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Rossouw M, Cripwell RA, Vermeulen RR, van Staden AD, van Zyl WH, Dicks LMT, Viljoen-Bloom M. Heterologous Expression of Plantaricin 423 and Mundticin ST4SA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:845-861. [PMID: 37171691 PMCID: PMC11126478 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides or bacteriocins are excellent candidates for alternative antimicrobials, but high manufacturing costs limit their applications. Recombinant gene expression offers the potential to produce these peptides more cost-effectively at a larger scale. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a popular host for recombinant protein production, but with limited success reported on antimicrobial peptides. Individual recombinant S. cerevisiae strains were constructed to secrete two class IIa bacteriocins, plantaricin 423 (PlaX) and mundticin ST4SA (MunX). The native and codon-optimised variants of the plaA and munST4SA genes were cloned into episomal expression vectors containing either the S. cerevisiae alpha mating factor (MFα1) or the Trichoderma reesei xylanase 2 (XYNSEC) secretion signal sequences. The recombinant peptides retained their activity and stability, with the MFα1 secretion signal superior to the XYNSEC secretion signal for both bacteriocins. An eight-fold increase in activity against Listeria monocytogenes was observed for MunX after codon optimisation, but not for PlaX-producing strains. After HPLC-purification, the codon-optimised genes yielded 20.9 mg/L of MunX and 18.4 mg/L of PlaX, which displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 108.52 nM and 1.18 µM, respectively, against L. monocytogenes. The yields represent a marked improvement relative to an Escherichia coli expression system previously reported for PlaX and MunX. The results demonstrated that S. cerevisiae is a promising host for recombinant bacteriocin production that requires a simple purification process, but the efficacy is sensitive to codon usage and secretion signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Rossouw
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Rosemary A Cripwell
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Ross R Vermeulen
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Anton D van Staden
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Willem H van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Leon M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Marinda Viljoen-Bloom
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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Nurmi K, Silventoinen K, Keskitalo S, Rajamäki K, Kouri VP, Kinnunen M, Jalil S, Maldonado R, Wartiovaara K, Nievas EI, Denita-Juárez SP, Duncan CJA, Kuismin O, Saarela J, Romo I, Martelius T, Parantainen J, Beklen A, Bilicka M, Matikainen S, Nordström DC, Kaustio M, Wartiovaara-Kautto U, Kilpivaara O, Klein C, Hauck F, Jahkola T, Hautala T, Varjosalo M, Barreto G, Seppänen MRJ, Eklund KK. Truncating NFKB1 variants cause combined NLRP3 inflammasome activation and type I interferon signaling and predispose to necrotizing fasciitis. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101503. [PMID: 38593810 PMCID: PMC11031424 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In monogenic autoinflammatory diseases, mutations in genes regulating innate immune responses often lead to uncontrolled activation of inflammasome pathways or the type I interferon (IFN-I) response. We describe a mechanism of autoinflammation potentially predisposing patients to life-threatening necrotizing soft tissue inflammation. Six unrelated families are identified in which affected members present with necrotizing fasciitis or severe soft tissue inflammations. Exome sequencing reveals truncating monoallelic loss-of-function variants of nuclear factor κ light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFKB1) in affected patients. In patients' macrophages and in NFKB1-variant-bearing THP-1 cells, activation increases both interleukin (IL)-1β secretion and IFN-I signaling. Truncation of NF-κB1 impairs autophagy, accompanied by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and reduced degradation of inflammasome receptor nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), and Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein inducing IFN-β (TRIF), thus leading to combined excessive inflammasome and IFN-I activity. Many of the patients respond to anti-inflammatory treatment, and targeting IL-1β and/or IFN-I signaling could represent a therapeutic approach for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katariina Nurmi
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinicum, Translational Immunology Research Program, Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki (UH), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Silventoinen
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinicum, Translational Immunology Research Program, Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki (UH), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Keskitalo
- Systems Biology/Pathology Research Group, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, UH, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Rajamäki
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinicum, Translational Immunology Research Program, Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki (UH), 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, RPU, UH, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa-Petteri Kouri
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinicum, Translational Immunology Research Program, Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki (UH), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matias Kinnunen
- Systems Biology/Pathology Research Group, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, UH, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami Jalil
- Clinical Genetics UH and Helsinki University Hospital (HUH), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rocio Maldonado
- Clinical Genetics UH and Helsinki University Hospital (HUH), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirmo Wartiovaara
- Clinical Genetics UH and Helsinki University Hospital (HUH), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Christopher J A Duncan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4HH, UK
| | - Outi Kuismin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital (OUH), 90014 Oulu, Finland; PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, OUH and University of Oulu (OU), 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Janna Saarela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, UH, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inka Romo
- Inflammation Center, Department of Infectious Disease, HUH, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timi Martelius
- Inflammation Center, Department of Infectious Disease, HUH, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Parantainen
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinicum, Translational Immunology Research Program, Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki (UH), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arzu Beklen
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinicum, Translational Immunology Research Program, Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki (UH), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcelina Bilicka
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinicum, Translational Immunology Research Program, Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki (UH), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Matikainen
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinicum, Translational Immunology Research Program, Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki (UH), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dan C Nordström
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinicum, Translational Immunology Research Program, Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki (UH), 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, HUH and UH, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Meri Kaustio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, UH, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulla Wartiovaara-Kautto
- Department of Hematology, HUH, Comprehensive Cancer Center, UH, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, RPU, Faculty of Medicine, UH, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Kilpivaara
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, RPU, Faculty of Medicine, UH, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics/Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, UH, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, UH, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB Laboratory of Genetics, HUH, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Hauck
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Tiina Jahkola
- Department of Plastic Surgery, HUH, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Hautala
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine and Biomedicine, OU, and Infectious Diseases Clinic, OUH, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Systems Biology/Pathology Research Group, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, UH, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Goncalo Barreto
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinicum, Translational Immunology Research Program, Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki (UH), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko R J Seppänen
- Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, HUH and UH, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; Rare Disease Center, Children and Adolescents, HUH and UH, 00029 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kari K Eklund
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinicum, Translational Immunology Research Program, Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki (UH), 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Rheumatology, HUH and UH, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; Orton Orthopaedic Hospital, 00280 Helsinki, Finland.
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3
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Crament TC, Arendsen K, Rose SH, Jansen T. Cultivation of recombinant Aspergillus niger strains on dairy whey as a carbohydrate source. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 51:kuae007. [PMID: 38299783 PMCID: PMC10863410 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural waste valorisation provides a sustainable solution to waste management, and combining waste utilisation with commodity production allows for responsible production processes. Recombinant Aspergillus niger D15 strains expressing fungal endoglucanases (Trichoderma reesei eg1 and eg2 and Aspergillus carneus aceg) were evaluated for their ability to utilise lactose as a carbon source to determine whether dairy waste could be used as a feedstock for enzyme production. The recombinant A. niger D15[eg1]PyrG, D15[eg2]PyrG, and D15[aceg]PyrG strains produced maximum endoglucanase activities of 34, 54, and 34 U/mL, respectively, on lactose and 23, 27, and 22 U/mL, respectively, on whey. The A. niger D15[eg2]PyrG strain was used to optimise the whey medium. Maximum endoglucanase activity of 46 U/mL was produced on 10% whey medium containing 0.6% NaNO3. The results obtained indicate that dairy whey can be utilised as a feedstock for recombinant enzyme production. However, variations in enzyme activities were observed and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teagan C Crament
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Kayline Arendsen
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Shaunita H Rose
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Trudy Jansen
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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4
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Youn HS, Jun JS, Yeom JS, Park JS, Lim JY, Woo HO, Yang JW, Baik SC, Lee WK, Seo JH. Identification of Autoantigens in Pediatric Gastric Juices. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2024; 27:15-25. [PMID: 38249638 PMCID: PMC10796257 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2024.27.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the presence of autoantigens in the gastric juices of children. Methods Gastric juice and serum samples were obtained from 53 children <15 years of age who underwent gastric endoscopy. Among these, 8, 22, and 23 participants were in the age groups 0-5, 6-10, and 11-15 years, respectively. These samples were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), immunoblot analysis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of-flight mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we reviewed the histopathological findings and urease test results and compared them with the results of 2-DE and immunoblot analysis. Results There were no statistically significant differences in urease test positivity, grades of chronic gastritis, active gastritis, or Helicobacter pylori infiltration of the antrum and body among the three age groups. Three distinct patterns of gastric juice were observed on 2-DE. Pattern I was the most common, and pattern III was not observed below the age of 5 years. Histopathological findings were significantly different among active gastritis (p=0.037) and H. pylori infiltration (p=0.060) in the gastric body. The immunoblots showed large spots at an approximate pH of 3-4 and molecular weights of 31-45 kDa. These distinct, large positive spots were identified as gastric lipase and pepsin A and C. Conclusion Three enzymes, which are normally secreted under acidic conditions were identified as autoantigens. Further investigation of the pathophysiology and function of autoantigens in the stomach is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Shang Youn
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jin-Su Jun
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jung Sook Yeom
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ji Sook Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hyang-Ok Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jung-Wook Yang
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Baik
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Woo-Kon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
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5
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Cripwell RA, My R, Treu L, Campanaro S, Favaro L, van Zyl WH, Viljoen-Bloom M. Additional glucoamylase genes increase ethanol productivity on rice and potato waste streams by a recombinant amylolytic yeast. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 388:129787. [PMID: 37741578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of consolidated bioprocessing for converting starch to ethanol relies on a robust yeast that produces enough amylases for rapid starch hydrolysis. Furthermore, using low-cost substrates will assist with competitive ethanol prices and support a bioeconomy, especially in developing countries. This paper addresses both challenges with the expression of additional glucoamylase gene copies in an efficient amylolytic strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER T12) derived from the industrial yeast, Ethanol Red™. Recombinant ER T12 was used as a host to increase ethanol productivity during raw starch fermentation; the ER T12.7 variant, selected from various transformants, displayed enhanced raw starch conversion and a 36% higher ethanol concentration than the parental strain after 120 h. Unripe rice, rice bran, potato waste and potato peels were evaluated as alternative starchy substrates to test ER T12.7's fermenting ability. ER T12.7 produced high ethanol yields at significantly improved ethanol productivity, key criteria for its industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary A Cripwell
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Rebecca My
- Waste to Bioproducts-Lab, Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università di Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Campanaro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Favaro
- Waste to Bioproducts-Lab, Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università di Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Willem H van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Marinda Viljoen-Bloom
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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6
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Myburgh MW, Favaro L, van Zyl WH, Viljoen-Bloom M. Engineered yeast for the efficient hydrolysis of polylactic acid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 378:129008. [PMID: 37011843 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a major contributor to the global bioplastic production capacity. However, post-consumer PLA waste is not fully degraded during non-optimal traditional organic waste treatment processes and can persist in nature for many years. Efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of PLA would contribute to cleaner, more energy-efficient, environmentally friendly waste management processes. However, high costs and a lack of effective enzyme producers curtail the large-scale application of such enzymatic systems. This study reports the recombinant expression of a fungal cutinase-like enzyme (CLE1) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which produced a crude supernatant that efficiently hydrolyses different types of PLA materials. The codon-optimised Y294[CLEns] strain delivered the best enzyme production and hydrolysis capabilities, releasing up to 9.44 g/L lactic acid from 10 g/L PLA films with more than 40% loss in film weight. This work highlights the potential of fungal hosts producing PLA hydrolases for future commercial applications in PLA recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthinus W Myburgh
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Padova University, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Favaro
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Padova University, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Willem H van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Marinda Viljoen-Bloom
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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7
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Smuts IE, Blakeway NJ, Rose SH, den Haan R, Viljoen-Bloom M, van Zyl WH. Supplementation of recombinant cellulases with LPMOs and CDHs improves consolidated bioprocessing of cellulose. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 164:110171. [PMID: 36549094 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The increased demand for energy has sparked a global search for renewable energy sources that could partly replace fossil fuel resources and help mitigate climate change. Cellulosic biomass is an ideal feedstock for renewable bioethanol production, but the process is not currently economically feasible due to the high cost of pretreatment and enzyme cocktails to release fermentable sugars. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) and cellobiose dehydrogenases (CDHs) are auxiliary enzymes that can enhance cellulose hydrolysis. In this study, four LPMO and two CDH genes were subcloned and expressed in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y294 laboratory strain. SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed the extracellular production of the LPMOs and CDHs in the laboratory S. cerevisiae Y294 strain. A rudimentary cellulase cocktail (cellobiohydrolase 1 and 2, endoglucanase and β-glucosidase) was expressed in the commercial CelluX™ 4 strain and extracellular production of the individual cellulases was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis. In vitro cooperation of the CDHs and LPMOs with the rudimentary cellulases produced by strain CelluX™ 4[F4-1] was demonstrated on Whatman filter paper. The significant levels of soluble sugars released from this crystalline cellulose substrate indicated that these auxiliary enzymes could be important components of the CBP yeast cellulolytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy E Smuts
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Nicole J Blakeway
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Shaunita H Rose
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Riaan den Haan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7530, South Africa
| | - Marinda Viljoen-Bloom
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Willem H van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
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8
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Cypryk W, Czernek L, Horodecka K, Chrzanowski J, Stańczak M, Nurmi K, Bilicka M, Gadzinowski M, Walczak-Drzewiecka A, Stensland M, Eklund K, Fendler W, Nyman TA, Matikainen S. Lipopolysaccharide Primes Human Macrophages for Noncanonical Inflammasome-Induced Extracellular Vesicle Secretion. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:322-334. [PMID: 36525001 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human macrophages secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) loaded with numerous immunoregulatory proteins. Vesicle-mediated protein secretion in macrophages is regulated by poorly characterized mechanisms; however, it is now known that inflammatory conditions significantly alter both the quantities and protein composition of secreted vesicles. In this study, we employed high-throughput quantitative proteomics to characterize the modulation of EV-mediated protein secretion during noncanonical caspase-4/5 inflammasome activation via LPS transfection. We show that human macrophages activate robust caspase-4-dependent EV secretion upon transfection of LPS, and this process is also partially dependent on NLRP3 and caspase-5. A similar effect occurs with delivery of the LPS with Escherichia coli-derived outer membrane vesicles. Moreover, sensitization of the macrophages through TLR4 by LPS priming prior to LPS transfection dramatically augments the EV-mediated protein secretion. Our data demonstrate that this process differs significantly from canonical inflammasome activator ATP-induced vesiculation, and it is dependent on the autocrine IFN signal associated with TLR4 activation. LPS priming preceding the noncanonical inflammasome activation significantly enhances vesicle-mediated secretion of inflammasome components caspase-1, ASC, and lytic cell death effectors GSDMD, MLKL, and NINJ1, suggesting that inflammatory EV transfer may exert paracrine effects in recipient cells. Moreover, using bioinformatics methods, we identify 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 and parthenolide as inhibitors of caspase-4-mediated inflammation and vesicle secretion, indicating new therapeutic potential of these anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Cypryk
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Liliana Czernek
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Horodecka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Chrzanowski
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Stańczak
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katariina Nurmi
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcelina Bilicka
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mariusz Gadzinowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Maria Stensland
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Kari Eklund
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Sampsa Matikainen
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Schwerdtfeger KS, Myburgh MW, van Zyl WH, Viljoen-Bloom M. Promoter-proximal introns impact recombinant amylase expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2023; 23:foad047. [PMID: 37891015 PMCID: PMC10647015 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of starch requires recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that produce raw starch-degrading enzymes and ferment the resultant sugars to ethanol in a single step. In this study, the native S. cerevisiae COX4 and RPS25A promoter-proximal introns were evaluated for enhanced expression of amylase genes (ateA, temA or temG_Opt) under the control of an S. cerevisiae promoter (ENO1P, TEF1P, TDH3P, or HXT7P). The results showed that different promoters and promoter-intron combinations differentially affected recombinant amylase production: ENO1P-COX4i and TDH3P-RPS25Ai were the best promoters for AteA, followed closely by HXT7P. The latter was also the best promoter for TemA and TemG production, followed closely by TDH3P-RPS25Ai for both these enzymes. Introducing promoter-proximal introns increased amylase activity up to 62% in Y294[ENO-COX-AteA] and Y294[TDH3-RPS-TemA], a significant improvement relative to the intron-less promoters. Strains co-expressing both an α-amylase and glucoamylase genes yielded up to 56 g/L ethanol from 20% w/v raw starch, with a higher carbon conversion observed with strains co-expressing TDH3P-RPS25Ai-temG_Opt than HXT7P-temG_Opt. The study showed that promoter-proximal introns can enhance amylase activity in S. cerevisiae and suggest that these alternative cassettes may also be considered for expression in more efficient ethanol-producing industrial yeast strains for raw starch CBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie S Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Marthinus W Myburgh
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Willem H van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Marinda Viljoen-Bloom
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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10
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More Abundant Superoxide Dismutase2 Protein Levels in Blood May Act as a Prognostic Marker for High-Risk Neuroblastoma Patients. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.1071115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Determination of proteomic differences plays an important role in biomarker investigations. Due to its heterogenic molecular background, identification of certain biomarkers is still a demand both for diagnosis and for prognosis of neuroblastoma. In this study, it is aimed to identify some marker proteins/mechanisms that may play role in neuroblastoma prognosis.
Methods: A proteomic approach was performed for different risk groups of the disease by using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) approach. Mononuclear cell pools from blood samples of patients for risk groups were constructed and protein expression changes for different groups were identified. Real-time PCR analysis were performed for N-MYC, 11q, 1p and 17q status of these patients and risk groups were determined from tumor samples.
Results: Manganese-superoxide dismutase (SOD2) protein was significantly increased in high-risk group of neuroblastoma patients.
Conclusion: SOD2 may play an important role in neuroblastoma progression and be a candidate prognostic peripheral blood marker for neuroblastoma patients.
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11
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Gronchi N, De Bernardini N, Cripwell RA, Treu L, Campanaro S, Basaglia M, Foulquié-Moreno MR, Thevelein JM, Van Zyl WH, Favaro L, Casella S. Natural Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain Reveals Peculiar Genomic Traits for Starch-to-Bioethanol Production: the Design of an Amylolytic Consolidated Bioprocessing Yeast. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:768562. [PMID: 35126325 PMCID: PMC8815085 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.768562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural yeast with superior fermentative traits can serve as a platform for the development of recombinant strains that can be used to improve the sustainability of bioethanol production from starch. This process will benefit from a consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) approach where an engineered strain producing amylases directly converts starch into ethanol. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae L20, previously selected as outperforming the benchmark yeast Ethanol Red, was here subjected to a comparative genomic investigation using a dataset of industrial S. cerevisiae strains. Along with Ethanol Red, strain L20 was then engineered for the expression of α-amylase amyA and glucoamylase glaA genes from Aspergillus tubingensis by employing two different approaches (delta integration and CRISPR/Cas9). A correlation between the number of integrated copies and the hydrolytic abilities of the recombinants was investigated. L20 demonstrated important traits for the construction of a proficient CBP yeast. Despite showing a close relatedness to commercial wine yeast and the benchmark Ethanol Red, a unique profile of gene copy number variations (CNVs) was found in L20, mainly encoding membrane transporters and secretion pathway proteins but also the fermentative metabolism. Moreover, the genome annotation disclosed seven open reading frames (ORFs) in L20 that are absent in the reference S288C genome. Genome engineering was successfully implemented for amylase production. However, with equal amylase gene copies, L20 proved its proficiency as a good enzyme secretor by exhibiting a markedly higher amylolytic activity than Ethanol Red, in compliance to the findings of the genomic exploration. The recombinant L20 dT8 exhibited the highest amylolytic activity and produced more than 4 g/L of ethanol from 2% starch in a CBP setting without the addition of supplementary enzymes. Based on the performance of this strain, an amylase/glucoamylase ratio of 1:2.5 was suggested as baseline for further improvement of the CBP ability. Overall, L20 showed important traits for the future construction of a proficient CBP yeast. As such, this work shows that natural S. cerevisiae strains can be used for the expression of foreign secreted enzymes, paving the way to strain improvement for the starch-to-bioethanol route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Gronchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Rosemary A Cripwell
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Marina Basaglia
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Johan M Thevelein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- NovelYeast Bv, Open Bio-Incubator, Erasmus High School, Jette, Belgium
| | - Willem H Van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Lorenzo Favaro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Sergio Casella
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
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12
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Initial Screening of Poly(ethylene glycol) Amino Ligands for Affinity Purification of Plasmid DNA in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111138. [PMID: 34833014 PMCID: PMC8619368 DOI: 10.3390/life11111138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy and DNA vaccination are among the most expected biotechnological and medical advances for the coming years. However, the lack of cost-effective large-scale production and purification of pharmaceutical-grade plasmid DNA (pDNA) still hampers their wide application. Downstream processing, which is mainly chromatography-based, of pDNA remains the key manufacturing step. Despite its high resolution, the scaling-up of chromatography is usually difficult and presents low capacity, resulting in low yields. Alternative methods that are based on aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) have been studied. Although higher yields may be obtained, its selectivity is often low. In this work, modified polymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatisation with amino groups (PEG–amine) or conjugation with positively charged amino acids (PEG–lysine, PEG–arginine, and PEG–histidine) were studied to increase the selectivity of PEG–dextran systems towards the partition of a model plasmid. A two-step strategy was employed to obtain suitable pure formulations of pDNA. In the first step, a PEG–dextran system with the addition of the affinity ligand was used with the recovery of the pDNA in the PEG-rich phase. Then, the pDNA was re-extracted to an ammonium-sulphate-rich phase in the second step. After removing the salt, this method yielded a purified preparation of pDNA without RNA and protein contamination.
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13
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Maumela P, Rose S, van Rensburg E, Chimphango AFA, Görgens JF. Bioprocess Optimisation for High Cell Density Endoinulinase Production from Recombinant Aspergillus niger. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3271-3286. [PMID: 34117627 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Endoinulinase gene was expressed in recombinant Aspergillus niger for selective and high-level expression using an exponential fed-batch fermentation. The effects of the growth rate (μ), glucose feed concentration, nitrogen concentration and fungal morphology on enzyme production were evaluated. A recombinant endoinulinase with a molecular weight of 66 kDa was secreted. Endoinulinase production was growth associated at μ> 0.04 h-1, which is characteristic of the constitutive gpd promoter used for the enzyme production. The highest volumetric activity (670 U/ml) was achieved at a growth rate of 93% of μmax (0.07 h-1), while enzyme activity (506 U/ml) and biomass substrate yield (0.043 gbiomassDW/gglucose) significantly decreased at low μ (0.04 h-1). Increasing the feed concentration resulted in high biomass concentrations and viscosity, which necessitated high agitation to enhance the mixing efficiency and oxygen. However, the high agitation and low DO levels (ca. 8% of saturation) led to pellet disruption and growth in dispersed morphology. Enzyme production profiles, product (Yp/s) and biomass (Yx/s) yield coefficients were not affected by feed concentration and morphological change. The gradual increase in the concentration of nitrogen sources showed that, a nitrogen limited culture was not suitable for endoinulinase production in recombinant A. niger. Moreover, the increase in enzyme volumetric activity was still directly related to an increase in biomass concentration. An increase in nitrogen concentration, from 3.8 to 12 g/L, resulted in volumetric activity increase from 393 to 670 U/ml, but the Yp/s (10053 U/gglucose) and Yx/s (0.049 gbiomasDWs/gglucose) did not significantly change. The data demonstrated the potential of recombinant A. niger and high cell density fermentation for the development of large-scale endoinulinase production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pfariso Maumela
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Shaunita Rose
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Eugéne van Rensburg
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | | | - Johann Ferdinand Görgens
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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14
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Myburgh MW, Rose SH, Viljoen-Bloom M. Evaluating and engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae promoters for increased amylase expression and bioethanol production from raw starch. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 20:5891427. [PMID: 32785598 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioethanol production from starchy biomass via consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) will benefit from amylolytic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that produce high levels of recombinant amylases. This could be achieved by using strong promoters and modification thereof to improve gene expression under industrial conditions. This study evaluated eight endogenous S. cerevisiae promoters for the expression of a starch-hydrolysing α-amylase gene. A total of six of the native promoters were modified to contain a promoter-proximal intron directly downstream of the full-length promoter. Varying results were obtained; four native promoters outperformed the ENO1P benchmark under aerobic conditions and two promoters showed better expression under simulated CBP conditions. The addition of the RPS25A intron significantly improved the expression from most promoters, displaying increased transcript levels, protein concentrations and amylase activities. Raw starch-utilising strains were constructed through co-expression of selected α-amylase cassettes and a glucoamylase gene. The amylolytic strains displayed improved fermentation vigour on raw corn starch and broken rice, reaching 97% of the theoretical ethanol yield and converting 100% of the available carbon to products within 120 h in small-scale CBP fermentations on broken rice. This study showed that enhanced amylolytic strains for the conversion of raw starch to ethanol can be achieved through turnkey promoter selection and/or engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthinus W Myburgh
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Shaunita H Rose
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Marinda Viljoen-Bloom
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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15
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16
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Park HE, Park JS, Park HT, Choi JG, Shin JI, Jung M, Kang HL, Baik SC, Lee WK, Kim D, Yoo HS, Shin MK. Alpha-2-Macroglobulin as a New Promising Biomarker Improving the Diagnostic Sensitivity of Bovine Paratuberculosis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:637716. [PMID: 33748212 PMCID: PMC7973028 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.637716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Johne's disease (JD) is a chronic granulomatous enteritis of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), which induces persistent diarrhea and cachexia. JD causes huge economic losses to the dairy industry due to reduced milk production and premature culling. Infected animals excrete MAP via feces during the prolonged subclinical stage without exhibiting any clinical signs. Therefore, accurate detection of subclinical stage animals is crucial for successful eradication of JD in the herd. In the current study, we analyzed serum samples of MAP-infected and non-infected cattle to identify potential biomarker candidates. First, we identified 12 differentially expressed serum proteins in subclinical and clinical shedder groups compared to the healthy control group. Second, we conducted ELISA for three selected biomarkers (alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), alpha-1-beta glycoprotein, and transthyretin) and compared their diagnostic performance with that of two commercial ELISA diagnostic kits. Serum A2M levels were significantly higher in the MAP-exposed, subclinical shedder, subclinical non-shedder, and clinical shedder groups than in the healthy control group, suggesting its possible use as a diagnostic biomarker for MAP infection. Furthermore, A2M demonstrated a sensitivity of 90.4%, and a specificity of 100% while the two commercial ELISA kits demonstrated a sensitivity of 67.83 and 73.04% and a specificity of 100%, respectively. In conclusion, our results suggest that measuring A2M by ELISA can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect MAP infection, considerably improving the detection rate of subclinical shedders and MAP-exposed animals that are undetectable using current diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Eui Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21Four and Bio-Max/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sik Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hong-Tae Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21Four and Bio-Max/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Gyu Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ih Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Lyun Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Baik
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Woo-Kon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Donghyuk Kim
- Schools of Energy & Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21Four and Bio-Max/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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17
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Rivera Del Alamo MM, Katila T, Palviainen M, Reilas T. Effects of intrauterine devices on proteins in the uterine lavage fluid of mares. Theriogenology 2021; 165:1-9. [PMID: 33601088 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine devices block luteolysis in cyclic mares, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. To clarify the mechanisms, the protein profile of the endometrial secretome was analyzed using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Twenty-seven mares were classified according to whether they were inseminated (AI) or had an intrauterine device (IUD), a water-filled plastic sphere, inserted into the uterus on Day 3 after ovulation. Uterine lavage fluids were collected on Day 15 from pregnant inseminated mares (AI-P; n = 8), non-pregnant inseminated mares (AI-N; n = 4), and mares with IUD (n = 15). The IUD group was further divided into prolonged (IUD-P; n = 7) and normal luteal phase (IUD-N; n = 8) groups on the basis of ultrasound examinations, serum levels of progesterone and PGFM on Days 14 and 15, and COX-2 results on Day 15. Four mares from each group were selected for the 2D-DIGE analyses. Ten proteins had significantly different abundance among the groups, nine of the proteins were identified. Malate dehydrogenase 1, increased sodium tolerance 1, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1, prostaglandin reductase 1, albumin and hemoglobin were highest in pregnant mares; T-complex protein 1 was highest in non-pregnant mares; and annexin A1 and 6-phosphogluconolactonase were highest in IUD mares. The results suggest that the mechanism behind the intrauterine devices is likely related to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Rivera Del Alamo
- Unit of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Travessera Dels Turons S/n Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - T Katila
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - M Palviainen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - T Reilas
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland.
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18
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Oligomerization Profile of Human Transthyretin Variants with Distinct Amyloidogenicity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235698. [PMID: 33287192 PMCID: PMC7730986 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the molecular hallmarks of amyloidoses is ordered protein aggregation involving the initial formation of soluble protein oligomers that eventually grow into insoluble fibrils. The identification and characterization of molecular species critical for amyloid fibril formation and disease development have been the focus of intense analysis in the literature. Here, using photo-induced cross-linking of unmodified proteins (PICUP), we studied the early stages of oligomerization of human transthyretin (TTR), a plasma protein involved in amyloid diseases (ATTR amyloidosis) with multiple clinical manifestations. Upon comparison, the oligomerization processes of wild-type TTR (TTRwt) and several TTR variants (TTRV30M, TTRL55P, and TTRT119M) clearly show distinct oligomerization kinetics for the amyloidogenic variants but a similar oligomerization mechanism. The oligomerization kinetics of the TTR amyloidogenic variants under analysis showed a good correlation with their amyloidogenic potential, with the most amyloidogenic variants aggregating faster (TTRL55P > TTRV30M > TTRwt). Moreover, the early stage oligomerization mechanism for these variants involves stepwise addition of monomeric units to the growing oligomer. A completely different behavior was observed for the nonamyloidogenic TTRT119M variant, which does not form oligomers in the same acidic conditions and even for longer incubation times. Thorough characterization of the initial steps of TTR oligomerization is critical for better understanding the origin of ATTR cytotoxicity and developing novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ATTR amyloidosis.
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19
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Isolation, characterization and regulation of moonlighting proteases from Candida glabrata cell wall. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Kukkurainen S, Azizi L, Zhang P, Jacquier MC, Baikoghli M, von Essen M, Tuukkanen A, Laitaoja M, Liu X, Rahikainen R, Orłowski A, Jänis J, Määttä JAE, Varjosalo M, Vattulainen I, Róg T, Svergun D, Cheng RH, Wu J, Hytönen VP, Wehrle-Haller B. The F1 loop of the talin head domain acts as a gatekeeper in integrin activation and clustering. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs239202. [PMID: 33046605 PMCID: PMC10679385 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin activation and clustering by talin are early steps of cell adhesion. Membrane-bound talin head domain and kindlin bind to the β integrin cytoplasmic tail, cooperating to activate the heterodimeric integrin, and the talin head domain induces integrin clustering in the presence of Mn2+ Here we show that kindlin-1 can replace Mn2+ to mediate β3 integrin clustering induced by the talin head, but not that induced by the F2-F3 fragment of talin. Integrin clustering mediated by kindlin-1 and the talin head was lost upon deletion of the flexible loop within the talin head F1 subdomain. Further mutagenesis identified hydrophobic and acidic motifs in the F1 loop responsible for β3 integrin clustering. Modeling, computational and cysteine crosslinking studies showed direct and catalytic interactions of the acidic F1 loop motif with the juxtamembrane domains of α- and β3-integrins, in order to activate the β3 integrin heterodimer, further detailing the mechanism by which the talin-kindlin complex activates and clusters integrins. Moreover, the F1 loop interaction with the β3 integrin tail required the newly identified compact FERM fold of the talin head, which positions the F1 loop next to the inner membrane clasp of the talin-bound integrin heterodimer.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampo Kukkurainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Latifeh Azizi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Pingfeng Zhang
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Jacquier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Mo Baikoghli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Magdaléna von Essen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Tuukkanen
- EMBL Hamburg c/o DESY, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Mikko Laitaoja
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rolle Rahikainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Adam Orłowski
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Jänis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Juha A E Määttä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dmitri Svergun
- EMBL Hamburg c/o DESY, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Holland Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Grabsztunowicz M, Rokka A, Farooq I, Aro EM, Mulo P. Gel-based proteomic map of Arabidopsis thaliana root plastids and mitochondria. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:413. [PMID: 32887556 PMCID: PMC7650296 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-photosynthetic plastids of plants are known to be involved in a range of metabolic and biosynthetic reactions, even if they have been difficult to study due to their small size and lack of color. The morphology of root plastids is heterogeneous and also the plastid size, density and subcellular distribution varies depending on the cell type and developmental stage, and therefore the functional features have remained obscure. Although the root plastid proteome is likely to reveal specific functional features, Arabidopsis thaliana root plastid proteome has not been studied to date. RESULTS In the present study, we separated Arabidopsis root protein fraction enriched with plastids and mitochondria by 2D-PAGE and identified 84 plastid-targeted and 77 mitochondrion-targeted proteins using LC-MS/MS. The most prevalent root plastid protein categories represented amino acid biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and lipid biosynthesis pathways, while the enzymes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism were not detected. Mitochondrion-targeted proteins were classified mainly into the energetics category. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study presenting gel-based map of Arabidopsis thaliana root plastid and mitochondrial proteome. Our findings suggest that Arabidopsis root plastids have broad biosynthetic capacity, and that they do not play a major role in a long-term storage of carbohydrates. The proteomic map provides a tool for further studies to compare changes in the proteome, e.g. in response to environmental cues, and emphasizes the role of root plastids in nitrogen and sulfur metabolism as well as in amino acid and fatty acid biosynthesis. The results enable taking a first step towards an integrated view of root plastid/mitochondrial proteome and metabolic functions in Arabidopsis thaliana roots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Rokka
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Irum Farooq
- Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Paula Mulo
- Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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Protein Identification of Venoms of the African Spitting Cobras, Naja mossambica and Naja nigricincta nigricincta. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12080520. [PMID: 32823821 PMCID: PMC7472217 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12080520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobra snakes, including Naja mossambica and Naja nigricincta nigricincta, are one of the major groups of snakes responsible for snakebites in southern Africa, producing significant cytotoxicity and tissue damage. The venom of N. mossambica has been briefly characterised, but that of N. n. nigricincta is not reported. The current study identifies the venom proteins of N. mossambica and N. n. nigricincta. This is achieved using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel eletrophroresis (PAGE), followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Most of the proteins were less than 17 kDa in both snakes. N. mossambica was found to have 75 proteins in total (from 16 protein families), whereas N.n. nigricincta had 73 (from 16 protein families). Of these identified proteins, 57 were common in both snakes. The proteins identified belonged to various families, including the three-finger toxins (3FTx), Cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRiSP), Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and Venom metalloproteinase M12B (SVMP). The current study contributes to the profile knowledge of snake venom compositions, which is of fundamental value in understanding the proteins that play a major role in envenomation.
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Sakwa L, Cripwell RA, Rose SH, Viljoen-Bloom M. Consolidated bioprocessing of raw starch with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing fungal alpha-amylase and glucoamylase combinations. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 18:5061630. [PMID: 30085077 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cost-effective consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of raw starch for biofuel production requires recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing α-amylases and glucoamylases. Native Aureobasidium pullulans apuA, Aspergillus terreus ateA, Cryptococcus sp. S-2 cryA and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera sfiA genes encoding raw-starch α-amylases were cloned and expressed in the S. cerevisiae Y294 laboratory strain. Recombinant S. cerevisiae Y294[ApuA] and Y294[AteA] strains produced the highest extracellular α-amylase activities (2.17 U mL-1 and 2.98 U mL-1, respectively). Both the ApuA and AteA α-amylases displayed a preference for pH 4 to 5 and retained more than 75% activity after 5 days at 30°C. When ateA was co-expressed with the previously reported Aspergillus. tubingensis glucoamylase gene (glaA), the amylolytic S. cerevisiae Y294[AteA-GlaA] strain produced 45.77 g L-1 ethanol after 6 days. Ethanol production by this strain was improved with the addition of either 2.83 μL STARGEN 002 (54.54 g L-1 ethanol and 70.44% carbon conversion) or 20 μL commercial glucoamylase from Sigma-Aldrich (73.80 g L-1 ethanol and 90.19% carbon conversion). This is the first report of an engineered yeast strain that can replace up to 90% of the enzymes required for raw starch hydrolysis, and thus contributes to the realisation of a CBP yeast for starch-based biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sakwa
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - R A Cripwell
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - S H Rose
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - M Viljoen-Bloom
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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Cripwell RA, Rose SH, Viljoen-Bloom M, van Zyl WH. Improved raw starch amylase production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae using codon optimisation strategies. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 19:5237704. [PMID: 30535120 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amylases are used in a variety of industries that have a specific need for alternative enzymes capable of hydrolysing raw starch. Five α-amylase and five glucoamylase-encoding genes were expressed in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y294 laboratory strain to select for recombinant strains that best hydrolysed raw corn starch. Gene variants of four amylases were designed using codon optimisation and different secretion signals. The significant difference in activity levels among the gene variants confirms that codon optimisation of fungal genes for expression in S. cerevisiae does not guarantee improved recombinant protein production. The codon-optimised glucoamylase variant from Talaromyces emersonii (temG_Opt) yielded 3.3-fold higher extracellular activity relative to the native temG, whereas the codon-optimised T. emersonii α-amylase (temA_Opt) yielded 1.6-fold more extracellular activity than the native temA. The effect of four terminator sequences was also investigated using temG and temG_Opt as reporter genes, with the ALY2T terminator resulting in a 14% increase in glucoamylase activity relative to the gene cassettes containing the ENO1T terminator. This is the first report of engineered S. cerevisiae strains to express T. emersonii amylase variants, and these enzymes may have potential applications in the industrial conversion of raw starch under fermentation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary A Cripwell
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, JC Smuts Building, De Beer Street, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Shaunita H Rose
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, JC Smuts Building, De Beer Street, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Marinda Viljoen-Bloom
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, JC Smuts Building, De Beer Street, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Willem H van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, JC Smuts Building, De Beer Street, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
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Ahlstrand T, Torittu A, Elovaara H, Välimaa H, Pöllänen MT, Kasvandik S, Högbom M, Ihalin R. Interactions between the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans secretin HofQ and host cytokines indicate a link between natural competence and interleukin-8 uptake. Virulence 2018; 9:1205-1223. [PMID: 30088437 PMCID: PMC6086316 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1499378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally competent bacteria acquire DNA from their surroundings to survive in nutrient-poor environments and incorporate DNA into their genomes as new genes for improved survival. The secretin HofQ from the oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been associated with DNA uptake. Cytokine sequestering is a potential virulence mechanism in various bacteria and may modulate both host defense and bacterial physiology. The objective of this study was to elucidate a possible connection between natural competence and cytokine uptake in A. actinomycetemcomitans. The extramembranous domain of HofQ (emHofQ) was shown to interact with various cytokines, of which IL-8 exhibited the strongest interaction. The dissociation constant between emHofQ and IL-8 was 43 nM in static settings and 2.4 μM in dynamic settings. The moderate binding affinity is consistent with the hypothesis that emHofQ recognizes cytokines before transporting them into the cells. The interaction site was identified via crosslinking and mutational analysis. By structural comparison, relateda type I KH domain with a similar interaction site was detected in the Neisseria meningitidis secretin PilQ, which has been shown to participate in IL-8 uptake. Deletion of hofQ from the A. actinomycetemcomitans genome decreased the overall biofilm formation of this organism, abolished the response to cytokines, i.e., decreased eDNA levels in the presence of cytokines, and increased the susceptibility of the biofilm to tested β-lactams. Moreover, we showed that recombinant IL-8 interacted with DNA. These results can be used in further studies on the specific role of cytokine uptake in bacterial virulence without interfering with natural-competence-related DNA uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli Ahlstrand
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Annamari Torittu
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Heli Elovaara
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Hannamari Välimaa
- b Department of Virology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,c Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Marja T Pöllänen
- d Institute of Dentistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Sergo Kasvandik
- e Institute of Technology , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Martin Högbom
- f Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Riikka Ihalin
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
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Azinas S, Bano F, Torca I, Bamford DH, Schwartz GA, Esnaola J, Oksanen HM, Richter RP, Abrescia NG. Membrane-containing virus particles exhibit the mechanics of a composite material for genome protection. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:7769-7779. [PMID: 29658555 PMCID: PMC5944389 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00196k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The protection of the viral genome during extracellular transport is an absolute requirement for virus survival and replication. In addition to the almost universal proteinaceous capsids, certain viruses add a membrane layer that encloses their double-stranded (ds) DNA genome within the protein shell. Using the membrane-containing enterobacterial virus PRD1 as a prototype, and a combination of nanoindentation assays by atomic force microscopy and finite element modelling, we show that PRD1 provides a greater stability against mechanical stress than that achieved by the majority of dsDNA icosahedral viruses that lack a membrane. We propose that the combination of a stiff and brittle proteinaceous shell coupled with a soft and compliant membrane vesicle yields a tough composite nanomaterial well-suited to protect the viral DNA during extracellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Azinas
- Molecular recognition and host–pathogen interactions programme , CIC bioGUNE , CIBERehd , Derio , Spain
- Biosurfaces Lab , CIC biomaGUNE , San Sebastian , Spain
| | - F. Bano
- Biosurfaces Lab , CIC biomaGUNE , San Sebastian , Spain
| | - I. Torca
- Mechanical and Industrial Production Department , Mondragon University , Arrasate-Mondragón , Spain
| | - D. H. Bamford
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Viikki Biocenter , University of Helsinki , Finland
| | - G. A. Schwartz
- Centro de Física de Materiales , (CSIC-UPV/EHU) & Donostia International Physics Center , San Sebastian , Spain
| | - J. Esnaola
- Mechanical and Industrial Production Department , Mondragon University , Arrasate-Mondragón , Spain
| | - H. M. Oksanen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Viikki Biocenter , University of Helsinki , Finland
| | - R. P. Richter
- Biosurfaces Lab , CIC biomaGUNE , San Sebastian , Spain
- School of Biomedical Sciences , Faculty of Biological Sciences , School of Physics and Astronomy , Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences , and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology University of Leeds , Leeds , UK . ; Tel: +44 113 3431969
| | - N. G. Abrescia
- Molecular recognition and host–pathogen interactions programme , CIC bioGUNE , CIBERehd , Derio , Spain
- IKERBASQUE , Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain . ; Fax: +34 946572502 ; Tel: +34 946572523
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Frohnmeyer E, Deptula P, Nyman TA, Laine PKS, Vihinen H, Paulin L, Auvinen P, Jokitalo E, Piironen V, Varmanen P, Savijoki K. Secretome profiling of Propionibacterium freudenreichii reveals highly variable responses even among the closely related strains. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:510-526. [PMID: 29488359 PMCID: PMC5902329 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the secretomes (proteins exported out of the cell) of Propionibacterium freudenreichii of different origin to identify plausible adaptation factors. Phylosecretomics indicated strain‐specific variation in secretion of adhesins/invasins (SlpA, InlA), cell‐wall hydrolysing (NlpC60 peptidase, transglycosylase), protective (RpfB) and moonlighting (DnaK, GroEL, GaPDH, IDH, ENO, ClpB) enzymes and/or proteins. Detailed secretome comparison suggested that one of the cereal strains (JS14) released a tip fimbrillin (FimB) in to the extracellular milieu, which was in line with the electron microscopy and genomic analyses, indicating the lack of surface‐associated fimbrial‐like structures, predicting a mutated type‐2 fimbrial gene cluster (fimB‐fimA‐srtC2) and production of anchorless FimB. Instead, the cereal strain produced high amounts of SlpB that tentatively mediated adherent growth on hydrophilic surface and adherence to hydrophobic material. One of the dairy strains (JS22), producing non‐covalently bound surface‐proteins (LspA, ClpB, AraI) and releasing SlpA and InlA into the culture medium, was found to form clumps under physiological conditions. The JS22 strain lacked SlpB and displayed a non‐clumping and biofilm‐forming phenotype only under conditions of increased ionic strength (300 mM NaCl). However, this strain cultured under the same conditions was not adherent to hydrophobic support, which supports the contributory role of SlpB in mediating hydrophobic interactions. Thus, this study reports significant secretome variation in P. freudenreichii and suggests that strain‐specific differences in protein export, modification and protein–protein interactions have been the driving forces behind the adaptation of this bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Frohnmeyer
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Paulina Deptula
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pia K S Laine
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Lab, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Helena Vihinen
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Lars Paulin
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Lab, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Petri Auvinen
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Lab, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Vieno Piironen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Pekka Varmanen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Kirsi Savijoki
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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Guo X, Guo H, Zhao L, Zhang YH, Zhang JX. Two predominant MUPs, OBP3 and MUP13, are male pheromones in rats. Front Zool 2018; 15:6. [PMID: 29483934 PMCID: PMC5824612 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-018-0254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rats, urine-borne male pheromones comprise organic volatile compounds and major urinary proteins (MUPs). A number of volatile pheromones have been reported, but no MUP pheromones have been identified in rat urine. RESULTS We used sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IEF), nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) after in gel digestion of the proteins and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and showed that the levels of two MUPs, odorant-binding protein 3 (OBP3) (i.e. PGCL4) and MUP13 (i.e. PGCL1), in urine and their mRNAs in liver were higher in males than in females and were suppressed by orchidectomy and restored by testosterone treatment (T treatment). We then generated recombinant MUPs (rMUPs) and found that the sexual attractiveness of urine from castrated males to females significantly increased after the addition of either recombinant OBP3 (rOBP3) or recombinant MUP13 (rMUP13). Using c-Fos immunohistochemistry, we further examined neuronal activation in the brains of female rats after they sniffed rOBP3 or rMUP13. Both rOBP3 and rMUP13 activated the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), medial preoptic area (MPA), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), medial amygdala (MeA), posteromedial cortical amygdala (PMCo) and ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), which participate in the neural circuits responsible for pheromone-induced sexual behaviours. In particular, more c-Fos-immunopositive (c-Fos-ir) cells were observed in the posterior AOB than in the anterior AOB. CONCLUSIONS The expression of OBP3 and MUP13 was male-biased and androgen-dependent. They attracted females and activated brain areas related to sexual behaviours in female rats, suggesting that both OBP3 and MUP13 are male pheromones in rats. Particularly, an OBP excreted into urine was exemplified to be a chemical signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Huifen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yao-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Jian-Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101 China
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Huwyler C, Heiniger N, Chomel BB, Kim M, Kasten RW, Koehler JE. Dynamics of Co-Infection with Bartonella henselae Genotypes I and II in Naturally Infected Cats: Implications for Feline Vaccine Development. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 74:474-484. [PMID: 28150014 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-0936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bartonella henselae is an emerging bacterial pathogen causing cat-scratch disease and potentially fatal bacillary angiomatosis in humans. Bacteremic cats constitute a large reservoir for human infection. Although feline vaccination is a potential strategy to prevent human infection, selection of appropriate B. henselae strains is critical for successful vaccine development. Two distinct genotypes of B. henselae (type I, type II) have been identified and are known to co-infect the feline host, but very little is known about the interaction of these two genotypes during co-infection in vivo. To study the in vivo dynamics of type I and type II co-infection, we evaluated three kittens that were naturally flea-infected with both B. henselae type I and type II. Fifty individual bloodstream isolates from each of the cats over multiple time points were molecularly typed (by 16S rRNA gene sequencing), to determine the prevalence of the two genotypes over 2 years of persistent infection. We found that both B. henselae genotypes were transmitted simultaneously to each cat via natural flea infestation, resulting in mixed infection with both genotypes. Although the initial infection was predominately type I, after the first 2 months, the isolated genotype shifted to exclusively type II, which then persisted with a relapsing pattern. Understanding the parameters of protection against both genotypes of B. henselae, and the competitive dynamics in vivo between the two genotypes, will be critical in the development of a successful feline vaccine that can ultimately prevent B. henselae transmission to human contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Huwyler
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Defense Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0654, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., Room S-380, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0654, USA
| | - Nadja Heiniger
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Defense Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0654, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., Room S-380, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0654, USA
| | - Bruno B Chomel
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Defense Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0654, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., Room S-380, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0654, USA
| | - Rickie W Kasten
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jane E Koehler
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Defense Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0654, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., Room S-380, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0654, USA.
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Seo JH, Youn JH, Kim EA, Jun JS, Park JS, Yeom JS, Lim JY, Woo HO, Youn HS, Ko GH, Park JS, Baik SC, Lee WK, Cho MJ, Rhee KH. Helicobacter pylori Antigens Inducing Early Immune Response in Infants. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:1139-1146. [PMID: 28581271 PMCID: PMC5461318 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.7.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the Helicobacter pylori antigens operating during early infection in sera from infected infants using proteomics and immunoblot analysis. Two-dimensional (2D) large and small gel electrophoresis was performed using H. pylori strain 51. We performed 2D immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody immunoblotting using small gels on sera collected at the Gyeongsang National University Hospital from 4-11-month-old infants confirmed with H. pylori infection by pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy. Immunoblot spots appearing to represent early infection markers in infant sera were compared to those of the large 2D gel for H. pylori strain 51. Corresponding spots were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The peptide fingerprints obtained were searched in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Eight infant patients were confirmed with H. pylori infection based on urease tests, histopathologic examinations, and pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy. One infant showed a 2D IgM immunoblot pattern that seemed to represent early infection. Immunoblot spots were compared with those from whole-cell extracts of H. pylori strain 51 and 18 spots were excised, digested in gel, and analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS. Of the 10 peptide fingerprints obtained, the H. pylori proteins flagellin A (FlaA), urease β subunit (UreB), pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (POR), and translation elongation factor Ts (EF-Ts) were identified and appeared to be active during the early infection periods. These results might aid identification of serological markers for the serodiagnosis of early H. pylori infection in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Youn
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Eun A Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jin Su Jun
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ji Sook Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jung Sook Yeom
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jae Young Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hyang Ok Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hee Shang Youn
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.
| | - Gyung Hyuck Ko
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jin Sik Park
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Seung Chul Baik
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Woo Kon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Myung Je Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Rhee
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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Leung N, Barnidge DR, Hutchison CA. Laboratory testing in monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS). Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 54:929-37. [PMID: 27107835 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-0994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) reclassified all monoclonal (M) gammopathies that are associated with the development of a kidney disease but do not meet the definition of symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) or malignant lymphoma. The purpose was to distinguish the M gammopathy as the nephrotoxic agent independent from the clonal mass. The diagnosis of MGRS obviously depends on the detection of the M-protein. More importantly, the success of treatment is correlated with the reduction of the M-protein. Therefore, familiarity with the M-protein tests is a must. Protein electrophoresis performed in serum or urine is inexpensive and rapid due to automation. However, poor sensitivity especially with the urine is an issue particularly with the low-level M gammopathy often encountered with MGRS. Immunofixation adds to the sensitivity and specificity but also the cost. Serum free light chain (sFLC) assays have significantly increased the sensitivity of M-protein detection and is relatively inexpensive. It is important to recognize that there is more than one assay on the market and their results are not interchangeable. In addition, in certain diseases, immunofixation is more sensitive than sFLC. Finally, novel techniques with promising results are adding to the ability to identify M-proteins. Using the time of flight method, the use of mass spectrometry of serum samples has been shown to dramatically increase the sensitivity of M-protein detection. In another technique, oligomeric LCs are identified on urinary exosomes amplifying the specificity for the nephrotoxic M-protein.
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Cripwell RA, Rose SH, van Zyl WH. Expression and comparison of codon optimised Aspergillus tubingensis amylase variants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fox040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Deptula P, Chamlagain B, Edelmann M, Sangsuwan P, Nyman TA, Savijoki K, Piironen V, Varmanen P. Food-Like Growth Conditions Support Production of Active Vitamin B12 by Propionibacterium freudenreichii 2067 without DMBI, the Lower Ligand Base, or Cobalt Supplementation. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:368. [PMID: 28337185 PMCID: PMC5340759 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a traditional dairy bacterium and a producer of short chain fatty acids (propionic and acetic acids) as well as vitamin B12. In food applications, it is a promising organism for in situ fortification with B12 vitamin since it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and it is able to synthesize biologically active form of the vitamin. In the present study, vitamin B12 and pseudovitamin biosynthesis by P. freudenreichii was monitored by UHPLC as a function of growth in food-like conditions using a medium mimicking cheese environment, without cobalt or 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMBI) supplementation. Parallel growth experiments were performed in industrial-type medium known to support the biosynthesis of vitamin B12. The production of other key metabolites in the two media were determined by HPLC, while the global protein production was compared by gel-based proteomics to assess the effect of growth conditions on the physiological status of the strain and on the synthesis of different forms of vitamin. The results revealed distinct protein and metabolite production, which reflected the growth conditions and the potential of P. freudenreichii for synthesizing nutritionally relevant amounts of active vitamin B12 regardless of the metabolic state of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Deptula
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bhawani Chamlagain
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minnamari Edelmann
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Panchanit Sangsuwan
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Savijoki
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vieno Piironen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Varmanen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
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Lorey MB, Rossi K, Eklund KK, Nyman TA, Matikainen S. Global Characterization of Protein Secretion from Human Macrophages Following Non-canonical Caspase-4/5 Inflammasome Activation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:S187-S199. [PMID: 28196878 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.064840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria are associated with a wide spectrum of infectious diseases in humans. Inflammasomes are cytosolic protein complexes that are assembled when the cell encounters pathogens or other harmful agents. The non-canonical caspase-4/5 inflammasome is activated by Gram-negative bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and by endogenous oxidized phospholipids. Protein secretion is a critical component of the innate immune response. Here, we have used label-free quantitative proteomics to characterize global protein secretion in response to non-canonical inflammasome activation upon intracellular LPS recognition in human primary macrophages. Before proteomics, the total secretome was separated into two fractions, enriched extracellular vesicle (EV) fraction and rest-secretome (RS) fraction using size-exclusion centrifugation. We identified 1048 proteins from the EV fraction and 1223 proteins from the RS fraction. From these, 640 were identified from both fractions suggesting that the non-canonical inflammasome activates multiple, partly overlapping protein secretion pathways. We identified several secreted proteins that have a critical role in host response against severe Gram-negative bacterial infection. The soluble secretome (RS fraction) was highly enriched with inflammation-associated proteins upon intracellular LPS recognition. Several ribosomal proteins were highly abundant in the EV fraction upon infection, and our data strongly suggest that secretion of translational machinery and concomitant inhibition of translation are important parts of host response against Gram-negative bacteria sensing caspase-4/5 inflammasome. Intracellular recognition of LPS resulted in the secretion of two metalloproteinases, adisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) and MMP14, in the enriched EV fraction. ADAM10 release was associated with the secretion of TNF, a key inflammatory cytokine, and M-CSF, an important growth factor for myeloid cells probably through ADAM10-dependent membrane shedding of these cytokines. Caspase-4/5 inflammasome activation also resulted in secretion of danger-associated molecules S100A8 and prothymosin-α in the enriched EV fraction. Both S100A8 and prothymosin-α are ligands for toll-like receptor 4 recognizing extracellular LPS, and they may contribute to endotoxic shock during non-canonical inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina B Lorey
- From the ‡Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katriina Rossi
- From the ‡Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari K Eklund
- From the ‡Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- §Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet Oslo, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Sampsa Matikainen
- From the ‡Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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Demina TA, Atanasova NS, Pietilä MK, Oksanen HM, Bamford DH. Vesicle-like virion of Haloarcula hispanica pleomorphic virus 3 preserves high infectivity in saturated salt. Virology 2016; 499:40-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Välimäki E, Cypryk W, Virkanen J, Nurmi K, Turunen PM, Eklund KK, Åkerman KE, Nyman TA, Matikainen S. Calpain Activity Is Essential for ATP-Driven Unconventional Vesicle-Mediated Protein Secretion and Inflammasome Activation in Human Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3315-3325. [PMID: 27638862 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP is an endogenous danger signal that is known to activate inflammatory responses in innate immune cells, including macrophages. Activated macrophages start to secrete proteins to induce an immune response, as well as to recruit other immune cells to the site of infection and tissue damage. In this study, we characterized the secretome (i.e., the global pattern of secreted proteins) of ATP-stimulated human macrophages. We show that ATP stimulation activates robust vesicle-mediated unconventional protein secretion, including exosome release and membrane shedding, from human macrophages. Pathway analysis of the identified secreted proteins showed that calpain-related pathways were overrepresented in the secretome of ATP-stimulated cells. In accordance with this, calpains, which are calcium-dependent nonlysosomal cysteine proteases, were activated upon ATP stimulation through a P2X purinoceptor 7 receptor-dependent pathway. Functional studies demonstrated that calpain activity is essential for the P2X purinoceptor 7 receptor-mediated activation of unconventional protein secretion. Unconventional protein secretion was followed by cell necrosis and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated secretion of the mature form of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Furthermore, ATP-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation was also dependent on calpain activity. Interestingly, pro-IL-1β and inflammasome components ASC and caspase-1 were released by ATP-activated macrophages through a vesicle-mediated secretion pathway. In conclusion, to our knowledge, we provide the first global characterization of proteins secreted by ATP-activated human macrophages and show a pivotal role for calpains in the activation of the inflammatory response during ATP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Välimäki
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wojciech Cypryk
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juhani Virkanen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Nurmi
- Division of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University, 00015 Helsinki, Finland; and
| | - Pauli M Turunen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari K Eklund
- Division of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University, 00015 Helsinki, Finland; and
| | - Karl E Åkerman
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Matikainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; .,Division of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University, 00015 Helsinki, Finland; and
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Jesus CSH, Almeida ZL, Vaz DC, Faria TQ, Brito RMM. A New Folding Kinetic Mechanism for Human Transthyretin and the Influence of the Amyloidogenic V30M Mutation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1428. [PMID: 27589730 PMCID: PMC5037707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation into insoluble amyloid fibrils is the hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, chief among them Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Although caused by different proteins, these pathologies share some basic molecular mechanisms with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), a rare hereditary neuropathy caused by amyloid formation and deposition by transthyretin (TTR) in the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems. Among the amyloidogenic TTR mutations known, V30M-TTR is the most common in FAP. TTR amyloidogenesis (ATTR) is triggered by tetramer dissociation, followed by partial unfolding and aggregation of the low conformational stability monomers formed. Thus, tetramer dissociation kinetics, monomer conformational stability and competition between refolding and aggregation pathways do play a critical role in ATTR. Here, we propose a new model to analyze the refolding kinetics of WT-TTR and V30M-TTR, showing that at pH and protein concentrations close to physiological, a two-step mechanism with a unimolecular first step followed by a second-order second step adjusts well to the experimental data. Interestingly, although sharing the same kinetic mechanism, V30M-TTR refolds at a much slower rate than WT-TTR, a feature that may favor the formation of transient species leading to kinetic partition into amyloidogenic pathways and, thus, significantly increasing the probability of amyloid formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina S H Jesus
- Chemistry Department and Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal.
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.
| | - Zaida L Almeida
- Chemistry Department and Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal.
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.
| | - Daniela C Vaz
- Chemistry Department and Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal.
- Health Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, Leiria 2411-901, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Q Faria
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.
| | - Rui M M Brito
- Chemistry Department and Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal.
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.
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Generation of Anti-Boa Immunoglobulin Antibodies for Serodiagnostic Applications, and Their Use to Detect Anti-Reptarenavirus Antibodies in Boa Constrictor. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158417. [PMID: 27355360 PMCID: PMC4927170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Igs), the key effectors of the adaptive immune system, mediate the specific recognition of foreign structures, i.e. antigens. In mammals, IgM production commonly precedes the production of IgG in the response to an infection. The reptilian counterpart of IgG is IgY, but the exact kinetics of the reptilian immune response are less well known. Boid inclusion body disease (BIBD), an often fatal disease of captive boas and pythons has been linked to reptarenavirus infection, and BIBD is believed to be immunosuppressive. However, so far, the study of the serological response towards reptarenaviruses in BIBD has been hampered by the lack of reagents. Thus we set up a purification protocol for boa constrictor IgY and IgM, which should also be applicable for other snake species. We used centrifugal filter units, poly ethylene glycol precipitation and gel permeation chromatography to purify and separate the IgM and IgY fractions from boa constrictor serum, which we further used to immunise rabbits. We affinity purified IgM and IgY specific reagents from the produced antiserum, and labelled the reagents with horseradish peroxidase. Finally, using the sera of snakes with known exposure to reptarenaviruses we demonstrated that the newly generated reagents can be utilised for serodiagnostic purposes, such as immunoblotting and immunofluorescent staining. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show reptarenavirus-specific antibodies in boa constrictors.
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Favaro L, Viktor MJ, Rose SH, Viljoen-Bloom M, van Zyl WH, Basaglia M, Cagnin L, Casella S. Consolidated bioprocessing of starchy substrates into ethanol by industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains secreting fungal amylases. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:1751-60. [PMID: 25786804 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of a yeast strain that converts raw starch to ethanol in one step (called Consolidated Bioprocessing, CBP) could significantly reduce the commercial costs of starch-based bioethanol. An efficient amylolytic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain suitable for industrial bioethanol production was developed in this study. Codon-optimized variants of the Thermomyces lanuginosus glucoamylase (TLG1) and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera α-amylase (SFA1) genes were δ-integrated into two S. cerevisiae yeast with promising industrial traits, i.e., strains M2n and MEL2. The recombinant M2n[TLG1-SFA1] and MEL2[TLG1-SFA1] yeast displayed high enzyme activities on soluble and raw starch (up to 8118 and 4461 nkat/g dry cell weight, respectively) and produced about 64 g/L ethanol from 200 g/L raw corn starch in a bioreactor, corresponding to 55% of the theoretical maximum ethanol yield (g of ethanol/g of available glucose equivalent). Their starch-to-ethanol conversion efficiencies were even higher on natural sorghum and triticale substrates (62 and 73% of the theoretical yield, respectively). This is the first report of direct ethanol production from natural starchy substrates (without any pre-treatment or commercial enzyme addition) using industrial yeast strains co-secreting both a glucoamylase and α-amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Favaro
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università di Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Marko J Viktor
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Shaunita H Rose
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Willem H van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Marina Basaglia
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università di Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Cagnin
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università di Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Sergio Casella
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università di Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Quantitative analysis of the erythrocyte membrane proteins in polycythemia vera patients treated with hydroxycarbamide. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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42
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Rytkönen-Nissinen M, Saarelainen S, Randell J, Häyrinen J, Kalkkinen N, Virtanen T. IgE Reactivity of the Dog Lipocalin Allergen Can f 4 and the Development of a Sandwich ELISA for Its Quantification. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015; 7:384-92. [PMID: 25749774 PMCID: PMC4446637 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2015.7.4.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Divergent results on the IgE reactivity of dog-allergic subjects to Can f 4 have been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of Can f 4 in dog allergy and to develop an immunochemical method for measuring Can f 4 content in environmental samples. Methods We purified the natural dog allergen Can f 4 from a dog dander extract by monoclonal antibody-based affinity chromatography and generated its variant in a recombinant form. Sixty-three dog-allergic patients and 12 nonallergic control subjects were recruited in the study. The IgE-binding capacity of natural Can f 4 and its recombinant variant was assessed by ELISA, immunoblotting, and skin prick tests (SPT). Results Eighty-one percent of the dog-allergic patients showed a positive result to the immunoaffinity-purified natural Can f 4 in IgE ELISA, but only 46% in IgE immunoblotting. Respective results with the recombinant Can f 4 variant were 54% and 49%. SPT results reflected those obtained in ELISA and immunoblotting. The overall IgE reactivity of the immunoaffinity-purified natural Can f 4 was found to depend strongly on the integrity of the allergen's conformation. A sandwich ELISA based on monoclonal antibodies was found to be functional for measuring Can f 4 in environmental samples. Conclusions Can f 4 is a major allergen of dog together with Can f 1 and Can f 5. In combination with other dog allergens, it improves the reliability of allergy tests in dog allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Rytkönen-Nissinen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland.; Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland.
| | - Soili Saarelainen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
| | - Jukka Randell
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Häyrinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
| | - Nisse Kalkkinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Virtanen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
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Espino E, Koskenniemi K, Mato-Rodriguez L, Nyman TA, Reunanen J, Koponen J, Öhman T, Siljamäki P, Alatossava T, Varmanen P, Savijoki K. Uncovering Surface-Exposed Antigens of Lactobacillus rhamnosus by Cell Shaving Proteomics and Two-Dimensional Immunoblotting. J Proteome Res 2014; 14:1010-24. [DOI: 10.1021/pr501041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Espino
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and §Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Lourdes Mato-Rodriguez
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and §Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Pia Siljamäki
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and §Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Alatossava
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and §Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Varmanen
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and §Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Savijoki
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and §Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Puumalainen TJ, Puustinen A, Poikonen S, Turjanmaa K, Palosuo T, Vaali K. Proteomic identification of allergenic seed proteins, napin and cruciferin, from cold-pressed rapeseed oils. Food Chem 2014; 175:381-5. [PMID: 25577095 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Finland and France atopic children commonly react to seeds of oilseed rape and turnip rape in skin prick tests (SPT) and open food challenges. These seeds are not as such in dietary use and therefore the routes of sensitization are unknown. Possible allergens were extracted from commercial cold-pressed and refined rapeseed oils and identified by gel-based tandem nanoflow liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Napin (a 2S albumin), earlier identified as a major allergen in the seeds of oilseed rape and turnip rape, and cruciferin (an 11S globulin), a new potential seed allergen, were detected in cold-pressed oils, but not in refined oils. Pooled sera from five children sensitized or allergic to oilseed rape and turnip rape seeds reacted to these proteins from cold-pressed oil preparations and individual sera from five children reacted to these proteins extracted from the seeds when examined with IgE immunoblotting. Hence cold-pressed rapeseed oil might be one possible route of sensitization for these allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Puumalainen
- Haartman Institute, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Finland; Immune Response Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Puustinen
- Unit of Immunotoxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Poikonen
- Department of Dermatology, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - K Turjanmaa
- Department of Dermatology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - T Palosuo
- Immune Response Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Vaali
- Haartman Institute, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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45
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Salomäki T, Karonen T, Siljamäki P, Savijoki K, Nyman TA, Varmanen P, Iivanainen A. A Streptococcus uberis transposon mutant screen reveals a negative role for LiaR homologue in biofilm formation. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 118:1-10. [PMID: 25308550 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The environmental pathogen Streptococcus uberis causes intramammary infections in dairy cows. Because biofilm growth might contribute to Strep. uberis mastitis, we conducted a biological screen to identify genes potentially involved in the regulation of biofilm growth. METHODS AND RESULTS By screening a transposon mutant library of Strep. uberis, we determined that the disruption of 13 genes (including hasA, coaC, clpP, miaA, nox and uidA) led to increased biofilm formation. One of the genes (SUB1382) encoded a homologue of the LiaR response regulator (RR) of the Bacillus subtilis two-component signalling system (TCS). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that DNA binding by LiaR was greatly enhanced by phosphorylation. Two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis analyses of the liaR mutant and the parental Strep. uberis strain revealed five differentially produced proteins with at least a 1·5-fold change in relative abundance (P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS The DNA-binding protein LiaR is a potential regulator of biofilm formation by Strep. uberis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Several molecular primary and downstream targets involved in biofilm formation by Strep. uberis were identified. This provides a solid foundation for further studies on the regulation of biofilm formation in this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Salomäki
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Costa L, Esteves AC, Correia A, Moreirinha C, Delgadillo I, Cunha Â, Neves MGPS, Faustino MAF, Almeida A. SDS-PAGE and IR spectroscopy to evaluate modifications in the viral protein profile induced by a cationic porphyrinic photosensitizer. J Virol Methods 2014; 209:103-9. [PMID: 25241141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species can be responsible for microbial photodynamic inactivation due to its toxic effects, which include severe damage to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. In this study, the photo-oxidative modifications of the proteins of a non-enveloped T4-like bacteriophage, induced by the cationic porphyrin 5,10,15-tris(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-20-(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin tri-iodide were evaluated. Two methods were used: sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and infrared spectroscopy. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the phage protein profile was considerably altered after photodynamic treatment. Seven protein bands putatively corresponding to capsid and tail tube proteins were attenuated and two other were enhanced. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the time-dependent alteration on the phage protein profile detected by SDS-PAGE, indicative of a response to oxidative damage. Infrared analysis showed to be a promising and rapid screening approach for the analysis of the modifications induced on viral proteins by photosensitization. In fact, one single infrared spectrum can highlight the changes induced to all viral molecular structures, overcoming the delays and complex protocols of the conventional methods, in a much simple and cost effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Costa
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Esteves
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António Correia
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina Moreirinha
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ivonne Delgadillo
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ângela Cunha
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria G P S Neves
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria A F Faustino
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Shishkin SS, Kovalev LI, Kovaleva MA, Ivanov AV, Eremina LS, Sadykhov EG. The application of proteomic technologies for the analysis of muscle proteins of farm animals used in the meat industry (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683814050093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Savijoki K, Iivanainen A, Siljamäki P, Laine PK, Paulin L, Karonen T, Pyörälä S, Kankainen M, Nyman TA, Salomäki T, Koskinen P, Holm L, Simojoki H, Taponen S, Sukura A, Kalkkinen N, Auvinen P, Varmanen P. Genomics and Proteomics Provide New Insight into the Commensal and Pathogenic Lifestyles of Bovine- and Human-Associated Staphylococcus epidermidis Strains. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3748-3762. [DOI: 10.1021/pr500322d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Proteomic changes of alveolar lining fluid in illnesses associated with exposure to inhaled non-infectious microbial particles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102624. [PMID: 25033447 PMCID: PMC4102538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperresponsiveness to inhaled non-infectious microbial particles (NIMPs) has been associated with illnesses in the airways. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is considered to be the prototype for these NIMPs-related diseases; however, there is no consensus on the definitions or diagnostic criteria for HP and the spectrum of related illnesses. Methods and Findings In order to identify the possible diagnostic markers for illnesses associated with NIMPs in alveolar lining fluid, we performed a proteomic analysis using a two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from patients with exposure to NIMPs in the context of damp building-related illness (DBRI) or conditions on the borderline to acute HP, designated here as agricultural type of microbial exposure (AME). Samples from patients with HP and sarcoidosis (SARC) were included for reference. Results were compared to results of healthy subjects (CTR). Western blot was used for validation of potential marker proteins from BAL fluid and plasma. Protein expression patterns suggest a close similarity between AME and HP, while DBRI was similar to CTR. However, in DBRI the levels of the inflammation associated molecules galectin-3 and alpha-1-antitrypsin were increased. A novel finding emerging from this study was the increases of semenogelin levels in BAL fluid from patients with AME, HP and SARC. Histone 4 levels were increased in AME, HP and SARC. Elevated plasma levels of histone 2B were detected in HP and SARC, suggesting it to be a potential blood indicator for inflammatory diseases of the lungs. Conclusions In this study, the proteomic changes in bronchoalveolar lavage of DBRI patients were distinct from other NIMP exposure associated lung diseases, while changes in AME overlapped those observed for HP patient samples. Some of the proteins identified in this study, semenogelin and histone 4, could function as diagnostic markers for differential diagnosis between DBRI and HP-like conditions.
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Wang B, Koivumäki T, Kylli P, Heinonen M, Poutanen M. Protein-phenolic interaction of tryptic digests of β-lactoglobulin and cloudberry ellagitannin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5028-5037. [PMID: 24828893 DOI: 10.1021/jf501190x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
LC-ESI-MS was applied to investigate interaction reactions between a dimeric ellagitannin, sanguiin H-6, isolated from cloudberries (Rubus chamaemorus) and peptides of β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg). Three peptides, LIVTQTMK (m/z 934), ALPMHIR (m/z 838), and IPAVFK (m/z 674) were isolated from enzymatic (trypsin) digestion of β-Lg. Oxidation of the peptides with and without sanguiin H-6 was monitored by LC-ESI-MS for up to 7 days. Sanguiin H-6 showed radical scavenging activities toward oxidation of the selected peptides. An interaction product was found with sanguiin H-6 and peptide LIVTQTMK by using MS and supported by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). An observable (haze) but unstable interaction product of sanguiin H-6 was seen with peptide ALPMHIR, but no detectable interaction products were seen with peptide IPAVFK. A higher proportion of sanguiin H-6 toward the amount of peptide might allow for further characterization of these interaction products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Food Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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