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Li S, Liu H, Huang W, Yang S, Xie M, Zhou M, Lu B, Li B, Tan B, Yang Y, Dong X. Effect of three polychaetes on growth and reproductive performance, biochemical indices and histology of different tissues in the female Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2025; 21:49-62. [PMID: 40292183 PMCID: PMC12023780 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 11/14/2024] [Accepted: 11/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
A 30-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of three fresh-live polychaetes as diets on growth and reproductive performance, biochemical indices and histology of different tissues in female Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) broodstock. Two novel polychaete species, Marphysa maxidenticulata (MM group) and Perinereis nuntia (PN group), and a traditional species, Perinereis aibuhitensis (PA group), were used as a single diet and individual experimental groups, respectively. A total of 225 healthy female broodstock shrimp, initial weight of 59.70 ± 0.18 g, were randomly divided into three groups (three replicates of 25 shrimp each). The results showed that the MM group outperformed the PA and PN groups in growth indices, with the highest weight gain, specific growth rate, molting rate, protein efficiency ratio, gonadosomatic index, and lower feed conversion ratio compared to the PN group (P < 0.05). Regarding reproductive performance, the MM group had the highest daily number of sexually mature female broodstock shrimp, successful mating count, maturity rate, mating rate, spawning cycle, total number of fertilized eggs, individual fertilized egg yield, area of mature oocytes, total number of nauplii, naupliar yield/shrimp, hatching rate, and the lowest naupliar deformity rate than the other two groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared to the PA and PN groups, the MM group demonstrated superior activities of lipid metabolism-related enzymes and digestive enzymes, and antioxidant capacity in the hepatopancreas, intestine and serum, as well as reduced malondialdehyde levels. Meanwhile, the ovaries of the MM group showed a significant accumulation of triglycerides, estradiol, and vitellogenin compared to the other groups. Histology revealed more developed secretory cells in the hepatopancreas and larger mature oocytes in the MM group compared to the others. In conclusion, M. maxidenticulata can maximize growth, reproductive performance, the activities of lipid metabolism-related enzymes and digestive enzymes, antioxidant and immune ability of female broodstock shrimp. This study demonstrated that M. maxidenticulata could be used as a potential fresh-live diet for the female L. vannamei broodstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaipeng Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- Guang Dong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- Guang Dong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Weibin Huang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- Guang Dong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Shipei Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- Guang Dong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingsheng Xie
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- Guang Dong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Menglong Zhou
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- Guang Dong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Baiquan Lu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- Guang Dong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Biao Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- Guang Dong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- Guang Dong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanzhi Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- Guang Dong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- Guang Dong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
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Kim HR, Tabiatnejad P, Arestakesyan H, Young CN. Modulation of liver lipid metabolic pathways by central nervous system ER stress. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2025; 328:E833-E844. [PMID: 40261717 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00392.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Revised: 11/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 04/24/2025]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, can increase the risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Accumulating reports have implicated the central nervous system in MASLD pathogenesis, specifically endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in subfornical organ (SFO) to hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) projecting neurons (SFO→PVN). Here, we investigated how ER stress in this neural circuit influences hepatic lipid regulatory pathways that may contribute to MASLD development during obesity. Hepatic steatosis was elicited by feeding C57BL/6J male mice a high-fat diet for 11 wk. Intersectional viral targeting was used to inhibit ER stress in SFO→PVN neurons to examine the contribution of ER stress in this circuit to hepatic lipid acquisition and disposal genes during obesity. Inhibition of ER stress in SFO→PVN neurons of obese mice resulted in a reduction in hepatic triglycerides and lipid acquisition genes that was paralleled by a reduction in liver tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis. Moreover, hepatic tyrosine hydroxylase expression was positively correlated with lipid acquisition but not disposal pathways. These results indicate that ER stress in SFO→PVN neurons may contribute to MASLD through sympathetic nervous system influences, primarily on hepatic lipid acquisition.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Endoplasmic reticulum stress in SFO→PVN neurons modulates hepatic lipid acquisition and disposal pathways during obesity-induced hepatic steatosis. Hepatic tyrosine hydroxylase levels are positively correlated with liver triglyceride levels and lipid acquisition pathway-related genes in diet-induced obese animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Rae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Parisa Tabiatnejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Hovhannes Arestakesyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Colin N Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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Marei S, Maatouk N, AbouHaidar M, Talhouk R. Developmental Regulation of circRNAs in Normal and Diseased Mammary Gland: A Focus on circRNA-miRNA Networks. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2025; 30:8. [PMID: 40314719 PMCID: PMC12048424 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-025-09580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in various biological processes including diseases. In the mammary gland (MG), which undergoes most of its development postnatally, circRNAs play pivotal roles in both physiological and pathological contexts. This review highlights the involvement of circRNAs during key developmental stages of the MG, with particular emphasis on lactation, where circRNA-miRNA networks significantly influence milk secretion and composition. CircRNAs exhibit stage-, breed- and species-specific expression patterns during lactation, which underscores their complexity. This intricate regulation also plays a significant role in pathological conditions of the MG, where dysregulated circRNA expression contributes to disease progression such as mastitis, early breast cancer (BC) stages, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in BC (EMT). In mastitis, altered circRNA expression disrupts immune responses and compromises epithelial integrity. During early BC progression, circRNAs drive cell proliferation, while in EMT, they facilitate metastatic processes. By focusing on the circRNA-miRNA interactions underlying these processes, this review highlights their potential use as biomarkers for MG development, disease progression, and as therapeutic targets.
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MESH Headings
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- RNA, Circular/metabolism
- Humans
- Female
- Animals
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Human/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Human/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Mammary Glands, Animal/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Lactation/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Marei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nour Maatouk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mounir AbouHaidar
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rabih Talhouk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Ansah EO, Kyei F, Opoku CF, Danquah A, Fosu K, Agyenim EB, Agyirifo DS. Associations Between Lipid Traits and Breast Cancer Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study in African Women. Cancer Med 2025; 14:e70928. [PMID: 40318100 PMCID: PMC12048702 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2025] [Accepted: 04/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/07/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood lipids are implicated in the development of breast cancer (BC), though the genetic connection remains unclear, particularly in African populations. Observational studies on this topic are limited by confounding factors and reverse causation, potentially affecting the reliability of findings. METHODS We applied univariate and multivariable two-sample Mendelian randomization to assess the causal association between blood lipids (total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and triglycerides [TG]) and BC. Summary-level data for lipid traits were sourced from the Africa Wits-INDEPTH partnership for Genomic Research (AWI-Gen) (N = 10,603 women). BC data were obtained from the largest genome-wide association study of BC in African women, comprising 18,034 BC cases and 22,104 controls. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that genetically predicted TG was associated with a decreased BC risk (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.56-0.95, p = 0.018. In contrast, no significant associations were found between TC, HDL, or LDL levels and BC risk: TC (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.93-1.18, p = 0.467), HDL (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 0.93-1.79, p = 0.121), and LDL (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.90-1.20, p = 0.577). After adjusting for the effects of other lipid traits, the association between TG and BC was attenuated, and no associations were observed for TC, HDL, or LDL. No causal relationship was found between lipid traits and BC subtypes. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that elevated triglycerides may be associated with a reduced risk of BC, whereas no significant associations were observed for TC, HDL, or LDL. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and potential clinical implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Owusu Ansah
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
- Gene Therapy ProgrammeThrivus Institute for Biomedical Science and TechnologyCape CoastGhana
| | - Foster Kyei
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
| | - Caleb Frimpong Opoku
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
- Dormaa Presbyterian HospitalDormaa AhenkroGhana
| | - Andrews Danquah
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
| | - Kwadwo Fosu
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
- West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious PathogensUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana
| | | | - Daniel Sakyi Agyirifo
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
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Chen H, Nisar MA, Mulla J, Li X, Cao K, Lu S, Nagaoka K, Wu S, Ting PS, Tseng TS, Lin HY, Yin XM, Feng W, Wu Z, Cheng Z, Mueller W, Bay A, Schechner L, Bai X, Huang CK. Liver TET1 promotes metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. EMBO Mol Med 2025; 17:1101-1117. [PMID: 40164757 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-025-00224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2025] [Accepted: 03/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Global hepatic DNA methylation change has been linked to human patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). DNA demethylation is regulated by the TET family proteins, whose enzymatic activities require 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) and iron that both are elevated in human MASLD patients. We aimed to investigate liver TET1 in MASLD progression. Depleting TET1 using two different strategies substantially alleviated MASLD progression. Knockout (KO) of TET1 slightly improved diet induced obesity and glucose homeostasis. Intriguingly, hepatic cholesterols, triglycerides, and CD36 were significantly decreased upon TET1 depletion. Consistently, liver specific TET1 KO led to improvement of MASLD progression. Mechanistically, TET1 promoted CD36 expression through transcriptional upregulation via DNA demethylation control. Overexpression of CD36 reversed the impacts of TET1 downregulation on fatty acid uptake in hepatocytes. More importantly, targeting TET1 with a small molecule inhibitor significantly suppressed MASLD progression. Conclusively, liver TET1 plays a deleterious role in MASLD, suggesting the potential of targeting TET1 in hepatocytes to suppress MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongze Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Muhammad Azhar Nisar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Joud Mulla
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Xinjian Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Kevin Cao
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shaolei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Katsuya Nagaoka
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shang Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Peng-Sheng Ting
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tung-Sung Tseng
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department Structural Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zhijin Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zhixiang Cheng
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - William Mueller
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Amalia Bay
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Layla Schechner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xuewei Bai
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chiung-Kuei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Cui X, Sun Q, Wang H. Targeting fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21: a promising strategy for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease treatment. Front Pharmacol 2025; 16:1510322. [PMID: 40331190 PMCID: PMC12052895 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1510322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatitic liver disease (MASLD) is the predominant chronic liver disease, with its incidence increasing year by year. It has emerged as the most rapidly increasing contributor to liver-related mortality worldwide and is becoming a principal cause of end-stage liver disorders, primarily cancer of the liver and liver transplantation, hence putting a substantial economic burden on public health. The approval of Resmetirom signifies significant advancement in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH); nonetheless, the heterogeneity of MASLD renders it challenging for a single medication to address the requirements of all patients. Consequently, it is essential to formulate varied therapeutic approaches for distinct pathogenic causes and phases of disease. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a member of the fibroblast growth factor family, plays a positive and protective role in MASLD. It attenuates hepatic steatosis and lipotoxicity, ameliorates insulin resistance (IR), reduces oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and inflammation, as well as possesses anti-fibrotic effects. As a result, FGF21 has the potential to treat MASLD. In this review, we will address the possible mechanisms of FGF21 therapy for MASLD to facilitate the development of clinical therapies targeting FGF21 for MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Cui
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Quanhao Sun
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Haiqiang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Singh R, Katrolia A, Pal V. Chromenochalcones: a comprehensive review on developments towards a medicinal perspective. RSC Med Chem 2025:d5md00062a. [PMID: 40352673 PMCID: PMC12062893 DOI: 10.1039/d5md00062a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2025] [Accepted: 04/18/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Chalcones are indeed a versatile scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Their structure, featuring an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group, makes them highly reactive and capable of interacting with various biological targets. This reactivity is a key reason why chalcones and their derivatives are of such interest in drug discovery. The continued exploration of chalcone derivatives in medicinal chemistry will likely yield new insights and therapeutic candidates, given their broad spectrum of biological activities and the flexibility in modifying their structures. As chalcone derivatives, pyranochalcones and chromanchalcones are members of a subclass of flavonoids that are widely distributed. Several scientific databases were investigated to compile articles that illustrated the biological functions of chromenochalcones and their derivatives. Preclinical research on chromenochalcones and their derivatives is well covered in this review, highlighting the compounds with enormous significance as antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antileishmanial, cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant agents. In addition, the article briefly discusses the synthetic pathways employed for the total synthesis of selected pyranochalcones, including mallaophilippens C and E, citrunobin, and lesperol. Consequently, this overview may help research and design novel, potent therapeutic medications based on previously developed methodologies. This review is intended to provide a thorough, authoritative, and critical assessment of the chromenochalcone template for the chemistry community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, JSS University C-1/A, Sector-62 Noida Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Archita Katrolia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, JSS University C-1/A, Sector-62 Noida Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ved Pal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, JSS University C-1/A, Sector-62 Noida Uttar Pradesh India
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Wang B, Yang Y, Yin Z, Yang W. The causal impact of body mass index on metabolic biomarkers and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease risk. Sci Rep 2025; 15:10314. [PMID: 40133380 PMCID: PMC11937590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-84165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing global health concern linked to obesity. METHODS This study employed a Mendelian randomization approach to explore the causal influence of BMI on metabolic biomarkers and the subsequent risk of NAFLD. We analyzed data from multiple sources, including 249 metabolic traits, to establish direct and mediating relationships among BMI, metabolic factors, and NAFLD risk. RESULTS Our findings revealed a significant positive correlation between BMI and NAFLD across various datasets. We identified 176 metabolites associated with BMI, of which 106 were also linked to NAFLD. Importantly, 86 metabolites were found to mediate the relationship between BMI and NAFLD risk. Specifically, elevated levels of branched-chain amino acids, triglycerides, and certain cholesterol esters were notably associated with increased NAFLD risk, whereas changes in free cholesterol and phospholipid levels also played critical roles. CONCLUSION This study highlights the complex interactions between BMI, metabolic biomarkers, and NAFLD risk. By elucidating these relationships, we highlight potential targets for interventions aimed at reducing NAFLD incidence in populations with elevated BMI, ultimately contributing to improved metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yanjiang Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The People's Hospital of Qiandongnan Autonomous Prefecture, Kaili, 556000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Yin
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Biliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Wenwen Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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Li XQ, Cheng GW, Akiyama I, Huang XJ, Liang J, Xue LY, Cheng Y, Kudo M, Ding H. Attenuation imaging: Diagnostic differences in hepatic steatosis for chronic hepatitis B vs metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease patients. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31:102795. [PMID: 40124278 PMCID: PMC11924003 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i11.102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2025] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/13/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis, characterized by fat accumulation in hepatocytes, can result from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), infections, alcoholism, chemotherapy, and toxins. MASLD is diagnosed via imaging or biopsy with metabolic criteria and may progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, potentially leading to fibrosis, cirrhosis, or cancer. The coexistence of hepatic steatosis with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is mainly related to metabolic factors and increases mortality and cancer risks. As a noninvasive method, attenuation imaging (ATI) shows promise in quantifying liver fat, demonstrating strong correlation with liver biopsy. AIM To investigate the disparity of ATI for assessing biopsy-based hepatic steatosis in CHB patients and MASLD patients. METHODS The study enrolled 249 patients who underwent both ATI and liver biopsy, including 78 with CHB and 171 with MASLD. Hepatic steatosis was classified into grades S0 to S3 according to the proportion of fat cells present. Liver fibrosis was staged from 0 to 4 according to the meta-analysis of histological data in viral hepatitis scoring system. The diagnostic performance of attenuation coefficient (AC) values across different groups was compared for each grade of steatosis. Factors associated with the AC values were determined through linear regression analysis. A multivariate logistic regression model was established to predict ≥ S2 within the MASLD group. RESULTS In both the CHB and the MASLD groups, AC values increased significantly with higher steatosis grade (P < 0.001). In the CHB group, the areas under the curve (AUCs) of AC for predicting steatosis grades ≥ S1, ≥ S2 and S3 were 0.918, 0.960 and 0.987, respectively. In contrast, the MASLD group showed AUCs of 0.836, 0.774, and 0.688 for the same steatosis grades. The diagnostic performance of AC for detecting ≥ S2 and S3 indicated significant differences between the two groups (both P < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis identified body mass index, triglycerides, and steatosis grade as significant factors for AC. When the steatosis grade is ≥ S2, it can progress to more serious liver conditions. A clinical model integrating blood biochemical parameters and AC was developed in the MASLD group to enhance the prediction of ≥ S2, achieving an AUC of 0.848. CONCLUSION The AC could effectively discriminate the degree of steatosis in both the CHB and MASLD groups. In the MASLD group, when combined with blood biochemical parameters, AC exhibited better predictive ability for moderate to severe steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qi Li
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Guang-Wen Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Iwaki Akiyama
- Medical Ultrasound Research Center, Doshisha University, Kyoto 600-8586, Kyōto, Japan
| | - Xian-Jue Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Li-Yun Xue
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Liu R, Zhang F, He X, Huang K. Plant Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles and Their Therapeutic Applications in Glucolipid Metabolism Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2025; 73:6385-6399. [PMID: 40048449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
Plant derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) are membrane structures isolated from different plants, which encapsulate many active substances such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which exert a substantial influence on many physiological processes such as plant growth and development, self-defense, and tissue repair. Compared with synthetic nanoparticles and mammalian cell derived exosomes (MDEs), PELNs have lower toxicity and immunogenicity and possess excellent biocompatibility. The intrinsic properties of PELNs establish a robust basis for their applications in the therapeutic management of a diverse array of pathologies. It is worth mentioning that PELNs have good biological targeting, which promotes them to load and deliver drugs to specific tissues, offering a superior development pathway for the construction of a new drug delivery system (DDS). Glucose and lipid metabolism is a vital life process for the body's energy and material supply. The maintenance of homeostatic balance provides a fundamental basis for the body's ability to adjust to modifications in both its internal and external environment. Conversely, homeostatic imbalance can lead to a range of severe metabolic disorders. This work provides a comprehensive overview of the extraction and representation methods of PELNs, their transportation and storage characteristics, and their applications as therapeutic agents for direct treatment and as delivery vehicles to enhance nutrition and health. Additionally, it examines the therapeutic efficacy and practical applications of PELNs in addressing abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism. Finally, combined with the above contents, the paper summarizes and provides a conceptual framework for the better application of PELNs in clinical disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing 100083, China
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11
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Ha S, Kang S, Jung M, Kim SB, Hwang S, Lee J, Kim D, Choi KC, Park J. Changes in haematological and serum biochemical parameter concentrations from the day of calving to ketosis onset in Holstein dairy cows during the postpartum period. Ir Vet J 2025; 78:8. [PMID: 40108709 PMCID: PMC11921612 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-025-00293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dairy cows commonly experience a negative energy balance (NEB) during early lactation as energy demands for maintenance and milk production exceed intake. Although most cows metabolically adapt to NEB and avoid ketosis, those that fail to adapt develop ketosis, which disrupts metabolism and reduces productivity. Haematological and serum biochemical parameters are crucial for understanding these metabolic disruptions. However, limited research has examined how these parameters change from calving to ketosis onset. This study aimed to investigate these changes, identify parameters associated with ketosis classification, and evaluate their implications for dairy cow health. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of Holstein cows and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) was tested once every three days during the postpartum period (8 times in 21 days). RESULTS Cows were categorised into three groups based on their highest BHBA concentration: non-ketosis (NK; BHBA < 1.2 mmol/L; n = 75), subclinical ketosis (SCK; BHBA ≥ 1.2 mmol/L and < 3.0 mmol/L; n = 46), and clinical ketosis (CK; BHBA ≥ 3.0 mmol/L; n = 35). The NK group had the highest red blood cell and monocyte counts, red cell distribution width, and alanine transaminase (ALT) concentrations. However, this group had the lowest mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and total bilirubin concentrations on the day of calving and at ketosis onset, followed by the SCK and CK groups (p < 0.05). In the NK group, counts of neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils, along with NEFA and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations, decreased from the day of calving to ketosis onset. Conversely, ALT, aspartate transaminase (AST), and magnesium concentrations increased in the SCK and CK groups (p < 0.05). The NK group had the most pronounced changes in glucose, triglyceride, and magnesium and the lowest BHBA, LDH, and AST concentrations, followed by the SCK and CK groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study identified key haematological and serum biochemical changes associated with ketosis classification in dairy cows, highlighting metabolic adaptations in the NK group that mitigate ketosis risk and metabolic dysfunctions in the SCK and CK groups that develop ketosis. These findings provide practical markers for early detection and management of ketosis, supporting improved dairy cow health and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Ha
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seogjin Kang
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Mooyoung Jung
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongsoo Hwang
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihwan Lee
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyeon Kim
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Choon Choi
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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Kang P, Chen Q, Wu J, Zhang Q, Crump D, Su G. Novel Organophosphate Ester Tris(2,4-di- tert-butylphenyl)phosphate Alters Lipid Metabolism: Insights from Lipidomic Analysis and mRNA Expression. Chem Res Toxicol 2025; 38:448-457. [PMID: 39928661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2025]
Abstract
Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate (TDTBPP), a novel organophosphate ester (OPE), has been extensively detected in various environmental and biological samples; however, its potential biological effects remain unexplored. In this study, we investigated biotransformation characteristics, alteration of lipid metabolism, and mRNA expression in primary mouse hepatocytes (PMHs) following exposure to TDTBPP. After 36-h exposure in PMHs, TDTBPP exhibited a high stability potential with no statistically significant degradation trend. Subsequently, we analyzed the disruption of lipid homeostasis in PMHs following exposure to 0-4.5 μM TDTBPP. Lipidomic analysis indicated that TDTBPP disrupted lipid homeostasis in PMHs, and several lipid classes were dysregulated, in particular, glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids. Additionally, three lipids were proposed as potential lipid biomarkers of TDTBPP exposure, including triglycerides (TGs) and phosphatidylcholines (PCs). These observations were further supported by transcriptional changes, with significant alteration observed in genes associated with lipid uptake, de novo lipogenesis, β-oxidation of fatty acids, glycerolipid metabolism, and lipid export. Overall, these findings highlight the detrimental effects of TDTBPP on lipid homeostasis, providing important insights for health risk assessments of this abundant OPE in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Kang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qianyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Doug Crump
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, K1A0H3, Canada
| | - Guanyong Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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13
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Wan T, Chen Z, Li J, Yuan X, Zheng M, Qin L, Zhang L, Hou T, Liu C, Li R. AMPK agonist AICAR ameliorates maternal hepatic lipid metabolism disorder, inflammation, and fibrosis caused by PM 2.5 exposure during pregnancy. Sci Rep 2025; 15:8689. [PMID: 40082541 PMCID: PMC11906884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-93395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Liver is an important target organ of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Numerous studies have shown that PM2.5 exposure can cause liver lipid metabolism disorders and other liver damage in mammals. However, the impact of PM2.5 on liver health during pregnancy, a sensitive life stage, remains understudied, and the underlying mechanisms are also unknown. Given the critical role of adenosine 5'-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) in regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation, we hypothesize that AMPK activation may mitigate maternal hepatic lipid metabolism disorders, reduce inflammation, and attenuate fibrosis induced by PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy. To test this hypothesis, pregnant C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups: filtered air (FA) + NS (normal saline), PM2.5+NS, FA + AICAR (acadesine, an AMPK activator), and PM2.5+AICAR. PM2.5+NS and PM2.5+AICAR groups were continuously exposed to PM2.5 with a whole-body PM2.5 exposure chamber, while the other two groups were exposed to filtered air in the FA chamber. Simultaneously, the FA + AICAR and PM2.5+AICAR groups received intraperitoneal injections of the AMPK agonist AICAR (200 mg/kg∙bw per day) from gestational day 13 (GD13) to GD17, while mice in the FA + NS and PM2.5+NS groups were administered normal saline injection. We found that gestational PM2.5 exposure induced dyslipidemia in pregnant mice, which was alleviated by AICAR treatment. Histopathological analysis showed that the exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy induced hepatic lipid deposition and fibrosis in pregnant mice, and biochemical assays revealed that hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels were also significantly increased in pregnant mice after exposure to PM2.5, whereas the AICAR treatment ameliorated hepatic lipid deposition and fibrosis induced by the exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy. Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy disrupted the expression of key genes and proteins associated with hepatic lipid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, inflammation, and fibrosis, while treatment with AICAR mitigated these effects. These findings demonstrated that AMPK activation ameliorates hepatic lipid metabolism disorders, reduces inflammation, and attenuates fibrosis caused by PM2.5 exposure in mice during pregnancy. AMPK may be a target of action for maternal liver injury induced by PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuan Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyi Yuan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingmeng Zheng
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Qin
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Hou
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ran Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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14
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Subramaniyan V, Hanim YU. Role of pancreatic lipase inhibition in obesity treatment: mechanisms and challenges towards current insights and future directions. Int J Obes (Lond) 2025; 49:492-506. [PMID: 40016558 PMCID: PMC11971044 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-025-01729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/01/2025]
Abstract
The worldwide health emergency of obesity is closely connected to how dietary fats are metabolized, whereas the process is significantly influenced by pancreatic lipase (PL), an enzyme critical for lipid hydrolysis into fatty acids. This narrative review employs a methodological approach utilizing literature searches of PubMed data up to March 2024. The search term criteria encompasses keywords related to the role, mechanism, challenges, and current and future treatments of pancreatic lipase in obesity with an overall references is 106. This paper offers a comprehensive explanation of the role of PL, underlining its significance in the digestive process and lipid imbalances that contribute to obesity and by extension, its impact on obesity development and progression. Additionally, it delves into the dual functionality of the pancreas, emphasizing its impact on metabolism and energy utilization which, when dysregulated, promotes obesity. A focal point of this review is the investigation into the efficacy, challenges, and adverse effects of current pancreatic lipase inhibitors, with orlistat being highlighted as a primary current drug delivery. By discussing advanced obesity treatments, including the exploration of novel anti-obesity medications that target specific biological pathways, this review underscores the complexity of obesity treatment and the necessity for a multifaceted approach. In conclusion, this paper emphasizing the importance of understanding the role of enzymes like pancreatic lipase mechanistic and adopting a multidisciplinary approach to treatment and side effects of current obesity drugs and explore new emerging therapeutic strategies for more effective obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway, 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Yusoff Umul Hanim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway, 47500, Malaysia
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15
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Prescott JB, Liu KJ, Lander A, Pek NMQ, Jha SK, Bokelmann M, Begur M, Koh PW, Yang H, Lim B, Red-Horse K, Weissman IL, Loh KM, Ang LT. Metabolically purified human stem cell-derived hepatocytes reveal distinct effects of Ebola and Lassa viruses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2025.02.17.638665. [PMID: 40027809 PMCID: PMC11870522 DOI: 10.1101/2025.02.17.638665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2025]
Abstract
Ebola and Lassa viruses require biosafety-level-4 (BSL4) containment, infect the liver, and cause deadly hemorrhagic fevers. The cellular effects of these viruses, and whether different families of hemorrhagic-fever viruses elicit similar effects, remain fundamental questions in BSL4 virology. Here, we introduce a new metabolic selection approach to create nearly-pure hepatocytes from human pluripotent stem cells, killing non-liver cells by withholding essential nutrients. Unexpectedly, Ebola and Lassa exerted starkly different effects on human hepatocytes. Ebola infection activated the integrated stress response (ISR) and WNT pathways in hepatocytes in vitro and killed them, whereas Lassa did not. Within non-human primates, Ebola likewise infected hepatocytes and activated ISR signaling in vivo . In summary, we present a single-cell transcriptional and chromatin accessibility roadmap of human hepatocyte differentiation, purification, and viral infection.
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16
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Bernhardt SM, House CD. Bisphenol A and DDT disrupt adipocyte function in the mammary gland: implications for breast cancer risk and progression. Front Oncol 2025; 15:1490898. [PMID: 40034592 PMCID: PMC11873108 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1490898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025] Open
Abstract
As breast cancer incidence continues to rise worldwide, there is a pressing need to understand the environmental factors that contribute to its development. Obesogens, including Bisphenol A (BPA) and Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), are highly prevalent in the environment, and have been associated with obesity and metabolic dysregulation. BPA and DDT, known to disrupt hormone signaling in breast epithelial cells, also promote adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and adipokine secretion in adipose tissue, directly contributing to the pathogenesis of obesity. While the adipose-rich mammary gland may be particularly vulnerable to environmental obesogens, there is a scarcity of research investigating obesogen-mediated changes in adipocytes that drive oncogenic transformation of breast epithelial cells. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical evidence linking BPA and DDT to impaired mammary gland development and breast cancer risk. We discuss how the obesogen-driven mechanisms that contribute to obesity, including changes in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and adipokine secretion, could provide a pro-inflammatory, nutrient-rich environment that promotes activation of oncogenic pathways in breast epithelial cells. Understanding the role of obesogens in breast cancer risk and progression is essential for informing public health guidelines aimed at minimizing obesogen exposure, to ultimately reduce breast cancer incidence and improve outcomes for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Bernhardt
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Carrie D. House
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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17
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Su M, Song Q, Cheng R, Zhang Y, Sun X, Jiang F, Liu Q. Lipid profile in the aqueous humor of diabetic macular edema patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2025; 12:1541360. [PMID: 40027899 PMCID: PMC11868265 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1541360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Diabetic macular edema (DME) has become a global public health focus due to its increasing prevalence and significant impact on central vision. The aim of this study is to analyze the lipid profile characteristics of aqueous humor in DME patients and to identify differential lipid compounds that may serve as potential biomarkers for the pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention. A non-targeted lipidomics approach based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the lipid profiles of aqueous humor from patients with diabetic macular edema (DME group, 11 cases), diabetic cataracts (DC group, 14 cases), and age-related cataract (ARC group, 15 cases). The validation of identified lipid compounds through Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) was conducted to examine possible varied lipid markers, setting the parameters of VIP > 1 and p < 0.05. Additionally, correlation network analysis, community classification, and functional enrichment analysis were performed on the differential lipids. 90 lipid compounds were identified, encompassing a range of 13 lipid categories. There were significant differences in the lipid profiles of the aqueous humor in DME. The lipid profile characteristics of aqueous humor in patients with DME are described for the first time. Compared to the control group. Various lipid metabolic disorders, such as sphingolipids particularly ceramide, phospholipids, and triglycerides, are involved in the pathogenesis of DME, and can be further studied as potential diagnostic and therapeutic lipid biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinglu Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruiwen Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinghong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinghuai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Horn SS, Sonesson AK, Krasnov A, Aslam ML, Hillestad B, Ruyter B. Genetic and metabolic characterization of individual differences in liver fat accumulation in Atlantic salmon. Front Genet 2025; 16:1512769. [PMID: 40018642 PMCID: PMC11865213 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2025.1512769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 03/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lipid accumulation in the liver can negatively impact liver function and health, which is well-described for humans and other mammals, but relatively unexplored in Atlantic salmon. This study investigates the phenotypic, genetic, and transcriptomic variations related to individual differences in liver fat content within a group of slaughter-sized Atlantic salmon reared under the same conditions and fed the same feed. The objective was to increase the knowledge on liver fat deposition in farmed salmon and evaluate the potential for genetic improvement of this trait. Methods The study involved measuring liver fat content in a group of slaughter-sized Atlantic salmon. Genetic analysis included estimating heritability and conducting genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Transcriptomic analysis was performed to link liver fat content to gene expression, focusing on genes involved in lipid metabolic processes. Results There was a large variation in liver fat content, ranging from 3.6% to 18.8%, with frequent occurrences of high liver fat. Livers with higher levels of fat had higher proportions of the fatty acids 16:1 n-7, 18:2 n-6, and 18:1 n-9, and less of the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. The heritability of liver fat was estimated at 0.38, and the genetic coefficient of variation was 20%, indicating substantial potential for selective breeding to reduce liver fat deposition in Atlantic salmon. Liver fat deposition appears to be a polygenic trait, with no large QTLs detected by GWAS. Gene expression analysis linked liver fat content to numerous genes involved in lipid metabolic processes, including key transcription factors such as LXR, SREBP1, and ChREBP. Discussion The results indicated a connection between liver fat and increased cholesterol synthesis in Atlantic salmon, with potentially harmful free cholesterol accumulation. Further, the gene expression results linked liver fat accumulation to reduced peroxisomal β-oxidation, increased conversion of carbohydrates to lipids, altered phospholipid synthesis, and possibly increased de novo lipogenesis. It is undetermined whether these outcomes are due to high fat levels or if they are caused by underlying metabolic differences that result in higher liver fat levels in certain individuals. Nonetheless, the results provide new insights into the metabolic profile of livers in fish with inherent differences in liver fat content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri S. Horn
- Nofima (Norwegian institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture research), Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anna K. Sonesson
- Nofima (Norwegian institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture research), Tromsø, Norway
| | - Aleksei Krasnov
- Nofima (Norwegian institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture research), Tromsø, Norway
| | - Muhammad L. Aslam
- Nofima (Norwegian institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture research), Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Bente Ruyter
- Nofima (Norwegian institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture research), Tromsø, Norway
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19
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Zeng S, Li Z, Li X, Du Q, Zhang Y, Zhong Z, Wang H, Zhang S, Li P, Li H, Chen L, Jiang A, Shang P, Li M, Long K. Inhibition of triglyceride metabolism-associated enhancers alters lipid deposition during adipocyte differentiation. FASEB J 2025; 39:e70347. [PMID: 39873971 PMCID: PMC11774232 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202401137r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 12/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2025] [Indexed: 01/30/2025]
Abstract
Triglyceride (TG) metabolism is a complex and highly coordinated biological process regulated by a series of genes, and its dysregulation can lead to the occurrence of disorders in lipid metabolism. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of crucial genes in TG metabolism mediated by enhancer-promoter interactions remain elusive. Here, we identified candidate enhancers regulating the Agpat2, Dgat1, Dgat2, Pnpla2, and Lipe genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by integrating epigenomic data (H3K27ac, H3K4me1, and DHS-seq) with chromatin three-dimensional interaction data. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that 11 enhancers exhibited fluorescence activity. The repression of enhancers using the dCas9-KRAB system revealed the functional roles of enhancers of Dgat2 and Pnpla2 in regulating their expression and TG metabolism. Furthermore, transcriptome analyses revealed that inhibition of Dgat2-En4 downregulated pathways associated with lipid metabolism, lipid biosynthesis, and adipocyte differentiation. Additionally, overexpression and motif mutation experiments of transcription factor found that two TFs, PPARG and RXRA, regulate the activity of Agpat2-En1, Dgat2-En4, and Pnpla2-En5. Our study identified functional enhancers regulating TG metabolism and elucidated potential regulatory mechanisms of TG deposition from enhancer-promoter interactions, providing insights into understanding lipid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ziqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaokai Li
- Chongqing Academy of Animal SciencesChongqingChina
- National Center of Technology Innovation for PigsChongqingChina
| | - Qinjiao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhining Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Haoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Songling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Penghao Li
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsSichuan Jinxin Xi'nan Women's and Children's HospitalChengduChina
| | - Haohuan Li
- College of Veterinary MedicineSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Li Chen
- Chongqing Academy of Animal SciencesChongqingChina
- National Center of Technology Innovation for PigsChongqingChina
| | - Anan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Peng Shang
- Animal Science CollegeTibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry UniversityLinzhiChina
| | - Mingzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Keren Long
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Chongqing Academy of Animal SciencesChongqingChina
- National Center of Technology Innovation for PigsChongqingChina
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20
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Xu Y, Zhang Y, Sun W, Tang Q, Feng W, Xiao H, Wang J, Yuan X, Xiang M, Gao Y, Zhang H, Lu J. Characteristics of different lipid droplet-mitochondrial contacts patterns during lipid droplet metabolism in T2DM-induced MASLD. Sci Rep 2025; 15:3399. [PMID: 39870911 PMCID: PMC11772659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-87871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 01/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is crucial for hepatic lipid metabolism. Current research identifies two types of mitochondria based on their contact with lipid droplets: peridroplet mitochondria (PDM) and cytoplasmic mitochondria (CM). This work aimed to investigate the alterations of CM and PDM in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) induced by spontaneous type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in db/db mice. It was found that insulin resistance increased both the number and size of lipid droplets in the liver by enhancing the accumulation of free fatty acids, which is accompanied by an increase in contacts with mitochondria. We described the different patterns of tight contacts between small lipid droplets and mitochondria in purified CM and PDM by examining their oxidation states and morphological characteristics. In CM, enhanced fatty acid oxidation resulted in elongated mitochondria that surrounded single small lipid droplets and were responsible for lipid droplet consumption, while in PDM, increased substrates for lipid synthesis promoted lipid droplet expansion with the assistance of the endoplasmic reticulum. These data show the different ways in which mitochondrial contact with lipid droplets could provide new insights for future research on liver lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xu
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Sport and Health Project, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wen Sun
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Sport and Health Project, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanyu Feng
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
- Sport Science Research Institute, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjian Xiao
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Womens Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinmeng Yuan
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqi Xiang
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaran Gao
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiao Lu
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Sport and Health Project, Nanjing, China.
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21
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Li X, Yin X, Xu J, Geng L, Liu Z. Relationship between Abnormal Lipid Metabolism and Gallstone Formation. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2025; 85:11-21. [PMID: 39849808 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2024.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2024] [Revised: 11/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2025]
Abstract
Cholelithiasis is a common biliary system disease with a high incidence worldwide. Abnormal lipid metabolism has been shown to play a key role in the mechanism of gallstones. Therefore, recent research literature on the genes, proteins, and molecular substances involved in lipid metabolism during the pathogenesis of gallstones has been conducted. This study aimed to determine the role of lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of gallstones and provide insights for future studies using previous research in genomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Yin
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Geng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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22
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Taniguchi H, Ueda M, Kobayashi Y, Shima T. BMI gain and dietary characteristics are risk factors of MASLD in non-obese individuals. Sci Rep 2025; 15:2606. [PMID: 39838114 PMCID: PMC11751101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-86424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2025] [Indexed: 01/23/2025] Open
Abstract
This longitudinal observational study aimed to evaluate whether cardiometabolic factors and dietary characteristics are determinants of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in non-obese individuals (body mass index [BMI] < 25 kg/m²). The study was conducted at the Japanese Red Cross Society Kyoto Daiichi Hospital. Clinical data were longitudinally recorded at annual health checks. The diagnosis of MASLD was based on the results of abdominal ultrasonography and cardiometabolic criteria. Lifestyle behaviors and dietary characteristics were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 4,100 non-obese middle-aged and older participants (1,636 men and 2,464 women) were followed up for an average of 6.44 ± 4.16 years. During the follow-up period, there were 410 new cases of MASLD in men (25.1%) and 484 in women (19.6%). The incidence rate was higher for men (39.7 per 1,000 person-years) than for women (30.1 per 1,000 person-years). Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses using the rate of change per year with standardized values found that BMI gain was strongly associated with the onset of MASLD for both men (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.64-2.19) and women (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.72-2.21). Increased waist circumference and triglycerides were also associated with MASLD onset for both men and women. Lowering of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was identified as a risk factor for MASLD in both men and women. Regarding dietary characteristics, the onset of MASLD was significantly and negatively associated with "often eating vegetables" for men (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57-0.93) and "often eating soy products" for women (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.58-0.88), even after adjusting for BMI change and other covariates. These findings suggest that maintaining body weight and favorable dietary characteristics are key factors in the prevention of MASLD in non-obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan.
| | - Miho Ueda
- Center for Health Promotion, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kobayashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Takatomo Shima
- Center for Health Promotion, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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23
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Yao K, Gao Y, Yang L, Yang M, Wu X, Zhang X, Lv Z, Shao W, Wei Y, Ren W. Effects of feeding different proportions of steam-flaked corn-based starter on growth performance, immunity and serum metabolism of pre-weaned Simmental calves. Front Vet Sci 2025; 11:1502738. [PMID: 39877733 PMCID: PMC11772352 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1502738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 12/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study examines the effects of steam-flaked corn starter on pre-weaned Simmental calves' growth, immunity, and metabolism. Despite benefits shown in adult cattle, research on calves is limited. The goal is to optimize calf feeding for better growth, health, and nutrient use. Methods Thirty-two Simmental bull calves (avg. wt: 50.50 ± 4.50 kg, avg. age: 21 ± 7 days) were divided into four groups of eight. The 127-day study included a 7-day pretest and a 120-day trial. Calves had unlimited access to starter feed, alfalfa hay, and water. Groups received starter diets with 0% (CK, control), 33% (SFC33, low), 66% (SFC66, medium), or 100% (SFC100, high) steam-flaked corn replacing regular corn. Other conditions were consistent. Results Feeding 33% steam-flaked corn to pre-weaned Simmental calves led to highest daily weight gain (0.80 kg/d), significantly boosting serum globulin, cholesterol, urea nitrogen, glucose, immunoglobulins, GH, INS, and IGF-1 (P < 0.05). Compared to control, 31 metabolites differed in SFC33 group, mostly up-regulated, including glycerophospholipids, linoleic/arachidonic acid metabolism, cholesterol pathway molecules, L-glutamine in multiple pathways, and mannose in fructose/mannose metabolism. Discussion In summary, feeding 33% steam-flaked corn-based starter can improve the growth performance, enhance immunity, and improve sugars, lipids, and proteins metabolism of pre-weaned Simmental calves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wanping Ren
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
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24
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Dayal U, Soni U, Bansal S, Aggarwal K, Chennupati C, Kanagala SG, Gupta V, Munjal RS, Jain R. MAFLD: Exploring the Systemic Effects Beyond Liver. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2025; 15:42-48. [PMID: 39867144 PMCID: PMC11759081 DOI: 10.55729/2000-9666.1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a growing global health concern which is driven by the increasing prevalence of diabetes and obesity. MAFLD is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver, which encompasses a range of conditions, from simple hepatic steatosis to more severe forms. This condition is associated with various complications, including chronic kidney disease (CKD), Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), liver cirrhosis, and even malignancy. Recent research has highlighted a potential connection between gut dysbiosis and MAFLD, particularly in relation to CKD. This has underscored the significance of the gut-liver-kidney axis in understanding MAFLD's pathogenesis. Inflammation triggered by MAFLD increases the risk of CVD through multiple mechanisms linked to metabolic dysfunction. These mechanisms include heightened oxidative stress, systemic and hepatic insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunction are major diagnostic criteria for MAFLD, often coexisting with other liver ailments. This prospective review emphasizes the intricate associations between MAFLD, cardiovascular complications, renal issues, and hepatic diseases. Understanding the underlying pathophysiological pathways is crucial in comprehending the increased risk of CKD, CVD, and other hepatic complications in individuals with MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Dayal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA
| | - Ujjwal Soni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Sourav Bansal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Amritsar,
India
| | - Kanishk Aggarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana,
India
| | | | - Sai G. Kanagala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Vasu Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH,
USA
| | | | - Rohit Jain
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA,
USA
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25
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Chen Z, Qu H, Sun J, Wang T, Yuan Y, Gu J, Bian J, Liu Z, Zou H. CPT1 deficiency blocks autophagic flux to promote lipid accumulation induced by co-exposure to polystyrene microplastic and cadmium. Front Pharmacol 2025; 15:1533188. [PMID: 39834803 PMCID: PMC11743451 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1533188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cadmium (Cd) and polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs), two ubiquitous environmental contaminants, produce unique synergistic toxicity when co-existing. Key unanswered questions include specific effects on liver function and potential mechanisms. Methods In this study, C57BL/6 mice and AML12 cells were used to establish in vivo and in vitro models to elucidate the effects of combined exposure to PS-MPs and Cd on the liver and their mechanisms. Results The results showed that the combined effects of PS-MPs and Cd caused significantly more liver damage than exposure alone. As observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the number of autophagosomes was significantly increased in the PS-MPs and Cd co-treated group. In addition, autophagic flux was assayed by RFP-GFP-LC3, a reporter system expressing dual fluorescent proteins, which showed an overwhelming enhancement of autophagic flux damage by co-exposure to PS-MPs and Cd compared to exposure alone. To further investigate the involvement of carnitine palmitoyltransferase1(CPT1) in liver injury induced by co-exposure to Cd and PS-MPs, we co-exposed Baicalin, an activator of CPT1, with PS-MPs and Cd, and showed that activation of CPT1 alleviated the impairment of autophagic fluxes induced by co-exposure of Cd and PS-MPs and further alleviated the changes in lipid accumulation and associated protein levels. Discussion In conclusion, the concurrent exposure of PS-MPs and Cd resulted in the blockage of hepatic lipid accumulation and autophagic pathway and further aggravated the toxic damage to the liver. Activation of CPT1 could alleviate the PS-MPs and Cd-induced lipid accumulation and autophagy pathway blockage thus reducing liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huayi Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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26
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Li C, Wang F, Mao Y, Ma Y, Guo Y. Multi-omics reveals the mechanism of Trimethylamine N-oxide derived from gut microbiota inducing liver fatty of dairy cows. BMC Genomics 2025; 26:10. [PMID: 39762777 PMCID: PMC11702196 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-11067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite produced by gut microbiota, and its potential impact on lipid metabolism in mammals has garnered widespread attention in the scientific community. Bovine fatty liver disease, a metabolic disorder that severely affects the health and productivity of dairy cows, poses a significant economic burden on the global dairy industry. However, the specific role and pathogenesis of TMAO in bovine fatty liver disease remain unclear, limiting our understanding and treatment of the condition. This study aims to construct a bovine fatty liver cell model using an integrated approach that combines transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data. The objective is to investigate the impact of TMAO on lipid metabolism at the molecular level and explore its potential regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS We established an in vitro bovine fatty liver cell model and conducted a comprehensive analysis of cells treated with TMAO using high-throughput omics sequencing technologies. Bioinformatics methods were employed to delve into the regulatory effects on lipid metabolism, and several key genes were validated through RT-qPCR. Treatment with TMAO significantly affected 4790 genes, 397 proteins, and 137 metabolites. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the significantly altered molecules were primarily involved in pathways related to the pathology of fatty liver disease, such as metabolic pathways, insulin resistance, hepatitis B, and the AMPK signaling pathway. Moreover, through joint analysis, we further uncovered that the interaction between TMAO-mediated AMPK signaling and oxidative phosphorylation pathways might be a key mechanism promoting lipid accumulation in the liver. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new insights into the role of TMAO in the pathogenesis of bovine fatty liver disease and offers a scientific basis for developing more effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yongxia Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yanfen Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yansheng Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
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27
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Singh LK, Pandey R, Siddiqi NJ, Sharma B. Molecular Mechanisms of Phthalate-Induced Hepatic Injury and Amelioration by Plant-Based Principles. TOXICS 2025; 13:32. [PMID: 39853030 PMCID: PMC11768991 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2024] [Revised: 12/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2025]
Abstract
Phthalates are the emerging environmental toxicants derived from phthalic acid and its constituents, which are moderately present in plastics and many personal care products. Phthalate exposure occurs through various environmental factors, including air, water, and soil, with absorption facilitated via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Upon exposure, phthalates become bioavailable within the biological systems and undergo biotransformation and detoxification processes in the liver. The physicochemical properties of phthalates indicate their lipophilicity, environmental persistence, and bioaccumulation potential, influencing their absorption, distribution, and hepatic biotransformation. The prolonged exposure to phthalates adversely influences the biological redox system by altering the levels of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, molecular signaling pathways, and causing hepatic pathogenesis. The strategies to combat phthalate-induced toxicity include avoiding exposure to these compounds and using plant-based bioactive molecules such as polyphenols, which possess therapeutic potential as antioxidants, suppress inflammatory cascades, prevent oxidative damage, and stabilize cellular integrity. This review presents a comprehensive and updated account of the chemical, biochemical, immunological, and toxicological properties of phthalates, along with novel plant-based therapeutic strategies to mitigate the phthalate-induced adverse effects on living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Rashmi Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Haridwar 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nikhat Jamal Siddiqi
- Department of Internal Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India;
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28
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Komza M, Chipuk JE. Mitochondrial metabolism: A moving target in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. J Cell Physiol 2025; 240:e31441. [PMID: 39324415 PMCID: PMC11732733 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are pivotal contributors to cancer mechanisms due to their homeostatic and pathological roles in cellular bioenergetics, biosynthesis, metabolism, signaling, and survival. During transformation and tumor initiation, mitochondrial function is often disrupted by oncogenic mutations, leading to a metabolic profile distinct from precursor cells. In this review, we focus on hepatocellular carcinoma, a cancer arising from metabolically robust and nutrient rich hepatocytes, and discuss the mechanistic impact of altered metabolism in this setting. We provide distinctions between normal mitochondrial activity versus disease-related function which yielded therapeutic opportunities, along with highlighting recent preclinical and clinical efforts focused on targeting mitochondrial metabolism. Finally, several novel strategies for exploiting mitochondrial programs to eliminate hepatocellular carcinoma cells in metabolism-specific contexts are presented to integrate these concepts and gain foresight into the future of mitochondria-focused therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Komza
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jerry Edward Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, New York, New York, USA
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29
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An H, Jang Y, Choi J, Hur J, Kim S, Kwon Y. New Insights into AMPK, as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Hepatic Fibrosis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2025; 33:18-38. [PMID: 39702310 PMCID: PMC11704404 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2024.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2024] [Revised: 12/08/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators have garnered significant attention for their potential to prevent the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) into liver fibrosis and to fundamentally improve liver function. The broad spectrum of pathways regulated by AMPK activators makes them promising alternatives to conventional liver replacement therapies and the limited pharmacological treatments currently available. In this study, we aim to illustrate the newly detailed multiple mechanisms of MASLD progression based on the multiple-hit hypothesis. This model posits that impaired lipid metabolism, combined with insulin resistance and metabolic imbalance, initiates inflammatory cascades, gut dysbiosis, and the accumulation of toxic metabolites, ultimately promoting fibrosis and accelerating MASLD progression to irreversible hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AMPK plays a multifaceted protective role against these pathological conditions by regulating several key downstream signaling pathways. It regulates biological effectors critical to metabolic and inflammatory responses, such as SIRT1, Nrf2, mTOR, and TGF-β, through complex and interrelated mechanisms. Due to these intricate connections, AMPK's role is pivotal in managing metabolic and inflammatory disorders. In this review, we demonstrate the specific roles of AMPK and its related pathways. Several agents directly activate AMPK by binding as agonists, while some others indirectly activate AMPK by modulating upstream molecules, including adiponectin, LKB1, and the AMP: ATP ratio. As AMPK activators can target each stage of MASLD progression, the development of AMPK activators offers immense potential to expand therapeutic strategies for liver diseases such as MASH, MASLD, and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeun An
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerin Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungin Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Hur
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojeong Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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30
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Mochizuki K, Higa M, Ikehara K, Ichijo T, Hirose T. High levels of serum dihomo-γ-linolenic acid are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetol Int 2025; 16:107-114. [PMID: 39877445 PMCID: PMC11769884 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-024-00760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Abstract
An elevated level of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) can cause non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). While n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were shown to improve NAFLD, the effects of n-6 PUFAs in the liver have not been fully elucidated. We examined the association between NAFLD and n-6 PUFAs, particularly dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), in patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 60 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the study. Patients were categorized into the NAFLD group (n = 35) and non-NAFLD group (n = 25) based on the presence of fatty liver as determined by abdominal ultrasound. We demonstrated that the levels of serum SFAs, specifically palmitic acid and stearic acid, and the levels of n-6 PUFAs, specifically DGLA, and arachidonic acid (AA), were significantly higher in the NAFLD group. The serum palmitic acid, stearic acid, DGLA and AA levels were positively correlated with liver enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). We further demonstrated by multivariate analysis that serum DGLA was a predictor of NAFLD. The serum DGLA level was negatively correlated with blood adiponectin and was positively correlated with blood leptin, high-sensitivity CRP, C-peptide index, and triglyceride-glucose index. Furthermore, delta-5-desaturase (D5D), the AA (product)/DGLA (precursor) ratio calculated from the product-to-precursor ratio of fatty acids, was significantly lower in the NAFLD group. These findings suggest that high serum DGLA levels in NAFLD group may be due to an excessive intake of n-6 PUFAs and changes in desaturase in the human body. High serum DGLA levels may also be associated with insulin resistance and inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Mochizuki
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Higa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ikehara
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ichijo
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hirose
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Kendall S, Holdorf H, Pralle R, White H. Temporal patterns of liver and adipose lipase abundance across the periparturient period in multiparous Holstein dairy cows. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2025; 6:143-148. [PMID: 39877176 PMCID: PMC11770316 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2024-0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2025]
Abstract
Lipases such as patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) exist in multiple tissue types. In subcutaneous adipose tissue, PNPLA3 was not altered during the periparturient period. Conversely, strong associations between liver PNPLA3 and liver triglyceride content peripartum were identified and confirmed to be causative using knockdown approaches in a primary bovine hepatocyte model. The objective of this research was to characterize adipose and hepatic lipase abundance, as well as abundance of hepatic transcription factors (TF) involved in adipose and liver tissue lipolysis to determine potential impact on bovine fatty liver development and recovery. Adipose and liver tissue biopsy samples were collected from -28 to +56 d relative to calving (DRTC) from multiparous Holstein dairy cows randomly assigned to either a control (CTL) or ketosis induction protocol (KIP) diet. Clinical ketosis (blood BHB ≥ 3.0 mM) was used as a cowside indicator of successful induction and was achieved in CTL (n = 2) and KIP (n = 12) cows. Both adipose and liver abhydrolase domain-containing protein 5 and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) differed across DRTC, as did liver perilipin 1. Hepatic mature and immature carbohydrate response element binding protein, and sterol regulatory binding protein 1c, varied or tended to vary across DRTC × treatment. Neither adipose nor liver hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) were responsive to treatment or varied across DRTC, but adipose HSL was positively associated with nonesterified fatty acids at +1 DRTC. Adipose and liver ATGL was associated with liver triglycerides across all DRTC. Patterns of adipose HSL and ATGL abundance did not explain the increase in nonesterified fatty acids observed at +1 DRTC in this study. Future investigation of lipase abundance in other adipose tissue depots is still needed to better explain regulation during this time. Bovine fatty liver development and recovery appears to be contingent upon liver PNPLA3 abundance, rather than liver ATGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.J. Kendall
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - H.T. Holdorf
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - R.S. Pralle
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- School of Agriculture, University of Wisconsin–Platteville, Platteville, WI 53818
| | - H.M. White
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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Yousfan A, Moursel N, Hanano A. Encapsulation of paclitaxel into date palm lipid droplets for enhanced brain cancer therapy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:32057. [PMID: 39738802 PMCID: PMC11685383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-83715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel, a powerful anticancer drug, is limited by its poor water solubility and systemic toxicity, which hinder its effectiveness against aggressive brain tumors. This study aims to overcome these challenges by exploring novel intranasal delivery methods using lipid droplets (LDs) derived from date palm seeds (DPLDs) and mouse liver (MLLDs). The anticancer efficacy of PTX was evaluated using a comparative intranasal delivery approach. The lipid droplets were fractionated, and their physicochemical and biochemical properties were assessed. Our results showed that both DPLDs and MLLDs were spherical, with average diameters of 257 ± 36 nm and 416 ± 83 nm, respectively, and contained oil-rich cores of 392.5 and 612.4 mg mL-1. The MLLDs displayed a distinct lipid profile with low triglyceride content and high monoglyceride and diglyceride content. Conversely, the DPLDs primarily consisted of triglycerides, with stable granularity at around 83% and 79% for MLLDs and DPLDs, respectively. Both lipid droplets showed high encapsulation efficiencies, reaching 48.6 ± 3.2% and 45.4 ± 2.4% for MLLDs and DPLDs, respectively, after 4 h of incubation. The bio-distribution kinetics of paclitaxel post-intranasal administration demonstrated lower plasma paclitaxel levels in formulations compared to free paclitaxel. Notably, the accumulation of paclitaxel in the brain was significantly higher for paclitaxel-DPLD at early time points, with 1.527 ± 0.1% ID g-1 and 2.4 ± 0.16% ID g-1 at 5 and 30 min, respectively, compared to paclitaxel-MLLD and free paclitaxel. In Conclusion, the study highlights the potential of intranasal DPLD and MLLD formulations for enhanced brain targeting in brain tumor therapy, offering improved paclitaxel delivery and overcoming solubility and toxicity challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Yousfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacy College, Al Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartus, Syria
| | - Nour Moursel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria
| | - Abdulsamie Hanano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria.
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Xu F, Albadry M, Döding A, Chen X, Dirsch O, Schulze-Späte U, Dahmen U. The effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on MASLD: a Mendelian randomization analysis and in vivo experiment. Eur J Nutr 2024; 64:52. [PMID: 39718605 PMCID: PMC11668845 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive intake of fatty acids is a key factor contributing to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, the effects of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) on the development of MASLD are uncertain. Therefore, we conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization studies and animal experiments to explore the effects of SFA, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the risk of developing MASLD. METHODS The genetic summary data of exposures and outcome were retrieved from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and used for five Mendelian randomization methods. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the robustness of the results. Mice were subjected to different diets followed by assessment of severity of steatosis based on a histological score and determination of hepatic triglyceride levels to investigate the relationships between SFA, MUFA, PUFA and MASLD. RESULTS The Mendelian randomization results showed that MUFA (odds ratio: 1.441, 95% confidence interval: 1.078-1.927, P = 0.014) was causally associated with the incidence of MASLD. SFA and PUFA were not causally associated with the incidence of MASLD. Sensitivity analysis did not identify any significant bias in the results. The animal experiment results showed that a MUFA-enriched diet significantly contributed to the development of hepatic steatosis (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION SFA and PUFA did not have a significant causal effect on MASLD, but MUFA intake is a risk factor for MASLD. A MUFA-enriched diet increased the incidence of macrovesicular steatosis and the hepatic triglyceride levels. Therefore, replacing MUFA intake with a moderate intake of PUFA might help reduce the risk of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Xu
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Else Kröner Graduate School for Medical Students "JSAM", Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Mohamed Albadry
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom , 6131567, Egypt
| | - Annika Döding
- Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, Jena University Hospital, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Xinpei Chen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Institute for Pathology, BG Klinikum Berlin, 12683, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schulze-Späte
- Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, Jena University Hospital, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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Nadarajan V, Panton J, Vingan N, Walmsley C, Barillas J, Lazzarini A, Culver A, Kenkel J, Akgul Y. Histopathological Analysis of Abdominal Skin and Fat After In Vivo Hyperthermia-Induced Lipolysis With a 1064 nm Diode Laser, Radiofrequency, and Electromagnetic Field: A Pilot Study. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum 2024; 7:ojae127. [PMID: 39959417 PMCID: PMC11826928 DOI: 10.1093/asjof/ojae127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperthermic laser lipolysis safely reduces unwanted fat through controlled thermal injury of adipocytes. Objectives To assess the effects of 1064 nm laser, single vs multiple treatments, with and without radiofrequency (RF) and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) energy on abdominal tissue. Methods Nine volunteers scheduled for elective abdominoplasty were divided into 1 of 3 arms: (1) laser alone, (2) laser with and without RF and PEMF, and (3) multiple vs single laser treatments. Untreated (control) and treated tissues were collected at various time points following treatment. Paraffin sections from surgically excised pannus were evaluated with Masson's trichrome, apoptosis (TUNEL), Collagen 1, Collagen 3, Elastin, and CD68 macrophage markers. Results All study arms showed subdermal adipose tissue lysis without compromising epidermal or dermal integrity. Apoptotic adipocytes and macrophage infiltration were present in areas of structural damage. Adjuvant RF and PEMF showed increased macrophage infiltration after 14 days. Multiple 1064 nm treatments induced apoptosis in subcutaneous adipocytes. There were no significant changes in dermal Collagen 1, Collagen 3, and elastin abundance. Conclusions The 1064 nm diode laser can destroy adipocytes without harming overlying epidermis. RF enhances lipolytic effects of the laser with increased inflammation and tissue remodeling, whereas PEMF therapy uses electromagnetic fields to stimulate cell function and tissue repair. These findings suggest the 1064 nm diode laser can achieve intended effects. Level of Evidence 3 Therapeutic
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yucel Akgul
- Corresponding Author: Dr Yucel Akgul, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. E-mail:
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Nuntasri S, Charuvanij S, Lomjansook K, Saengpanit P, Chotipanang K, Sukharomana M. Dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: is it time to screen? Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:406. [PMID: 39696576 PMCID: PMC11654144 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome are recognized risk factors for premature atherosclerosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome, and to explore the relationships between lipid profiles, anthropometry, and disease status in cSLE. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at a university-based tertiary referral center from April 2023-March 2024. Patients aged 10-19 years with cSLE diagnosed before 18 years and at least 1 year follow-up were enrolled, excluding those with other autoimmune disorders, chronic kidney disease, infections, receiving lipid lowering drugs prior, and pregnancy. Demographic data, metabolic laboratory tests, disease status, dietary intake, anthropometry, and body composition via bioelectric impedance analysis were evaluated. The prevalence of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome were documented. Variables were compared between patients with and without dyslipidemia. Correlations between lipid profiles, metabolic laboratory variables, and SLE disease-related variables were explored. RESULTS A total of 132 cSLE patients (94.7% female, mean age 11.6 ± 2.6 years) were included. Dyslipidemia was present in 48.5%, hypertriglyceridemia being the most common (28.8%); metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia were present in 3.8% and 20.5%, respectively. Patients with dyslipidemia were significantly younger at cSLE diagnosis, had higher percentage of hypertension and active features of organ involvement, lower percentage of Lupus Low Disease Activity State, more use of mycophenolate mofetil and antihypertensive medications, higher uric acid level, higher waist circumference, body mass index, body mass index z-score, and fat mass (P < 0.05). Triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol correlated positively with urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (r = 0.472, 0.469, and 0.591, respectively; P < 0.001) and negatively with serum albumin (r = -0.372, -0.506, and - 0.528, respectively; P < 0.001). Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol correlated positively with cumulative prednisolone equivalent dose (rho = 0.350 and rho = 0.351, respectively, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of cSLE patients had dyslipidemia, especially those with younger age at diagnosis, higher body mass index, proteinuria, and suboptimal-controlled disease. Metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia were present. Lipid profile assessment in early adolescents is recommended to identify metabolic comorbidities in cSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirin Nuntasri
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Charuvanij
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Kraisoon Lomjansook
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Puthita Saengpanit
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kwanjai Chotipanang
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maynart Sukharomana
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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Shen Y, Qiu A, Huang X, Wen X, Shehzadi S, He Y, Hu Q, Zhang J, Luo D, Yang S. AKR1B10 and digestive tumors development: a review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1462174. [PMID: 39737179 PMCID: PMC11682995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1462174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) is a member of the AKR1B subfamily. It is mainly found in cytoplasm, and it is typically expressed in the stomach and intestines. Given that its expression is low or absent in other tissues, AKR1B10 is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for various digestive system diseases. Here, we review recent research progress on AKR1B10 in digestive system tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, over the last 5 years. We also discuss the current trends and future research directions for AKR1B10 in both oncological and non-oncological diseases to provide a scientific reference for further exploration of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Shen
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ailin Qiu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, the Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaosha Wen
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, the Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sundar Shehzadi
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, the Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dixian Luo
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, the Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenghui Yang
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wang Y, Ruan YQ, He LJ, Song MK, Olatunji OJ, Wang X, Zuo J. PPARγ Functional Deficiency Expedited Fatty Acid Utilization in the Liver: A Foundation of Inflammatory Adipokine-Induced Hypolipemia in Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:3969-3983. [PMID: 39698269 PMCID: PMC11650746 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 11/09/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
Triglyceride (TG) and its derivatives tend to be decreased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients' blood when inflammation progresses. Aside from the role as a lipid buffer, white adipose tissue (WAT) contributes to this abnormality via adipokines, which regulate many metabolic signals. This work investigated adipokine-caused hepatic changes and their involvement in RA-related hypolipemia. Given their immune similarities with RA and pathological representativeness, adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats and antigen-induced arthritis (AA) mice were adopted. Adipokine levels in the liver were quantified, and their hepatic conditions were assessed by oxidative/enzymatic indicators. Besides kit-based metabolite quantification, fatty acid levels in blood were accurately determined by GC-MS. Metabolic differences between healthy and AIA rats were further characterized by UPLC-MS2. In vitro, preadipocytes were stimulated by RA/AIA blood serum or together with rosiglitazone, a PPARγ agonist. The medium was used to culture HepG2 cells. Some AIA rats were subjected to adipectomy or rosiglitazone therapies. Being WAT-released mediators, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, adiponectin, and visfatin were apparently increased in AIA/AA rodent models' liver, causing oxidative stress escalation, liver injuries, and fatty acid oxidation acceleration. This metabolic change was coincided to expression increase of CD36, FABP1, ATGL, and CPT-1A. PPARγ deficiency occurred both in vivo and in vitro under rheumatic conditions. RA serum reduced PPARγ expression and impaired its inhibition on NF-κB transcription activity in preadipocytes, which then led to excessive secretion of inflammatory adipokines. The corresponding medium down-regulated PPARγ and promoted expression of lipid catabolic enzymes in HepG2 cells. These effects were abrogated by rosiglitazone. Both the therapies impeded inflammatory secretion of WAT and fat catabolism of the liver. These data demonstrate that RA potentiates the capacity of WAT to secrete inflammatory adipokines. The resulting condition represses PPARγ expression and disrupts TG anabolism/catabolism balance in the liver. Because hepatocytes utilize more lipids but synthesize less, hypolipemia develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department
of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
- Xin’an
Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yu-Qing Ruan
- Department
of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
- Xin’an
Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Lian-Jun He
- Precision
Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Meng-Ke Song
- Department
of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
- Xin’an
Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu 241000, China
| | | | - Xiu Wang
- Research
Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- Department
of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
- Xin’an
Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Province
Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation, Wuhu 241000, China
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Liu Y, Lu K, Zhang R, Hu D, Yang Z, Zeng J, Cai W. Advancements in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis: From Conventional Therapies to Cutting-Edge Innovations. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:3804-3826. [PMID: 39698263 PMCID: PMC11651175 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Revised: 11/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, driven by a complex interplay of lipid dysregulation, inflammation, and vascular pathology. Despite advancements in understanding the multifactorial nature of atherosclerosis and improvements in clinical management, existing therapies often fall short in reversing the disease, focusing instead on symptom alleviation and risk reduction. This review highlights recent strides in identifying genetic markers, elucidating inflammatory pathways, and understanding environmental contributors to atherosclerosis. It also evaluates the efficacy and limitations of current pharmacological treatments, revascularization techniques, and the impact of these interventions on patient outcomes. Furthermore, we explore innovative therapeutic strategies, including the promising fields of nanomedicine, nucleic acid-based therapies, and immunomodulation, which offer potential for targeted and effective treatment modalities. However, integrating these advances into clinical practice is challenged by regulatory, economic, and logistical barriers. This review synthesizes the latest research and clinical advancements to provide a comprehensive roadmap for future therapeutic strategies and emphasize the critical need for innovative approaches to fundamentally change the course of atherosclerosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- The
Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
- Center
for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of
Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary
Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological
Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kuan Lu
- The
Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Ruru Zhang
- Center
for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of
Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary
Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological
Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Dongliang Hu
- The
Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
- Center
for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of
Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary
Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological
Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- The
Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jianfeng Zeng
- Center
for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of
Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary
Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological
Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wu Cai
- The
Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
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Krogh J. The homeo-FIT-prolactin hypothesis: the role of prolactin in metabolic homeostasis - association or causality? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:1077-1086. [PMID: 39388004 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
The homeo-fit-prolactin hypothesis proposes a causal metabolic role for prolactin with hypoprolactinemia and hyperprolactinemia leading to adverse metabolic alterations. However, prolactin within the normal range and up to four times the upper reference limit may be a consequence of metabolic adaption and have a positive metabolic role similar to increased insulin in pre-diabetes. As a consequence, drugs that would increase prolactin levels within this threshold may hold promising effects, particularly for patients with type 2 diabetes. A documented positive metabolic effect of prolactin just above the normal threshold would not just be of benefit to patients with diabetes but assist in the decision to treat mild hyperprolactinemia in other patient groups as well, e.g. drug-induced hyperprolactinemia or idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. Prolactin receptors are present in the pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue, and pre-clinical studies suggest a positive and causal effect of prolactin on the gluco-insulinemic profile and lipid metabolism. This narrative review examines the evidence for the homeo-fit-prolactin hypothesis with a particular focus on results from human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Krogh
- Clinic for Pituitary Disorders, Department of Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.
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40
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Amer J, Salhab A, Hussini E, Shweiki R, Zahran I, Far M. Osteopontin neutralization increases vitamin D receptors on NKT cells and ameliorates liver fibrosis by promoting their activity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1484278. [PMID: 39654627 PMCID: PMC11625552 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1484278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aims Vitamin D has an immunomodulatory property influencing the activity of NKT cells. We aimed to study the impact of osteopontin (OPN), a key driver of fibrosis, on NKT cells' vitamin D receptor (VDR) and activity alterations. Methods Liver fibrosis was induced in BALB/C mice with carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4) for 8 weeks with either vitamin D [100 ng/kg] or InVivoMAb anti-mouse OPN [100 μg/kg] 2X/week started at week-4 of CCl4. The liver injury profile of serum ALT, AST, and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. Histopathological findings were assessed via H&E staining and Sirius-Red staining. Fibrotic genes of αSMA, CREBP, and collagen III were assessed using RT-PCR. Fast blood sugar, insulin, liver cholesterol, and triglyceride were evaluated. Liver tissue-resident (tr)-NKT cells were obtained for VDR expressions, molecular pathways of p-STAT1 and P-STAT-5, and activation markers of CD107a and NKp46 using flow cytometry. Results Following vitamin D treatment, H&E staining revealed reduced microvascular and macrovascular steatosis, while Sirius-Red staining showed less fibrosis accumulation in liver fibrosis mice than in untreated counterparts. Results were associated with a significant decrease in serum cytokines of IL-β/IL-6/IL-4/OPN/TNF-α and serum AST and ALT by 2-fold and 3-fold, respectively. Fibrotic markers showed an average 1.3-fold decrease in αSMA, CREB, and Col-III in liver fibrosis mice following vitamin D treatment. Quantitated liver cholesterol and triglycerides, serum insulin, and fasting blood sugar ameliorated their levels following vitamin D treatment in liver fibrosis mice. OPN-neutralizing antibody over-expressed VDR on trNKT cells and increased CD107a and NKp46 activities of 3.1 and 3.5 folds, respectively, associated with increasing in p-STAT1 and p-STAT5 phosphorylation. These results were accompanied with a decrease in hepatic-stellate-cell activation markers of αSMA, Col-III, and desmin. Conclusion VDR expressions affect trNKT cells activity and could modulate progressions of liver fibrosis. Using an OPN-neutralizing antibody exhibited an antifibrotic effect by alleviating the liver injury profile through NKT cells. It is also suggested as an immunomodulatory target of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Amer
- Department of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Division of anatomy, Biochemistry and Genetics, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ahmad Salhab
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Enas Hussini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Rasha Shweiki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Iman Zahran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Far
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Zhang Y, Miao X, Liu F, Shi H, Chen D, Chen Y, Ma Y, Shi H. ASPP2 deficiency attenuates lipid accumulation through the PPARγ pathway in alcoholic liver injury. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:102. [PMID: 39576443 PMCID: PMC11584427 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
The initial stage of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is hepatic steatosis. Recent studies have highlighted a possible role for Apoptosis-stimulating protein 2 of p53 (ASPP2) in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD). However, whether ASPP2 regulates alcohol-induced lipid accumulation and its mechanisms remain unclear. To explore that, we establish an alcoholic liver injury model in vivo and in vitro. The clinical specimens were collected from liver tissues of patients with alcoholic liver disease. Lipid metabolism was detected by HE staining, oil red O staining and qPCR; and ASPP2-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling pathways were detected by western blot and immunohistochemical staining. We found that both ASPP2 and PPARγ expression increased in patients and mouse models with ALD. We also discovered the reduction of ASPP2 significantly inhibited the expression of PPARγ and alleviated alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and liver injury in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, the PPARγ agonist reversed the protective effect of ASPP2 downregulation on hepatic steatosis and liver injury, while the opposite results were observed using PPARγ inhibitor. In conclusion, ASPP2 exacerbates ethanol-induced lipid accumulation and hepatic injury by upregulating the PPARγ signaling pathway, thus promoting the occurrence and development of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingzhong Miao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Honglin Shi
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dexi Chen
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingmin Ma
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongbo Shi
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Damodharan K, Palaniyandi SA, Yang SH, Balaji S. Cholesterol-Lowering Activity of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus KS6I1 in High-Cholesterol Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemic Mice. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 35:e2404029. [PMID: 39809508 PMCID: PMC11813357 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2409.04029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 11/05/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor of coronary heart disease and cholesterol-lowering probiotics are seen as alternative to drugs for the management of this condition. In the present study, we evaluated the cholesterol-lowering activity of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus KS6I1 in high-cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemic mice. The mice were fed with high-cholesterol diet (HCD) and were divided into three groups: HCD group, KS6I1 group (fed with HCD + 200 μl of 1010 CFU/ml L. pentosus KS6I1), and L.ac group (fed with HCD + 200 μl of 1010 CFU/ml L. acidophilus ATCC 43121 as the positive control). Simultaneously, a normal control diet (NCD) group was maintained. After 6 weeks, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and total cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in the blood plasma of KS6I1 group mice. Analysis of liver tissue showed a decrease in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and increase in triglyceride levels in KS6I1 compared to those in HCD group. Fecal total cholesterol and total bile acid content was significantly increased in the KS6I1 group than in other groups. Additionally, gene expression analysis showed that LDLR, SREBF2, CYP7A1 genes were significantly upregulated in KS6I1 group compared to the HCD group, while the expression of NPC1L1 gene was significantly reduced in KS6I1 group compared to HCD group. These observations show that the cholesterol-lowering effect of L. pentosus KS6I1 could be attributed to increased excretion of bile acids and cholesterol in the feces of mice. These results indicate that L. pentosus KS6I1 could be developed into a potential probiotic for hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthiyaini Damodharan
- Department of Biotechnology, V.V.Vanniaperumal College for Women, Virudhunagar-626001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sasikumar Arunachalam Palaniyandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Mepco Nagar, Mepco Engineering College Post-626005, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 59626, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seetharaman Balaji
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal- 576104, Karnataka, India
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Fan W, Li Z, He X, Wang X, Sun M, Yang Z. SLC25A1 regulates placental development to ensure embryonic heart morphogenesis. Development 2024; 151:dev204290. [PMID: 39591637 DOI: 10.1242/dev.204290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024]
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the most common chromosomal microdeletion syndrome. Congenital heart defects are prevalent in 22q11.2DS but the etiology is still poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to gain mechanistic insights into the heart defects that result from 22q11.2 deletion, with a focus on Slc25a1, which is located in the deletion segment. Whereas global knockout of Slc25a1 in mice produced a variety of heart malformations, cardiac deletion of Slc25a1 had little effect on heart development. We then found that trophoblast-specific Slc25a1 deletion recapitulated heart anomalies in the global knockout mice. Further study identified SLC25A1 as a regulator of trophoblast and placental development through modulation of histone H3K27 acetylation at the promoters and enhancers of key genes involved in trophoblast differentiation. Finally, administration of recombinant human pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1 (PSG1), a trophoblast-derived secretory glycoprotein, partially corrected placental and embryonic heart defects. This study defines the role of SLC25A1 in heart development by regulating placental development, and provides new insights to understand the etiology of 22q11.2DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xueke He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Suqian Scientific Research Institute of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
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de Freitas AC, Reolon HG, Abduch NG, Baldi F, Silva RMO, Lourenco D, Fragomeni BO, Paz CCP, Stafuzza NB. Proteomic identification of potential biomarkers for heat tolerance in Caracu beef cattle using high and low thermotolerant groups. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:1079. [PMID: 39538142 PMCID: PMC11562314 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-11021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stress has deleterious effects on physiological and performance traits in livestock. Within this context, using tropically adapted cattle breeds in pure herds or terminal crossbreeding schemes to explore heterosis is attractive for increasing animal production in warmer climate regions. This study aimed to identify biological processes, pathways, and potential biomarkers related to thermotolerance in Caracu, a tropically adapted beef cattle breed, by proteomic analysis of blood plasma. To achieve this goal, 61 bulls had their thermotolerance evaluated through a heat tolerance index. A subset of 14 extreme animals, including the seven most thermotolerant (HIGH group) and the seven least thermotolerant (LOW group), had their blood plasma samples used for proteomic analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The differentially regulated proteins detected between HIGH and LOW groups were used to perform functional enrichment analysis and a protein-protein interaction network analysis. RESULTS A total of 217 proteins were detected only in the HIGH thermotolerant group and 51 only in the LOW thermotolerant group. In addition, 81 and 87 proteins had significantly higher and lower abundancies in the HIGH group, respectively. Regarding proteins with the highest absolute log-fold change values, we highlighted those encoded by DUSP5, IGFALS, ROCK2, RTN4, IRAG1, and NNT genes based on their functions. The functional enrichment analysis detected several biological processes, molecular functions, and pathways related to cellular responses to stress, immune system, complement system, and hemostasis in both HIGH and LOW groups, in addition to terms and pathways related to lipids and calcium only in the HIGH group. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network revealed as important nodes many proteins with roles in response to stress, hemostasis, immune system, inflammation, and homeostasis. Additionally, proteins with high absolute log-fold change values and proteins detected as essential nodes by PPI analysis highlighted herein are potential biomarkers for thermotolerance, such as ADRA1A, APOA1, APOB, APOC3, C4BPA, CAT, CFB, CFH, CLU, CXADR, DNAJB1, DNAJC13, DUSP5, FGA, FGB, FGG, HBA, HBB, HP, HSPD1, IGFALS, IRAG1, KNG1, NNT, OSGIN1, PROC, PROS1, ROCK2, RTN4, RYR1, TGFB2, VLDLR, VTN, and VWF. CONCLUSIONS Identifying potential biomarkers, molecular mechanisms and pathways that act in response to heat stress in tropically adapted beef cattle contributes to developing strategies to improve performance and welfare traits in livestock under tropical climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia de Freitas
- Beef Cattle Research Center, Animal Science Institute, Sertãozinho, SP, 14160-900, Brazil
- Agricultural Research Agency of the State of Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Patos de Minas, MG, 38709-899, Brazil
| | - Henrique G Reolon
- Beef Cattle Research Center, Animal Science Institute, Sertãozinho, SP, 14160-900, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Natalya G Abduch
- Beef Cattle Research Center, Animal Science Institute, Sertãozinho, SP, 14160-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Baldi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | | | - Claudia C P Paz
- Sustainable Livestock Research Center, Animal Science Institute, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15130-000, Brazil
| | - Nedenia B Stafuzza
- Beef Cattle Research Center, Animal Science Institute, Sertãozinho, SP, 14160-900, Brazil.
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Lei S, Peng W, Wu L, Yu L, Wang M, Li Q, Deng Y, Zhao S, Huang P, Chen B. Chaihu Shugan powder restores fatty acid synthesis to alleviate insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome by regulating the LXRα/SREBP-1 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1442279. [PMID: 39564113 PMCID: PMC11573559 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1442279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, primarily driven by insulin resistance (IR). Although the herbal compound Chaihu Shugan powder (CSP) has demonstrated the potential to improve IR in animal models of MS, its mechanism of action remains incompletely understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the biological pathways through which CSP exerts its therapeutic effects on IR in MS using both in vitro and in vivo methods. Methods The primary metabolites of CSP aqueous extract and CSP-containing serum were measured by LC-MS/MS. A mouse model of MS-related IR was induced by a high-fat, high-fructose diet combined with chronic immobilization stress. The CSP's therapeutic potential was evaluated through glucose and insulin tolerance tests and hepatic insulin signaling molecules (p-IRS-1, IRS-1, p-Akt, and Akt). The expression of lipid metabolism-related factors (FFA, DAG, LXRα, SREBP-1, FASN, and ACC) in the liver was also measured. Hepatocyte IR was modeled using high-glucose and high-insulin conditions, and CSP impact was evaluated using 2-NBDG uptake and insulin signaling molecule expression. The specific mechanism of CSP was explored using the LXRα agonist T0901317. Results The MS-related IR model exhibited a decreased p-Akt/Akt ratio and increased fasting glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of IR, and hepatic lipid metabolism factors. Treatment with CSP mitigated these effects. In the hepatocyte IR model, CSP-containing serum improved glucose uptake and modulated the expression of insulin signaling and lipid metabolism factors. Furthermore, T0901317 reversed the beneficial effects of CSP, indicating the role of LXRα in CSP's therapeutic action. Conclusion The CSP ameliorated IR in MS by restoring fatty acid metabolism through the regulation of the LXRα/SREBP-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Lei
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Weihang Peng
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meida Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmin Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiying Huang
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bojun Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Ezz-Eldin YM, Ewees MG, Azouz AA, Khalaf MM. Investigating the tamoxifen/high-fat diet synergy: a promising paradigm for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induction in a rat model. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:9067-9079. [PMID: 38884676 PMCID: PMC11522070 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe liver condition characterized by excessive fat deposition, ballooning, and lobular inflammation. This investigation was conducted to estimate the capability of concomitant tamoxifen administration (TAM) with a high fat diet (HFD) to induce a reliable NASH model that mimics human NASH features. Rats were administered TAM (25 mg/kg/day p.o.) and consumed HFD for 5 weeks. A time-course investigation was conducted to determine the optimal time for NASH development. Liver function indices, hepatic lipid profile factors, oxidative stress biomarkers, and inflammatory mediators were estimated. Additionally, macroscopic and microscopic changes were examined. Compared with the time-matched control group receiving vehicle alone, TAM/HFD significantly impaired liver function indices represented as marked elevation in ALT, AST, and ALP serum levels. TAM/HFD significantly increased lipid profile factors including high TG and TC hepatic levels. Additionally, TAM/HFD remarkably raised hepatic levels of TNF-α and IL-17 and significantly decreased IL-10. The combination also increases the oxidative status evidenced by high content of MDA as well as low activity of GPx and SOD. Accordingly, the combination of TAM and HFD for 5 weeks collaboratively promotes NASH development by initiating compromised hepatocyte functionality, elevated lipid levels, oxidative stress, and liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra M Ezz-Eldin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed G Ewees
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Amany A Azouz
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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Tian Y, He Y, Xiong H, Sun Y. Rice Protein Peptides Alleviate Alcoholic Liver Disease via the PPARγ Signaling Pathway: Through Liver Metabolomics and Gut Microbiota Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:23790-23803. [PMID: 39406388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the predominant type of liver disease worldwide, resulting in significant mortality and a high disease burden. ALD damages multiple organs, including the liver, gut, and brain, causing inflammation, oxidative stress, and fat deposition. In this study, we investigated the effects of rice protein peptides (RPP) on ALD in mice with a primary focus on the gut microbiota and liver metabolites. The results showed that administration of RPP significantly alleviated the symptoms of ALD in mice including adiposity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The KEGG pathway shows that RPP downregulates the liver metabolite of capric acid and the metabolism of fatty acid biosynthesis compared with the MOD group. Mechanistically, RPP downregulated the PPARγ signaling pathway and suppressed the expression of fatty acid biosynthesis genes (FASN, ACC1, ACSL1, and ACSL3). Furthermore, two active peptides (YLPTKQ and PKLPR) with potential therapeutic functions for ALD were screened by Caco-2 cell modeling and molecular docking techniques. In addition, RPP treatment alleviates gut microbiota dysbiosis by reversing the F/B ratio, increasing the relative abundance of Alloprevotella and Alistipes, and upregulating the level of short-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, RPP alleviates ALD steatosis through the PPARγ signaling pathway by YLPTKQ and PKLPR and regulates gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yangzheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Hua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Jiangxi Medicine Academy of Nutrition and Health Management, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330052, China
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Sedghi M, Javanmard F, Amoozmehr A, Zamany S, Mohammadi I, Kim W, Choppa VSR. Lysophospholipid Supplementation in Broiler Breeders' Diet Benefits Offspring's Productive Performance, Blood Parameters, and Hepatic β-Oxidation Genes. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:3066. [PMID: 39518789 PMCID: PMC11545463 DOI: 10.3390/ani14213066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether supplementation of modified lysophospholipids (LPLs) in the diet of broiler breeders can benefit their offspring. A total of 264 49-week-old breeders (Ross 308) were allocated and fed based on a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two levels of dietary energy (normal energy = 2800 kcal/kg and low energy = 2760 kcal/kg) and two LPL levels (0 and 0.5 g/kg) for periods of 8 and 12 weeks. The offspring were assessed for growth performance, serum parameters, hepatic antioxidative capability, and expression of genes involved in liver β-oxidation at 7 days old. The LPL inclusion improved (p < 0.01) average body weight (ABW), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The offspring of 61-week-old breeders fed with LPL exhibited reduced serum triglyceride levels (p < 0.01) but an increase in hepatic glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05). The LPL increased (p < 0.001) the mRNA expression of the PGC-1α gene in the liver. Supplementing LPL in low-energy diets resulted in higher FABP1 gene expression (p < 0.05) in the intestine. In conclusion, LPL supplementation in the breeders' diet improved offspring performance by enhancing fatty acid absorption, hepatic indices, and the expression of genes involved in liver β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sedghi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; (F.J.); (S.Z.); (I.M.)
| | - Fatemeh Javanmard
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; (F.J.); (S.Z.); (I.M.)
| | - Anvar Amoozmehr
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Shahid Beheshti Ave, Gorgan 49138-15739, Iran;
| | - Saeid Zamany
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; (F.J.); (S.Z.); (I.M.)
| | - Ishmael Mohammadi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; (F.J.); (S.Z.); (I.M.)
| | - Woo Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (W.K.); (V.S.R.C.)
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Wang J, Liu Y, Xiu C, Wang X, Liu Y, Hu Y, Yang J, Lei Y. Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Explore the Effect and Mechanism of Zhizhu Granule Improving Glucose-Lipid Metabolism in Rats with Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:3833-3846. [PMID: 39440025 PMCID: PMC11495215 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s477410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Zhizhu granule (ZZG), in treating metabolic syndrome (MS) based on network pharmacology and pharmacodynamic experiment. Materials and Methods Network pharmacology combined with a pharmacodynamic experiment was used to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of ZZG in MS. Serum samples were collected from rats with MS, induced by a high-sugar-fat-salt diet (HSFSD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ), to measure the levels of biochemical markers. The glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were detected. The liver tissue of rats was used for histological examination and Western blot analysis. Results Network pharmacology analysis generated 69 drug-disease common targets and 10 hub genes closely related to ZZG against MS. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was the most potential pathway, which took part in the therapeutic mechanisms. In the animal experiments section, the therapeutic effect of ZZG on MS and the therapeutic pathway of ZZG on MS were verified. ZZG could significantly decrease the body weight, TC, TG, LDL-C and GLU levels in MS rats (all p<0.01), alleviate hepatocyte steatosis and decrease liver lipid droplet deposition. Western blot analysis indicated that compared with the model group, the expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and IRS-1 protein were significantly increased (all p<0.05), and the FOXO-1 was significantly decreased (all p<0.05) in the ZZG group. Conclusion ZZG can improve glucose-lipid metabolism disorder in rats with metabolic syndrome. The reported results provide experimental evidence for ZZG in the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqing Liu
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengkui Xiu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinan Liu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Hu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Lei
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Li C, Wang F, Ma Y, Wang W, Guo Y. Investigation of the regulatory mechanisms of Guiqi Yimu Powder on dairy cow fatty liver cells using a multi-omics approach. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1475564. [PMID: 39444735 PMCID: PMC11497463 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1475564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fatty liver disease in dairy cows is a metabolic disorder that significantly affects their health and productivity, imposing a notable economic burden on the global dairy industry. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), characterized by its multi-component and multi-target features, has shown unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Guiqi Yimu Powder, a traditional TCM formula, enhances growth, boosts production efficiency, and strengthens immune function in livestock by regulating antioxidant along with anti-inflammatory pathways. However, its specific regulatory mechanisms on fatty liver in dairy cows remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the molecular-level effects and potential regulatory mechanisms of Guiqi Yimu Powder in a Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) induced fatty liver cell model of dairy cows. Methods We employed a comprehensive analysis integrating transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and network pharmacology. An in vitro dairy cow fatty liver cell model was established using TMAO to induce lipid accumulation. Cells were treated with the optimal TMAO concentration identified through preliminary experiments, and further divided into a lipid accumulation group and Guiqi Yimu Powder treatment groups. The treatment groups received varying concentrations of Guiqi Yimu Powder (10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 g/L). High-throughput omics sequencing technologies were utilized to perform a comprehensive analysis of the treated cells. Bioinformatics methods were applied to explore the regulatory effects, aiming to elucidate the specific impacts of Guiqi Yimu Powder on lipid metabolism, liver function, and related signaling pathways, thereby providing scientific evidence for its potential application in the prevention and treatment of fatty liver in dairy cows. Results Guiqi Yimu Powder treatment significantly affected 1,536 genes, 152 proteins, and 259 metabolites. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the significantly altered molecules are involved in multiple pathways related to the pathology of fatty liver, including metabolic pathways, glutathione metabolism, hepatitis B, and AMPK signaling pathway (p < 0.05). Notably, joint analysis highlighted the regulatory mechanisms of Guiqi Yimu Powder on glutathione cycling, with L-5-Oxoproline identified as an important metabolic compound. These findings indicate its impact on oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and liver function, suggesting potential therapeutic applications for fatty liver in dairy cows. Discussion This study elucidated the regulatory mechanisms of Guiqi Yimu Powder on fatty liver cells in dairy cows, providing new scientific evidence for its potential application in the prevention and treatment of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanfen Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yansheng Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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