1
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Huo X, Xie Y, Wang X, Zhang L, Yang M. Reduction reactions at the interface between CdS quantum dot and Z-type ligands driven by electron injection in the electroluminescent processes. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:024304. [PMID: 38984958 DOI: 10.1063/5.0196243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficient and stable electroluminescence of quantum dots (QDs) is of great importance in their applications in new display technologies. The short service life of blue QDs, however, hinders their development and commercialization. Different mechanisms have been proposed for the destabilization of QDs in electroluminescent processes. Based on real-time time-dependent density functional theory studies on the QD models covered by Z-type ligands (XAc2, X = Cd, Zn, Mg), the structural evolution is simulated to reveal the mechanism of the reduction reactions induced by electron injection. Our simulations reproduce the experimental observations that the reduction reactions occur at the QD-ligand interface, and the reduced Cd atom is almost in a zero valence state. However, different sites are predicted for the reactions in which the surface metal atom of the QD instead of the metal atom in the ligands is reduced. As a result, one of the arms of the chelate ligand leaves the QD, which tends to cause damage to its electroluminescent performance. Our findings contribute to a mechanistic understanding of the reduction reactions that occurred at the QD-ligand interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Huo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yujuan Xie
- School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mingli Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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2
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Roy A, Dhibar S, Karmakar K, Bhattacharjee S, Saha B, Ray SJ. Development of a novel self-healing Zn(II)-metallohydrogel with wide bandgap semiconducting properties for non-volatile memory device application. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13109. [PMID: 38849385 PMCID: PMC11161586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A rapid and effective strategy has been devised for the swift development of a Zn(II)-ion-based supramolecular metallohydrogel, termed Zn@PEH, using pentaethylenehexamine as a low molecular weight gelator. This process occurs in an aqueous medium at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The mechanical strength of the synthesized Zn@PEH metallohydrogel has been assessed through rheological analysis, considering angular frequency and oscillator stress dependencies. Notably, the Zn@PEH metallohydrogel exhibits exceptional self-healing abilities and can bear substantial loads, which have been characterized through thixotropic analysis. Additionally, this metallohydrogel displays injectable properties. The structural arrangement resembling pebbles within the hierarchical network of the supramolecular Zn@PEH metallohydrogel has been explored using FESEM and TEM measurements. EDX elemental mapping has confirmed the primary chemical constituents of the metallohydrogel. The formation mechanism of the metallohydrogel has been analyzed via FT-IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, zinc(II) metallohydrogel (Zn@PEH)-based Schottky diode structure has been fabricated in a lateral metal-semiconductor-metal configuration and it's charge transport behavior has also been studied. Notably, the zinc(II) metallohydrogel-based resistive random access memory (RRAM) device (Zn@PEH) demonstrates bipolar resistive switching behavior at room temperature. This RRAM device showcases remarkable switching endurance over 1000 consecutive cycles and a high ON/OFF ratio of approximately 270. Further, 2 × 2 crossbar array of the RRAM devices were designed to demonstrate OR and NOT logic circuit operations, which can be extended for performing higher order computing operations. These structures hold promise for applications in non-volatile memory design, neuromorphic and in-memory computing, flexible electronics, and optoelectronic devices due to their straightforward fabrication process, robust resistive switching behavior, and overall system stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, 801103, India
| | - Subhendu Dhibar
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India.
| | - Kripasindhu Karmakar
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Subham Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, 713303, India
| | - Bidyut Saha
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India.
| | - Soumya Jyoti Ray
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, 801103, India.
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Fan J, Han C, Yang G, Song B, Xu R, Xiang C, Zhang T, Qian L. Recent Progress of Quantum Dots Light-Emitting Diodes: Materials, Device Structures, and Display Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312948. [PMID: 38813832 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs), as a class of 0D semiconductor materials, have generated widespread interest due to their adjustable band gap, exceptional color purity, near-unity quantum yield, and solution-processability. With decades of dedicated research, the potential applications of quantum dots have garnered significant recognition in both the academic and industrial communities. Furthermore, the related quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) stand out as one of the most promising contenders for the next-generation display technologies. Although QD-based color conversion films are applied to improve the color gamut of existing display technologies, the broader application of QLED devices remains in its nascent stages, facing many challenges on the path to commercialization. This review encapsulates the historical discovery and subsequent research advancements in QD materials and their synthesis methods. Additionally, the working mechanisms and architectural design of QLED prototype devices are discussed. Furthermore, the review surveys the latest advancements of QLED devices within the display industry. The narrative concludes with an examination of the challenges and perspectives of QLED technology in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Fan
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo, 315000, P. R. China
| | - Changfeng Han
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo, 315000, P. R. China
| | - Guojian Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo, 315000, P. R. China
| | - Bin Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Rui Xu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyu Xiang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo, 315000, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo, 315000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Qian
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo, 315000, P. R. China
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Lee HC, Park JH, In SI, Yang J. Recent advances in photoelectrochemical hydrogen production using I-III-VI quantum dots. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38683106 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01040j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, recognized for its potential in producing solar hydrogen through clean and sustainable methods, has gained considerable interest, particularly with the utilization of semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs). This minireview focuses on recent advances in PEC hydrogen production using I-III-VI semiconductor QDs. The outstanding optical and electrical properties of I-III-VI QDs, which can be readily tuned by modifying their size, composition, and shape, along with an inherent non-toxic nature, make them highly promising for PEC applications. The performance of PEC devices using these QDs can be enhanced by various strategies, including ligand modification, defect engineering, doping, alloying, and core/shell heterostructure engineering. These approaches have notably improved the photocurrent densities for hydrogen production, achieving levels comparable to those of conventional heavy-metal-based counterparts. Finally, this review concludes by addressing the present challenges and future prospects of these QDs, underlining crucial steps for their practical applications in solar hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Cheol Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hye Park
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su-Il In
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Energy Science and Engineering Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Yang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Energy Science and Engineering Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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Xue C, He N, Zhao X, Ni Y, Wang B, Tong Y, Tang Q, Liu Y. Submicron-Thickness Ultraflexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes via a Photoregulated Stripping Strategy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:14015-14025. [PMID: 38446708 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid advances in imperceptible and epidermal electronics, the research on ultraflexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has become increasingly significant, owing to their excellent flexibility and conformability to the human body. It is highly desirable to develop submicrometer-thick ultraflexible OLEDs to enable the devices to seamlessly conform to the surface of arbitrary-shaped objects and still function properly. However, it remains a huge challenge for currently reported OLEDs due to the lack of an appropriate stripping strategy. Here, for the first time, we develop a facile photoregulated stripping strategy for the fabrication of high-performance ultraflexible OLEDs with submicron thickness. Under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, the surface adhesion force of the ultrathin photopolymer membrane can be adjusted from 16.9 to 5.1 N/m, thereby effectively controlling the laminating and detaching process. Based on this strategy, the resultant device thickness is as low as 0.821 μm, which is the lowest record among flexible OLEDs reported to date. More remarkably, excellent electrical properties with a maximum current efficiency (CE) of 62.5 cd/A, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.8%, and a low turn-on voltage of 2.5 V are realized, which are superior to almost all of the reported ultraflexible OLEDs with thicknesses below 10 μm. Based on versatile ultraflexible OLEDs, all-organic and skin-mounted displays are successfully realized by employing a conformable organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) as the driver. This work offers a feasible strategy for advancing OLEDs from flexible to ultraflexible, showing significant application potential in future epidermal electronics and conformal displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Xue
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ning He
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanping Ni
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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Chang S, Koo JH, Yoo J, Kim MS, Choi MK, Kim DH, Song YM. Flexible and Stretchable Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodetectors for Human-Centric Optoelectronics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:768-859. [PMID: 38241488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices with unconventional form factors, such as flexible and stretchable light-emitting or photoresponsive devices, are core elements for the next-generation human-centric optoelectronics. For instance, these deformable devices can be utilized as closely fitted wearable sensors to acquire precise biosignals that are subsequently uploaded to the cloud for immediate examination and diagnosis, and also can be used for vision systems for human-interactive robotics. Their inception was propelled by breakthroughs in novel optoelectronic material technologies and device blueprinting methodologies, endowing flexibility and mechanical resilience to conventional rigid optoelectronic devices. This paper reviews the advancements in such soft optoelectronic device technologies, honing in on various materials, manufacturing techniques, and device design strategies. We will first highlight the general approaches for flexible and stretchable device fabrication, including the appropriate material selection for the substrate, electrodes, and insulation layers. We will then focus on the materials for flexible and stretchable light-emitting diodes, their device integration strategies, and representative application examples. Next, we will move on to the materials for flexible and stretchable photodetectors, highlighting the state-of-the-art materials and device fabrication methods, followed by their representative application examples. At the end, a brief summary will be given, and the potential challenges for further development of functional devices will be discussed as a conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehui Chang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Semiconductor and System IC, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Graduate School, GIST, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Park H, Kim DC. Structural and Material-Based Approaches for the Fabrication of Stretchable Light-Emitting Diodes. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:66. [PMID: 38258185 PMCID: PMC10821428 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable displays, capable of freely transforming their shapes, have received significant attention as alternatives to conventional rigid displays, and they are anticipated to provide new opportunities in various human-friendly electronics applications. As a core component of stretchable displays, high-performance stretchable light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have recently emerged. The approaches to fabricate stretchable LEDs are broadly categorized into two groups, namely "structural" and "material-based" approaches, based on the mechanisms to tolerate strain. While structural approaches rely on specially designed geometries to dissipate applied strain, material-based approaches mainly focus on replacing conventional rigid components of LEDs to soft and stretchable materials. Here, we review the latest studies on the fabrication of stretchable LEDs, which is accomplished through these distinctive strategies. First, we introduce representative device designs for efficient strain distribution, encompassing island-bridge structures, wavy buckling, and kirigami-/origami-based structures. For the material-based approaches, we discuss the latest studies for intrinsically stretchable (is-) electronic/optoelectronic materials, including the formation of conductive nanocomposite and polymeric blending with various additives. The review also provides examples of is-LEDs, focusing on their luminous performance and stretchability. We conclude this review with a brief outlook on future technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamin Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20, Gwangun-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
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Kim S, Bae Y, Park SH, Chen N, Eom S, Kang S, Park J. Compact and modular bioprobe: Integrating SpyCatcher/SpyTag recombinant proteins with zwitterionic polymer-coated quantum dots. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:184-194. [PMID: 37595436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of quantum dot (QD)-based modular bioprobe that has a compact size and enable a facile conjugation of various biofunctional groups is in high demand. To address this, we surface engineered QDs with zwitterion polymer ligands to have an inherent compact size and derivatized them sequentially with the recombinant proteins SpyCatcher/SpyTag (SC/ST) to use their protein ligation system. SC/ST spontaneously form one complex through the isopeptide bond between them. SC-conjugated QDs (QD-SC) were used as base building blocks. Then, ST-biomolecules were added for modular biofunctionalization. We synthesized compact sized (∼15 nm) QD-SC-ST-affibody (antibody-mimicking small protein for tumor detection) conjugates, which showed successful cell-receptor targeting. The target cell-receptor could be easily tuned by changing the type of ST-affibody. We also demonstrated that anti-human-chorionic-gonadotropin mouse IgG1 antibodies can be labeled on the QD surface by mixing QD-SC with the ST-MG1Nb (mouse-IgG1-specific protein). The immunoassay performance of the antibody-labeled QDs was evaluated using a pregnancy test kit, displaying equivalent detection sensitivity to a commercially available kit. This study proposed an innovative strategy for QD biofunctionalization in a modular manner, which can be expanded to a diverse range of colloidal particle derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonji Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Han Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ning Chen
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Eom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sebyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongnam Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Lee GH, Kim K, Kim Y, Yang J, Choi MK. Recent Advances in Patterning Strategies for Full-Color Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:45. [PMID: 38060071 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have emerged as promising light-emitting materials for next-generation displays owing to their remarkable material characteristics including broad color tunability, pure color emission with remarkably narrow bandwidths, high quantum yield, and solution processability. Despite recent advances have pushed the luminance efficiency of monochromic perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) to their theoretical limits, their current fabrication using the spin-coating process poses limitations for fabrication of full-color displays. To integrate PeLEDs into full-color display panels, it is crucial to pattern red-green-blue (RGB) perovskite pixels, while mitigating issues such as cross-contamination and reductions in luminous efficiency. Herein, we present state-of-the-art patterning technologies for the development of full-color PeLEDs. First, we highlight recent advances in the development of efficient PeLEDs. Second, we discuss various patterning techniques of MPHs (i.e., photolithography, inkjet printing, electron beam lithography and laser-assisted lithography, electrohydrodynamic jet printing, thermal evaporation, and transfer printing) for fabrication of RGB pixelated displays. These patterning techniques can be classified into two distinct approaches: in situ crystallization patterning using perovskite precursors and patterning of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals. This review highlights advancements and limitations in patterning techniques for PeLEDs, paving the way for integrating PeLEDs into full-color panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang Heon Lee
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwook Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Kim
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Yang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Energy Science and Engineering Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Yang JY, Kumar A, Shaikh MO, Huang SH, Chou YN, Yang CC, Hsu CK, Kuo LC, Chuang CH. Biocompatible, Antibacterial, and Stable Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Ionic Gel Multimodal Sensors for Healthcare Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55244-55257. [PMID: 37991845 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated a novel approach to fabricate multifunctional ionic gel sensors by using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as replacements for water. When two distinct DESs were combined, customizable mechanical and conductive properties were created, resulting in improved performance compared with traditional hydrogel-based strain sensors. DES ionic gels possess superior mechanical properties, transparency, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties, making them suitable for a wide range of applications such as flexible electronics, soft robotics, and healthcare. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the DES ionic gels, evaluating their performance under extreme temperature conditions (-70 to 80 °C), impressive optical transparency (94%), and biocompatibility. Furthermore, a series of tests were conducted to evaluate the antibacterial performance (Escherichia coli) of the DES ionic gels. Their wide strain (1-400%) and temperature (15-50 °C)-sensing ranges demonstrate the versatility and adaptability of DES ionic gels for diverse sensing requirements. The resulting DES ionic gels were successfully applied in human activity and vital sign monitoring, demonstrating their potential for biointegrated sensing devices and healthcare applications. This study offers valuable insights into the development and optimization of hydrogel sensors, particularly for applications that require environmental stability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial performance, thereby paving the way for future advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Yang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Amit Kumar
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Omar Shaikh
- Sustainability Science and Management Program, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hung Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Nien Chou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chieh Kuo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Chuang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- The Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (CEMAFLD), National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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11
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Baek GW, Seo SG, Hahm D, Kim YJ, Kim K, Lee T, Kim J, Bae WK, Jin SH, Kwak J. Optimum Design Configuration of Thin-Film Transistors and Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes for Active-Matrix Displays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304717. [PMID: 37516451 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Active matrix (AM) quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) driven by thin-film transistors (TFTs) have attracted significant attention for use in next-generation displays. Several challenges remain for the realisation of AM-QLEDs, such as device design, fabrication process, and integration between QLEDs and TFTs, depending on their device structures and configurations. Herein, efficient and stable AM-QLEDs are demonstrated using conventional and inverted structured QLEDs (C- and I-QLEDs, respectively) combined with facile type-convertible (p- and n-type) single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-based TFTs. Based on the four possible configurations of the QLED-TFT subpixel, the performance of the SWNT TFT-driven QLEDs and the fabrication process to determine the ideal configuration are compared, taking advantage of each structure for AM-QLEDs. The QLEDs and TFTs are also optimized to maximise the performance of the AM-QLEDs-the inner shell composition of quantum dots and carrier type of TFTs-resulting in a maximum external quantum efficiency and operational lifetime (at an initial luminance of 100 cd m2 ) of 21.2% and 38 100 000 h for the C-QLED, and 19.1% and 133100000 h for the I-QLED, respectively. Finally, a 5×5 AM-QLED display array controlled using SWNT TFTs is successfully demonstrated. This study is expected to contribute to the development of advanced AM-QLED displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Woo Baek
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center and Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gi Seo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyo Hahm
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center and Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center and Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center and Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoul Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center and Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hun Jin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kwak
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center and Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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12
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Park SY, Lee S, Yang J, Kang MS. Patterning Quantum Dots via Photolithography: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300546. [PMID: 36892995 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pixelating patterns of red, green, and blue quantum dots (QDs) is a critical challenge for realizing high-end displays with bright and vivid images for virtual, augmented, and mixed reality. Since QDs must be processed from a solution, their patterning process is completely different from the conventional techniques used in the organic light-emitting diode and liquid crystal display industries. Although innovative QD patterning technologies are being developed, photopatterning based on the light-induced chemical conversion of QD films is considered one of the most promising methods for forming micrometer-scale QD patterns that satisfy the precision and fidelity required for commercialization. Moreover, the practical impact will be significant as it directly exploits mature photolithography technologies and facilities that are widely available in the semiconductor industry. This article reviews recent progress in the effort to form QD patterns via photolithography. The review begins with a general description of the photolithography process. Subsequently, different types of photolithographical methods applicable to QD patterning are introduced, followed by recent achievements using these methods in forming high-resolution QD patterns. The paper also discusses prospects for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Young Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Seongjae Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeehye Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
- Institute of Emergent Materials, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
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13
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Dalui A, Ariga K, Acharya S. Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals: from bottom-up nanoarchitectonics to energy harvesting applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10835-10865. [PMID: 37608724 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02605a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) have been extensively investigated owing to their unique properties induced by the quantum confinement effect. The advent of colloidal synthesis routes led to the design of stable colloidal NCs with uniform size, shape, and composition. Metal oxides, phosphides, and chalcogenides (ZnE, CdE, PbE, where E = S, Se, or Te) are few of the most important monocomponent semiconductor NCs, which show excellent optoelectronic properties. The ability to build quantum confined heterostructures comprising two or more semiconductor NCs offer greater customization and tunability of properties compared to their monocomponent counterparts. More recently, the halide perovskite NCs showed exceptional optoelectronic properties for energy generation and harvesting applications. Numerous applications including photovoltaic, photodetectors, light emitting devices, catalysis, photochemical devices, and solar driven fuel cells have demonstrated using these NCs in the recent past. Overall, semiconductor NCs prepared via the colloidal synthesis route offer immense potential to become an alternative to the presently available device applications. This feature article will explore the progress of NCs syntheses with outstanding potential to control the shape and spatial dimensionality required for photovoltaic, light emitting diode, and photocatalytic applications. We also attempt to address the challenges associated with achieving high efficiency devices with the NCs and possible solutions including interface engineering, packing control, encapsulation chemistry, and device architecture engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Dalui
- Department of Chemistry, Jogamaya Devi College, Kolkata-700026, India
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- International Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Somobrata Acharya
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata-700032, India.
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14
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Won D, Bang J, Choi SH, Pyun KR, Jeong S, Lee Y, Ko SH. Transparent Electronics for Wearable Electronics Application. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9982-10078. [PMID: 37542724 PMCID: PMC10452793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in wearable electronics offer seamless integration with the human body for extracting various biophysical and biochemical information for real-time health monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and augmented reality. Enormous efforts have been dedicated to imparting stretchability/flexibility and softness to electronic devices through materials science and structural modifications that enable stable and comfortable integration of these devices with the curvilinear and soft human body. However, the optical properties of these devices are still in the early stages of consideration. By incorporating transparency, visual information from interfacing biological systems can be preserved and utilized for comprehensive clinical diagnosis with image analysis techniques. Additionally, transparency provides optical imperceptibility, alleviating reluctance to wear the device on exposed skin. This review discusses the recent advancement of transparent wearable electronics in a comprehensive way that includes materials, processing, devices, and applications. Materials for transparent wearable electronics are discussed regarding their characteristics, synthesis, and engineering strategies for property enhancements. We also examine bridging techniques for stable integration with the soft human body. Building blocks for wearable electronic systems, including sensors, energy devices, actuators, and displays, are discussed with their mechanisms and performances. Lastly, we summarize the potential applications and conclude with the remaining challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeyeon Won
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junhyuk Bang
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seok Hwan Choi
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung Rok Pyun
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seongmin Jeong
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute
of Engineering Research/Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design
(SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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15
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Luo C, Zheng Z, Ding Y, Ren Z, Shi H, Ji H, Zhou X, Chen Y. High-Resolution, Highly Transparent, and Efficient Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303329. [PMID: 37335765 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at next-generation displays, high-resolution quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) with high efficiency and transparency are highly desired. However, there is limited study involving the improvements of QLED pixel resolution, efficiency, and transparency simultaneously, which undoubtedly restricts the practical applications of QLED for next-generation displays. Here, the strategy of electrostatic force-induced deposition (EF-ID) is proposed by introducing alternating polyethyleneimine (PEI) and fluorosilane patterns to synergistically improve the pixel accuracy and transmittance of QD patterns. More importantly, the leakage current induced by the void spaces between pixels that is usually reported for high-resolution QLEDs is greatly suppressed by substrate-assisted insulating fluorosilane patterns. Finally, high-performance QLEDs with high resolution ranging from 1104 to 3031 pixels per inch (PPI) and a high efficiency of 15.6% are achieved, among the best performances of high resolution QLEDs. Notably, the high resolution QD pixels greatly enhance the transmittance of the QD patterns, thus prompting an impressive transmittance of 90.7% for the transparent QLEDs (2116 PPI), which represents the highest transmittance of transparent QLED devices. Consequently, this work contributes an effective and general approach for high-resolution QLEDs with high efficiency and transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhao Luo
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Zhishuai Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Ding
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Zhenwei Ren
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Hengfei Shi
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Ji
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Dushu Lake Science and Education Innovation District, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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16
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Zhao S, Zheng J, Fang L, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Xia Y, Jiang Y. Ultra-robust, Highly Stretchable, and Conductive Nanocomposites with Self-healable Asymmetric Structures Prepared by a Simple Green Method. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37433744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Flexible conductive polymer nanocomposites based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been extensively studied to develop the next generation of flexible electronic devices. Fiber materials with high strength and large stretching are an important part of high-performance wearable electronics. However, manufacturing conductive composites with both high mechanical strength and good stability remains challenging. In addition, the process of effectively dispersing conductive fillers into substrates is relatively complex, which greatly hampers its widespread application. Here, a simple green self-assembly preparation method in water is reported. The AgNW is evenly dispersed in aqueous, i.e., water-borne polyurethane (WPU) with water as the solvent, and a AgNW/WPU conductive nanocomposite film with an asymmetric structure is formed by self-assembly in one step. The film has high strength (≈49.2 MPa) and high strain (≈910%), low initial resistance (99.9 mΩ/sq), high conductivity (9968.1 S/cm), and excellent self-healing (93%) and adhesion. With good self-healing performance, fibers with a conductive filler spiral structure are formed. At the same time, the application of the conductive composite material with an asymmetric structure in intelligent wearability is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Liu Fang
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Yanzhi Xia
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Yijun Jiang
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
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17
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Lee M, Seung H, Kwon JI, Choi MK, Kim DH, Choi C. Nanomaterial-Based Synaptic Optoelectronic Devices for In-Sensor Preprocessing of Image Data. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5209-5224. [PMID: 36816688 PMCID: PMC9933102 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the advance in information technologies involving machine vision applications, the demand for energy- and time-efficient acquisition, transfer, and processing of a large amount of image data has rapidly increased. However, current architectures of the machine vision system have inherent limitations in terms of power consumption and data latency owing to the physical isolation of image sensors and processors. Meanwhile, synaptic optoelectronic devices that exhibit photoresponse similar to the behaviors of the human synapse enable in-sensor preprocessing, which makes the front-end part of the image recognition process more efficient. Herein, we review recent progress in the development of synaptic optoelectronic devices using functional nanomaterials and their unique interfacial characteristics. First, we provide an overview of representative functional nanomaterials and device configurations for the synaptic optoelectronic devices. Then, we discuss the underlying physics of each nanomaterial in the synaptic optoelectronic device and explain related device characteristics that allow for the in-sensor preprocessing. We also discuss advantages achieved by the application of the synaptic optoelectronic devices to image preprocessing, such as contrast enhancement and image filtering. Finally, we conclude this review and present a short prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Lee
- Center
for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Post-silicon Semiconductor
Institute, Korea Institute of Science and
Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Seung
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jong Ik Kwon
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoon Choi
- Center
for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Post-silicon Semiconductor
Institute, Korea Institute of Science and
Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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18
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Zhou W, Ou Y, Huang L, Song E, Ma F, Xia Z, Liang H, Zhang Q. Shining Transparent Displays with Stable Narrow-Band Blue-Emitting Phosphor in Layered Film. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206278. [PMID: 36200238 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Transparent displays (TDs) rendering "levitating" images on screen have appeared as an emerging technology toward augmented/mixed reality applications. However, the traditional phosphor design and screen construction have severely limited the TD performance owing to the lack of efficient narrow-band blue emitters and stable screen structure. Herein, the novel narrow-band (full width at half maximum: 32 nm) NaLi3 SiO4 :Eu2+ phosphor with a peak at 467 nm as a key blue emitter is explored, and it is sandwiched in layered film as a unique screen design. The devised screen features decent transparency, high emission color purity, and good reliability, and the TD prototype renders "floating" static images and vivid animation with broad viewing angle (15°-165°) and large color gamut (97% of National Television Standards Committee). Spectroscopic and microstructural characterizations reveal the TD superior performance originates from synergistic contributions of moderate crystal field effect (εc ≈ 1.13 eV; εcfs ≈ 1.60 eV), weak vibronic coupling (S ≈ 3; ħω ≈ 285 cm-1 ), and limited thermal ionization of 5d electrons (Ea ≈ 0.43 eV) for NaLi3 SiO4 :Eu2+ emission and layered architecture for screen film. These findings establish fundamental guidelines for narrow-band emitting materials design and shine light on superior TD innovative development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Yiyi Ou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Enhai Song
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Fengkai Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
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19
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Kwon JI, Park G, Lee GH, Jang JH, Sung NJ, Kim SY, Yoo J, Lee K, Ma H, Karl M, Shin TJ, Song MH, Yang J, Choi MK. Ultrahigh-resolution full-color perovskite nanocrystal patterning for ultrathin skin-attachable displays. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd0697. [PMID: 36288304 PMCID: PMC9604611 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add0697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-definition red/green/blue (RGB) pixels and deformable form factors are essential for the next-generation advanced displays. Here, we present ultrahigh-resolution full-color perovskite nanocrystal (PeNC) patterning for ultrathin wearable displays. Double-layer transfer printing of the PeNC and organic charge transport layers is developed, which prevents internal cracking of the PeNC film during the transfer printing process. This results in RGB pixelated PeNC patterns of 2550 pixels per inch (PPI) and monochromic patterns of 33,000 line pairs per inch with 100% transfer yield. The perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with transfer-printed active layers exhibit outstanding electroluminescence characteristics with remarkable external quantum efficiencies (15.3, 14.8, and 2.5% for red, green, and blue, respectively), which are high compared to the printed PeLEDs reported to date. Furthermore, double-layer transfer printing enables the fabrication of ultrathin multicolor PeLEDs that can operate on curvilinear surfaces, including human skin, under various mechanical deformations. These results highlight that PeLEDs are promising for high-definition full-color wearable displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ik Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuri Park
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Heon Lee
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak Jun Sung
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjong Ma
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Karl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Yang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Energy Science and Engineering Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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20
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Seung H, Choi C, Kim DC, Kim JS, Kim JH, Kim J, Park SI, Lim JA, Yang J, Choi MK, Hyeon T, Kim DH. Integration of synaptic phototransistors and quantum dot light-emitting diodes for visualization and recognition of UV patterns. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq3101. [PMID: 36223475 PMCID: PMC9555778 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic photodetectors exhibit photon-triggered synaptic plasticity, which thus can improve the image recognition rate by enhancing the image contrast. However, still, the visualization and recognition of invisible ultraviolet (UV) patterns are challenging, owing to intense background noise. Here, inspired by all-or-none potentiation of synapse, we develop an integrated device of synaptic phototransistors (SPTrs) and quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), facilitating noise reduction and visualization of UV patterns through on-device preprocessing. The SPTrs convert noisy UV inputs into a weighted photocurrent, which is applied to the QLEDs as a voltage input through an external current-voltage-converting circuit. The threshold switching characteristics of the QLEDs result in amplified current and visible illumination by the suprathreshold input voltage or nearly zero current and no visible illumination by the input voltage below the threshold. The preprocessing of image data with the SPTr-QLED can amplify the image contrast, which is helpful for high-accuracy image recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Seung
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoon Choi
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chan Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Ik Park
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ah Lim
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Yang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (D.-H.K.); (T.H.); (M.K.C.)
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (D.-H.K.); (T.H.); (M.K.C.)
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (D.-H.K.); (T.H.); (M.K.C.)
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21
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Yoo J, Li S, Kim DH, Yang J, Choi MK. Materials and design strategies for stretchable electroluminescent devices. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:801-821. [PMID: 35686540 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00158f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable displays have recently received increasing attention as input and/or output interfaces for next-generation human-friendly electronic systems. Stretchable electroluminescent (EL) devices are a core component of stretchable displays, and they can be classified into two types, structurally stretchable EL devices and intrinsically stretchable EL devices, according to the mechanism for achieving their stretchability. We herein present recent advances in materials and design strategies for stretchable EL devices. First, stretchable devices based on ultrathin EL devices are introduced. Ultrathin EL devices are mechanically flexible like thin paper, and they can become stretchable through various structural engineering methods, such as inducing a buckled structure, employing interconnects with stretchable geometries, and applying origami/kirigami techniques. Secondly, intrinsically stretchable EL devices can be fabricated by using inherently stretchable electronic materials. For example, light-emitting electrochemical cells and EL devices with a simpler structure using alternating current have been developed. Furthermore, novel stretchable semiconductor materials have been presented for the development of intrinsically stretchable light-emitting diodes. After discussing these two types of stretchable EL devices, we briefly discuss applications of deformable EL devices and conclude the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shi Li
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Yang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Energy Science and Engineering Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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22
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Shi L, Chen S. Over 32.5% Efficient Top-Emitting Quantum-Dot LEDs with Angular-Independent Emission. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:30039-30045. [PMID: 35731923 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Top-emitting quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (TQLEDs) with light emitted from the top semitransparent electrodes can improve the aperture ratio, efficiency, and color saturation of displays. However, because of the microcavity effect induced by the top semitransparent electrodes, the devices usually exhibit angular-dependent emission, which is unfavorable for display applications. In this study, highly transparent and conductive indium zinc oxide (IZO) is used as the top electrode to reduce the microcavity effect, thereby improving the angular color stability. By further applying a nanosphere scattering layer on the IZO top electrode, the trapped light is greatly extracted, and thus, the external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) are remarkably improved by 35, 50, and 133% for the red, green, and blue devices, respectively. The champion red TQLEDs exhibit a record EQE of 32.5% with angular-independent color emission. The demonstrated TQLEDs with high efficiency, high color stability, and a high aperture ratio could be the ideal candidates for QLED displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Shi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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23
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Yin H, Zhu Y, Youssef K, Yu Z, Pei Q. Structures and Materials in Stretchable Electroluminescent Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106184. [PMID: 34647640 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electroluminescent (EL) devices are obtained by partitioning a large emission area into areas specifically for stretching and light-emission (island-bridge structure). Buckled and textile structures are also shown effective to combine the conventional light emitting diode fabrication with elastic substrates for structure-enabled stretchable EL devices. Meanwhile, intrinsically stretchable EL devices which are characterized with uniform stretchability down to microscopic scale are relatively less developed but promise simpler device structure and higher impact resistance. The challenges in fabricating intrinsically stretchable EL devices with high and robust performance are in many facets, including stretchable conductors, emissive materials, and compatible processes. For the stretchable transparent electrode, ionically conductive gel, conductive polymer coating, and conductor network in surface of elastomer are all proven useful. The stretchable EL materials are currently limited to conjugated polymers, conjugated polymers with surfactants and ionic conductors added to boost stretchability, and phosphor particles embedded in elastomer matrices. These emissive materials operate under different mechanisms, require different electrode materials and fabrication processes, and the corresponding EL devices face distinctive challenges. This review aims to provide a basic understanding of the materials meeting both the mechanical and electronic requirements and important techniques to fabricate the stretchable EL devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexing Yin
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
| | - Kareem Youssef
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
| | - Zhibin Yu
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Qibing Pei
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
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24
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Wan Q, Huang L, Kong L, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Liu M, Liao X, Zhan W, Zheng W, Yuan C, He M, Li L. High-Efficiency Semitransparent Light-Emitting Diodes with Perovskite Nanocrystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:19697-19703. [PMID: 35438955 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence offers new opportunities for translucent displays. However, achieving translucent light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with high efficiency and high color purity remains a challenge. Here, we propose a strategy of using an alkali metal/inert metal (calcium/silver) bilayer metal electrode as a top electrode and perovskite nanocrystals as an emitter layer in the device structure, which allows us to not only fabricate excellent opaque LEDs but also manufacture highly efficient semitransparent LEDs with high color purity, total brightness (over 7000 cd m-2), total external quantum efficiency (over 12%), and 56% transmittance around 520 nm. This is the highest external quantum efficiency report about semitransparent LED based on perovskite materials or inorganic quantum dots so far, which presents great application potential in the field of translucent display with high color purity and wide color gamut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lu Huang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Long Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qinggang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronics Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Congyang Zhang
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinrong Liao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenji Zhan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weilin Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Changwei Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mengda He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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25
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Faraz M, Abbasi MA, Son D, Shin C, Lee KT, Won SM, Baac HW. Strain-Dependent Photoacoustic Characteristics of Free-Standing Carbon-Nanocomposite Transmitters. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22093432. [PMID: 35591121 PMCID: PMC9104446 DOI: 10.3390/s22093432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate strain-dependent photoacoustic (PA) characteristics of free-standing nanocomposite transmitters that are made of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and candle soot nanoparticles (CSNP) with an elastomeric polymer matrix. We analyzed and compared PA output performances of these transmitters which are prepared first on glass substrates and then in a delaminated free-standing form for strain-dependent characterization. This confirms that the nanocomposite transmitters with lower concentration of nanoparticles exhibit more flexible and stretchable property in terms of Young’s modulus in a range of 4.08–10.57 kPa. Then, a dynamic endurance test was performed revealing that both types of transmitters are reliable with pressure amplitude variation as low as 8–15% over 100–800 stretching cycles for a strain level of 5–28% with dynamic endurance in range of 0.28–2.8%. Then, after 2000 cycles, the transmitters showed pressure amplitude variation of 6–29% (dynamic endurance range of 0.21–1.03%) at a fixed strain level of 28%. This suggests that the free-standing nanocomposite transmitters can be used as a strain sensor under a variety of environments providing robustness under repeated stretching cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faraz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Muhammad Awais Abbasi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Donghee Son
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Changhwan Shin
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Lee
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sang Min Won
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hyoung Won Baac
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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26
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Ni Y, Qian S, Tong Q. Strain-Engineered Adhesion and Reversible Transfer Printing of Water Droplets and Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:4783-4790. [PMID: 35020362 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transfer printing has been playing a crucial role in the fabrication of various functional devices. In spite of the extensive progress in technology, challenges are remaining, in the aspects of accuracy, efficiency, and adaptivity. Here, we propose a reversible transfer printing technique of tailoring adhesion by selectively stretching the surfaces. Through molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate the transfer of nanoscale substances such as water droplets, colloids, and nanoparticles between two graphene surfaces with strains switched on and off. We reveal the mechanism of the dynamic behaviors by analyzing the energies and driving forces of the substances during the process of transfer. The work not only advances the fundamental understanding of adhesion but also can inspire applications in the design of next-generation electronic and biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Ni
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Minghua Electric Power Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Sheng Qian
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qi Tong
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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27
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Cho KW, Sunwoo SH, Hong YJ, Koo JH, Kim JH, Baik S, Hyeon T, Kim DH. Soft Bioelectronics Based on Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5068-5143. [PMID: 34962131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanostructured materials and unconventional device designs have transformed the bioelectronics from a rigid and bulky form into a soft and ultrathin form and brought enormous advantages to the bioelectronics. For example, mechanical deformability of the soft bioelectronics and thus its conformal contact onto soft curved organs such as brain, heart, and skin have allowed researchers to measure high-quality biosignals, deliver real-time feedback treatments, and lower long-term side-effects in vivo. Here, we review various materials, fabrication methods, and device strategies for flexible and stretchable electronics, especially focusing on soft biointegrated electronics using nanomaterials and their composites. First, we summarize top-down material processing and bottom-up synthesis methods of various nanomaterials. Next, we discuss state-of-the-art technologies for intrinsically stretchable nanocomposites composed of nanostructured materials incorporated in elastomers or hydrogels. We also briefly discuss unconventional device design strategies for soft bioelectronics. Then individual device components for soft bioelectronics, such as biosensing, data storage, display, therapeutic stimulation, and power supply devices, are introduced. Afterward, representative application examples of the soft bioelectronics are described. A brief summary with a discussion on remaining challenges concludes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Won Cho
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Joseph Hong
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Baik
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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28
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Chatterjee J, Chatterjee A, Hazra P. Intrinsic-to-extrinsic emission tuning in luminescent Cu nanoclusters by in situ ligand engineering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25850-25865. [PMID: 34763350 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03596g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enhancement of the emission quantum yield and expansion of the emission tunability spectrum are the key aspects of an emitter, which direct the evolution of future generation light harvesting materials. In this regard, small molecular ligand-protected Cu nanoclusters (SLCuNCs) have emerged as prospective candidates. Herein, we report the broadband emission tunability in a SLCuNC system, mediated by in situ ligand replacement. 1,6-Hexanedithiol-protected blue emissive discrete Cu nanoclusters (CuNCs) and red emissive CuNC assemblies have been synthesized in one pot. The red emissive CuNC assemblies were characterized and found to be covalently-linked nanocluster superstructures. The blue emissive CuNC was further converted to a green-yellow emissive CuNC over time by a ligand replacement process, which was mediated by the oxidized form of the reducing agent used for synthesizing the blue emissive nanocluster. Steady-state emission results and fluorescence dynamics studies were used to elucidate that the ligand replacement process not only modulates the emission color but also alters the nature of emission from metal-centered intrinsic to ligand-centered extrinsic emission. Moreover, time-dependent blue to green-yellow emission tunability was demonstrated under optimized reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Dr. Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, Pune - 411008, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Abhijit Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Dr. Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, Pune - 411008, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Partha Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Dr. Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, Pune - 411008, Maharashtra, India. .,Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Dr. Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, Pune - 411008, Maharashtra, India
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29
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Zhang L, Zhang C, Tan Z, Tang J, Yao C, Hao B. Research Progress of Microtransfer Printing Technology for Flexible Electronic Integrated Manufacturing. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12111358. [PMID: 34832770 PMCID: PMC8619378 DOI: 10.3390/mi12111358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid development of the flexible electronics industry, there is an urgent need for a large-area, multilayer, and high-production integrated manufacturing technology for scalable and flexible electronic products. To solve this technical demand, researchers have proposed and developed microtransfer printing technology, which picks up and prints inks in various material forms from the donor substrate to the target substrate, successfully realizing the integrated manufacturing of flexible electronic products. This review retrospects the representative research progress of microtransfer printing technology for the production of flexible electronic products and emphasizes the summary of seal materials, the basic principles of various transfer technology and fracture mechanics models, and the influence of different factors on the transfer effect. In the end, the unique functions, technical features, and related printing examples of each technology are concluded and compared, and the prospects of further research work on microtransfer printing technology is finally presented.
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30
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An EY, Lee S, Lee SG, Lee E, Baek JJ, Shin G, Choi KH, Cho JH, Bae GY. Self-Patterned Stretchable Electrode Based on Silver Nanowire Bundle Mesh Developed by Liquid Bridge Evaporation. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112865. [PMID: 34835632 PMCID: PMC8621255 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy is required to realize a low-cost stretchable electrode while realizing high stretchability, conductivity, and manufacturability. In this study, we fabricated a self-patterned stretchable electrode using a simple and scalable process. The stretchable electrode is composed of a bridged square-shaped (BSS) AgNW bundle mesh developed by liquid bridge evaporation and a stretchable polymer matrix patterned with a microcavity array. Owing to the BSS structure and microcavity array, which effectively concentrate the applied strain on the deformable square region of the BSS structure under tensile stretching, the stretchable electrode exhibits high stretchability with a low ΔR/R0 of 10.3 at a strain of 40%. Furthermore, by exploiting the self-patterning ability—attributable to the difference in the ability to form liquid bridges according to the distance between microstructures—we successfully demonstrated a stretchable AgNW bundle mesh with complex patterns without using additional patterning processes. In particular, stretchable electrodes were fabricated by spray coating and bar coating, which are widely used in industry for low-cost mass production. We believe that this study significantly contributes to the commercialization of stretchable electronics while achieving high performance and complex patterns, such as stretchable displays and electronic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young An
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Korea; (E.Y.A.); (J.J.B.); (G.S.); (K.H.C.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Seung Goo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea;
| | - Eunho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea;
| | - Jeong Ju Baek
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Korea; (E.Y.A.); (J.J.B.); (G.S.); (K.H.C.)
| | - Gyojic Shin
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Korea; (E.Y.A.); (J.J.B.); (G.S.); (K.H.C.)
| | - Kyung Ho Choi
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Korea; (E.Y.A.); (J.J.B.); (G.S.); (K.H.C.)
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.C.); (G.Y.B.)
| | - Geun Yeol Bae
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Korea; (E.Y.A.); (J.J.B.); (G.S.); (K.H.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.C.); (G.Y.B.)
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31
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Shim HJ, Sunwoo S, Kim Y, Koo JH, Kim D. Functionalized Elastomers for Intrinsically Soft and Biointegrated Electronics. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002105. [PMID: 33506654 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elastomers are suitable materials for constructing a conformal interface with soft and curvilinear biological tissue due to their intrinsically deformable mechanical properties. Intrinsically soft electronic devices whose mechanical properties are comparable to human tissue can be fabricated using suitably functionalized elastomers. This article reviews recent progress in functionalized elastomers and their application to intrinsically soft and biointegrated electronics. Elastomers can be functionalized by adding appropriate fillers, either nanoscale materials or polymers. Conducting or semiconducting elastomers synthesized and/or processed with these materials can be applied to the fabrication of soft biointegrated electronic devices. For facile integration of soft electronics with the human body, additional functionalization strategies can be employed to improve adhesive or autonomous healing properties. Recently, device components for intrinsically soft and biointegrated electronics, including sensors, stimulators, power supply devices, displays, and transistors, have been developed. Herein, representative examples of these fully elastomeric device components are discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and future outlooks for the field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joon Shim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjun Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae‐Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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Yang J, Yoo J, Yu WS, Choi MK. Polymer-Assisted High-Resolution Printing Techniques for Colloidal Quantum Dots. Macromol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Cho Y, Lim J, Li M, Pak S, Wang ZK, Yang YG, Abate A, Li Z, Snaith HJ, Hou B, Cha S. Balanced Charge Carrier Transport Mediated by Quantum Dot Film Post-organization for Light-Emitting Diode Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26170-26179. [PMID: 34039003 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In light-emitting diodes (LEDs), balanced electron and hole transport is of particular importance to achieve high rates of radiative recombination. Most quantum dot (QD)-based LEDs, however, employ infinitesimal core-shell QDs which inherently have different electron and hole mobilities. As QDs are the core building blocks of QD-LEDs, the inherent mobility difference in the core-shell QDs causes significantly unbalanced charge carrier transport, resulting in detrimental effects on performances of QD-LEDs. Herein, we introduce a post-chemical treatment to reconstruct the QD films through the solvent-mediated self-organization process. The treatment using various poly-alkyl alcohol groups enables QD ensembles to transform from disordered solid dispersion into an ordered superlattice and effectively modulate electron and hole mobilities, which leads to the balanced charge carrier transport. In particular, ethanol-treated QD films exhibit enhanced charge carrier lifetime and reduced hysteresis due to the balanced charge carrier transport, which is attributed to the preferential-facet-oriented QD post-organization. As a result, 63, 78, and 54% enhancements in the external quantum efficiency were observed in red, green, and blue QD-LEDs, respectively. These results are of fundamental importance to understand both solvent-mediated QD film reconstruction and the effect of balanced electron and hole transport in QD-LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuljae Cho
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Minghang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jongchul Lim
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Meng Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Kekuléstraße 5, Berlin 12489, Germany
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Sangyeon Pak
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Zhao-Kui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Guo Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Kekuléstraße 5, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Bo Hou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, 5 The Parade, Newport Road, Cardiff CF24 3AA, U.K
| | - SeungNam Cha
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
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Yokota T, Fukuda K, Someya T. Recent Progress of Flexible Image Sensors for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004416. [PMID: 33527511 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible image sensors have attracted increasing attention as new imaging devices owing to their lightness, softness, and bendability. Since light can measure inside information from outside of the body, optical-imaging-based approaches, such as X-rays, are widely used for disease diagnosis in hospitals. Unlike conventional sensors, flexible image sensors are soft and can be directly attached to a curved surface, such as the skin, for continuous measurement of biometric information with high accuracy. Therefore, they are expected to gain wide application to wearable devices, as well as home medical care. Herein, the application of such sensors to the biomedical field is introduced. First, their individual components, photosensors, and switching elements, are explained. Then, the basic parameters used to evaluate the performance of each of these elements and the image sensors are described. Finally, examples of measuring the dynamic and static biometric information using flexible image sensors, together with relevant real-world measurement cases, are presented. Furthermore, recent applications of the flexible image sensors in the biomedical field are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- Center for Emergent Matter Science & Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science & Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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Yang J, Choi MK, Yang UJ, Kim SY, Kim YS, Kim JH, Kim DH, Hyeon T. Toward Full-Color Electroluminescent Quantum Dot Displays. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:26-33. [PMID: 33258610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) exhibit unique characteristics such as facile color tunability, pure color emission with extremely narrow bandwidths, high luminescence efficiency, and high photostability. In addition, quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) feature bright electroluminescence, low turn-on voltage, and ultrathin form factor, making them a promising candidate for next-generation displays. To achieve the overarching goal of the full-color display based on the electroluminescence of QDs, however it is essential to enhance the performance of QLEDs further for each color (e.g., red, green, and blue; RGB) and develop novel techniques for patterning RGB QD pixels without cross-contamination. Here, we present state-of-the-art material, process, and device technologies for full-color QLED-based displays. First, we highlight recent advances in the development of efficient red-, green-, and blue-monochromatic QLEDs. In particular, we focus on the progress of heavy-metal-free QLEDs. Then, we describe patterning techniques for individual RGB QDs to fabricate pixelated displays. Finally, we briefly summarize applications of such QLEDs, presenting the possibility of full-color QLED-based displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoong Yang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - U Jeong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Zhu Y, Lin L, Chen Y, Song Y, Lu W, Guo Y. Extreme Temperature-Tolerant Conductive Gel with Antibacterial Activity for Flexible Dual-Response Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56470-56479. [PMID: 33270426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible sensors based on conductive hydrogel show great potential in electronic skin and human-machine interface. However, pure water in hydrogel inevitably freezes or rapidly evaporates under extreme temperatures, leading to inadequate fulfillment of sensor performances. Herein, a well-designed strategy is reported for fabricating extreme temperature-tolerant gel-based sensors. By immersing a gelatin/polyacrylamide (PAAm)-clay composite (GC) hydrogel into a ZnCl2/water/glycerol system, a phase-transition-tunable gel (PTTGC gel) is obtained with outstanding antifreezing (-82 °C) and long-lasting moisture (70 °C, more than 40 days) properties. Meanwhile, the gel also presents good antibacterial activity and biocompatibility attributing to Zn2+ and gelatin, respectively. Then, a dual-response sensor with a wide operating temperature (-60 to 60 °C) is proposed, presenting high stress and temperature sensitivities and long-term stability. The sensor will meet the needs of the human-machine interface for scientific investigation and data monitoring in polar, desert, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Material, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Hangzhou Research Institute of Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Technology Innovation Center for Exploitation of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Material, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Hangzhou Research Institute of Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yeping Song
- Hangzhou Research Institute of Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Weipeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Material, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Hangzhou Research Institute of Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yanchuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Material, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Hangzhou Research Institute of Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Ultraflexible organic light-emitting diodes for optogenetic nerve stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21138-21146. [PMID: 32817422 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007395117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic electronic devices implemented on flexible thin films are attracting increased attention for biomedical applications because they possess extraordinary conformity to curved surfaces. A neuronal device equipped with an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), used in combination with animals that are genetically engineered to include a light-gated ion channel, would enable cell type-specific stimulation to neurons as well as conformal contact to brain tissue and peripheral soft tissue. This potential application of the OLEDs requires strong luminescence, well over the neuronal excitation threshold in addition to flexibility. Compatibility with neuroimaging techniques such as MRI provides a method to investigate the evoked activities in the whole brain. Here, we developed an ultrathin, flexible, MRI-compatible OLED device and demonstrated the activation of channelrhodopsin-2-expressing neurons in animals. Optical stimulation from the OLED attached to nerve fibers induced contractions in the innervated muscles. Mechanical damage to the tissues was significantly reduced because of the flexibility. Owing to the MRI compatibility, neuronal activities induced by direct optical stimulation of the brain were visualized using MRI. The OLED provides an optical interface for modulating the activity of soft neuronal tissues.
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Exciton-driven change of phonon modes causes strong temperature dependent bandgap shift in nanoclusters. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4127. [PMID: 32807786 PMCID: PMC7431586 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental bandgap Eg of a semiconductor—often determined by means of optical spectroscopy—represents its characteristic fingerprint and changes distinctively with temperature. Here, we demonstrate that in magic sized II-VI clusters containing only 26 atoms, a pronounced weakening of the bonds occurs upon optical excitation, which results in a strong exciton-driven shift of the phonon spectrum. As a consequence, a drastic increase of dEg/dT (up to a factor of 2) with respect to bulk material or nanocrystals of typical size is found. We are able to describe our experimental data with excellent quantitative agreement from first principles deriving the bandgap shift with temperature as the vibrational entropy contribution to the free energy difference between the ground and optically excited states. Our work demonstrates how in small nanoparticles, photons as the probe medium affect the bandgap—a fundamental semiconductor property. The bandgap of nanostructures usually follows the bulk value upon temperature change. Here, the authors find that in small nanocrystals a weakening of the bonds due to optical excitation causes a pronounced phonon shift, leading to a drastic enhancement of the bandgap’s temperature dependence.
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Stretchable and Robust Candle-Soot Nanoparticle-Polydimethylsiloxane Composite Films for Laser-Ultrasound Transmitters. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11070631. [PMID: 32605328 PMCID: PMC7407116 DOI: 10.3390/mi11070631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Considerable attention has been devoted to the development of nanomaterial-based photoacoustic transmitters for ultrasound therapy and diagnosis applications. Here, we fabricate and characterize candle-soot nanoparticles (CSNPs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite-based photoacoustic transmitters, based on a solution process, not just to achieve high-frequency and high-amplitude pressure outputs, but also to develop physically stretchable ultrasound transmitters. Owing to its non-porous and non-agglomerative characteristics, the composite exhibits unique photo-thermal and mechanical properties. The output pressure amplitudes from CSNPs-PDMS composites were 20-26 dB stronger than those of Cr film, used as a reference. The proposed transmitters also offered a center frequency of 2.44-13.34 MHz and 6-dB bandwidths of 5.80-13.62 MHz. Importantly, we characterize the mechanical robustness of CSNPs-PDMS quantitatively, by measuring laser-damage thresholds, to evaluate the upper limit of laser energy that can be ultimately used as an input, i.e., proportional to the maximum-available pressure output. The transmitters could endure an input laser fluence of 54.3-108.6 mJ·cm-2. This is 1.65-3.30 times higher than the Cr film, and is significantly higher than the values of other CSNPs-PDMS transmitters reported elsewhere (22-81 mJ·cm-2). Moreover, we characterized the strain-dependent photoacoustic output of a stretchable nanocomposite film, obtained by delaminating it from the glass substrate. The transmitter could be elongated elastically up to a longitudinal strain of 0.59. Under this condition, it maintained a center frequency of 6.72-9.44 MHz, and 6-dB bandwidth ranges from 12.05 to 14.02 MHz. We believe that the stretchable CSNPs-PDMS composites would be useful in developing patch-type ultrasound devices conformally adhered on skin for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Zhang H, Su Q, Chen S. Quantum-dot and organic hybrid tandem light-emitting diodes with multi-functionality of full-color-tunability and white-light-emission. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2826. [PMID: 32499516 PMCID: PMC7272409 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Realizing of full-color quantum-dot LED display remains a challenge because of the poor stability of the blue quantum-dot and the immature inkjet-printing color patterning technology. Here, we develop a multifunctional tandem LED by stacking a yellow quantum-dot LED with a blue organic LED using an indium–zinc oxide intermediate connecting electrode. Under parallel connection and alternate-current driving, the tandem LED is full-color-tunable, which can emit red, green and blue primary colors as well as arbitrary colors that cover a 63% National Television System Committee color triangle. Under series connection and direct current driving, the tandem LED can emit efficient white light with a high brightness of 107000 cd m−2 and a maximum external quantum efficiency up to 26.02%. The demonstrated hybrid tandem LED, with multi-functionality of full-color-tunability and white light-emission, could find potential applications in both full-color-display and solid-state-lighting. Designing efficient light-emitting diodes with full-color-tunability and white-light-emission remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a multifunctional hybrid tandem LED by stacking a yellow quantum-dot LED with a blue organic LED using an indium–zinc oxide intermediate connecting electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
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Cha GD, Lee WH, Lim C, Choi MK, Kim DH. Materials engineering, processing, and device application of hydrogel nanocomposites. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:10456-10473. [PMID: 32388540 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01456g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are widely implemented as key materials in various biomedical applications owing to their soft, flexible, hydrophilic, and quasi-solid nature. Recently, however, new material properties over those of bare hydrogels have been sought for novel applications. Accordingly, hydrogel nanocomposites, i.e., hydrogels converged with nanomaterials, have been proposed for the functional transformation of conventional hydrogels. The incorporation of suitable nanomaterials into the hydrogel matrix allows the hydrogel nanocomposite to exhibit multi-functionality in addition to the biocompatible feature of the original hydrogel. Therefore, various hydrogel composites with nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanosheets, have been developed for diverse purposes, such as catalysis, environmental purification, bio-imaging, sensing, and controlled drug delivery. Furthermore, novel technologies for the patterning of such hydrogel nanocomposites into desired shapes have been developed. The combination of such material engineering and processing technologies has enabled the hydrogel nanocomposite to become a key soft component of electronic, electrochemical, and biomedical devices. We herein review the recent research trend in the field of hydrogel nanocomposites, particularly focusing on materials engineering, processing, and device applications. Furthermore, the conclusions are presented with the scope of future research outlook, which also includes the current technical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Doo Cha
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea. and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang Hee Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea. and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhyuk Lim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea. and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea. and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Hales S, Tokita E, Neupane R, Ghosh U, Elder B, Wirthlin D, Kong YL. 3D printed nanomaterial-based electronic, biomedical, and bioelectronic devices. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:172001. [PMID: 31805540 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab5f29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to seamlessly integrate functional materials into three-dimensional (3D) constructs has been of significant interest, as it can enable the creation of multifunctional devices. Such integration can be achieved with a multiscale, multi-material 3D printing strategy. This technology has enabled the creation of unique devices such as personalized tissue regenerative scaffolds, biomedical implants, 3D electronic devices, and bionic constructs which are challenging to realize with conventional manufacturing processes. In particular, the incorporation of nanomaterials into 3D printed devices can endow a wide range of constructs with tailorable mechanical, chemical, and electrical functionalities. This review highlights the advances and unique possibilities in the fabrication of novel electronic, biomedical, and bioelectronic devices that are realized by the synergistic integration of nanomaterials with 3D printing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hales
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States of America
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Kim DC, Shim HJ, Lee W, Koo JH, Kim DH. Material-Based Approaches for the Fabrication of Stretchable Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902743. [PMID: 31408223 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics are mechanically compatible with a variety of objects, especially with the soft curvilinear contours of the human body, enabling human-friendly electronics applications that could not be achieved with conventional rigid electronics. Therefore, extensive research effort has been devoted to the development of stretchable electronics, from research on materials and unit device, to fully integrated systems. In particular, material-processing technologies that encompass the synthesis, assembly, and patterning of intrinsically stretchable electronic materials have been actively investigated and have provided many notable breakthroughs for the advancement of stretchable electronics. Here, the latest studies of such material-based approaches are reviewed, mainly focusing on intrinsically stretchable electronic nanocomposites that generally consist of conducting/semiconducting filler materials inside or on elastomer backbone matrices. Various approaches for fabricating these intrinsically stretchable electronic materials are presented, including the blending of electronic fillers into elastomer matrices, the formation of bi-layered heterogeneous electronic-layer and elastomer support-layer structures, and modifications to polymeric molecular structures in order to impart stretchability. Detailed descriptions of the various conducting/semiconducting composites prepared by each method are provided, along with their electrical/mechanical properties and examples of device applications. To conclude, a brief future outlook is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chan Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Shim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woongchan Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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A Skin-Conformal, Stretchable, and Breathable Fiducial Marker Patch for Surgical Navigation Systems. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11020194. [PMID: 32070015 PMCID: PMC7074652 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Augmented reality (AR) surgical navigation systems have attracted considerable attention as they assist medical professionals in visualizing the location of ailments within the human body that are not readily seen with the naked eye. Taking medical imaging with a parallel C-shaped arm (C-arm) as an example, surgical sites are typically targeted using an optical tracking device and a fiducial marker in real-time. These markers then guide operators who are using a multifunctional endoscope apparatus by signaling the direction or distance needed to reach the affected parts of the body. In this way, fiducial markers are used to accurately protect the vessels and nerves exposed during the surgical process. Although these systems have already shown potential for precision implantation, delamination of the fiducial marker, which is a critical component of the system, from human skin remains a challenge due to a mechanical mismatch between the marker and skin, causing registration problems that lead to poor position alignments and surgical degradation. To overcome this challenge, the mechanical modulus and stiffness of the marker patch should be lowered to approximately 150 kPa, which is comparable to that of the epidermis, while improving functionality. Herein, we present a skin-conformal, stretchable yet breathable fiducial marker for the application in AR-based surgical navigation systems. By adopting pore patterns, we were able to create a fiducial marker with a skin-like low modulus and breathability. When attached to the skin, the fiducial marker was easily identified using optical recognition equipment and showed skin-conformal adhesion when stretched and shrunk repeatedly. As such, we believe the marker would be a good fiducial marker candidate for patients under surgical navigation systems.
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Baek SD, Kwon DK, Kim YC, Myoung JM. Violet Light-Emitting Diodes Based on p-CuI Thin Film/n-MgZnO Quantum Dot Heterojunction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6037-6047. [PMID: 31985209 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the lighting technology evolves, the need for violet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is growing for high color rendering index lighting. The present technology for violet LEDs is based on the high-cost GaN materials and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition process; therefore, there have recently been intensive studies on developing low-cost alternative materials and processes. In this study, for the first time, we demonstrated violet LEDs based on low-cost materials and processes using a p-CuI thin film/n-MgZnO quantum dot (QD) heterojunction. The p-CuI thin film layer was prepared by an iodination process of Cu films, and the n-MgZnO layer was deposited by spin-coating presynthesized n-MgZnO QDs. To maximize the performance of the violet LED, an optimizing process was performed for each layer of p- and n-type materials. The optimized LED with 1 × 1 mm2-area pixel fabricated using the p-CuI thin film at the iodination temperature of 15 °C and the n-MgZnO QDs at the Mg alloying concentration of 2.7 at. % exhibited the strongest violet emissions at 6 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Doo Baek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Kyun Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Cheol Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Myoung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Massive efforts to build walking aid platforms for the disabled have been made in line with the needs of the aging society. One of the core technologies that make up these platforms is a realization of the skin-like electronic patch, which is capable of sensing electromyogram (EMG) and delivering feedback information to the soft, lightweight, and wearable exosuits, while maintaining high signal-to-noise ratio reliably in the long term. The main limitations of the conventional EMG sensing platforms include the need to apply foam tape or conductive gel on the surface of the device for adhesion and signal acquisition, and also the bulky size and weight of conventional measuring instruments for EMG, limiting practical use in daily life. Herein, we developed an epidermal EMG electrode integrated with a wireless measuring system. Such the stretchable platform was realized by transfer-printing of the as-prepared EMG electrodes on a SiO2 wafer to a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer substrate. The epidermal EMG patch has skin-like properties owing to its unique mechanical characteristics: i) location on a neutral mechanical plane that enables high flexibility, ii) wavy design that allows for high stretchability. We demonstrated wireless EMG monitoring using our skin-attachable and stretchable EMG patch sensor integrated with the miniaturized wireless system modules.
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Park J, Lee Y, Lee H, Ko H. Transfer Printing of Electronic Functions on Arbitrary Complex Surfaces. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12-20. [PMID: 31913600 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Transfer printing of electronic functions on arbitrary surfaces is essential for next-generation applications of skin-attachable electronics, wearable sensors, and implantable/medical devices. For transfer printing of electronic functions on multidimensional surfaces, such as curved regions of the skin and different objects, various strategies have been devised based on the materials and structural design of electronic components and transfer stamps, such as ultrathin membranes or in-plane structures of electronic components, soft interfacial glues or adhesives between devices and surfaces, and smart transfer adhesives with bioinspired micro/nanostructures. These techniques enable high conformity of adhesion, mechanical robustness, and high compliance of electronic devices on arbitrary surfaces under mechanical deformation. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of recent transfer printing techniques and discuss their advantages and challenges. In addition, we report a recently developed transfer printing technique based on bioinspired smart adhesives with reversible adhesion, which enables compliant electronics on various arbitrary complex surfaces without performance degradation, providing solutions for various technical challenges remaining in transfer printing. Finally, we present potential applications of transfer printing and future perspectives for this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwa Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan Metropolitan City 689-798 , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsu Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan Metropolitan City 689-798 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hochan Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan Metropolitan City 689-798 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhyub Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan Metropolitan City 689-798 , Republic of Korea
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Hwang Y, Yoo S, Lim N, Kang SM, Yoo H, Kim J, Hyun Y, Jung GY, Ko HC. Enhancement of Interfacial Adhesion Using Micro/Nanoscale Hierarchical Cilia for Randomly Accessible Membrane-Type Electronic Devices. ACS NANO 2020; 14:118-128. [PMID: 31476128 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The recent technology of transfer printing using various membrane-type flexible/stretchable electronic devices can provide electronic functions to desirable objects where direct device fabrication is difficult. However, if the target surfaces are rough and complex, the capability of accommodating surface mismatches for reliable interfacial adhesion remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate that newly designed nanotubular cilia (NTCs), vertically aligned underneath a polyimide substrate, significantly enhance interfacial adhesion. The tubular structure easily undergoes flattening and wrapping motions to provide a large conformal contact area, and the synergetic effect of the assembled cilia strengthens the overall adhesion. Furthermore, the hierarchical structure consisting of radially spread film-type cilia combined with vertically aligned NTCs in specific regions enables successful transfer printing onto very challenging surfaces such as stone, bark, and textiles. Finally, we successfully transferred a temperature sensor onto an eggshell and indium gallium zinc oxide-based transistors onto a stone with no electrical failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngkyu Hwang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-Dong) , Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seonggwang Yoo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-Dong) , Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Namsoo Lim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-Dong) , Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Myeong Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-Dong) , Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeryun Yoo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-Dong) , Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoo Kim
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , 141 Gajeong-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yujun Hyun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-Dong) , Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Young Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-Dong) , Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Cho Ko
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-Dong) , Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
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Jiang X, Song Z, Liu G, Ma Y, Wang A, Guo Y, Du Z. AgNWs/AZO composite electrode for transparent inverted ZnCdSeS/ZnS quantum dot light-emitting diodes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:055201. [PMID: 31614340 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab4dcd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fully transparent inverted quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) were fabricated by incorporating a Ag-nanowire-based anode. Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al, AZO) was inserted by atomic layer deposition and reduced the sheet resistance by promoting adhesion of Ag nanowires (AgNWs) film and increasing its chemical stability towards oxygen. The performance of the QLEDs was optimal when the thickness of AZO was 20 nm. The current efficiency of the fully transparent inverted QLEDs integrated with the AgNWs/AZO anode reached 15.33 cd A-1. The main peak wavelength and optical transmittance of the inverted QLEDs were 530 nm and 75.66%, respectively. This discovery is expected to provide a basic method for the production of flexible displays with full transparency by AgNWs-based electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Jiang
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
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Roh J, Park YS, Lim J, Klimov VI. Optically pumped colloidal-quantum-dot lasing in LED-like devices with an integrated optical cavity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:271. [PMID: 31937771 PMCID: PMC6959307 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Realization of electrically pumped lasing with solution processable materials will have a revolutionary impact on many disciplines including photonics, chemical sensing, and medical diagnostics. Due to readily tunable, size-controlled emission wavelengths, colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are attractive materials for attaining this goal. Here we use specially engineered QDs to demonstrate devices that operate as both a light emitting diode (LED) and an optically pumped laser. These structures feature a distributed feedback resonator integrated into a bottom LED electrode. By carefully engineering a refractive-index profile across the device, we are able to obtain good confinement of a waveguided mode within the QD medium, which allows for demonstrating low-threshold lasing even with an ultrathin (about three QD monolayers) active layer. These devices also exhibit strong electroluminescence (EL) under electrical pumping. The conducted studies suggest that the demonstrated dual-function (lasing/EL) structures represent a promising device platform for realizing colloidal QD laser diodes. Solution processable, electrically pumped lasers are a sought-after technology for many applications. Here the authors present dual-function devices based on colloidal quantum dots that behave as both electroluminescence structures and optically pumped lasers as a potential platform for electrically pumped quantum dot lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongkyun Roh
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Shin Park
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.,Centre for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Jaehoon Lim
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Energy System Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Victor I Klimov
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
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