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Mahood AL, Koontz MJ, Balch JK. Fuel connectivity, burn severity, and seed bank survivorship drive ecosystem transformation in a semiarid shrubland. Ecology 2023; 104:e3968. [PMID: 36571436 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A key challenge in ecology is understanding how multiple drivers interact to precipitate persistent vegetation state changes. These state changes may be both precipitated and maintained by disturbances, but predicting whether the state change will be fleeting or persistent requires an understanding of the mechanisms by which disturbance affects the alternative communities. In the sagebrush shrublands of the western United States, widespread annual grass invasion has increased fuel connectivity, which increases the size and spatial contiguity of fires, leading to postfire monocultures of introduced annual grasses (IAG). The novel grassland state can be persistent and is more likely to promote large fires than the shrubland it replaced. But the mechanisms by which prefire invasion and fire occurrence are linked to higher postfire flammability are not fully understood. A natural experiment to explore these interactions presented itself when we arrived in northern Nevada immediately after a 50,000 ha wildfire was extinguished. We hypothesized that the novel grassland state is maintained via a reinforcing feedback where higher fuel connectivity increases burn severity, which subsequently increases postfire IAG dispersal, seed survivorship, and fuel connectivity. We used a Bayesian joint species distribution model and structural equation model framework to assess the strength of the support for each element in this feedback pathway. We found that prefire fuel connectivity increased burn severity and that higher burn severity had mostly positive effects on the occurrence of IAG and another nonnative species and mostly negative or neutral relationships with all other species. Finally, we found that the abundance of IAG seeds in the seed bank immediately after a fire had a positive effect on the fuel connectivity 3 years after the fire, completing a positive feedback promoting IAG. These results demonstrate that the strength of the positive feedback is controlled by measurable characteristics of ecosystem structure, composition, and disturbance. Further, each node in the loop is affected independently by multiple global change drivers. It is possible that these characteristics can be modeled to predict threshold behavior and inform management actions to mitigate or slow the establishment of the grass-fire cycle, perhaps via targeted restoration applications or prefire fuel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Mahood
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.,Earth Lab, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.,Water Resources, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Jennifer K Balch
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.,Earth Lab, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.,Environmental Data Science Innovation and Inclusion Lab, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
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2
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Mirzaei J, Heydari M, Omidipour R, Jafarian N, Carcaillet C. Decrease in Soil Functionalities and Herbs' Diversity, but Not That of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Linked to Short Fire Interval in Semi-Arid Oak Forest Ecosystem, West Iran. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12051112. [PMID: 36903972 PMCID: PMC10005139 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The semi-arid forest ecosystems of western Iran dominated by Quercus brantii are often disturbed by wildfires. Here, we assessed the effects of short fire intervals on the soil properties and community diversity of herbaceous plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as well as the interactions between these ecosystem features. Plots burned once or twice within 10 years were compared to unburned plots over a long time period (control sites). Soil physical properties were not affected by the short fire interval, except bulk density, which increased. Soil geochemical and biological properties were affected by the fires. Soil organic matter and nitrogen concentrations were depleted by two fires. Short intervals impaired microbial respiration, microbial biomass carbon, substrate-induced respiration, and urease enzyme activity. The successive fires affected the AMF's Shannon diversity. The diversity of the herb community increased after one fire and dropped after two, indicating that the whole community structure was altered. Two fires had greater direct than indirect effects on plant and fungal diversity, as well as soil properties. Short-interval fires depleted soil functional properties and reduced herb diversity. With short-interval fires probably fostered by anthropogenic climate change, the functionalities of this semi-arid oak forest could collapse, necessitating fire mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Mirzaei
- Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam 69315-516, Iran
- Correspondence:
| | - Mehdi Heydari
- Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam 69315-516, Iran
| | - Reza Omidipour
- Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculties of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 8818634141, Iran
| | - Nahid Jafarian
- Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam 69315-516, Iran
| | - Christopher Carcaillet
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Paris Sciences & Lettres Université (PSL), F-75014 Paris, France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE (UMR 5023 LEHNA), F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
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3
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Fernández-Guisuraga JM, Calvo L, Fernandes PM, Hulet A, Perryman B, Schultz B, Jensen KS, Enterkine J, Boyd CS, Davies KW, Johnson DD, Wollstein K, Price WJ, Arispe SA. Estimates of fine fuel litter biomass in the northern Great Basin reveal increases during short fire-free intervals associated with invasive annual grasses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160634. [PMID: 36462652 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exotic annual grasses invasion across northern Great Basin rangelands has promoted a grass-fire cycle that threatens the sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) steppe ecosystem. In this sense, high accumulation rates and persistence of litter from annual species largely increase the amount and continuity of fine fuels. Here, we highlight the potential use and transferability of remote sensing-derived products to estimate litter biomass on sagebrush rangelands in southeastern Oregon, and link fire regime attributes (fire-free period) with litter biomass spatial patterns at the landscape scale. Every June, from 2018 to 2021, we measured litter biomass in 24 field plots (60 m × 60 m). Two remote sensing-derived datasets were used to predict litter biomass measured in the field plots. The first dataset used was the 30-m annual net primary production (NPP) product partitioned into plant functional traits (annual grass, perennial grass, shrub, and tree) from the Rangeland Analysis Platform (RAP). The second dataset included topographic variables (heat load index -HLI- and site exposure index -SEI-) computed from the USGS 30-m National Elevation Dataset. Through a frequentist model averaging approach (FMA), we determined that the NPP of annual and perennial grasses, as well as HLI and SEI, were important predictors of field-measured litter biomass in 2018, with the model featuring a high overall fit (R2 = 0.61). Model transferability based on extrapolating the FMA predictive relationships from 2018 to the following years provided similar overall fits (R2 ≈ 0.5). The fire-free period had a significant effect on the litter biomass accumulation on rangelands within the study site, with greater litter biomass in areas where the fire-free period was <10 years. Our findings suggest that the proposed remote sensing-derived products could be a key instrument to equip rangeland managers with additional information towards fuel management, fire management, and restoration efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Fernández-Guisuraga
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Leonor Calvo
- Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Paulo M Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - April Hulet
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Barry Perryman
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary, and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Brad Schultz
- University of Reno Cooperative Extension Winnemucca County, University of Nevada, Winnemucca, NV 89445, USA
| | - K Scott Jensen
- University of Idaho Extension Service-Owyhee County, University of Idaho, Marsing, ID 83669, USA
| | - Josh Enterkine
- Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83706, USA
| | - Chad S Boyd
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Burns, OR 97720, USA
| | - Kirk W Davies
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Burns, OR 97720, USA
| | - Dustin D Johnson
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center-Burns, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
| | - Katherine Wollstein
- Oregon State University Extension Service-Malheur & Harney Counties, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
| | - William J Price
- Oregon State University Extension Service-Baker & Union Counties, Oregon State University, Baker City, OR 97814, USA
| | - Sergio A Arispe
- Oregon State University Extension Service-Malheur County, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR 97914, USA
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4
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Tortorelli CM, Kim JB, Vaillant NM, Riley K, Dye A, Nietupski TC, Vogler KC, Lemons R, Day M, Krawchuk MA, Kerns BK. Feeding the fire: Annual grass invasion facilitates modeled fire spread across Inland Northwest forest‐mosaic landscapes. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Tortorelli
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - John B. Kim
- Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Nicole M. Vaillant
- USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Wildland Fire Management Research, Development and Application Bend Oregon USA
| | - Karin Riley
- Rocky Mountain Research Station Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory Missoula Montana USA
| | - Alex Dye
- USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Portland Oregon USA
| | - Ty C. Nietupski
- USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Portland Oregon USA
| | | | - Rebecca Lemons
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Michelle Day
- USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Meg A. Krawchuk
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Becky K. Kerns
- USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Portland Oregon USA
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5
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Weeks J, Miller JED, Steel ZL, Batzer EE, Safford HD. High‐severity fire drives persistent floristic homogenization in human‐altered forests. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- JonahMaria Weeks
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California‐Davis Davis California USA
| | - Jesse E. D. Miller
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California‐Davis Davis California USA
- Department of Biology Stanford University Palo Alto California USA
| | - Zachary L. Steel
- Department of Environmental, Science and Management University of California‐Berkeley Berkeley California USA
- USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Evan E. Batzer
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California‐Davis Davis California USA
| | - Hugh D. Safford
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California‐Davis Davis California USA
- Vibrant Planet Incline Village Nevada USA
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6
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Anthony CR, Germino MJ. Does post-fire recovery of native grasses across abiotic-stress and invasive-grass gradients match theoretical predictions, in sagebrush steppe? Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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7
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Li Z, Angerer JP, Wu XB. The impacts of wildfires of different burn severities on vegetation structure across the western United States rangelands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157214. [PMID: 35810897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Large wildfires have increased in western US rangelands over the last three decades. There is limited information on the impacts of wildfires with different severities on the vegetation in these rangelands. This study assessed the impacts of large wildfires on rangeland fractional cover including annual forbs and grasses (AFG), perennial forbs and grasses (PFG), shrubs (SHR) and trees (TREE) across the western US, and explored relationships between changes in fractional cover and prefire soil moisture conditions. The Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm was used to group wildfires into nine clusters based on the prefire rangeland fractional cover extracted from the Rangeland Analysis Platform. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) with various lag scales from the Gridded Surface Meteorological (GRIDMET) dataset was used to represent antecedent soil moisture conditions. The results showed generally that fractional cover decreased most for AFG and PFG during the fire year, one year postfire for SHR, and two years postfire for TREE. High severity wildfires led to the greatest decrease in cover for all plant functional types, while low severity wildfires caused the least decrease in the functional type cover in most cases, though some variations existed. Furthermore, the impacts of wildfires on vegetation cover were greater in woody (SHR and TREE) types than in herbaceous (AFG and PFG) types. Significant negative correlation existed between percent changes in AFG and PFG cover and SPEI indicating higher prefire soil moisture conditions likely increased fine fuel loads and led to a larger decrease in AFG and PFG cover following wildfires. Significant positive correlation existed between percent changes in SHR and TREE cover and SPEI indicating drier prefire conditions resulted in larger decreases in SHR and TREE cover following wildfires. These findings help better understand the impacts of wildfires on rangelands and provide insights for rangeland management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jay P Angerer
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Miles City, MT, USA.
| | - X Ben Wu
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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8
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Arkle RS, Pilliod DS, Germino MJ, Jeffries MI, Welty JL. Reestablishing a foundational species: Limitations on post‐wildfire sagebrush seedling establishment. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Arkle
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise Idaho USA
| | - David S. Pilliod
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise Idaho USA
| | - Matthew J. Germino
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise Idaho USA
| | - Michelle I. Jeffries
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise Idaho USA
| | - Justin L. Welty
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise Idaho USA
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9
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Mahood AL, Lindrooth EJ, Cook MC, Balch JK. Country-level fire perimeter datasets (2001-2021). Sci Data 2022; 9:458. [PMID: 35908041 PMCID: PMC9338977 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fire activity is changing across many areas of the globe. Understanding how social and ecological systems respond to fire is an important topic for the coming century. But many countries do not have accessible fire history data. There are several satellite-based products available as gridded data, but these can be difficult to access and use, and require significant computational resources and time to convert into a usable product for a specific area of interest. We developed an open source software package called Fire Event Delineation for python (FIREDpy) which automatically downloads and processes all of the source files for an area of interest from the MODIS burned area product, and runs a spatiotemporal flooding algorithm that converts those hundreds of grids into a single fire perimeter shapefile. Here we present a collection of fire event perimeter datasets for every country on the globe that we created using the FIREDpy software. We will continue to improve the efficiency and flexibility of the underlying algorithm, and intend to update these datasets annually. Measurement(s) | Fire event occurrence • growth rate • size | Technology Type(s) | Satellite fire detections | Sample Characteristic - Environment | fire | Sample Characteristic - Location | global |
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Mahood
- Earth Lab, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA. .,Water Resources, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Estelle J Lindrooth
- Earth Lab, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA.,Applied Math, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
| | - Maxwell C Cook
- Earth Lab, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA.,Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
| | - Jennifer K Balch
- Earth Lab, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA.,Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
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10
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Lindenmayer DB, Blanchard W, Bowd E, Scheele BC, Foster C, Lavery T, McBurney L, Blair D. Rapid bird species recovery following high‐severity wildfire but in the absence of early successional specialists. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David B. Lindenmayer
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Wade Blanchard
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Elle Bowd
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Ben C. Scheele
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Claire Foster
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Tyrone Lavery
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Lachlan McBurney
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - David Blair
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory Australia
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11
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Copeland SM, Bradford JB, Hardegree SP, Schlaepfer DR, Badik KJ. Management and environmental factors associated with simulated restoration seeding barriers in sagebrush steppe. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stella M. Copeland
- USDA−Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, 67826‐A Hwy 205 Burns OR 97720 USA
| | - John B. Bradford
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, 2255 N. Gemini Dr Flagstaff AZ 86001 USA
| | - Stuart P. Hardegree
- USDA‐Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Watershed Research Center, 251 Front St., Suite 400 Boise ID 83702 USA
| | - Daniel R. Schlaepfer
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, 2255 N. Gemini Dr Flagstaff AZ 86001 USA
- Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes Northern Arizona University, PO Box 6077 Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
| | - Kevin J. Badik
- The Nature Conservancy 1 E. 1st St. Suite 1007 Reno NV 89501 USA
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12
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Mahood AL, Jones RO, Board DI, Balch JK, Chambers JC. Interannual climate variability mediates changes in carbon and nitrogen pools caused by annual grass invasion in a semiarid shrubland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:267-284. [PMID: 34614268 PMCID: PMC9291498 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Exotic plant invasions alter ecosystem properties and threaten ecosystem functions globally. Interannual climate variability (ICV) influences both plant community composition (PCC) and soil properties, and interactions between ICV and PCC may influence nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) pools. We asked how ICV and non-native annual grass invasion covary to influence soil and plant N and C in a semiarid shrubland undergoing widespread ecosystem transformation due to invasions and altered fire regimes. We sampled four progressive stages of annual grass invasion at 20 sites across a large (25,000 km2 ) landscape for plant community composition, plant tissue N and C, and soil total N and C in 2013 and 2016, which followed 2 years of dry and wet conditions, respectively. Multivariate analyses and ANOVAs showed that in invasion stages where native shrub and perennial grass and forb communities were replaced by annual grass-dominated communities, the ecosystem lost more soil N and C in wet years. Path analysis showed that high water availability led to higher herbaceous cover in all invasion stages. In stages with native shrubs and perennial grasses, higher perennial grass cover was associated with increased soil C and N, while in annual-dominated stages, higher annual grass cover was associated with losses of soil C and N. Also, soil total C and C:N ratios were more homogeneous in annual-dominated invasion stages as indicated by within-site standard deviations. Loss of native shrubs and perennial grasses and forbs coupled with annual grass invasion may lead to long-term declines in soil N and C and hamper restoration efforts. Restoration strategies that use innovative techniques and novel species to address increasing temperatures and ICV and emphasize maintaining plant community structure-shrubs, grasses, and forbs-will allow sagebrush ecosystems to maintain C sequestration, soil fertility, and soil heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. Mahood
- Department of GeographyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
- Earth LabUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Rachel O. Jones
- Department of Biological & Ecological EngineeringOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - David I. Board
- US Forest ServiceRocky Mountain Research StationRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Jennifer K. Balch
- Department of GeographyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
- Earth LabUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
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13
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Nagy RC, Balch JK, Bissell EK, Cattau ME, Glenn NF, Halpern BS, Ilangakoon N, Johnson B, Joseph MB, Marconi S, O’Riordan C, Sanovia J, Swetnam TL, Travis WR, Wasser LA, Woolner E, Zarnetske P, Abdulrahim M, Adler J, Barnes G, Bartowitz KJ, Blake RE, Bombaci SP, Brun J, Buchanan JD, Chadwick KD, Chapman MS, Chong SS, Chung YA, Corman JR, Couret J, Crispo E, Doak TG, Donnelly A, Duffy KA, Dunning KH, Duran SM, Edmonds JW, Fairbanks DE, Felton AJ, Florian CR, Gann D, Gebhardt M, Gill NS, Gram WK, Guo JS, Harvey BJ, Hayes KR, Helmus MR, Hensley RT, Hondula KL, Huang T, Hundertmark WJ, Iglesias V, Jacinthe P, Jansen LS, Jarzyna MA, Johnson TM, Jones KD, Jones MA, Just MG, Kaddoura YO, Kagawa‐Vivani AK, Kaushik A, Keller AB, King KBS, Kitzes J, Koontz MJ, Kouba PV, Kwan W, LaMontagne JM, LaRue EA, Li D, Li B, Lin Y, Liptzin D, Long WA, Mahood AL, Malloy SS, Malone SL, McGlinchy JM, Meier CL, Melbourne BA, Mietkiewicz N, Morisette JT, Moustapha M, Muscarella C, Musinsky J, Muthukrishnan R, Naithani K, Neely M, Norman K, Parker SM, Perez Rocha M, Petri L, Ramey CA, Record S, Rossi MW, SanClements M, Scholl VM, Schweiger AK, Seyednasrollah B, Sihi D, Smith KR, Sokol ER, Spaulding SA, Spiers AI, St. Denis LA, Staccone AP, Stack Whitney K, Stanitski DM, Stricker E, Surasinghe TD, Thomsen SK, Vasek PM, Xiaolu L, Yang D, Yu R, Yule KM, Zhu K. Harnessing the NEON data revolution to advance open environmental science with a diverse and data‐capable community. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Chelsea Nagy
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Jennifer K. Balch
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Geography University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Erin K. Bissell
- Biology Department Metropolitan State University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | - Megan E. Cattau
- Human‐Environment Systems Boise State University Boise Idaho USA
| | - Nancy F. Glenn
- Human‐Environment Systems Boise State University Boise Idaho USA
- University of New South Wales Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Benjamin S. Halpern
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) Santa Barbara California USA
- University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Nayani Ilangakoon
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Brian Johnson
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Maxwell B. Joseph
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Sergio Marconi
- School of Natural Resources & Environment University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | | | - James Sanovia
- Department of Math, Science, and Technology Oglala Lakota College Kyle South Dakota USA
| | | | - William R. Travis
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Geography University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Leah A. Wasser
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Geography University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Elizabeth Woolner
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Phoebe Zarnetske
- Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Mujahid Abdulrahim
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering University of Missouri Kansas City Kansas City Missouri USA
| | - John Adler
- Department of Geography University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
- CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Grenville Barnes
- Department of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Kristina J. Bartowitz
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho USA
| | - Rachael E. Blake
- National Socio‐Environmental Synthesis Center University of Maryland Annapolis Maryland USA
| | - Sara P. Bombaci
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Julien Brun
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) Santa Barbara California USA
- University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Jacob D. Buchanan
- Department of Biological Sciences Bowling Green State University Bowling Green Ohio USA
| | - K. Dana Chadwick
- Department of Geological Sciences University of Texas Austin Austin Texas USA
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - Melissa S. Chapman
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
| | - Steven S. Chong
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) Santa Barbara California USA
- University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California USA
- University of California Berkeley Library University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
| | - Y. Anny Chung
- Departments of Plant Biology and Plant Pathology University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - Jessica R. Corman
- School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA
| | - Jannelle Couret
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
| | - Erika Crispo
- Department of Biology Pace University New York City New York USA
| | - Thomas G. Doak
- Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington Indiana USA
| | - Alison Donnelly
- Department of Geography University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin USA
| | - Katharyn A. Duffy
- School of Informatics, Computing & Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Kelly H. Dunning
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - Sandra M. Duran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Jennifer W. Edmonds
- Department of Physical and Life Sciences Nevada State College Henderson Nevada USA
| | - Dawson E. Fairbanks
- Department of Environmental Science University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Andrew J. Felton
- Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan Utah USA
| | | | - Daniel Gann
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University Miami Florida USA
| | - Martha Gebhardt
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Nathan S. Gill
- Department of Natural Resources Management Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
| | - Wendy K. Gram
- University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Jessica S. Guo
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Brian J. Harvey
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Katherine R. Hayes
- Department of Integrative and Systems Biology University of Colorado Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | - Matthew R. Helmus
- Department of Biology Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Robert T. Hensley
- Battelle National Ecological Observatory Network Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Kelly L. Hondula
- National Socio‐Environmental Synthesis Center University of Maryland Annapolis Maryland USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Human‐Environment Systems Boise State University Boise Idaho USA
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Services Millbrook New York USA
| | | | - Virginia Iglesias
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Pierre‐Andre Jacinthe
- Department of Earth Sciences Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Lara S. Jansen
- Department of Environmental Science & Management Portland State University Portland Oregon USA
| | - Marta A. Jarzyna
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
- Translational Data Analytics Institute The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Youssef O. Kaddoura
- Department of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | | | - Aleya Kaushik
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Adrienne B. Keller
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota Twin Cities St. Paul Minnesota USA
| | - Katelyn B. S. King
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Justin Kitzes
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Michael J. Koontz
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Paige V. Kouba
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis Davis California USA
| | - Wai‐Yin Kwan
- CALeDNA University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A. LaRue
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
- Center for Computation & Technology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Bonan Li
- Department of Biological & Ecological Engineering Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Yang Lin
- Soil and Water Sciences Department University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | | | - William Alex Long
- Science and Technology Innovation Program Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Washington D.C. USA
| | - Adam L. Mahood
- Department of Geography University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Samuel S. Malloy
- Battelle Center for Science, Engineering and Public Policy in the John Glenn College of Public Affairs Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Sparkle L. Malone
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University Miami Florida USA
| | | | - Courtney L. Meier
- Battelle National Ecological Observatory Network Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Brett A. Melbourne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - Jeffery T. Morisette
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Moussa Moustapha
- Department of Biological Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Adamawa Cameroon
| | - Chance Muscarella
- Department of Environmental Science University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - John Musinsky
- Battelle National Ecological Observatory Network Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - Kusum Naithani
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas‐Fayetteville Fayetteville Arkansas USA
| | - Merrie Neely
- GEO AquaWatch Clearwater Florida USA
- Global Science and Technology, Inc Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Kari Norman
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
| | | | | | - Laís Petri
- School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Colette A. Ramey
- Biology Department Metropolitan State University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | - Sydne Record
- Department of Biology Bryn Mawr College Bryn Mawr Pennsylvania USA
| | - Matthew W. Rossi
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - Victoria M. Scholl
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Geography University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Anna K. Schweiger
- Remote Sensing Laboratories Department of Geography University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Bijan Seyednasrollah
- School of Informatics, Computing & Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Debjani Sihi
- Department of Environmental Sciences Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Kathleen R. Smith
- Biology Department Metropolitan State University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | - Eric R. Sokol
- Battelle National Ecological Observatory Network Boulder Colorado USA
- INSTAAR University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - Anna I. Spiers
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Lise A. St. Denis
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Anika P. Staccone
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Environmental Biology Columbia University New York New York USA
| | - Kaitlin Stack Whitney
- Department of Science, Technology, and Society Rochester Institute of Technology Henrietta New York USA
| | | | - Eva Stricker
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | - Thilina D. Surasinghe
- Department of Biological Sciences Bridgewater State University Bridgewater Massachusetts USA
| | - Sarah K. Thomsen
- Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Patrisse M. Vasek
- Department of Math, Science, and Technology Oglala Lakota College Kyle South Dakota USA
| | - Li Xiaolu
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Di Yang
- Wyoming GIS Center University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Geography University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin USA
| | - Kelsey M. Yule
- Biodiversity Knowledge Integration Center Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA
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14
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Gill NS, Mahood AL, Meier CL, Muthukrishnan R, Nagy RC, Stricker E, Duffy KA, Petri L, Morisette JT. Six central questions about biological invasions to which NEON data science is poised to contribute. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S. Gill
- Department of Natural Resources Management Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas 79410 USA
| | - Adam L. Mahood
- Earth Lab Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309 USA
- Geography Department University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309 USA
| | - Courtney L. Meier
- National Ecological Observatory Network Battelle Boulder Colorado 80301 USA
| | - Ranjan Muthukrishnan
- Environmental Resilience Institute Indiana University Bloomington Bloomington Indiana 47408 USA
| | - R. Chelsea Nagy
- Earth Lab Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309 USA
| | - Eva Stricker
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA
| | - Katharyn A. Duffy
- School of Informatics, Computing & Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona 86011 USA
| | - Laís Petri
- School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Morisette
- National Invasive Species Council U.S. Department of the Interior Washington DC 20240 USA
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15
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Rodhouse TJ, Lonneker J, Bowersock L, Popp D, Thompson JC, Dicus GH, Irvine KM. Resilience to fire and resistance to annual grass invasion in sagebrush ecosystems of US National Parks. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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16
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Pilliod DS, Jeffries MA, Welty JL, Arkle RS. Protecting restoration investments from the cheatgrass‐fire cycle in sagebrush steppe. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David S. Pilliod
- US Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise Idaho USA
| | - Michelle A. Jeffries
- US Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise Idaho USA
| | - Justin L. Welty
- US Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise Idaho USA
| | - Robert S. Arkle
- US Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise Idaho USA
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17
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Davies KW, Leger EA, Boyd CS, Hallett LM. Living with exotic annual grasses in the sagebrush ecosystem. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 288:112417. [PMID: 33765575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exotic annual grasses dominate millions of hectares and increase fire frequency in the sagebrush ecosystem of North America. This devastating invasion is so costly and challenging to revegetate with perennial vegetation that restoration efforts need to be prioritized and strategically implemented. Management needs to break the annual grass-fire cycle and prevent invasion of new areas, while research is needed to improve restoration success. Under current land management and climate regimes, extensive areas will remain annual grasslands, because of their expansiveness and the low probability of transition to perennial dominance. We propose referring to these communities as Intermountain West Annual Grasslands, recognizing that they are a stable state and require different management goals and objectives than perennial-dominated systems. We need to learn to live with annual grasslands, reducing their costs and increasing benefits derived from them, at the same time maintaining landscape-level plant diversity that could allow transition to perennial dominance under future scenarios. To accomplish this task, we propose a framework and research to improve our ability to live with exotic annual grasses in the sagebrush biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk W Davies
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR, 97720, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Leger
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Chad S Boyd
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR, 97720, USA
| | - Lauren M Hallett
- Department of Biology and Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon, 12010 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97405, USA
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18
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Wan X, Li C, Parikh SJ. Chemical composition of soil-associated ash from the southern California Thomas Fire and its potential inhalation risks to farmworkers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 278:111570. [PMID: 33129023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing frequency and severity of wildfires poses human health risks, especially for those within burnt regions. The potential health effects of fire ash on farmworkers in orchards via inhalation exposure after fire is rarely studied. After the 2017 Thomas Fire, in Ventura County (California, USA), fire ash and corresponding soil samples were collected from several impacted orchards and analyzed for eight trace elements (TEs) and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Results indicate that except for mercury (Hg), the concentrations of TEs and PAHs were higher in ash samples compared with the corresponding soil samples. In general, ash samples showed greater potential to expose farmworkers to health risks than the corresponding soil samples. One site had particularly high concentrations of As (778 mg kg-1), Cr (629 mg kg-1), and Cu (499 mg kg-1) in the ash. This location corresponds to a house which was burned during the Thomas Fire, which might have contained chromated copper arsenate as a wood preservative. Therefore, the existence of construction materials in orchards could add hazardous materials to ash deposited on soil. Furthermore, a monitored dust generation experiment was designed to obtain the particle emission factors (PEF) of soil and ash, which is an essential parameter for the calculation of inhalation health risks. A two-fold difference in the PEFs was found between ash and the corresponding soil sample. Hence, health risks through inhalation exposure from fire ash may be underestimated if the default PEF suggested by the US Environmental Protection Agency is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wan
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Chongyang Li
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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19
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FIRED (Fire Events Delineation): An Open, Flexible Algorithm and Database of US Fire Events Derived from the MODIS Burned Area Product (2001–2019). REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12213498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing the fire data revolution, i.e., the abundance of information from satellites, government records, social media, and human health sources, now requires complex and challenging data integration approaches. Defining fire events is key to that effort. In order to understand the spatial and temporal characteristics of fire, or the classic fire regime concept, we need to critically define fire events from remote sensing data. Events, fundamentally a geographic concept with delineated spatial and temporal boundaries around a specific phenomenon that is homogenous in some property, are key to understanding fire regimes and more importantly how they are changing. Here, we describe Fire Events Delineation (FIRED), an event-delineation algorithm, that has been used to derive fire events (N = 51,871) from the MODIS MCD64 burned area product for the coterminous US (CONUS) from January 2001 to May 2019. The optimized spatial and temporal parameters to cluster burned area pixels into events were an 11-day window and a 5-pixel (2315 m) distance, when optimized against 13,741 wildfire perimeters in the CONUS from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity record. The linear relationship between the size of individual FIRED and Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) events for the CONUS was strong (R2 = 0.92 for all events). Importantly, this algorithm is open-source and flexible, allowing the end user to modify the spatio-temporal threshold or even the underlying algorithm approach as they see fit. We expect the optimized criteria to vary across regions, based on regional distributions of fire event size and rate of spread. We describe the derived metrics provided in a new national database and how they can be used to better understand US fire regimes. The open, flexible FIRED algorithm could be utilized to derive events in any satellite product. We hope that this open science effort will help catalyze a community-driven, data-integration effort (termed OneFire) to build a more complete picture of fire.
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20
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Nagy RC, Fusco EJ, Balch JK, Finn JT, Mahood A, Allen JM, Bradley BA. A synthesis of the effects of cheatgrass invasion on US Great Basin carbon storage. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily J. Fusco
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA
| | - Jennifer K. Balch
- Earth Lab University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
- Department of Geography University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - John T. Finn
- Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA
| | - Adam Mahood
- Earth Lab University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
- Department of Geography University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - Jenica M. Allen
- Miller Worley Center for the Environment Mount Holyoke College South Hadley MA USA
| | - Bethany A. Bradley
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA
- Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA
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21
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Sáenz de Miera LE, Pinto R, Gutierrez-Gonzalez JJ, Calvo L, Ansola G. Wildfire effects on diversity and composition in soil bacterial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138636. [PMID: 32320886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the Mediterranean area has witnessed an increase of both the frequency and severity of large fires, which appears to be intimately associated with climate and land use changes. To measure the impact of wildfires on living organisms, diverse indicators have been proposed. These indicators of fire severity traditionally rely on quantifying the damage caused to the vegetal component of ecosystems. However, the use of bacterial communities as severity indicators has received less attention. Here, we studied the differences between bacterial communities of three different Mediterranean ecosystems, two shrubby and one arboreal, two months after a large wildfire. Two levels of severity were compared to a control unburnt soil. The results showed that greater fire severity triggers a reduction in the diversity of soil bacterial communities. In high-severity fires, this reduction reached 40.6 and 58.6% of the control values for richness and Shannon's diversity, respectively. We also found that the greatest differences between communities could be attributed first to the severity of the fire, and second to the ecosystem from which they originated. Importantly, species of just five families of bacteria: Oxalobacteraceae, Micrococcaceae, Paenibacillaceae, Bacillaceae and Planococcaceae, became dominant in all three ecosystems. The average frequency increase for particular species was 100 times. However, due to random uncontrolled factors, the species that became dominant in each community were not always the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Sáenz de Miera
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Rayo Pinto
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | | | - Leonor Calvo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Gemma Ansola
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain.
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22
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Barga SC, Olwell P, Edwards F, Prescott L, Leger EA. Seeds of Success: A conservation and restoration investment in the future of U.S.lands. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Barga
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Nevada, Reno Reno Nevada USA
- United States Department of Agriculture Forest ServiceRocky Mountain Research Station Boise Idaho USA
| | - Peggy Olwell
- Plant Conservation and Restoration Program, Bureau of Land Management Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Fred Edwards
- Plant Conservation and Restoration Program, Bureau of Land Management Washington District of Columbia USA
- Bureau of Land Management Reno Nevada USA
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23
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Ellsworth LM, Kauffman JB, Reis SA, Sapsis D, Moseley K. Repeated fire altered succession and increased fire behavior in basin big sagebrush–native perennial grasslands. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Ellsworth
- Fisheries and Wildlife Department Oregon State University 104 Nash Hall Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - J. Boone Kauffman
- Fisheries and Wildlife Department Oregon State University 104 Nash Hall Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Schyler A. Reis
- Fisheries and Wildlife Department Oregon State University 104 Nash Hall Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - David Sapsis
- California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection Fire and Resource Assessment Program PO Box 944246 Sacramento California 94244 USA
| | - Kendra Moseley
- United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service 430 G Street, #4164 Davis California 95616 USA
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24
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Wood DJA, Seipel T, Irvine KM, Rew LJ, Stoy PC. Fire and development influences on sagebrush community plant groups across a climate gradient in northern Nevada. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David J. A. Wood
- U.S. Geological Survey Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center Bozeman Montana 59715 USA
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Tim Seipel
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Kathryn M. Irvine
- U.S. Geological Survey Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center Bozeman Montana 59715 USA
| | - Lisa J. Rew
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Paul C. Stoy
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
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25
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Barker BS, Pilliod DS, Rigge M, Homer CG. Pre‐fire vegetation drives post‐fire outcomes in sagebrush ecosystems: evidence from field and remote sensing data. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany S. Barker
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center US Geological Survey Boise Idaho 83706 USA
- Integrated Plant Protection Center and Department of Horticulture Oregon State University 2040 Cordley Hall Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - David S. Pilliod
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center US Geological Survey Boise Idaho 83706 USA
| | - Matthew Rigge
- Earth Resources Observation and Science Center AFDS, contractor to the US Geological Survey Sioux Falls South Dakota 57198 USA
| | - Collin G. Homer
- Earth Resources Observation and Science Center US Geological Survey Sioux Falls South Dakota 57198 USA
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