1
|
Jiang Y, Lao J, Dai G, Ye Z. Advanced Insights on MXenes: Categories, Properties, Synthesis, and Applications in Alkali Metal Ion Batteries. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38781048 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The development and optimization of promising anode material for next-generation alkali metal ion batteries are significant for clean energy evolution. 2D MXenes have drawn extensive attention in electrochemical energy storage applications, due to their multiple advantages including excellent conductivity, robust mechanical properties, hydrophilicity of its functional terminations, and outstanding electrochemical storage capability. In this review, the categories, properties, and synthesis methods of MXenes are first outlined. Furthermore, the latest research and progress of MXenes and their composites in alkali metal ion storage are also summarized comprehensively. A special emphasis is placed on MXenes and their hybrids, ranging from material design and fabrication to fundamental understanding of the alkali ion storage mechanisms to battery performance optimization strategies. Lastly, the challenges and personal perspectives of the future research of MXenes and their composites for energy storage are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab of Photoelectric Materials & Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P.R. China
| | - Junchao Lao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Life and Health Detection, Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P.R. China
| | - Guangfu Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P.R. China
| | - Zhengqing Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P.R. China
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khanam Z, Xiong T, Yang F, Su H, Luo L, Li J, Koroma M, Zhou B, Mushtaq M, Huang Y, Ouyang T, Balogun MS. Endogenous Interfacial Mo-C/N-Mo-S Bonding Regulates the Active Mo Sites for Maximized Li + Storage Areal Capacity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311773. [PMID: 38446094 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Active sites, mass loading, and Li-ion diffusion coefficient are the benchmarks for boosting the areal capacity and storage capability of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. However, simultaneously modulating these criteria to achieve high areal capacity in LIBs remains challenging. Herein, MoS2 is considered as a suitable electroactive host material for reversible Li-ion storage and establish an endogenous multi-heterojunction strategy with interfacial Mo-C/N-Mo-S coordination bonding that enables the concurrent regulation of these benchmarks. This strategy involves architecting 3D integrated conductive nanostructured frameworks composed of Mo2 C-MoN@MoS2 on carbon cloth (denoted as C/MMMS) and refining the sluggish kinetics in the MoS2 -based anodes. Benefiting from the rich hetero-interface active sites, optimized Li adsorption energy, and low diffusion barrier, C/MMMS reaches a mass loading of 12.11 mg cm-2 and showcases high areal capacity and remarkable rate capability of 9.6 mAh cm-2 @0.4 mA cm-2 and 2.7 mAh cm-2 @6.0 mA cm-2 , respectively, alongside excellent stability after 500 electrochemical cycles. Moreover, this work not only affirms the outstanding performance of the optimized C/MMMS as an anode material for supercapacitors, underscoring its bifunctionality but also offers valuable insight into developing endogenous transition metal compound electrodes with high mass loading for the next-generation high areal capacity energy storage devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Khanam
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tuzhi Xiong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hailan Su
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Li Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jieqiong Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Malcolm Koroma
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Zhou
- Ningxiang Country Garden School, 88 Ouzhou South Rd, Changsha, 410600, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Mushtaq
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yongchao Huang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ting Ouyang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - M-Sadeeq Balogun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cao JM, Ma MY, Liu HH, Yang JL, Liu Y, Zhang KY, Butt FA, Gu ZY, Li K, Wu XL. Interfacial-Confined Isochronous Conversion to Biphasic Selenide Heterostructure with Enhanced Adsorption Behaviors for Robust High-Rate Na-Ion Storage. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311024. [PMID: 38239090 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have gradually become one of the most promising energy storage techniques in the current era of post-lithium-ion batteries. For anodes, transitional metal selenides (TMSe) based materials are welcomed choices , owing to relatively higher specific capacities and enriched redox active sites. Nevertheless, current bottlenecks are blamed for their poor intrinsic electronic conductivities, and uncontrollable volume expansion during redox reactions. Given that, an interfacial-confined isochronous conversion strategy is proposed, to prepare orthorhombic/cubic biphasic TMSe heterostructure, namely CuSe/Cu3 VSe4 , through using MXene as the precursor, followed by Cu/Se dual anchorage. As-designed biphasic TMSe heterostructure endows unique hierarchical structure, which contains adequate insertion sites and diffusion spacing for Na ions, besides, the surficial pseudocapacitive storage behaviors can be also proceeded like 2D MXene. By further investigation on electronic structure, the theoretical calculations indicate that biphasic CuSe/Cu3 VSe4 anode exhibits well-enhanced properties, with smaller bandgap and thus greatly improves intrinsic poor conductivities. In addition, the dual redox centers can enhance the electrochemical Na ions storage abilities. As a result, the as-designed biphasic TMSe anode can deliver a reversible specific capacity of 576.8 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 , favorable Na affinity, and reduced diffusion barriers. This work discloses a synchronous solution toward demerits in conductivities and lifespan, which is inspiring for TMSe-based anode development in SIBs systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ming Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yang Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Han-Hao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Lin Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Yang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Faaz A Butt
- Materials Engineering Department, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 75300, Pakistan
| | - Zhen-Yi Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Long Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hussain I, Amara U, Bibi F, Hanan A, Lakhan MN, Soomro IA, Khan A, Shaheen I, Sajjad U, Mohana Rani G, Javed MS, Khan K, Hanif MB, Assiri MA, Sahoo S, Al Zoubi W, Mohapatra D, Zhang K. Mo-based MXenes: Synthesis, properties, and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 324:103077. [PMID: 38219341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Ti-MXene allows a range of possibilities to tune their compositional stoichiometry due to their electronic and electrochemical properties. Other than conventionally explored Ti-MXene, there have been ample opportunities for the non-Ti-based MXenes, especially the emerging Mo-based MXenes. Mo-MXenes are established to be remarkable with optoelectronic and electrochemical properties, tuned energy, catalysis, and sensing applications. In this timely review, we systematically discuss the various organized synthesis procedures, associated experimental tunning parameters, physiochemical properties, structural evaluation, stability challenges, key findings, and a wide range of applications of emerging Mo-MXene over Ti-MXenes. We also critically examined the precise control of Mo-MXenes to cater to advanced applications by comprehensively evaluating the summary of recent studies using artificial intelligence and machine learning tools. The critical future perspectives, significant challenges, and possible outlooks for successfully developing and using Mo-MXenes for various practical applications are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong.
| | - Umay Amara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Faiza Bibi
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Hanan
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nazim Lakhan
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Irfan Ali Soomro
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Amjad Khan
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, Chungnam 31253, South Korea
| | - Irum Shaheen
- Sabanci University, SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Uzair Sajjad
- Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Gokana Mohana Rani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
| | - Muhammad Sufyan Javed
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Karim Khan
- School of Electrical Engineering & Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hanif
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mohammed A Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumanta Sahoo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea.
| | - Wail Al Zoubi
- Materials Electrochemistry Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Debananda Mohapatra
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo Y, Xia Q, Chang Y, Wang L, Zhou A. Facile preparation of MoO 3@Mo 2CT xnanocomposite with high lithium storage performance by in situoxidation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:165403. [PMID: 38176069 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1b01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a new MoO3@Mo2CTxnanocomposite was prepared from two-dimensional (2D) Mo2CTxMXene byin situoxidization in air, which exhibited wonderful lithium-storage performance as anodes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The precursor Mo2CTxwas synthesized from Mo2Ga2C by selective etching of NH4F at 180 °C for 24 h. Thereafter, the Mo2CTxwas oxidized in air at 450 °C for 30 min to obtain MoO3@Mo2CTxnanocomposite. In the composite,in situgenerated MoO3nanocrystals pillar the layer structure of Mo2CTxMXene, which increases the interlayer space of Mo2CTxfor Li storage and enhances the structure stability of the composite. Mo2CTx2D sheets provide a conductive substrate for MoO3nanocrystals to enhance the Li+accessibility. As anodes of LIBs, the final discharge specific capacity of the MoO3@Mo2CTxcomposite was 511.1 mAh g-1at a current density of 500 mA g-1after 100 cycles, which is about 36.7 times that of pure Mo2CTxMXene (13.9 mAh g-1) and 3.2 times that of pure MoO3(159.9 mAh g-1). In the composites, both Mo2CTxand MoO3provide high lithium storage capacity and can enhance the performance of each other. Moreover, this composite can be made by a facile method ofin situoxidation. Therefore, the MoO3@Mo2CTxMXene nanocomposite is a promising anode of LIB with high performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qixun Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukai Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiao J, Yu P, Gao H, Yao J. Endogenous Nb 2CT x/Nb 2O 5 Schottky heterostructures for superior lithium-ion storage. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:113-121. [PMID: 37591072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Schottky heterostructures have significant advantages for exciting charge transfer kinetics at material interfaces. In this work, endogenous Nb2CTx/Nb2O5 Schottky heterostructures with a large active surface area were constructed using an in-situ architectural strategy. The semiconductor Nb2O5 has a low work function, and during the construction of Nb2CTx/Nb2O5 Schottky heterostructures, there was an interfacial electron transfer, which resulted in a built-in electric field. The electrochemical reaction kinetics of Nb2CTx/Nb2O5 Schottky heterostructures were enhanced due to the rapid transfer of charge driven by the electric field. The Nb2CTx/Nb2O5 Schottky heterostructures have a large active surface area, which contributes to excellent electrolyte diffusion kinetics. Therefore, Nb2CTx/Nb2O5 Schottky heterostructures have excellent lithium-ion storage capacity with 575 mAh/g after 200 cycles at 0.10 A/g, and 290 mAh/g after 1000 cycles at 2.00 A/g, without capacity fading. Furthermore, in-situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses reveal the mechanisms for structure evolution and lithium-ion storage optimization of Nb2CTx/Nb2O5 Schottky heterostructures during the electrochemical reaction. The construction of Schottky heterostructures with excited charge transport kinetics provides a novel idea for optimizing the lithium-ion storage activity of MXenes materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, PR China; School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, PR China
| | - Peng Yu
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, PR China
| | - Hong Gao
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, PR China.
| | - Jing Yao
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang Q, Zhao W, Xu X, Ke D, Ren R, Zhao F, Zhang S, Zhou T, Hu J. Architecting carbon-coated Mo 2CT x/MoSe 2 heterostructures enables robust potassium storage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13329-13332. [PMID: 37867331 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03479h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, carbon-coated MoSe2 decorated Mo2CTx MXene heterostructures (MoSe2/Mo2CTx@C) have been fabricated. Mo2CTx works as a dual-function electron/ion conductor, which not only provides high conductivity and mechanical strength, but also prevents the severe self-aggregation of few layered MoSe2 nanosheets. The high reversible capacities of 405 mA h g-1 at 100 mA g-1 after 150 cycles and 258 mA h g-1 at 2000 mA g-1 after 400 cycles could be achieved for a potassium-ion battery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre of Energy Polymer Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Weifang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre of Energy Polymer Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre of Energy Polymer Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Da Ke
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ran Ren
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre of Energy Polymer Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fuzhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre of Energy Polymer Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shilin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Tengfei Zhou
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Juncheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre of Energy Polymer Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He Q, Sheng B, Zhu K, Zhou Y, Qiao S, Wang Z, Song L. Phase Engineering and Synchrotron-Based Study on Two-Dimensional Energy Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10750-10807. [PMID: 37581572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant interest in the development of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with unique physicochemical properties for various energy applications. These properties are often derived from the phase structures established through a range of physical and chemical design strategies. A concrete analysis of the phase structures and real reaction mechanisms of 2D energy nanomaterials requires advanced characterization methods that offer valuable information as much as possible. Here, we present a comprehensive review on the phase engineering of typical 2D nanomaterials with the focus of synchrotron radiation characterizations. In particular, the intrinsic defects, atomic doping, intercalation, and heterogeneous interfaces on 2D nanomaterials are introduced, together with their applications in energy-related fields. Among them, synchrotron-based multiple spectroscopic techniques are emphasized to reveal their intrinsic phases and structures. More importantly, various in situ methods are employed to provide deep insights into their structural evolutions under working conditions or reaction processes of 2D energy nanomaterials. Finally, conclusions and research perspectives on the future outlook for the further development of 2D energy nanomaterials and synchrotron radiation light sources and integrated techniques are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun He
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Beibei Sheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Kefu Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Yuzhu Zhou
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Sicong Qiao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Zhouxin Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Li Song
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao B, Fu J, Zhou C, Yu L, Qiu M. Emerging Porous Two-Dimensional Materials: Current Status, Existing Challenges, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301917. [PMID: 37264720 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two-Dimensional (2D) materials have attracted immense attention in recent years. These materials have found their applications in various fields, such as catalysis, adsorption, energy storage, and sensing, as they exhibit excellent physical, chemical, electronic, photonic, and biological properties. Recently, researchers have focused on constructing porous structures on 2D materials. Various strategies, such as chemical etching and template-based methods, for the development of surface pores are reported, and the porous 2D materials fabricated over the years are used to develop supercapacitors and energy storage devices. Moreover, the lattice structure of the 2D materials can be modulated during the construction of porous structures to develop 2D materials that can be used in various fields such as lattice defects in 2D nanomaterials for enhancing biomedical performances. This review focuses on the recently developed chemical etching, solvent thermal synthesis, microwave combustion, and template methods that are used to fabricate porous 2D materials. The application prospects of the porous 2D materials are summarized. Finally, the key scientific challenges associated with developing porous 2D materials are presented to provide a platform for developing porous 2D materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jianye Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Chuanli Zhou
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Liangmin Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Meng Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bayhan Z, El-Demellawi JK, Yin J, Khan Y, Lei Y, Alhajji E, Wang Q, Hedhili MN, Alshareef HN. A Laser-Induced Mo 2 CT x MXene Hybrid Anode for High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2208253. [PMID: 37183297 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
MXenes, a fast-growing family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides/nitrides, are promising for electronics and energy storage applications. Mo2 CTx MXene, in particular, has demonstrated a higher capacity than other MXenes as an anode for Li-ion batteries. Yet, such enhanced capacity is accompanied by slow kinetics and poor cycling stability. Herein, it is revealed that the unstable cycling performance of Mo2 CTx is attributed to the partial oxidation into MoOx with structural degradation. A laser-induced Mo2 CTx /Mo2 C (LS-Mo2 CTx ) hybrid anode has been developed, of which the Mo2 C nanodots boost redox kinetics, and the laser-reduced oxygen content prevents the structural degradation caused by oxidation. Meanwhile, the strong connections between the laser-induced Mo2 C nanodots and Mo2 CTx nanosheets enhance conductivity and stabilize the structure during charge-discharge cycling. The as-prepared LS-Mo2 CTx anode exhibits an enhanced capacity of 340 mAh g-1 vs 83 mAh g-1 (for pristine) and an improved cycling stability (capacity retention of 106.2% vs 80.6% for pristine) over 1000 cycles. The laser-induced synthesis approach underlines the potential of MXene-based hybrid materials for high-performance energy storage applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bayhan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad K El-Demellawi
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Upstream Research Center (KURC), EXPEC Advanced Research Center (ARC), Saudi Aramco, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian Yin
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusuf Khan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yongjiu Lei
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alhajji
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qingxiao Wang
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Baheri YT, Maleki M, Karimian H, Javadpoor J, Masoudpanah SM. Well-distributed 1T/2H MoS 2 nanocrystals in the N-doped nanoporous carbon framework by direct pyrolysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7492. [PMID: 37160947 PMCID: PMC10169800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been a promising anode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high theoretical capacity and large interlayer spacing. However, its intrinsic poor electrical conductivity and large volume changes during the lithiation/delithiation reactions limit its practical application. An efficient synthesis strategy was developed to prepare the MoS2 nanocrystals well-anchored into the N-doped nanoporous carbon framework to deal with these challenges by a confined reaction space in an acrylonitrile-based porous polymer during the carbonization process. The prepared hybrid material comprises small 1T/2H-MoS2 nanoparticles surrounded by a nanoporous carbon matrix. In addition to the highly crystalline nature of the synthesized MoS2, the low ID/IG of the Raman spectrum demonstrated the development of graphitic domains in the carbon support during low-temperature pyrolysis (700 °C). This novel three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical composite shows superior advantages, such as decreased diffusion lengths of lithium ions, preventing the agglomeration of MoS2 nanocrystals, and maintaining the whole structural stability. The prepared C/MoS2 hybrid demonstrated fast rate performance and satisfactory cycling stability as an anode material for LIBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Tarpoudi Baheri
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16846, Iran
| | - Mahdi Maleki
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16846, Iran.
| | - Hossein Karimian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Golestan University, Aliabad Katoul, 45138-15739, Iran
| | - Jafar Javadpoor
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16846, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Masoudpanah
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16846, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang W, He SA, Cui Z, Liu Q, Yuen MF, Zhu J, Wang H, Gao M, Luo W, Hu J, Zou R. Boosting Charge Transfer Via Heterostructure Engineering of Ti 2 CT x /Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 Nanobelts Array for Superior Sodium Storage Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203948. [PMID: 36084223 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The poor conductivity, inert charge transmission efficiency, and irreversible Na+ trapping of Na2 Ti3 O7 result in retardant electrons/ions transportation and deficient sodium-ion storage efficiency, leading to sluggish reaction kinetics. To address these issues, an urchin-like Ti2 CTx /Na2 Ti3 O7 (Ti2 C/NTO) heterostructure sphere consisting of Ti2 C/NTO heterostructure nanobelts array is developed via a facile one-step in situ hydrothermal strategy. The Ti2 C/NTO heterostructure can obviously decrease Na+ diffusion barriers and increase electronic conductivity to improve reaction kinetics due to the built-in electric field effect and high-quantity interface region. In addition, the urchin-like vertically aligned nanobelts can reduce the diffusion distance of electrons and ions, provide favored electrolyte infiltration, adapt large volume expansion, and mitigate the aggregation to maintain structural stability during cycles, further enhancing the reaction kinetics. Furthermore, the Ti2 C/NTO heterostructure can effectively suppress many unwanted side reactions between reactive surface sites of NTO and electrolyte as well as irreversible trapping of Na+ . As a result, systematic electrochemical investigations demonstrate that the Ti2 C/NTO heterostructure as an anode material for record sodium-ion storage delivers the highest reversible capacity, the best cycling stability with 0.0065% decay rate for 4500 cycles at 2.0 A g-1 , and excellent rate capability of 172.1 mAh g-1 at 10.0 A g-1 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ang He
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Muk Fung Yuen
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Jinqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Mengluan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Junqing Hu
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, P. R. China
| | - Rujia Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pan Q, Tong Z, Su Y, Zheng Y, Shang L, Tang Y. Flat-Zigzag Interface Design of Chalcogenide Heterostructure toward Ultralow Volume Expansion for High-Performance Potassium Storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203485. [PMID: 35962631 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructure construction of layered metal chalcogenides can boost their alkali-metal storage performance, where the charge transfer kinetics can be promoted by the built-in electric fields. However, these heterostructures usually undergo interface separation due to severe layer expansion, especially for large-size potassium accommodation, resulting in the deconstruction of heterostructures and battery performance fading. Herein, first a stable interface design strategy where two metal chalcogenides with totally different layer-morphologies are stacked to form large K+ transport channels, rendering ultralow interlayer expansion, is presented. As a proof of concept, the flat-zigzag MoS2 /Bi2 S3 heterostructures stacked with zigzag-morphology Bi2 S3 and flat-morphology MoS2 present an ultralow expansion ratio (1.98%) versus MoS2 (9.66%) and Bi2 S3 (9.61%), which deliver an ultrahigh potassium storage capacity of above 600 mAh g-1 and capacity retention of 76% after 500 cycles, together with the built-in electric field of heterostructures. Once the heterostructures are used as an anode for potassium-based dual-ion batteries (K-DIBs), it achieves a superior full-cell capacity of ≈166 mAh g-1 with a capacity retention of 71% after 400 cycles, which is an outstanding performance among the reported K-DIBs. This proposed interface stacking strategy may offer a new way toward stable heterostructure design for metal ions storage and transport applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingguang Pan
- Advanced Energy Storage Technology Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhaopeng Tong
- Advanced Energy Storage Technology Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuanqiang Su
- Advanced Energy Storage Technology Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongping Zheng
- Advanced Energy Storage Technology Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lin Shang
- Advanced Energy Storage Technology Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yongbing Tang
- Advanced Energy Storage Technology Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pei H, Yang Q, Yu J, Song H, Zhao S, Waterhouse GIN, Guo J, Lu S. Self-Supporting Carbon Nanofibers with Ni-Single-Atoms and Uniformly Dispersed Ni-Nanoparticles as Scalable Multifunctional Hosts for High Energy Density Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202037. [PMID: 35678547 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The energy density of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) is currently hampered by modest sulfur loadings and high electrolyte/sulfur ratios (E/S). These limitations can potentially be overcome using easy-to-infiltrate sulfur hosts with high catalytic materials. However, catalytic materials in such hosts are very susceptible to agglomeration due to the lack of efficient confinement in easy-to-infiltrate structures. Herein, using carbon dots as an aggregation limiting agent, the successful fabrication of self-supporting carbon nanofibers (CNF) containing Ni-single-atoms (NiSA ) and uniformly dispersed Ni-nanoparticles (NiNP ) of small sizes as multifunctional sulfur hosts is reported. The NiSA sites coordinated by such NiNP offer outstanding catalytic activity for sulfur reactions and CNF is an easy-to-infiltrate sulfur host with a large-scale preparation method. Accordingly, such hosts that can be prepared on a large scale enable sulfur cathodes to exhibit high sulfur utilization (66.5 mAh cm-2 at ≈0.02 C) and cyclic stability (≈86.1% capacity retention after 100 cycles at ≈0.12 C) whilst operating at a high sulfur loading (50 mg cm-2 ) and low E/S (5 µL mg-1 ). This work provides a blueprint toward practical LSBs with high energy densities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Pei
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Quan Yang
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon & Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jingkun Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Haoqiang Song
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon & Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | | | - Junling Guo
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon & Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gao X, Zheng Y, Chang J, Xu H, Hui Z, Dai H, Wang H, Xia Z, Zhou J, Sun G. Universal Strategy for Preparing Highly Stable PBA/Ti 3C 2T x MXene toward Lithium-Ion Batteries via Chemical Transformation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15298-15306. [PMID: 35333046 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are believed to be intriguing anode materials for Li+ storage because of their tunable composition, designable topologies, and tailorable porous structures, yet they suffer from severe capacity decay and inferior cycling stability due to the volume variation upon lithiation and high electrical resistance. Herein, we develop a universal strategy for synthesizing small PBA nanoparticles hosted on two-dimensional (2D) MXene or rGO (PBA/MX or PBA/rGO) via an in situ transformation from ultrathin layered double hydroxides (LDH) nanosheets. 2D conductive nanosheets allow for fast electron transport and guarantee the full utilization of PBA even at high rates; at the meantime, PBA nanoparticles effectively prevent 2D materials from restacking and facilitate rapid ion diffusion. The optimized Ni0.8Mn0.2-PBA/MX as an anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) delivers a capacity of 442 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and an excellent cycling robustness in comparison with bare PBA bulk crystals. We believe that this study offers an alternative choice for rationally designing PBA-based electrode materials for energy storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Gao
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yihe Zheng
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jin Chang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zengyu Hui
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Henghan Dai
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhongming Xia
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Gengzhi Sun
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| |
Collapse
|