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Liu K, Han B. Role of immune cells in the pathogenesis of myocarditis. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:253-275. [PMID: 37949833 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory heart disease that mostly affects young people. Myocarditis involves a complex immune network; however, its detailed pathogenesis is currently unclear. The diversity and plasticity of immune cells, either in the peripheral blood or in the heart, have been partially revealed in a number of previous studies involving patients and several kinds of animal models with myocarditis. It is the complexity of immune cells, rather than one cell type that is the culprit. Thus, recognizing the individual intricacies within immune cells in the context of myocarditis pathogenesis and finding the key intersection of the immune network may help in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. With the vast amount of cell data gained on myocarditis and the recent application of single-cell sequencing, we summarize the multiple functions of currently recognized key immune cells in the pathogenesis of myocarditis to provide an immune background for subsequent investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Liu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Cheeloo Colledge of Medicine, No. 324 Jingwu Road, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Cheeloo Colledge of Medicine, No. 324 Jingwu Road, 250021, Jinan, China
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, 250021, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Children' s Health and Disease office, No. 324 Jingwu Road, 250021, Jinan, China
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2
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Collini V, Burelli M, Favaretto V, Pegolo E, Fumarola F, Lepre V, Pellin L, Taurian M, Quartuccio L, Imazio M, Sinagra G. Eosinophilic myocarditis: comprehensive update on pathophysiology, diagnosis, prognosis and management. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2023; 71:535-552. [PMID: 37161920 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.23.06287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypereosinophilic syndromes are a group of disorders secondary to the accumulation of eosinophils leading to the injury of one or more organs. Among them, eosinophilic myocarditis (EM) is a rare form of inflammatory cardiomyopathy characterized by eosinophilic infiltration into myocardial tissue and subsequent release of substances with cell membrane damage and cell destruction. The degree of infiltration is thought to depend on the underlying condition, as well as the degree and duration of eosinophil exposure and ranges from mild localized disease to diffuse multifocal infiltrates associated with myocardial necrosis, thrombotic complications and endomyocardial fibrosis. The main causes of EM are hypersensitivity reactions, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, hypereosinophilic syndrome variants, infections and cancer. Clinical presentation can be variable, ranging from asymptomatic forms to life-threatening conditions, to chronic heart failure due to progression to chronic restrictive cardiomyopathy. Marked eosinophilia in peripheral blood, elevated serum eosinophilic cationic protein concentration and multimodality imaging may suggest the etiology of EM, but in most cases an endomyocardial biopsy must be performed to establish a definitive diagnosis. Systemic treatment varies greatly depending on the underlying cause, however the evidence of an eosinophilic infiltrate allows initiation of immunosuppressive therapy, which is the mainstay of treatment in idiopathic and in most forms of EM. Patients with helminthic infection benefit from anti-parasitic therapy, those with myeloid clone often need a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, while anticoagulant therapy should be undertaken in case of possible thrombotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Collini
- Unit of Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy -
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy -
| | - Massimo Burelli
- Unit of Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Virginia Favaretto
- Unit of Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Enrico Pegolo
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University Hospital of Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesca Fumarola
- Unit of Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Veronica Lepre
- Unit of Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lisa Pellin
- Unit of Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Taurian
- Unit of Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Quartuccio
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Massimo Imazio
- Unit of Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Wang Z, Xu H, Chen M, Lu Y, Zheng L, Ma L. CCL24/CCR3 axis plays a central role in angiotensin II-induced heart failure by stimulating M2 macrophage polarization and fibroblast activation. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1413-1431. [PMID: 36131165 PMCID: PMC10425496 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of pleiotropic chemokine CCL24 in heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Compared with normal donators, the expression of CCL24 and number of cardiac M2 macrophages in heart were higher in heart failure patients, the same as plasma CCL24. Treatment with CCL24 antibody hindered Ang II (1500 ng/kg/min)-induced cardiac adverse remodeling through preventing cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. RNA-seq showed that CCL24/CCR3 axis was involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Single-cell analysis of cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) revealed that CCL24 antibody decreased the M2 macrophage and monocyte polarization during Ang II stimulation. Immunofluorescence co-localization analysis confirmed the expression of CCR3 in macrophage and fibroblasts. Then, in vitro experiments confirmed that CCL24/CCR3 axis was also involved in cardiac primary fibroblast activation through its G protein-coupled receptor function. CONCLUSION CCL24/CCR3 axis plays a crucial part in cardiac remodeling by stimulating M2 macrophage polarization and cardiac fibroblast activation. Cardiac M2 macrophages, CCL24 and circulation CCL24 increased in heart failure patients. Treatment with CCL24 Ab hindered Ang II induced cardiac structural dysfunction and electrical remodeling. In CCL24 Ab group RNA-seq found that it was related to immune responses and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, CytoF revealed M2 macrophages and monocytes decreased obviously. In vitro,CCL24 promoted activation and migration of cardiac fibroblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangrong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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Yip F, Lai B, Yang D. Role of Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Immune Responses in the Transition from Myocarditis to Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097717. [PMID: 37175422 PMCID: PMC10178405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiac disease marked by the stretching and thinning of the heart muscle and impaired left ventricular contractile function. While most patients do not develop significant cardiac diseases from myocarditis, disparate immune responses can affect pathological outcomes, including DCM progression. These altered immune responses, which may be caused by genetic variance, can prolong cytotoxicity, induce direct cleavage of host protein, or encourage atypical wound healing responses that result in tissue scarring and impaired mechanical and electrical heart function. However, it is unclear which alterations within host immune profiles are crucial to dictating the outcomes of myocarditis. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a well-studied virus that has been identified as a causal agent of myocarditis in various models, along with other viruses such as adenovirus, parvovirus B19, and SARS-CoV-2. This paper takes CVB3 as a pathogenic example to review the recent advances in understanding virus-induced immune responses and differential gene expression that regulates iron, lipid, and glucose metabolic remodeling, the severity of cardiac tissue damage, and the development of DCM and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fione Yip
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
- The Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Brian Lai
- The Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Decheng Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
- The Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
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Kyaw T, Drummond G, Bobik A, Peter K. Myocarditis: causes, mechanisms, and evolving therapies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:225-238. [PMID: 36946552 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2193330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocarditis is a severe lymphocyte-mediated inflammatory disorder of the heart, mostly caused by viruses and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Recently, myocarditis as a rare adverse event of mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 has caused global attention. The clinical consequences of myocarditis can be very severe, but specific treatment options are lacking or not yet clinically proven. AREAS COVERED This paper offers a brief overview of the biology of viruses that frequently cause myocarditis, focusing on mechanisms important for viral entry and replication following host infection. Current and new potential therapeutic targets/strategies especially for viral myocarditis are reviewed systematically. In particular, the immune system in myocarditis is dissected with respect to infective viral and non-infective, ICI-induced myocarditis. EXPERT OPINION Vaccination is an excellent emerging preventative strategy for viral myocarditis, but most vaccines still require further development. Anti-viral treatments that inhibit viral replication need to be considered following viral infection in host myocardium, as lower viral load reduces inflammation severity. Understanding how the immune system continues to damage the heart even after viral clearance will define novel therapeutic targets/strategies. We propose that viral myocarditis can be best treated using a combination of antiviral agents and immunotherapies that control cytotoxic T cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Grant Drummond
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
- Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University Melbourne Australia
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Meeting the Challenges of Myocarditis: New Opportunities for Prevention, Detection, and Intervention—A Report from the 2021 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195721. [PMID: 36233593 PMCID: PMC9571285 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) convened a workshop of international experts to discuss new research opportunities for the prevention, detection, and intervention of myocarditis in May 2021. These experts reviewed the current state of science and identified key gaps and opportunities in basic, diagnostic, translational, and therapeutic frontiers to guide future research in myocarditis. In addition to addressing community-acquired myocarditis, the workshop also focused on emerging causes of myocarditis including immune checkpoint inhibitors and SARS-CoV-2 related myocardial injuries and considered the use of systems biology and artificial intelligence methodologies to define workflows to identify novel mechanisms of disease and new therapeutic targets. A new priority is the investigation of the relationship between social determinants of health (SDoH), including race and economic status, and inflammatory response and outcomes in myocarditis. The result is a proposal for the reclassification of myocarditis that integrates the latest knowledge of immunological pathogenesis to refine estimates of prognosis and target pathway-specific treatments.
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Hailu FT, Karimpour-Fard A, Toni LS, Bristow MR, Miyamoto SD, Stauffer BL, Sucharov CC. Integrated analysis of miRNA-mRNA interaction in pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:98-108. [PMID: 34012027 PMCID: PMC8602449 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short single-stranded nucleotides that can regulate gene expression. Although we previously evaluated the expression of miRNAs in pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) by miRNA array, pathway prediction based on changes in mRNA expression has not been previously analyzed in this population. The current study aimed to determine the regulation of miRNA expression by miRNA-sequencing (miRNA-seq) and, through miRNA-sequencing (mRNA-seq), analyze their putative target genes and altered pathways in pediatric DCM hearts. METHODS miRNA expression was determined by miRNA-seq [n = 10 non-failing (NF), n = 20 DCM]. Expression of a subset of miRNAs was evaluated in adult DCM patients (n = 11 NF, n = 13 DCM). miRNA-mRNA prediction analysis was performed using mRNA-seq data (n = 7 NF, n = 7 DCM) from matched samples. RESULTS Expression of 393 miRNAs was significantly different (p < 0.05) in pediatric DCM patients compared to NF controls. TargetScan-based miRNA-mRNA analysis revealed 808 significantly inversely expressed genes. Functional analysis suggests upregulated pathways related to the regulation of stem cell differentiation and cardiac muscle contraction, and downregulated pathways related to the regulation of protein phosphorylation, signal transduction, and cell communication. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated a unique age-dependent regulation of miRNAs and their putative target genes, which may contribute to distinctive phenotypic characteristics of DCM in children. IMPACT This is the first study to compare miRNA expression in the heart of pediatric DCM patients to age-matched healthy controls by RNA sequencing. Expression of a subset of miRNAs is uniquely dysregulated in children. Using mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq from matched samples, target prediction was performed. This study underscores the importance of pediatric-focused studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frehiwet T Hailu
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Lee S Toni
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael R Bristow
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Shelley D Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Carmen C Sucharov
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Mamtimin M, Pinarci A, Han C, Braun A, Anders HJ, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Extracellular DNA Traps: Origin, Function and Implications for Anti-Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:869706. [PMID: 35574410 PMCID: PMC9092261 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.869706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular DNA may serve as marker in liquid biopsies to determine individual diagnosis and prognosis in cancer patients. Cell death or active release from various cell types, including immune cells can result in the release of DNA into the extracellular milieu. Neutrophils are important components of the innate immune system, controlling pathogens through phagocytosis and/or the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs also promote tumor progression and metastasis, by modulating angiogenesis, anti-tumor immunity, blood clotting and inflammation and providing a supportive niche for metastasizing cancer cells. Besides neutrophils, other immune cells such as eosinophils, dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, mast cells, basophils and lymphocytes can also form extracellular traps (ETs) during cancer progression, indicating possible multiple origins of extracellular DNA in cancer. In this review, we summarize the pathomechanisms of ET formation generated by different cell types, and analyze these processes in the context of cancer. We also critically discuss potential ET-inhibiting agents, which may open new therapeutic strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medina Mamtimin
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Akif Pinarci
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Chao Han
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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AAV9-mediated functional screening for cardioprotective cytokines in Coxsackievirus-B3-induced myocarditis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7304. [PMID: 35508525 PMCID: PMC9067557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral myocarditis (VM) is an important cause of heart failure (HF) in children and adults. However, the molecular determinants involved in cardiac inflammation and cardiomyocyte necrosis remain poorly characterized, and cardioprotective molecules are currently missing. Here, we applied an in vivo method based on the functional selection (FunSel) of cardioprotective factors using AAV vectors for the unbiased identification of novel immunomodulatory molecules in a Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis mouse model. Two consecutive rounds of in vivo FunSel using an expression library of 60 cytokines were sufficient to identify five cardioprotective factors (IL9, IL3, IL4, IL13, IL15). The screening also revealed three cytokines (IL18, IL17b, and CCL11) that were counter-selected and likely to exert a detrimental effect. The pooled overexpression of the five most enriched cytokines using AAV9 vectors decreased inflammation and reduced cardiac dilatation, persisting at 1 month after treatment. Individual overexpression of IL9, the top ranking in our functional selection, markedly reduced cardiac inflammation and injury, concomitant with an increase of anti-inflammatory Th2-cells and a reduction of pro-inflammatory Th17- and Th22-cells at 14 days post-infection. AAV9-mediated FunSel cardiac screening identified IL9 and other four cytokines (IL3, IL4, IL13, and IL15) as cardioprotective factors in CVB3-induced VM in mice.
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Clavere NG, Alqallaf A, Rostron KA, Parnell A, Mitchell R, Patel K, Boateng SY. Inhibition of activin A receptor signalling attenuates age-related pathological cardiac remodelling. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:275323. [PMID: 35380160 PMCID: PMC9118092 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the heart, ageing is associated with DNA damage, oxidative stress, fibrosis and activation of the activin signalling pathway, leading to cardiac dysfunction. The cardiac effects of activin signalling blockade in progeria are unknown. This study investigated the cardiac effects of progeria induced by attenuated levels of Ercc1, which is required for DNA excision and repair, and the impact of activin signalling blockade using a soluble activin receptor type IIB (sActRIIB). DNA damage and oxidative stress were significantly increased in Ercc1Δ/− hearts, but were reduced by sActRIIB treatment. sActRIIB treatment improved cardiac systolic function and induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in Ercc1Δ/− hearts. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that in Ercc1Δ/− hearts, there was an increase in pro-oxidant and a decrease in antioxidant gene expression, whereas sActRIIB treatment reversed this effect. Ercc1Δ/− hearts also expressed higher levels of anti-hypertrophic genes and decreased levels of pro-hypertrophic ones, which were also reversed by sActRIIB treatment. These results show for the first time that inhibition of activin A receptor signalling attenuates cardiac dysfunction, pathological tissue remodelling and gene expression in Ercc1-deficient mice and presents a potentially novel therapeutic target for heart diseases. Summary: Attenuated DNA repair is associated with pathological cardiac remodelling and gene expression. Much of this phenotype is attenuated by inhibition of the activin signalling pathway using soluble activin receptor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas G Clavere
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Ali Alqallaf
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Kerry A Rostron
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrew Parnell
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Robert Mitchell
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Ketan Patel
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Samuel Y Boateng
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
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11
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Xuan Y, Chen C, Wen Z, Wang DW. The Roles of Cardiac Fibroblasts and Endothelial Cells in Myocarditis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:882027. [PMID: 35463742 PMCID: PMC9022788 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.882027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In myocarditis caused by various etiologies, activated immune cells and the immune regulatory factors released by them play important roles. But in this complex microenvironment, non-immune cells and non-cardiomyocytes in the heart, such as cardiomyocytes (CMs), cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and endothelial cells (ECs), play the role of “sentinel”, amplify inflammation, and interact with the cardiomyocytes. The complex interactions between them are rarely paid attention to. This review will re-examine the functions of CFs and ECs in the pathological conditions of myocarditis and their direct and indirect interactions with CMs, in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of myocarditis and better guide the drug development and clinical treatment of myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunling Xuan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng Wen
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
- Dao Wen Wang
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12
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Lasrado N, Borcherding N, Arumugam R, Starr TK, Reddy J. Dissecting the cellular landscape and transcriptome network in viral myocarditis by single-cell RNA sequencing. iScience 2022; 25:103865. [PMID: 35243228 PMCID: PMC8861636 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis is commonly employed to study viral pathogenesis in mice. Chronically affected mice may develop dilated cardiomyopathy, which may involve the mediation of immune and nonimmune cells. To dissect this complexity, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on heart cells from healthy and myocarditic mice, leading us to note significant proportions of myeloid cells, T cells, and fibroblasts. Although the transcriptomes of myeloid cells were mainly of M2 phenotype, the Th17 cells, CTLs, and Treg cells had signatures critical for cytotoxic functions. Fibroblasts were heterogeneous expressing genes important in fibrosis and regulation of inflammation and immune responses. The intercellular communication networks revealed unique interactions and signaling pathways in the cardiac cellulome, whereas myeloid cells and T cells had upregulated unique transcription factors modulating cardiac remodeling functions. Together, our data suggest that M2 cells, T cells, and fibroblasts may cooperatively or independently participate in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninaad Lasrado
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Rajkumar Arumugam
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Timothy K. Starr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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13
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Won T, Gilotra NA, Wood MK, Hughes DM, Talor MV, Lovell J, Milstone AM, Steenbergen C, Čiháková D. Increased Interleukin 18-Dependent Immune Responses Are Associated With Myopericarditis After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:851620. [PMID: 35251049 PMCID: PMC8894592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.851620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis and myopericarditis may occur after COVID-19 vaccination with an incidence of two to twenty cases per 100,000 individuals, but underlying mechanisms related to disease onset and progression remain unclear. Here, we report a case of myopericarditis following the first dose of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine in a young man who had a history of mild COVID-19 three months before vaccination. The patient presented with chest pain, elevated troponin I level, and electrocardiogram abnormality. His endomyocardial biopsy revealed diffuse CD68+ cell infiltration. We characterized the immune profile of the patient using multiplex cytokine assay and flow cytometry analysis. Sex-matched vaccinated individuals and healthy individuals were used as controls. IL-18 and IL-27, Th1-type cytokines, were highly increased in the patient with COVID-19 vaccine-related myopericarditis compared with vaccinated controls who experienced no cardiac complications. In the patient, circulating NK cells and T cells showed an activated phenotype and mRNA profile, and monocytes expressed increased levels of IL-18 and its upstream NLRP3 inflammasome. We found that recombinant IL-18 administration into mice caused mild cardiac dysfunction and activation of NK cells and T cells in the hearts, similar to the findings in the patient with myopericarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Collectively, myopericarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination may be associated with increased IL-18-mediated immune responses and cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejoon Won
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nisha Aggarwal Gilotra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Megan Kay Wood
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Matthew Hughes
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Monica Vladut Talor
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jana Lovell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aaron Michael Milstone
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Charles Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniela Čiháková, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-8713-2860
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14
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Nicin L, Wagner JUG, Luxán G, Dimmeler S. Fibroblast-mediated intercellular crosstalk in the healthy and diseased heart. FEBS Lett 2021; 596:638-654. [PMID: 34787896 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts constitute a major cell population in the heart. They secrete extracellular matrix components and various other factors shaping the microenvironment of the heart. In silico analysis of intercellular communication based on single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that fibroblasts are the source of the majority of outgoing signals to other cell types. This observation suggests that fibroblasts play key roles in orchestrating cellular interactions that maintain organ homeostasis but that can also contribute to disease states. Here, we will review the current knowledge of fibroblast interactions in the healthy, diseased, and aging heart. We focus on the interactions that fibroblasts establish with other cells of the heart, specifically cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and immune cells, and particularly those relying on paracrine, electrical, and exosomal communication modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Nicin
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julian U G Wagner
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Guillermo Luxán
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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15
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Qian N, Gao Y, Wang J, Wang Y. Emerging role of interleukin-13 in cardiovascular diseases: A ray of hope. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5351-5357. [PMID: 33943014 PMCID: PMC8184673 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the great progress made in the treatment for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the morbidity and mortality of CVDs remains high due to the lack of effective treatment strategy. Inflammation is a central pathophysiological feature of the heart in response to both acute and chronic injury, while the molecular basis and underlying mechanisms remains obscure. Interleukin (IL)-13, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been known as a critical mediator in allergy and asthma. Recent studies appraise the role of IL-13 in CVDs, revealing that IL-13 is not only involved in more obvious cardiac inflammatory diseases such as myocarditis but also relevant to acute or chronic CVDs of other origins, such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. The goal of this review is to summarize the advancement in our knowledge of the regulations and functions of IL-13 in CVDs and to discuss the possible mechanisms of IL-13 involved in CVDs. We highlight that IL-13 may be a promising target for immunotherapy in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjing Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian'an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Rios-Navarro C, Dios ED, Forteza MJ, Bodi V. Unraveling the thread of uncontrolled immune response in COVID-19 and STEMI: an emerging need for knowledge sharing. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2240-H2254. [PMID: 33844596 PMCID: PMC8384574 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00934.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that first emerged in Wuhan in December 2019 has resulted in the devastating pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019, creating an emerging need for knowledge sharing. Meanwhile, myocardial infarction is and will probably remain the foremost cause of death in the Western world throughout the coming decades. Severe deregulation of the immune system can unnecessarily expand the inflammatory response and participate in target and multiple organ failure, in infection but also in critical illness. Indeed, the course and fate of inflammatory cells observed in severe ST-elevation myocardial infarction (neutrophilia, monocytosis, and lymphopenia) almost perfectly mirror those recently reported in severe coronavirus disease 2019. A pleiotropic proinflammatory imbalance hampers adaptive immunity in favor of uncontrolled innate immunity and is associated with poorer structural and clinical outcomes. The goal of the present review is to gain greater insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this canonical activation and downregulation of the two arms of the immune response in both entities, to better understand their pathophysiology and to open the door to innovative therapeutic options. Knowledge sharing can pave the way for therapies with the potential to significantly reduce mortality in both infectious and noninfectious scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Rios-Navarro
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena de Dios
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cardiovascular, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria J Forteza
- Department of Medicine, Center of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vicente Bodi
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cardiovascular, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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17
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Innate Lymphoid Cells Play a Pathogenic Role in Pericarditis. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2989-3003.e6. [PMID: 32130902 PMCID: PMC7332109 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We find that cardiac group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are essential for the development of IL-33-induced eosinophilic pericarditis. We show a pathogenic role for ILC2s in cardiac inflammation, in which ILC2s activated by IL-33 drive the development of eosinophilic pericarditis in collaboration with cardiac fibroblasts. ILCs, not T and B cells, are required for the development of pericarditis. ILC2s transferred to the heart of Rag2-/-Il2rg-/- mice restore their susceptibility to eosinophil infiltration. Moreover, ILC2s direct cardiac fibroblasts to produce eotaxin-1. We also find that eosinophils reside in the mediastinal cavity and that eosinophils transferred to the mediastinal cavity of eosinophil-deficient ΔdblGATA1 mice following IL-33 treatment migrate to the heart. Thus, the serous cavities may serve as a reservoir of cardiac-infiltrating eosinophils. In humans, patients with pericarditis show higher amounts of ILCs in pericardial fluid than do healthy controls and patients with other cardiac diseases. We demonstrate that ILCs play a critical role in pericarditis.
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18
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Li S, Liu F, Pei Y, Dong Y, Shang Y. Parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor regulates osteosarcoma K7M2 Cell growth by interacting with angiotensinogen. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2841-2850. [PMID: 33511766 PMCID: PMC7957183 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the interactions between parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTHR1) and angiotensinogen (AGT) and the effects of these agents on osteosarcoma (OS). We constructed a stably transfected mouse OS K7M2 cell line (shPTHR1- K7M2) using shRNA and knocked down AGT in these cells using siRNA-AGT. The transfection efficiency and expression of AGT, chemokine C-C motif receptor 3 (CCR3), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 9 (CCL9) were determined using real-time quantitative PCR. Cell viability and colony formation were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 and crystal violet staining, respectively. Cell apoptosis and cycle phases were assessed by flow cytometry, and cell migration and invasion were evaluated using Transwell assays. Interference with PTHR1 upregulated the expression of AGT and CCR3, and downregulated that of CCL9, which was further downregulated by AGT knockdown. Cell viability, migration, invasion and colony formation were significantly decreased, while cell apoptosis was significantly increased in shPTHR1-K7M2, compared with those in K7M2 cells (P < .05 for all). However, AGT knockdown further inhibited cell viability after 72 h of culture but promoted cell migration and invasion. PTHR1 interference decreased and increased the numbers of cells in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases, respectively, compared with those in K7M2 cells. Angiotensinogen knockdown increased the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase compared with that in the shPTHR1-K7M2 cells. Therefore, PTHR1 affects cell viability, apoptosis, migration, invasion and colony formation, possibly by regulating AGT/CCL9 in OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor SurgeryLiaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteCancer Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor SurgeryLiaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteCancer Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yi Pei
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor SurgeryLiaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteCancer Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yujin Dong
- Department of Hand and Foot SurgeryDalian Municipal Center Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yaohua Shang
- Department of Hand and Foot SurgeryDalian Municipal Center Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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19
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Sun K, Li YY, Jin J. A double-edged sword of immuno-microenvironment in cardiac homeostasis and injury repair. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:79. [PMID: 33612829 PMCID: PMC7897720 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of immune cells in cardiac injury is divided into three continuous phases: inflammation, proliferation and maturation. The kinetics of the inflammatory and proliferation phases directly influence the tissue repair. In cardiac homeostasis, cardiac tissue resident macrophages (cTMs) phagocytose bacteria and apoptotic cells. Meanwhile, NK cells prevent the maturation and transport of inflammatory cells. After cardiac injury, cTMs phagocytose the dead cardiomyocytes (CMs), regulate the proliferation and angiogenesis of cardiac progenitor cells. NK cells prevent the cardiac fibrosis, and promote vascularization and angiogenesis. Type 1 macrophages trigger the cardioprotective responses and promote tissue fibrosis in the early stage. Reversely, type 2 macrophages promote cardiac remodeling and angiogenesis in the late stage. Circulating macrophages and neutrophils firstly lead to chronic inflammation by secreting proinflammatory cytokines, and then release anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, which regulate cardiac remodeling. In this process, dendritic cells (DCs) mediate the regulation of monocyte and macrophage recruitment. Recruited eosinophils and Mast cells (MCs) release some mediators which contribute to coronary vasoconstriction, leukocyte recruitment, formation of new blood vessels, scar formation. In adaptive immunity, effector T cells, especially Th17 cells, lead to the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis, including the distal fibrosis and scar formation. CMs protectors, Treg cells, inhibit reduce the inflammatory response, then directly trigger the regeneration of local progenitor cell via IL-10. B cells reduce myocardial injury by preserving cardiac function during the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Sun
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Jin Jin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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20
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Lee SH, Chaves MM, Kamenyeva O, Gazzinelli-Guimaraes PH, Kang B, Pessenda G, Passelli K, Tacchini-Cottier F, Kabat J, Jacobsen EA, Nutman TB, Sacks DL. M2-like, dermal macrophages are maintained via IL-4/CCL24-mediated cooperative interaction with eosinophils in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/46/eaaz4415. [PMID: 32276966 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaz4415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) maintain tissue homeostasis, but they can also provide a replicative niche for intracellular pathogens such as Leishmania How dermal TRMs proliferate and maintain their M2 properties even in the strong TH1 environment of the L. major infected dermis is not clear. Here, we show that, in infected mice lacking IL-4/13 from eosinophils, dermal TRMs shifted to a proinflammatory state, their numbers declined, and disease was attenuated. Intravital microscopy revealed a rapid infiltration of eosinophils followed by their tight interaction with dermal TRMs. IL-4-stimulated dermal TRMs, in concert with IL-10, produced a large amount of CCL24, which functioned to amplify eosinophil influx and their interaction with dermal TRMs. An intraperitoneal helminth infection model also demonstrated a requirement for eosinophil-derived IL-4 to maintain tissue macrophages through a CCL24-mediated amplification loop. CCL24 secretion was confined to resident macrophages in other tissues, implicating eosinophil-TRM cooperative interactions in diverse inflammatory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mariana M Chaves
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olena Kamenyeva
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pedro H Gazzinelli-Guimaraes
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Byunghyun Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gabriela Pessenda
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Katiuska Passelli
- Department of Biochemistry and World Health Organization Immunology Research and Training Collaborative Center, University of Lausanne, chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Tacchini-Cottier
- Department of Biochemistry and World Health Organization Immunology Research and Training Collaborative Center, University of Lausanne, chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, SC Johnson Medical Research Center, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Thomas B Nutman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David L Sacks
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Several members of the chemokine family are involved in regulation of fibrosis. This review manuscript discusses the role of the chemokines in the pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis. The CC chemokine CCL2 exerts fibrogenic actions through recruitment and activation of monocytes and macrophages expressing its receptor, CCR2. Other CC chemokines may also contribute to fibrotic remodeling by recruiting subsets of fibrogenic macrophages. CXC chemokines containing the ELR motif may exert pro-fibrotic actions, through recruitment of activated neutrophils and subsequent formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), or via activation of fibrogenic monocytes. CXCL12 has also been suggested to exert fibrogenic actions through effects on fibroblasts and immune cells. In contrast, the CXCR3 ligand CXCL10 was found to reduce cardiac fibrosis, inhibiting fibroblast migration. Chemokines are critical links between inflammation and fibrosis in myocardial disease and may be promising therapeutic targets for patients with heart failure accompanied by prominent inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshui Li
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
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22
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IL-33 induces type-2-cytokine phenotype but exacerbates cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction with eosinophil recruitment, worsened systolic dysfunction, and ventricular wall rupture. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1191-1218. [PMID: 32432676 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Interleukin (IL)-33 (IL-33) is a cytokine present in most cardiac cells and is secreted on necrosis where it acts as a functional ligand for the ST2 receptor. Although IL-33/ST2 axis is protective against various forms of cardiovascular diseases, some studies suggest potential detrimental roles for IL-33 signaling. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of IL-33 administration on cardiac function post-MI in mice. MI was induced by coronary artery ligation. Mice were treated with IL-33 (1 μg/day) or vehicle for 4 and 7 days. Functional and molecular changes of the left ventricle (LV) were assessed. Single cell suspensions were obtained from bone marrow, heart, spleen, and peripheral blood to assess the immune cells using flow cytometry at 1, 3, and 7 days post-MI in IL-33 or vehicle-treated animals. The results of the present study suggest that IL-33 is effective in activating a type 2 cytokine milieu in the damaged heart, consistent with reduced early inflammatory and pro-fibrotic response. However, IL-33 administration was associated with worsened cardiac function and adverse cardiac remodeling in the MI mouse model. IL-33 administration increased infarct size, LV hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte death, and overall mortality rate due to cardiac rupture. Moreover, IL-33-treated MI mice displayed a significant myocardial eosinophil infiltration at 7 days post-MI when compared with vehicle-treated MI mice. The present study reveals that although IL-33 administration is associated with a reparative phenotype following MI, it worsens cardiac remodeling and promotes heart failure.
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23
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Toor IS, Rückerl D, Mair I, Ainsworth R, Meloni M, Spiroski AM, Benezech C, Felton JM, Thomson A, Caporali A, Keeble T, Tang KH, Rossi AG, Newby DE, Allen JE, Gray GA. Eosinophil Deficiency Promotes Aberrant Repair and Adverse Remodeling Following Acute Myocardial Infarction. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:665-681. [PMID: 32760855 PMCID: PMC7393409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction of both patients and mice, there was a decline in blood eosinophil count, with activated eosinophils recruited to the infarct zone. Eosinophil deficiency resulted in attenuated anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization, enhanced myocardial inflammation, increased scar size, and deterioration of myocardial structure and function. Adverse cardiac remodeling in the setting of eosinophil deficiency was prevented by interleukin-4 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal S. Toor
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dominik Rückerl
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Iris Mair
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Ainsworth
- Division of Pathology, Deanery of Molecular, Genetic and Population Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Meloni
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ana-Mishel Spiroski
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cecile Benezech
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M. Felton
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Thomson
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Caporali
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Keeble
- Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon and Thurrock Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kare H. Tang
- Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon and Thurrock Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano G. Rossi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Newby
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Judith E. Allen
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian A. Gray
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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24
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O'Brien M, Baicu CF, Van Laer AO, Zhang Y, McDonald LT, LaRue AC, Zile MR, Bradshaw AD. Pressure overload generates a cardiac-specific profile of inflammatory mediators. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H331-H340. [PMID: 32589444 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00274.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms that contribute to myocardial fibrosis, particularly in response to left ventricular pressure overload (LVPO), remain poorly defined. To test the hypothesis that a myocardial-specific profile of secreted factors is produced in response to PO, levels of 44 factors implicated in immune cell recruitment and function were assessed in a murine model of cardiac hypertrophy and compared with levels produced in a model of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Mice subjected to PO were assessed at 1 and 4 wk. Protein from plasma, LV, lungs, and kidneys were analyzed by specific protein array analysis in parallel with protein from mice subjected to silica-instilled PF. Of the 44 factors assessed, 13 proteins were elevated in 1-wk PO myocardium, whereas 18 proteins were found increased in fibrotic lung. Eight of those increased in 1-wk LVPO were not found to be increased in fibrotic lungs (CCL-11, CCL-12, CCL-17, CCL-19, CCL-21, CCL-22, IL-16, and VEGF). Additionally, six factors were increased in plasma of 1-wk LVPO in the absence of increases in myocardial levels. In contrast, in mice with PF, no factors were found increased in plasma that were not elevated in lung tissue. Of those factors increased at 1 wk, only TIMP-1 remained elevated at 4 wk of LVPO. Immunohistochemistry of myocardial vasculature at 1 and 4 wk revealed similar amounts of total vasculature; however, evidence of activated endothelium was observed at 1 wk and, to a lesser extent, at 4 wk LVPO. In conclusion, PO myocardium generated a unique signature of cytokine expression versus that of fibrotic lung.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Myocardial fibrosis and the resultant increases in myocardial stiffness represent pivotal consequences of chronic pressure overload (PO). In this study, cytokine profiles produced in a murine model of cardiac fibrosis induced by PO were compared with those produced in response to silica-induced lung fibrosis. A unique profile of cardiac tissue-specific and plasma-derived factors generated in response to PO are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O'Brien
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Catalin F Baicu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - An O Van Laer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lindsey T McDonald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Michael R Zile
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amy D Bradshaw
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
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25
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Jogdand P, Siddhuraj P, Mori M, Sanden C, Jönsson J, Walls AF, Kearley J, Humbles AA, Kolbeck R, Bjermer L, Newbold P, Erjefält JS. Eosinophils, basophils and type 2 immune microenvironments in COPD-affected lung tissue. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.00110-2019. [PMID: 32060064 PMCID: PMC7236868 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00110-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although elevated blood or sputum eosinophils are present in many patients with COPD, uncertainties remain regarding the anatomical distribution pattern of lung-infiltrating eosinophils. Basophils have remained virtually unexplored in COPD. This study mapped tissue-infiltrating eosinophils, basophils and eosinophil-promoting immune mechanisms in COPD-affected lungs. Surgical lung tissue and biopsies from major anatomical compartments were obtained from COPD patients with severity grades Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stages I–IV; never-smokers/smokers served as controls. Automated immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation identified immune cells, the type 2 immunity marker GATA3 and eotaxins (CCL11, CCL24). Eosinophils and basophils were present in all anatomical compartments of COPD-affected lungs and increased significantly in very severe COPD. The eosinophilia was strikingly patchy, and focal eosinophil-rich microenvironments were spatially linked with GATA3+ cells, including type 2 helper T-cell lymphocytes and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. A similarly localised and interleukin-33/ST2-dependent eosinophilia was demonstrated in influenza-infected mice. Both mice and patients displayed spatially confined eotaxin signatures with CCL11+ fibroblasts and CCL24+ macrophages. In addition to identifying tissue basophilia as a novel feature of advanced COPD, the identification of spatially confined eosinophil-rich type 2 microenvironments represents a novel type of heterogeneity in the immunopathology of COPD that is likely to have implications for personalised treatment. Highly localised Th2- and eosinophil-rich pockets were identified in COPD-affected lungs, which increased in number with increasing disease severity and included basophils. This exemplifies a novel type of heterogeneity in the immunopathology of COPD.http://bit.ly/2HexTco
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta Jogdand
- Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Michiko Mori
- Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Sanden
- Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Medetect AB, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Andrew F Walls
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Jennifer Kearley
- Dept of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Alison A Humbles
- Dept of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Roland Kolbeck
- Dept of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul Newbold
- Dept of Translational Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jonas S Erjefält
- Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden .,Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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26
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Li Y, Zhao Y, Qiu C, Yang Y, Liao G, Wu X, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Zhang R, Wang Z. Role of eotaxin-1/CCL11 in sepsis-induced myocardial injury in elderly patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4463-4473. [PMID: 32147601 PMCID: PMC7093174 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial injury is a serious complication of sepsis. The present study aimed to identify potential biomarkers of sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in patients and mice with sepsis-induced myocardial injury were identified via bioinformatic analysis. The identified DEG was tested in elderly patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury. We identified 19 co-expressed DEGs. The most significant DEG was eotaxin-1/CCL11. We enrolled 25 controls without infections and 28 patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Six of patients died within 30 days. Circulating eotaxin-1/CCL11 levels were significantly higher in patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury than controls and were higher in non-survivors than survivors (both P < 0.01). Eotaxin-1/CCL11 was positively correlated with troponin I (r=0.48, P=0.01), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP, r=0.44, P=0.02), and white blood cell (WBC) count (r=0.41, P=0.03). For the prediction of 30-day mortality, eotaxin-1/CCL11 had the greatest discriminatory ability (AUC 0.97) compared with troponin I (AUC 0.89), BNP (AUC 0.80), and WBC count (AUC 0.86). Taken together, eotaxin-1/CCL11 was upregulated in sepsis-injured myocardium and circulating eotaxin-1/CCL11 was a biomarker for predicting severity and mortality of elderly patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury. These results suggest that eotaxin-1/CCL11 may become a useful biomarkers and potential therapeutic target for sepsis-induced myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Youguang Zhao
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenming Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanrui Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Guihua Liao
- Department of Geriatrics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaowan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
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27
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Stienen S, Ferreira JP, Kobayashi M, Preud'homme G, Dobre D, Machu JL, Duarte K, Bresso E, Devignes MD, López N, Girerd N, Aakhus S, Ambrosio G, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Fontes-Carvalho R, Fraser AG, van Heerebeek L, Heymans S, de Keulenaer G, Marino P, McDonald K, Mebazaa A, Papp Z, Raddino R, Tschöpe C, Paulus WJ, Zannad F, Rossignol P. Enhanced clinical phenotyping by mechanistic bioprofiling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights from the MEDIA-DHF study (The Metabolic Road to Diastolic Heart Failure). Biomarkers 2020; 25:201-211. [PMID: 32063068 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1727015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous syndrome for which clear evidence of effective therapies is lacking. Understanding which factors determine this heterogeneity may be helped by better phenotyping. An unsupervised statistical approach applied to a large set of biomarkers may identify distinct HFpEF phenotypes.Methods: Relevant proteomic biomarkers were analyzed in 392 HFpEF patients included in Metabolic Road to Diastolic HF (MEDIA-DHF). We performed an unsupervised cluster analysis to define distinct phenotypes. Cluster characteristics were explored with logistic regression. The association between clusters and 1-year cardiovascular (CV) death and/or CV hospitalization was studied using Cox regression.Results: Based on 415 biomarkers, we identified 2 distinct clusters. Clinical variables associated with cluster 2 were diabetes, impaired renal function, loop diuretics and/or betablockers. In addition, 17 biomarkers were higher expressed in cluster 2 vs. 1. Patients in cluster 2 vs. those in 1 experienced higher rates of CV death/CV hospitalization (adj. HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.12-3.32, p = 0.017). Complex-network analyses linked these biomarkers to immune system activation, signal transduction cascades, cell interactions and metabolism.Conclusion: Unsupervised machine-learning algorithms applied to a wide range of biomarkers identified 2 HFpEF clusters with different CV phenotypes and outcomes. The identified pathways may provide a basis for future research.Clinical significanceMore insight is obtained in the mechanisms related to poor outcome in HFpEF patients since it was demonstrated that biomarkers associated with the high-risk cluster were related to the immune system, signal transduction cascades, cell interactions and metabolismBiomarkers (and pathways) identified in this study may help select high-risk HFpEF patients which could be helpful for the inclusion/exclusion of patients in future trials.Our findings may be the basis of investigating therapies specifically targeting these pathways and the potential use of corresponding markers potentially identifying patients with distinct mechanistic bioprofiles most likely to respond to the selected mechanistically targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Stienen
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research and Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Masatake Kobayashi
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Gregoire Preud'homme
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Daniela Dobre
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Clinical research and Investigation Unit, Psychotherapeutic Center of Nancy, Laxou, France
| | - Jean-Loup Machu
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Kevin Duarte
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Emmanuel Bresso
- Equipe CAPSID, LORIA (CNRS, Inria NGE, Université de Lorraine), Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Natalia López
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Svend Aakhus
- Department of Cardiology and Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,ISB, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Giuseppe Ambrosio
- Division of Cardiology, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Unit (UnIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alan G Fraser
- Wales Heart Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Loek van Heerebeek
- Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts Heart Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gilles de Keulenaer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Antwerp University, and ZNA Hartcentrum, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paolo Marino
- Clinical Cardiology, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Department of Translational Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Kenneth McDonald
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, St Michael's Hospital Dun Laoghaire Co. Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Saint Louis and Lariboisière University Hospitals and INSERM UMR-S 942, Paris, France
| | - Zoltàn Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Riccardo Raddino
- Department of Cardiology, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, C, Harite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health - Center for Regenerative Therapies (BIH-BCRT), and the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK; Berlin partner site), Berlin, Germany
| | - Walter J Paulus
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Faiez Zannad
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
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28
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Segal-Salto M, Barashi N, Katav A, Edelshtein V, Aharon A, Hashmueli S, George J, Maor Y, Pinzani M, Haberman D, Hall A, Friedman S, Mor A. A blocking monoclonal antibody to CCL24 alleviates liver fibrosis and inflammation in experimental models of liver damage. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100064. [PMID: 32039405 PMCID: PMC7005554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims C-C motif chemokine ligand 24 (CCL24) is a chemokine that regulates inflammatory and fibrotic activities through its receptor, C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR3). The aim of the study was to evaluate the involvement of the CCL24-CCR3 axis in liver fibrosis and inflammation and to assess the potential of its blockade, by a monoclonal anti-CCL24 antibody, as a therapeutic strategy for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis. Methods Expression of CCL24 and CCR3 was evaluated in liver biopsies and blood samples. CCL24 involvement in NAFLD/NASH pathogenesis was assessed in Ccl24 knockout mouse using the methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet experimental model. Antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of CM-101 were tested in the MCD and STAM mouse models and in the thioacetamide (TAA) model in rats. Liver enzymes, liver morphology, histology and collagen deposition, as well as fibrosis- and inflammation-related protein expression were assessed. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) was evaluated in the human LX2 cell line. Results Patients with NASH and advanced NAFLD exhibited significant expression of both CCL24 and CCR3 in liver and blood samples. In the experimental MCD-diet model, Ccl24 knockout mice showed an attenuated liver damage response compared to wild-type mice, exhibiting reduced histological NAFLD activity scores and fibrosis, as well as lower levels of liver enzymes. Blocking CCL24 using CM-101 robustly reduced liver damage in 3 experimental animal models (MCD, STAM and TAA), as demonstrated by attenuation of liver fibrosis and NAFLD activity score. Furthermore, blocking CCL24 by CM-101 significantly inhibited CCL24-induced HSC motility, α-SMA expression and pro-collagen I secretion. Conclusion Our results reveal that blocking CCL24 significantly attenuates liver fibrosis and inflammation and may have a potential therapeutic effect in patients with NASH and/or liver fibrosis. Lay summary CCL24 is a chemokine that regulates inflammation and fibrosis. It was found to be significantly expressed in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, in whom it regulates profibrotic processes in the liver. Herein, we show that blockade of CCL24 using a monoclonal antibody robustly attenuated liver fibrosis and inflammation in animal models, thus suggesting a potential therapeutic role for an anti-CCL24 agent. CCL24 is a chemokine that regulates inflammatory and fibrotic activities through its receptor, CCR3. Significant expression of CCL24 and CCR3 were found in liver biopsies and blood samples from patients with NAFLD/NASH. CM-101, a monoclonal antibody that selectively targets CCL24, significantly attenuates fibrotic and inflammatory processes. Blocking CCL24 may have a potential therapeutic effect in NASH and liver fibrosis.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Antibody
- C-C motif chemokine ligand 24
- CCL24
- CCL24, C-C motif chemokine ligand 24
- CCR3, C-C motif chemokine receptor 3
- CM-101
- Fibrosis
- HSCs, hepatic stellate cells
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- MCD, methionine-choline deficient
- MFI, median fluorescence intensity
- MMP, matrix metallopeptidase
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NAS, NAFLD activity score
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- TAA, thioacetamide
- WT, wild-type
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jacob George
- Heart Center, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Affiliated to the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaakov Maor
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College of London, London, UK.,Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dan Haberman
- Heart Center, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Affiliated to the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Andrew Hall
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College of London, London, UK.,Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Scott Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
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Alkhalil M, Kearney A, Hegarty M, Stewart C, Devlin P, Owens CG, Spence MS. Eosinopenia as an Adverse Marker of Clinical Outcomes in Patients Presenting with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Am J Med 2019; 132:e827-e834. [PMID: 31152721 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinopenia is considered a surrogate of inflammation in several disease settings. Following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, eosinopenia is presumed to be a marker of infarct severity. We sought to study the relationship between eosinopenia and infarct severity and how this relationship determined the long-term outcomes following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. METHODS Six hundred and six consecutive patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary interventions from a large volume single center were enrolled. Low eosinophil count was defined as < 40 cells/mL from samples within 2 hours after reperfusion. Primary endpoint was defined as composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, unplanned revascularization, and readmission for heart failure over 3.5 years' follow-up. RESULTS Sixty-five percent of the patients had eosinopenia. Patients in the low eosinophil group had larger infarct size as measured by troponin value (2934 vs 1177 ng/L, P < .001) and left ventricle systolic function on echocardiography (48% vs 50%, P = 0.029). There was a weak correlation between eosinophil count and both troponin (r = -0.25, P < 0.001) and ejection fraction (r = 0.10, P = .017). The primary endpoint was higher in eosinopenic patients (28.8% vs. 20.4%; hazard ratio [HR] 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05 to 2.13, P = .023). A discordance between eosinopenia and severe left ventricle systolic dysfunction was observed in 55.6% of cases. Compared with normal count, eosinopenia was associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with non-severe left ventricle dysfunction (24.1% vs 16.2%; HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.45, P = .044) but not in those with severe left ventricle dysfunction (42.3% vs. 38.9%; HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.59 to 2.03, P = .77) (P < .01 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS Eosinopenia is an easily determined marker that reflects worse clinical outcomes over long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aileen Kearney
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Mairead Hegarty
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Peadar Devlin
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Colum G Owens
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Mark S Spence
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
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30
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Binesh A, Devaraj SN, Devaraj H. Expression of chemokines in macrophage polarization and downregulation of NFκB in aorta allow macrophage polarization by diosgenin in atherosclerosis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 34:e22422. [PMID: 31729780 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
M1 macrophages serve one edge as proinflammatory and M2 macrophages serve the other edge as an anti-inflammatory macrophage. It appears that a related "switch" in macrophage morphology may also happen in the course of atherosclerosis, which has not yet been elucidated. An atherogenic diet (AD) was given to rats, and induction of macrophage differentiation and the nuclear localization of nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) were investigated by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Chemokines were analyzed using an antibody array with 32 target proteins. M2 macrophage transformation was confirmed in diosgenin-treated aorta by immunofluorescence and was validated in vitro using THP-1 cells. MAC387 (macrophage marker) and NFκBp65 (inflammatory hub) were upregulated in oxidatively-modified low-density lipoprotein (OxyLDL) and AD-induced condition. Macrophage differentiation, which induced the formation of inflammatory mediators, was not significantly suppressed by the inhibition of NFκB using dexamethasone. M1 macrophage polarization was identified in OxyLDL-induced monocytes, which are proinflammatory in nature, whereas M2 macrophage polarization was noticed in diosgenin-treated monocytes, which exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. M1-and M2-specific chemokines were analyzed using chemokine antibody array. Furthermore, the expression of proinflammatory macrophage (M1) was noticed in AD-induced aorta and anti-inflammatory macrophage (M2) was observed in diosgenin-treated aorta. This is the first report where, unifying the mechanism of diosgenin as aan nti-atherosclerotic and the expression of M1 and M2 specific chemokines is shown by downregulating NFκB and not by preventing the differentiation of monocyte into a macrophage, but by allowing macrophage to differentiate into M2, which aids in preventing the atherosclerotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Binesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Halagowder Devaraj
- School of Life Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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31
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Bracamonte-Baran W, Chen G, Hou X, Talor MV, Choi HS, Davogustto G, Taegtmeyer H, Sung J, Hackam DJ, Nauen D, Čiháková D. Non-cytotoxic Cardiac Innate Lymphoid Cells Are a Resident and Quiescent Type 2-Commited Population. Front Immunol 2019; 10:634. [PMID: 30984196 PMCID: PMC6450181 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are a subset of leukocytes with lymphoid properties that lack antigen specific receptors. They can be stimulated by and exert their effect via specific cytokine axes, whereas Natural Killers (NK) cells are the only known cytotoxic member of this family. ILCs are considered key in linking the innate and adaptive response in physiologic and pathologic environments. In this study, we investigated the properties of non-cytotoxic cardiac ILCs in physiologic, inflammatory, and ischemic conditions. We found that in healthy humans and mice, non-cytotoxic cardiac ILCs are predominantly a type 2-committed population with progenitor-like features, such as an absence of type-specific immunophenotype, intermediate GATA3 expression, and capacity to transiently express Pro-myelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger protein (PLZF) upon activation. During myocarditis and ischemia, in both human and mice, cardiac ILCs differentiated into conventional ILC2s. We found that cardiac ILCs lack IL-25 receptor and cannot become inflammatory ILC2s. We found a strong correlation between IL-33 production in the heart and the ability of cardiac ILCs to become conventional ILC2s. The main producer of IL-33 was a subset of CD29+Sca-1+ cardiac fibroblasts. ILC2 expansion and fibroblast-derived IL-33 production were significantly increased in the heart in mouse models of infarction and myocarditis. Despite its progenitor-like status in healthy hearts, cardiac ILCs were unable to become ILC1 or ILC3 in vivo and in vitro. Using adoptive transfer and parabiosis, we demonstrated that the heart, unlike other organs such as lung, cannot be infiltrated by circulating ILCs in adulthood even during cardiac inflammation or ischemia. Thus, the ILC2s present during inflammatory conditions are derived from the heart-resident and quiescent steady-state population. Non-cytotoxic cardiac ILCs are a resident population of ILC2-commited cells, with undifferentiated progenitor-like features in steady-state conditions and an ability to expand and develop pro-inflammatory type 2 features during inflammation or ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bracamonte-Baran
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guobao Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xuezhou Hou
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Monica V Talor
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hee Sun Choi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Giovanni Davogustto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jungeun Sung
- School of Medicine, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Joel Hackam
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Bloomberg Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Nauen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Grozdanovic M, Laffey KG, Abdelkarim H, Hitchinson B, Harijith A, Moon HG, Park GY, Rousslang LK, Masterson JC, Furuta GT, Tarasova NI, Gaponenko V, Ackerman SJ. Novel peptide nanoparticle-biased antagonist of CCR3 blocks eosinophil recruitment and airway hyperresponsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:669-680.e12. [PMID: 29778505 PMCID: PMC6240402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokine signaling through CCR3 is a key regulatory pathway for eosinophil recruitment into tissues associated with allergic inflammation and asthma. To date, none of the CCR3 antagonists have shown efficacy in clinical trials. One reason might be their unbiased mode of inhibition that prevents receptor internalization, leading to drug tolerance. OBJECTIVE We sought to develop a novel peptide nanoparticle CCR3 inhibitor (R321) with a biased mode of inhibition that would block G protein signaling but enable or promote receptor internalization. METHODS Self-assembly of R321 peptide into nanoparticles and peptide binding to CCR3 were analyzed by means of dynamic light scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance. Inhibitory activity on CCR3 signaling was assessed in vitro by using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and Western blot analysis in a CCR3+ eosinophil cell line and blood eosinophils. In vivo effects of R321 were assessed by using a triple-allergen mouse asthma model. RESULTS R321 self-assembles into nanoparticles and binds directly to CCR3, altering receptor function. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration values for eotaxin-induced chemotaxis of blood eosinophils are in the low nanomolar range. R321 inhibits only the early phase of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation and not the late phase generally associated with β-arrestin recruitment and receptor endocytosis, promoting CCR3 internalization and degradation. In vivo R321 effectively blocks eosinophil recruitment into the blood, lungs, and airways and prevents airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse eosinophilic asthma model. CONCLUSIONS R321 is a potent and selective antagonist of the CCR3 signaling cascade. Inhibition through a biased mode of antagonism might hold significant therapeutic promise by eluding the formation of drug tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Grozdanovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kimberly G Laffey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Hazem Abdelkarim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Ben Hitchinson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Hyung-Geon Moon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Gye Young Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lee K Rousslang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Joanne C Masterson
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Glenn T Furuta
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Nadya I Tarasova
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Md
| | - Vadim Gaponenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Steven J Ackerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
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Rios-Navarro C, Gavara J, Vidal V, Bonanad C, Racugno P, Bayes-Genis A, Miñana G, Husser O, Oltra R, Nuñez J, Chorro FJ, Bodi V, Ruiz-Sauri A. Characterization and implications of the dynamics of eosinophils in blood and in the infarcted myocardium after coronary reperfusion. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206344. [PMID: 30365558 PMCID: PMC6203260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We characterized the dynamics of eosinophils in blood and in the infarcted myocardium in patients and in a swine model of reperfused myocardial infarction (MI). The association of eosinophil dynamics with various outcomes was assessed. Methods Serial eosinophil count and pre-discharge cardiac magnetic resonance were carried out in a prospective series of 620 patients with a first ST-elevation MI. In a swine model of reperfused MI, the dynamics of circulating eosinophils and their presence in the infarcted myocardium were determined. In autopsies from chronic MI patients, eosinophils were quantified. Results Patient eosinophil count sharply decreased 12h post-reperfusion compared to arrival. A lower minimum eosinophil count was associated with more extensive edema, microvascular obstruction, and infarct size as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance, and also with a higher rate of cardiac events (death, re-infarction, or heart failure) during follow-up. In the experimental model, eosinophil count boosted during ischemia and dropped back immediately post-reperfusion. Myocardial samples revealed progressive eosinophil migration into the infarcted myocardium, especially areas with microvascular obstruction. Markers of eosinophil maturation and survival (interleukin-5), degranulation (eosinophil cationic protein) and migration (eotoxin-1) were detected in the blood of patients, and in porcine myocardium. Eosinophil infiltration was detected in autopsies from chronic MI patients. Conclusion Eosinopenia post-MI was associated with an impaired cardiac structure and adverse events. The decay in circulating eosinophils soon after reperfusion mirrors their migration into the infarcted myocardium, as reflected by their presence in heart samples from swine and patients. Further studies are needed to understanding this unexplored pathway and its therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Rios-Navarro
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Gavara
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Veronica Vidal
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Bonanad
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paolo Racugno
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- Cardiology Department and Heart Failure Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias iPujol, Badalona, Spain, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red–Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Miñana
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red–Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oliver Husser
- Department of Cardiology, St.-Johannes-Hospital, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ricardo Oltra
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Nuñez
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red–Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Chorro
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red–Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Bodi
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red–Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Amparo Ruiz-Sauri
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Sandstedt J, Sandstedt M, Lundqvist A, Jansson M, Sopasakis VR, Jeppsson A, Hultén LM. Human cardiac fibroblasts isolated from patients with severe heart failure are immune-competent cells mediating an inflammatory response. Cytokine 2018; 113:319-325. [PMID: 30360948 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to elucidate the immunoregulatory properties of human cardiac fibroblasts cultured under pro-inflammatory and hypoxic conditions. Human heart tissue for isolating cardiac cells is generally hard to obtain, particularly from all four chambers of the same heart. Since different parts of the heart have different functions and therefore may have different immunoregulatory properties, ability to analyse cells from all chambers allows for a unique and comprehensive investigation. Cells were isolated from all four chambers of the heart from patients undergoing cardiac transplantation surgery due to severe chronic heart failure (CHF) (n = 6). Cells isolated from one donor heart, were used for comparison with the experimental group. Primary cultured human cardiac fibroblasts were treated with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an inflammatory response. Cells were also subjected to hypoxia. To determine immunoregulatory properties of the cells, cytokine and chemokine profiles were determined using multiplex ELISA. RESULTS: On average, the fibroblasts population constituted approximately 90% of the expanded non-myocytes. Levels of cytokines and chemokines were markedly increased in human cardiac fibroblasts cultured under inflammatory conditions, with a similar response in fibroblasts from all compartments of the heart. Unexpectedly, hypoxia did not further augment cytokine and chemokine secretion. In conclusion, human cardiac fibroblasts are a robust source of pro-inflammatory mediators in the failing heart, independent of hypoxia, and might play a critical role in inflammation associated with the pathogenesis of CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Sandstedt
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Sandstedt
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Lundqvist
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Märta Jansson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Victoria Rotter Sopasakis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Jeppsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Mattsson Hultén
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Chen G, Bracamonte-Baran W, Diny NL, Hou X, Talor MV, Fu K, Liu Y, Davogustto G, Vasquez H, Taegtmeyer H, Frazier OH, Waisman A, Conway SJ, Wan F, Čiháková D. Sca-1 + cardiac fibroblasts promote development of heart failure. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1522-1538. [PMID: 29953616 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The causative effect of GM-CSF produced by cardiac fibroblasts to development of heart failure has not been shown. We identified the pathological GM-CSF-producing cardiac fibroblast subset and the specific deletion of IL-17A signaling to these cells attenuated cardiac inflammation and heart failure. We describe here the CD45- CD31- CD29+ mEF-SK4+ PDGFRα+ Sca-1+ periostin+ (Sca-1+ ) cardiac fibroblast subset as the main GM-CSF producer in both experimental autoimmune myocarditis and myocardial infarction mouse models. Specific ablation of IL-17A signaling to Sca-1+ periostin+ cardiac fibroblasts (PostnCre Il17rafl/fl ) protected mice from post-infarct heart failure and death. Moreover, PostnCre Il17rafl/fl mice had significantly fewer GM-CSF-producing Sca-1+ cardiac fibroblasts and inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes in the heart. Sca-1+ cardiac fibroblasts were not only potent GM-CSF producers, but also exhibited plasticity and switched their cytokine production profiles depending on local microenvironments. Moreover, we also found GM-CSF-positive cardiac fibroblasts in cardiac biopsy samples from heart failure patients of myocarditis or ischemic origin. Thus, this is the first identification of a pathological GM-CSF-producing cardiac fibroblast subset in human and mice hearts with myocarditis and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Sca-1+ cardiac fibroblasts direct the type of immune cells infiltrating the heart during cardiac inflammation and drive the development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobao Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Nicola L Diny
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xuezhou Hou
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monica V Talor
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Giovanni Davogustto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hernan Vasquez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - O Howard Frazier
- Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health - Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, MC 2-114A, PO Box 20345, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Simon J Conway
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fengyi Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abdala-Valencia H, Coden ME, Chiarella SE, Jacobsen EA, Bochner BS, Lee JJ, Berdnikovs S. Shaping eosinophil identity in the tissue contexts of development, homeostasis, and disease. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:95-108. [PMID: 29656559 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr1117-442rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils play homeostatic roles in different tissues and are found in several organs at a homeostatic baseline, though their tissue numbers increase significantly in development and disease. The morphological, phenotypical, and functional plasticity of recruited eosinophils are influenced by the dynamic tissue microenvironment changes between homeostatic, morphogenetic, and disease states. Activity of the epithelial-mesenchymal interface, extracellular matrix, hormonal inputs, metabolic state of the environment, as well as epithelial and mesenchymal-derived innate cytokines and growth factors all have the potential to regulate the attraction, retention, in situ hematopoiesis, phenotype, and function of eosinophils. This review examines the reciprocal relationship between eosinophils and such tissue factors, specifically addressing: (1) tissue microenvironments associated with the presence and activity of eosinophils; (2) non-immune tissue ligands regulatory for eosinophil accumulation, hematopoiesis, phenotype, and function (with an emphasis on the extracellular matrix and epithelial-mesenchymal interface); (3) the contribution of eosinophils to regulating tissue biology; (4) eosinophil phenotypic heterogeneity in different tissue microenvironments, classifying eosinophils as progenitors, steady state eosinophils, and Type 1 and 2 activated phenotypes. An appreciation of eosinophil regulation by non-immune tissue factors is necessary for completing the picture of eosinophil immune activation and understanding the functional contribution of these cells to development, homeostasis, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mackenzie E Coden
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sergio E Chiarella
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James J Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Abstract
Cardiac-resident macrophages are a diverse population of cells that have a critical role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. A new understanding of communication between macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for heart failure with preserved ejection function.
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39
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Petrackova A, Smrzova A, Gajdos P, Schubertova M, Schneiderova P, Kromer P, Snasel V, Skacelova M, Mrazek F, Zadrazil J, Horak P, Kriegova E. Serum protein pattern associated with organ damage and lupus nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revealed by PEA immunoassay. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:32. [PMID: 29026368 PMCID: PMC5627398 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a remarkably heterogeneous autoimmune disease. Despite tremendous efforts, our knowledge of serum protein patterns in severe SLE phenotypes is still limited. We investigated the serum protein pattern of SLE, with special emphasis on irreversible organ damage and active lupus nephritis (LN) as assessed by renal Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index. METHODS We used proximity extension immunoassay (PEA, Proseek Multiplex, Olink) to assess the serum levels of ninety-two inflammation-related proteins in Czech patients with SLE (n = 75) and age-matched healthy control subjects (n = 23). Subgroup analysis was carried out on the basis of organ damage (with/without, 42/33) and biopsy-proven LN (with/without, 27/48; active LN, n = 13; inactive LN, n = 14). RESULTS Of thirty deregulated proteins between SLE and the healthy controls (Pcorr < 0.05), the top upregulated proteins in SLE were sirtuin 2, interleukin 18 (IL18), and caspase 8 (Pcorr < 0.0006). Of these, sirtuin 2 and caspase 8 had not yet been reported with SLE. Elevated levels of IL8, CCL2/MCP1, CCL11, and MMP10 (Pcorr < 0.05) were detected in patients with organ damage for which the serum levels of CCL11 and MMP10 were particularly informative in organ damage prediction. Comparing patients based on LN, elevated levels of CSF1, sIL15RA, sCD40, sCX3CL1, caspase 8, sIL18R1, bNGF, and GDNF (Pcorr < 0.05) were detected in active LN. Except GDNF, all LN-associated markers showed usefulness in prediction of active renal disease. CONCLUSIONS This highly sensitive PEA analysis identified the serum pattern of SLE, organ damage, and active LN, with many novel candidate proteins detected. Their exact role and suitability as biomarkers in SLE deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Petrackova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Smrzova
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gajdos
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Schubertova
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Schneiderova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kromer
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Snasel
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Skacelova
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Mrazek
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zadrazil
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Horak
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kriegova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Abstract
With the advent of novel therapies targeting eosinophils, there has been renewed interest in understanding the basic biology of this unique cell. In this context, murine models and human studies have continued to highlight the role of the eosinophil in homeostatic functions and immunoregulation. This review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of eosinophil biology that are likely to have important consequences on the development and consequences of eosinophil-targeted therapies. Given the breadth of the topic, the discussion will be limited to three areas of interest: the eosinophil life cycle, eosinophil heterogeneity, and mechanisms of cell-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Klion
- Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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41
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Song T, Jones DM, Homsi Y. Therapeutic effect of anti-IL-5 on eosinophilic myocarditis with large pericardial effusion. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2016-218992. [PMID: 28546236 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-218992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic myocarditis (EM) is a rare myocardial disease that results from various eosinophilic diseases, such as idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, helminth infection, medications and vasculitis. Patients with EM may present with different severities, ranging from mild symptoms to a life-threatening condition. Diagnosis of EM is a challenge and requires an extensive workup, including endomyocardial biopsy. Treatment options are limited because EM is rare and there is a lack of randomised controlled trials. We report a case of EM that presented as cardiac tamponade, which was initially treated with high-dose prednisone and immunosuppressant medications without significant improvement. Mepolizumab (anti-interleukin (IL)-5 antibody) was then applied, leading to an increased ejection fraction and stabilised cardiac function. This case report shows, for the first time, that mepolizumab has novel effects in treating EM. Our findings suggest that mepolizumab can be used as a steroid-sparing agent for treating EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyao Song
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | | | - Yamen Homsi
- Rheumatology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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Diny NL, Rose NR, Čiháková D. Eosinophils in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:484. [PMID: 28496445 PMCID: PMC5406413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are multifunctional granulocytes that contribute to initiation and modulation of inflammation. Their role in asthma and parasitic infections has long been recognized. Growing evidence now reveals a role for eosinophils in autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the function of eosinophils in inflammatory bowel diseases, neuromyelitis optica, bullous pemphigoid, autoimmune myocarditis, primary biliary cirrhosis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and other autoimmune diseases. Clinical studies, eosinophil-targeted therapies, and experimental models have contributed to our understanding of the regulation and function of eosinophils in these diseases. By examining the role of eosinophils in autoimmune diseases of different organs, we can identify common pathogenic mechanisms. These include degranulation of cytotoxic granule proteins, induction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, release of proteases degrading extracellular matrix, immune modulation through cytokines, antigen presentation, and prothrombotic functions. The association of eosinophilic diseases with autoimmune diseases is also examined, showing a possible increase in autoimmune diseases in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, hypereosinophilic syndrome, and non-allergic asthma. Finally, we summarize key future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Diny
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noel R Rose
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Diny NL, Baldeviano GC, Talor MV, Barin JG, Ong S, Bedja D, Hays AG, Gilotra NA, Coppens I, Rose NR, Čiháková D. Eosinophil-derived IL-4 drives progression of myocarditis to inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy. J Exp Med 2017; 214:943-957. [PMID: 28302646 PMCID: PMC5379983 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diny et al. report a pathogenic role for eosinophils in autoimmune myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Eosinophils are required for progression of myocarditis to dilated cardiomyopathy and drive severe disease when present in large numbers. Activated cardiac eosinophils mediate this process through IL-4. Inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMi) is a major cause of heart failure in children and young adults. DCMi develops in up to 30% of myocarditis patients, but the mechanisms involved in disease progression are poorly understood. Patients with eosinophilia frequently develop cardiomyopathies. In this study, we used the experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model to determine the role of eosinophils in myocarditis and DCMi. Eosinophils were dispensable for myocarditis induction but were required for progression to DCMi. Eosinophil-deficient ΔdblGATA1 mice, in contrast to WT mice, showed no signs of heart failure by echocardiography. Induction of EAM in hypereosinophilic IL-5Tg mice resulted in eosinophilic myocarditis with severe ventricular and atrial inflammation, which progressed to severe DCMi. This was not a direct effect of IL-5, as IL-5TgΔdblGATA1 mice were protected from DCMi, whereas IL-5−/− mice exhibited DCMi comparable with WT mice. Eosinophils drove progression to DCMi through their production of IL-4. Our experiments showed eosinophils were the major IL-4–expressing cell type in the heart during EAM, IL-4−/− mice were protected from DCMi like ΔdblGATA1 mice, and eosinophil-specific IL-4 deletion resulted in improved heart function. In conclusion, eosinophils drive progression of myocarditis to DCMi, cause severe DCMi when present in large numbers, and mediate this process through IL-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Diny
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - G Christian Baldeviano
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Monica V Talor
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jobert G Barin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - SuFey Ong
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Djahida Bedja
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Allison G Hays
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Nisha A Gilotra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Isabelle Coppens
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Noel R Rose
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 .,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Abstract
Chemokines are a family of small cytokines that share a typical key structure that is stabilized by disulfide bonds between the cysteine residues at the NH2-terminal of the protein, and they are secreted by a great variety of cells in several different conditions. Their function is directly dependent on their interactions with their receptors. Chemokines are involved in cell maturation and differentiation, infection, autoimmunity, cancer, and, in general, in any situation where immune components are involved. However, their role in postfracture inflammation and fracture healing is not yet well established. In this article, we will discuss the response of chemokines to bone fracture and their potential roles in postfracture inflammation and healing based on data from our studies and from other previously published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Edderkaoui
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Loma Linda VA Health Care Systems, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- *Correspondence: Bouchra Edderkaoui,
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