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Akatsu C, Tsuneshige T, Numoto N, Long W, Uchiumi T, Kaneko Y, Asano M, Ito N, Tsubata T. CD72 is an inhibitory pattern recognition receptor that recognizes ribosomes and suppresses production of anti-ribosome autoantibody. J Autoimmun 2024; 146:103245. [PMID: 38754236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
B cell responses to nucleic acid-containing self-antigens that involve intracellular nucleic acid sensors play a crucial role in autoantibody production in SLE. CD72 is an inhibitory B cell co-receptor that down-regulates BCR signaling, and prevents the development of SLE. We previously showed that CD72 recognizes the RNA-containing self-antigen Sm/RNP, a target of SLE-specific autoantibodies, and induces B cell tolerance to Sm/RNP by specifically inhibiting B cell response to this self-antigen. Here, we address whether CD72 inhibits B cell response to ribosomes because the ribosome is an RNA-containing self-antigen and is a target of SLE-specific autoantibodies as well as Sm/RNP. We demonstrate that CD72 recognizes ribosomes as a ligand, and specifically inhibits BCR signaling induced by ribosomes. Although conventional protein antigens by themselves do not induce proliferation of specific B cells, ribosomes induce proliferation of B cells reactive to ribosomes in a manner dependent on RNA. This proliferative response is down-regulated by CD72. These results suggest that ribosomes activate B cells by inducing dual signaling through BCR and intracellular RNA sensors and that CD72 inhibits B cell response to ribosomes. Moreover, CD72-/- but not CD72+/+ mice spontaneously produce anti-ribosome autoantibodies. Taken together, CD72 induces B cell self-tolerance to ribosomes by recognizing ribosomes and inhibiting RNA-dependent B cell response to this self-antigen. CD72 appears to prevent development of SLE by inhibiting autoimmune B cell responses to multiple RNA-containing self-antigens. Because these self-antigens but not protein self-antigens induce RNA-dependent B cell activation, self-tolerance to RNA-containing self-antigens may require a distinct tolerance mechanism mediated by CD72.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Ribosomes/metabolism
- Ribosomes/immunology
- Mice
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Mice, Knockout
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Immune Tolerance
- Humans
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuru Akatsu
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuneshige
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Numoto
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wang Long
- Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Uchiumi
- Department of Biology, Niigata University School of Science, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kaneko
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Nobutoshi Ito
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Fiske BE, Wemlinger SM, Crute BW, Getahun A. The Src-family kinase Lyn plays a critical role in establishing and maintaining B cell anergy by suppressing PI3K-dependent signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.21.595208. [PMID: 38826354 PMCID: PMC11142063 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.595208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Although the Src family kinase (SFK) Lyn is known to be involved in induction and maintenance of peripheral B cell tolerance, the molecular basis of its action in this context remains unclear. This question has been approached using conventional as well as B cell-targeted knockouts of Lyn, with varied conclusions likely confused by collateral loss of Lyn functions in B cell and myeloid cell development and activation. Here we utilized a system in which Lyn gene deletion is tamoxifen inducible and B cell restricted. This system allows acute elimination of Lyn in B cells without off-target effects. This genetic tool was employed in conjunction with immunoglobulin transgenic mice in which peripheral B cells are autoreactive. DNA reactive Ars/A1 B cells require continuous inhibitory signaling, mediated by the inositol phosphatase SHIP-1 and the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, to maintain an unresponsive (anergic) state. Here we show that Ars/A1 B cells require Lyn to establish and maintain B cell unresponsiveness. Lyn primarily functions by restricting PI3K-dependent signaling pathways. This Lyn-dependent mechanism complements the impact of reduced mIgM BCR expression to restrict BCR signaling in Ars/A1 B cells. Our findings suggest that a subset of autoreactive B cells requires Lyn to become anergic and that the autoimmunity associated with dysregulated Lyn function may, in part, be due to an inability of these autoreactive B cells to become tolerized.
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Ono C, Tanaka S, Myouzen K, Iwasaki T, Ueda M, Oda Y, Yamamoto K, Kochi Y, Baba Y. Upregulated Fcrl5 disrupts B cell anergy and causes autoimmune disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1276014. [PMID: 37841260 PMCID: PMC10569490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell anergy plays a critical role in maintaining self-tolerance by inhibiting autoreactive B cell activation to prevent autoimmune diseases. Here, we demonstrated that Fc receptor-like 5 (Fcrl5) upregulation contributes to autoimmune disease pathogenesis by disrupting B cell anergy. Fcrl5-a gene whose homologs are associated with human autoimmune diseases-is highly expressed in age/autoimmunity-associated B cells (ABCs), an autoreactive B cell subset. By generating B cell-specific Fcrl5 transgenic mice, we demonstrated that Fcrl5 overexpression in B cells caused systemic autoimmunity with age. Additionally, Fcrl5 upregulation in B cells exacerbated the systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease model. Furthermore, an increase in Fcrl5 expression broke B cell anergy and facilitated toll-like receptor signaling. Thus, Fcrl5 is a potential regulator of B cell-mediated autoimmunity by regulating B cell anergy. This study provides important insights into the role of Fcrl5 in breaking B cell anergy and its effect on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Ono
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiko Myouzen
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasaki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mahoko Ueda
- Department of Genomic Function and Diversity, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuta Kochi
- Department of Genomic Function and Diversity, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Baba
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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4
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Eiza N, Kessler O, Sabag A, Neufeld G, Jones EY, Vadasz Z. Truncated-semaphorin3A is a potential regulatory molecule to restore immune homeostasis in immune-mediated diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1085892. [PMID: 36703747 PMCID: PMC9871560 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1085892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory molecules have recently been recognized for their beneficial effects in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases, rather than using cytotoxic immune-suppressing drugs, which are associated with many unwanted side effects. Semaphorin3A (sema3A), a unique regulatory master of the immune system, was shown to be decreased in the serum of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, in association with disease severity. Later, we were able to show its extremely beneficial effect in treating lupus nephritis in the NZB/W mice model. The mechanisms by which sema3A maintains its regulatory effect is by binding the regulatory receptor CD72 on B cells, thereby reducing the threshold of BCR signaling on B cells and reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to generate a stable sema3A molecule, easy to produce with a higher binding capacity to CD72 receptor rather than to Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) receptor, which is expressed in many cell types. Using the crystallographic structure of parental sema3A, we synthesized a new secreted (shorter) sema3A derivative, which we called truncated sema3A (T-sema3A). The new molecule lacked the NRP-1 binding domain (the C-terminal site) and has an artificial dimerization site at position 257 (serine residue was exchanged with a cysteine residue). To facilitate the purification of this molecule we added Histidine epitope tag in frame upstream to a stop codon. This construct was transfected using a viral vector to 293HEK cells to generate cells stably expressing T-sema3A. T-sema3A is shown to be with a higher binding ability to CD72 than to NRP-1 as demonstrated by a homemade ELISA. In addition, T-sema3A was shown to be a regulatory agent which can induce the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β and reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-17A from human T and B-lymphocytes. Keeping this in mind, T-sema3A is highly effective in maintaining immune homeostasis, therefore, becoming a potential agent in restoring the regulatory status of the immune system in immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasren Eiza
- The Proteomic Unit, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Cancer research center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofra Kessler
- Cancer research center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Adi Sabag
- The Proteomic Unit, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gera Neufeld
- Cancer research center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - E. Yvonne Jones
- The Division of Structural Biology (STRUBI), Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zahava Vadasz
- The Proteomic Unit, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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5
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Corneth OBJ, Neys SFH, Hendriks RW. Aberrant B Cell Signaling in Autoimmune Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213391. [PMID: 36359789 PMCID: PMC9654300 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant B cell signaling plays a critical in role in various systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. This is supported by genetic evidence by many functional studies in B cells from patients or specific animal models and by the observed efficacy of small-molecule inhibitors. In this review, we first discuss key signal transduction pathways downstream of the B cell receptor (BCR) that ensure that autoreactive B cells are removed from the repertoire or functionally silenced. We provide an overview of aberrant BCR signaling that is associated with inappropriate B cell repertoire selection and activation or survival of peripheral B cell populations and plasma cells, finally leading to autoantibody formation. Next to BCR signaling, abnormalities in other signal transduction pathways have been implicated in autoimmune disease. These include reduced activity of several phosphates that are downstream of co-inhibitory receptors on B cells and increased levels of BAFF and APRIL, which support survival of B cells and plasma cells. Importantly, pathogenic synergy of the BCR and Toll-like receptors (TLR), which can be activated by endogenous ligands, such as self-nucleic acids, has been shown to enhance autoimmunity. Finally, we will briefly discuss therapeutic strategies for autoimmune disease based on interfering with signal transduction in B cells.
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Marhelava K, Krawczyk M, Firczuk M, Fidyt K. CAR-T Cells Shoot for New Targets: Novel Approaches to Boost Adoptive Cell Therapy for B Cell-Derived Malignancies. Cells 2022; 11:1804. [PMID: 35681499 PMCID: PMC9180412 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is undeniably a promising tool in combating various types of hematological malignancies. However, it is not yet optimal and a significant number of patients experience a lack of response or relapse after the treatment. Therapy improvement requires careful analysis of the occurring problems and a deeper understanding of the reasons that stand behind them. In this review, we summarize the recent knowledge about CAR-T products' clinical performance and discuss diversified approaches taken to improve the major shortcomings of this therapy. Especially, we prioritize the challenges faced by CD19 CAR-T cell-based treatment of B cell-derived malignancies and revise the latest insights about mechanisms mediating therapy resistance. Since the loss of CD19 is one of the major obstacles to the success of CAR-T cell therapy, we present antigens that could be alternatively used for the treatment of various types of B cell-derived cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsiaryna Marhelava
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.M.); (M.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Marta Krawczyk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.M.); (M.K.); (M.F.)
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School of Translational Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.M.); (M.K.); (M.F.)
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudyna Fidyt
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.M.); (M.K.); (M.F.)
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7
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Getahun A. Role of inhibitory signaling in peripheral B cell tolerance*. Immunol Rev 2022; 307:27-42. [PMID: 35128676 PMCID: PMC8986582 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
At least 20% of B cells in the periphery expresses an antigen receptor with a degree of self-reactivity. If activated, these autoreactive B cells pose a risk as they can contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. To prevent their activation, both B cell-intrinsic and extrinsic tolerance mechanisms are in place in healthy individuals. In this review article, I will focus on B cell-intrinsic mechanisms that prevent the activation of autoreactive B cells in the periphery. I will discuss how inhibitory signaling circuits are established in autoreactive B cells, focusing on the Lyn-SHIP-1-SHP-1 axis, how they contribute to peripheral immune tolerance, and how disruptions of these circuits can contribute to the development of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Getahun
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Colorado SOM Aurora Colorado USA
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine National Jewish Health Denver Colorado USA
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8
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Tsubata T. Role of inhibitory B cell co-receptors in B cell self-tolerance to non-protein antigens. Immunol Rev 2022; 307:53-65. [PMID: 34989000 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies to non-protein antigens such as nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and glycolipids play important roles in both host defense against microbes and development of autoimmune diseases. Although non-protein antigens are not recognized by T cells, antibody production to non-protein antigens involve T cell-independent mechanisms such as signaling through TLR7 and TLR9 in antibody production to nucleic acids. Although self-reactive B cells are tolerized by various mechanisms including deletion, anergy, and receptor editing, T cell tolerance is also crucial in self-tolerance of B cells to protein self-antigen because self-reactive T cells induce autoantibody production to these self-antigens. However, presence of T cell-independent mechanism suggests that T cell tolerance is not able to maintain B cell tolerance to non-protein self-antigens. Lines of evidence suggest that B cell response to non-protein self-antigens such as nucleic acids and gangliosides, sialic acid-containing glycolipids, are suppressed by inhibitory B cell co-receptors CD72 and Siglec-G, respectively. These inhibitory co-receptors recognize non-protein self-antigens and suppress BCR signaling induced by these antigens, thereby inhibiting B cell response to these self-antigens. Inhibitory B cell co-receptors appear to be involved in B cell self-tolerance to non-protein self-antigens that can activate B cells by T cell-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Alborzian Deh Sheikh A, Gomaa S, Li X, Routledge M, Saigoh K, Numoto N, Angata T, Hitomi Y, Takematsu H, Tsuiji M, Ito N, Kusunoki S, Tsubata T. A Guillain-Barré syndrome-associated SIGLEC10 rare variant impairs its recognition of gangliosides. J Autoimmun 2020; 116:102571. [PMID: 33223341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), including its variant Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), is an acute peripheral neuropathy that involves autoimmune mechanisms leading to the production of autoantibodies to gangliosides; sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids. Although association with various genetic polymorphisms in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is shown in other autoimmune diseases, GBS is an exception, showing no such link. No significant association was found by genome wide association studies, suggesting that GBS is not associated with common variants. To address the involvement of rare variants in GBS, we analyzed Siglec-10, a sialic acid-recognizing inhibitory receptor expressed on B cells. Here we demonstrate that two rare variants encoding R47Q and A108V substitutions in the ligand-binding domain are significantly accumulated in patients with GBS. Because of strong linkage disequilibrium, there was no patient carrying only one of them. Recombinant Siglec-10 protein containing R47Q but not A108V shows impaired binding to gangliosides. Homology modeling revealed that the R47Q substitution causes marked alteration in the ligand-binding site. Thus, GBS is associated with a rare variant of the SIGLEC10 gene that impairs ligand binding of Siglec-10. Because Siglec-10 regulates antibody production to sialylated antigens, our finding suggests that Siglec-10 regulates development of GBS by suppressing antibody production to gangliosides, with defects in its function predisposing to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Alborzian Deh Sheikh
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soha Gomaa
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Xuexin Li
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthew Routledge
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Saigoh
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Numoto
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuki Hitomi
- Department of Microbiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Takematsu
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuiji
- Department of Microbiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Ito
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Kusunoki
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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10
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Feng Y, Yang M, Wu H, Lu Q. The pathological role of B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: From basic research to clinical. Autoimmunity 2019; 53:56-64. [PMID: 31876195 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2019.1700232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that often occurs in females of child-bearing age. It involves multiple systems and severely threatens human life. One of the typical characteristics of SLE is the formation of immune complexes with autoantibodies produced by B cells that target various autoantigens, thus indicating the pivotal role of B cells in the pathogenesis of SLE. Increasing evidence has shown abnormal expression of B cells in the peripheral blood of SLE patients. Moreover, numerous studies have shown that B cells in SLE patients are abnormally activated, as well as aberrantly differentiated, and are involved in the inflammatory cytokine milieu, abnormal transcription factor activity, and signalling pathways. Several biological therapies targeting B cells, such as anti-CD20 antibodies, have been intensively studied in preclinical and clinical trials. However, the results have not met expectations. Therefore, new therapies targeting B cells are in great need. This review will summarize the latest progress in basic research on B cells to better understand the pathogenesis of SLE and will discuss the outcomes of B-cell-targeting treatments that provide potential therapeutic targets and strategies for SLE. Studies have clarified high levels of IL-21 in serum from SLE patients and animal models. IL-21 promotes B cell differentiation, which results in antibodies accumulation leads to SLE. Therefore, further studies on IL-21 will give new perspectives on SLE treatments. In addition, the application of drugs targeting plasma cell depletion in SLE patients may also achieve satisfied results in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Zhao C, Matsushita T, Ha Nguyen VT, Tennichi M, Fujimoto M, Takehara K, Hamaguchi Y. CD22 and CD72 contribute to the development of scleroderma in a murine model. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 97:66-76. [PMID: 31883832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease that is characterized by excessive fibrosis. CD22 and CD72 are B cell-specific cell surface molecules that negatively regulate B cell function. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of CD22 and CD72 in a murine scleroderma model. METHODS The experimental fibrosis model was generated by subcutaneous injection of bleomycin or hypochlorous acid (HOCL) into wild-type (WT), CD22-deficient (CD22-/-), CD72-deficient (CD72-/-) and CD22 and CD72 double-deficient (CD22-/-/CD72-/-) mice. We histologically assessed skin fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Cytokine and chemokine expression levels were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The severity of fibrosis in the skin and lung was significantly less in CD22-/-, CD72-/-, and CD22-/-/CD72-/- mice than in WT mice in the bleomycin-induced model. In the skin of bleomycin-treated mice, the numbers of CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and F4/80+ macrophages were significantly lower in CD22-/-, CD72-/-, and CD22-/-/CD72-/- mice than in WT mice. The expression levels of mRNAs for IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, CTGF, IL-1β, IL-13, CXCL2, and ICAM-1 were significantly lower in CD22-/-, CD72-/-, and CD22-/-/CD72-/- mice than in WT mice. In the HOCL-induced model, both skin and lung fibrosis were ameliorated in CD22-/-, CD72-/- and CD22-/-/CD72-/- mice compared to WT mice. CONCLUSION These results indicate that CD22 and CD72 likely play crucial roles in skin and lung fibrosis. Moreover, the inhibition of CD22 and CD72 function has potential as a therapeutic approach to SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Vinh Thi Ha Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Momoko Tennichi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takehara
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Hamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Tsubata T. CD72 is a Negative Regulator of B Cell Responses to Nuclear Lupus Self-antigens and Development of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e1. [PMID: 30838156 PMCID: PMC6399098 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by production of autoantibodies to various nuclear antigens and overexpression of genes regulated by IFN-I called IFN signature. Genetic studies on SLE patients and mutational analyses of mouse models demonstrate crucial roles of nucleic acid (NA) sensors in development of SLE. Although NA sensors are involved in induction of anti-microbial immune responses by recognizing microbial NAs, recognition of self NAs by NA sensors induces production of autoantibodies to NAs in B cells and production of IFN-I in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Among various NA sensors, the endosomal RNA sensor TLR7 plays an essential role in development of SLE at least in mouse models. CD72 is an inhibitory B cell co-receptor containing an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) in the cytoplasmic region and a C-type lectin like-domain (CTLD) in the extracellular region. CD72 is known to regulate development of SLE because CD72 polymorphisms associate with SLE in both human and mice and CD72−/− mice develop relatively severe lupus-like disease. CD72 specifically recognizes the RNA-containing endogenous TLR7 ligand Sm/RNP by its extracellular CTLD, and inhibits B cell responses to Sm/RNP by ITIM-mediated signal inhibition. These findings indicate that CD72 inhibits development of SLE by suppressing TLR7-dependent B cell response to self NAs. CD72 is thus involved in discrimination of self-NAs from microbial NAs by specifically suppressing autoimmune responses to self-NAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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14
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Meyer SJ, Linder AT, Brandl C, Nitschke L. B Cell Siglecs-News on Signaling and Its Interplay With Ligand Binding. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2820. [PMID: 30559744 PMCID: PMC6286995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD22 and Siglec-G are members of the Siglec family. Both are inhibitory co-receptors on the surface of B cells and inhibit B-cell receptor induced signaling, characterized by inhibition of the calcium mobilization and cellular activation. CD22 functions predominantly as an inhibitor on conventional B cells, while Siglec-G is an important inhibitor on the B1a-cell subset. These two B-cell Siglecs do not only inhibit initial signaling, but also have an important function in preventing autoimmunity, as double deficient mice develop a lupus-like phenotype with age. Siglecs are characterized by their conserved ability to bind terminal sialic acid of glycans on the cell surface, which is important to regulate the inhibitory role of Siglecs. While CD22 binds α2,6-linked sialic acids, Siglec-G can bind both α2,6-linked and α2,3-linked sialic acids. Interestingly, ligand binding is differentially regulating the ability of CD22 and Siglec-G to control B-cell activation. Within the last years, quite a few studies focused on the different functions of B-cell Siglecs and the interplay of ligand binding and signal inhibition. This review summarizes the role of CD22 and Siglec-G in regulating B-cell receptor signaling, membrane distribution with the importance of ligand binding, preventing autoimmunity and the role of CD22 beyond the naïve B-cell stage. Additionally, this review article features the long time discussed interaction between CD45 and CD22 with highlighting recent data, as well as the interplay between CD22 and Galectin-9 and its influence on B-cell receptor signaling. Moreover, therapeutical approaches targeting human CD22 will be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Meyer
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra T Linder
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin Brandl
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Tsubata T. Ligand Recognition Determines the Role of Inhibitory B Cell Co-receptors in the Regulation of B Cell Homeostasis and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2276. [PMID: 30333834 PMCID: PMC6175988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells express various inhibitory co-receptors including CD22, CD72, and Siglec-G. These receptors contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIMs) in the cytoplasmic region. Although many of the inhibitory co-receptors negatively regulate BCR signaling by activating SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1), different inhibitory co-receptors have distinct functional properties. CD22, Siglec-G, and CD72 preferentially regulate tonic signaling in conventional B cells, B-1 cell homeostasis, and development of lupus-like disease, respectively. CD72 recognizes RNA-related lupus self-antigen Sm/RNP as a ligand. This ligand recognition recruits CD72 to BCR in Sm/RNP-reactive B cells thereby suppressing production of anti-Sm/RNP autoantibody involved in the pathogenesis of lupus. In contrast, Siglec-G recognizes α2,3 as well as α2,6 sialic acids whereas CD22 recognizes α2,6 sialic acid alone. Because glycoproteins including BCR are dominantly glycosylated with α2,3 sialic acids in B-1 cells, Siglec-G but not CD22 recruits BCR as a ligand specifically in B-1 cells, and regulates B-1 cell homeostasis by suppressing BCR signaling in B-1 cells. Thus, recognition of distinct ligands determines functional properties of different inhibitory B cell co-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Simoni L, Delgado V, Ruer-Laventie J, Bouis D, Soley A, Heyer V, Robert I, Gies V, Martin T, Korganow AS, Reina-San-Martin B, Soulas-Sprauel P. Trib1 Is Overexpressed in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, While It Regulates Immunoglobulin Production in Murine B Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:373. [PMID: 29599769 PMCID: PMC5862796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe and heterogeneous autoimmune disease
with a complex genetic etiology, characterized by the production of various
pathogenic autoantibodies, which participate in end-organ damages. The majority of
human SLE occurs in adults as a polygenic disease, and clinical flares interspersed
with silent phases of various lengths characterize the usual evolution of the disease
in time. Trying to understand the mechanism of the different phenotypic traits of the
disease, and considering the central role of B cells in SLE, we previously performed
a detailed wide analysis of gene expression variation in B cells from quiescent SLE
patients. This analysis pointed out an overexpression of TRIB1.
TRIB1 is a pseudokinase that has been implicated in the development of leukemia and
also metabolic disorders. It is hypothesized that Trib1 plays an adapter or scaffold
function in signaling pathways, notably in MAPK pathways. Therefore, we planned to
understand the functional significance of TRIB1 overexpression in B
cells in SLE. We produced a new knock-in model with B-cell-specific overexpression of
Trib1. We showed that overexpression of Trib1
specifically in B cells does not impact B cell development nor induce any development
of SLE symptoms in the mice. By contrast, Trib1 has a negative regulatory function on
the production of immunoglobulins, notably IgG1, but also on the production of
autoantibodies in an induced model. We observed a decrease of Erk activation in
BCR-stimulated Trib1 overexpressing B cells. Finally, we searched
for Trib1 partners in B cells by proteomic analysis in order to explore the
regulatory function of Trib1 in B cells. Interestingly, we find an interaction
between Trib1 and CD72, a negative regulator of B cells whose deficiency in mice
leads to the development of autoimmunity. In conclusion, the overexpression of
Trib1 could be one of the molecular pathways implicated in the
negative regulation of B cells during SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Simoni
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - Virginia Delgado
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Ruer-Laventie
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - Delphine Bouis
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Soley
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Heyer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle Robert
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Vincent Gies
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Martin
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Korganow
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernardo Reina-San-Martin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Pauline Soulas-Sprauel
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,UFR Sciences pharmaceutiques, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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17
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Satterthwaite AB. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase, a Component of B Cell Signaling Pathways, Has Multiple Roles in the Pathogenesis of Lupus. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1986. [PMID: 29403475 PMCID: PMC5786522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of adaptive immune tolerance to nucleic acid-containing antigens. The resulting autoantibodies form immune complexes that promote inflammation and tissue damage. Defining the signals that drive pathogenic autoantibody production is an important step in the development of more targeted therapeutic approaches for lupus, which is currently treated primarily with non-specific immunosuppression. Here, we review the contribution of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk), a component of B and myeloid cell signaling pathways, to disease in murine lupus models. Both gain- and loss-of-function genetic studies have revealed that Btk plays multiple roles in the production of autoantibodies. These include promoting the activation, plasma cell differentiation, and class switching of autoreactive B cells. Small molecule inhibitors of Btk are effective at reducing autoantibody levels, B cell activation, and kidney damage in several lupus models. These studies suggest that Btk may promote end-organ damage both by facilitating the production of autoantibodies and by mediating the inflammatory response of myeloid cells to these immune complexes. While Btk has not been associated with SLE in GWAS studies, SLE B cells display signaling defects in components both upstream and downstream of Btk consistent with enhanced activation of Btk signaling pathways. Taken together, these observations indicate that limiting Btk activity is critical for maintaining B cell tolerance and preventing the development of autoimmune disease. Btk inhibitors, generally well-tolerated and approved to treat B cell malignancy, may thus be a useful therapeutic approach for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne B Satterthwaite
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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18
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Taher TE, Bystrom J, Ong VH, Isenberg DA, Renaudineau Y, Abraham DJ, Mageed RA. Intracellular B Lymphocyte Signalling and the Regulation of Humoral Immunity and Autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 53:237-264. [PMID: 28456914 PMCID: PMC5597704 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocytes are critical for effective immunity; they produce antibodies and cytokines, present antigens to T lymphocytes and regulate immune responses. However, because of the inherent randomness in the process of generating their vast repertoire of antigen-specific receptors, B cells can also cause diseases through recognizing and reacting to self. Therefore, B lymphocyte selection and responses require tight regulation at multiple levels and at all stages of their development and activation to avoid diseases. Indeed, newly generated B lymphocytes undergo rigorous tolerance mechanisms in the bone marrow and, subsequently, in the periphery after their migration. Furthermore, activation of mature B cells is regulated through controlled expression of co-stimulatory receptors and intracellular signalling thresholds. All these regulatory events determine whether and how B lymphocytes respond to antigens, by undergoing apoptosis or proliferation. However, defects that alter regulated co-stimulatory receptor expression or intracellular signalling thresholds can lead to diseases. For example, autoimmune diseases can result from altered regulation of B cell responses leading to the emergence of high-affinity autoreactive B cells, autoantibody production and tissue damage. The exact cause(s) of defective B cell responses in autoimmune diseases remains unknown. However, there is evidence that defects or mutations in genes that encode individual intracellular signalling proteins lead to autoimmune diseases, thus confirming that defects in intracellular pathways mediate autoimmune diseases. This review provides a synopsis of current knowledge of signalling proteins and pathways that regulate B lymphocyte responses and how defects in these could promote autoimmune diseases. Most of the evidence comes from studies of mouse models of disease and from genetically engineered mice. Some, however, also come from studying B lymphocytes from patients and from genome-wide association studies. Defining proteins and signalling pathways that underpin atypical B cell response in diseases will help in understanding disease mechanisms and provide new therapeutic avenues for precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher E Taher
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jonas Bystrom
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Voon H Ong
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Yves Renaudineau
- Immunology Laboratory, University of Brest Medical School, Brest, France
| | - David J Abraham
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rizgar A Mageed
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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19
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CD11c+ T-bet+ memory B cells: Immune maintenance during chronic infection and inflammation? Cell Immunol 2017; 321:8-17. [PMID: 28838763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
CD11c+ T-bet+ B cells have now been detected and characterized in different experimental and clinical settings, in both mice and humans. Whether such cells are monolithic, or define subsets of B cells with different functions is not yet known. Our studies have identified CD11c+ IgM+ CD19hi splenic IgM memory B cells that appear at approximately three weeks post-ehrlichial infection, and persist indefinitely, during low-level chronic infection. Although the CD11c+ T-bet+ B cells we have described are distinct, they appear to share many features with similar cells detected under diverse conditions, including viral infections, aging, and autoimmunity. We propose that CD11c+ T-bet+ B cells as a group share characteristics of memory B cells that are maintained under conditions of inflammation and/or low-level chronic antigen stimulation. In some cases, these cells may be advantageous, by providing immunity to re-infection, but in others may be deleterious, by contributing to aged-associated autoimmune responses.
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20
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Lyu M, Hao Y, Li Y, Lyu C, Liu W, Li H, Xue F, Liu X, Yang R. Upregulation of CD72 expression on CD19+CD27+memory B cells by CD40L in primary immune thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 2017; 178:308-318. [PMID: 28419421 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingen Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Haematology; Institute of Haematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
- Department of Haematology; Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Suzhou Municipal Hospital); Suzhou China
| | - Yating Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Haematology; Institute of Haematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Haematology; Institute of Haematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Cuicui Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Haematology; Institute of Haematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Haematology; Institute of Haematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Haematology; Institute of Haematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Feng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Haematology; Institute of Haematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Xiaofan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Haematology; Institute of Haematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Renchi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Haematology; Institute of Haematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
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21
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Akatsu C, Shinagawa K, Numoto N, Liu Z, Ucar AK, Aslam M, Phoon S, Adachi T, Furukawa K, Ito N, Tsubata T. CD72 negatively regulates B lymphocyte responses to the lupus-related endogenous toll-like receptor 7 ligand Sm/RNP. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2691-2706. [PMID: 27810925 PMCID: PMC5110020 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Akatsu and colleagues show that CD72 specifically recognizes Sm/RNP, a lupus-related self-antigen and an endogenous TLR7 ligand, and inhibits B cell responses to Sm/RNP. In mice, CD72 prevents production of anti-Sm/RNP antibodies crucial for lupus development. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) plays an essential role in development of systemic lupus erythematosus by co-stimulating B cells reactive to the endogenous TLR7 ligand Sm/ribonucleoprotein (RNP), a crucial lupus self-antigen. However, how the TLR7-mediated autoimmune response is regulated is not yet known. In this study, we demonstrate that CD72, an inhibitory B cell co-receptor known to prevent development of lupus, recognizes Sm/RNP at the extracellular C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) and specifically inhibits B cell response to Sm/RNP. Moreover, the CTLD of CD72c, a lupus-susceptible allele, binds to Sm/RNP less strongly than that of lupus-resistant CD72a. Reduced binding of CD72c is supported by x-ray crystallographic analysis that reveals a considerable alteration in charge at the putative ligand-binding site. Thus, CD72 appears to specifically inhibit B cell response to the endogenous TLR7 ligand Sm/RNP through CTLD-mediated recognition of Sm/RNP, thereby preventing production of anti-Sm/RNP antibody crucial for development of lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuru Akatsu
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kenro Shinagawa
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Numoto
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Ayse Konuskan Ucar
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shirly Phoon
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Furukawa
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Ito
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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22
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Vadasz Z, Goldeberg Y, Halasz K, Rosner I, Valesini G, Conti F, Perricone C, Sthoeger Z, Bezalel SR, Tzioufas AG, Levin NA, Shoenfeld Y, Toubi E. Increased soluble CD72 in systemic lupus erythematosus is in association with disease activity and lupus nephritis. Clin Immunol 2016; 164:114-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Tsubata T. [CD22 and CD72 are inhibitory receptors dominantly expressed in B lymphocytes and regulate systemic autoimmune diseases. German version]. Z Rheumatol 2016; 75:86-9. [PMID: 26830296 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-015-0038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, 113-8510, Bunkyo-ku, Tokio, Japan.
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24
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CD22 and CD72 are inhibitory receptors dominantly expressed in B lymphocytes and regulate systemic autoimmune diseases : English version. Z Rheumatol 2016; 76:10-13. [PMID: 26883820 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-015-1577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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25
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Müller J, Lunz B, Schwab I, Acs A, Nimmerjahn F, Daniel C, Nitschke L. Siglec-G Deficiency Leads to Autoimmunity in Aging C57BL/6 Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:51-60. [PMID: 25987743 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Siglec-G, a member of the sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin (Siglec) family, is expressed on B cell and dendritic cell surfaces. It acts as an inhibitory coreceptor and modulates B cell activation, especially on B1 cells, as Siglec-G-deficient mice show mainly a B1 cell-restricted phenotype resulting in increased B1 cell numbers. Although higher B1 cell numbers are discussed to be associated with autoimmunity, loss of Siglec-G does not result in autoimmune disease in BALB/c mice. However, there is evidence from Siglec-G × CD22 double-deficient mice and Siglec-G(-/-) mice on an autoimmune-prone MRL/lpr background that Siglec-G is important to maintain tolerance in B cells. In this study, we analyzed the role of Siglec-G in induction and maintenance of B cell tolerance on C57BL/6 background and in the FcγRIIb-deficient background. We find that aging Siglec-G-deficient and Siglec-G × FcγRIIb double-deficient mice develop an autoimmune phenotype with elevated autoantibody levels and mild glomerulonephritis. Aging Siglec-G-deficient mice have elevated numbers of plasma cells and germinal center B cells, as well as a higher number of activated CD4 T cells, which likely all contribute to autoantibody production. Additional loss of the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIb in Siglec-G(-/-) mice does not result in exacerbation of disease. These results indicate that Siglec-G is important to maintain tolerance in B cells and prevent autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Müller
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Benjamin Lunz
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Inessa Schwab
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Andreas Acs
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; and
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Kleiman E, Salyakina D, De Heusch M, Hoek KL, Llanes JM, Castro I, Wright JA, Clark ES, Dykxhoorn DM, Capobianco E, Takeda A, Renauld JC, Khan WN. Distinct Transcriptomic Features are Associated with Transitional and Mature B-Cell Populations in the Mouse Spleen. Front Immunol 2015; 6:30. [PMID: 25717326 PMCID: PMC4324157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Splenic transitional B-cells (T1 and T2) are selected to avoid self-reactivity and to safeguard against autoimmunity, then differentiate into mature follicular (FO-I and FO-II) and marginal zone (MZ) subsets. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq of the five B-cell subsets revealed T1 cell signature genes included RAG suggesting a potential for receptor revision. T1 to T2 B-cell differentiation was marked by a switch from Myb to Myc, increased expression of the PI3K adapter DAP10 and MHC class II. FO-II may be an intermediate in FO-I differentiation and may also become MZ B-cells as suggested by principle component analysis. MZ B-cells possessed the most distinct transcriptome including down-regulation of CD45 phosphatase-associated protein (CD45-AP/PTPRC-AP), as well as upregulation of IL-9R and innate molecules TLR3, TLR7, and bactericidal Perforin-2 (MPEG1). Among the endosomal TLRs, stimulation via TLR3 further enhanced Perforin-2 expression exclusively in MZ B-cells. Using gene-deleted and overexpressing transgenic mice we show that IL-9/IL-9R interaction resulted in rapid activation of STAT1, 3, and 5, primarily in MZ B-cells. Importantly, CD45-AP mutant mice had reduced transitional and increased mature MZ and FO B-cells, suggesting that it prevents premature entry of transitional B-cells to the mature B-cell pool or their survival and proliferation. Together, these findings suggest, developmental plasticity among splenic B-cell subsets, potential for receptor revision in peripheral tolerance whereas enhanced metabolism coincides with T2 to mature B-cell differentiation. Further, unique core transcriptional signatures in MZ B-cells may control their innate features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Kleiman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, FL , USA
| | - Daria Salyakina
- Center for Computational Science, University of Miami , Miami, FL , USA
| | - Magali De Heusch
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch , Brussels , Belgium ; de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Kristen L Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN , USA
| | - Joan M Llanes
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN , USA
| | - Iris Castro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, FL , USA
| | - Jacqueline A Wright
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, FL , USA
| | - Emily S Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, FL , USA
| | - Derek M Dykxhoorn
- Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami , Miami, FL , USA
| | - Enrico Capobianco
- Center for Computational Science, University of Miami , Miami, FL , USA
| | - Akiko Takeda
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO , USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch , Brussels , Belgium ; de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Wasif N Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, FL , USA
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Kataoka TR, Kumanogoh A, Fukuishi N, Ueshima C, Hirata M, Moriyoshi K, Tsuruyama T, Haga H. CD72 negatively regulates mouse mast cell functions and down-regulates the expression of KIT and Fc RI. Int Immunol 2014; 27:95-103. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxu087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Bökers S, Urbat A, Daniel C, Amann K, Smith KGC, Espéli M, Nitschke L. Siglec-G deficiency leads to more severe collagen-induced arthritis and earlier onset of lupus-like symptoms in MRL/lpr mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:2994-3002. [PMID: 24600033 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Siglec-G is a member of the sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin (Siglec) family expressed on all B cells. Siglec-G-deficient mice show a large expansion of the B1 cell compartment, demonstrating the crucial role of Siglec-G as an inhibitory receptor on this cellular subset. Although Siglec-G-deficient mice did not develop spontaneous autoimmunity, mice double-deficient for Siglec-G and the related Siglec protein CD22 did show autoimmunity at an older age. In this study, we addressed the question of whether loss of Siglec G on its own affects disease severity in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Siglec-G-deficient mice showed moderately increased clinical severity and higher inflammation of the knee joints following collagen-induced arthritis, when compared with control mice. The Siglec-G-deficient mouse was also backcrossed to the autoimmune prone MLR/lpr background. Although both Siglec-G-deficient and control MRL/lpr mice developed a lupus-like disease, Siglec-G-deficient MRL/lpr mice showed an earlier occurrence of autoantibodies; a higher lymphoproliferation of B and T cells; and an earlier onset of disease, as shown by proteinuria and glomerular damage in the kidney. Moreover, Siglec-G-deficient female mice showed a significantly reduced survival compared with female control MRL/lpr mice. Thus, the loss of the inhibitory receptor Siglec-G led to a moderate exacerbation of disease severity and early onset in both collagen-induced arthritis and spontaneous lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bökers
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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29
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Tanaka J. Intravenous immunoglobulin suppresses B cell activities via antigen recognition region. Inflamm Regen 2014. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.34.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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30
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Saadoun D, Terrier B, Bannock J, Vazquez T, Massad C, Kang I, Joly F, Rosenzwajg M, Sene D, Benech P, Musset L, Klatzmann D, Meffre E, Cacoub P. Expansion of autoreactive unresponsive CD21-/low B cells in Sjögren's syndrome-associated lymphoproliferation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1085-96. [PMID: 23279883 DOI: 10.1002/art.37828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease associated with a high risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This study was undertaken to determine the nature of B cells driving lymphoproliferation in primary SS. METHODS B cell subsets and function were analyzed in peripheral blood from 66 adult patients with primary SS (including 14 patients with B cell lymphoproliferative disease [LPD]) and 30 healthy donors, using flow cytometry, calcium mobilization, and gene array analysis. The reactivity of recombinant antibodies isolated from single B cells from patients with primary SS and LPD was tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS We observed an expansion of an unusual CD21-/low B cell population that correlated with lymphoproliferation in patients with primary SS. A majority of CD21-/low B cells from patients with primary SS expressed autoreactive antibodies, which recognized nuclear and cytoplasmic structures. These B cells belonged to the memory compartment, since their Ig genes were mutated. They were unable to induce calcium flux, become activated, or proliferate in response to B cell receptor and/or CD40 triggering, suggesting that these autoreactive B cells may be anergic. However, CD21-/low B cells from patients with primary SS remained responsive to Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. Molecules specifically expressed in CD21-/low B cells that are likely to induce their unresponsive stage were detected in gene array analyses. CONCLUSION Patients with primary SS who display high frequencies of autoreactive and unresponsive CD21-/low B cells are susceptible to developing lymphoproliferation. These cells remain in peripheral blood controlled by functional anergy instead of being eliminated, and chronic antigenic stimulation through TLR stimulation may create a favorable environment for breaking tolerance and activating these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Saadoun
- CNRS UMR 7211, INSERM U959, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, Paris, France.
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Xu M, Hou R, Sato-Hayashizaki A, Man R, Zhu C, Wakabayashi C, Hirose S, Adachi T, Tsubata T. Cd72(c) is a modifier gene that regulates Fas(lpr)-induced autoimmune disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5436-45. [PMID: 23616572 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although modifier genes are extensively studied in various diseases, little is known about modifier genes that regulate autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune disease caused by the Fas(lpr) mutation depends on the genetic background of mouse strains, suggesting a crucial role of modifier genes. MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) (MRL/lpr) and AKR/lpr mice develop severe and mild lupus-like autoimmune disease, respectively, whereas this mutation does not cause disease on C57BL/6 (B6) or C3H background. Both MRL and AKR carry the same haplotype of the Cd72 gene encoding an inhibitory BCR coreceptor (CD72(c)), and CD72(c) contains several amino acid substitutions and a deletion in the extracellular region compared with CD72(a) and CD72(b). To address the role of Cd72(c) locus in the regulation of Fas(lpr)-induced autoimmune disease, we generated B6.CD72(c)/lpr and MRL.CD72(b)/lpr congenic mice. Introduction of the chromosomal interval containing Cd72(c) did not cause disease in B6 mice by itself, but caused development of lupus-like disease in the presence of Fas(lpr) on B6 background, clearly demonstrating that this interval contains the modifier gene that regulates Fas(lpr)-induced autoimmune disease. Conversely, MRL.CD72(b)/lpr congenic mice showed milder disease compared with MRL/lpr mice. We further demonstrated that Cd72(c) is a hypofunctional allele in BCR signal inhibition and that CD72 deficiency induces severe autoimmune disease in the presence of Fas(lpr). These results strongly suggest that the Cd72(c) is a crucial modifier gene that regulates Fas(lpr)-induced autoimmune disease due to its reduced activity of B cell signal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miduo Xu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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32
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Role of CREM in systemic lupus erythematosus. Cell Immunol 2012; 276:10-5. [PMID: 22560675 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease. Immune complex, autoantibodies and autoreactive lymphocytes are involved in manifestations of SLE. Recently, investigations have indicated that expression of the transcription factor cAMP responsive element modulator (CREM) is abnormal in T cells and might play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE. CREM has much influence on the promoters, such as IL-2, c-fos, TCR ζ, and SYK. Moreover, activity of CREM itself has been demonstrated, particularly with an auto-regulatory feedback mechanism. Therefore, we will discuss the association of CREM and SLE based on current knowledge to unravel the mechanism of CREM performance.
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Abstract
Mouse models of lupus have for many years provided accessible and reliable research systems for the pathogenesis and therapy of systemic autoimmune disease, spanning a spectrum of inbred strains that develop spontaneous disease to experimentally induced, sometimes genetically manipulated animals. Nearly all the models share in common the development of glomerulonephritis and autoantibodies, including antinuclear and DNA specificities, the most common endpoints examined in experimental studies, but exhibit specific differences in the incidence of other end-organ manifestations such as hemolytic anemia, arthritis, dermatitis, and vasculitis. This chapter contrasts the clinical characteristics of these various models, providing an outline for their use and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanford L Peng
- Rheumatology Clinical Research Unit, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.
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34
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Tanaka J, Hirano K, Sakamoto Y, Sugahara-Tobinai A, Endo S, Ito-Matsuoka Y, Nakano A, Inui M, Nitschke L, Takai T. Intravenous immunoglobulin suppresses IL-10 production by activated B cells in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/oji.2012.24019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Terrier B, Joly F, Vazquez T, Benech P, Rosenzwajg M, Carpentier W, Garrido M, Ghillani-Dalbin P, Klatzmann D, Cacoub P, Saadoun D. Expansion of Functionally Anergic CD21−/lowMarginal Zone-like B Cell Clones in Hepatitis C Virus Infection-Related Autoimmunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:6550-63. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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36
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O'Neill SK, Getahun A, Gauld SB, Merrell KT, Tamir I, Smith MJ, Dal Porto JM, Li QZ, Cambier JC. Monophosphorylation of CD79a and CD79b ITAM motifs initiates a SHIP-1 phosphatase-mediated inhibitory signaling cascade required for B cell anergy. Immunity 2011; 35:746-56. [PMID: 22078222 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anergic B cells are characterized by impaired signaling and activation after aggregation of their antigen receptors (BCR). The molecular basis of this impairment is not understood. In studies reported here, Src homology-2 (SH2)-containing inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP-1 and its adaptor Dok-1 were found to be constitutively phosphorylated in anergic B cells, and activation of this inhibitory circuit was dependent on Src-family kinase activity and consequent to biased BCR immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) monophosphorylation. B cell-targeted deletion of SHIP-1 caused severe lupus-like disease. Moreover, absence of SHIP-1 in B cells led to loss of anergy as indicated by restoration of BCR signaling, loss of anergic surface phenotype, and production of autoantibodies. Thus, chronic BCR signals maintain anergy in part via ITAM monophosphorylation-directed activation of an inhibitory signaling circuit involving SHIP-1 and Dok-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon K O'Neill
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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Wong YT, Gruber J, Jenner AM, Tay FEH, Ruan R. Chronic resveratrol intake reverses pro-inflammatory cytokine profile and oxidative DNA damage in ageing hybrid mice. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 33:229-246. [PMID: 20730501 PMCID: PMC3168607 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-010-9174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Thymic involution and shrinkage of secondary lymphoid organs are leading causes of the deterioration of the T-cell compartment with age. Inflamm-aging, a sustained inflammatory status, has been associated with chronic diseases and shortened longevity. This is the first study to investigate the effect of treating aging hybrid mice with long-term, low-dose resveratrol (RSV) in drinking water by assessing multiple immunological markers and profiles in the immune system. We found that hybrid mice exhibited marked age-related changes in the CD3+CD4+, C3+CD8+, CD4+CD25+, CD4M and CD8M surface markers. RSV reversed surface phenotypes of old mice to that of young mice by maintaining the CD4+ and CD8+ population in splenocytes as well as reducing CD8+CD44+ (CD8M) cells in the aged. RSV also enhanced the CD4+CD25+ population in old mice. Interestingly, pro-inflammatory status in young mice was transiently elevated by RSV but it consequently mitigated the age-dependent increased pro-inflammatory cytokine profile while preserving the anti-inflammatory cytokine condition in the old mice. Age-dependent increase in 8OHdG, an oxidative DNA damage marker was ameliorated by RSV. Immunological-focused microarray gene expression analysis showed that only the CD72 gene was significantly downregulated in the 12-month RSV-treated mice compared to age-matched controls. Our study indicates that RSV even at low physiological relevant levels is able to affect the immune system without causing marked gene expression changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Ting Wong
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, #04-01, The Nanos, Singapore, Singapore 138669
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan Gruber
- Neurobiology and Ageing Programme, Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew M. Jenner
- Neurobiology and Ageing Programme, Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francis Eng Hock Tay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Medical Devices Research Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Runsheng Ruan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, #04-01, The Nanos, Singapore, Singapore 138669
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Abstract
A byproduct of the largely stochastic generation of a diverse B-cell specificity repertoire is production of cells that recognize autoantigens. Indeed, recent studies indicate that more than half of the primary repertoire consists of autoreactive B cells that must be silenced to prevent autoimmunity. While this silencing can occur by multiple mechanisms, it appears that most autoreactive B cells are silenced by anergy, wherein they populate peripheral lymphoid organs and continue to express unoccupied antigen receptors yet are unresponsive to antigen stimulation. Here we review molecular mechanisms that appear operative in maintaining the antigen unresponsiveness of anergic B cells. In addition, we present new data indicating that the failure of anergic B cells to mobilize calcium in response to antigen stimulation is not mediated by inactivation of stromal interacting molecule 1, a critical intermediary in intracellular store depletion-induced calcium influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Yarkoni
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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Antoni A, Graham LH, Rauch J, Levine JS. Altered cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in the development of systemic autoimmunity. Autoimmunity 2009; 42:278-81. [PMID: 19811276 DOI: 10.1080/08916930902828114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
MPhi of mice from the major inbred models of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an identical defect affecting the activity of the cytoskeletal regulator and G-protein Rho. This abnormality is triggered by apo cells. Strikingly, SLE-prone MPhi show normal Rho activity when cultured in the absence of apo cells. We used gene arrays to identify adhesion-related gene products that are abnormally expressed by MPhi from prediseased 4-6-week-old SLE-prone MRL mice in the presence of serum lipids mimicking apo cells (SL-Apo). MPhi of MRL mice differentially expressed 42 adhesion-related genes in the presence of SL-Apo. Of these, 32 were expressed normally in the absence of SL-Apo. As adhesive interactions play a major role in lymphocyte activation, the detected apo cell-dependent abnormality could predispose to the development of autoimmunity. Indeed, several recent genetic studies support a role for adhesion-related genes in the pathogenesis of chronic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Antoni
- Department of Biology, Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, Kutztown, PA 19530, USA.
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Immune Semaphorins: Novel Features of Neural Guidance Molecules. J Clin Immunol 2008; 29:1-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-008-9263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wu HJ, Bondada S. CD72, a coreceptor with both positive and negative effects on B lymphocyte development and function. J Clin Immunol 2008; 29:12-21. [PMID: 19067131 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-008-9264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION B lymphocytes remain in a resting state until activated by antigenic stimuli through interaction with the B cell receptor (BCR). Coreceptors on B cells can modulate the thresholds for signaling through the BCR for growth and differentiation. CD72 is a B cell coreceptor that has been shown to interact with CD100, a semaphorin, and to enhance BCR signaling. DISCUSSION CD72 ligation induces a variety of early signaling events such as activation of the Src kinases Blk and Lyn and the non-src kinase Btk leading to activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, events usually associated with positive signaling. CD72 signals can enable Btk-deficient B cells to overcome their unresponsiveness to BCR signaling. On the other hand, BCR-mediated signals are enhanced in CD72-deficient cells but are reduced in CD100 null cells. The dual effects of CD72 on B cells can be explained by its association with positive and negative signaling molecules. Thus, CD72 interacts with SHP-1, an SH2-domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase, a negative regulator of signaling, and Grb2, an adaptor protein associated with the Ras/MAPK pathway. Ligation of CD72 also triggered its association with CD19, a positive modulator of B cell receptor signaling. We propose a dual signaling hypothesis to explain the growth and differentiation promoting properties of CD72. Deficiency in either CD72 or CD100 leads to autoimmunity in mouse models. CD72 expression and polymorphisms exhibit some association with autoimmune diseases such as lupus, Sjogren's syndrome, and type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Jung Wu
- Section on Immunology and Immunogenetics, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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