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An X, Ma C, Gong L, Liu C, Li N, Liu Z, Li X. Ionic-physical-chemical triple cross-linked all-biomass-based aerogel for thermal insulation applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 668:678-690. [PMID: 38710124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Aerogels, as a unique porous material, are expected to be used as insulation materials to solve the global environmental and energy crisis. Using chitosan, citric acid, pectin and phytic acid as raw materials, an all-biomass-based aerogel with high modulus was prepared by the triple strategy of ionic, physical and chemical cross-linking through directional freezing technique. Based on this three-dimensional network, the aerogel exhibited excellent compressive modulus (24.89 ± 1.76 MPa) over a wide temperature range and thermal insulation properties. In the presence of chitosan, citric acid and phytic acid, the aerogel obtained excellent fire safety (LOI value up to 31.2%) and antibacterial properties (antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli reached 81.98% and 67.43%). In addition, the modified aerogel exhibited excellent hydrophobicity (hydrophobic angle of 146°) and oil-water separation properties. More importantly, the aerogel exhibited a biodegradation rate of up to 40.31% for 35 days due to its all-biomass nature. This work provides a green and sustainable strategy for the production of highly environmentally friendly thermal insulation materials with high strength, flame retardant, antibacterial and hydrophobic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu An
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chang Ma
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ling Gong
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ning Li
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Xu Li
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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2
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Song X, Li Q, Han Z, Hou B, Pan YT, Geng Z, Zhang J, Haurie Ibarra L, Yang R. Synchronous modification of ZIF-67 with cyclomatrix polyphosphazene coating for efficient flame retardancy and mechanical reinforcement of epoxy resin. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 667:223-236. [PMID: 38636224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Cyclomatrix polyphosphazenes have attracted widespread attention in the field of polymer flame retardancy. Nevertheless, the optimal manifestation of their distinctive structural attributes and flame-retardant properties necessitates a judicious selection of condensation monomers and synergistic templates during the fabrication of polyphosphazene flame retardants. In our previous studies, it was discovered that when ZIF-67 is functionalized with polyphosphazene, the by-product HCl from phosphazene polycondensation causes etching on ZIF-67. Based on this "synchronous etching" effect, a series of hybrid materials comprising cyclomatrix polyphosphazene and ZIF-67, denoted as ZIF-67@PDS (PDS, poly-(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone)), ZIF-67@PBS (PBS, poly-(cyclotriphosphazene-co-Bisphenol A)), and ZIF-67@PZS (PZS, poly-(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol)), was synthesized utilizing DDS (4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone), BPA (Bisphenol A), and BPS (4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol) monomers as precursors, respectively. Upon the incorporation of 2.0 wt.% of ZIF-67@PDS, ZIF-67@PBS, and ZIF-67@PZS, the flame retardant and mechanical characteristics of EP composites exhibited marked enhancement. The unique structural characteristics of hybrid and the synergistic effects of Co-P-N contribute to the improvement of comprehensive properties. Compared with pure EP, EP/ZIF-67@PZS has the best enhancement effect, and its pHRR, THR, and TSP decreased by 34.0%, 30.0%, and 40.5%, respectively. In terms of mechanical strength, ZIF-67@PZS also increases the flexural strength of EP by 37.42%. Relying on the "synchronous etching" effect, this study explores and verifies the effective combination of ZIF-67 and different types of polyphosphazenes, and obtains a series of ZIF-67-derived cyclomatrix polyphosphazene hybrids with different morphologies and properties in one step. It provides a new idea and strategy for the simultaneous modification of polyphosphazene materials and the preparation of multifunctional flame retardants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Qianlong Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Zhengde Han
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Boyou Hou
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China; Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield 4300, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield 4300, Australia
| | - Ye-Tang Pan
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Zhishuai Geng
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Materials Design and Engineering Department, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Laia Haurie Ibarra
- School of Building Construction (EPSEB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Doctor Marañon 44, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rongjie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
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3
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Xiao XX, Zhang Q, Bai TY, Chen ZX, Wang ZN, Bai JH, Chen L, Liu BW, Wang YZ. Ultrahigh Heat/Fire-Resistant, Mechanically Robust, and Closed-Loop Chemical Recyclable Polycarbonate Enabled by Facile Bond Dissociation Energy Modulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401429. [PMID: 38808805 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Plastics serve as an essential foundation in contemporary society. Nevertheless, meeting the rigorous performance demands in advanced applications and addressing their end-of-life disposal are two critical challenges that persist. Here, an innovative and facile method is introduced for the design and scalable production of polycarbonate, a key engineering plastic, simultaneously achieving high performance and closed-loop chemical recyclability. The bisphenol framework of polycarbonate is strategically adjusted from the low-bond-dissociation-energy bisphenol A to high-bond-dissociation-energy 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, in combination with the incorporation of polysiloxane segments. As expected, the enhanced bond dissociation energy endows the polycarbonate with an extremely high glow-wire flammability index surpassing 1025 °C, a 0.8 mm UL-94 V-0 rating, a high LOI value of 39.2%, and more than 50% reduction of heat and smoke release. Furthermore, the π-π stacking interactions within biphenyl structures resulted in a significant enhancement of mechanical strength by as more as 37.7%, and also played a positive role in achieving a lower dielectric constant. Significantly, the copolymer exhibited outstanding closed-loop chemical recyclability, allowing for facile depolymerization into bisphenol monomers and the repolymerized copolymer retains its high heat and fire resistance. This work provides a novel insight in the design of high-performance and closed-loop chemical recyclable polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Xin Xiao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Tong-Yu Bai
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zi-Xun Chen
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zi-Ni Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jun-Hao Bai
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Li Chen
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Bo-Wen Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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4
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Qu M, Guo Y, Cai Y, Nie Z, Zhang C. Upgrading Polyolefin Plastic Waste into Multifunctional Porous Graphene using Silicone-Assisted Direct Laser Writing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310273. [PMID: 38794868 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The widespread use of plastics, especially polyolefin including polyethylene and polypropylene, has led to severe environmental crises. Chemical recycling, a promising solution for extracting value from plastic waste, however, is underutilized due to its complexity. Here, a simple approach, silicone-assisted direct laser writing (SA-DLW) is developed, to upgrade polyolefin plastic waste into multifunctional porous graphene, called laser-induced graphene (LIG). This method involves infiltrating polyolefins with silicone, which retards ablation during the DLW process and supplies additional carbon atoms, as confirmed by experimental and molecular dynamic results. A remarkable conversion yield of 38.3% is achieved. The upgraded LIG exhibited a porous structure and high conductivity, which is utilized for the fabrication of diverse energy and electronic devices with commendable performance. Furthermore, the SA-DLW technique is versatile for upgrading plastic waste in various types and forms. Upgrading plastic waste in the form of fabric has significantly simplified pre-treatment. Finally, a wearable flex sensor is fabricated on the non-woven fabric of a discarded medical mask, which is applied for gesture monitoring. This work offers a simple but effective solution to upgrade plastic waste into valuable products, contributing to the mitigation of environmental challenges posed by plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglong Qu
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Yani Guo
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Sinopec Nanjing Engineering & Construction Incorporation, Nanjing, 210049, China
| | - Yahan Cai
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Zhengwei Nie
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
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5
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Malucelli G. Nanostructured Flame-Retardant Layer-by-Layer Architectures for Cotton Fabrics: The Current State of the Art and Perspectives. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:858. [PMID: 38786814 PMCID: PMC11123715 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanotechnology represents a well-established approach, suitable for designing, producing, and applying materials to a broad range of advanced sectors. In this context, the use of well-suited "nano" approaches accounted for a big step forward in conferring optimized flame-retardant features to such a cellulosic textile material as cotton, considering its high ease of flammability, yearly production, and extended use. Being a surface-localized phenomenon, the flammability of cotton can be quite simply and effectively controlled by tailoring its surface through the deposition of nano-objects, capable of slowing down the heat and mass transfer from and to the textile surroundings, which accounts for flame fueling and possibly interacting with the propagating radicals in the gas phase. In this context, the layer-by-layer (LbL) approach has definitively demonstrated its reliability and effectiveness in providing cotton with enhanced flame-retardant features, through the formation of fully inorganic or hybrid organic/inorganic nanostructured assemblies on the fabric surface. Therefore, the present work aims to summarize the current state of the art related to the use of nanostructured LbL architectures for cotton flame retardancy, offering an overview of the latest research outcomes that often highlight the multifunctional character of the deposited assemblies and discussing the current limitations and some perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Malucelli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; ; Tel.: +39-0131229369
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
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6
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Fang DX, Chen MJ, Zeng FR, Guo SQ, He L, Liu BW, Huang SC, Zhao HB, Wang YZ. Self-evolutionary recycling of flame-retardant polyurethane foam enabled by controllable catalytic cleavage. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38742392 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00039k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) foams, pivotal in modern life, face challenges suh as fire hazards and environmental waste burdens. The current reliance of PU on potentially ecotoxic halogen-/phosphorus-based flame retardants impedes large-scale material recycling. Here, our demonstrated controllable catalytic cracking strategy, using cesium salts, enables self-evolving recycling of flame-retardant PU. The incorporation of cesium citrates facilitates efficient urethane bond cleavage at low temperatures (160 °C), promoting effective recycling, while encouraging pyrolytic rearrangement of isocyanates into char at high temperatures (300 °C) for enhanced PU fire safety. Even in the absence of halogen/phosphorus components, this foam exhibits a substantial increase in ignition time (+258.8%) and a significant reduction in total smoke release (-79%). This flame-retardant foam can be easily recycled into high-quality polyol under mild conditions, 60 °C lower than that for the pure foam. Notably, the trace amounts of cesium gathered in recycled polyols stimulate the regenerated PU to undergo self-evolution, improving both flame-retardancy and mechanical properties. Our controllable catalytic cracking strategy paves the way for the self-evolutionary recycling of high-performance firefighting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Xuan Fang
- College of Architecture and Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Ming-Jun Chen
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Fu-Rong Zeng
- College of Architecture and Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Shuai-Qi Guo
- College of Architecture and Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Lei He
- College of Architecture and Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Bo-Wen Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | | | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- College of Architecture and Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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7
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Liu Y, Xu S, Chen Q, Xu J, Sun B. Synergistic effect of modified anhydrous magnesium carbonate and hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene on flame retardancy of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15143-15154. [PMID: 38725564 PMCID: PMC11079627 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01669f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) is widely used in various applications; however, its flammability limits its application in wire and cable industries. In this study, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570) was successfully grafted onto the surface of anhydrous magnesium carbonate (AMC) by alkali activation treatment. The KH570 modified AMC (AMC@KH570) was then introduced into the EVA matrix along with hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) to assess their effects on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of EVA composites. The results illustrate a significant synergistic effect in enhancing the flame retardancy of EVA composites by using AMC@KH570 and HPCTP, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning test (UL-94) of EVA filled with 5 wt% HPCTP and 45 wt% AMC@KH570 (mAMC/H-45-5) reached 27.6% and V-0, respectively. The flame retardant mechanism was investigated by thermogravimetric/infrared (TG-IR) spectroscopy and residual carbon composition analysis. The results show that the thermal decomposition of AMC@KH570 and HPCTP consists of gas dilution, free radical quenching, and catalytic carbonization. Furthermore, KH570 works as a bridge to improve the compatibility of AMC and EVA matrix, which offsets the mechanical loss of EVA to some extent. The present research provides a new path to modify AMC and fabricate EVA composites with excellent flame retardant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shiai Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University Xining 810016 China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University Xining 810016 China
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8
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Zeng F, He L, Ma J, Fang D, Zeng Z, Bai T, Ding R, Liu B, Zhao H, Wang Y. Microcage flame retardants with complete recyclability and durability via reversible interfacial locking engineering. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1867-1876. [PMID: 38454889 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00116h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Flame retardants are effective in protecting materials from fire but pose environmental challenges due to limited recyclability. Urgently needed for circular material economy are new flame retardants that are chemically recyclable and durable. Here, we report a new facile and scalable strategy for engineering reversible microcages with infinite chemical recyclability to starting monomers, exceptional durability, and versatile flame retardancy. This is achieved through a highly synergistic hierarchical assembly of easily obtainable phosphoric acid and Cu2+ monomers. By leveraging dynamic reversible assembly networks, microcages can be circularly and infinitely dissociated into starting monomers via eco-friendly pH adjustment. Remarkable recovery rates of 92% for phosphoric acid and 96.2% for Cu2+ monomers are achieved, while the separated virgin matrix undergoes conventional chemical recycling, facilitating reformulation and seamless reintroduction into new supply chains as needed. Notably, when integrated with matrix-like surfaces, microcage clasp matrices tightly engage through in situ formed interfacial locking structures, showcasing outstanding flame-retardant efficiency, prolonged durability in hydrothermal aging, and extensive applicability across diverse polymeric materials such as polyurethane, epoxy resin, and polycarbonate. This study emphasizes a novel, straightforward, and scalable chemical platform, utilizing reversible interfacial locking engineering, for the development of flame retardants that are not only infinitely recyclable but also durable and broadly applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Zeng
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Lei He
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Jianwen Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Danxuan Fang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Zhiwei Zeng
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Tongyu Bai
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Rong Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Bowen Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Haibo Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Yuzhong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
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9
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Zhang L, Zhang AN, He SM, Zheng GQ, Zeng FR, Wang YZ, Liu BW, Zhao HB. Biomimetic Nanoporous Transparent Universal Fire-Resistant Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:19519-19528. [PMID: 38580622 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The inherent flammability of most polymeric materials poses a significant fire hazard, leading to substantial property damage and loss of life. A universal flame-retardant protective coating is considered as a promising strategy to mitigate such risks; however, simultaneously achieving high transparency of the coatings remains a great challenge. Here, inspired by the moth eye effect, we designed a nanoporous structure into a protective coating that leverages a hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactive assembly facilitated by phosphoric acid protonated amino siloxane. The coating demonstrates robust adhesion to a diverse range of substrates, including but not limited to fabrics, foams, paper, and wood. As expected, its moth-eye-inspired nanoporous structure conferred a high visible light transparency of >97% and water vapor transmittance of 96%. The synergistic effect among phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and silicon (Si) largely enhanced the char-forming ability and restricted the decomposition of the coated substrates, which successfully endowed the coating with high fire-fighting performance. More importantly, for both flexible and rigid substrates, the coated samples all possessed great mechanical properties. This work provides a new insight for the design of protective coatings, particularly focusing on achieving high transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ai-Ning Zhang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shuang-Mei He
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Guan-Qi Zheng
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fu-Rong Zeng
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bo-Wen Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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10
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Aguirresarobe R, Calafel I, Villanueva S, Sanchez A, Agirre A, Sukia I, Esnaola A, Saralegi A. Development of Flame-Retardant Polylactic Acid Formulations for Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1030. [PMID: 38674951 PMCID: PMC11053787 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymeric materials, renowned for their lightweight attributes and design adaptability, play a pivotal role in augmenting fuel efficiency and cost-effectiveness in railway vehicle development. The tailored formulation of compounds, specifically designed for additive manufacturing, holds significant promise in expanding the use of these materials. This study centers on poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a natural-based biodegradable polymeric material incorporating diverse halogen-free flame retardants (FRs). Our investigation scrutinizes the printability and fire performance of these formulations, aligning with the European railway standard EN 45545-2. The findings underscore that FR in the condensed phase, including ammonium polyphosphate (APP), expandable graphite (EG), and intumescent systems, exhibit superior fire performance. Notably, FR-inducing hydrolytic degradation, such as aluminum hydroxide (ATH) or EG, reduces polymer molecular weight, significantly impacting PLA's mechanical performance. Achieving a delicate balance between fire resistance and mechanical properties, formulations with APP as the flame retardant emerge as optimal. This research contributes to understanding the fire performance and printability of 3D-printed PLA compounds, offering vital insights for the rail industry's adoption of polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Aguirresarobe
- POLYMAT and Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (R.A.); (I.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Itxaso Calafel
- POLYMAT and Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (R.A.); (I.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Sara Villanueva
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Alberto Sanchez
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Amaia Agirre
- POLYMAT and Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (R.A.); (I.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Itxaro Sukia
- Department of Mechanics and Industrial Production, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, 20500 Arrasate-Mondragon, Spain; (I.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Aritz Esnaola
- Department of Mechanics and Industrial Production, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, 20500 Arrasate-Mondragon, Spain; (I.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Ainara Saralegi
- Group ‘Materials + Technologies’, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
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11
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Fang Y, Ma Z, Wei D, Yu Y, Liu L, Shi Y, Gao J, Tang LC, Huang G, Song P. Engineering Sulfur-Containing Polymeric Fire-Retardant Coatings for Fire-Safe Rigid Polyurethane Foam. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400068. [PMID: 38593218 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
With the advantages of lightweight and low thermal conductivity properties, polymeric foams are widely employed as thermal insulation materials for energy-saving buildings but suffer from inherent flammability. Flame-retardant coatings hold great promise for improving the fire safety of these foams without deteriorating the mechanical-physical properties of the foam. In this work, four kinds of sulfur-based flame-retardant copolymers are synthesized via a facile radical copolymerization. The sulfur-containing monomers serve as flame-retardant agents including vinyl sulfonic acid sodium (SPS), ethylene sulfonic acid sodium (VS), and sodium p-styrene sulfonate (VSS). Additionally, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate are employed to enable a strong interface adhesion with polymeric foams through interfacial H-bonding. By using as-synthesized waterborne flame-retardant polymeric coating with a thickness of 600 µm, the coated polyurethane foam (PUF) can achieve a desired V-0 rating during the vertical burning test with a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) of >31.5 vol%. By comparing these sulfur-containing polymeric fire-retardant coatings, poly(VS-co-HEA) coated PUF demonstrates the best interface adhesion capability and flame-retardant performance, with the lowest peak heat release rate of 166 kW m-2 and the highest LOI of 36.4 vol%. This work provides new avenues for the design and performance optimization of advanced fire-retardant polymeric coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Zhewen Ma
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Dewang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Youming Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266045, China
- Centre for Further Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD, 4300, Australia
| | - Yongqian Shi
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Jiefeng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Long-Cheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of MoE, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Guobo Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Pingan Song
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, 4300, Australia
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12
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Luo W, Chen MJ, Wang T, Feng JF, Fu ZC, Deng JN, Yan YW, Wang YZ, Zhao HB. Catalytic polymer self-cleavage for CO 2 generation before combustion empowers materials with fire safety. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2726. [PMID: 38548723 PMCID: PMC10978860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymeric materials, rich in carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen elements, present substantial fire hazards to both human life and property due to their intrinsic flammability. Overcoming this challenge in the absence of any flame-retardant elements is a daunting task. Herein, we introduce an innovative strategy employing catalytic polymer auto-pyrolysis before combustion to proactively release CO2, akin to possessing responsive CO2 fire extinguishing mechanisms. We demonstrate that potassium salts with strong nucleophilicity (such as potassium formate/malate) can transform conventional polyurethane foam into materials with fire safety through rearrangement. This transformation results in the rapid generation of a substantial volume of CO2, occurring before the onset of intense decomposition, effectively extinguishing fires. The inclusion of just 1.05 wt% potassium formate can significantly raise the limiting oxygen index of polyurethane foam to 26.5%, increase the time to ignition by 927%, and tremendously reduce smoke toxicity by 95%. The successful application of various potassium salts, combined with a comprehensive examination of the underlying mechanisms, underscores the viability of this strategy. This pioneering catalytic approach paves the way for the efficient and eco-friendly development of polymeric materials with fire safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Green Preparation and Recycling Laboratory of Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610039, China
| | - Ming-Jun Chen
- Green Preparation and Recycling Laboratory of Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610039, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Green Preparation and Recycling Laboratory of Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610039, China
| | - Jin-Feng Feng
- Green Preparation and Recycling Laboratory of Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610039, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Fu
- Green Preparation and Recycling Laboratory of Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610039, China
| | - Jin-Ni Deng
- Green Preparation and Recycling Laboratory of Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610039, China
| | - Yuan-Wei Yan
- Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China.
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13
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Shi X, Bi R, Wan Z, Jiang F, Rojas OJ. Solid Wood Modification toward Anisotropic Elastic and Insulative Foam-Like Materials. ACS NANO 2024; 18:7959-7971. [PMID: 38501309 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The methods used to date to produce compressible wood foam by top-down approaches generally involve the removal of lignin and hemicelluloses. Herein, we introduce a route to convert solid wood into a super elastic and insulative foam-like material. The process uses sequential oxidation and reduction with partial removal of lignin but high hemicellulose retention (process yield of 72.8%), revealing fibril nanostructures from the wood's cell walls. The elasticity of the material is shown to result from a lamellar structure, which provides reversible shape recovery along the transverse direction at compression strains of up to 60% with no significant axial deformation. The compressibility is readily modulated by the oxidation degree, which changes the crystallinity and mobility of the solid phase around the lumina. The performance of the highly resilient foam-like material is also ascribed to the amorphization of cellulosic fibrils, confirmed by experimental and computational (molecular dynamics) methods that highlight the role of secondary interactions. The foam-like wood is optionally hydrophobized by chemical vapor deposition of short-chained organosilanes, which also provides flame retardancy. Overall, we introduce a foam-like material derived from wood based on multifunctional nanostructures (anisotropically compressible, thermally insulative, hydrophobic, and flame retardant) that are relevant to cushioning, protection, and packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetong Shi
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ran Bi
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhangmin Wan
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Feng Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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14
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Yu X, Jin X, He Y, Yu Z, Zhang R, Qin D. Eco-friendly bamboo pulp foam enabled by chitosan and phytic acid interfacial assembly of halloysite nanotubes: Toward flame retardancy, thermal insulation, and sound absorption. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129393. [PMID: 38218301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Lightweight, porous cellulose foam is an attractive alternative to traditional petroleum-based products, but the intrinsic flammability impedes its use in construction. Herein, an environmentally friendly strategy for scalable fabrication of flame-retardant bamboo pulp foam (BPF) using a foam-forming technique followed by low-cost ambient drying is reported. In the process, a hierarchical structure of halloysite nanotubes (HNT) was decorated onto bamboo pulp fibers through layer-by-layer assembling of chitosan (CS) and phytic acid (PA). This modification retained the highly porous microcellular structure of the resultant BPF (92 %-98 %). It improved its compressive strength by 228.01 % at 50 % strain, endowing this foam with desired thermal insulation properties and sound absorption coefficient comparable to commercial products. More importantly, this foam possessed exceptional flame retardancy (47.05 % reduction in the total heat release and 95.24 % reduction in the total smoke production) in cone calorimetry, and it showed excellent extinguishing performance, indicating considerably enhanced fire safety. These encouraging results suggest that the flame retardant BPF has the potential to serve as a renewable and cost-effective alternative to traditional foam for applications in acoustic and thermal insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xiaobei Jin
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Ying He
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zixuan Yu
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Daochun Qin
- Sanya Research Base, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Sanya 572000, Hainan, China
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15
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Wang Q, Pan L, Bo R, Wang Y, Han Z. Modulating Thermal Conductivity and Flame Retardancy of Polyolefin Composites via Distributed Structures of Magnesium Hydroxide and Hexagonal Boron Nitride. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:646. [PMID: 38475329 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermally conductive and flame-retardant polyolefin composites are facing great challenges in meeting the increasing demands for fire safety and thermal management. Aiming at simultaneously enhancing thermal conductivity and flame retardancy, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and magnesium hydroxide (MH) were adopted in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer/polyolefin elastomer (EVA/POE) blends to design composites with selective filler distributions and co-continuous networks via different processing schemes. The thermal conductivity and flame retardancy show strong dependence on the distributed structure of hBN and MH. The composites with hBN-rich centers and MH-rich edges in the filled POE phase show a thermal conductivity of 0.70 W/(m·K) and an LOI of 27.7%, which are very close to the thermal conductivity of EVA/POE/hBN and the LOI of EVA/POE/MH at the same total filler content. The composites with MH-rich centers and hBN-rich edges show pHRR, THR and TSP values of 169 kW/m2, 49.8 MJ/m2 and 1.8 m2, which are decreased by 40%, 33% and 62% in comparison with EVA/POE/MH, respectively. Modulating the filler structure distribution provides a strategy to co-enhance thermal conductivity and flame retardancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Lin Pan
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Ruitian Bo
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Zhidong Han
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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16
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Yang X, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zou L, Xing X, Zhang K, Liu J, Liu X. Flame-Retardant Thermoplastic Polyether Ester/Aluminum Butylmethylphosphinate/Phenolphthalein Composites with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Antidripping. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:552. [PMID: 38399930 PMCID: PMC10892055 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aluminum butylmethylphosphinate AiBMP as a flame retardant and phenolphthalein as a synergistic agent were applied in a thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE)) in the current study. The thermal properties, flame retardancy, crystallization and mechanical properties of TPEE/AiMBP with or without phenolphthalein were investigated using various characterizations, including the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL 94), thermogravimetric analysis TG, differential scanning calorimetry, microcombustion calorimeter (MCC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mechanical tests. The results revealed that AiBMP alone is an efficient flame retardant of TPEE. Adding 15 wt.% AiBMP increases the LOI value of TPEE from 20% to 36%. The formula TPEE-15 AiBMP passed the UL 94 V-0 rating with no dripping occurring. The MCC test shows that AiBMP depresses the heat release of TPEE. In comparison with pure TPEE, the heat release rate at peak temperature and the heat release capacity of TPEE-15AiBMP are reduced by 46.1% and 55.5%, respectively. With the phenolphthalein added, the formula TPEE/13AiBMP/2Ph shows a higher char yield at high temperatures (>600 °C), and the char layer is stronger and more condensed than TPEE-15AiBMP.The tensile strength and elongation at break values of TPEE-13AiBMP-2Ph are increased by 29.63% and 4.8% in comparison with TPEE-15AiBMP. The SEM morphology of the fracture surface of the sample shows that phenolphthalein acts as a plasticizer to improve the dispersion of AiBMP within the matrix. The good char charming ability of phenolphthalein itself and improved dispersion of AiBMP make the TPEE composites achieve both satisfying flame retardancy and high mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Institute of Noise & Vibration, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Liyong Zou
- School of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xuesong Xing
- School of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Kangran Zhang
- School of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- School of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- School of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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17
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Fan S, Gao X, Yang X, Li X. Infusing phytate-based biomass flame retardants into the cellulose lumens of Chinese fir wood attains superior flame retardant efficacy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128975. [PMID: 38147971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
To be suitable for certain construction and furniture applications, wood must be treated with a flame retardant and impregnating flame retardants into the cellulose lumens of wood is an effective flame retardant method. Phytic acid, the main storage form of phosphorus in various plant tissues, is an inexpensive, and non-toxic biomaterial that shows potential applications as an environmentally friendly bio-based flame retardant. In this study, phytic acid and zinc phytate were used to impregnate delignified wood under vacuum and pressure, which greatly enhanced the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of Chinese fir, while still maintaining its original texture. Phytic acid and zinc phytate were hydrogen-bonded to cellulose in wood. Phytic acid and zinc phytate were hydrogen-bonded to cellulose in wood. The results showed that the total heat release (THR) of Chinese fir treated with zinc phytate decreased from 55.66 MJ/m2 to 5.90 MJ/m2, and a compact carbonized protective layer was quickly formed on the surface of Chinese fir after ignition. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the char yield of Chinese fir treated by the flame retardant was 177.6 % higher than that of untreated wood. This study provides an efficient, sustainable, and economical method to prepare Chinese fir with excellent flame retardancy and thermal insulation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Fan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xun Gao
- College of Architecture and Energy Engineering, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Xi Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Xianjun Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
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18
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Chang R, Hao P, Qu H, Xu J, Ma J. A fire resistant MXene-based flexible film with excellent Joule heating and electromagnetic interference shielding performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 654:437-445. [PMID: 37857096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Flexible films with thermal management capability and efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance are highly needed for electronic devices. Moreover, it remains difficult to integrate fire safety performance into the multifunctional film. Thus, a facile multi-interfacial engineering strategy was proposed to prepare a fire resistant MXene-based flexible film with excellent Joule heating and EMI Shielding performance. Specifically, the neighboring and interlayer MXene sheets were respectively bridged by graphene oxide and carbon nanotube via multiple physical and chemical interactions, thus formed a optimized hierarchical microstructure. The resultant film possessesd outstanding Joule heating performance including wide electrical-to-thermal temperature and sensitive conversion ability. Simultaneously, the film exhibited high EMI shielding efficiency (99.97%). Most significantly, after being burned up to 60 min, the film still maintained its flexibility and multifunctional perfprmance benefiting from a large expanded protective layer. The excellent fire resistance and multi-functions endowed the film wide application prospects in advanced electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chang
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Peng Hao
- Hebei Provincial Center for Optical Sensing Innovations, College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongqiang Qu
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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19
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Jia Y, Luo B, Lee SH, Huang H, Wu Z, Zhou B, Zhou X, Zhang J. Facile preparation of high-performance plywood adhesive from gelatinized corn starch crosslinked with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128548. [PMID: 38043656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
A flame retardant high-performance gelatinized starch (GS)-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) wood adhesive, named GS-ADP adhesive was prepared by condensation of GS and ADP under acidic condition. The preparation process of GS-ADP adhesive is very simple by mixing and stirring GS and ADP evenly at room temperature. The results revealed that the GS-ADP adhesive has good storage stability and water resistance, and its wet shear strength is much higher than that of phenolic resin (PF) adhesive. Markedly, the cone calorimeter test results show that G-ADP adhesive has good flame retardancy, and the plywood based on GS-ADP adhesive has good flame retardancy. Meanwhile, it can be seen from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) that GS-ADP has excellent modulus of elasticity (MOE), high glass transition temperature (Tg) and good thermal stability. The findings suggest that GS-ADP could be a viable substitute for PF resin in structural wood fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Jia
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Bei Luo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Seng Hua Lee
- Department of Wood Industry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Branch Campus Jengka, 26400 Bandar Tun Razak, Pahang, Malaysia; Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Heming Huang
- Kunming Xinfeilin wood-based panel Group Co., Ltd, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bei Zhou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
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20
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Ma X, Kang N, Zhang Y, Min Y, Yang J, Ban D, Zhao W. Enhancing Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression in Epoxy Resin Composites with Sulfur-Phosphorous Reactive Flame Retardant. Molecules 2023; 29:227. [PMID: 38202810 PMCID: PMC10780495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of massive amounts of toxic volatiles and smoke during combustion is a very serious problem facing epoxy resin (EP) composites. Therefore, flame retardants (FRs) can simultaneously enhance flame retardancy and reduce the release of smoke and fatal gases. Herein, a novel sulfur-phosphorous reactive flame retardant (SPMS) was synthesized for epoxy resin. The high efficiency of smoke suppression and flame retardancy of the EP/SPMS-APP hybrid was investigated using a cone calorimeter, a vertical burning test, and limited oxygen index measurements. Compared with those of pure EP, the composite with 20 wt% SPMS-APP reduced the peak heat release rate (pHRR), the peak smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke production rate (TSR) by 82%, 94%, and 84%, respectively. The results showed a remarkable suppressed effect of alleviating the fire hazard of EP using a sulfur-phosphorus flame retardant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulong Ma
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (X.M.); (J.Y.)
| | - Ni Kang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (X.M.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yonghang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (X.M.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yang Min
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (X.M.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jianhua Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (X.M.); (J.Y.)
| | - Daming Ban
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (X.M.); (J.Y.)
| | - Wei Zhao
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
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21
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Huang TT, Ning K, Zhao B. Two birds, one stone: Enhancement of flame retardancy and antibacterial property of viscose fabric using an aminoazole-based cyclotriphosphazene. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126875. [PMID: 37703968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the fire-retardant and antibacterial properties of viscose fabric through a simple strategy is crucial and urgent. In this study, an aminoazole-based cyclotriphosphazene (HATA) was designed and synthesized through nucleophilic substitution between hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. The application of a rapid dipping strategy and the use of 10 wt% HATA aqueous solution significantly increased the limiting oxygen index of the viscose fabric from 19.3 % to 28.4 %. In addition, the HATA-treated fabric exhibited self-extinguishing properties in vertical flame testing. The peak heat release rate of HATA-treated fabric, according to pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry, significantly decreased by over 83 %. The scanning electron microscope images revealed the original woven fabric structure after burning. The thermogravimetric infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirmed that the introduction HATA in viscose hindered the release of combustible gas and facilitated the formation of a protective char layer. In addition, 10 % HATA-viscose exhibited remarkable antimicrobial properties, achieving 99.96 % and 99.84 % antibacterial rates against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Furthermore, HATA-treated viscose fabric exhibited favorable mechanical performance, whiteness, and air permeability. This research provides a simple and effective flame-retardant and antibacterial treatment strategy for viscose fabric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Huang
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kai Ning
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
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22
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Bi QQ, Zhang L, Li Z, Tang E, Hu B, Tian S, Zeng Q, Hobson J, Wang DY. Tailored Catalysis Inducing Exceptionally Fire-Safe and Mechanically Reinforced Epoxy at An Ultralow Loading. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59838-59853. [PMID: 38105599 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
An unconventional P/N/Si-free fire safety of epoxy at an ultralow loading with a significantly improved mechanical robustness and toughness via a mere nanocomposite technique is a great challenge. To achieve the goal, a proof of concept is proposed associated with a hierarchical manipulation of catalysis-tailored FexSy ultrathin nanosheets on organic-layered double hydroxide (LDH-DBS@FexSy) toward the formation of porous piling structure via a self-sacrificing conversion of metal-organic framework. A sufficient characterization certified the targeted architecture and composition. A P/N/Si-free ultralow loading of 2 wt % LDH-DBS@FexSy (i.e., 0.6 wt % FexSy) imparted epoxy with UL-94 V-0 rating, a 36.1% reduction of peak heat release rate, as well as a pronounced fire-protection feature. A systematic contrastive investigation evidenced a time-dependent fire-shielding effect induced by a featured catalysis-tailored ultrafast charring behavior at the interface of epoxy and LDH nanosheets. Intriguingly, the tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength were simultaneously enhanced by 62.2, 185.4, and 62.9%, respectively, with a 0.6 wt % incorporation of FexSy hierarchy on the basis of a "root-soil"-inspired interfacial "interlocking" structure. In perspective, an integrated manipulation of an interface catalysis-tailored ultrafast charring and hierarchical "interlocking" construction offer an effective balance of the fire safety, mechanical robustness, and toughness of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Bi
- College of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
- China-Spain Collaborative Research Center for Advanced Materials (CSCRC), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- China-Spain Collaborative Research Center for Advanced Materials (CSCRC), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Zhi Li
- China-Spain Collaborative Research Center for Advanced Materials (CSCRC), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - En Tang
- China-Spain Collaborative Research Center for Advanced Materials (CSCRC), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Bingbing Hu
- China-Spain Collaborative Research Center for Advanced Materials (CSCRC), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Song Tian
- China-Spain Collaborative Research Center for Advanced Materials (CSCRC), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Qingwen Zeng
- Chongqing Polycomp International Corporation, Chongqing 400082, China
| | - Jose Hobson
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Dong S, Wang Y, Liu L, Jia H, Zang Y, Zu L, Lan T, Wang J. Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel DOPO-Based Flame Retardant Intermediate and Its Flame Retardancy as a Polystyrene Intrinsic Flame Retardant. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48825-48842. [PMID: 38162735 PMCID: PMC10753556 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The research on intrinsic flame retardant has become a hot topic in the field of flame retardant. The synthesis of reactive flame-retardant monomer is one of the effective methods to obtain an intrinsic flame retardant. In addition, in view of the small molecular flame retardant easily migrates from the polymer during the use process, which leads to the gradual reduction of the flame retardant effect and even the gradual loss of flame retardant performance, and the advantages of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technology in polymer structure design and function customization, we first synthesized reactive flame retardant monomer 6-(hydroxymethyl)dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide (FAA-DOPO), then synthesized polystyrene bromine (PS148-Br) macromolecular initiator by ATRP technology, and finally obtained block copolymer polystyrene-b-poly{6-(hydroxymethyl)dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide} (PS-b-PFAA-DOPO) by the polymerization of FAA-DOPO initiated by macromolecular initiator PS148-Br by ATRP technology. The chemical structure of FAA-DOPO was characterized by 1D and 2D NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT 135, HSQC, COSY, NOE, and HMBC) spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The chemical structure and molecular weight of PS-b-PFAA-DOPO were characterized by FTIR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermal and flame-retardant properties of PS-b-PFAA-DOPO were characterized by thermogravimetry analysis (TG), UL-94, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC). It was found that FAA-DOPO could be used as a monomer for polymerization, although FAA-DOPO had a large steric hindrance from the chemical structure of FAA-DOPO, the UL-94 grade of PS-b-PFAA-DOPO reached the V-0 grade, and the LOI increased by 59.12% compared with PS148-Br.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Dong
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast
Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, People’s
Republic of China
- Heilongjiang
Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yazhen Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast
Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, People’s
Republic of China
- Heilongjiang
Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Hongge Jia
- Heilongjiang
Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yu Zang
- Heilongjiang
Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Liwu Zu
- Heilongjiang
Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Lan
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast
Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, People’s
Republic of China
- Heilongjiang
Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast
Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, People’s
Republic of China
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24
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Awan IZ, Ho PH, Beltrami G, Fraisse B, Cacciaguerra T, Gaudin P, Tanchoux N, Albonetti S, Martucci A, Cavani F, Di Renzo F, Tichit D. Composition Effect on the Formation of Oxide Phases by Thermal Decomposition of CuNiM(III) Layered Double Hydroxides with M(III) = Al, Fe. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:83. [PMID: 38203936 PMCID: PMC10779612 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The thermal decomposition processes of coprecipitated Cu-Ni-Al and Cu-Ni-Fe hydroxides and the formation of the mixed oxide phases were followed by thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry analysis (TG - DTG) and in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) in a temperature range from 25 to 800 °C. The as-prepared samples exhibited layered double hydroxide (LDH) with a rhombohedral structure for the Ni-richer Al- and Fe-bearing LDHs and a monoclinic structure for the CuAl LDH. Direct precipitation of CuO was also observed for the Cu-richest Fe-bearing samples. After the collapse of the LDHs, dehydration, dehydroxylation, and decarbonation occurred with an overlapping of these events to an extent, depending on the structure and composition, being more pronounced for the Fe-bearing rhombohedral LDHs and the monoclinic LDH. The Fe-bearing amorphous phases showed higher reactivity than the Al-bearing ones toward the crystallization of the mixed oxide phases. This reactivity was improved as the amount of embedded divalent cations increased. Moreover, the influence of copper was effective at a lower content than that of nickel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Zubair Awan
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France; (I.Z.A.); (P.H.H.); (B.F.); (T.C.); (P.G.); (N.T.); (F.D.R.)
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.C.)
- Department Chemistry, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Phuoc Hoang Ho
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France; (I.Z.A.); (P.H.H.); (B.F.); (T.C.); (P.G.); (N.T.); (F.D.R.)
- Chemical Engineering, Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giada Beltrami
- Department Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; (G.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Bernard Fraisse
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France; (I.Z.A.); (P.H.H.); (B.F.); (T.C.); (P.G.); (N.T.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Thomas Cacciaguerra
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France; (I.Z.A.); (P.H.H.); (B.F.); (T.C.); (P.G.); (N.T.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Pierrick Gaudin
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France; (I.Z.A.); (P.H.H.); (B.F.); (T.C.); (P.G.); (N.T.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Nathalie Tanchoux
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France; (I.Z.A.); (P.H.H.); (B.F.); (T.C.); (P.G.); (N.T.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Stefania Albonetti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.C.)
- Center for Chemical Catalysis—C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Martucci
- Department Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; (G.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Cavani
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.C.)
- Center for Chemical Catalysis—C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Renzo
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France; (I.Z.A.); (P.H.H.); (B.F.); (T.C.); (P.G.); (N.T.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Didier Tichit
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France; (I.Z.A.); (P.H.H.); (B.F.); (T.C.); (P.G.); (N.T.); (F.D.R.)
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25
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Wang S, Ding R, Liang G, Zhang W, Yang F, Tian Y, Yu J, Zhang S, Ding B. Direct Synthesis of Polyimide Curly Nanofibrous Aerogels for High-Performance Thermal Insulation Under Extreme Temperature. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2313444. [PMID: 38114068 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining human body temperature is one of the basic needs for living, which requires high-performance thermal insulation materials to prevent heat exchange with external environment. However, the most widely used fibrous thermal insulation materials always suffer from the heavy weight, weak mechanical property, and moderate capacity to suppress heat transfer, resulting in limited personal cold and thermal protection performance. Here, an ultralight, mechanically robust, and thermally insulating polyimide (PI) aerogel is directly synthesized via constructing 3D interlocked curly nanofibrous networks during electrospinning. Controlling the solution/water molecule interaction enables the rapid phase inversion of charged jets, while the multiple jets are ejected by regulating charge density of the fluids, thus synergistically allowing numerous curly nanofibers to interlock and cross-link with each other to form porous aerogel structure. The resulted PI aerogel integrates the ultralight property with density of 2.4 mg cm-3 , extreme temperature tolerance (mechanical robustness over -196 to 300 °C), and thermal insulation performance with ultralow thermal conductivity of 22.4 mW m-1 K-1 , providing an ideal candidate to keep human thermal comfort under extreme temperature. This work can provide a source of inspiration for the design and development of nanofibrous aerogels for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Wang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ruida Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Guoqiang Liang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Fengjin Yang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yucheng Tian
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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Wang D, Shi S, Mao Y, Lei L, Fu S, Hu J. Biodegradable Dual-Network Cellulosic Composite Bioplastic Metafilm for Plastic Substitute. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310995. [PMID: 37899667 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
With the escalating environmental and health concerns over petroleum-based plastics, sustainable and biodegradable cellulosic materials are a promising alternative to plastics, yet remain unsatisfied properties such as fragility, inflammability and water sensitivity for practical usage. Herein, we present a novel dual-network design strategy to address these limitations and fabricate a high-performance cellulosic composite bioplastic metafilm with the exceptional mechanical toughness (23.5 MJ m-3 ), flame retardance, and solvent resistance by in situ growth of cyclotriphosphazene-bridged organosilica network within bacterial cellulose matrix. The phosphorus, nitrogen-containing organosilica network, verified by the experimental and theoretical results, plays a triple action on significantly enhancing tensile strength, toughness, flame retardance and water resistance of composite bioplastic metafilm. Furthermore, cellulosic bioplastic composite metafilm demonstrates a higher maximum usage temperature (245 °C), lower thermal expansion coefficient (15.19 ppm °C-1 ), and better solvent resistance than traditional plastics, good biocompatibility and natural biodegradation. Moreover, the composite bioplastic metafilm have a good transparency of average 74 % and a high haze over 80 %, which can serve as an outstanding substrate substitute for commercial polyethylene terephthalate film to address the demand of flexible ITO films. This work paves a creative way to design and manufacture the competitive bioplastic composite to replace daily-used plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yanyun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Leqi Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shaohai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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Hou Y, Gao M, Gao J, Zhao L, Teo EHT, Wang D, Qi HJ, Zhou K. 3D Printed Conformal Strain and Humidity Sensors for Human Motion Prediction and Health Monitoring via Machine Learning. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304132. [PMID: 37939292 PMCID: PMC10754119 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors have garnered considerable attention due to their flexibility and lightweight characteristics in the realm of healthcare applications. However, developing robust wearable sensors with facile fabrication and good conformity remains a challenge. In this study, a conductive graphene nanoplate-carbon nanotube (GC) ink is synthesized for multi jet fusion (MJF) printing. The layer-by-layer fabrication process of MJF not only improves the mechanical and flame-retardant properties of the printed GC sensor but also bolsters its robustness and sensitivity. The direction of sensor bending significantly impacts the relative resistance changes, allowing for precise investigations of joint motions in the human body, such as those of the fingers, wrists, elbows, necks, and knees. Furthermore, the data of resistance changes collected by the GC sensor are utilized to train a support vector machine with a 95.83% accuracy rate for predicting human motions. Due to its stable humidity sensitivity, the sensor also demonstrates excellent performance in monitoring human breath and predicting breath modes (normal, fast, and deep breath), thereby expanding its potential applications in healthcare. This work opens up new avenues for using MJF-printed wearable sensors for a variety of healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Hou
- HP‐NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate LabSchool of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- Singapore Centre for 3D PrintingSchool of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Ming Gao
- HP‐NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate LabSchool of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- Singapore Centre for 3D PrintingSchool of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Jingwen Gao
- Singapore Centre for 3D PrintingSchool of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Lihua Zhao
- HP‐NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate LabSchool of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- 3D LabHP LabsHP Inc.Palo AltoCA94304USA
| | - Edwin Hang Tong Teo
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - H. Jerry Qi
- The George Woodruff School of Mechanical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Kun Zhou
- HP‐NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate LabSchool of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- Singapore Centre for 3D PrintingSchool of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
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Yang T, Jiang C, Zhang L, Du Y, Fan J, Zhang L, Liang F. Waterproof and Flame-Retardant Fabric Coating with Nail-Tie Structure was Constructed by Janus Particles with Strong Mechanical, Physical, and Chemical Durability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54166-54175. [PMID: 37943181 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills are one of the most dangerous sources that cause serious environmental pollution and fire and explosion. In this work, multifunctional separator silica@polydivinylbenzene/poly 2,6-dimethyl-1, 4-phenyl ether (silica@PDVB/PPE) Janus particles were fabricated via seed emulsion polymerization, causing phase segregation as well as selective modification. The epoxy modified silica is partially covalently bonded to the fabric substrate surface by simple spraying to achieve a strong composite coating. The low surface energy PDVB/PPE forms a micronano rough layered surface, which can achieve a super hydrophobic and lipophile surface (WCA = 155°) and obtain a high flux separation of water and oil at 32,700 L·m-2·h-1. At the same time, the Janus composite fabric coating has the advantages of high heat resistance and flame retardant, which is realized by halogen-free flame-retardant unsaturated polyphosphate (PPE), making Janus fabric have potential value in separating oil-water mixtures and fire protection applications. In addition, the coating shows excellent chemical durability. After soaking in various aqueous solvents and organic solvents for 30 h, it can still maintain superhydrophobicity and flame retardant. The coating still has water repellency and flame retardant after 50 washings and mechanical wear and has good mechanical durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
| | - Chengzhen Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
| | - Linnan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
| | - Yi Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiangtao Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystal, College of Material Sciene and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Shenyang Key Laboratory for New Functional Coating Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Fuxin Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Li S, Wang C, Wang G, Wang Y, Han Z. Polycarbosilane/Divinylbenzene-Modified Magnesium Hydroxide to Enhance the Flame Retardancy of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4440. [PMID: 38006164 PMCID: PMC10675052 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermal decomposition product of magnesium hydroxide (MH) is magnesium oxide (MgO), which serves as the foundational material for fireproof layer construction in the condensed phase. However, the weak interaction force between particles of MgO generated by thermal decomposition leads to the insufficient strength and poor adhesion ability of the fireproof layer. The fireproof layer was easily damaged and detached in this study, resulting in the low flame-retardant efficiency of MH. In this work, polycarbosilane (PCS) and divinyl benzene (DVB) were used to modify MH, and EVA/MH/PCS/DVB composites were made via melt blending. The flame-retardant properties of EVA/MH/PCS/DVB were evaluated using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion (UL-94), and a cone calorimeter (CONE). The thermal stability of the composites and flame retardants was analyzed using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The char layer structure was observed and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The results indicate that the LOI of the EVA/MH/PCS/DVB with 50 wt.% flame retardants in total was as high as 65.1, which increased by 160% in comparison with EVA/MH. Furthermore, the total smoke production (TSP) of the EVA/MH/PCS/DVB composite decreased by 22.7% compared to EVA/MH/PCS; the thermal stability of the MH/PCS/DVB and EVA/MH/PCS/DVB improved to some extent; and the compact residual char after the combustion of EVA/MH/PCS/DVB had fewer cracks due to the adhesive effect induced by PCS/DVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Li
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China; (S.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China; (S.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Guodong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China; (S.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yongliang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China; (S.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhidong Han
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China; (S.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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Gong Y, Zhang J, Chen Y, Ouyang D, Chen M. Application of Polyethylene Glycol-Based Flame-Retardant Phase Change Materials in the Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4450. [PMID: 38006174 PMCID: PMC10675323 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Composite phase change materials commonly exhibit drawbacks, such as low thermal conductivity, flammability, and potential leakage. This study focuses on the development of a novel flame-retardant phase change material (RPCM). The material's characteristics and its application in the thermal management of lithium-ion batteries are investigated. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) serves as the medium for phase change; expanded graphite (EG) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are incorporated. Moreover, an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system based on ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is constructed, aided by the inclusion of bio-based flame-retardant chitosan (CS) and barium phytate (PA-Ba), which can improve the flame retardancy of the material. Experimental results demonstrate that the RPCM, containing 15% IFR content, exhibits outstanding flame retardancy, achieving a V-0 flame retardant rating in vertical combustion tests. Moreover, the material exhibits excellent thermomechanical properties and thermal stability. Notably, the material's thermal conductivity is 558% higher than that of pure PEG. After 2C and 3C high-rate discharge cycles, the highest temperature reached by the battery module cooled with RPCM is 18.71 °C lower than that of natural air-cooling; the material significantly reduces the temperature difference within the module by 62.7%, which achieves efficient and safe thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gong
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.)
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.)
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yin Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.)
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dongxu Ouyang
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mingyi Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.)
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Zhang M, Xue J, Zhang R, Zhang W, Peng Y, Wang M, Cao J. Mycelium Composite with Hierarchical Porous Structure for Thermal Management. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302827. [PMID: 37403285 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
High-performance porous materials with a low carbon footprint provide sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based lightweight foams and can help meet carbon neutrality goals. However, these materials generally face a trade-off between thermal management capabilities and structural strength. Here, a mycelium composite with a hierarchical porous structure, including both macro- and microscale pores, produced from multiple and advanced mycelial networks (elastic modulus of 1.2 GPa) binding loosely distributed sawdust is demonstrated. The morphological, biological, and physicochemical properties of the filamentous mycelium and composites are discussed in terms of how they are influenced by the mycelial system of the fungi and the way they interact with the substrate. The composite shows a porosity of 0.94, a noise reduction coefficient of 0.55 at a frequency range of 250-3000 Hz (for a 15 mm thick sample), a thermal conductivity of 0.042 W m-1 K-1 , and an energy absorption of 18 kJ m-3 at 50% strain. It is also hydrophobic, repairable, and recyclable. It is expected that the hierarchical porous structural composite with excellent thermal and mechanical properties can make a significant impact on the future development of highly sustainable alternatives to lightweight plastic foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Runhua Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yao Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhen Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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Shah AUR, Jalil A, Sadiq A, Alzaid M, Naseem MS, Alanazi R, Alanazi S, Alanzy AO, Alsohaimi IH, Malik RA. Effect of Rice Husk and Wood Flour on the Structural, Mechanical, and Fire-Retardant Characteristics of Recycled High-Density Polyethylene. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4031. [PMID: 37836079 PMCID: PMC10575034 DOI: 10.3390/polym15194031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the rising consumption of plastic products, it is becoming imperative to prioritize the recycling of plastic items as a solution to reducing plastic waste and environmental pollution. In this context, this research focuses on assessing the impact of incorporating rice husk and wood flour into recycled high-density polyethylene (rec-HDPE) to analyze its mechanical properties, flammability, and thermal stability. The combined rec-HDPE content of wood flour and rice husk varied between 0% and 20%. The rec-HDPE content of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) was fixed at 3%. Mechanical characteristics such as flexural, tensile, and impact strengths were assessed. Cone calorimetry (CC) tests, limited oxygen index (LOI) tests, and horizontal and vertical burning tests were performed to determine the flammability or fire retardancy of these composites. On the other hand, to characterize the thermal characteristics of these composites, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used. To further characterize the fluctuation in these characteristics, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies were carried out. The mechanical characteristics were found to be increased in response to adding rice husk or wood flour. An 8% increase in tensile strength and a 20% increase in elastic modulus enhancement were recorded for a 20% rice husk-added composite. SEM revealed the reason for the variation in tensile properties, based on the extent of agglomeration and the extent of uniform distribution of fillers in rec-HDPE. Following these lines, the 20% rice husk-added composite also showed a maximum increase of around 6% in its flexural strength and a maximum increase of 50% in its flexural modulus. A decrease in impact strength was recorded for rice husk and wood flour-reinforced composites, compared with unreinforced rec-HDPE. Hybrid composites displayed a lack of mechanical strength due to changes in their nature. FTIR tests were performed for a much more elaborate analysis to confirm these results. Twenty percent of rice husk-added rec-HDPE displayed the best thermal properties that were tested, based on TGA and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis. This 20% composite also displayed the best fire-retardancy characteristics according to UL 94 tests, cone calorimetry tests, and limited oxygen index tests, due to the barrier created by the silica protective layer. These tests demonstrated that the incorporation of both fillers-rice husk and wood flour-effectively enhanced the thermal, mechanical, and fire-retardant attributes of recycled HDPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atta Ur Rehman Shah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah Cantt 47040, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Jalil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, HITEC University, Taxila 47050, Pakistan
| | - Atiya Sadiq
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, HITEC University, Taxila 47050, Pakistan
| | - Meshal Alzaid
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia (A.O.A.)
| | - Muhammad Shoaib Naseem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah Cantt 47040, Pakistan
| | - Rakan Alanazi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia (A.O.A.)
| | - Sultan Alanazi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia (A.O.A.)
| | - Abdullatyf Obaid Alanzy
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia (A.O.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Hotan Alsohaimi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rizwan Ahmed Malik
- Department of Metallurgy & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan;
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Zhang J, Zeng F, Liu B, Wang Z, Lin X, Zhao H, Wang Y. A biomimetic closed-loop recyclable, long-term durable, extreme-condition resistant, flame-retardant nanocoating synthesized by reversible flocculation assembly. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4551-4561. [PMID: 37564015 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00720k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Flame-retardant coatings have attracted increasing attention in mitigating the fire threat of flammable polymer materials. Their durable application inevitably provides high resistance to various complex environments, however, discarded stable materials will turn into another man-made waste disaster. The paradigm shift toward a sustainable future is to combine durability and recyclability of coatings. Herein, we demonstrate a biomimetic coating that reversibly captures active flame-retardant nanomaterials by flocculation assembly using anionic polyacrylamide covering the polyurethane foam surface. Strong hydrogen bonding and microstructural interlocking provide the coating with high durability under complex harsh conditions (underwater, chemical exposure, hydrothermal aging, long-term external extrusion, etc.). Meanwhile, the disassembly/reorganization of the coating can be easily repeated in response to pH stimulation with a recycling rate of 97%. The experiments and theoretical calculations reveal the mechanism of the reversible flocculation assembly. This biomimetic strategy of responsive flocculation assembly opens the way for functional coatings with integrated durability and recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Zhang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Furong Zeng
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Bowen Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Zihao Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Xincen Lin
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Haibo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Yuzhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610064, China.
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Shi C, Wan M, Qian X, Jing J, Zhou K. Zinc Hydroxystannate/Carbon Nanotube Hybrids as Flame Retardant and Smoke Suppressant for Epoxy Resins. Molecules 2023; 28:6820. [PMID: 37836664 PMCID: PMC10574770 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel hybrid flame retardants containing zinc hydroxystannate and carbon nanotubes (ZHS-CNTs) were synthesized using the coprecipitation method, and the structure and morphology of ZHS-CNTs were investigate using an X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Then, the ZHS, CNTs and ZHS-CNTs were incorporated into EP, respectively, and the flame-retardant and smoke inhibition performance of the composites were compared and studied. Among the three composites, the EP/ZHS-CNT composites have the highest improvements on the fire resistance and smoke inhibition properties. With only 2.0 wt.% ZHS-CNT hybrids, the pHRR of EP/ZHS-CNT composite materials is reduced by 34.2% compared with EP. Moreover, the release of toxic gases including CO, CO2 and SPR from the composites was also effectively inhibited. The mechanisms of flame retardant and smoke inhibition were investigated and the improved properties were generally ascribed to the synergistic flame-retardant effects between ZHS and CNTs, the catalyzing effect of ZHS and the stable network structure of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congling Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation Safety, China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Mei Wan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation Safety, China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaodong Qian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation Safety, China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jingyun Jing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation Safety, China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Keqing Zhou
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
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Gu S, Xiao YF, Tan SH, Liu BW, Guo DM, Wang YZ, Chen L. Neighboring Molecular Engineering in Diels-Alder Chemistry Enabling Easily Recyclable Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202312638. [PMID: 37759361 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Although a variety of dynamic covalent bonds have been successfully used in the development of diverse sustainable thermosetting polymers and their composites, solving the trade-off between recovery efficiency and comprehensive properties is still a major challenge. Herein, a "one-stone-two-birds" strategy of lower rotational energy barrier (Er ) phosphate-derived Diels-Alder (DA) cycloadditions was proposed for easily recyclable carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced epoxy resins (EPs) composites. In such a strategy, the phosphate spacer with lower Er accelerated the segmental mobility and dynamic DA exchange reaction for network rearrangement to achieve high-efficiency repairing, reprocessing of the EPs matrix and its composites and rapid nondestructive recycling of CF; meanwhile, incorporating phosphorus-based units especially reduced their fire hazards. The resulting materials simultaneously showed excellent thermal/mechanical properties, superb fire safety and facile recyclability, realizing the concept of recycling for high-performance thermosetting polymers and composites. This strategy is of great significance for understanding and enriching the molecular connotation of DA chemistry, making it potentially applicable to the design and development of a wide range of dynamic covalent adaptable materials toward practical cutting-edge-tech applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xiao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Shi-Huan Tan
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Bo-Wen Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - De-Ming Guo
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Li Chen
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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36
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Zhao Y, Zeng Q, Lai X, Li H, Zhao Y, Li K, Jiang C, Zeng X. Multifunctional cellulose-based aerogel for intelligent fire fighting. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 316:121060. [PMID: 37321743 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional biomass-based aerogels with mechanically robust and high fire safety are urgently needed for the development of environmentally-friendly intelligent fire fighting but challenging. Herein, a novel polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ)/cellulose/MXene composite aerogel (PCM) with superior comprehensive performance was fabricated by ice-induced assembly and in-situ mineralization. It exhibited light weight (16.2 mg·cm-3), excellent mechanical resilience, and rapidly recovered after being subjected to the pressure of 9000 times of its own weight. Moreover, PCM demonstrated outstanding thermal insulation, hydrophobicity and sensitive piezoresistive sensing. In addition, benefiting from the synergism of PMSQ and MXene, PCM displayed good flame retardancy and improved thermostability. The limiting oxygen index of PCM was higher than 45.0 %, and it quickly self-extinguished after being removed away from fire. More importantly, the rapid electrical resistance reduction of MXene at high temperature endowed PCM with sensitive fire-warning capability (trigger time was less than 1.8 s), which provided valuable time for people to evacuate and relief. This work provides new insights for the preparation and application of the next-generation high performance biomass-based aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, No 381, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qingtao Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, No 381, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuejun Lai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, No 381, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Hongqiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, No 381, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, No 381, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kunquan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Changcheng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, No 381, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xingrong Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, No 381, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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37
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Luo Y, Geng Z, Zhang W, He J, Yang R. Strategy for Constructing Phosphorus-Based Flame-Retarded Polyurethane Elastomers for Advanced Performance in Long-Term. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3711. [PMID: 37765565 PMCID: PMC10537912 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane elastomer (PUE), which is widely used in coatings for construction, transportation, electronics, aerospace, and other fields, has excellent physical properties. However, polyurethane elastomers are flammable, which limits their daily use, so the flame retardancy of polyurethane elastomers is very important. Reactive flame retardants have the advantages of little influence on the physical properties of polymers and low tendency to migrate out. Due to the remarkable needs of non-halogenated flame retardants, phosphorus flame retardant has gradually stood out as the main alternative. In this review, we focus on the fire safety of PUE and provide a detailed overview of the current molecular design and mechanisms of reactive phosphorus-containing, as well as P-N synergistic, flame retardants in PUE. From the structural characteristics, several basic aspects of PUE are overviewed, including thermal performance, combustion performance, and mechanical properties. In addition, the perspectives on the future advancement of phosphorus-containing flame-retarded polyurethane elastomers (PUE) are also discussed. Based on the past research, this study provides prospects for the application of flame-retarded PUE in the fields of self-healing materials, bio-based materials, wearable electronic devices, and solid-state electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhishuai Geng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Qian X, Mu N, Zhao X, Shi C, Jiang S, Wan M, Yu B. Novel self-healing and recyclable fire-retardant polyvinyl alcohol/borax hydrogel coatings for the fire safety of rigid polyurethane foam. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6097-6107. [PMID: 37526969 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00709j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) has attracted great attention as an insulation material, but its inherent flammability restricts its practical application. Developing a sustainable fire-retardant strategy that can improve its fire safety is particularly desirable and challenging. Herein, novel fire-retardant hydrogel coatings based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and borax are proposed and applied in RPUF, and the self-healing, recyclability and flame retardant properties of the coatings are investigated. The dynamic and reversible cross-linked networks based on the borate ester bonds and hydrogen bonds endow the hydrogels with excellent repairability, recyclability, and elasticity. Compared with a neat RUPF, the coated RPUF exhibited improved fire-retardant properties without the inherent advantages being influenced and can be reflected by the 8% increase in the limiting oxygen index (LOI), 20% reduction in total heat release (THR), and 25% decrease in total smoke production (TSP) with the coatings, along with a rapid self-quenching behavior. The novel hydrogel coatings provide a new strategy for the development of flame-retardant coatings, demonstrating the potential of the next generation of self-healing hydrogel coatings to reduce the fire risk of the RPUF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Qian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation Safety, China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Nire Mu
- Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, School of Mechanicaland Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
| | - Xiaojiong Zhao
- Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, School of Mechanicaland Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
| | - Congling Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation Safety, China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Saihua Jiang
- Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, School of Mechanicaland Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
| | - Mei Wan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation Safety, China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Hu F, Cheng B, Cong K, Li D, Zhang W, Qin Z, Yang R. Enhancing Char Formation and Flame Retardancy of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA)/Aluminum Hydroxide (ATH) Composites by Grafting Ladder Phenyl/Vinyl Polysilsesquioxane (PhVPOSS). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3312. [PMID: 37571206 PMCID: PMC10422530 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ladder phenyl/vinyl polysilsesquioxane (PhVPOSS) was used to improve the flame-retardancy performances of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)/aluminum hydroxide (ATH) composites due to the reactivity of its vinyl groups. FTIR, XPS, 1H NMR, and SEM-EDS data demonstrated the PhVPOSS grafting onto EVA molecular chains. The PhVPOSS improved the thermal stability of EVA/ATH composites, as shown by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, with the cone calorimeter (CONE) experiments, EVA/ATH/PhVPOSS showed better fire safety than the EVA/ATH composites, with the PHRR, PSPR, and PCOP reduced by 7.89%, 57.4%, and 90.9%, respectively. The mechanism investigations of flame retardancy revealed that the charring behaviors of the EVA/ATH/PhVPOSS composites were improved by the formation of Si-C bonds and Si-O bonds, and a more compact and denser char layer can contribute more to the barrier effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (F.H.)
- SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (F.H.)
| | - Kun Cong
- China Petroleum Engineering & Construction Corporation, Beijing 100120, China
| | - Dinghua Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (F.H.)
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (F.H.)
| | - Zhaolu Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (F.H.)
| | - Rongjie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (F.H.)
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Xiang S, Feng J, Yang H, Feng X. Synthesis and Applications of Supramolecular Flame Retardants: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5518. [PMID: 37513390 PMCID: PMC10383342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of different efficient flame retardants (FRs) to improve the fire safety of polymers has been a hot research topic. As the concept of green sustainability has gradually been raised to the attention of the whole world, it has even dominated the research direction of all walks of life. Therefore, there is an urgent calling to explore the green and simple preparation methods of FRs. The development of supramolecular chemistry in the field of flame retardancy is expanding gradually. It is worth noting that the synthesis of supramolecular flame retardants (SFRs) based on non-covalent bonds is in line with the current concepts of environmental protection and multi-functionality. This paper introduces the types of SFRs with different dimensions. SFRs were applied to typical polymers to improve their flame retardancy. The influence on mechanical properties and other material properties under the premise of flame retardancy was also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Xiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaming Feng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
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Lan J, Li D, Zhong W, Luo W, Zhang H, Chen M. Bio-Inspired Iron-Loaded Polydopamine Functionalized Montmorillonite as an Environmentally Friendly Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin. Molecules 2023; 28:5354. [PMID: 37513227 PMCID: PMC10383249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important thermosetting material, flame-retardant epoxy resin has various applications in the aerospace, chemical, and electronics industry, and other fields. However, the flame retardancy of epoxy resins is often improved at the expense of mechanical performance. The contradiction between flame retardancy and mechanical properties seriously impedes the practical applications of epoxy resin (EP). Herein, iron-loaded polydopamine functionalized montmorillonite (D-Mt-Fe3+), which was prepared by dopamine, iron chloride and montmorillonite in an aqueous solution, was introduced to prepare iron-loaded polydopamine functionalized montmorillonite/epoxy resin composites (D-Mt-Fe3+/EP). As expected, D-Mt-Fe3+/EP-10 with 10 phr of D-Mt-Fe3+ passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, achieved a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 31.0% and reduced the smoke production rate (SPR) and total smoke production (TSP), indicating that the introduction of D-Mt-Fe3+ could endow EP with satisfactory flame retardancy through the radical scavenging function of dopamine in the gas phase and the catalytic charring effect of iron ions, respectively. Encouragingly, the mechanical property was also enhanced with the flexural strength increased by 25.5%. This work provided an attractive strategy for improving both the mechanical properties and fire resistance of EP, which greatly broadened their applications in the chemical industry and electronics field, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashui Lan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Research and Development Department, Waexim (Xiamen) New Materials Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Dingsi Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Research and Development Department, Waexim (Xiamen) New Materials Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Wenhui Luo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Huagui Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Mingfeng Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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Zou T, Kang L, Zhang D, Li J, Zheng Z, Peng X. Polyethylene Terephthalate Composite Films with Enhanced Flame Retardancy and Gas Barrier Properties via Self-Assembly Nanocoating. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2018. [PMID: 37446534 DOI: 10.3390/nano13132018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The flammability and gas barrier properties are essential for package material. Herein, a highly-oriented self-assembly nanocoating composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and montmorillonite (MMT) was prepared for endowing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films with excellent flame retardancy and gas barrier properties. The specific regular nanosheet structure of the PVA/MMT composite nanocoating was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the vertical burning test (VBT) suggested that the thermal stability and flame-retardancy of the coated PET films were considerably improved with more pick-up of the resulting nanocoating. When reaching 650 °C, there was still 22.6% char residual left for coated PET film, while only 6% char residual left for pristine PET film. During the vertical burning test, the flame did not spread through the whole PET film with the protection of PVA/MMT nanocoating, and no afterflame was observed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is consistent with vertical burning test, proving that the thermal stability and flame retardancy of coated PET films were considerably enhanced with the increment of PVA/MMT. Thanks to the multi-layer structure, PVA/MMT nanocoating could effectively improve the gas barrier properties of PET films, and the oxygen vapor transmittance rate and water vapor transmittance rate of PET films were more than four hundred times lower and 30% lower than those of neat PET film. Our work demonstrates that bi-functional flame retardant and gas barrier materials could be gained via constructing inorganic/organic highly-oriented self-assembly nanocoating, which is promising in the area of packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Kang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory of High Performance Concrete, Shaanxi Railway Institute, Weinan 714099, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongqiao Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering (South China University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jieyi Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zefeng Zheng
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohong Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Zhang T, Xie H, Xie S, Hu A, Liu J, Kang J, Hou J, Hao Q, Liu H, Ji H. A Superior Two-Dimensional Phosphorus Flame Retardant: Few-Layer Black Phosphorus. Molecules 2023; 28:5062. [PMID: 37446723 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The usage of flame retardants in flammable polymers has been an effective way to protect both lives and material goods from accidental fires. Phosphorus flame retardants have the potential to be follow-on flame retardants after halogenated variants, because of their low toxicity, high efficiency and compatibility. Recently, the emerging allotrope of phosphorus, two-dimensional black phosphorus, as a flame retardant has been developed. To further understand its performance in flame-retardant efficiency among phosphorus flame retardants, in this work, we built model materials to compare the flame-retardant performances of few-layer black phosphorus, red phosphorus nanoparticles, and triphenyl phosphate as flame-retardant additives in cellulose and polyacrylonitrile. Aside from the superior flame retardancy in polyacrylonitrile, few-layer black phosphorus in cellulose showed the superior flame-retardant efficiency in self-extinguishing, ~1.8 and ~4.4 times that of red phosphorus nanoparticles and triphenyl phosphate with similar lateral size and mass load (2.5~4.8 wt%), respectively. The char layer in cellulose coated with the few-layer black phosphorus after combustion was more continuous and smoother than that with red phosphorus nanoparticles, triphenyl phosphate and blank, and the amount of residues of cellulose coated with the few-layer black phosphorus in thermogravimetric analysis were 10 wt%, 14 wt% and 14 wt% more than that with red phosphorus nanoparticles, triphenyl phosphate and blank, respectively. In addition, although exothermic reactions, the combustion enthalpy changes in the few-layer black phosphorus (-127.1 kJ mol-1) are one third of that of red phosphorus nanoparticles (-381.3 kJ mol-1). Based on a joint thermodynamic, spectroscopic, and microscopic analysis, the superior flame retardancy of the few-layer black phosphorus was attributed to superior combustion reaction suppression from the two-dimensional structure and thermal nature of the few-layer black phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huanyu Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shuai Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ajuan Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jie Hou
- School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Qing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hengxing Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Shao M, Shi Y, Liu J, Xue B, Niu M. Cooperative Effect of Ni-Decorated Monolayer WS 2, NiO, and AC on Improving the Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Property of Polypropylene Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2791. [PMID: 37447438 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the residual char of polypropylene (PP) is difficult due to the preferential complete combustion. Here, we designed a combination catalyst that not only provides physical barrier effects, but also dramatically promotes catalytic charring activity. We successfully synthesized WS2 monolayer sheets decorated with isolated Ni atoms that bond covalently to sulfur vacancies on the basal planes via thiourea. Subsequently, PP blends composed of 8 wt.% Ni-decorated WS2, NiO, and activated carbon (AC) were obtained (ENi-SWS2-AC-PP). Combining the physical barrier effects of WS2 monolayer sheets with the excellent catalytic carbonization ability of the ENi-SWS2-AC combination catalyst, the PP blends showed a remarkable improvement in flame retardancy, with the yield of residual char reaching as high as 41.6 wt.%. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations, it was revealed that the microstructure of residual char contained a large number of carbon nanotubes. The production of a large amount of residual char not only reduced the release of pyrolytic products, but also formed a thermal shield preventing oxygen and heat transport. Compared to pure PP, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release rate (THR) of ENi-SWS2-AC-PP were reduced by 46.32% and 26.03%, respectively. Furthermore, benefiting from the highly dispersed WS2, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of ENi-SWS2-AC-PP showed similar values to pure PP, without sacrificing the toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Shao
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yiran Shi
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Baoxia Xue
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Mei Niu
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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Nafady A, Alothman AA, Shaikh SF. Fabrication of photoluminescent electrically conductive and flame-retardant cellulose fabric incorporating polyaniline/strontium aluminate nanocomposite for a plethora of useful applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125384. [PMID: 37330101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The pad dry cure method was used to coat linen fibers with a smart nanocomposite that has photoluminescence, electrical conductivity, flame resistance, and hydrophobic properties. Environmentally benign silicone rubber (RTV) was utilized to encapsulate nanoparticles of rare-earth activated strontium aluminate nanoparticles (RESAN; 10-18 nm), polyaniline (PANi) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) into linen surface. The flame resistance of the treated linen fabrics was evaluated for their self-extinguishing capabilities. The flame-retardant qualities of linen were retained for 24 washings. Additionally, the superhydrophobicity of the treated linen has marked improved upon increasing the concentration of RESAN. The colorless luminous film deposited onto linen surface was excited at 365 nm and emitted a wavelength of 518 nm. In accordance with the results of CIE (Commission internationale de l'éclairage) Lab and luminescence analysis, the photoluminescent linen gave rise to diverse colors, including off-white in daylight, green beneath UV radiation and greenish-yellow in a darkened room. The treated linen displayed sustained phosphorescence, as evidenced by decay time spectroscopy. The bending length and air permeability of linen were evaluated for their mechanical and comfort assessment. Finally, the coated linens exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity along with strong UV protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Asma A Alothman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shoyebmohamad F Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Pielichowska K, Paprota N, Pielichowski K. Fire Retardant Phase Change Materials-Recent Developments and Future Perspectives. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4391. [PMID: 37374574 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of thermal energy in the form of latent heat of phase transition using phase change materials (PCMs) is one of the most attractive and studied research areas with huge application potential in both passive and active technical systems. The largest and most important group of PCMs for low-temperature applications are organic PCMs, mainly paraffins, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and polymers. One of the major disadvantages of organic PCMs is their flammability. In many applications such as building, battery thermal management, and protective insulations, the crucial task is to reduce the fire risk of flammable PCMs. In the last decade, numerous research works have been performed to reduce the flammability of organic PCMs, without losing their thermal performance. In this review, the main groups of flame retardants, PCMs flame retardation methods as well as examples of flame-retarded PCMs and their application areas were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Pielichowska
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Paprota
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pielichowski
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
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Huang Z, Li F, Huang M, Meng W, Rao W, Lei Y, Yu C. Preparation of Naphthalene-Based Flame Retardant for High Fire Safety and Smoke Suppression of Epoxy Resin. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114287. [PMID: 37298763 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the current challenges in the development of flame retardants is the preparation of an environmentally friendly multi-element synergistic flame retardant to improve the flame retardancy, mechanical performance, and thermal performance of composites. This study synthesized an organic flame retardant (APH) using (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (KH-550), 1,4-phthalaadehyde, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) as raw materials, through the Kabachnik-Fields reaction. Adding APH to epoxy resin (EP) composites could greatly improve their flame retardancy. For instance, UL-94 with 4 wt% APH/EP reached the V-0 rating and had an LOI as high as 31.2%. Additionally, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), average heat release rate (AvHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke produced (TSP) of 4% APH/EP were 34.1%, 31.8%, 15.2%, and 38.4% lower than EP, respectively. The addition of APH improved the mechanical performance and thermal performance of the composites. After adding 1% APH, the impact strength increased by 15.0%, which was attributed to the good compatibility between APH and EP. The TG and DSC analyses revealed that the APH/EP composites that incorporated rigid naphthalene ring groups had higher glass transition temperatures (Tg) and a higher amount of char residue (C700). The pyrolysis products of APH/EP were systematically investigated, and the results revealed that flame retardancy of APH was realized by the condensed-phase mechanism. APH has good compatibility with EP, excellent thermal performance, enhanced mechanical performance and rational flame retardancy, and the combustion products of the as-prepared composites complied with the green and environmental protection standards which are also broadly applied in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin 541004, China
| | - Fangli Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin 541004, China
| | - Mingyan Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin 541004, China
| | - Wenqiao Meng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin 541004, China
| | - Wenhui Rao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yuan Lei
- China Antimony Corporation, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Chuanbai Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin 541004, China
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48
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Chi C, He S, Peng C, Zeng B, Xia L, Miao Z, Xu H, Wang S, Chen G, Dai L. LDH@Boronate Polymer Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Nanostructure Design for Synergistically Enhancing the Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092198. [PMID: 37177344 PMCID: PMC10181304 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a promising nanofiller, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) can advance the fire safety of epoxy resin (EP), but so far, due to the problems of dispersion and low efficiency, it has still been a challenge to incorporate the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of EP nanocomposites effectively under the circumstance of a low additive amount. In this work, we take LDHs as the template, via the adsorption of a catechol group and the condensation polymerization between catechol groups and phenylboric acid groups, to prepare a core-shell structured nanoparticle LDH@BP, which contains rich flame-retardant elements. EP/LDH@BP nanocomposites were prepared by introducing LDH@BP into EP. The experimental results indicate that, compared with the original LDH, LDH@BP disperses uniformly in the EP matrix, and the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of EP/LDH@BP are significantly improved. At a relatively low content (5 wt%), EP/LDH@BP reached the rating of V-0 in the UL-94 test, LOI was increased to 29.1%, and peak heat release rate (PHRR) was reduced by 35.9% in cone calorimeter tests, which effectively inhibited the release of heat and toxic smoke during the combustion process of EP. Simultaneously, the mechanical properties of EP/LDH@BP have been improved satisfactorily. The above results derive from the reasonable architectural design of organic-inorganic nano-hybrid flame retardants and provide a novel method for the construction of efficient and balanced EP nanocomposite system with LDHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Siyuan He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chaohua Peng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Birong Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Long Xia
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhongxi Miao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shuchuan Wang
- T&H Novel Materials Co., Ltd., Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Guorong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lizong Dai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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49
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Wang L, Lin X, Li J, Yang H, Feng X, Wan C. Konjac Glucomannan Aerogels Modified by Hydrophilic Isocyanate and Expandable Graphite with Excellent Hydrolysis Resistance, Mechanical Strength, and Flame Retardancy. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37141322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
At present, biomass foamlike materials are a hot research topic, but they need to be improved urgently due to their defects such as large size shrinkage rate, poor mechanical strength, and easy hydrolysis. In this study, the novel konjac glucomannan (KGM) composite aerogels modified with hydrophilic isocyanate and expandable graphite were prepared by a facile vacuum freeze-drying method. Compared with the unmodified KGM aerogel, the volume shrinkage of the KGM composite aerogel (KPU-EG) decreased from 36.36 ± 2.47% to 8.64 ± 1.46%. Additionally, the compressive strength increased by 450%, and the secondary repeated compressive strength increased by 1476%. After soaking in water for 28 days, mass retention after hydrolysis of the KPU-EG aerogel increased from 51.26 ± 2.33% to more than 85%. The UL-94 vertical combustion test showed that the KPU-EG aerogel can achieve a V-0 rating, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the modified aerogel can reach up to 67.3 ± 1.5%. To sum up, the cross-linking modification of hydrophilic isocyanate can significantly improve the mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and hydrolysis resistance of KGM aerogels. We believe that this work can provide excellent hydrolytic resistance and mechanical properties and has broad application prospects in practical packaging, heat insulation, sewage treatment, and other aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsheng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaming Feng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chaojun Wan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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50
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Shao M, Li Y, Shi Y, Liu J, Xue B, Niu M. Synergistic Effect of Activated Carbon, NiO and Al 2O 3 on Improving the Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092135. [PMID: 37177281 PMCID: PMC10180888 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to enhance the char yields of polypropylene (PP) due to the preferential complete combustion. Successful formation of abundant char layer structure of PP upon flammability was obtained due to the synergistic effect of NiO, Al2O3 and activated carbon (AC). From characterization of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it was revealed that the microstructure of residual char contained large amount of carbon nanotubes. Compared to the modification of AC, NiO and Al2O3 alone, the combination of AC, NiO and Al2O3 dramatically promotes the charring ability of PP. In the case of AC and NiO, NiO plays a role of dehydrogenation, resulting in the degradation product, while AC mainly acts as carbonization promoter. The addition of Al2O3 results in higher dispersion and smaller particle size of NiO, leading to greater exposure of active sites of NiO and higher dehydrogenation and carbonization activity. Compared to the neat PP, the decomposition temperature of the PP modified by combined AC, NiO and Al2O3 was increased by 90 ℃. The yield of residual char of AC-5Ni-Al-PP reached as high as 44.6%. From the cone calorimeter test, the heat release rate per unit area (HRR) and total heat release per unit area (THR) of PP composite follows the order AC-5Ni-Al-PP < AC-10Ni-Al-PP < AC-Ni-PP < AC-15Ni-Al-PP < AC-1Ni-Al-PP. Compared to the neat PP, the peak of HRR declined by 73.8%, 72.7%, 71.3%, 67.6% and 62.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Shao
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yiran Shi
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China
| | - Baoxia Xue
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China
| | - Mei Niu
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China
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