1
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Wu Z, Bergmann K, Hudson ZM. Dopants Induce Persistent Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Triarylamine Boronate Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319089. [PMID: 38277401 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Purely organic materials exhibiting room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are promising candidates for oxygen sensors and information encryption owing to their cost-effective and environmentally friendly nature. Herein, we report a bimolecular RTP system where DTBU acts as the guest and TBBU serves as the host. In contrast to previously reported results, we find that both pure DTBU and TBBU do not exhibit RTP in the solid state even under N2 atmosphere. A DTBU/TBBU system with a low doping ratio (0.1 mol %) exhibits persistent yellowish-green afterglow with a lifetime of 340 ms and is highly sensitive to oxygen. A DTBU/TBBU system with a higher doping ratio (10 mol %) maintains a phosphorescence lifetime of 179 ms under air. Applications of DTBU/TBBU at varied doping ratios in both oxygen sensing and information encryption are demonstrated. We propose that the T1 state of TBBU acts as an energy transfer intermediate between Tn and T1 of DTBU, ultimately leading to the generation of persistent RTP. Overall, this work demonstrates the critical importance of material purity in the design of RTP systems, and how an understanding of host-guest doping enables their photophysical properties to be precisely tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katrina Bergmann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
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2
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Roy M, Sykora M, Aslam M. Chemical Aspects of Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:9. [PMID: 38430313 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Halide perovskite nanocrystals (HPNCs) are currently among the most intensely investigated group of materials. Structurally related to the bulk halide perovskites (HPs), HPNCs are nanostructures with distinct chemical, optical, and electronic properties and significant practical potential. One of the keys to the effective exploitation of the HPNCs in advanced technologies is the development of controllable, reproducible, and scalable methods for preparation of materials with desired compositions, phases, and shapes and low defect content. Another important condition is a quantitative understanding of factors affecting the chemical stability and the optical and electronic properties of HPNCs. Here we review important recent developments in these areas. Following a brief historical prospective, we provide an overview of known chemical methods for preparation of HPNCs and approaches used to control their composition, phase, size, and shape. We then review studies of the relationship between the chemical composition and optical properties of HPNCs, degradation mechanisms, and effects of charge injection. Finally, we provide a short summary and an outlook. The aim of this review is not to provide a comprehensive summary of all relevant literature but rather a selection of highlights, which, in the subjective view of the authors, provide the most significant recent observations and relevant analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, 84104, Slovakia
| | - Milan Sykora
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, 84104, Slovakia
| | - M Aslam
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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3
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Kim J, John AT, Li H, Huang CY, Chi Y, Anandan PR, Murugappan K, Tang J, Lin CH, Hu L, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Tricoli A, Chu D, Wu T. High-Performance Optoelectronic Gas Sensing Based on All-Inorganic Mixed-Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals with Halide Engineering. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300417. [PMID: 37330645 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Gas sensors are of great interest to portable and miniaturized sensing technologies with applications ranging from air quality monitoring to explosive detection and medical diagnostics, but the existing chemiresistive NO2 sensors still suffer from issues such as poor sensitivity, high operating temperature, and slow recovery. Herein, a high-performance NO2 sensors based on all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) is reported, achieving room temperature operation with ultra-fast response and recovery time. After tailoring the halide composition, superior sensitivity of ≈67 at 8 ppm NO2 is obtained in CsPbI2 Br PNC sensors with a detection level down to 2 ppb, which outperforms other nanomaterial-based NO2 sensors. Furthermore, the remarkable optoelectronic properties of such PNCs enable dual-mode operation, i.e., chemiresistive and chemioptical sensing, presenting a new and versatile platform for advancing high-performance, point-of-care NO2 detection technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Alishba T John
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering Chemistry, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Hanchen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chien-Yu Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yuan Chi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Pradeep Raja Anandan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Krishnan Murugappan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Mineral Resources, Clayton South, Victoria, 3169, Australia
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chun-Ho Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Long Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2019, Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering Chemistry, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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4
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Bhawna, Alam A, Aslam M. Oxygen and moisture-induced healing of halide double perovskite surface defects. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:084703. [PMID: 37610019 DOI: 10.1063/5.0154047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we studied the impact of environmental constituents such as oxygen (O2) and moisture on halide double perovskite (HDP) films. The transport measurements indicate that an increment in O2 concentration enhances the resistivity of a Cs2AgBiBr6 film by two orders of magnitude. The adsorption of O2 on the film's surface helps in passivation of defects (∼50% reduction in defect density on O2 exposure), which inhibits ion migration and results in an increased resistivity of the film. The process of adsorption and desorption of O2 on the film surface is found to be fully reversible. In contrast, the resistivity of double perovskite films decreases by an order of magnitude in the presence of moisture. This is attributed to the generation of free protons as a result of the dissociation of water molecules at the films' surface, hence exhibiting an increase in current under external bias. The HDP films possess high resistivity (for T < 100 °C) due to the desorption of physisorbed water layers from the surface, which gradually decreases with an increase in the operating temperature. This work demonstrates that O2 and moisture are a good combination for defect passivation in any HDPs, in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - M Aslam
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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5
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Chen J, Wang C, Zhao J, Liang G, Xu G, Wang GE. A Novel Strategy for Enhancing NO2 Sensitivity of New 1D Organic-Inorganic Metal Halide Hybrids. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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6
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Hun CM, Chen LC. Properties and alcohol sensing applications of quasi-2D (PEA) 2(MA) 3Sb 2Br 9 thin films. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2023; 18:19. [PMID: 36808580 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated an alcohol detector based on (PEA)2(CH3NH3)3Sb2Br9 ((PEA)2MA3Sb2Br9) lead-free perovskite-like films. The XRD pattern revealed that the (PEA)2MA3Sb2Br9 lead-free perovskite-like films exhibited a quasi-2D structure. The optimal current response ratios are 74 and 84 for 5 and 15% alcohol solutions, respectively. When the amount of PEABr decreases in the films, the conductivity of the sample in ambient alcohol with a high alcohol concentration solution increases. The alcohol was dissolved into water and carbon dioxide due to the catalyst effect of the quasi-2D (PEA)2MA3Sb2Br9 thin film. The rise and fall times for the alcohol detector were 1.85 and 0.7 s, respectively, indicating that the detector was suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Min Hun
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Chien Chen
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan.
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Morello G, Milanese S, De Giorgi ML, Calisi N, Caporali S, Biccari F, Falsini N, Vinattieri A, Anni M. Temperature-Dependent Amplified Spontaneous Emission in CsPbBr 3 Thin Films Deposited by Single-Step RF-Magnetron Sputtering. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:306. [PMID: 36678059 PMCID: PMC9866928 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to their high optical efficiency, low-cost fabrication and wide variety in composition and bandgap, halide perovskites are recognized nowadays as real contenders for the development of the next generation of optoelectronic devices, which, among others, often require high quality over large areas which is readily attainable by vacuum deposition. Here, we report the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) properties of two CsPbBr3 films obtained by single-step RF-magnetron sputtering from a target containing precursors with variable compositions. Both the samples show ASE over a broad range of temperatures from 10 K up to 270 K. The ASE threshold results strongly temperature dependent, with the best performance occurring at about 50 K (down to 100 µJ/cm2), whereas at higher temperatures, there is evidence of thermally induced optical quenching. The observed temperature dependence is consistent with exciton detrapping up to about 50 K. At higher temperatures, progressive free exciton dissociation favors higher carrier mobility and increases trapping at defect states with consequent emission reduction and increased thresholds. The reported results open the way for effective large-area, high quality, organic solution-free deposited perovskite thin films for optoelectronic applications, with a remarkable capability to finely tune their physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Morello
- CNR-IMM, Institute for Microelectronic and Microsystems Unit of Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, I-73010 Arnesano (LE), Italy
| | - Stefania Milanese
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa De Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Nicola Calisi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Via di S. Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy
- Research Unit of Firenze, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefano Caporali
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Via di S. Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy
- Research Unit of Firenze, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Biccari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LENS, University of Florence, Via G. Sansone1, 50125 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Naomi Falsini
- Nuclear Safety, Security and Sustainability Division, Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Vinattieri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LENS, University of Florence, Via G. Sansone1, 50125 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Marco Anni
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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8
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Huang ZH, Layek M, Li CF, Lee KM, Huang YC. Cesium Lead Bromide Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Modification, and Application to O 2 Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8853. [PMID: 36433450 PMCID: PMC9698211 DOI: 10.3390/s22228853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence intensity of inorganic CsPbBr3 (CPB) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) decreases in the presence of O2. In this study, we synthesized CPB NCs with various shapes and sizes for use as optical gas sensing materials. We fabricated O2 gas sensors from the various CPB NCs on several porous and nonporous substrates and examined the effects of the NC shapes and aggregate sizes and the substrate pore size on the device response. Our sensor fabricated from CPB nanocrystals on a porous substrate exhibited the highest response; the porous substrate allowed the rapid diffusion of O2 such that the NC surface was exposed effectively to the gas. Thus, the interfacial interaction between NC surfaces and substrates is a critical factor for consideration when preparing gas sensors with a high response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Madhuja Layek
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Chia-Feng Li
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Mu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Huang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
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9
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Tien CH, Lee KL, Tao CC, Lin ZQ, Lin ZH, Chen LC. Two-Dimensional (PEA) 2PbBr 4 Perovskites Sensors for Highly Sensitive Ethanol Vapor Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8155. [PMID: 36365851 PMCID: PMC9658801 DOI: 10.3390/s22218155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) perovskite have been widely researched for solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors because of their excellent environmental stability and optoelectronic properties in comparison to three-dimensional (3D) perovskite. In this study, we demonstrate the high response of 2D-(PEA)2PbBr4 perovskite of the horizontal vapor sensor was outstandingly more superior than 3D-MAPbBr3 perovskite. 2D transverse perovskite layer have the large surface-to-volume ratio and reactive surface, with the charge transfer mechanism, which was suitable for vapor sensing and trapping. Thus, 2D perovskite vapor sensors demonstrate the champion current response ratio R of 107.32 under the ethanol vapors, which was much faster than 3D perovskite (R = 2.92).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ho Tien
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33306, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Lee
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Tao
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Zhan-Qi Lin
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Hao Lin
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Chien Chen
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
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10
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Li D, Song J, Cheng Y, Wu X, Wang Y, Sun C, Yue C, Lei X. Ultra‐Sensitive, Selective and Repeatable Fluorescence Sensor for Methanol Based on a Highly Emissive 0D Hybrid Lead‐Free Perovskite. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206437. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Yang Li
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineer and Materials Jining University Qufu Shandong 273155 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Hua Song
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineer and Materials Jining University Qufu Shandong 273155 P. R. China
| | - Yu Cheng
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineer and Materials Jining University Qufu Shandong 273155 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Min Wu
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineer and Materials Jining University Qufu Shandong 273155 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Yin Wang
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineer and Materials Jining University Qufu Shandong 273155 P. R. China
| | - Chuan‐Ju Sun
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineer and Materials Jining University Qufu Shandong 273155 P. R. China
| | - Cheng‐Yang Yue
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineer and Materials Jining University Qufu Shandong 273155 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Wu Lei
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineer and Materials Jining University Qufu Shandong 273155 P. R. China
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11
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Li DY, Song JH, Cheng Y, Wu XM, Wang YY, Sun CJ, Yue CY, Lei XW. Ultra‐Sensitive, Selective and Repeatable Fluorescence Sensor for Methanol based on Highly Emissive 0D Hybrid Lead‐free Perovskite. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yang Li
- Qufu Normal University School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Materials Shan Dong Qufu CHINA
| | - Jun-Hua Song
- Jining University School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Materials Shan Dong Qufu CHINA
| | - Yu Cheng
- Jining University School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Materials Shan Dong Qufu CHINA
| | - Xiao-Min Wu
- Jining University School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Materials Shan Dong Qufu CHINA
| | - Yu-Yin Wang
- Jining University School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Materials Shan Dong Qufu CHINA
| | - Chuan-Ju Sun
- Jining University School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Materials Shan Dong Qufu CHINA
| | - Cheng-Yang Yue
- Jining University School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Materials Shan Dong Qufu CHINA
| | - Xiao-Wu Lei
- Jining University School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering Xingtan Road 273155 Qufu CHINA
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12
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Jha A, Shankar H, Kumar S, Sankar M, Kar P. Efficient charge transfer from organometal lead halide perovskite nanocrystals to free base meso-tetraphenylporphyrins. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1779-1785. [PMID: 36132160 PMCID: PMC9419024 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00835h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The efficient charge transfer from methylammonium lead halide, MAPbX3 (X = Br, I), perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) to 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) molecules has been investigated in detail. The hydrophobically-capped MAPbX3 PNCs exhibited bright fluorescence in the solution state. However, in the presence of TPP, the fluorescence intensity was quenched, which is ascribed to the electron transfer from the PNCs to TPP. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and absolute quantum yield measurements were used to evaluate the fluorescence quenching. This efficient fluorescence quenching leads to an increase in the quenching efficiency value. The quenching of fluorescence intensity is not attributed to the change in lifetime, as evidenced by time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) measurements, suggesting a static electron transfer from the PNCs to TPP molecules. Such a static fluorescence quenching corresponds to the adsorption of TPP onto the surface of hydrophobic PNCs, and has been examined via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies were used to compare the PNCs and PNCs@TPP nanocomposites, revealing that the electron transfer process takes place from the PNCs to the organic acceptor TPP molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Haridwar Uttarakhand- 247667 India
| | - Hari Shankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Haridwar Uttarakhand- 247667 India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Haridwar Uttarakhand- 247667 India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Haridwar Uttarakhand- 247667 India
| | - Prasenjit Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Haridwar Uttarakhand- 247667 India
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13
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Jia L, Wu J, Zhang Y, Qu Y, Jia B, Chen Z, Moss DJ. Fabrication Technologies for the On-Chip Integration of 2D Materials. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101435. [PMID: 34994111 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With compact footprint, low energy consumption, high scalability, and mass producibility, chip-scale integrated devices are an indispensable part of modern technological change and development. Recent advances in 2D layered materials with their unique structures and distinctive properties have motivated their on-chip integration, yielding a variety of functional devices with superior performance and new features. To realize integrated devices incorporating 2D materials, it requires a diverse range of device fabrication techniques, which are of fundamental importance to achieve good performance and high reproducibility. This paper reviews the state-of-art fabrication techniques for the on-chip integration of 2D materials. First, an overview of the material properties and on-chip applications of 2D materials is provided. Second, different approaches used for integrating 2D materials on chips are comprehensively reviewed, which are categorized into material synthesis, on-chip transfer, film patterning, and property tuning/modification. Third, the methods for integrating 2D van der Waals heterostructures are also discussed and summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnan Jia
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Jiayang Wu
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yang Qu
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Zhigang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - David J Moss
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
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14
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Cai S, Ju Y, Wang Y, Li X, Guo T, Zhong H, Huang L. Fast-Response Oxygen Optical Fiber Sensor based on PEA 2 SnI 4 Perovskite with Extremely Low Limit of Detection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104708. [PMID: 35038240 PMCID: PMC8922120 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen sensor is an important technique in various applications including industrial process control, medical equipment, biological fabrication, etc. The reported optical fiber-based configurations so far, using gas-sensitive coating do not meet the stringent performance targets, such as fast response time and low limit of detection (LOD). Tin-based halide perovskites are sensitive to oxygen with potential use for sensor applications. Here, the halide perovskite-based oxygen optical fiber sensor by combining phenylethylammonium tin iodide (PEA2 SnI4 ) and tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) is demonstrated. The PEA2 SnI4 -based oxygen optical fiber sensor is reversible at room temperature with a response time of about 10 s, and the experimental LOD approaches to an extremely low oxygen concentration of about 50 ppm. The as-fabricated oxygen sensor shows a relative response change of 0.6 dB for an oxygen concentration increase from 50 ppm to 5% with good gas selection against NO2 , CO, CO2 , H2 . This work extends the sensor applications of halide perovskites, providing a novel technique for rapid and repeatable oxygen gas detection at a low level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunshuo Cai
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced DisplaySchool of Optics and PhotonicsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Yangyang Ju
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low‐dimensional Quantum Structure and DevicesSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Yangming Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low‐dimensional Quantum Structure and DevicesSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Laser Micro/Nano‐Fabrication LaboratorySchool of Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Tuan Guo
- Institute of Photonics TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Haizheng Zhong
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low‐dimensional Quantum Structure and DevicesSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Lingling Huang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced DisplaySchool of Optics and PhotonicsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
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15
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Yadav R, Roy M, Banappanavar G, Aslam M. Growth of Hybrid Perovskite Films via Single‐Source Perovskite Nanoparticle Evaporation. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200087. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Yadav
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Department of Physics INDIA
| | - Mrinmoy Roy
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Department of Physics INDIA
| | | | - M. Aslam
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Physics Department of PhysicsIIT Bombay Mumbai INDIA
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16
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Liang Y, Wu Z, Wei Y, Ding Q, Zilberman M, Tao K, Xie X, Wu J. Self-Healing, Self-Adhesive and Stable Organohydrogel-Based Stretchable Oxygen Sensor with High Performance at Room Temperature. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:52. [PMID: 35092489 PMCID: PMC8800976 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of the 5G era and the rise of the Internet of Things, various sensors have received unprecedented attention, especially wearable and stretchable sensors in the healthcare field. Here, a stretchable, self-healable, self-adhesive, and room-temperature oxygen sensor with excellent repeatability, a full concentration detection range (0-100%), low theoretical limit of detection (5.7 ppm), high sensitivity (0.2%/ppm), good linearity, excellent temperature, and humidity tolerances is fabricated by using polyacrylamide-chitosan (PAM-CS) double network (DN) organohydrogel as a novel transducing material. The PAM-CS DN organohydrogel is transformed from the PAM-CS composite hydrogel using a facile soaking and solvent replacement strategy. Compared with the pristine hydrogel, the DN organohydrogel displays greatly enhanced mechanical strength, moisture retention, freezing resistance, and sensitivity to oxygen. Notably, applying the tensile strain improves both the sensitivity and response speed of the organohydrogel-based oxygen sensor. Furthermore, the response to the same concentration of oxygen before and after self-healing is basically the same. Importantly, we propose an electrochemical reaction mechanism to explain the positive current shift of the oxygen sensor and corroborate this sensing mechanism through rationally designed experiments. The organohydrogel oxygen sensor is used to monitor human respiration in real-time, verifying the feasibility of its practical application. This work provides ideas for fabricating more stretchable, self-healable, self-adhesive, and high-performance gas sensors using ion-conducting organohydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Meital Zilberman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kai Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Facial Recognition Method Based on Thin-Film Solar Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a new facial recognition system using thin-film solar cells as sensors. When the face of a user is illuminated by LED lights on the left and right sides of the system and the reflected light enters the cells at the corresponding positions, differences in facial skin colors and 3D contours lead to different output voltages and currents of the thin-film solar cells. This is the basis of facial feature identification. We found that the accuracy of thin-film-solar-cell-based facial recognition can be improved by precisely controlling changes in LED light intensity. The facial features of six different users were successfully distinguished by this method, thus verifying that thin-film solar cells can be used for green power generation, as well as for facial recognition.
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18
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Wang J, Ren Y, Liu H, Li Z, Liu X, Deng Y, Fang X. Ultrathin 2D NbWO 6 Perovskite Semiconductor Based Gas Sensors with Ultrahigh Selectivity under Low Working Temperature. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104958. [PMID: 34694657 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) detection with high selectivity and low working temperature is of great significance due to its strong toxicity both to the environment and to humans and also as an endogenous signaling molecule existing in various physiological processes. 2D perovskites with high carrier mobility are promising candidates for gas sensing; however, the development of stable and nontoxic 2D perovskites nanosheets still remains a challenge. Herein, 2D all-inorganic NbWO6 perovskite nanosheets with thicknesses down to 1.5 nm are synthesized by liquid exfoliation, and the gas-sensing performance based on these ultrathin nanosheets is investigated. A few-layer NbWO6 -based sensor exhibits fast H2 S sensing speed (<6 s) with high selectivity and sensitivity (S = 12.5 vs 50 ppm) at low temperature (150 °C). A small variation of H2 S concentration (<0.5 ppm) can be detected with a fully reversible resistance signal. This work sheds light on the development of high-performance gas sensors working in ambient conditions based on low-dimensional, nontoxic, and wide-bandgap perovskite semiconductors. The high carrier mobility, ultrathin structure, and soft nature make this type of 2D perovskite semiconductor an ideal material candidate for the fabrication of flexible, transparent, and wearable sensing devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ziliang Li
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xinya Liu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yonghui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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19
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Jeong B, Gkoupidenis P, Asadi K. Solution-Processed Perovskite Field-Effect Transistor Artificial Synapses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104034. [PMID: 34609764 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are distinctive semiconductors that exhibit both ionic and electronic transport and are promising for artificial synapses. However, developing a 3-terminal transistor artificial synapse with the perovskite channel remains elusive due to the lack of a proper technique to regulate mobile ions in a non-volatile manner. Here, a solution-processed perovskite transistor is reported for artificial synapses through the implementation of a ferroelectric gate. The ferroelectric polarization provides a non-volatile electric field on the perovskite, leading to fixation of the mobile ions and hence modulation of the electronic conductance of the channel. Multi-state channel conductance is realized by partial ferroelectric polarization. The ferroelectric-gated perovskite transistor is successfully used as an artificial synapse that emulates basic synaptic functions such as long-term plasticity with excellent linearity, short-term as well as spike-timing-dependent plasticity. The strategy to regulate ion dynamics in the perovskites using the ferroelectric gate suggests a generic route to employ perovskites for synaptic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomjin Jeong
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beongil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kamal Asadi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA3 3YA, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA3 3YA, UK
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20
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Chen X, Yu Y, Yang C, Yin J, Song X, Li J, Fei H. Fabrication of Robust and Porous Lead Chloride-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks toward a Selective and Sensitive Smart NH 3 Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:52765-52774. [PMID: 34702027 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organolead halide materials have shown promising optoelectronic properties that are suitable for light-emitting diodes (e.g., strong photoluminescence, narrow emission width, and high charge carrier mobility). However, the vast majority of them have no open porosity or open metal sites for host-guest interactions and are therefore not widely applicable in intrinsic fluorescent sensing of small molecules. Herein, we report a lead chloride-based metal-organic framework (MOF) with high porosity and stability and promising photoluminescent characteristics, performing as a sensitive, selective, and long-term stable fluorescence probe for NH3. For the first time, a homemade dynamic real-time photoluminescence monitoring system was developed, which showed that our haloplumbate-based MOF has an immediate response and an extremely low limit of detection (12 ppm) toward NH3. A variety of experimental characterization and theoretical calculations evidenced that the photoluminescence quenching was ascribed to the coordination between NH3 guests and exposed Pb2+ centers in MOFs. Moreover, a portable on-site smart NH3 detector was designed based on this haloplumbate-MOF using a 3D printer, and the quantitative recovery experiment demonstrated the effective detection of NH3 in the range of 15-150 ppm. This study opens a new pathway to design organolead halide-based MOFs to perform on-site chemical sensing of small molecules and shows their high potential to monitor safety concentrations of NH3 in different industrial sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Chenxiao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jinlin Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xueling Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Honghan Fei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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21
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Recent progress on the modifications of ultra-small perovskite nanomaterials for sensing applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Chen ZK, Ye W, Lin HZ, Yu C, He JH, Lu JM. Lead-Free Halide Cs 2PtI 6 Perovskite Favoring Pt-N Bonding for Trace NO Detection. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3800-3807. [PMID: 34550676 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the performance research of perovskite materials is not only concentrated in the field of solar cells or optics, but the field of gas sensing has gradually entered the public view. However, the detection of nitric oxide (NO) by lead-free halide perovskites has not yet been reported. Herein, we use Cs2PtI6 to realize the first example of a halide perovskite applied to NO sensing. Due to favoring Pt-N binding, the material has some excellent properties such as a NO detection limit as low as 100 parts-per-billion (ppb), ultrahigh selectivity to NO, and can work at room temperature for more than 2 months. In situ sum frequency generation (SFG) spectra and crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP) analysis reveal that the strong bonding interaction between Pt 5s and N 2s ensure the high adsorption energy, and Pt 5d electron back donation to N 2px, N 2pz antibonding causes the conductive change of the sensors. In addition, its flexible wearable technology shows the application potential of the device and promotes the further development of perovskite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Kun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Functionalized Environmental Adsorption Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wen Ye
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Functionalized Environmental Adsorption Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Zhen Lin
- Department i-LAB, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Functionalized Environmental Adsorption Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Hui He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Functionalized Environmental Adsorption Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Mei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Functionalized Environmental Adsorption Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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23
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Xing W, Yao Q, Zhu W, Jiang H, Zhang X, Ji Y, Shao J, Xiong W, Wang B, Zhang B, Luo X, Zheng Y. Donor-Acceptor Competition via Halide Vacancy Filling for Oxygen Detection of High Sensitivity and Stability by All-Inorganic Perovskite Films. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102733. [PMID: 34477301 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen detection by organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) has demonstrated advantages in operating temperature, response time, and reversibility over traditional materials. However, OIHPs can only sense O2 in light and the unavoidable O2 exposure during detection easily induces the degradation of OIHPs. The trade-off between sensitivity and stability makes the OIHP-based oxygen sensors impractical. By replacing organic groups with Cs, the compact films of all-inorganic halide perovskites (AIHPs) that can adsorb O2 at grain boundaries in dark are developed. AIHPs show conductance increase of 1875.5% from 1 × 10-5 to 700 Torr of O2 pressure, associated with full reversibility and long-term stability. Combining experiments and modeling, this work reveals the donor-acceptor competition via halide vacancy filling leading to the modulation of carrier concentration and mobility. This work offers understandings on oxygen sensing by perovskite materials and paves the way for further optimization of AIHPs as promising oxygen sensors with high sensitivity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xing
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Qianqian Yao
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhu
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - He Jiang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ye Ji
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jian Shao
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Weiming Xiong
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Bangmin Zhang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xin Luo
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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24
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Zhang B, Wang X, Yang Y, Hu B, Tong L, Liu Y, Zhao L, Lu Q. Sensing Mechanism of H 2O, NH 3, and O 2 on the Stability-Improved Cs 2Pb(SCN) 2Br 2 Surface: A Quantum Dynamics Investigation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:24244-24255. [PMID: 34568702 PMCID: PMC8459405 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the perovskite sensing materials have shown high sensitivity and ideal selectivity toward neutral, oxidative, or reductive gases, their structural instability hampers the practical application. To exploit perovskite-based gas-sensing materials with improved stability and decent sensitivity, three adsorption complexes of H2O, NH3, and O2 on the Cs2Pb(SCN)2Br2 surface are built by doping Br- and Cs+ in the parent (CH3NH3)2Pb(SCN)2I2 structure and submitted to quantum dynamics simulations. Changes in the semiconductor material geometric structures during these dynamic processes are analyzed and adsorption ability and charge transfer between Cs2Pb(SCN)2Br2 and the gas molecules are explored so as to further establish a correlation between the geometrical structure variations and the charge transfer. By comparing with the previous CH3NH3PbI3 and (CH3NH3)2Pb(SCN)2I2 adsorption systems, we propose the key factors that enhance the stability of perovskite structures in different atmospheres. The current work is expected to provide clues for developing innovative perovskite sensing materials or for constructing reasonable sensing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, 2 Beinong Road, Huilongguan Town, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- School
of New Energy, North China Electric Power
University, 2 Beinong
Road, Huilongguan Town, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P. R.
China
- State
Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable
Energy Sources, North China Electric Power
University, 2 Beinong
Road, Huilongguan Town, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P. R.
China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- School
of New Energy, North China Electric Power
University, 2 Beinong
Road, Huilongguan Town, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P. R.
China
| | - Yang Yang
- School
of New Energy, North China Electric Power
University, 2 Beinong
Road, Huilongguan Town, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P. R.
China
| | - Bin Hu
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, 2 Beinong Road, Huilongguan Town, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- School
of New Energy, North China Electric Power
University, 2 Beinong
Road, Huilongguan Town, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P. R.
China
- State
Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable
Energy Sources, North China Electric Power
University, 2 Beinong
Road, Huilongguan Town, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P. R.
China
| | - Lei Tong
- School
of New Energy, North China Electric Power
University, 2 Beinong
Road, Huilongguan Town, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P. R.
China
| | - Ying Liu
- School
of New Energy, North China Electric Power
University, 2 Beinong
Road, Huilongguan Town, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P. R.
China
| | - Li Zhao
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, 2 Beinong Road, Huilongguan Town, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- School
of New Energy, North China Electric Power
University, 2 Beinong
Road, Huilongguan Town, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P. R.
China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, 2 Beinong Road, Huilongguan Town, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- School
of New Energy, North China Electric Power
University, 2 Beinong
Road, Huilongguan Town, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P. R.
China
- State
Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable
Energy Sources, North China Electric Power
University, 2 Beinong
Road, Huilongguan Town, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P. R.
China
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25
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Vijjapu MT, Surya SG, He JH, Salama KN. Highly Selective Self-Powered Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Heterojunction of a Halide Perovskite and InGaZnO NO 2 Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:40460-40470. [PMID: 34415137 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-powered sensors can lead to disruptive advances in self-sustainable sensing systems that are imperative for evolving human lifestyles. For the first time, we demonstrate the fabrication of a heterojunction sensor using p-type hybrid-halide perovskites (CH3NH3PbBr3) and an n-type semiconducting metal oxide thin film [InGaZnO (IGZO)] for the detection of NO2 gas and power generation. Combining the excellent photoelectric properties of perovskites and the remarkable gas-sensing properties of IGZO at room temperature, the devised sensors generate open-circuit voltage and modulate according to the ambient NO2 concentration. The major challenge in devising self-powered gas sensors is to attain harvesting capability and selectivity simultaneously, owing to perovskites reactivity in the presence of oxygen and humidity. In this work, we developed a novel approach and fabricated a heterojunction sensor using parylene-c as an additional layer to curb the cross-sensitivity and to enhance the selectivity of the sensor. Even under the low concentrations of NO2, the developed sensor exhibits remarkable sensitivity, selectivity, and repeatability. The devices are sensitive and robust even under extreme humidity conditions (80% RH) and synthetic air. The devised sensor configuration is one way to eliminate the cross-sensitivity issue of the perovskite-based devices and serves as a reference for the development of self-powered sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Teja Vijjapu
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep G Surya
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jr-Hau He
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Khaled N Salama
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Ye W, He JH, Cao Q, Sun WJ, Wang J, Chen ZK, Cheng XF, Yu C, Lu JM. Surfactant-Free, One-Step Synthesis of Lead-Free Perovskite Hollow Nanospheres for Trace CO Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100674. [PMID: 33960036 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their special photoelectric properties, halide perovskites have always attracted research attention. Hollow-structured halide perovskites have many practical applications but are challenging to prepare as most template methods violate their poor chemical and thermal stability. In this study, novel halide perovskite Cs2 PdBr6 hollow nanospheres are prepared using a template-free method; specifically, large quantities of highly pure lead-free halide perovskite Cs2 PdBr6 hollow nanospheres are produced at 30 °C without a surfactant. These ultrapure nanospheres exhibit superiority in chemresistive detection of CO with a detection limit of 50 ppb, which is the lowest among all the reported CO sensing materials. Moreover, in situ sum-frequency-generation spectra and density functional theory calculations reveal that the high sensitivity is attributable to the large specific surface area and surfactant-free surface of rich Br- vacancies that favor CO binding. Overall, this work provides insight on regulation of the halide perovskite structure and the use of hollow spheres in gas-sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ye
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Functionalized Environmental Adsorption Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Hui He
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Functionalized Environmental Adsorption Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Cao
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Functionalized Environmental Adsorption Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wu-Ji Sun
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Functionalized Environmental Adsorption Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Functionalized Environmental Adsorption Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Kun Chen
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Functionalized Environmental Adsorption Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Cheng
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Functionalized Environmental Adsorption Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Yu
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Functionalized Environmental Adsorption Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Mei Lu
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Functionalized Environmental Adsorption Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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Miao Y, Chen Y, Chen H, Wang X, Zhao Y. Using steric hindrance to manipulate and stabilize metal halide perovskites for optoelectronics. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7231-7247. [PMID: 34163817 PMCID: PMC8171330 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01171e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical instability of metal halide perovskite materials can be ascribed to their unique properties of softness, in which the chemical bonding between metal halide octahedral frameworks and cations is the weak ionic and hydrogen bonding as in most perovskite structures. Therefore, various strategies have been developed to stabilize the cations and metal halide frameworks, which include incorporating additives, developing two-dimensional perovskites and perovskite nanocrystals, etc. Recently, the important role of utilizing steric hindrance for stabilizing and passivating perovskites has been demonstrated. In this perspective, we summarize the applications of steric hindrance in manipulating and stabilizing perovskites. We will also discuss how steric hindrance influences the fundamental kinetics of perovskite crystallization and film formation processes. The similarities and differences of the steric hindrance between perovskite solar cells and perovskite light emission diodes are also discussed. In all, utilizing steric hindrance is a promising strategy to manipulate and stabilize metal halide perovskites for optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Miao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yuetian Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Haoran Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xingtao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yixin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092 China
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28
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Zhou S, Wang Q, Xu Z, Xu S, Yang P, Deng H, Li B, Dong Y, Han P, Su Y. Antisolvent solvothermal synthesis of MAPbBr 3 nanocrystals for efficient solar photodecomposition of methyl orange. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 595:98-106. [PMID: 33819694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exploring high performance photocatalysts is of great importance to relieve the environment pollution issues. In this paper, we introduce a facile antisolvent solvothermal method to synthesize methylammonium lead tribromide perovskite (MAPbBr3) nanocrystals and successfully employ them as efficient photocatalysts. Compared to the room temperature synthesized MAPbBr3 (RT-MAPbBr3), the antisolvent solvothermal synthesized MAPbBr3 (AS-MAPbBr3) has multiple outstanding properties, such as improved crystallinity with lower grain boundary density, enhanced light absorption in visible range, suitable band gap of 2.31 eV and extended photoluminescence (PL) lifetime as long as 2627.82 ns. By taking advantages of the above merits, the AS-MAPbBr3 exhibits efficient photocatalytic performance by decomposition of methyl orange under solar light. A high apparent rate constant of 101.2 × 10-3 is achieved along with excellent cyclability, which significantly outperforms the RT-MAPbBr3 (56.0 × 10-3) and P25 (16.5 × 10-3). The underlying mechanism for MO photocatalytic degradation is deeply explored and proposed. Our present study suggests that the antisolvent solvothermal method can be a promising method to synthesize perovskite nanocrystals, and might also provide some insights in developing a series of high performance perovskite based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiying Wang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhendong Xu
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shenke Xu
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyi Yang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Deng
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bobo Li
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifan Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peigang Han
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yaorong Su
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China.
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De Giorgi ML, Milanese S, Klini A, Anni M. Environment-Induced Reversible Modulation of Optical and Electronic Properties of Lead Halide Perovskites and Possible Applications to Sensor Development: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:705. [PMID: 33572957 PMCID: PMC7866427 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites are currently widely investigated as active materials in photonic and optoelectronic devices. While the lack of long term stability actually limits their application to commercial devices, several experiments demonstrated that beyond the irreversible variation of the material properties due to degradation, several possibilities exist to reversibly modulate the perovskite characteristics by acting on the environmental conditions. These results clear the way to possible applications of lead halide perovskites to resistive and optical sensors. In this review we will describe the current state of the art of the comprehension of the environmental effects on the optical and electronic properties of lead halide perovskites, and of the exploitation of these results for the development of perovskite-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa De Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Stefania Milanese
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Argyro Klini
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, Heraklion, 71110 Crete, Greece;
| | - Marco Anni
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.M.); (M.A.)
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30
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Yin W, Li H, Chesman ASR, Tadgell B, Scully AD, Wang M, Huang W, McNeill CR, Wong WWH, Medhekar NV, Mulvaney P, Jasieniak JJ. Detection of Halomethanes Using Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1454-1464. [PMID: 33439631 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of halomethanes (CH3X, X = F, Cl, Br, I) as refrigerants, propellants, and pesticides has drawn serious concern due to their adverse biological and atmospheric impact. However, there are currently no portable rapid and accurate monitoring systems for their detection. This work introduces an approach for the selective and sensitive detection of halomethanes using photoluminescence spectral shifts in cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals. Focusing on iodomethane (CH3I) as a model system, it is shown that cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) nanocrystals can undergo rapid (<5 s) halide exchange, but only after exposure to oleylamine to induce nucleophilic substitution of the CH3I and release the iodide species. The extent of the halide exchange is directly dependent on the CH3I concentration, with the photoluminescence emission of the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals exhibiting a redshift of more than 150 nm upon the addition of 10 ppmv of CH3I. This represents the widest detection range and the highest sensitivity to the detection of halomethanes using a low-cost and portable approach reported to date. Furthermore, inherent selectivity for halomethanes compared to other organohalide analogues is achieved through the dramatic differences in their alkylation reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Yin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hanchen Li
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony S R Chesman
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Tadgell
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Mingchao Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wenchao Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wallace W H Wong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nikhil V Medhekar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Mulvaney
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacek J Jasieniak
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton3800, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Huang Y, Feng Y, Li F, Lin F, Wang Y, Chen X, Xie R. Sensing studies and applications based on metal halide perovskite materials: Current advances and future perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Recently, perovskite-based nanomaterials are utilized in diverse sustainable applications. Their unique structural characteristics allow researchers to explore functionalities towards diverse directions, such as solar cells, light emitting devices, transistors, sensors, etc. Many perovskite nanomaterial-based devices have been demonstrated with extraordinary sensing performance to various chemical and biological species in both solid and solution states. In particular, perovskite nanomaterials are capable of detecting small molecules such as O2, NO2, CO2, etc. This review elaborates the sensing applications of those perovskite materials with diverse cations, dopants and composites. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms and electron transport properties, which are important for understanding those sensor performances, will be discussed. Their synthetic tactics, structural information, modifications and real time sensing applications are provided to promote such perovskite nanomaterials-based molecular designs. Lastly, we summarize the perspectives and provide feasible guidelines for future developing of novel perovskite nanostructure-based chemo- and biosensors with real time demonstration.
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Li R, Yu J, Wang S, Shi Y, Wang Z, Wang K, Ni Z, Yang X, Wei Z, Chen R. Surface modification of all-inorganic halide perovskite nanorods by a microscale hydrophobic zeolite for stable and sensitive laser humidity sensing. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:13360-13367. [PMID: 32458915 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01889a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite materials are very sensitive to the environment which is beneficial for humidity sensing. However, the existing illuminating humidity sensor has low luminous efficiency and sensitivity. Besides, the stability of perovskite materials remains a key issue to be resolved. Compared to luminescence, lasing is much more sensitive to the surrounding environmental situation. However, humidity sensing based on perovskite lasing has not been reported so far. In this work, all-inorganic halide perovskite CsPbBr3 nanorods with an optical gain coefficient as high as 954 cm-1 were designed and fabricated. Moreover, a microscale hydrophobic zeolite was introduced to modify perovskites for improved stability. It is interesting to note that the hydrophobic zeolite introduces strong scattering which is beneficial for three-dimensional random lasing with a quality (Q) factor of 2263. Through the strategy of using lasing instead of luminescence, optical stability and sensitive laser humidity sensing were demonstrated, and it exhibits high sensitivity and good reliability. This work provides a new idea of improved stability of perovskites, which will promote the practical application of perovskite materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxue Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China. and School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, P. R. China and State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, Changchun University of Science and Technology, School of Science, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Jiahao Yu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China.
| | - Yueqing Shi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaojin Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenhua Ni
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, P. R. China
| | - Xuyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China.
| | - Zhipeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, Changchun University of Science and Technology, School of Science, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China.
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Syafutra H, Yun JH, Yoshie Y, Lyu M, Takeda SN, Nakamura M, Wang L, Jung MC. Surface Degradation Mechanism on CH 3NH 3PbBr 3 Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystal by a Grazing E-Beam Irradiation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1253. [PMID: 32605173 PMCID: PMC7408496 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To start a step such as some realization of minimized and integrated devices, it requires simply understanding the surface status of hybrid perovskite on the e-beam irradiation because many commercial semiconductor devices are performed with a surface patterning process using e-beam or etching gas. The surface status of CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) single crystal was studied after a grazing e-beam irradiation in an ultra-high vacuum. The prepared hybrid perovskite single crystal was irradiated by the 3 degree-grazing e-beam with energy of 15 kV for 10 min using a reflection high-electron energy diffraction technique. The e-beam irradiation on the MAPbBr3 hybrid perovskite single crystal induced the deformation from MAPbBr3 into MABr, Br2, and Pb on the surface. The gas phases of MABr and Br2 are depleted from the surface and the Pb element has remained on the surface. As a result of the e-beam irradiation, it formed a polycrystalline-like phase and Pb metal particles on the surface, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heriyanto Syafutra
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.Y.); (S.N.T.); (M.N.)
| | - Jung-Ho Yun
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Yuya Yoshie
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.Y.); (S.N.T.); (M.N.)
| | - Miaoqiang Lyu
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Sakura Nishino Takeda
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.Y.); (S.N.T.); (M.N.)
| | - Masakazu Nakamura
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.Y.); (S.N.T.); (M.N.)
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Min-Cherl Jung
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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Gao W, Leng M, Hu Z, Li J, Li D, Liu H, Gao L, Niu G, Tang J. Reversible luminescent humidity chromism of organic-inorganic hybrid PEA 2MnBr 4 single crystals. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5662-5668. [PMID: 32286602 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00514b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrids have drawn great attention for gas sensors due to their high sensitivity, good selectivity and acceptable stability at room temperature. There are two main approaches by which organic-inorganic hybrids convert gas information to electric or optical signals (vapochromism). Here, we have reported a new organic-inorganic hybrid PEA2MnBr4 for humidity detection by luminescent visible chromism. PEA2MnBr4 single crystals were grown by the solution method and determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Luminescent humidity chromism was found on PEA2MnBr4 from green emission at the water-desorption state to pink emission at the water-adsorption state within 18 s at a relative humidity of 38% RH. This obviously visible chromism was further used to check the water content in toluene with a low detection limit between 0.02 and 0.05 vol%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanru Gao
- Sargent Joint Research Center, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Ono LK, Liu S(F, Qi Y. Verringerung schädlicher Defekte für leistungsstarke Metallhalogenid‐Perowskit‐Solarzellen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis K. Ono
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU)Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) 1919-1 Tancha Onna-son, Kunigami-gun Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEMDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road 116023 Dalian China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Yabing Qi
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU)Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) 1919-1 Tancha Onna-son, Kunigami-gun Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
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37
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Ono LK, Liu S(F, Qi Y. Reducing Detrimental Defects for High-Performance Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6676-6698. [PMID: 31369195 PMCID: PMC7187320 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In several photovoltaic (PV) technologies, the presence of electronic defects within the semiconductor band gap limit the efficiency, reproducibility, as well as lifetime. Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have drawn great attention because of their excellent photovoltaic properties that can be achieved even without a very strict film-growth control processing. Much has been done theoretically in describing the different point defects in MHPs. Herein, we discuss the experimental challenges in thoroughly characterizing the defects in MHPs such as, experimental assignment of the type of defects, defects densities, and the energy positions within the band gap induced by these defects. The second topic of this Review is passivation strategies. Based on a literature survey, the different types of defects that are important to consider and need to be minimized are examined. A complete fundamental understanding of defect nature in MHPs is needed to further improve their optoelectronic functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis K. Ono
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU)Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST)1919-1 TanchaOnna-son, Kunigami-gunOkinawa904-0495Japan
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEMDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan Road116023DalianChina
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Yabing Qi
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU)Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST)1919-1 TanchaOnna-son, Kunigami-gunOkinawa904-0495Japan
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38
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Tong L, Zhang B, Wang XG, Liao YJ, Yang JQ. Quantum Dynamics Simulations on the Adsorption Mechanism of Reducing and Oxidizing Gases on the CH
3
NH
3
PbI
3
Surface. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tong
- School of Renewable Energy North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China
- School of Renewable Energy North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Renewable Energy North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China
| | - Xiaogang G. Wang
- School of Renewable Energy North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China
| | - Yinjie J. Liao
- School of Renewable Energy North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China
| | - Jieqin Q. Yang
- School of Renewable Energy North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China
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39
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George K J, Halali VV, C. G. S, Suvina V, Sakar M, Balakrishna RG. Perovskite nanomaterials as optical and electrochemical sensors. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The perovskite family is comprised of a great number of members because of the possible and flexible substitution of numerous ions in its system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesna George K
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences
- Jain University
- Bangalore 562112
- India
| | - Vishaka V Halali
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences
- Jain University
- Bangalore 562112
- India
| | - Sanjayan C. G.
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences
- Jain University
- Bangalore 562112
- India
| | - V. Suvina
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences
- Jain University
- Bangalore 562112
- India
| | - M. Sakar
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences
- Jain University
- Bangalore 562112
- India
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40
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Nur'aini A, Oh I. Volatile organic compound gas sensors based on methylammonium lead iodide perovskite operating at room temperature. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12982-12987. [PMID: 35492107 PMCID: PMC9051461 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10703g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite thin film has been successfully applied to a volatile organic compound (VOC) gas sensor that can operate at room temperature. In this study, ∼100 nm-thick MAPbI3 film shows good reversibility and repeatability as a VOC gas sensor. The resistance of the MAPbI3 film substantially decreases when it is exposed to VOC vapour and recovers back to high resistance when the VOC gas is removed. Adsorption of VOC gas molecules to vacancies in MAPbI3 film might lead to charge trap passivation. The VOC sensor based on perovskite thin film is tested in terms of film thickness, applied bias voltage, and polarity of VOC. We expect that our VOC gas sensor based on solution-processed MAPbI3 operating at room temperature has potential to be developed as a low cost and low power smart gas sensor. At room temperature, conductivity of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite was increased in the presence of volatile organic compound (VOC) gas, which was interpreted in the context of charge trap passivation mechanism.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anafi Nur'aini
- Department of IT Convergence Engineering
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology
- Gumi
- South Korea 39177
| | - Ilwhan Oh
- Department of IT Convergence Engineering
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology
- Gumi
- South Korea 39177
- Department of Applied Chemistry
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41
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Borri C, Calisi N, Galvanetto E, Falsini N, Biccari F, Vinattieri A, Cucinotta G, Caporali S. First Proof-of-Principle of Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskites Deposition by Magnetron-Sputtering. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 10:nano10010060. [PMID: 31888001 PMCID: PMC7022632 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present work reports the application of RF-magnetron sputtering technique to realize CsPbBr3 70 nm thick films on glass substrate by means of a one-step procedure. The obtained films show highly uniform surface morphology and homogeneous thickness as evidenced by AFM and SEM investigations. XRD measurements demonstrate the presence of two phases: a dominant orthorhombic CsPbBr3 and a subordinate CsPb2Br5. Finally, XPS data reveals surface bromine depletion respect to the stoichiometrical CsPbBr3 composition, nevertheless photoluminescence spectroscopy results confirm the formation of a highly luminescent film. These preliminary results demonstrate that our approach could be of great relevance for easy fabrication of large area perovskite thin films. Future developments, based on this approach, may include the realization of multijunction solar cells and multicolor light emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Borri
- DIEF—Industrial Engineering Department, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (N.C.); (E.G.)
- INSTM—Interuniversity National Consortium for Material Science and Technology, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy; (N.F.); (A.V.)
| | - Nicola Calisi
- DIEF—Industrial Engineering Department, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (N.C.); (E.G.)
- INSTM—Interuniversity National Consortium for Material Science and Technology, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy; (N.F.); (A.V.)
| | - Emanuele Galvanetto
- DIEF—Industrial Engineering Department, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (N.C.); (E.G.)
- INSTM—Interuniversity National Consortium for Material Science and Technology, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy; (N.F.); (A.V.)
| | - Naomi Falsini
- INSTM—Interuniversity National Consortium for Material Science and Technology, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy; (N.F.); (A.V.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy;
| | - Francesco Biccari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy;
- LENS—European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Anna Vinattieri
- INSTM—Interuniversity National Consortium for Material Science and Technology, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy; (N.F.); (A.V.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy;
- LENS—European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- INFN—National Institute for Nuclear Physics, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cucinotta
- Chemistry Department “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy;
| | - Stefano Caporali
- DIEF—Industrial Engineering Department, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (N.C.); (E.G.)
- INSTM—Interuniversity National Consortium for Material Science and Technology, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy; (N.F.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-4573119
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42
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Jiang X, Xia S, Zhang J, Ju D, Liu Y, Hu X, Wang L, Chen Z, Tao X. Exploring Organic Metal Halides with Reversible Temperature-Responsive Dual-Emissive Photoluminescence. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:5228-5232. [PMID: 31709721 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The exceptional structural tunability of organic metal halides endows them with fascinating electronic and photophysical properties, providing much scope for applications. In this work, single crystals of the organic metal halide (C4 H9 NH3 )2 MnI4 are found to show reversible thermo-induced luminescent chromism within a wide temperature range. The (C4 H9 NH3 )2 MnI4 single crystal exhibits two emission peaks at 550 and 672 nm, which are assigned to a d-d transition of Mn2+ -centered tetrahedra and self-trapped excitons, respectively. The temperature-dependent emission color change is attributed to the thermo-induced trapping and detrapping process of the self-trapped exciton. (C4 H9 NH3 )2 MnI4 exhibits a maximum photoluminescence quantum efficiency of up to 68 % at 70 °C. The disclosed interacted photoluminescence decay mechanisms may prove useful for the further design of organic metal halides for optical thermometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, No. 27, Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shengqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, No. 27, Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, No. 27, Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Dianxing Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, No. 27, Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, No. 27, Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, No. 27, Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, No. 27, Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, No. 27, Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xutang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, No. 27, Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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43
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Chen H, Zhang M, Fu X, Fusco Z, Bo R, Xing B, Nguyen HT, Barugkin C, Zheng J, Lau CFJ, Huang S, Ho-Baillie AWY, Catchpole KR, Tricoli A. Light-activated inorganic CsPbBr 2I perovskite for room-temperature self-powered chemical sensing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24187-24193. [PMID: 31658307 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03059j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Halide perovskite materials are excellent light harvesters that have generated enormous interest for photovoltaic technology and an increasing number of other optoelectronic applications. Very recently, their use for miniaturized chemical sensors has shown a promising room-temperature response. Here, we present some insights on the use of CsPbBr2I (CPBI) perovskites for self-powered room-temperature sensing of several environmentally and medically relevant compounds demonstrating rapid detection of down to concentrations of 1 ppm. Notably, the photocurrent of these self-powered CPBI-based devices increases under exposure to both reducing (e.g. acetone, propane) and oxidizing (e.g. NO2, O2) gas molecules and decreases rapidly upon reverting to an inert atmosphere. In situ photoluminescence (PL) analysis of the CPBI during exposure to oxidizing molecules reveals a strongly increased PL intensity and longer lifetime indicating a prevalent role of CPBI trap states in the sensing mechanism. These findings provide new insights for the engineering of perovskite-based materials for their future chemical sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Chen
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia.
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44
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Casanova-Cháfer J, García-Aboal R, Atienzar P, Llobet E. Gas Sensing Properties of Perovskite Decorated Graphene at Room Temperature. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E4563. [PMID: 31635202 PMCID: PMC6832145 DOI: 10.3390/s19204563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores the gas sensing properties of graphene nanolayers decorated with lead halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbBr3) nanocrystals to detect toxic gases such as ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). A chemical-sensitive semiconductor film based on graphene has been achieved, being decorated with CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite (MAPbBr3) nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized, and characterized by several techniques, such as field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Reversible responses were obtained towards NO2 and NH3 at room temperature, demonstrating an enhanced sensitivity when the graphene is decorated by MAPbBr3 NCs. Furthermore, the effect of ambient moisture was extensively studied, showing that the use of perovskite NCs in gas sensors can become a promising alternative to other gas sensitive materials, due to the protective character of graphene, resulting from its high hydrophobicity. Besides, a gas sensing mechanism is proposed to understand the effects of MAPbBr3 sensing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocío García-Aboal
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, CSIC-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Pedro Atienzar
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, CSIC-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Eduard Llobet
- MINOS-EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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45
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Zhang B, Zhou S, Tong L, Liao Y, Yi J, Qi Y, Yao J. Large scale quantum dynamics investigations on the sensing mechanism of H 2O, acetone, NO 2 and O 3 adsorption on the (MA) 2Pb(SCN) 2I 2 surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21223-21235. [PMID: 31339117 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02703c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The instability of organometal halide perovskites still remains a key obstacle restricting their practical application in gas sensing research. The first step in gas sensing using a semiconductor material is the recognition of a target gas through gas-solid interaction. In the current work, the adsorption mechanisms of MAPbI3-H2O, (MA)2Pb(SCN)2I2-H2O, (MA)2Pb(SCN)2I2-CH3COCH3, (MA)2Pb(SCN)2I2-NO2 and (MA)2Pb(SCN)2I2-O3 have been investigated by large-scale quantum dynamics simulations. The structural changes of the perovskite skeleton, the adsorption energy, and the charge transfer between the semiconductor material and the gas molecules have been analysed. The suitability and effectiveness of quantum dynamics simulations in adsorption mechanism research are firstly validated by comparing the humidity sensing mechanisms of MAPbI3 and (MA)2Pb(SCN)2I2. Different sensing mechanisms of (MA)2Pb(SCN)2I2 to gases with different oxidising properties have been proposed. These sensing mechanisms hopefully lay a foundation for the development of novel perovskite gas sensing materials with enhanced stability, high sensitivity, and high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Security and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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46
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Haque MA, Syed A, Akhtar FH, Shevate R, Singh S, Peinemann KV, Baran D, Wu T. Giant Humidity Effect on Hybrid Halide Perovskite Microstripes: Reversibility and Sensing Mechanism. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29821-29829. [PMID: 31343861 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite the exceptional performance of hybrid perovskites in photovoltaics, their susceptibility to ambient factors, particularly humidity, gives rise to the well-recognized stability issue. In the present work, microstripes of CH3NH3PbI3 are fabricated on flexible substrates, and they exhibit much larger response to relative humidity (RH) levels than continuous films and single crystals. The resistance of microstripes decreases by four orders of magnitude on changing the RH level from 10 to 95%. Fast response and recovery time of 100 and 500 ms, respectively, are recorded. Because bulk diffusion and defect trapping are much slower processes, our result indicates a surface-dictated mechanism related to hydrate formation and electron donation. In addition, water uptake behavior of perovskites is studied for the first time, which correlates well with the resistance decrease of the CH3NH3PbI3 microstripes. Furthermore, we report that the photoresponse decreases with increasing humidity, and at the 85% RH level, the perovskite device is not photoresponsive anymore. Our work underscores patterned structures as a new platform to investigate the interaction of hybrid perovskites with ambient factors and reveals the importance of the humidity effect on optoelectronic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Simrjit Singh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | | | | | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
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47
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Brintakis K, Gagaoudakis E, Kostopoulou A, Faka V, Argyrou A, Binas V, Kiriakidis G, Stratakis E. Ligand-free all-inorganic metal halide nanocubes for fast, ultra-sensitive and self-powered ozone sensors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:2699-2706. [PMID: 36132711 PMCID: PMC9419230 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00219g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-free all-inorganic lead halide nanocubes have been investigated as ozone sensing materials operating at room temperature. It is found that the nanocubes, crystallined in the orthorhombic CsPbBr3 structure, can operate at room temperature, be self-powered and exhibit high sensitivity and remarkable repeatability. More importantly, they demonstrate higher sensitivity (54% in 187 ppb) and faster response and recovery times compared to hybrid lead mixed halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3-x Cl x ) layers, which is the only lead halide perovskite material tested for ozone sensing, to date. Following the exposure to an ozone environment, the stoichiometry and the morphology of the nanocubes remain unaltered. The facile and easy fabrication process together with the high responsivity and stability to the ozone environment makes the bare CsPbBr3 nanocubes a promising material for sensing applications. The sensing properties of the nanoparticulate metal halides presented here provide new exciting opportunities towards engineering reliable and cheap sensing elements for room-temperature operated and self-powered sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brintakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) Hellas P.O. Box 1385 Heraklion 70013 Crete Greece
| | - E Gagaoudakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) Hellas P.O. Box 1385 Heraklion 70013 Crete Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Physics 710 03 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - A Kostopoulou
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) Hellas P.O. Box 1385 Heraklion 70013 Crete Greece
| | - V Faka
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) Hellas P.O. Box 1385 Heraklion 70013 Crete Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Physics 710 03 Heraklion Crete Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Materials Science and Technology 710 03 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - A Argyrou
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) Hellas P.O. Box 1385 Heraklion 70013 Crete Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Materials Science and Technology 710 03 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - V Binas
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) Hellas P.O. Box 1385 Heraklion 70013 Crete Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Physics 710 03 Heraklion Crete Greece
- Crete Center for Quantum Complexity and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, University of Crete 71003 Heraklion Greece
| | - G Kiriakidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) Hellas P.O. Box 1385 Heraklion 70013 Crete Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Physics 710 03 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - E Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) Hellas P.O. Box 1385 Heraklion 70013 Crete Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Physics 710 03 Heraklion Crete Greece
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48
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Ahmadi M, Muckley ES, Ivanov IN, Lorenz M, Li X, Ovchinnikova O, Lukosi ED, Tisdale JT, Blount E, Kravchenko II, Kalinin SV, Hu B, Collins L. Environmental Gating and Galvanic Effects in Single Crystals of Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14722-14733. [PMID: 30938147 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of environmental gaseous on the surface of organometal halide perovskites (OMHPs) couples to the electronic and ionic transport is critically important. Here, we explore the transport behavior and origins of the gas sensitivity in MAPbBr3 single crystals (SCs) devices using impedance spectroscopy and current relaxation measurements. Strong resistive response occurs when crystals are exposed to different environments. It was shown that SC response to the environment is extremely different at the surface as compared to the bulk due to the disorder surface chemistry. The nonlinear transport properties studied using ultrafast Kelvin probe force microscopy (G-KPFM) to unravel spatio-temporal charge dynamics at SC/electrode interface. The relaxation processes observed in pulse relaxation and G-KPFM measurements along with gas sensitivity of crystals suggest the presence of a triple-phase boundary between environment, electrode, and crystal. Results indicate that the environment is a nontrivial component in the operation of OMHP devices which is reminiscent of fuel cell systems. Furthermore, the triple-phase boundary can play a significant role in the transport properties of OMHPs due to the possibility of the redox processes coupled to the concentration of bulk ionic species. Although instrumental for understanding the device characteristics of perovskites, our studies suggest a new opportunity of coupling the redox chemistry of the Br2-Br- pair that defines the bulk ionic conductivity of MAPbBr3 with the redox chemistry of gaseous (or liquid) environment via a suitable electrocatalytic system to enable new class of energy storage devices and gas sensors.
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49
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Feng X, Chen R, Nan Z, Lv X, Meng R, Cao J, Tang Y. Perfection of Perovskite Grain Boundary Passivation by Eu-Porphyrin Complex for Overall-Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1802040. [PMID: 30886810 PMCID: PMC6402397 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201802040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The formation of defects at surfaces and grain boundaries (GBs) during the fabrication of solution-processed perovskite film are thought to be responsible for its instability. Herein, Eu-porphyrin complex (Eu-pyP) is directly doped into methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) precursor, perfectly fabricating 2D (Eu-pyP)0.5MA n -1Pb n I3 n +1 platelets inlaying the GBs of 3D polycrystalline interstices in this protocol. The device based on Eu-pyP doped perovskite film possesses a champion efficiency of 18.2%. More importantly, the doped perovskite solar cells device shows beyond 85% retention of its pristine efficiency value, whereas the pure MAPbI3 device has a rapid drop in efficiency down to 10% within 100 h under 45% humidity at 85 °C in AM 1.5 G. The above acquired perovskite films reveal an unpredictable thermodynamic self-healing ability. Consequently, the findings provide an avenue for defect passivation to synchronously improve resistibility to moisture, heat, and solar light including UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic ChemistryKey Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000P. R. China
| | - Ruihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsNational and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringPen‐Tung Sah Institute of Micro‐Nano Science and TechnologyXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Zi‐Ang Nan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsNational and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringPen‐Tung Sah Institute of Micro‐Nano Science and TechnologyXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Xudong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic ChemistryKey Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000P. R. China
| | - Ruiqian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic ChemistryKey Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000P. R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic ChemistryKey Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000P. R. China
| | - Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic ChemistryKey Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000P. R. China
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50
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Kong W, Li W, Liu C, Liu H, Miao J, Wang W, Chen S, Hu M, Li D, Amini A, Yang S, Wang J, Xu B, Cheng C. Organic Monomolecular Layers Enable Energy-Level Matching for Efficient Hole Transporting Layer Free Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1625-1634. [PMID: 30673271 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High-efficiency hole transport layer free perovskite solar cells (HTL-free PSCs) with economical and simplified device structure can greatly facilitate the commercialization of PSCs. However, eliminating the key HTL in PSCs results usually in a severe efficiency loss and poor carrier transfer due to the energy-level mismatching at the indium tin oxide (ITO)/perovskite interface. In this study, we solve this issue by introducing an organic monomolecular layer (ML) to raise the effective work function of ITO with the assistance of an interface dipole created by Sn-N bonds. The energy-level alignment at the ITO/perovskite interface is optimized with a barrier-free contact, which favors efficient charge transfer and suppressed nonradiative carrier recombination. The HTL-free PSCs based on the ML-modified ITO yield an efficiency of 19.4%, much higher than those of HTL-free PSCs on bare ITO (10.26%), comparable to state-of-the-art PSCs with a HTL. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of interfacial energy-level alignment and facilitates the design of advanced interfacial materials for simplified and efficient PSC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong Province 518055 , China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information Materials, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photoelectric Devices, College of Physics Science and Technology , Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , China
- Department of Physics , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei Province 430072 , China
| | - Wang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong Province 518055 , China
| | - Changwen Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong Province 518055 , China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong Province 518055 , China
| | - Jun Miao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong Province 518055 , China
| | - Weijun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong Province 518055 , China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong Province 518055 , China
| | - Manman Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong Province 518055 , China
| | - Dedi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong Province 518055 , China
| | - Abbas Amini
- Center for Infrastructure Engineering , Western Sydney University , Kingswood , NSW 2751 , Australia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Australian College of Kuwait , Mishref , Kuwait
| | - Shaopeng Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information Materials, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photoelectric Devices, College of Physics Science and Technology , Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Physics , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei Province 430072 , China
| | - Baomin Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong Province 518055 , China
| | - Chun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong Province 518055 , China
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