1
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Fennie HW, Seary R, Muhling BA, Bograd SJ, Brodie S, Cimino MA, Hazen EL, Jacox MG, McHuron EA, Melin S, Santora JA, Suca JJ, Thayer JA, Thompson AR, Warzybok P, Tommasi D. An anchovy ecosystem indicator of marine predator foraging and reproduction. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222326. [PMID: 36750186 PMCID: PMC9904941 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Forage fishes are key energy conduits that transfer primary and secondary productivity to higher trophic levels. As novel environmental conditions caused by climate change alter ecosystems and predator-prey dynamics, there is a critical need to understand how forage fish control bottom-up forcing of food web dynamics. In the northeast Pacific, northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) is an important forage species with high interannual variability in population size that subsequently impacts the foraging and reproductive ecology of marine predators. Anchovy habitat suitability from a species distribution model (SDM) was assessed as an indicator of the diet, distribution and reproduction of four predator species. Across 22 years (1998-2019), this anchovy ecosystem indicator (AEI) was significantly positively correlated with diet composition of all species and the distribution of common murres (Uria aalge), Brandt's cormorants (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) and California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), but not rhinoceros auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata). The capacity for the AEI to explain variability in predator reproduction varied by species but was strongest with cormorants and sea lions. The AEI demonstrates the utility of forage SDMs in creating ecosystem indicators to guide ecosystem-based management.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. William Fennie
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Fisheries Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric and Administration, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-1508, USA
| | - Rachel Seary
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 99 Pacific Street, Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940-7200, USA
| | - Barbara A. Muhling
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Fisheries Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric and Administration, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-1508, USA
| | - Steven J. Bograd
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 99 Pacific Street, Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940-7200, USA
| | - Stephanie Brodie
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 99 Pacific Street, Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940-7200, USA
| | - Megan A. Cimino
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 99 Pacific Street, Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940-7200, USA
| | - Elliott L. Hazen
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 99 Pacific Street, Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940-7200, USA
| | - Michael G. Jacox
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 99 Pacific Street, Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940-7200, USA
- Physical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric and Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. McHuron
- Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington, 3737 Brooklyn Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Sharon Melin
- California Current Ecosystems Program, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Mammal Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Jarrod A. Santora
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 110 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Department of Applied Math, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Justin J. Suca
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 99 Pacific Street, Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940-7200, USA
| | - Julie A. Thayer
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, 101 H Street, Suite Q, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA
| | - Andrew R. Thompson
- Fisheries Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric and Administration, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-1508, USA
| | - Pete Warzybok
- Point Blue Conservation Science, 3820 Cypress Drive Suite 11, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA
| | - Desiree Tommasi
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Fisheries Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric and Administration, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-1508, USA
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2
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Montalva F, Pavés H, Pérez-Venegas D, Barrientos E KG, Valencia C, Miranda-Urbina D, Seguel M. Lower marine productivity increases agonistic interactions between sea lions and fur seals in Northern Pacific Patagonia. Curr Zool 2022; 68:657-666. [PMID: 36864890 PMCID: PMC9972520 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific interactions are key drivers of individual and population-level fitness in a wide range of animals. However, in marine ecosystems, it is relatively unknown which biotic and abiotic factors impact behavioral interactions between competing species. We assessed the impact of weather, marine productivity, and population structure on the behavioral agonistic interactions between South American fur seals (SAFSs), Arctocephalus australis, and South American sea lions (SASLs), Otaria byronia, in a breeding colony of SAFS. We hypothesized that agonistic interactions between SAFSs and SASLs respond to biotic and abiotic factors such as SAFS population structure, marine productivity, and weather. We found that SASL and SAFS interactions almost always resulted in negative impacts on the social structure or reproductive success of the SAFS colony. SASL adult males initiated stampedes of SAFS and/or abducted and predated SAFS pups. Adult SAFS males abundance and severe weather events were negatively correlated with agonistic interactions between species. However, proxies for lower marine productivity such as higher sea surface temperature and lower catches of demerso-pelagic fish were the most important predictors of more frequent agonistic interactions between SAFS and SASL. Under the current scenario of decline in marine biomass due to global climate change and overfishing, agonistic interactions between competing marine predators could increase and exacerbate the negative impacts of environmental change in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Montalva
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hector Pavés
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Osorno, Chile
| | - Diego Pérez-Venegas
- Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales (CIGREN), Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Karin G Barrientos E
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agrarias, Escuela de Graduados de la, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carola Valencia
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Sede Patagonia, Universidad San Sebastian, Puerto Montt, Chile
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3
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Essian DA, Paudel R, Gawlik DE. Predicting effects of water management on breeding abundance of three wading bird species. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Essian
- Florida Atlantic University 777 Glades Road Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
| | - Rajendra Paudel
- The Everglades Foundation 18001 Old Cutler Road Palmetto Bay FL 33157 USA
| | - Dale E. Gawlik
- Florida Atlantic University 777 Glades Road Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
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4
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Requier F, Henry M, Decourtye A, Brun F, Aupinel P, Rebaudo F, Bretagnolle V. Measuring ontogenetic shifts in central-place foragers: A case study with honeybees. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:1860-1871. [PMID: 32419193 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Measuring time-activity budgets over the complete individual life span is now possible for many animals with the recent advances of life-long individual monitoring devices. Although analyses of changes in the patterns of time-activity budgets have revealed ontogenetic shifts in birds or mammals, no such technique has been applied to date on insects. We tested an automated breakpoint-based procedure to detect, assess and quantify shifts in the temporal pattern of the flight activities in honeybees. We assumed that the learning and foraging stages of honeybees will differ in several respects, to detect the age at onset of foraging (AOF). Using an extensive dataset covering the life-long monitoring of 1,167 individuals, we compared the AOF outputs with the more conventional approaches based on arbitrary thresholds. We further evaluated the robustness of the different methods comparing the foraging time-activity budget allocations between the presumed foragers and confirmed foragers. We revealed a clear-cut learning-foraging ontogenetic shift that differs in duration, frequency and time of occurrence of flights. Although AOF appeared to be highly plastic among bees, the breakpoint-based procedure seems better capable to detect it than arbitrary threshold-based methods that are unable to deal with inter-individual variation. We developed the aof r-package including a broad range of examples with both simulated and empirical datasets to illustrate the simplicity of use of the procedure. This simple procedure is generic enough to be derived from any individual life-long monitoring devices recording the time-activity budgets, and could propose new ecological applications of bio-logging to detect ontogenetic shifts in the behaviour of central-place foragers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Requier
- UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mickaël Henry
- UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, INRAE, Avignon, France.,UMT PrADE, Avignon, France
| | - Axel Decourtye
- UMT PrADE, Avignon, France.,ACTA, Avignon, France.,ITSAP-Institut de l'abeille, Avignon, France
| | | | - Pierrick Aupinel
- UE 1255 APIS 'Abeilles paysages interactions et systèmes de culture', INRAE, Surgères, France
| | - François Rebaudo
- UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS & La Rochelle University, UMR 7372, Beauvoir sur Niort, France.,LTSER Zone Atelier 'Plaine & Val de Sèvre', CNRS, Villiers-en-Bois, France
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5
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Lander ME, Fadely BS, Gelatt TS, Sterling JT, Johnson DS, Pelland NA. Mixing it up in Alaska: Habitat use of adult female Steller sea lions reveals a variety of foraging strategies. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E. Lander
- Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Seattle Washington 98115 USA
| | - Brian S. Fadely
- Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Seattle Washington 98115 USA
| | - Thomas S. Gelatt
- Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Seattle Washington 98115 USA
| | - Jeremy T. Sterling
- Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Seattle Washington 98115 USA
| | - Devin S. Johnson
- Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Seattle Washington 98115 USA
| | - Noel A. Pelland
- Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Seattle Washington 98115 USA
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6
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McHenry J, Welch H, Lester SE, Saba V. Projecting marine species range shifts from only temperature can mask climate vulnerability. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:4208-4221. [PMID: 31487434 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is causing range shifts in many marine species, with implications for biodiversity and fisheries. Previous research has mainly focused on how species' ranges will respond to changing ocean temperatures, without accounting for other environmental covariates that could affect future distribution patterns. Here, we integrate habitat suitability modeling approaches, a high-resolution global climate model projection, and detailed fishery-independent and -dependent faunal datasets from one of the most extensively monitored marine ecosystems-the U.S. Northeast Shelf. We project the responses of 125 species in this region to climate-driven changes in multiple oceanographic factors (e.g., ocean temperature, salinity, sea surface height) and seabed characteristics (i.e., rugosity and depth). Comparing model outputs based on ocean temperature and seabed characteristics to those that also incorporated salinity and sea surface height (proxies for primary productivity and ocean circulation features), we explored how an emphasis on ocean temperature in projecting species' range shifts can impact assessments of species' climate vulnerability. We found that multifactor habitat suitability models performed better in explaining and predicting species historical distribution patterns than temperature-based models. We also found that multifactor models provided more concerning assessments of species' future distribution patterns than temperature-based models, projecting that species' ranges will largely shift northward and become more contracted and fragmented over time. Our results suggest that using ocean temperature as a primary determinant of range shifts can significantly alter projections, masking species' climate vulnerability, and potentially forestalling proactive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer McHenry
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Heather Welch
- NOAA, NMFS, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E Lester
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Vincent Saba
- NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
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7
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Mitchell LJ, White PCL, Arnold KE. The trade-off between fix rate and tracking duration on estimates of home range size and habitat selection for small vertebrates. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219357. [PMID: 31291318 PMCID: PMC6619758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in technology, there are still constraints on the use of some tracking devices for small species when gathering high temporal and spatial resolution data on movement and resource use. For small species, weight limits imposed on GPS loggers and the consequent impacts on battery life, restrict the volume of data that can be collected. Research on home range and habitat selection for these species should therefore incorporate a consideration of how different sampling parameters and methods may affect the structure of the data and the conclusions drawn. However, factors such as these are seldom explicitly considered. We applied two commonly-used methods of home range estimation, Movement-based Kernel Density Estimation (MKDE) and Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) to investigate the influence of fix rate, tracking duration and method on home range size and habitat selection, using GPS tracking data collected at two different fix rates from a small, aerially-insectivorous bird, the European nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus. Effects of tracking parameters varied with home range estimation method. Fix rate and tracking duration most strongly explained change in MKDE and KDE home range size respectively. Total number of fixes and tracking duration had the strongest impact on habitat selection. High between- and within-individual variation strongly influenced outcomes and was most evident when exploring the effects of varying tracking duration. To reduce skew and bias in home range size estimation and especially habitat selection caused by individual variation and estimation method, we recommend tracking animals for the longest period possible even if this results in a reduced fix rate. If accurate movement properties, (e.g. trajectory length and turning angle) and biologically-representative movement occurrence ranges are more important, then a higher fix rate should be used, but priority habitats can still be identified with an infrequent sampling strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J Mitchell
- Department of Environment and Geography, Wentworth Way, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Piran C L White
- Department of Environment and Geography, Wentworth Way, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn E Arnold
- Department of Environment and Geography, Wentworth Way, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
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8
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Maxwell SM, Scales KL, Bograd SJ, Briscoe DK, Dewar H, Hazen EL, Lewison RL, Welch H, Crowder LB. Seasonal spatial segregation in blue sharks (
Prionace glauca
) by sex and size class in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Maxwell
- School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences University of Washington Bothell Washington
- Department of Biological Sciences Old Dominion University Norfolk Virginia
| | - Kylie L. Scales
- Global Change Ecology Research Group University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore Australia
| | - Steven J. Bograd
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division Monterey California
- Institute of Marine Sciences University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California
| | - Dana K. Briscoe
- Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University Pacific Grove California
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Nelson New Zealand
| | - Heidi Dewar
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center La Jolla California
| | - Elliott L. Hazen
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division Monterey California
- Institute of Marine Sciences University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California
| | | | - Heather Welch
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division Monterey California
- Institute of Marine Sciences University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California
| | - Larry B. Crowder
- Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University Pacific Grove California
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9
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Thorne LH, Baird RW, Webster DL, Stepanuk JE, Read AJ. Predicting fisheries bycatch: A case study and field test for pilot whales in a pelagic longline fishery. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lesley H. Thorne
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York
| | | | | | - Julia E. Stepanuk
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York
| | - Andrew J. Read
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Beaufort North Carolina
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10
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Hazen EL, Scales KL, Maxwell SM, Briscoe DK, Welch H, Bograd SJ, Bailey H, Benson SR, Eguchi T, Dewar H, Kohin S, Costa DP, Crowder LB, Lewison RL. A dynamic ocean management tool to reduce bycatch and support sustainable fisheries. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar3001. [PMID: 29854945 PMCID: PMC5976278 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Seafood is an essential source of protein for more than 3 billion people worldwide, yet bycatch of threatened species in capture fisheries remains a major impediment to fisheries sustainability. Management measures designed to reduce bycatch often result in significant economic losses and even fisheries closures. Static spatial management approaches can also be rendered ineffective by environmental variability and climate change, as productive habitats shift and introduce new interactions between human activities and protected species. We introduce a new multispecies and dynamic approach that uses daily satellite data to track ocean features and aligns scales of management, species movement, and fisheries. To accomplish this, we create species distribution models for one target species and three bycatch-sensitive species using both satellite telemetry and fisheries observer data. We then integrate species-specific probabilities of occurrence into a single predictive surface, weighing the contribution of each species by management concern. We find that dynamic closures could be 2 to 10 times smaller than existing static closures while still providing adequate protection of endangered nontarget species. Our results highlight the opportunity to implement near real-time management strategies that would both support economically viable fisheries and meet mandated conservation objectives in the face of changing ocean conditions. With recent advances in eco-informatics, dynamic management provides a new climate-ready approach to support sustainable fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott L. Hazen
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Woods Institute Visiting Scholar, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Kylie L. Scales
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- University of the Sunshine Coast, School of Science and Engineering, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sara M. Maxwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Dana K. Briscoe
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Heather Welch
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Steven J. Bograd
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Helen Bailey
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland, Solomons, MD 20688, USA
| | - Scott R. Benson
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
| | - Tomo Eguchi
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
| | - Heidi Dewar
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
| | - Suzy Kohin
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
| | - Daniel P. Costa
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Larry B. Crowder
- Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring and Management, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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