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Nomiyama K, Sato R, Sato F, Eguchi A. Accumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the kidneys of pet cats (Felis silvestris catus) and the potential implications for their health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173212. [PMID: 38759481 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated diphenyls (PCBs) and brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), are ubiquitous in the pet cat's living environment and are ingested through dietary intake and environmental exposure such as house dust. Cats are known to be susceptible to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and exposure to POPs may be associated with CKD. However, no studies have been conducted on the renal accumulation and health effects of POPs in cats. The objective of this study was to elucidate the accumulation of PCBs, PBDEs, and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the kidneys of domestic cats and discuss their potential impact on feline health. We report here that cats specifically accumulate POPs in their kidneys. Tissue samples were collected from the kidneys, livers, and muscles of cats and the concentrations of POPs in these tissues were analyzed in this study. The results showed that these compounds accumulated significantly higher in the kidney compared to other tissues. In addition, the ability to accumulate in the kidney was higher in cats than in other animals, suggesting that cats have a unique pattern of POPs accumulation in their kidneys, which is thought to occur because cats store a significant number of lipid droplets in the proximal tubules of the kidneys. This unique feature suggests that lipophilic POPs may accumulate in these lipid droplets during the excretory process. Accumulation of certain POPs in the kidneys causes necrosis and sloughing of renal tubular epithelial cells, which may be associated with CKD, a common disease in cats. This study provides valuable insight into understanding the renal accumulation and risk of POPs in cats and provides essential knowledge for developing strategies to protect the health and welfare of domestic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Rina Sato
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Fuka Sato
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Inage-ku Yayoi-cho 1-33, Chiba-city 263-8522, Japan
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Rengelshausen J, Randerath I, Schettgen T, Esser A, Kaifie A, Lang J, Kraus T, Ziegler P. Ten years after: findings from the medical surveillance program on Health Effects in High-Level Exposure to PCB (HELPcB). Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2609-2623. [PMID: 37594590 PMCID: PMC10474999 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
After the detection of high environmental and occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a German recycling company for transformers and capacitors in 2010, the multidisciplinary medical surveillance program "HELPcB" (Health Effects in High-Level Exposure to PCB) was established for former PCB-exposed workers of the company, their family members, employees of surrounding companies, and area residents to investigate potential adverse health effects by PCB exposure in a longitudinal study approach with up to seven examination time points between 2010 and 2019. More than 300 individuals were enrolled into the program. Assessments particularly included plasma and urine concentrations of PCB congeners and their metabolites, clinical laboratory parameters, Comet assay, analysis of telomere length, neuropsychological examinations, psychological screening, abdominal and thyroid ultrasound examination. This review summarizes the main results of the studies conducted in the HELPcB program yielding relevant new data on potential adverse effects of PCB exposure in humans and potential mechanisms that underlie these effects. Even larger studies in PCB-exposed individuals are warranted to confirm the results of this program and to further establish causality between PCB exposure and clinical effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Rengelshausen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabella Randerath
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andre Esser
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Kaifie
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jessica Lang
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Liu C, Ruan J, Ruan F, Ding X, Han C, Huang C, Zhong H, He C, Zuo Z, Huang J. Estradiol protects female mice from hyperuricemia induced by PCB138 exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 261:115093. [PMID: 37270882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a type of persistent organic pollutant (POP). Our previous study demonstrated that exposure to 0.5-50 μg/kg bw PCB138 during postnatal days (PND) 3-21 led to elevated serum uric acid (UA) levels and kidney injury in adult male mice. Given that the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) is significantly lower in women than in men, it is worth investigating whether POP-induced HUA and its secondary kidney injury have sexual dimorphism. Herein, we exposed female mice to 0.5-50 μg/kg bw PCB138 during PND 3-21, resulting in elevated serum UA levels, but without causing significant kidney damage. Concurrently, we found a negative correlation between serum 17β-estradiol (E2) and serum UA levels. We also observed down-regulation of estrogen receptor (ER) protein levels in the kidneys of the PCB138-exposed groups. Furthermore, our study showed that E2 rescued the increased UA level and cytotoxicity caused by HUA in human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that E2 likely plays a crucial protective role in PCB138-induced HUA and kidney injury in female mice. Our research highlights the existence of sexual dimorphism in kidney injury secondary to HUA induced by POPs, which could provide guidance for individuals of different genders in preventing kidney injury caused by environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang'an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jinpeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang'an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Fengkai Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang'an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang'an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Changshun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang'an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang'an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Hongbin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang'an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chengyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang'an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang'an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Jiyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang'an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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Yavuz Y, Ozen DO, Erol ZY, Goren H, Yilmaz B. Effects of endocrine disruptors on the electrical activity of leptin receptor neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus and anxiety-like behavior in male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121366. [PMID: 36858099 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing concern about the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on human health. Recently, some EDCs are suggested to affect energy metabolism leading to increased risk of obesity. Obesogenic effects of some EDCs on adipogenesis have been reported, however, there is no study examining their potential actions on the brain circuits controlling feeding and metabolism. We have investigated effects of tributyltin (TBT) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) on electrical activity on dorsomedial hypothalamic leptin receptor neurons (DMHLepR), morphological adaptations in neuronal anatomy of DMHLepR, locomotion, and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Twenty-three Lep-Cre transgenic mice were intracranially injected with GFP virus. Control animals received intraperitoneal corn oil alone while group 2 and 3 received TBT (25 μg/kg) and p,p'-DDT (2 mg/kg) for one month. Locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior of the animals were determined by open field test. Electrophysiological effects of TBT and p,p'-DDT on DMHLepR neurons were determined by patch clamp method. Neuronal anatomy was determined by confocal microscopy. Spontaneous firing frequency of DMHLepR neurons of TBT group of mice was significantly higher than both p,p'-DDT and control groups (p < 0.01). TBT and p,p'-DDT significantly decreased frequency of the spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents to DMHLepR neurons compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The time spent in the center and the number of entrances to the center by the TBT-administered mice were significantly lower than other groups (p < 0.01). The total distance traveled and mean speed of the control group of mice were significantly higher than the p,p'-DDT- and TBT-administered animals (p < 0.0001). c-Fos activity of the p,p'-DDT- and TBT-administered animals were significantly elevated compared to the control group (p < 0.001), while no change in the number of dendritic spines were observed. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that exposure to TBT and p,p'-DDT alters electrical activity in DMHLepR neurons and behavioral state in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Yavuz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Oyku Ozen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Yagmur Erol
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Habibe Goren
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Guo LC, Lv Z, Zhu T, He G, Hu J, Xiao J, Liu T, Yu S, Zhang J, Zhang H, Ma W. Associations between serum polychlorinated biphenyls, halogen flame retardants, and renal function indexes in residents of an e-waste recycling area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159746. [PMID: 36306844 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
E-waste handling activities release large quantities of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and halogen flame retardants (HFRs) into the surrounding area, creating a high exposure risk for local residents. However, the possibility of PCBs and HFRs exposure contributing to renal injury has not been extensively studied. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted an epidemiological analysis of adolescents and adults recruited from an e-waste recycling area and a control area. Some PCBs and HFRs compounds were statistically significantly associated with the levels of β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), and uric acid, with thyroid hormone-related genes found to partly mediate these associations. The interactions of PCBs and HFRs with metals also influenced renal function indexes. Exposure to high concentrations of PCBs and HFRs resulted in higher levels of β2-MG and lower levels of BUN and SCr in the exposed group. As indicated by the elevated β2-MG levels, high exposure to PCBs and HFRs may increase the risk of early renal injury for adolescents. These findings help to clarify the impacts of PCBs and HFRs on renal function and highlight the need to protect the health of residents in regions impacted by e-waste handling activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Chuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhanlu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Management and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection and Control in Water Environment, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Low Energy Sewage Treatment, Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Guanhao He
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianxiong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shengbing Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Jinliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Buha Djordjevic A, Milovanovic V, Curcic M, Antonijevic Miljakovic E, Bulat Z, Djukic-Cosic D, Jankovic S, Vučinić S, Hayes AW, Antonijevic B. New insight into the perplexing toxic features of PCBs: A study of nephrotoxicity in an animal model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114829. [PMID: 36410460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of PCBs on the rat kidneys with attention given to the determination critical effect dose (CED) using the Benchmark dose (BMD) approach. Male albino Wistar rats (7 animals per group) were given by oral gavage Aroclor 1254 dissolved in corn oil at doses of 0.0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 mg/kg b.w./day for 28 days. The PCB nephrotoxicity was manifested by a dose-dependent changes in serum urea levels. The study has also revealed PCB-induced oxidative stress induction in kidneys. The observed nephrotoxic effects can be partly explained by oxidative damage of lipids and proteins in the kidneys due to observed reduced CuZnSOD activity and disturbances in antioxidant protection. Аll the renal oxidative stress parameters showed dependence on PCB oral doses as well as internal, measure kidney PCB levels. Calculated BMDL values were lower than estimated no observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) based on the study, suggesting the importance of BMD approach use in future risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia.
| | - Vesna Milovanovic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Marijana Curcic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | | | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Danijela Djukic-Cosic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Sasa Jankovic
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Vučinić
- National Poison Contol Centre, Military Medical Academy, USA
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Biljana Antonijevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
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Al-Obaidi ZAF, Erdogan CS, Sümer E, Özgün HB, Gemici B, Sandal S, Yilmaz B. Investigation of obesogenic effects of hexachlorobenzene, DDT and DDE in male rats. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 327:114098. [PMID: 35878704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a very important public health problem and is increasing globally. Genetics, individual and environmental factors play roles in the etiology of this complex disorder. Recently, several environmental pollutants have been suggested to have obesogenic activities. Peroxisome proliferator activating receptor gamma (PPARγ), uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) and their expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) play key roles in adipogenesis. UCP3 and irisin were reported to play roles in non-shivering thermogenesis. Our primary aim was to investigate obesogenic effects of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) in rats. In addition, thermoregulatory effects of HCB, DDT and DDE were also investigated by analyzing the levels of Ucp3 and irisin. Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups as control, HCB, DDT and DDE. Animals were administered with organochlorine pesticides (OCPs; 5 mg/kg bw) by oral gavage every other day for five weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed, BAT and WAT samples were collected to analyze Pparγ, Ucp1 and Ucp3 levels. Moreover, skeletal muscle samples were collected to examine Ucp3 and irisin levels. Serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were also determined. Body weight and core temperature of the animals were not significantly affected by any of the OCP administration. Serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were similar among the experimental groups. Pparγ expression was significantly elevated by HCB administration only in WAT (p < 0.05). On the other hand, both Pparγ and Ucp1 expressions were diminished in WAT and BAT (p < 0.01) by DDT treatment, while in WAT, DDE significantly decreased Pparγ expression without altering its expression in BAT (p < 0.001). Ucp3 and irisin levels in skeletal muscle were not altered. Our findings show that both DDT and DDE reduce the browning of WAT by suppressing white adipocytes and thus may have obesogenic activity in male rats without altering thermoregulation. In addition, HCB, DDT and DDE-induced alterations in expression of Pparγ and Ucp1 in WAT implicates differential regulation of adipogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Engin Sümer
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Bugra Özgün
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Gemici
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Sandal
- İnönü University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Lee JY, Kim H, Jeong Y, Kang CH. Lactic Acid Bacteria Exert a Hepatoprotective Effect against Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury in HepG2 Cells. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091844. [PMID: 34576738 PMCID: PMC8465258 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver fatty disease (ALFD) is caused by excessive and chronic alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption causes an imbalance in the intestinal microflora, leading to liver disease induced by the excessive release of endotoxins into the hepatic portal vein. Therefore, research on the intestinal microflora to identify treatments for ALFD is increasing. In this study, the protective effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, including Levilactobacillus brevis, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum, were evaluated in ethanol-induced HepG2 cells. Among the evaluated LAB, nine strains increased aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) levels and downregulated lipid peroxidation and liver transferase in the ethanol-induced HepG2 cells. Moreover, L. brevis MG5280 and MG5311, L. reuteri MG5458, and L. fermentum MG4237 and MG4294 protected against ethanol-induced HepG2 cell damage by regulating CYP2E1, antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPX), lipid synthesis factors (SREBP1C and FAS), and lipid oxidation factors (PPARα, ACO, and CPT-1). Moreover, five LAB were confirmed to be safe probiotics based on antibiotic susceptibility and hemolysis assays; their stability and adhesion ability in the gastrointestinal tract were also established. In conclusion, L. brevis MG5280 and MG5311, L. reuteri MG5458, and L. fermentum MG4237 and MG4294 may be useful as new probiotic candidates for ALFD prevention.
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Renal changes and apoptosis caused by subacute exposure to Aroclor 1254 in selenium-deficient and selenium-supplemented rats. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:110-120. [PMID: 32975097 PMCID: PMC7968486 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aroclor 1254 (A1254), a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls, exerts hepatic, renal, and reproductive toxicity in rodents. This study aimed to determine a protective role of selenium on histopathological changes, oxidative stress, and apoptosis caused by A1254 in rat kidney. It included a control group, which received regular diet containing 0.15 mg/kg Se (C), a Se-supplemented group (SeS) receiving 1 mg/kg Se, a Se-deficient group (SeD) receiving Se-deficient diet of ≤0.05 mg/kg Se, an A1254-treated group (A) receiving 10 mg/kg of Aroclor 1254 and regular diet, an A1254-treated group receiving Se-supplementation (ASeS), and an A1254-treated group receiving Se-deficient diet (ASeD). Treatments lasted 15 days. After 24 h of the last dose of A1254, the animals were decapitated under anaesthesia and their renal antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation (LP), glutathione, protein oxidation, and total antioxidant capacity levels measured. Histopathological changes were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Apoptosis was detected with the TUNEL assay. Kidney weights, CAT activities, and GSH levels decreased significantly in all A1254-treated groups. Renal atrophic changes and higher apoptotic cell counts were observed in the A and ASeD groups. Both groups also showed a significant drop in GPx1 activities (A – 34.92 % and ASeD – 86.46 %) and rise in LP (A – 30.45 % and ASeD – 20.44 %) vs control. In contrast, LP levels and apoptotic cell counts were significantly lower in the ASeS group vs the A group. Histopathological changes and renal apoptosis were particularly visible in the ASeD group. Our findings suggest that selenium supplementation provides partial protection against renal toxicity of Aroclor 1254.
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Yilmaz B, Terekeci H, Sandal S, Kelestimur F. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: exposure, effects on human health, mechanism of action, models for testing and strategies for prevention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020; 21:127-147. [PMID: 31792807 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are a global problem for environmental and human health. They are defined as "an exogenous chemical, or mixture of chemicals, that can interfere with any aspect of hormone action". It is estimated that there are about 1000 chemicals with endocrine-acting properties. EDCs comprise pesticides, fungicides, industrial chemicals, plasticizers, nonylphenols, metals, pharmaceutical agents and phytoestrogens. Human exposure to EDCs mainly occurs by ingestion and to some extent by inhalation and dermal uptake. Most EDCs are lipophilic and bioaccumulate in the adipose tissue, thus they have a very long half-life in the body. It is difficult to assess the full impact of human exposure to EDCs because adverse effects develop latently and manifest at later ages, and in some people do not present. Timing of exposure is of importance. Developing fetus and neonates are the most vulnerable to endocrine disruption. EDCs may interfere with synthesis, action and metabolism of sex steroid hormones that in turn cause developmental and fertility problems, infertility and hormone-sensitive cancers in women and men. Some EDCs exert obesogenic effects that result in disturbance in energy homeostasis. Interference with hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid and adrenal axes has also been reported. In this review, potential EDCs, their effects and mechanisms of action, epidemiological studies to analyze their effects on human health, bio-detection and chemical identification methods, difficulties in extrapolating experimental findings and studying endocrine disruptors in humans and recommendations for endocrinologists, individuals and policy makers will be discussed in view of the relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayram Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Terekeci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Sandal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Kelestimur
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Salie S, Labuschagné A, Walters A, Geyer S, Jardine A, Jacobs M, Hsu NJ. In vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation of non-neuroleptic phenothiazines, antitubercular drug candidates. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 109:104508. [PMID: 31672509 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The phenothiazine-derived antipsychotic drugs, such as chlorpromazine and thioridazine, are bactericidal against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but produce undesirable side effects at clinically relevant doses. We have previously modified four novel phenothiazines and maintained their antimycobacterial activity. This study evaluated the pharmacological and toxicity profiles of these novel non-neuroleptic phenothiazines, PTZ3, PTZ4, PTZ31 and PTZ32, for their metabolic stability, kinetic solubility and potential cytotoxic effects in vitro. To further support the safet use of these drug candidates, the in vivo pharmacological and toxicity profiles were assessed in C57BL/6 mice via single or repeated oral gavage. In acute toxicity studies, all four modified phenothiazines showed favourable safety in mice. When treated daily with 100 mg/kg of PTZ3 and PTZ4 for 2 weeks, mice displayed no signs of toxicity. Alternatively, treatment with PTZ31 resulted in 20% mortality with no toxicity evident in biochemical or histological analysis, while exposure to PTZ32 resulted in a 45% survival with increased serum concentrations of uric acid and alkaline phosphatase. The combined non-neuroleptic and antimycobacterial effects of the novel phenothiazines PTZ3, PTZ4, PTZ31 and PTZ32 demonstrated favourable pharmacological and toxicity profiles in this study, highlight the potential of these compounds as suitable anti-tuberculosis drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumayah Salie
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Antoinette Labuschagné
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Avril Walters
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sohair Geyer
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anwar Jardine
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Nai-Jen Hsu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Brankovič J, Fazarinc G, Antanasova M, Jevnikar P, Jan J, Anders I, Pavšič Vrtač K, Jakovac Strajn B, Antolinc D, Vrecl M. Lactational exposure to dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl 169 and nondioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl 155: Effects on rat femur growth, biomechanics and mineral composition. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:106-113. [PMID: 31078017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are persistent lipophilic environmental pollutants, has a variety of adverse effects on wildlife and human health, including bone mineralization, growth and mechanical strength. The present study evaluated the effects of lactational exposure to nondioxin-like PCB-155 and dioxin-like PCB-169, individually and in combination, on pubertal rat femur development and its biomechanics. After offspring delivery, Wistar rat mothers were divided into four groups, i.e., PCB-169, PCB-155, PCB-155+169 and control, and were administered PCBs intraperitoneally. Data on bone geometry, biomechanics and mineral composition were obtained by analysis of femurs from 42-day-old offspring by microCT scanning, three-point bending test and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Decreased somatic mass and femur size, i.e., mass, periosteal circumference and cross sectional area, were observed in the PCB-169 and PCB-155 groups. Additionally, lactational exposure to planar PCB-169 resulted in harder and more brittle bones containing higher amounts of minerals. Combined exposure to structurally and functionally different PCBs demonstrated only mild alterations in bone width and mineralization. To conclude, our results demonstrated that alterations, observed on postnatal day 42, were primarily induced by PCB-169, while toxicity from both of the individual congeners may have been reduced in the combined group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Brankovič
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Gregor Fazarinc
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Antanasova
- Department of Prosthodontics and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Jevnikar
- Department of Prosthodontics and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Jan
- Department of Dental Diseases and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ines Anders
- CF Alternative Biomodels and Preclinical Imaging, Department for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, Graz, Austria
| | - Katarina Pavšič Vrtač
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Department of Environment, Animal Nutrition, Welfare and Hygiene, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Breda Jakovac Strajn
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Department of Environment, Animal Nutrition, Welfare and Hygiene, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Antolinc
- Chair for Testing in Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Hassan AMS, Abo El-Ela FI, Abdel-Aziz AM. Investigating the potential protective effects of natural product quercetin against imidacloprid-induced biochemical toxicity and DNA damage in adults rats. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:727-735. [PMID: 31388500 PMCID: PMC6676460 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidacloprid insecticide causes hepatotoxicity, renal damage and DNA damage. Quercetin revealed a significant protective action against the toxic effects of Imidacloprid. Quercetin counteracts the imidacloprid effects on liver, Kidney and DNA damage to the normal level.
Quercetin (QT) is a natural antioxidant materials that’s possesses different type of pharmacological activities. In the current study, the protective effect QT against imidacloprid (IMD)-induced toxicity in rats was studied. The experiment included thirty-six adult male rats groups treated with QT, IMD (two different doses), their combinations and control non-treated group for 21 consecutive days. Different biochemical analysis (serum liver and kidney enzymes level, cholesterol and Glucose levels) were evaluated. DNA damage using comet assay and histopathological examination of different body organs were also screened. Treatment with IMD increased ALT, AST, serum urea, creatinine, cholesterol and Glucose levels but decreased the levels of serum total protein, albumin and body weight with induction in triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels. Animals treated with QT prior to IMD administration showed normal enzymatic levels which indicating a protective effect of QT. In addition, QT protected the different body organs from the histological changes and DNA damages induced by IMD toxicity. The present results showed the protective effect of QT as a natural material against the IMD induced toxicity at different doses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma I Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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Arrebola JP, Ramos JJ, Bartolomé M, Esteban M, Huetos O, Cañas AI, López-Herranz A, Calvo E, Pérez-Gómez B, Castaño A. Associations of multiple exposures to persistent toxic substances with the risk of hyperuricemia and subclinical uric acid levels in BIOAMBIENT.ES study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:512-521. [PMID: 30622076 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is becoming a serious public health issue, which is highly influenced by environmental factors, although there is still controversial information on the potential influence of the exposure to Persistent Toxic Substances (PTSs) in the general population. In this study we aimed to assess the association. PTS exposure with uric acid homeostasis in a sample of the Spanish population. Participants were recruited during 2009-2010 in all the main geographical areas of Spain. Exposure to 34 PTSs was estimated by chemical analyses of serum levels of 6 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs, n = 950), 13 Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs, n = 453), 6 Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAs, n = 755), 7 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs, n = 365), urinary Cadmium (n = 926), and Lead in whole blood (n = 882). The two study outcomes were defined as the prevalence of hyperuricemia in the study population and uric acid levels, the latter only in individuals with no previous diagnosis of hyperuricemia. Statistical analyses were performed by means of binomial logistic regression and linear regression, and mixture effects were screened using Weighted Quantile Sum Regression (WQS). Serum concentrations of γ-HCH, o,p´-DDE, PCB-138, PCB-153, PFOA, and urinary Cadmium were associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia, while PBDE-153 showed an inverse association with the effect. Furthermore, exposure to Cadmium, PCB-138, and to PCB-153 was positively associated with uric acid levels. Results were consistent after lipid adjustment or standardization. WQS analyses revealed a major contribution of PCB-153 within the PCB mixture on both the risk of hyperuricemia and uric acid levels. Sensitivity analyses were performed by adjusting for dietary habits, fasting glucose and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Overall, we found novel associations between human exposure to mixtures of PTSs and disturbances in uric acid homeostasis. However, we cannot completely rule out potential residual confounding effect or reversed-causality related to the cross-sectional design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pedro Arrebola
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Oncology Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan José Ramos
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Bartolomé
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Esteban
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Huetos
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Cañas
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana López-Herranz
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Calvo
- Ibermutuamur, Ramirez de Arellano 27, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Argelia Castaño
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Kaifie A, Schettgen T, Gube M, Ziegler P, Kraus T, Esser A. Functional and structural liver abnormalities in former PCB exposed workers - analyses from the HELPcB cohort. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 82:52-61. [PMID: 30526399 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1555728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) on liver function and structure are still under debate. Although higher transaminase activity and tumor promoting potential of PCB reported for animal and human studies was suggested, these studies were not able to provide definitive evidence on the ability of these chemicals to affect liver function and contribution to tumor development. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of PCB on liver function and morphology in a cohort of former PCB exposed workers. Over 5 years, a longitudinal analysis of the association between PCB concentration and hepatic transaminases such as alanine transaminase (ALT) aspartate amino transaminase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransferase (γGT), as well as liver size and structure was undertaken. Data demonstrated a significant inverse association between PCB concentration and γGT activity levels but there was no marked relationship with AST and ALT activities. Regarding sonographic examination, a significant association was found between liver size and PCB concentration. This association remained, even after adjusting for alcohol consumption, liver affecting drugs, timespan of internal exposure, or age. No marked correlation was noted between PCB concentration and liver structure changes. In summary, an association was observed between PCB concentration and γGT activity levels as well as liver size in humans. The long-term health consequences attributed to PCB on liver and in particular in tumorigenesis are not foreseeable in our cohort thus far, but remain a focus in further ongoing surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kaifie
- a Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- a Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Monika Gube
- a Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
- b Public Health Department Aachen , Aachen , Aachen , Germany
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- a Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- a Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - André Esser
- a Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
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17
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Brankovič J, Jovanovski S, Jevnikar P, Hofmeister A, Reininger-Gutmann B, Jan J, Grošelj M, Osredkar J, Uršič M, Fazarinc G, Pogačnik A, Vrecl M. Alterations in geometry, biomechanics, and mineral composition of juvenile rat femur induced by nonplanar PCB-155 and/or planar PCB-169. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1135-1146. [PMID: 27393578 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to widespread lipophilic and bioaccumulative polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) induces diverse biochemical and toxicological responses in various organs, including the bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in growth rate, geometry, serum, and bone biochemical parameters and biomechanics of juvenile rat femur induced by lactational exposure to nonplanar PCB-155 and planar PCB-169 individually and in combination. Fifteen lactating Wistar rats were divided into four groups (PCB-169, PCB-155, PCB-155+169, and control), and PCBs were administered intraperitoneally at different time points after delivery. Femurs from 22-day-old offspring were analyzed by microCT, three-point bending test and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to obtain data on bone geometry, biomechanics and mineral composition. The serum levels of calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were also determined. Lactational exposure to planar PCB-169 resulted in shorter and thinner femurs, reduced endosteal and periosteal perimeters, smaller total cross-sectional and medullary areas, and lowered serum bone marker levels and calcium levels in the bone, while femur mechanical properties were not significantly altered. The changes observed in the combination exposure (PCB-155+169) group were similar to those observed in the PCB-169 group but were less pronounced. In summary, our results demonstrate that alterations in lactationally exposed offspring were primarily induced by planar PCB-169. The milder outcome in the combined group suggested that the PCB-169-mediated toxic effects on the bone might be reduced by a nonplanar PCB-155 congener. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1135-1146, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Brankovič
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Sašo Jovanovski
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Vodnjanska 17, Skopje, 1000, Macedonia
| | - Peter Jevnikar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Alexander Hofmeister
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Birgit Reininger-Gutmann
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Janja Jan
- Department of Dental Diseases and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Maja Grošelj
- Department of Dental Diseases and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Joško Osredkar
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Njegoševa 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Uršič
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Fazarinc
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Azra Pogačnik
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
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Sung J, Jeong HS, Lee J. Effect of the Capsicoside G-rich Fraction from Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Seeds on High-fat Diet-induced Obesity in Mice. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1848-1855. [PMID: 27538894 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most common metabolic syndromes and is a major threat to human health worldwide. Given the size of this problem, there is growing interest in natural agents that may decrease obesity. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of a capsicoside G-rich fraction (CRF; 13.35% capsicoside G) isolated from pepper seeds in diet-induced obese mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD), with or without CRF (HFD + CRF; 10 and 100 mg/kg body weight). The body weight and food efficiency ratio of mice fed HFD + CRF were lower in comparison to that of mice fed only an HFD. Epididymal adipose tissue weight and adipocyte hypertrophy were significantly lower in HFD + CRF mice than in HFD mice. The fat deposition in the liver of mice fed HFD + CRF was lower compared to that of mice fed only an HFD. CRF significantly reversed the HFD-induced elevation of the expression of key adipocyte differentiation regulators, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c, and their target genes. These results suggest that CRF could be used as dietary therapy for the prevention of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehye Sung
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Korea
| | - Heon Sang Jeong
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Korea
| | - Junsoo Lee
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Korea.
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Buha A, Antonijević B, Milovanović V, Janković S, Bulat Z, Matović V. Polychlorinated biphenyls as oxidative stress inducers in liver of subacutely exposed rats: implication for dose-dependence toxicity and benchmark dose concept. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 136:309-317. [PMID: 25460651 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity is one of the well-documented adverse health effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)-persistent organic pollutants widely present in the environment. Although previous studies suggest possible role of oxidative stress, the precise mechanisms of PCB-induced ROS production in liver still remain to be fully assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of PCBs on the parameters of oxidative stress and to investigate whether these effects are dose dependent. Furthermore, a comparison between calculated benchmark doses (BMD) and estimated NOAEL values for investigated parameters, was made. Six groups of male albino Wistar rats (7 animals per group) were receiving Aroclor 1254 dissolved in corn oil in the doses of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 mg PCBs/kg b.w./day by oral gavage during 28 days while control animals were receiving corn oil only. The following parameters of oxidative stress were analyzed in liver homogenates: superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total protein thiol levels. Hepatic enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and protein albumin were also determined in serum as clinical parameters of liver function. Collected data on the investigated parameters were analyzed by the BMD method. The results of this study demonstrate that subacute exposure to PCBs causes induction of oxidative stress in liver with dose-dependent changes of the investigated parameters, although more pronounced adverse effects were observed on enzymatic than on non-enzymatic components of antioxidant protection. The obtained values for BMD and NOAEL support the use of BMD concept in the prediction of health risks associated with PCBs exposure. Furthermore, our results implicate possible use of MDA in PCBs risk assessment, since MDA was the most sensitive investigated parameter with calculated low critical effect dose of 0.07 mg/kg b.w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Milovanović
- Chemicals Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saša Janković
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Matović
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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20
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Lee YM, Bae SG, Lee SH, Jacobs DR, Lee DH. Persistent organic pollutants and hyperuricemia in the U.S. general population. Atherosclerosis 2013; 230:1-5. [PMID: 23958244 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Background exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has emerged as a new risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS), while hyperuricemia is associated with MetS through unclear mechanisms. OBJECTIVE We examined cross-sectional data for consistency with the hypothesis that POPs are a common underlying risk factor of both MetS and hyperuricemia. METHODS We evaluated associations of POPs with hyperuricemia in subjects aged ≥20 years in the population-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004. Sample size was n = 1331 for organochlorine (OC) pesticides and n = 1299 for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). RESULTS Among all subjects, the risk of hyperuricemia was higher for higher serum concentrations of OC pesticides, PCDDs, and dioxin-like PCBs. PCDFs and nondioxin-like PCBs did not show any clear trend. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for OC pesticides, PCDDs, and dioxin-like PCBs were 1.0, 2.4, 2.3, 3.0, and 2.5 (P trend = 0.05), 1.0, 1.6, 1.4, 2.1, and 2.5 (P trend = 0.01), and 1.0, 1.3, 1.4, 1.3, and 2.4 (P trend = 0.04). When we restricted the analyses to subjects without MetS, all these associations appeared to strengthen. CONCLUSION This study is consistent with our hypothesis that the risk of hyperuricemia relates to background exposure to a mixture of POPs even among persons without MetS. There should be further research about whether avoiding exposure to POPs and otherwise decreasing body burden of POPs would be helpful to prevent or manage hyperuricemia or gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mi Lee
- Department of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Sonne C, Rigét FF, Leat EHK, Bourgeon S, Borgå K, Strøm H, Hanssen SA, Gabrielsen GW, Petersen A, Olafsdottir K, Magnusdottir E, Bustnes JO, Furness RW, Kjelgaard-Hansen M. Organohalogen contaminants and Blood plasma clinical-chemical parameters in three colonies of North Atlantic Great skua (Stercorarius skua). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 92:245-251. [PMID: 23537726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study compares blood plasma clinical-chemical parameters (BCCPs) in birds from three geographically distinct North Atlantic Great skua (Stercorarius skua) colonies. Birds from these sites bioaccumulate different POP (persistent organic pollutant) concentrations and that enabled us to compare Great skua BCCPs in different exposure scenarios. Persistent organic pollutants (organochlorines: PCB, DDT, chlordanes, HCB, HCH, mirex and brominated flame retardants: PBDEs) and nineteen BCCPs were analysed in 114 adult Great skuas sampled during summer 2009 in North Atlantic colonies at Bjørnøya (n=42), Iceland (n=57) and Shetland (n=15). Specimens from Bjørnøya had the highest blood plasma concentrations of all contaminant groups followed by Iceland and Shetland birds, respectively (ANOVA: p<0.05). Most of the 19 BCCP parameters followed the pattern of colony differences found for contaminants, with Bjørnøya having the highest concentrations. However seven BCCPs, the three liver enzymes ALKP, ALAT and GGT as well as bile acids, cholesterol, sodium and potassium, did not differ between colonies (ANOVA: p>0.05). Therefore correlation analyses of these seven BCCPs vs. POPs were done on the combined colony data while the analyses of the remaining 12 BCCPs were carried out for each colony separately. The analyses of combined colony data showed that the blood plasma concentration of liver enzymes ALAT and GGT increased with increasing concentrations of ΣPBDE and ΣHCH, HCB and ΣCHL, respectively (all Pearson's p<0.05). In Great skuas from Shetland, the important osmotic transport protein albumin increased with increasing concentrations of ΣPCB and ΣDDT, while total blood plasma protein increased with ΣPCB, ΣDDT, ΣHCH and HCB concentrations (all Pearson's p<0.05). In both Bjørnøya and Iceland skuas, blood plasma pancreatic enzyme amylase decreased with increasing ΣHCH concentrations while the erythrocyte waste product total bilirubin in blood plasma increased with increasing ΣHCH and ΣPBDE concentrations in Iceland Great skuas (all Pearson's p<0.05). In Bjørnøya birds, blood plasma urea from protein metabolism (reflects kidney function) increased with increasing ΣPBDE concentrations (Pearson's p<0.05). Furthermore, a redundancy analysis showed that 10.6% of the variations in BCCPs could be explained by the variations in POP concentrations. Based on these results we suggest that liver and renal functions could be negatively affected by different POP compounds. It is, however, uncertain if the colony BCCP differences and their relationship to POP concentrations reflect health effects that could have an overall impact on the populations via reduced survival and reproduction parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Sonne C, Bustnes JO, Herzke D, Jaspers VLB, Covaci A, Eulaers I, Halley DJ, Moum T, Ballesteros M, Eens M, Ims RA, Hanssen SA, Erikstad KE, Johnsen TV, Rigét FF, Jensen AL, Kjelgaard-Hansen M. Blood plasma clinical-chemical parameters as biomarker endpoints for organohalogen contaminant exposure in Norwegian raptor nestlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 80:76-83. [PMID: 22445502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Raptors are exposed to biomagnifying and toxic organohalogenated compounds (OHCs) such as organochlorines, brominated flame retardants and perfluorinated compounds. To investigate how OHC exposure may affect biochemical pathways we collected blood plasma from Norwegian northern goshawk (n=56), golden eagle (n=12) and white-tailed eagle (n=36) nestlings during three consecutive breeding seasons. We found that blood plasma concentrations of calcium, sodium, creatinine, cholesterol, albumin, total protein, urea, inorganic phosphate, protein:creatinine, urea:creatinine and uric acid:creatinine ratios and liver enzymes ALKP and ALAT were positively correlated to PCBs, chlordanes, p,p'-DDE, HCB, PFCs and/or PBDEs. Total bilirubin and glucose were negatively correlated to PCBs while magnesium and potassium were negatively correlated to HCB and p,p'-DDE. In addition, protein:creatinine and ALAT were also negatively correlated to PCBs and PFCs, respectively. The most significant relationships were found for the highly contaminated northern goshawks and white-tailed eagles. The statistical relationships between OHCs and BCCPs indicate that biochemical pathways could be influenced while it is uncertain if such changes have any health effects. The OHC concentrations were below concentrations causing reproductive toxicity in adults of other raptor species but similar to those of concern for endocrine disruption of thyroid hormones in e.g., bald eagles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sonne
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Wang Y, Lu C, Sheng Z, Liu G, Fu Z, Zhu B, Peng S. Enhanced hepatotoxicity induced by repeated exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in combination in male rats. J Environ Sci (China) 2011; 23:119-124. [PMID: 21476350 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are among persistent polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons that exist as complex mixtures in the environment worldwide. The present study was attempted to investigate the hepatotoxicity following repeated exposure to TCDD and PCBs in combination in male rats, and to reveal the involvement of potential mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to TCDD (10 microg/kg) and Aroclor 1254 (10 mg/kg, a representative mixture of PCBs) alone or in combination by intragastric administration. After 12-day exposure, all treatments produced significant hepatotoxicity as characterized by changes of plasma biochemistry and histopathological changes. These effects were more prominent in the combined group. Furthermore, all treatments induced hepatic cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) expression, and the maximal level of CYP1A1 expression was observed in the combined group, as in the case of the most severe hepatotoxicity evoked by the combined exposure. These findings indicated that the hepatotoxicity induced by TCDD and Aroclor 1254 might be ascribed to the high expression of hepatic CYP1A1. The present study demonstrates the enhanced hepatotoxicity after exposure to TCDD and PCBs in combination in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Wang
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
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Van den Steen E, Eens M, Geens A, Covaci A, Darras VM, Pinxten R. Endocrine disrupting, haematological and biochemical effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in a terrestrial songbird, the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:6142-6147. [PMID: 20888617 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We exposed female European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) during a 6month period to environmentally relevant concentrations of a pentabromodiphenyl ether (Penta-BDE) mixture (about 1740μg/kg body weight) through subcutaneous implants, and examined endocrine disruptive, haematological and biochemical effects. To investigate endocrine disrupting effects of PBDEs, testosterone, estradiol and thyroid hormones (T(3) and T(4)) were measured in the plasma. We found no significant differences between the control and exposed groups for any of the hormones. However, 14days after implantation, T(3) concentrations tended to be lower in the exposed group compared to the control group. For albumin, our results suggest that short term exposure of PBDEs may result in a negative effect on albumin, while the opposite was observed on a longer term (6months after implantation). However, from the statistical analysis, effects on albumin disappeared when excluding females that laid eggs. These results demonstrate that observed effects during the breeding season should be interpreted carefully when the breeding status of females is unknown. There were no significant differences found between the control and exposed groups for the other biochemical parameters (total protein, uric acid, cholesterol, aspartate transaminase, total antioxidative capacity, high-density lipoproteins and creatine kinase) and haematological parameters (amount of red blood cells, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin). All together, our results suggest that European starlings, similar to other passerine species, may be less sensitive to the effects of organohalogenated pollutants, such as PBDEs, than other bird species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Ethology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Alonso V, Linares V, Bellés M, Albina ML, Pujol A, Domingo JL, Sánchez DJ. Effects of BDE-99 on hormone homeostasis and biochemical parameters in adult male rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2206-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Effects of exposure to BDE-99 on oxidative status of liver and kidney in adult rats. Toxicology 2010; 271:51-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Swarthout RF, Keller JM, Peden-Adams M, Landry AM, Fair PA, Kucklick JR. Organohalogen contaminants in blood of Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) and green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) from the Gulf of Mexico. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 78:731-741. [PMID: 20004460 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 10/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The threat that exposure to organohalogen (OH) contaminants poses to endangered populations of Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) and green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) is not well understood, partly because few OH data are available. Blood samples from live juvenile and sub-adult L. kempii (n = 46) and C. mydas (n = 9) from the Gulf of Mexico and from L. kempii from the southeastern US coast (n = 3) were extracted using microwave-assisted extraction, and analyzed by large volume injection gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for 85 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 25 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 27 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Plasma chemistries, hematology and immune responses were also assessed. Concentrations of SigmaPCBs (geometric mean, range: 3190 pg g(-1), 227-21590 pg g(-1) blood), SigmaDDTs (geometric mean, range: 541 pg g(-1), 161-4310 pg g(-1) blood) and OCPs in L. kempii from the Gulf were comparable to those reported in L. kempii from the Atlantic. SigmaPBDEs were detected in all samples (geometric mean, range: 146 pg g(-1), 19.5-1450 pg g(-1) blood), with PBDE 47, 99, 100, 153 and 154 being the predominant congeners. SigmaPCBs, SigmaDDTs and Sigmachlordanes were one order of magnitude lower in green turtles, and SigmaPBDE concentrations were lower by half due to trophic level differences. L. kempii from the southeast USA had higher percentages of highly chlorinated PCBs indicating exposure to Aroclor 1268. Blood urea nitrogen was positively correlated to Sigmachlordanes, and SigmaPCBs were inversely correlated to creatine phosphokinase in L. kempii. These data help establish baseline contaminant concentrations in live L. kempii and C. mydas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Swarthout
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
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Sonne C, Bustnes JO, Herzke D, Jaspers VLB, Covaci A, Halley DJ, Moum T, Eulaers I, Eens M, Ims RA, Hanssen SA, Einar Erikstad K, Johnsen T, Schnug L, Rigét FF, Jensen AL. Relationships between organohalogen contaminants and blood plasma clinical-chemical parameters in chicks of three raptor species from Northern Norway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:7-17. [PMID: 19800686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Organohalogen contaminants (OHCs) may affect various physiological parameters in birds including blood chemistry. We therefore examined blood plasma clinical-chemical parameters and OHCs in golden eagle, white-tailed eagle and goshawk chicks from Northern Norway. Correlation analyses on pooled data showed that alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), glucose and creatinine were significantly negatively correlated to various OHCs (all: p<0.05; r: -0.43 to -0.55; n=23), while alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), total protein, cholesterol, uric acid, total bilirubin, ratios protein:creatinine and uric acid:creatinine were significantly positively correlated to various OHCs (all: p<0.05; r: 0.43-0.96). Based on these relationships, we suggest that the OHC concentrations found in certain raptor chicks of Northern Scandinavia may impact blood plasma biochemistry in a way that indicates impacts on liver, kidney, bone, endocrinology and metabolism. In order to elaborate further on these relationships and mechanisms, we recommend that a larger study should take place in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sonne
- Arhus University, National Environmental Research Institute, Department of Arctic Environment, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Sonne C, Dietz R, Kirkegaard M, Letcher RJ, Shahmiri S, Andersen S, Møller P, Olsen AK, Jensen AL. Effects of organohalogen pollutants on haematological and urine clinical-chemical parameters in Greenland sledge dogs (Canis familiaris). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2008; 69:381-90. [PMID: 17434585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Seven West Greenland sledge dog bitches (Canis familiaris) and their three pups were fed 50-200 g of contaminated West Greenland minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) blubber, and in a control cohort eight sister bitches and their five pups were fed a similar amount pork fat. Blood plasma and urine clinical-chemical parameters were measured and compared between the bitches and pups form the control and exposed cohorts. Based on existing reference intervals, Arctic mammals may have blood clinical-chemical endpoint levels that differ from comparable species at lower latitudes. The cortisol:creatinine ratio, protein:creatinine ratio, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and inorganic phosphate were significantly highest (ANCOVA: all p<0.05) in the pup generation. The cortisol:creatinine ratio, cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine kinase were significantly higher (ANCOVA: all p<0.05) in the control group, while glucose was significantly highest (ANCOVA: p<0.05) in the exposed group. Furthermore, the blood cholesterol levels indicate that exposure via the diet to marine mammal blubber has a preventive effect on the development of cardiovascular diseases. We therefore suggest that the consumption of contaminated Arctic marine blubber impacted liver and kidney function in adult and pup sledge dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sonne
- Section for Contaminants and Marine Mammals, Department of Arctic Environment, National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aarhus, Roskilde, Denmark.
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Sonne C, Leifsson PS, Dietz R, Kirkegaard M, Jensen AL, Shahmiri S, Letcher RJ. Greenland sledge dogs (Canis familiaris) develop liver lesions when exposed to a chronic and dietary low dose of an environmental organohalogen cocktail. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2008; 106:72-80. [PMID: 17904542 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the relationship between exposure to organohalogen polluted minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) blubber and liver morphology and function in a generational controlled study of 28 Greenland sledge dogs (Canis familiaris). The prevalence of portal fibrosis, mild bile duct hyperplasia, and vascular leukocyte infiltrations was significantly higher in the exposed group (all Chi-square: p<0.05). In case of granulomas, the frequency was significantly highest in the bitches (P generation) while the prevalence of portal fibrosis was highest in the F generation (pups) (both Chi-square: p<0.05). No significant difference between exposed and controls was found for bile acid, ALAT, and ALKP, while ASAT and LDH were significantly highest in the control group (both ANOVA: p<0.05). We therefore suggest that a daily intake of 50-200g environmentally organohalogen polluted minke whale blubber can cause liver lesions in Greenland sledge dogs. It is reasonable to infer that other apex predators such as polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and humans may suffer from similar impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sonne
- Section for Contaminants, Effects and Marine Mammals, Department of Arctic Environment, National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aarhus, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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