980848 PMCID: PMC8115637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetostrictive materials transduce magnetic and mechanical energies and when combined with piezoelectric elements, evoke magnetoelectric transduction for high-sensitivity magnetic field sensors and energy-efficient beyond-CMOS technologies. The dearth of ductile, rare-earth-free materials with high magnetostrictive coefficients motivates the discovery of superior materials. Fe1-xGax alloys are amongst the highest performing rare-earth-free magnetostrictive materials; however, magnetostriction becomes sharply suppressed beyond x = 19% due to the formation of a parasitic ordered intermetallic phase. Here, we harness epitaxy to extend the stability of the BCC Fe1-xGax alloy to gallium compositions as high as x = 30% and in so doing dramatically boost the magnetostriction by as much as 10x relative to the bulk and 2x larger than canonical rare-earth based magnetostrictors. A Fe1-xGax - [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.7-[PbTiO3]0.3 (PMN-PT) composite magnetoelectric shows robust 90° electrical switching of magnetic anisotropy and a converse magnetoelectric coefficient of 2.0 × 10-5 s m-1. When optimally scaled, this high coefficient implies stable switching at ~80 aJ per bit.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Meisenheimer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R A Steinhardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S H Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - L D Williams
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - S Zhuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M E Nowakowski
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - S Novakov
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M M Torunbalci
- OxideMEMS Lab, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - B Prasad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C J Zollner
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Z Wang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - N M Dawley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J Schubert
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9) and JARA Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - A H Hunter
- Michigan Center for Materials Characterization, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Manipatruni
- Components Research, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - D E Nikonov
- Components Research, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - I A Young
- Components Research, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - L Q Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - J Bokor
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - S A Bhave
- OxideMEMS Lab, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - R Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J-M Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - E Kioupakis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R Hovden
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Max-Born-Str. 2, Berlin, Germany
| | - J T Heron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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34
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Khojah R, Xiao Z, Panduranga MK, Bogumil M, Wang Y, Goiriena-Goikoetxea M, Chopdekar RV, Bokor J, Carman GP, Candler RN, Di Carlo D. Single-Domain Multiferroic Array-Addressable Terfenol-D (SMArT) Micromagnets for Programmable Single-Cell Capture and Release. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006651. [PMID: 33831219 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Programming magnetic fields with microscale control can enable automation at the scale of single cells ≈10 µm. Most magnetic materials provide a consistent magnetic field over time but the direction or field strength at the microscale is not easily modulated. However, magnetostrictive materials, when coupled with ferroelectric material (i.e., strain-mediated multiferroics), can undergo magnetization reorientation due to voltage-induced strain, promising refined control of magnetization at the micrometer-scale. This work demonstrates the largest single-domain microstructures (20 µm) of Terfenol-D (Tb0.3 Dy0.7 Fe1.92 ), a material that has the highest magnetostrictive strain of any known soft magnetoelastic material. These Terfenol-D microstructures enable controlled localization of magnetic beads with sub-micrometer precision. Magnetically labeled cells are captured by the field gradients generated from the single-domain microstructures without an external magnetic field. The magnetic state on these microstructures is switched through voltage-induced strain, as a result of the strain-mediated converse magnetoelectric effect, to release individual cells using a multiferroic approach. These electronically addressable micromagnets pave the way for parallelized multiferroics-based single-cell sorting under digital control for biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Khojah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhuyun Xiao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1594, USA
| | - Mohanchandra K Panduranga
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1597, USA
| | - Michael Bogumil
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yilian Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Maite Goiriena-Goikoetxea
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1770, USA
- Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Rajesh V Chopdekar
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bokor
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1770, USA
| | - Gregory P Carman
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1597, USA
| | - Rob N Candler
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1594, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1597, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1597, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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35
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Zhao Y, Zhao M, Tian B, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Liu M, Zhou Z. Enhancing Sunlight Control of Interfacial Magnetism by Introducing the ZnO Layer for Electron Harvesting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2018-2024. [PMID: 33351600 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, researchers have developed photovoltaic (PV) control of magnetism to provide a new way of manipulating spin states in an energy-effective manner, where the capability of magnetism manipulation is crucial. Here, we established a PV heterostructure of Pt/PV/ZnO/Co/Si to realize sunlight control of magnetism, where the ZnO layer is introduced to enhance the electron transportation as well as the interfacial optical-electromagnetic tunability. Compared to the PV heterostructure without the ZnO layer (245 Oe), a much greater ferromagnetic resonance shift (1149 Oe) and a saturated magnetization reduction (12.7%) were obtained with the optimal ZnO inserting layer under sunlight illumination. These results prove that the ZnO layer plays a key role in optimizing magnetic manipulation and opening a door toward PV spintronics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhao
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Bian Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Manufacturing Equipment, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Manufacturing Equipment, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yuheng Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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36
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Wang J, Yang T, Wang B, Rzchowski MS, Eom C, Chen L. Strain‐Induced Interlayer Parallel‐to‐Antiparallel Magnetic Transitions of Twisted Bilayers. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Jun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, 16802 USA
| | - Tian‐Nan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, 16802 USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, 16802 USA
| | - Mark S. Rzchowski
- Department of Physics University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Chang‐Beom Eom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Long‐Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, 16802 USA
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37
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Ba Y, Zhuang S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Gao Y, Zhou H, Chen M, Sun W, Liu Q, Chai G, Ma J, Zhang Y, Tian H, Du H, Jiang W, Nan C, Hu JM, Zhao Y. Electric-field control of skyrmions in multiferroic heterostructure via magnetoelectric coupling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:322. [PMID: 33436572 PMCID: PMC7803786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Room-temperature skyrmions in magnetic multilayers are considered to be promising candidates for the next-generation spintronic devices. Several approaches have been developed to control skyrmions, but they either cause significant heat dissipation or require ultrahigh electric fields near the breakdown threshold. Here, we demonstrate electric-field control of skyrmions through strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling in ferromagnetic/ferroelectric multiferroic heterostructures. We show the process of non-volatile creation of multiple skyrmions, reversible deformation and annihilation of a single skyrmion by performing magnetic force microscopy with in situ electric fields. Strain-induced changes in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction strength are characterized experimentally. These experimental results, together with micromagnetic simulations, demonstrate that strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling (via strain-induced changes in both the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction is responsible for the observed electric-field control of skyrmions. Our work provides a platform to investigate electric-field control of skyrmions in multiferroic heterostructures and paves the way towards more energy-efficient skyrmion-based spintronics. The common approaches to control of skymions cause significant heat dissipation or require high electric fields near the breakdown threshold. Here, the authors demonstrate electric-field control of skyrmions through strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Ba
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shihao Zhuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Yike Zhang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hengan Zhou
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mingfeng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weideng Sun
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guozhi Chai
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huanfang Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wanjun Jiang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cewen Nan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jia-Mian Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Yonggang Zhao
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Non-Volatile Regulation of Magnetism via Electric Fields in Polycrystal FeSi/(011) PMN-0.32PT Heterostructures. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry6040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The choice and configuration of the ferroelectric (FE) substrate and the ferromagnetic (FM) layer in FM/FE heterostructures play an important role in magnetism modification with regard to amplitude and efficiency. In this study, we fabricated FeSi films on low crystalline (011) [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.7-[PbTiO3]0.3 (PMN-0.32PT) using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. In the annealed FeSi/(011) PMN-0.32PT heterostructures, the FeSi film presented with a (011) preferred orientated polycrystalline structure and low magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Both loop-like and butterfly-like magnetism modifications were observed by applying bipolar electric fields, and the weak and abnormal electrically mediated magnetism behaviors were significantly different from the prominent magnetic anisotropy transition in FeSi/(011) PMN-0.3PT. The comparative analyses suggest that the resulting high-quality single-crystalline PMN-xPT and FM films with low coercivity are of great significance for exploring giant, reversible, and non-volatile magnetism regulation.
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He Y, Fecher GH, Fu C, Pan Y, Manna K, Kroder J, Jha A, Wang X, Hu Z, Agrestini S, Herrero-Martín J, Valvidares M, Skourski Y, Schnelle W, Stamenov P, Borrmann H, Tjeng LH, Schaefer R, Parkin SSP, Coey JMD, Felser C. A New Highly Anisotropic Rh-Based Heusler Compound for Magnetic Recording. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004331. [PMID: 33029834 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-density magnetic recording media is limited by superparamagnetism in very small ferromagnetic crystals. Hard magnetic materials with strong perpendicular anisotropy offer stability and high recording density. To overcome the difficulty of writing media with a large coercivity, heat-assisted magnetic recording was developed, rapidly heating the media to the Curie temperature Tc before writing, followed by rapid cooling. Requirements are a suitable Tc , coupled with anisotropic thermal conductivity and hard magnetic properties. Here, Rh2 CoSb is introduced as a new hard magnet with potential for thin-film magnetic recording. A magnetocrystalline anisotropy of 3.6 MJ m-3 is combined with a saturation magnetization of μ0 Ms = 0.52 T at 2 K (2.2 MJ m-3 and 0.44 T at room temperature). The magnetic hardness parameter of 3.7 at room temperature is the highest observed for any rare-earth-free hard magnet. The anisotropy is related to an unquenched orbital moment of 0.42 μB on Co, which is hybridized with neighboring Rh atoms with a large spin-orbit interaction. Moreover, the pronounced temperature dependence of the anisotropy that follows from its Tc of 450 K, together with a thermal conductivity of 20 W m-1 K-1 , make Rh2 CoSb a candidate for the development of heat-assisted writing with a recording density in excess of 10 Tb in.-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangkun He
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Fecher
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Chenguang Fu
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Yu Pan
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Kaustuv Manna
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Johannes Kroder
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Ajay Jha
- School of Physics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Xiao Wang
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Stefano Agrestini
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Javier Herrero-Martín
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08290, Spain
| | - Manuel Valvidares
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08290, Spain
| | - Yurii Skourski
- Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD-EMFL), Helmholtz-zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - Walter Schnelle
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | | | - Horst Borrmann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Liu Hao Tjeng
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Rudolf Schaefer
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtz strasse 20, Dresden, D-01069, Germany
- Institute for Materials Science, TU Dresden, Dresden, D-01062, Germany
| | - Stuart S P Parkin
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Felser
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
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40
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Du EW, Gong SJ, Tang X, Chu J, Rappe AM, Gong C. Ferroelectric Switching of Pure Spin Polarization in Two-Dimensional Electron Gas. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7230-7236. [PMID: 32786931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) created at compound interfaces can exhibit a broad range of exotic physical phenomena, including quantum Hall phase, emergent ferromagnetism, and superconductivity. Although electron spin plays key roles in these phenomena, the fundamental understanding and application prospects of such emergent interfacial states have been largely impeded by the lack of purely spin-polarized 2DEG. In this work, by first-principles calculations of the multiferroic superlattice GeTe/MnTe, we find the ferroelectric polarization of GeTe is concurrent with the half-metallic 2DEG at interfaces. Remarkably, the pure spin polarization of the 2DEG can be created and annihilated by polarizing and depolarizing the ferroelectrics and can be switched (between pure spin-up and pure spin-down) by flipping the ferroelectric polarization. Given the electric-field amplification effect of ferroelectric electronics, we envision multiferroic superlattices could open up new opportunities for low-power, high-efficiency spintronic devices such as spin field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Optoelectronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shi-Jing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Optoelectronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Optoelectronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Junhao Chu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Cheng Gong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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41
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Liu ZC, Wang L. Carbon resistive probe memory designed for ultra-high storage density. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:385204. [PMID: 32503020 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab99f4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Probe-based storage memories are considered one of the most promising solutions to address the mass storage issues in the near future. However, data size arising from conventional probe memories is usually larger than probe size due to the thermal diffusion effect. To eliminate such thermal interference and make data dimension fully dominated by probe dimension, we proposed a concept of carbon-based resistive probe memory and developed a comprehensive computational model to predict its write, rewrite and readout performances governed by electro-thermal and mass concentration processes. The physical reality of such a theoretical model was demonstrated through the good agreement between the calculated and experimental measured threshold voltages for different layered thickness. The data bit of carbon-based resistive probe memory, considered as the sp2 filament inside sp3 background, is formed completely underneath the tip edge due to the localized electric field induced here. This makes the bit size fully determined by the probe tip dimension and allows for the achievement of ultra-high density using an ultra-small probe tip with low energy consumption. Such a conductive filament can be also rewritten back to its pristine sp3 state at relatively high temperature (~250 °C) and detected by sensing the device reading contrast (~1). The designed carbon-based resistive probe memory can retain its bit completeness even if we reduce the bit pitch to 28 nm for a probe size of 25 nm, exhibiting a superior immunity to thermal cross-talk effect. It, however, induces strong readout cross-talk, which is revealed from the resistance image of the multiple bit pattern. This adversely reduces the achievable recording density due to the required large bit pitch, which can be alleviated using either a very sharp tip apex or the optical readout scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Cheng Liu
- School of Information Engineering, Nanchang Hang Kong University, Nanchang 330069, People's Republic of China
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42
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Pereira N, Lima AC, Lanceros-Mendez S, Martins P. Magnetoelectrics: Three Centuries of Research Heading towards the 4.0 Industrial Revolution. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4033. [PMID: 32932903 PMCID: PMC7558578 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Magnetoelectric (ME) materials composed of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases have been the subject of decades of research due to their versatility and unique capability to couple the magnetic and electric properties of the matter. While these materials are often studied from a fundamental point of view, the 4.0 revolution (automation of traditional manufacturing and industrial practices, using modern smart technology) and the Internet of Things (IoT) context allows the perfect conditions for this type of materials being effectively/finally implemented in a variety of advanced applications. This review starts in the era of Rontgen and Curie and ends up in the present day, highlighting challenges/directions for the time to come. The main materials, configurations, ME coefficients, and processing techniques are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nélson Pereira
- Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (N.P.); (A.C.L.)
- Algoritmi Center, Minho University, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Lima
- Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (N.P.); (A.C.L.)
- INL—International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science (Ikerbasque), 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Pedro Martins
- Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (N.P.); (A.C.L.)
- IB-S Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-sustainability, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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43
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Ou QF, Xiong BS, Yu L, Wen J, Wang L, Tong Y. In-Memory Logic Operations and Neuromorphic Computing in Non-Volatile Random Access Memory. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3532. [PMID: 32785179 PMCID: PMC7475900 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the development of artificial intelligence technologies, aided by deep learning algorithms, has led to an unprecedented revolution in neuromorphic circuits, bringing us ever closer to brain-like computers. However, the vast majority of advanced algorithms still have to run on conventional computers. Thus, their capacities are limited by what is known as the von-Neumann bottleneck, where the central processing unit for data computation and the main memory for data storage are separated. Emerging forms of non-volatile random access memory, such as ferroelectric random access memory, phase-change random access memory, magnetic random access memory, and resistive random access memory, are widely considered to offer the best prospect of circumventing the von-Neumann bottleneck. This is due to their ability to merge storage and computational operations, such as Boolean logic. This paper reviews the most common kinds of non-volatile random access memory and their physical principles, together with their relative pros and cons when compared with conventional CMOS-based circuits (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor). Their potential application to Boolean logic computation is then considered in terms of their working mechanism, circuit design and performance metrics. The paper concludes by envisaging the prospects offered by non-volatile devices for future brain-inspired and neuromorphic computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Feng Ou
- School of Information Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China; (Q.-F.O.); (B.-S.X.); (L.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Bang-Shu Xiong
- School of Information Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China; (Q.-F.O.); (B.-S.X.); (L.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Lei Yu
- School of Information Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China; (Q.-F.O.); (B.-S.X.); (L.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jing Wen
- School of Information Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China; (Q.-F.O.); (B.-S.X.); (L.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Information Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China; (Q.-F.O.); (B.-S.X.); (L.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Yi Tong
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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44
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Wang W, Sun W, Zhang G, Ren F, Wang Y, You C, Cheng Z. Ferroelectrically tunable magnetism in BiFeO 3/BaTiO 3 heterostructure revealed by the first-principles calculations. J Adv Res 2020; 24:371-377. [PMID: 32477607 PMCID: PMC7248427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The perovskite oxide interface has attracted extensive attention as a platform for achieving strong coupling between ferroelectricity and magnetism. In this work, robust control of magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in the BiFeO3/BaTiO3 (BFO/BTO) heterostructure (HS) was revealed by using the first-principles calculation. Switching of the ferroelectric polarization of BTO induce large ME effect with significant changes on the magnetic ordering and easy magnetization axis, making up for the weak ME coupling effect of single-phase multiferroic BFO. In addition, the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) and the exchange coupling constants J for the BFO part of the HSs are simultaneously manipulated by the ferroelectric polarization, especially the DMI at the interface is significantly enhanced, which is three or four times larger than that of the individual BFO bulk. This work paves the way for designing new nanomagnetic devices based on the substantial interfacial ME effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Wang
- Institute for Computational Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute for Computational Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangbiao Zhang
- Institute for Computational Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengzhu Ren
- Institute for Computational Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanxu Wang
- Institute for Computational Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics and Electronics Education, School of Physics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caiyin You
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiang Cheng
- Institute for Computational Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
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45
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Yu Z, Shen M, Zeng Z, Liang S, Liu Y, Chen M, Zhang Z, Lu Z, You L, Yang X, Zhang Y, Xiong R. Voltage-controlled skyrmion-based nanodevices for neuromorphic computing using a synthetic antiferromagnet. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1309-1317. [PMID: 36133072 PMCID: PMC9419653 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spintronics exhibits significant potential for a neuromorphic computing system with high speed, high integration density, and low dissipation. In this article, we propose an ultralow-dissipation skyrmion-based nanodevice composed of a synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) and a piezoelectric substrate for neuromorphic computing. Skyrmions/skyrmion bubbles can be generated in the upper layer of an SAF with a weak anisotropy energy (E a). Applying a weak electric field on the heterostructure, interlayer antiferromagnetic coupling can be manipulated, giving rise to a continuous transition between a large skyrmion bubble and a small skyrmion. This thus induces a variation of the resistance of a magnetic tunneling junction that can mimic the potentiation/depression of a synapse and the leaky-integral-and-fire function of a neuron at a cost of a very low energy consumption of 0.3 fJ. These results pave a way to ultralow power neuromorphic computing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Maokang Shen
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Zhongming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Shiheng Liang
- Department of Physics, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 P. R. China
| | - Long You
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
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46
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Venet M, Santa-Rosa W, da Silva PS, M’Peko JC, Ramos P, Amorín H, Algueró M. Selection and Optimization of a K 0.5Na 0.5NbO 3-Based Material for Environmentally-Friendly Magnetoelectric Composites. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13030731. [PMID: 32033500 PMCID: PMC7040936 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Li- and Ta-modified K0.5Na0.5NbO3 compounds are among the most promising lead-free ferroelectrics for high-sensitivity piezoelectric ceramic materials, and are potentially capable of replacing Pb(Zr,Ti)O3. They are also being investigated as piezoelectric components in environmentally friendly magnetoelectric composites. However, most suitable modifications for this application have not been identified. We report here a simulation study of how the magnetoelectric voltage responses of layered composite structures based on Lix(K0.5Na0.5)1−xNb1−yTayO3 varies with the chemical composition of the piezoelectric. Instead of relying on material coefficients from the literature, which would have required using different sources, an ad hoc set of materials was prepared. This demanded tailoring preparation by conventional means to obtain dense ceramics while controlling alkali volatilization, perovskite phase and microstructure, as well as characterizing their dielectric, elastic and electromechanical properties. This provided the set of relevant material coefficients as a function of composition, which was used to obtain the magnetoelectric responses of model layered structures including a reference magnetostrictive spinel oxide by simulation. The piezoelectric material leading to the highest magnetoelectric coefficient was identified, and shown to be different to that showing the highest piezoelectric coefficient. This reflects the dependence of the magnetoelectric response on all material coefficients, along with the complex interplay between composition, processing and properties in K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Venet
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos. São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (W.S.-R.); (P.S.d.S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+55-16-3351-9350
| | - Washington Santa-Rosa
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos. São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (W.S.-R.); (P.S.d.S.J.)
| | - Paulo Sergio da Silva
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos. São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (W.S.-R.); (P.S.d.S.J.)
| | - Jean-Claude M’Peko
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil;
| | - Pablo Ramos
- Departamento de Electrónica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Harvey Amorín
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC. Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (H.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Miguel Algueró
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC. Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (H.A.); (M.A.)
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47
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Hohenberger S, Jochum JK, Van Bael MJ, Temst K, Patzig C, Höche T, Grundmann M, Lorenz M. Enhanced Magnetoelectric Coupling in BaTiO 3-BiFeO 3 Multilayers-An Interface Effect. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E197. [PMID: 31906580 PMCID: PMC6982203 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Combining various (multi-)ferroic materials into heterostructures is a promising route to enhance their inherent properties, such as the magnetoelectric coupling in BiFeO3 thin films. We have previously reported on the up-to-tenfold increase of the magnetoelectric voltage coefficient α ME in BaTiO3-BiFeO3 multilayers relative to BiFeO3 single layers. Unraveling the origin and mechanism of this enhanced effect is a prerequisite to designing new materials for the application of magnetoelectric devices. By careful variations in the multilayer design we now present an evaluation of the influences of the BaTiO3-BiFeO3 thickness ratio, oxygen pressure during deposition, and double layer thickness. Our findings suggest an interface driven effect at the core of the magnetoelectric coupling effect in our multilayers superimposed on the inherent magnetoelectric coupling of BiFeO3 thin films, which leads to a giant α ME coefficient of 480 V c m -1 Oe-1 for a 16 × (BaTiO3-BiFeO3) superlattice with a 4 . 8 nm double layer periodicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hohenberger
- Felix-Bloch-Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany (M.L.)
| | - Johanna K. Jochum
- Quantum Solid State Physics, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Lichtenbergstr. 1, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Kristiaan Temst
- Quantum Solid State Physics, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christian Patzig
- Center for Applied Microstructure Diagnostics, Fraunhofer-Institut für Mikrostruktur von Werkstoffen und Systemen, Walter-Hülse-Straße 1, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Höche
- Center for Applied Microstructure Diagnostics, Fraunhofer-Institut für Mikrostruktur von Werkstoffen und Systemen, Walter-Hülse-Straße 1, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Marius Grundmann
- Felix-Bloch-Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany (M.L.)
| | - Michael Lorenz
- Felix-Bloch-Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany (M.L.)
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48
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Yin L, Mi W. Progress in BiFeO 3-based heterostructures: materials, properties and applications. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:477-523. [PMID: 31850428 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08800h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BiFeO3-based heterostructures have attracted much attention for potential applications due to their room-temperature multiferroic properties, proper band gaps and ultrahigh ferroelectric polarization of BiFeO3, such as data storage, optical utilization in visible light regions and synapse-like function. Here, this work aims to offer a systematic review on the progress of BiFeO3-based heterostructures. In the first part, the optical, electric, magnetic, and valley properties and their interactions in BiFeO3-based heterostructures are briefly reviewed. In the second part, the morphologies of BiFeO3 and medium materials in the heterostructures are discussed. Particularly, in the third part, the physical properties and underlying mechanism in BiFeO3-based heterostructures are discussed thoroughly, such as the photovoltaic effect, electric field control of magnetism, resistance switching, and two-dimensional electron gas and valley characteristics. The fourth part illustrates the applications of BiFeO3-based heterostructures based on the materials and physical properties discussed in the second and third parts. This review also includes a future prospect, which can provide guidance for exploring novel physical properties and designing multifunctional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
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49
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Chen A, Zhang S, Wen Y, Huang H, Kosel J, Lu Y, Zhang XX. Electric-Field-Enhanced Bulk Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in GdFe/Pb(Mg 1/3Nb 2/3) 0.7Ti 0.3O 3 Multiferroic Heterostructure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:47091-47097. [PMID: 31736291 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is important for increasing the information storage density in the perpendicular magnetic recording media, and for rare-earth-transition-metal alloys with bulk perpendicular magnetic anisotropy that generate great research interest due to their abundant interesting phenomena, such as fast domain wall motion and skyrmion. Here, we deposit amorphous GdFe ferrimagnetic films on Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 ferroelectric substrate and investigate the effect of electric-field-induced piezostrain on its bulk perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The anomalous Hall effect and polar Kerr image measurements suggest an enhanced bulk perpendicular magnetic anisotropy by electric field, which originates from a positive magnetoelastic anisotropy due to the positive magnetostriction coefficient of the GdFe film and the electric-field-induced tensile strain along the z axis in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 ferroelectric substrate. Our results enrich the electrical control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and are useful for designing spintronic devices based on perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haoliang Huang
- Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | | | - Yalin Lu
- Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
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50
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Zhao Y, Zhao S, Wang L, Zhou Z, Liu J, Min T, Peng B, Hu Z, Jin S, Liu M. Sunlight Control of Interfacial Magnetism for Solar Driven Spintronic Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901994. [PMID: 31871867 PMCID: PMC6918118 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The inexorable trend of next generation spintronics is to develop smaller, lighter, faster, and more energy efficient devices. Ultimately, spintronics driven by free energy, for example, solar power, is imperative. Here, a prototype photovoltaic spintronic device with an optical-magneto-electric tricoupled photovoltaic/magnetic thin film heterojunction, where magnetism can be manipulated directly by sunlight via interfacial effect, is proposed. The magnetic anisotropy is reduced evidenced by the out-of-plane ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) field change of 640.26 Oe under 150 mW cm-2 illumination via in situ electron spin resonance (ESR) method. The transient absorption analysis and the first-principles calculation reveal that the photovoltaic electrons doping in the cobalt film alter the band filling of this ferromagnetic film. The findings provide a new path of electron doping control magnetism and demonstrate an optical-magnetic dual controllable logical switch with limited energy supply, which may further transform the landscape of spintronics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhao
- Electronic Materials Research LaboratoryKey Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric ResearchSchool of Electronic and Information Engineering and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacture and Measurement TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Shishun Zhao
- Electronic Materials Research LaboratoryKey Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric ResearchSchool of Electronic and Information Engineering and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Spintronics and Quantum SystemState Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Electronic Materials Research LaboratoryKey Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric ResearchSchool of Electronic and Information Engineering and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Junxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan Rd.Dalian116023China
| | - Tai Min
- Center for Spintronics and Quantum SystemState Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Bin Peng
- Electronic Materials Research LaboratoryKey Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric ResearchSchool of Electronic and Information Engineering and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Zhongqiang Hu
- Electronic Materials Research LaboratoryKey Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric ResearchSchool of Electronic and Information Engineering and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Shengye Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan Rd.Dalian116023China
| | - Ming Liu
- Electronic Materials Research LaboratoryKey Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric ResearchSchool of Electronic and Information Engineering and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacture and Measurement TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
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