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Barbado J. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation may be able to induce immunological tolerance in systemic lupus erythematosus. Biomed J 2024:100724. [PMID: 38616015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common, potentially fatal autoimmune disease involving a significant inflammatory response. SLE is characterised by failure of self-tolerance and activation of autoreactive lymphocytes, leading to persistent disease. Although current treatments achieve some improvement in patients, some SLE patients are refractory and others relapse after drug withdrawal. The toxicity of current drug regimens, with recurrent infections, together with ongoing inflammation, contribute significantly to the progressive decline in organ function. Therefore, the clinical management of SLE requires more effective and less toxic treatments, ideally inducing complete remission and self-tolerance. In this context, recently developed cell therapies based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising and safe strategy in SLE. MSCs inhibit the activation of B cells, prevent the differentiation of CD4⁺ T cells into autoreactive T cells, reprogram macrophages with anti-inflammatory effects and inhibit dendritic cells (DCs), limiting their activity as antigen-presenting cells. In addition, MSCs could induce antigen-specific tolerance by enhancing anergy processes in autoreactive cells - by inhibiting the maturation of antigen-presenting DCs, blocking the T cell receptor (TcR) pathway and secreting inhibitory molecules -, increasing apoptotic activity to eliminate them, and activating regulatory T cells (Tregs) to enhance their proliferation and induction of tolerogenic DCs. Thus, induction of self-tolerance leads to immune balance, keeping inflammation under control and reducing lupus flares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Barbado
- Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Rio Hortega, Valladolid, C/ Dulzaina nº2, 47012, Spain.
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Li C, Sun Y, Xu W, Chang F, Wang Y, Ding J. Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Involved Strategies for Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2305116. [PMID: 38477559 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints and bone destruction. Because of systemic administration and poor targeting, traditional anti-rheumatic drugs have unsatisfactory treatment efficacy and strong side effects, including myelosuppression, liver or kidney function damage, and malignant tumors. Consequently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-involved therapy is proposed for RA therapy as a benefit of their immunosuppressive and tissue-repairing effects. This review summarizes the progress of MSCs-involved RA therapy through suppressing inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration and predicts their potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4026 Yatai Street, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yifu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4026 Yatai Street, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Fei Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4026 Yatai Street, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department of Biobank, Division of Clinical Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130061, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130061, P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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Karimi F, Nejati B, Rahimi F, Alivirdiloo V, Alipourfard I, Aghighi A, Raji-Amirhasani A, Eslami M, Babaeizad A, Ghazi F, Firouzi Amandi A, Dadashpour M. A State-of-the-Art Review on the Recent Advances of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapeutic Application in Systematic Lupus Erythematosus. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:160-184. [PMID: 38031988 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2289066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with an unknown etiology that has widespread clinical and immunological manifestations. Despite the increase in knowledge about the pathogenesis process and the increase in treatment options, however, the treatments fail in half of the cases. Therefore, there is still a need for research on new therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are powerful regulators of the immune system and can reduce the symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus. This study aimed to review the mechanisms of immune system modulation by MSCs and the role of these cells in the treatment of SLE. MSCs suppress T lymphocytes through various mechanisms, including the production of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-B), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), and indolamine 2 and 3-oxygenase (IDO). In addition, MSCs inhibit the production of their autoantibodies by inhibiting the differentiation of lymphocytes. The production of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens is an important feature of SLE. On the other hand, MSCs inhibit antigen delivery by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to T lymphocytes. Studies in animal models have shown the effectiveness of these cells in treating SLE. However, few studies have been performed on the effectiveness of this treatment in humans. It can be expected that new treatment strategies for SLE will be introduced in the future, given the promising results of MSCs application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Karimi
- Department of Optometry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Babak Nejati
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Zahra Mardani Azar Children Training Research and Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Alivirdiloo
- Medical Doctor Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
| | - Iraj Alipourfard
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ali Aghighi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Raji-Amirhasani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid Eslami
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Babaeizad
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Farhood Ghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Dadashpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Cheng HY, Anggelia MR, Liu SC, Lin CF, Lin CH. Enhancing Immunomodulatory Function of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Hydrogel Encapsulation. Cells 2024; 13:210. [PMID: 38334602 PMCID: PMC10854565 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) showcase remarkable immunoregulatory capabilities in vitro, positioning them as promising candidates for cellular therapeutics. However, the process of administering MSCs and the dynamic in vivo environment may impact the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions of MSCs, consequently influencing their survival, engraftment, and their immunomodulatory efficacy. Addressing these concerns, hydrogel encapsulation emerges as a promising solution to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of MSCs in vivo. Hydrogel, a highly flexible crosslinked hydrophilic polymer with a substantial water content, serves as a versatile platform for MSC encapsulation. Demonstrating improved engraftment and heightened immunomodulatory functions in vivo, MSCs encapsulated by hydrogel are at the forefront of advancing therapeutic outcomes. This review delves into current advancements in the field, with a focus on tuning various hydrogel parameters to elucidate mechanistic insights and elevate functional outcomes. Explored parameters encompass hydrogel composition, involving monomer type, functional modification, and co-encapsulation, along with biomechanical and physical properties like stiffness, viscoelasticity, topology, and porosity. The impact of these parameters on MSC behaviors and immunomodulatory functions is examined. Additionally, we discuss potential future research directions, aiming to kindle sustained interest in the exploration of hydrogel-encapsulated MSCs in the realm of immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yun Cheng
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
| | - Madonna Rica Anggelia
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Chin Liu
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Fan Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
| | - Cheng-Hung Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Hosseini S, Mahmoudi M, Rezaieyazdi Z, Shapouri-Moghaddam A, Hosseinzadeh A, Arab FL, Tabasi NS, Esmaeili SA. Lupus mice derived mesenchymal stromal cells: Beneficial or detrimental on SLE disease outcome. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111306. [PMID: 38039717 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against nuclear genes, deposition of immune complexes, and autoimmune T cells, through which, tissue damage would ultimately occur. Furthermore, loss of immune tolerance and imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells in addition to Th17/Treg are contributed to the pathogenesis of SLE. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) infusion is a potential therapy for SLE disease. Despite a majority of SLE patients achieving clinical remission after allogeneic MSC infusion from healthy individuals, SLE patients have less benefited from autologous MSC infusion, justifying the probable compromised function of SLE patients-derived MSCs. In this study, we aim to further investigate the potential immunoregulatory mechanisms in which mesenchymal stromal cells derived from pristane-induced lupus mice, following injection into healthy and lupus mice, exert their possible effects on the lupus process. METHOD 40 female Balb/c mice aged 3 weeks were purchased and randomly divided into six groups. First, lupus disease was induced into the lupus groups by intraperitoneal injection of pristane and then the mice were surveyed for 6 months. The body weight, anti-dsDNA autoantibody levels, serum creatinine, and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) levels were measured in two-month intervals. After 6 months, the group of lupus mice was sacrificed, and lupus MSCs were isolated. Two months later, cultured lupus MSCs were intravenously injected into two groups of healthy and lupus mice. After two months, the mice were euthanized and the kidneys of each group were examined histologically by hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining and the immunofluorescence method was also performed to evaluate IgG and C3 deposition. The frequency of splenic Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells was measured by flow cytometry. Moreover, the cytokine levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17, and TGF-β in sera were measured by ELISA method. RESULTS Our results showed that the induction of lupus disease by pristane in Balb/c mice caused the formation of lipogranuloma, increased levels of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, and impaired renal function in all pristane-induced lupus groups. In addition, the injection of lupus mesenchymal stromal cells (L-MSC) into healthy and lupus mice led to a further rise in anti-dsDNA serum levels, IgG and C3 deposition, and further dysfunction of mice renal tissue. Also, the flow cytometry results implicated that compared to the control groups, splenic Th1, Th2, and Th17 inflammatory cell subtypes and their secreted cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17) in the sera of healthy and lupus mice were increased after the intake of L-MSC. Additionally, the splenic Treg cells were also significantly increased in the lupus mice receiving L-MSC. However, a decrease in serum levels of TGF-β cytokine was observed in healthy and lupus mice following L-MSC injection. In contrast, the lupus mice receiving healthy mesenchymal stem cells (H-MSC) manifested opposite results. CONCLUSION In a nutshell, our results suggest that although allogeneic MSCs are encouraging candidates for SLE treatment, syngeneic MSCs may not be eligible for treating SLE patients due to their defects in regulating the immune system in addition to their capability in promoting inflammation which would consequently worsen the SLE disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hosseini
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaieyazdi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Shapouri-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, BuAli Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Akram Hosseinzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Lavi Arab
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Sadat Tabasi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Peng YQ, Deng XH, Xu ZB, Wu ZC, Fu QL. Mesenchymal stromal cells and their small extracellular vesicles in allergic diseases: From immunomodulation to therapy. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2149510. [PMID: 37572379 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have long been considered a potential tool for treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases, owing to their immunomodulatory characteristics. In recent decades, the medical utility of MSCs has been evaluated both in vitro and in vivo, providing a foundation for therapeutic applications. However, the existing limitations of MSC therapy indicate the necessity for novel therapies. Notably, small extracellular vesicles (sEV) derived from MSCs have emerged rapidly as candidates instead of their parental cells. The acquisition of abundant and scalable MSC-sEV is an obstacle for clinical applications. The potential application of MSC-sEV in allergic diseases has attracted increasing attention from researchers. By carrying biological microRNAs or active proteins, MSC-sEV can modulate the function of various innate and adaptive immune cells. In this review, we summarise the recent advances in the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in allergic diseases, the cellular sources of MSC-sEV, and the methods for obtaining high-quality human MSC-sEV. In addition, we discuss the immunoregulatory capacity of MSCs and MSC-sEV for the treatment of asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis, with a special emphasis on their immunoregulatory effects and the underlying mechanisms of immune cell modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qi Peng
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Deng
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Xu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Cong Wu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Ling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zou Z, Li H, Yu K, Ma K, Wang Q, Tang J, Liu G, Lim K, Hooper G, Woodfield T, Cui X, Zhang W, Tian K. The potential role of synovial cells in the progression and treatment of osteoarthritis. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20220132. [PMID: 37933282 PMCID: PMC10582617 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the commonest arthritis, is characterized by the progressive destruction of cartilage, leading to disability. The Current early clinical treatment strategy for OA often centers on anti-inflammatory or analgesia medication, weight loss, improved muscular function and articular cartilage repair. Although these treatments can relieve symptoms, OA tends to be progressive, and most patients require arthroplasty at the terminal stages of OA. Recent studies have shown a close correlation between joint pain, inflammation, cartilage destruction and synovial cells. Consequently, understanding the potential mechanisms associated with the action of synovial cells in OA could be beneficial for the clinical management of OA. Therefore, this review comprehensively describes the biological functions of synovial cells, the synovium, together with the pathological changes of synovial cells in OA, and the interaction between the cartilage and synovium, which is lacking in the present literature. Additionally, therapeutic approaches based on synovial cells for OA treatment are further discussed from a clinical perspective, highlighting a new direction in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaijun Zou
- Department of Sports MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Han Li
- Department of Sports MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Bone and JointCentral Hospital of Zhuang He CityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Clinical MedicineChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Qiguang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen)ShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Khoon Lim
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group (CReaTE)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal MedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Gary Hooper
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group (CReaTE)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal MedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Tim Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group (CReaTE)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal MedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Department of Sports MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
- School of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen)ShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group (CReaTE)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal MedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Sports MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopaedic DiseasesLiaoning ProvinceDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Kang Tian
- Department of Sports MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopaedic DiseasesLiaoning ProvinceDalianLiaoningChina
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Xu W, Yang Y, Li N, Hua J. Interaction between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune Cells during Bone Injury Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14484. [PMID: 37833933 PMCID: PMC10572976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fractures are the most common large organ trauma in humans. The initial inflammatory response promotes bone healing during the initial post-fracture phase, but chronic and persistent inflammation due to infection or other factors does not contribute to the healing process. The precise mechanisms by which immune cells and their cytokines are regulated in bone healing remain unclear. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cellular therapy of bone injuries is a novel clinical treatment approach. Bone progenitor MSCs not only differentiate into bone, but also interact with the immune system to promote the healing process. We review in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of the immune system and bone marrow MSCs in bone healing and their interactions. A deeper understanding of this paradigm may provide clues to potential therapeutic targets in the healing process, thereby improving the reliability and safety of clinical applications of MSCs to promote bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Na Li
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (W.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jinlian Hua
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (W.X.); (Y.Y.)
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Guo F, Pan Q, Chen T, Liao S, Li S, Li A, Chen S, Chen J, Xiao Z, Su H, Yang L, Yang C, Liu HF, Pan Q. hUC-MSC transplantation therapy effects on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice at early disease stages. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:211. [PMID: 37605271 PMCID: PMC10441722 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) transplantation in treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been confirmed by small-scale clinical trials. However, these trials focused on severe or refractory SLE, while few studies focused on mild SLE. Therefore, this study focused on the therapeutic effects of hUC-MSC transplantation in early-stage or mild MRL/lpr lupus model mice. METHODS Commercially available hUC-MSCs were transplanted into 8-week-old MRL/lpr mice by tail vein injection. Flow cytometry was used to analyze B cells and their subsets in the peripheral blood. Further, plasma inflammatory factors, autoantibodies, and plasma biochemical indices were detected using protein chip technology and ELISA kits. In addition, pathological staining and immunofluorescence were performed to detect kidney injury in mice. RESULTS hUC-MSC transplantation did not affect the mice's body weight, and both middle and high dose hUC-MSC transplantation (MD and HD group) actually reduced spleen weight. hUC-MSC transplantation significantly decreased the proportion of plasmablasts (PB), IgG1- PB, IgG1+ PB, IgG1+ memory B (MB) cells, IgG1+ DN MB, and IgG1+ SP MB cells. The hUC-MSC transplantation had significantly reduced plasma levels of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-13. Pathological staining showed that the infiltration of glomerular inflammatory cells was significantly reduced and that the level of glomerular fibrosis was significantly alleviated in hUC-MSC-transplanted mice. Immunofluorescence assays showed that the deposition of IgG and IgM antibodies in the kidneys of hUC-MSC-transplanted mice was significantly lower than in the control. CONCLUSION hUC-MSC transplantation could inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of peripheral blood B cells in the early-stage of MRL/lpr mice, thereby alleviating the plasma inflammatory environment in mice, leading to kidney injury remission. The study provides a new and feasible strategy for SLE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbiao Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Quanren Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuzhen Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Shangmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Aifen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Zengzhi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyong Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Lawei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qingjun Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China.
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Yan L, Li J, Zhang C. The role of MSCs and CAR-MSCs in cellular immunotherapy. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:187. [PMID: 37528472 PMCID: PMC10391838 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are widely used by T cells (CAR-T cells), natural killer cells dendritic cells and macrophages, and they are of great importance in cellular immunotherapy. However, the use of CAR-related products faces several challenges, including the poor persistence of cells carrying CARs, cell dysfunction or exhaustion, relapse of disease, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, cytokine release syndrome, low efficacy against solid tumors and immunosuppression by the tumor microenvironment. Another important cell therapy regimen involves mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Recent studies have shown that MSCs can improve the anticancer functions of CAR-related products. CAR-MSCs can overcome the flaws of cellular immunotherapy. Thus, MSCs can be used as a biological vehicle for CARs. In this review, we first discuss the characteristics and immunomodulatory functions of MSCs. Then, the role of MSCs as a source of exosomes, including the characteristics of MSC-derived exosomes and their immunomodulatory functions, is discussed. The role of MSCs in CAR-related products, CAR-related product-derived exosomes and the effect of MSCs on CAR-related products are reviewed. Finally, the use of MSCs as CAR vehicles is discussed. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Yan
- Medical Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jing Li
- Medical Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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11
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Lee BW, Kwok SK. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Based Therapies in Systemic Rheumatic Disease: From Challenges to New Approaches for Overcoming Restrictions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10161. [PMID: 37373308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis, are chronic autoimmune diseases affecting multiple organs and tissues. Despite recent advances in treatment, patients still experience significant morbidity and disability. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy is promising for treating systemic rheumatic diseases due to the regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs. However, several challenges need to be overcome to use MSCs in clinical practice effectively. These challenges include MSC sourcing, characterization, standardization, safety, and efficacy issues. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of MSC-based therapies in systemic rheumatic diseases, highlighting the challenges and limitations associated with their use. We also discuss emerging strategies and novel approaches that can help overcome the limitations. Finally, we provide insights into the future directions of MSC-based therapies for systemic rheumatic diseases and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Woo Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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12
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Chen W, Lv L, Chen N, Cui E. Immunogenicity of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. Scand J Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine 313000 Zhejiang No. 1558, Third Ring North Road, Huzhou China
| | - Lu Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine 313000 Zhejiang No. 1558, Third Ring North Road, Huzhou China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine 313000 Zhejiang No. 1558, Third Ring North Road, Huzhou China
| | - Enhai Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine 313000 Zhejiang No. 1558, Third Ring North Road, Huzhou China
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13
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Sardana Y, Bhatti GK, Singh C, Sharma PK, Reddy PH, Bhatti JS. Progression of pre-rheumatoid arthritis to clinical disease of joints: Potential role of mesenchymal stem cells. Life Sci 2023; 321:121641. [PMID: 36997059 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) related autoimmunity is developed at mucosal sites due to the interplay between genetic risk factors and environmental triggers. The pre-RA phase that leads to anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and other autoantibodies spread in the systemic circulation may not affect articular tissue for years until a mysterious second hit triggers the localization of RA-related autoimmunity in joints. Several players in the joint microenvironment mediate the synovial innate and adaptive immunological processes, eventually leading to clinical synovitis. There still exists a gap in the early phase of RA pathogenesis, i.e., the progression of diseases from the systemic circulation to joints. The lack of better understanding of these events results in the inability to answer questions about why only after a certain point of time the disease appears in joints and why in some cases, it simply remains latent and doesn't affect joints at all. In the current review, we focused on the immunomodulatory and regenerative role of mesenchymal stem cells and associated exosomes in RA pathology. We also highlighted the age-related dysregulations in activities of mesenchymal stem cells and how that might trigger homing of systemic autoimmunity to joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Sardana
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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14
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Mesenchymal stem cells and connective tissue diseases: From bench to bedside. J Transl Int Med 2022. [PMID: 37533846 PMCID: PMC10393058 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2022-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The pathogenesis of connective tissue diseases (CTDs), represented by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), includes various immune cells involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are unique due to their regulatory effect on immunity. This makes them a promising therapeutic approach for patients with immune-mediated disorders such as CTD. The safety and clinical efficacy of MSC treatment in CTD have been tested in a growing number of preclinical and clinical studies. Administration of MSCs has consistently shown benefits with both symptomatic and histologic improvement in CTD animal models. MSC therapies in severe and drug-resistant CTD patients have shown promise in a number of the pilot studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials in SLE, RA, and SSc, but some problems still need to be resolved in the transition from the bench to the bedside. The relevant studies in pSS and IIM are still in their infancy, but have displayed encouraging outcomes. Considerable efficacy variations have been observed in terms of the route of delivery, time of MSC injection, origin of the MSCs and dosage. Furthermore, the optimization of conventional drugs combined with MSC therapies and the applications of novel cell engineering approaches requires additional research. In this review, we summarize the current evidence about the immunoregulatory mechanism of MSCs, as well as the preclinical and clinical studies of MSC-based therapy for the treatment of CTDs.
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15
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Huang Y, Wu Q, Tam PKH. Immunomodulatory Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Potential Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710023. [PMID: 36077421 PMCID: PMC9456387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with the capacity of self-renewal, homing, and low immunogenicity. These distinct biological characteristics have already shown immense potential in regenerative medicine. MSCs also possess immunomodulatory properties that can maintain immune homeostasis when the immune response is over-activated or under-activated. The secretome of MSCs consists of cytokines, chemokines, signaling molecules, and growth factors, which effectively contribute to the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. The immunomodulatory effects of MSCs can also be achieved through direct cell contact with microenvironmental factors and immune cells. Furthermore, preconditioned and engineered MSCs can specifically improve the immunomodulation effects in diverse clinical applications. These multifunctional properties of MSCs enable them to be used as a prospective therapeutic strategy to treat immune disorders, including autoimmune diseases and incurable inflammatory diseases. Here we review the recent exploration of immunomodulatory mechanisms of MSCs and briefly discuss the promotion of the genetically engineered MSCs. Additionally, we review the potential clinical applications of MSC-mediated immunomodulation in four types of immune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn’s disease, graft-versus-host disease, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (P.K.H.T.)
| | - Paul Kwong Hang Tam
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (P.K.H.T.)
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16
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Zhang E, Phan P, Zhao Z. Cellular nanovesicles for therapeutic immunomodulation: A perspective on engineering strategies and new advances. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1789-1827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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17
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Cross Talk between Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Innate Immunocytes Concerning Lupus Disease. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2781-2796. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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18
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Molnar V, Pavelić E, Vrdoljak K, Čemerin M, Klarić E, Matišić V, Bjelica R, Brlek P, Kovačić I, Tremolada C, Primorac D. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Effects in Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13060949. [PMID: 35741711 PMCID: PMC9222975 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With the insufficient satisfaction rates and high cost of operative treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), alternatives have been sought. Furthermore, the inability of current medications to arrest disease progression has led to rapidly growing clinical research relating to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The availability and function of MSCs vary according to tissue source. The three primary sources include the placenta, bone marrow, and adipose tissue, all of which offer excellent safety profiles. The primary mechanisms of action are trophic and immunomodulatory effects, which prevent the further degradation of joints. However, the function and degree to which benefits are observed vary significantly based on the exosomes secreted by MSCs. Paracrine and autocrine mechanisms prevent cell apoptosis and tissue fibrosis, initiate angiogenesis, and stimulate mitosis via growth factors. MSCs have even been shown to exhibit antimicrobial effects. Clinical results incorporating clinical scores and objective radiological imaging have been promising, but a lack of standardization in isolating MSCs prevents their incorporation in current guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilim Molnar
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.P.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (P.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Eduard Pavelić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.P.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Kristijan Vrdoljak
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.V.); (M.Č.)
| | - Martin Čemerin
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.V.); (M.Č.)
| | - Emil Klarić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.P.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Vid Matišić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.P.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Roko Bjelica
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Petar Brlek
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.P.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (P.B.)
| | | | | | - Dragan Primorac
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.P.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (P.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Medical School REGIOMED, 96450 Coburg, Germany
- Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Correspondence:
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19
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Yuan M, Hu X, Yao L, Jiang Y, Li L. Mesenchymal stem cell homing to improve therapeutic efficacy in liver disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:179. [PMID: 35505419 PMCID: PMC9066724 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02858-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, as an alternative strategy to orthotopic liver transplantation, has been evaluated for treating end-stage liver disease. Although the therapeutic mechanism of MSC transplantation remains unclear, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that MSCs can regenerate tissues and self-renew to repair the liver through differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells, immune regulation, and anti-fibrotic mechanisms. Multiple clinical trials have confirmed that MSC transplantation restores liver function and alleviates liver damage. A sufficient number of MSCs must be home to the target tissues after administration for successful application. However, inefficient homing of MSCs after systemic administration is a major limitation in MSC therapy. Here, we review the mechanisms and clinical application status of MSCs in the treatment of liver disease and comprehensively summarize the molecular mechanisms of MSC homing, and various strategies for promoting MSC homing to improve the treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lichao Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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20
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Matsuda S, Kotani T, Saito T, Suzuka T, Mori T, Takeuchi T. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Enhanced Therapeutic Effects of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Administration in a Mouse Model of Lupus Nephritis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:792739. [PMID: 35095868 PMCID: PMC8792143 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.792739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lupus nephritis is a life-threatening complication in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the efficiency of current therapies involving corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biological agents is limited. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are gaining attention as a novel treatment for inflammation in SLE. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) exhibits multiple functions including anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and cell function-promoting effects. LMWH stimulation is expected to increase the therapeutic effect of ASCs by promoting cellular functions. In this study, we investigated the effects of LMWH on ASC functions and the therapeutic effect of LMWH-activated human-ASCs (hep-hASCs) in an SLE mouse model. Methods The cellular functions of human-derived ASCs stimulated with different LMWH concentrations were observed, and the optimum LMWH dose was selected. The mice were assigned to control, human-ASC, and hep-hASC groups; treatments were performed on week 20. Twenty-six week-old mice were sacrificed, and urine protein score, serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine (Cr), anti-ds DNA IgG antibody, and serum IL-6 levels were analyzed in each group. Mice kidneys were evaluated via histological examination, immunohistochemical staining, and gene expression levels. Results LMWH significantly promoted ASC migration and proliferation and hepatocyte growth factor production and upregulated immunomodulatory factors in vitro. Hep-hASC administration resulted in significant disease activity improvement including proteinuria, serum Cr and IL-6 levels, anti-ds DNA IgG antibody, glomerulonephritis, and immune complex in mice. Inflammation and fibrosis in kidneys was significantly suppressed in the hep-hASC group; the gene expression levels of TNF-alpha, TIMP-2, and MMP-2 was significantly downregulated in the hep-hASC group compared with the control group. Conclusions Hep-hASC exhibited higher anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects than hASCs and may be a candidate tool for SLE treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Matsuda
- Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Takuya Kotani
- Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Takayasu Suzuka
- Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Mori
- Medical Education Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Tohru Takeuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
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21
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Immune Cell Interaction and Related Modulations for Bone Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:7153584. [PMID: 35154331 PMCID: PMC8825274 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7153584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical bone defects and related delayed union and nonunion are still worldwide problems to be solved. Bone tissue engineering is mainly aimed at achieving satisfactory bone reconstruction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate into bone cells and can be used as one of the key pillars of bone tissue engineering. In recent decades, immune responses play an important role in bone regeneration. Innate immune responses provide a suitable inflammatory microenvironment for bone regeneration and initiate bone regeneration in the early stage of fracture repair. Adaptive immune responses maintain bone regeneration and bone remodeling. MSCs and immune cells regulate each other. All kinds of immune cells and secreted cytokines can regulate the migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, which have a strong immunomodulatory ability to these immune cells. This review mainly introduces the interaction between MSCs and immune cells on bone regeneration and its potential mechanism, and discusses the practical application in bone tissue engineering by modulating this kind of cell-to-cell crosstalk. Thus, an in-depth understanding of these principles of bone immunology can provide a new way for bone tissue engineering.
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22
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Ehnert S, Relja B, Schmidt-Bleek K, Fischer V, Ignatius A, Linnemann C, Rinderknecht H, Huber-Lang M, Kalbitz M, Histing T, Nussler AK. Effects of immune cells on mesenchymal stem cells during fracture healing. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1667-1695. [PMID: 34909117 PMCID: PMC8641016 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, bone is considered an osteoimmune system which encompasses functions of a locomotive organ, a mineral reservoir, a hormonal organ, a stem cell pool and a cradle for immune cells. This osteoimmune system is based on cooperatively acting bone and immune cells, cohabitating within the bone marrow. They are highly interdependent, a fact that is confounded by shared progenitors, mediators, and signaling pathways. Successful fracture healing requires the participation of all the precursors, immune and bone cells found in the osteoimmune system. Recent evidence demonstrated that changes of the immune cell composition and function may negatively influence bone healing. In this review, first the interplay between different immune cell types and osteoprogenitor cells will be elaborated more closely. The separate paragraphs focus on the specific cell types, starting with the cells of the innate immune response followed by cells of the adaptive immune response, and the complement system as mediator between them. Finally, a brief overview on the challenges of preclinical testing of immune-based therapeutic strategies to support fracture healing will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute and Berlin Institute of Health Center of Regenerative Therapies, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Verena Fischer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89091, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89091, Germany
| | - Caren Linnemann
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Helen Rinderknecht
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology (ITI), University Hospital Ulm, Ulm 89091, Germany
| | - Miriam Kalbitz
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Tina Histing
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Andreas K Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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23
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Immunomodulatory Actions of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) in Osteoarthritis of the Knee. OSTEOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/osteology1040020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cellular therapy offers regeneration which curbs osteoarthritis of the knee. Among cellular therapies, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are readily isolated from various sources as culture expanded and unexpanded cellular population which are used as therapeutic products. Though MSCs possess a unique immunological and regulatory profile through cross-talk between MSCs and immunoregulatory cells (T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, B cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages), they provide an immunotolerant environment when transplanted to the site of action. Immunophenotypic profile allows MSCs to escape immune surveillance and promotes their hypoimmunogenic or immune-privileged status. MSCs do not elicit a proliferative response when co-cultured with allogeneic T cells in vitro. MSCs secrete a wide range of anti-inflammatory mediators such as PGE-2, IDO, IL-1Ra, and IL-10. They also stimulate the resilient chondrogenic progenitors and enhance the chondrocyte differentiation by secretion of BMPs and TGFβ1. We highlight the various mechanisms of MSCs during tissue healing signals, their interaction with the immune system, and the impact of their lifespan in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee. A better understanding of the immunobiology of MSC renders them as an efficient therapeutic product for the management of osteoarthritis of the knee.
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24
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Li A, Guo F, Pan Q, Chen S, Chen J, Liu HF, Pan Q. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy: Hope for Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:728190. [PMID: 34659214 PMCID: PMC8516390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.728190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease. Although previous studies have demonstrated that SLE is related to the imbalance of cells in the immune system, including B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells, etc., the mechanisms underlying SLE pathogenesis remain unclear. Therefore, effective and low side-effect therapies for SLE are lacking. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for autoimmune diseases, particularly SLE, has gained increasing attention. This therapy can improve the signs and symptoms of refractory SLE by promoting the proliferation of Th2 and Treg cells and inhibiting the activity of Th1, Th17, and B cells, etc. However, MSC therapy is also reported ineffective in some patients with SLE, which may be related to MSC- or patient-derived factors. Therefore, the therapeutic effects of MSCs should be further confirmed. This review summarizes the status of MSC therapy in refractory SLE treatment and potential reasons for the ineffectiveness of MSC therapy from three perspectives. We propose various MSC modification methods that may be beneficial in enhancing the immunosuppression of MSCs in SLE. However, their safety and protective effects in patients with SLE still need to be confirmed by further experimental and clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fengbiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Quanren Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qingjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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25
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Matheakakis A, Batsali A, Papadaki HA, Pontikoglou CG. Therapeutic Implications of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles in Autoimmune Diseases: From Biology to Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10132. [PMID: 34576296 PMCID: PMC8468750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are perivascular multipotent stem cells originally identified in the bone marrow (BM) stroma and subsequently in virtually all vascularized tissues. Because of their ability to differentiate into various mesodermal lineages, their trophic properties, homing capacity, and immunomodulatory functions, MSCs have emerged as attractive candidates in tissue repair and treatment of autoimmune disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of MSCs may be primarily mediated via a number of paracrine-acting soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane-coated vesicles that are increasingly being acknowledged as playing a key role in intercellular communication via their capacity to carry and deliver their cargo, consisting of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids to recipient cells. MSC-EVs recapitulate the functions of the cells they originate, including immunoregulatory effects but do not seem to be associated with the limitations and concerns of cell-based therapies, thereby emerging as an appealing alternative therapeutic option in immune-mediated disorders. In the present review, the biology of MSCs will be outlined and an overview of their immunomodulatory functions will be provided. In addition, current knowledge on the features of MSC-EVs and their immunoregulatory potential will be summarized. Finally, therapeutic applications of MSCs and MSC-EVs in autoimmune disorders will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Matheakakis
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.M.); (H.A.P.)
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Aristea Batsali
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Helen A. Papadaki
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.M.); (H.A.P.)
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Charalampos G. Pontikoglou
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.M.); (H.A.P.)
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
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26
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Najafi-Ghalehlou N, Roudkenar MH, Langerodi HZ, Roushandeh AM. Taming of Covid-19: potential and emerging application of mesenchymal stem cells. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:253-298. [PMID: 33776206 PMCID: PMC7982879 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has turned out to cause a pandemic, with a sky scraping mortality. The virus is thought to cause tissue injury by affecting the renin-angiotensin system. Also, the role of the over-activated immune system is noteworthy, leading to severe tissue injury via the cytokine storms. Thus it would be feasible to modulate the immune system response in order to attenuate the disease severity, as well as treating the patients. Today different medicines are being administered to the patients, but regardless of the efficacy of these treatments, adverse effects are pretty probable. Meanwhile, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prove to be an effective candidate for treating the patients suffering from COVID-19 pneumonia, owing to their immunomodulatory and tissue-regenerative potentials. So far, several experiments have been conducted; transplanting MSCs and results are satisfying with no adverse effects being reported. This paper aims to review the recent findings regarding the novel coronavirus and the conducted experiments to treat patients suffering from COVID-19 pneumonia utilizing MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Paramedicine Faculty, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Habib Zayeni Langerodi
- Guilan Rheumatology Research Center (GRRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Anatomical Sciences Department, Medicine Faculty, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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27
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Strategies to Potentiate Paracrine Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073397. [PMID: 33806241 PMCID: PMC8037333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been developed as cell therapeutics for various immune disorders using their immunoregulatory properties mainly exerted by their paracrine functions. However, variation among cells from different donors, as well as rapid clearance after transplantation have impaired the uniform efficacy of MSCs and limited their application. Recently, several strategies to overcome this limitation have been suggested and proven in pre-clinical settings. Therefore, in this review article, we will update the knowledge on bioengineering strategies to improve the immunomodulatory functions of MSCs, including genetic modification and physical engineering.
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Markov A, Thangavelu L, Aravindhan S, Zekiy AO, Jarahian M, Chartrand MS, Pathak Y, Marofi F, Shamlou S, Hassanzadeh A. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as a valuable source for the treatment of immune-mediated disorders. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:192. [PMID: 33736695 PMCID: PMC7971361 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and their potential biomedical applications have received much attention from the global scientific community in an increasing manner. Firstly, MSCs were successfully isolated from human bone marrow (BM), but in the next steps, they were also extracted from other sources, mostly from the umbilical cord (UC) and adipose tissue (AT). The International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) has suggested minimum criteria to identify and characterize MSCs as follows: plastic adherence, surface expression of CD73, D90, CD105 in the lack of expression of CD14, CD34, CD45, and human leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), and also the capability to differentiate to multiple cell types including adipocyte, chondrocyte, or osteoblast in vitro depends on culture conditions. However, these distinct properties, including self-renewability, multipotency, and easy accessibility are just one side of the coin; another side is their huge secretome which is comprised of hundreds of mediators, cytokines, and signaling molecules and can effectively modulate the inflammatory responses and control the infiltration process that finally leads to a regulated tissue repair/healing or regeneration process. MSC-mediated immunomodulation is a direct result of a harmonic synergy of MSC-released signaling molecules (i.e., mediators, cytokines, and chemokines), the reaction of immune cells and other target cells to those molecules, and also feedback in the MSC-molecule-target cell axis. These features make MSCs a respectable and eligible therapeutic candidate to be evaluated in immune-mediated disorders, such as graft versus host diseases (GVHD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Crohn's disease (CD), and osteoarthritis (OA), and even in immune-dysregulating infectious diseases such as the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This paper discussed the therapeutic applications of MSC secretome and its biomedical aspects related to immune-mediated conditions. Sources for MSC extraction, their migration and homing properties, therapeutic molecules released by MSCs, and the pathways and molecular mechanisms possibly involved in the exceptional immunoregulatory competence of MSCs were discussed. Besides, the novel discoveries and recent findings on immunomodulatory plasticity of MSCs, clinical applications, and the methods required for their use as an effective therapeutic option in patients with immune-mediated/immune-dysregulating diseases were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Surendar Aravindhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Angelina Olegovna Zekiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mostafa Jarahian
- German Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Yashwant Pathak
- Professor and Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Shamlou
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Tang WY, Liu JH, Peng CJ, Liao Y, Luo JS, Sun X, Tang YL, Luo XQ. Functional Characteristics and Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:7. [PMID: 33713197 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rare, heterogeneous autoimmune and autoinflammatory disease that affects both sexes and all races, although this disease exhibits its highest incidence/prevalence among the black population and shows a predilection for women of reproductive age. Although SLE has no cure, treatment can help decrease its signs and symptoms. Thus, we should focus primarily on personalized treatment. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), which are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myoblasts, among other cell types, are potential candidates for use in a promising strategy to treat severe and refractory SLE. MSCs have an immunomodulatory function that can suppress the proliferation and activities of many immune cells, such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Substantial progress has recently been made in MSC therapy, and experimental and clinical data suggest that such a therapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of severe and refractory SLE. In this review, we highlight the effects of MSCs on different immune cell types, describe the mechanisms underlying MSC-mediated immunoregulation, and discuss the treatment of SLE with MSCs from different sources in various animal models and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Hua Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Jin Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Liao
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie-Si Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yan-Lai Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xue-Qun Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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30
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Tynecka M, Moniuszko M, Eljaszewicz A. Old Friends with Unexploited Perspectives: Current Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies in Asthma. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1323-1342. [PMID: 33649900 PMCID: PMC7919631 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a great regenerative and immunomodulatory potential that was successfully tested in numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies of various degenerative, hematological and inflammatory disorders. Over the last few decades, substantial immunoregulatory effects of MSC treatment were widely observed in different experimental models of asthma. Therefore, it is tempting to speculate that stem cell-based treatment could become an attractive means to better suppress asthmatic airway inflammation, especially in subjects resistant to currently available anti-inflammatory therapies. In this review, we discuss mechanisms accounting for potent immunosuppressive properties of MSCs and the rationale for their use in asthma. We describe in detail an intriguing interplay between MSCs and other crucial players in the immune system as well as lung microenvironment. Finally, we reveal the potential of MSCs in maintaining airway epithelial integrity and alleviating lung remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Tynecka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland.
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, Białystok, 15-276, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland.
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31
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He C, Yang Y, Zheng K, Chen Y, Liu S, Li Y, Han Q, Zhao RC, Wang L, Zhang F. Mesenchymal stem cell-based treatment in autoimmune liver diseases: underlying roles, advantages and challenges. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:2040622321993442. [PMID: 33633826 PMCID: PMC7887681 DOI: 10.1177/2040622321993442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune liver disease (AILD) is a series of chronic liver diseases with abnormal immune responses, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The treatment options for AILD remain limited, and the adverse side effects of the drugs that are typically used for treatment frequently lead to a low quality of life for AILD patients. Moreover, AILD patients may have a poor prognosis, especially those with an incomplete response to first-line treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells with low immunogenicity and can be conveniently harvested. MSC-based therapy is emerging as a promising approach for treating liver diseases based on their advantageous characteristics of immunomodulation, anti-fibrosis effects, and differentiation to hepatocytes, and accumulating evidence has revealed the positive effects of MSC therapy in AILD. In this review, we first summarize the mechanisms, safety, and efficacy of MSC treatment for AILD based on work in animal and clinical studies. We also discuss the challenges of MSC therapy in clinical applications. In summary, although promising data from preclinical studies are now available, MSC therapy is currently far for being applied in clinical practice, thus developing MSC therapy in AILD is still challenging and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmei He
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlei Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kunyu Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Suying Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
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32
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Tootee A, Nikbin B, Ghahary A, Esfahani EN, Arjmand B, Aghayan H, Qorbani M, Larijani B. Immunopathology of Type 1 Diabetes and Immunomodulatory Effects of Stem Cells: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:169-197. [PMID: 33538679 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666210203212809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disorder which occurs as a result of an intricate series of pathologic interactions between pancreatic β-cells and a wide range of components of both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. Stem-cell therapy, a recently-emerged potentially therapeutic option for curative treatment of diabetes, is demonstrated to cause significant alternations to both different immune cells such as macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells and non-cellular elements including serum cytokines and different components of the complement system. Although there exists overwhelming evidence indicating that the documented therapeutic effects of stem cells on patients with T1D is primarily due to their potential for immune regulation rather than pancreatic tissue regeneration, to date, the precise underlying mechanisms remain obscure. On the other hand, immune-mediated rejection of stem cells remains one of the main obstacles to regenerative medicine. Moreover, the consequences of efferocytosis of stem-cells by the recipients' lung-resident macrophages have recently emerged as a responsible mechanism for some immune-mediated therapeutic effects of stem-cells. This review focuses on the nature of the interactions amongst different compartments of the immune systems which are involved in the pathogenesis of T1D and provides explanation as to how stem cell-based interventions can influence immune system and maintain the physiologic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Tootee
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Behrouz Nikbin
- Research Center of Molecular Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Aziz Ghahary
- British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, . Canada
| | - Ensieh Nasli Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Hamidreza Aghayan
- Cell therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, . Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
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33
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Zhao X, Zhao Y, Sun X, Xing Y, Wang X, Yang Q. Immunomodulation of MSCs and MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Osteoarthritis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:575057. [PMID: 33251195 PMCID: PMC7673418 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.575057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) has become recognized as a low-grade inflammatory state. Inflammatory infiltration of the synovium by macrophages, T cells, B cells, and other immune cells is often observed in OA patients and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of OA. Hence, orchestrating the local inflammatory microenvironment and tissue regeneration microenvironment is important for the treatment of OA. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer the potential for cartilage regeneration owing to their effective immunomodulatory properties and anti-inflammatory abilities. The paracrine effect, mediated by MSC-derived extracellular vehicles (EVs), has recently been suggested as a mechanism for their therapeutic properties. In this review, we summarize the interactions between MSCs or MSC-derived EVs and OA-related immune cells and discuss their therapeutic effects in OA. Additionally, we discuss the potential of MSC-derived EVs as a novel cell-free therapy approach for the clinical treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xige Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Xing
- Stomatological Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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34
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Radmanesh F, Mahmoudi M, Yazdanpanah E, Keyvani V, Kia N, Nikpoor AR, Zafari P, Esmaeili SA. The immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapy in human and animal models of systemic lupus erythematosus. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:2366-2381. [PMID: 33006813 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease with no absolute cure. Although the exact etiopathogenesis of SLE is still enigmatic, it has been well demonstrated that a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors trigger a disturbance in immune responses and thereby participate in the development of this condition. Almost all available therapeutic strategies in SLE are primarily based on the administration of immunosuppressive drugs and are not curative. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a subset of non-hematopoietic adult stem cells that can be isolated from many adult tissues and are increasingly recognized as immune response modulating agents. MSC-mediated inhibition of immune responses is a complex mechanism that involves almost every aspect of the immune response. MSCs suppress the maturation of antigen-presenting cells (DC and MQ), proliferation of T cells (Th1, T17, and Th2), proliferation and immunoglobulin production of B cells, the cytotoxic activity of CTL and NK cells in addition to increasing regulatory cytokines (TGF-β and IL10), and decreasing inflammatory cytokines (IL17, INF-ϒ, TNF-α, and IL12) levels. MSCs have shown encouraging results in the treatment of several autoimmune diseases, in particular SLE. This report aims to review the beneficial and therapeutic properties of MSCs; it also focuses on the results of animal model studies, preclinical studies, and clinical trials of MSC therapy in SLE from the immunoregulatory aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahideh Keyvani
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nadia Kia
- Skin Cancer Prevention Research Center, Torvergata University of Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Amin Reza Nikpoor
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Parisa Zafari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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35
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Liu J, Liu Q, Chen X. The Immunomodulatory Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Regulatory B Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1843. [PMID: 32922398 PMCID: PMC7456948 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been investigated in many preclinical and clinical studies. This potential is dominantly based on the immunosuppressive properties of MSCs. Although the therapeutic profiles of MSC transplantation are still not fully characterized, accumulating evidence has revealed that B cells change after MSC infusion, in particular inducing regulatory B cells (Bregs). The immunosuppressive effects of Bregs have been demonstrated, and these cells are being evaluated as new targets for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. MSCs are capable of educating B cells and inducing regulatory B cell production via cell-to-cell contact, soluble factors, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). These cells thus have the potential to complement each other's immunomodulatory functions, and a combined approach may enable synergistic effects for the treatment of immunological diseases. However, compared with investigations regarding other immune cells, investigations into how MSCs specifically regulate Bregs have been superficial and insufficient. In this review, we discuss the current findings related to the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs on regulatory B cells and provide optimal strategies for applications in immune-related disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Liu
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuli Liu
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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36
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Lee HK, Kim HS, Pyo M, Park EJ, Jang S, Jun HW, Lee TY, Kim KS, Bae SC, Kim Y, Hong JT, Yun J, Han SB. Phorbol ester activates human mesenchymal stem cells to inhibit B cells and ameliorate lupus symptoms in MRL. Fas lpr mice. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:10186-10199. [PMID: 32929342 PMCID: PMC7481409 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-organ autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production by hyper-activated B cells. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ameliorate lupus symptoms by inhibiting T cells, whether they inhibit B cells has been controversial. Here we address this issue and reveal how to prime MSCs to inhibit B cells and improve the efficacy of MSCs in SLE. Methods: We examined the effect of MSCs on purified B cells in vitro and the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in lupus-prone MRL.Faslpr mice. We screened chemicals for their ability to activate MSCs to inhibit B cells. Results: Mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs inhibited mouse B cells in a CXCL12-dependent manner, whereas human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hMSCs) did not inhibit human B (hB) cells. We used a chemical approach to overcome this hurdle and found that phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, and ingenol-3-angelate rendered hMSCs capable of inhibiting IgM production by hB cells. As to the mechanism, PMA-primed hMSCs attracted hB cells in a CXCL10-dependent manner and induced hB cell apoptosis in a PD-L1-dependent manner. Finally, we showed that PMA-primed hMSCs were better than naïve hMSCs at ameliorating SLE progression in MRL.Faslpr mice. Conclusion: Taken together, our data demonstrate that phorbol esters might be good tool compounds to activate MSCs to inhibit B cells and suggest that our chemical approach might allow for improvements in the therapeutic efficacy of hMSCs in SLE.
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Zhang L, Qu YN, Zhang HY, Wu ZY, Li ZL, Guo WB, Wang QB, Fang NZ, Jiang XX. SOCS1 Regulates the Immunomodulatory Roles of MSCs on B Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:237-245. [PMID: 32323514 PMCID: PMC7378896 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The effective use of MSCs for the treatment of some B cell-mediated immune diseases is quite limited. The main reason is that the immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on B cells are unclear, and their underlying mechanisms have not been fully explored. Methods and Results By co-culturing B cells with MSCs without (MSC/CTLsh) or with suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) knockdown (MSC/SOCS1sh), we found that MSCs inhibited B cell proliferation, activation and terminal differentiation. Remarkably, the highest inhibition of B cell proliferation was observed in MSC/SOCS1sh co-culture. Besides, MSC/SOCS1sh reversed the inhibitory effect of MSCs in the last stage of B cell differentiation. However, MSC/SOCS1sh had no effect on inhibiting B cell activation by MSCs. We also showed that IgA+ B cell production was significantly higher in MSC/SOCS1sh than in MSC/CTLsh, although no difference was observed when both MSCs co-cultures were compared to isolated B cells. In addition, MSCs increased PGE2 production after TNF-α/IFN-γ stimulation, with the highest increase observed in MSC/SOCS1sh co-culture. Conclusions Our results highlighted the role of SOCS1 as an important new mediator in the regulation of B cell function by MSCs. Therefore, these data may help to develop new treatments for B cell-mediated immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, School of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning, Tongren University, Tongren, China.,Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yan-Nv Qu
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - He-Yang Zhang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Yang Wu
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, School of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning, Tongren University, Tongren, China
| | - Zhong-Li Li
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, School of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning, Tongren University, Tongren, China
| | - Wan-Bei Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Qi-Ben Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Nan-Zhu Fang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Jiang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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38
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Liu Q, Ji S, Xia T, Liu J, Liu Z, Chen X, Zang ZJ. MCP-1 Priming Enhanced the Therapeutic Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Contact Hypersensitivity Mice by Activating the COX2-PGE2/STAT3 Pathway. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1073-1083. [PMID: 32552417 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have become a promising treatment for inflammation-related diseases, and their therapeutic efficacy mainly depends on crosstalk between MSCs and inflammation. However, methods to improve the immunosuppressive efficiency of MSCs in different diseases still need to be developed. In this study, we investigated whether preconditioning MSCs with a disease-related inflammatory cytokine could increase their immunosuppressive properties and improve therapeutic efficacy. In a contact hypersensitivity (CHS) mouse model, inflammatory profile screening revealed that among all tested cytokines, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) exhibited the most significantly increased level in the local microenvironment. As expected, MSCs preconditioned with MCP-1 (P-MSCs) exhibited an enhanced ability to downregulate proinflammatory cytokine secretion, induce regulatory T cells, inhibit T cell proliferation, and polarize M2-type macrophages. In vivo experiments showed that P-MSCs alleviated ear swelling and local proinflammatory cytokine production more effectively than control MSCs. Mechanistically, MCP-1 could significantly activate the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway and induce the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in MSCs. STAT3 inhibitor reversed the MCP-1-mediated enhancing of their immunosuppressive ability. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CHS-related MCP-1 preconditioning enhanced the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs and improved their therapeutic efficacy in CHS. Enhancing the immunosuppressive efficacy of MSCs by preconditioning with certain disease-related inflammatory cytokines may provide a new strategy for MSC-based therapies for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Liu
- The Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suyun Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialing Liu
- The Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuojie Liu
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- The Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zang
- The Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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39
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Bulut Ö, GÜrsel İ. Mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles: promising immunomodulators against autoimmune, autoinflammatory disorders and SARS-CoV-2 infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 44:273-282. [PMID: 32595362 PMCID: PMC7314505 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2002-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of novel and broad-acting immunomodulators is of critical importance for the prevention and treatment of disorders occurring due to overexuberant immune responseincluding SARS-CoV-2 triggered cytokine storm leading to lung pathology and mortality during the ongoing viral pandemic. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), highly regarded for their regenerative capacities, also possessesremarkable immunoregulatory functions affecting all types of innate and adaptive immune cells. Owing to that, MSCs have been heavily investigated in clinic for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases along with transplant rejection. Extensive research in the last decaderevealed that MSCs carry out most of their functions through paracrine factors which are soluble mediators and extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs, including exosomes and microvesicles, are an efficient way of intercellular communication due to their unique ability to carry biological messages such as transcription factors, growth factors, cytokines, mRNAs and miRNAs over long distances. EVs originate through direct budding of the cell membrane or the endosomal secretion pathway and they consist of the cytosolic and membrane components of their parent cell. Therefore, they are able to mimic the characteristics of the parent cell, affecting the target cells upon binding or internalization. EVs secreted by MSCs are emerging as a cell-free alternative to MSC-based therapies. MSC EVs are being tested in preclinical and clinical settings where they exhibit exceptional immunosuppressivecapacity. They regulate the migration, proliferation, activation and polarization of various immune cells, promoting a tolerogenic immune response while inhibiting inflammatory response. Being as effective immunomodulators as their parent cells, MSC EVs are also preferable over MSC-based therapies due to their lower risk of immunogenicity, tumorigenicity and overall superior safety. In this review, we present the outcomes of preclinical and clinical studies utilizing MSC EVs as therapeutic agents for the treatment of a wide variety of immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Bulut
- Therapeutic Oligodeoxynucleotide Research Laboratory (THORLAB), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University, Ankara Turkey
| | - İhsan GÜrsel
- Therapeutic Oligodeoxynucleotide Research Laboratory (THORLAB), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University, Ankara Turkey
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40
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Effect of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Xenogeneic T and B Cells Isolated from Lupus-Prone MRL .Fas lpr Mice. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:5617192. [PMID: 32215018 PMCID: PMC7077055 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5617192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, which is characterized by hyperactivation of T and B cells. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) ameliorate the progression of SLE in preclinical studies using lupus-prone MRL.Faslpr mice. However, whether hMSCs inhibit the functions of xenogeneic mouse T and B cells is not clear. To address this issue, we examined the in vitro effects of hMSCs on T and B cells isolated from MRL.Faslpr mice. Naïve hMSCs inhibited the functions of T cells but not B cells. hMSCs preconditioned with IFN-γ (i) inhibited the proliferation of and IgM production by B cells, (ii) attracted B cells for cell–cell interactions in a CXCL10-dependent manner, and (iii) inhibited B cells by producing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. In summary, our data demonstrate that hMSCs exert therapeutic activity in mice in three steps: first, naïve hMSCs inhibit the functions of T cells, hMSCs are then activated by IFN-γ, and finally, they inhibit B cells.
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41
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Gómez de Antonio D, Campo-Cañaveral de la Cruz JL, Zurita M, Santos M, González Lois C, Varela de Ugarte A, Vaquero J. Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Chronic Allograft Disease in a Bronchiolitis Obliterans Animal Model. Arch Bronconeumol 2020; 56:149-156. [PMID: 31296434 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is the most common expression of chronic allograft dysfunction in lung transplantation. Moreover, BO represents the major cause of death in the long-term after this procedure. On the other hand, mesenchymal stem cells have been tested in animal models of BO aiming to interfere in its development. The aim of this experimental study is to explore the role of bone-marrow derived stem cells (BMSCs) as a preventive intervention of BO occurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS This an experimental randomized study. A bronchiolitis obliterans animal model in rats was reproduced: heterotopical tracheal transplant model in lung parenchyma. Five of these animals were used as control group. After setting up the model, individuals were divided in 3 groups of treatment (n=15), in which BMSCs were administered in 3 different time points after the tracheal transplant (tracheal transplantation and BMSCs administration occurred the same day, group G0; after 7 days, group G7; after 14 days, group G14. In addition, within each group, BMSCs were administered through 3 different routes: endotracheally, endovascular and topically in the lung parenchyma). Animals were sacrificed at 21 days. Histology, fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry techniques were performed for identifying stem cells. RESULTS Compared to control group, animals receiving BMSCs showed large neovessels in a loose fibrous matrix. Group G7 showed less fibrosis (p<0.033) and edema (p<0.028). Moreover, G7 animals receiving stem cells endotracheally showed no fibrosis (p<0.008). Alveolar-like patches of tissue were observed among all groups (53.4%, 46.7% and 40% in G0, G7 and G14 respectively), consisting of cells expressing both stem and alveolar cells biomarkers. CONCLUSION BMSCs modify the course of bronchiolitis obliterans and differentiate into alveolar cells. Endotracheal administration of BMSCs 7 days after the heterotopical tracheal transplant might be considered an effective way to prevent BO in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gómez de Antonio
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain.
| | | | - Mercedes Zurita
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Martin Santos
- Veterinary Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Carmen González Lois
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Vaquero
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
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42
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Eljarrah A, Gergues M, Pobiarzyn PW, Sandiford OA, Rameshwar P. Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Immune-Mediated Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1201:93-108. [PMID: 31898783 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can self-renew and differentiate into cells of all germ layers. MSCs can be easily attracted to the site of tissue insult with high levels of inflammatory mediators. The general ability of MSCs to migrate at the sites of tissue injury suggested an innate ability for these cells to be involved in baseline tissue repair. The bone marrow is one of the primary sources of MSCs, though they can be ubiquitous. An attractive property of MSCs for clinical application is their ability to cross allogeneic barrier. However, alone, MSCs are not immune suppressive cells. Rather, they can be licensed by the tissue microenvironment to become immune suppressor cells. Immune suppressor functions of MSCs include those that blunt cytotoxicity of natural killer cells, suppression of T-cell proliferation, and "veto" function. MSCs, as third-party cells, suppress the immune response that generally recapitulates graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) responses. Based on the plastic functions of MSCs, these cells have dominated the field of cell-based therapies, such as anti-inflammatory and drug delivery. Here, we focus on the potential use of MSC for immunological disorders such as Crohn's disease and GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Eljarrah
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Rutgers School of Graduate School at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Marina Gergues
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Rutgers School of Graduate School at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Piotr W Pobiarzyn
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Rutgers School of Graduate School at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Oleta A Sandiford
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Rutgers School of Graduate School at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Science, Newark, NJ, USA.
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43
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Cheng RJ, Xiong AJ, Li YH, Pan SY, Zhang QP, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Marion TN. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Allogeneic MSC May Be Immunosuppressive but Autologous MSC Are Dysfunctional in Lupus Patients. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:285. [PMID: 31799252 PMCID: PMC6874144 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a potently immunosuppressive capacity in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Consequently, MSCs transplantation has emerged as a potential beneficial therapy for autoimmune diseases even though the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory activity of MSCs is incompletely understood. Transplanted MSCs from healthy individuals with no known history of autoimmune disease are immunosuppressive in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and can ameliorate SLE disease symptoms in those same patients. In contrast, autologous MSCs from SLE patients are not immunosuppressive and do not ameliorate disease symptoms. Recent studies have shown that MSCs from SLE patients are dysfunctional in both proliferation and immunoregulation and phenotypically senescent. The senescent phenotype has been attributed to multiple genes and signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on the possible mechanisms for the defective phenotype and function of MSCs from SLE patients and summarize recent research on MSCs in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Juan Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - An-Ji Xiong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu-Yue Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tony N Marion
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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44
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Jiang W, Xu J. Immune modulation by mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12712. [PMID: 31730279 PMCID: PMC6985662 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be derived from various adult tissues with multipotent and self‐renewal abilities. The characteristics of presenting no major ethical concerns, having low immunogenicity and possessing immune modulation functions make MSCs promising candidates for stem cell therapies. MSCs could promote inflammation when the immune system is underactivated and restrain inflammation when the immune system is overactivated to avoid self‐overattack. These cells express many immune suppressors to switch them from a pro‐inflammatory phenotype to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype, resulting in immune effector cell suppression and immune suppressor cell activation. We would discuss the mechanisms governing the immune modulation function of these cells in this review, especially the immune‐suppressive effects of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology & Developmental Biology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianyong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology & Developmental Biology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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45
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miR-129-5p Regulates the Immunomodulatory Functions of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells via Targeting Stat1 Signaling. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2631024. [PMID: 31772586 PMCID: PMC6854172 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2631024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have become one of the most promising stem cell populations for cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine and for autoimmune disorders owing to their multilineage differentiation and immunomodulatory capacities, respectively. One advantage of ASC-based therapy lies in their immunosuppressive potential. However, how to get ASCs to provide consistent immunosuppression remains unclear. In the current study, we found that miR-129-5p was induced in ASCs treated with inflammatory factors. ASCs with miR-129-5p knockdown exhibited enhanced immunosuppressive capacity, as evidenced by reduced expression of proinflammatory factors, with concurrent increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production. These cells also had an increased capacity to inhibit T cell proliferation in vitro. ASCs with miR-129-5p knockdown alleviated inflammatory bowel diseases and promoted tumor growth in vivo. Consistently, ASCs that overexpressed miR-129-5p exhibited reduced iNOS expression. Furthermore, we show that miR-129-5p knockdown in ASCs results in hyperphosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1). When fludarabine, an inhibitor of Stat1 activation, was added to ASCs with miR-129-5p knockdown, iNOS mRNA and protein levels were significantly reduced. Collectively, these results reveal a new role for miR-129-5p in regulating the immunomodulatory activities of ASCs by targeting Stat1 activation. These novel insights into the mechanisms of ASC immunoregulation may lead to the consistent production of ASCs with strong immunosuppressive functions and thus better clinical utility of these cells.
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Zhang Q, Li Q, Zhu J, Guo H, Zhai Q, Li B, Jin Y, He X, Jin F. Comparison of therapeutic effects of different mesenchymal stem cells on rheumatoid arthritis in mice. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7023. [PMID: 31198641 PMCID: PMC6553443 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and nonspecific autoimmune disease, which leads to joint destruction and deformity. To investigate the potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a new therapeutic strategy for patients with RA, we compared the therapeutic effects of bone marrow derived MSCs (BMSCs), umbilical cord derived MSCs (UCs), and stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Methods A total of 24 DBA/1 mice were infused with type II collagen to induce RA in the experimental model. MSC-treated mice were infused with UCs, BMSCs, and SHED, respectively. Bone erosion and joint destruction were measured by micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured by immunohistochemistry and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results Systemic delivery of MSCs significantly improved the severity of the symptoms related to CIA to greater extent compared with the untreated control group. Micro-CT revealed reduced bone erosions in the metatarsophalangeal joints upon treatment with MSCs. Additionally, according to histologic evaluation, reduced synovitis and articular destruction were observed in MSC-treated groups. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the serum and joints decreased with treatment by MSCs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that systemic infusion of UCs, BMSCs, and SHED may significantly alleviate the effects of RA. The therapeutic effect of BMSCs was greater than that of SHED, while the UCs were shown to have the best therapeutic effect on CIA mice. In conclusion, compared with BMSCs and SHED, UCs may be a more suitable source of MSCs for the treatment of patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qihong Li
- Department of Stomatology, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiming Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoning He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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47
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Prognostic Factors for Clinical Response in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Treated by Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7061408. [PMID: 31191681 PMCID: PMC6525791 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7061408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a broad range of clinical manifestations and a heterogeneous disease course. There is no cure for SLE, but current standard pharmacotherapies can improve disease prognosis in most patients. However, some patients are refractory to conventional treatments and require alternative treatment options. The present study is aimed at identifying predictors of clinical response to allogeneic bone marrow-derived or umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-/UC-MSC) transplant in SLE. All adult patients identified in the Nanjing database with an SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score ≥ 8 at baseline that had undergone MSC transplant and who had at least 1 year of follow-up after one or two successive intravenous injections of allogeneic BM-/UC-MSCs (1 million/kg) were analyzed. SLE symptoms and SLEDAI were assessed at baseline and during follow-up to determine low disease activity (LDA) and clinical remission (CR) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Sixty-nine patients were included in the study, with a median (range) SLEDAI of 13 (8-34) at baseline. Among the 69 patients, 40 (58%) achieved LDA and 16 (23%) achieved CR with a SLEDAI of 9 (4–20), 8 (0-16), 6 (0-18), and 5 (0-18) after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Older age (p = 0.006) and no arthralgia/arthritis at baseline (p = 0.03) were associated with a higher rate of LDA. Achieving CR was associated with older age (p = 0.033), no arthralgia/arthritis at baseline (p = 0.001), and no prior use of cyclophosphamide (p = 0.003) or hydroxychloroquine (p = 0.016). Future studies using unique immunosuppressive regimens and allogeneic MSC sources will further elucidate determinants of clinical response to MSC transplant in SLE.
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48
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Wang YH, Huang XH, Yang YM, He Y, Dong XH, Yang HX, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhou J, Wang C, Jiang XX. Mysm1 epigenetically regulates the immunomodulatory function of adipose-derived stem cells in part by targeting miR-150. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3737-3746. [PMID: 30895711 PMCID: PMC6484305 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) are highly attractive for cell‐based therapies in tissue repair and regeneration because they have multilineage differentiation capacity and are immunosuppressive. However, the detailed epigenetic mechanisms of their immunoregulatory capacity are not fully defined. In this study, we found that Mysm1 was induced in ASCs treated with inflammatory cytokines. Adipose‐derived stem cells with Mysm1 knockdown exhibited attenuated immunosuppressive capacity, evidenced by less inhibition of T cell proliferation, more pro‐inflammatory factor secretion and less nitric oxide (NO) production in vitro. Mysm1‐deficient ASCs exacerbated inflammatory bowel diseases but inhibited tumour growth in vivo. Mysm1‐deficient ASCs also showed depressed miR‐150 expression. When transduced with Mysm1 overexpression lentivirus, ASCs exhibited enhanced miR‐150 expression. Furthermore, Mysm1‐deficient cells transduced with lentivirus containing miR‐150 mimics produced less pro‐inflammatory factors and more NO. Our study reveals a new role of Mysm1 in regulating the immunomodulatory activities of ASCs by targeting miR‐150. These novel insights into the mechanisms through which ASCs regulate immune reactions may lead to better clinical utility of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Wang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Huang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.,Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan-Mei Yang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.,Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Youdi He
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Dong
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Xin Yang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.,Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning, Tongren University, Tongren, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Changyong Wang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xia Jiang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.,Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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49
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Xenogeneic Transplantation of Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviates Renal Injury and Reduces Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Lupus Nephritis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9370919. [PMID: 30941373 PMCID: PMC6421051 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9370919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs) are considered a good source for cell therapy. The purpose of this study was to observe whether the transplantation of human pMSCs would affect the treatment of lupus nephritis (LN)-prone MRL/lpr mice. Multiple injections (at the 16th, 18th, and 20th week of age) of 1 × 106 pMSCs were administered. Urine was collected to evaluate proteinuria and urine creatinine levels. Blood was collected for the measurement of serum antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody levels. Renal tissues were collected for histological staining and examination by light and electron microscopy quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western Blot. The results confirmed that pMSC treatment reduced the severity of 24-h proteinuria, decreased the production of anti-dsDNA antibodies, and ameliorated renal pathological changes in MRL/lpr mice. Furthermore, pMSCs reduced renal inflammation by inhibiting the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and then downregulating the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Therefore, our present study demonstrated a protective effect of pMSCs against renal injury and inflammation in MRL/lpr mice.
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50
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Choi SS, Jang E, Oh YK, Jang K, Cho ML, Park SH, Youn J. Aged Sanroque Mice Spontaneously Develop Sjögren's Syndrome-like Disease. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e7. [PMID: 30838162 PMCID: PMC6399093 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that affects mainly salivary and lacrimal glands, but its cause remains largely unknown. Clinical data indicating that SS occurs in a substantial proportion of patients with lupus points to common pathogenic mechanisms underlying the two diseases. To address this idea, we asked whether SS develops in the lupus-prone mouse strain sanroque (SAN). Owing to hyper-activation of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, female SAN mice developed lupus-like symptoms at approximately 20 wk of age but there were no signs of SS at that time. However, symptoms typical of SS were evident at approximately 40 wk of age, as judged by reduced saliva flow rate, sialadenitis, and IgG deposits in the salivary glands. Increases in serum titers of SS-related autoantibodies and numbers of autoantibody-secreting cells in cervical lymph nodes (LNs) preceded the pathologic manifestations of SS and were accompanied by expansion of Tfh cells and their downstream effector cells. Thus, our results suggest that chronic dysregulation of Tfh cells in salivary gland-draining LNs is sufficient to drive the development of SS in lupus-prone mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk San Choi
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Eunkyeong Jang
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Yeon-Kyung Oh
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Kiseok Jang
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jeehee Youn
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
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