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Vagha JD, Wazurkar A, Madke B, Lohiya S, Wandile S, Vagha K, Javvaji CK, Naseri S. Beyond Skin Deep: A Case Report of Infantile Systemic Hyalinosis in a Six-Month-Old Infant. Cureus 2024; 16:e59510. [PMID: 38826988 PMCID: PMC11143919 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
A rare autosomal recessive condition called infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) is characterized by early-onset skin lesions that progress to the formation of numerous contractures. The underlying disease is the progressive accumulation of hyaline substances in many tissues. We are presenting the case of a male infant who was referred for evaluation and management at the age of six months. The infant had a history of recurrent episodes of diarrhea and showed limited movement in all four limbs. Upon physical examination, hyperpigmented papulonodular lesions on bony prominences and perianal regions were found, coupled with contractures in the elbow and knee joints. Hyaline deposition in the mid-dermal region was confirmed by histopathological analysis of a skin biopsy sample. The baby also had acute otitis media, which needed to be treated with antibiotics. Parents were counseled regarding the disease's diagnosis, complications, prognosis, and inheritance pattern. This case highlights the clinical presentation, diagnostic process, and management strategies employed in the care of ISH, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and multidisciplinary management in mitigating its devastating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant D Vagha
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ajinkya Wazurkar
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Bhushan Madke
- Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sham Lohiya
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Shailesh Wandile
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Keta Vagha
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Chaitanya Kumar Javvaji
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Suhit Naseri
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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2
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Mesquita FS, Abrami L, Samurkas A, van der Goot FG. S-acylation: an orchestrator of the life cycle and function of membrane proteins. FEBS J 2024; 291:45-56. [PMID: 37811679 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
S-acylation is a covalent post-translational modification of proteins with fatty acids, achieved by enzymatic attachment via a labile thioester bond. This modification allows for dynamic control of protein properties and functions in association with cell membranes. This lipid modification regulates a substantial portion of the human proteome and plays an increasingly recognized role throughout the lifespan of affected proteins. Recent technical advancements have propelled the S-acylation field into a 'molecular era', unveiling new insights into its mechanistic intricacies and far-reaching implications. With a striking increase in the number of studies on this modification, new concepts are indeed emerging on the roles of S-acylation in specific cell biology processes and features. After a brief overview of the enzymes involved in S-acylation, this viewpoint focuses on the importance of S-acylation in the homeostasis, function, and coordination of integral membrane proteins. In particular, we put forward the hypotheses that S-acylation is a gatekeeper of membrane protein folding and turnover and a regulator of the formation and dynamics of membrane contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Samurkas
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Albusta N, Isa HM, Al-Jowder HE. Multisystemic Manifestations of Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome: Implications for Diagnosis and Management. Cureus 2023; 15:e47250. [PMID: 37859675 PMCID: PMC10583129 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the deposition of hyaline material in the skin, soft tissues, and bones. In this report, we discuss a case of a six-month-old male with HFS who presented with faltering growth, chronic diarrhea, multiple joint contractures, joint stiffness, hyperpigmented skin over bony prominences, gingival hypertrophy, patent foramen ovale, and symmetric periventricular hyperintensities on brain MRI. The diagnosis of HFS was confirmed by skin biopsy and genetic testing, which identified a homozygous mutation in the anthrax toxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2) gene. The patient was managed symptomatically with nutritional support, physiotherapy, analgesics, and regular dental care. He also received intralesional corticosteroid therapy, which significantly decreased the size of the skin nodules. His hyperpigmented skin and gingival hypertrophy remained stable, and the patent foramen ovale was managed conservatively. This case report highlights the importance of early diagnosis and management of HFS and the benefits of involving a multidisciplinary team to improve the quality of life of affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Albusta
- Internal Medicine, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, BHR
| | - Hasan M Isa
- Pediatrics, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, BHR
- Pediatrics, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, BHR
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Song L, Yang J, Liu J, Wang J. Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis: A clinicopathological study of five cases. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 55:151835. [PMID: 34624626 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disease that typically presents in infancy or early childhood. Largely due to the rarity, JHF is still not widely recognized by clinicians and pathologists in China. It is not uncommonly to misdiagnose the disease as other types of disorders. In this study, we present our experience with five cases of JHF to enhance the recognition of this rare but distinctive entity. There were 4 males and 1 female, with age at presentation ranging from 5 to 44 years. All patients presented with multiple subcutaneous nodular lesions of varying size in various parts of the body since birth or early childhood. Three patients also had joint involvement. Pathologically, the lesions were poorly circumscribed, located mainly in the dermis and subcutis. All five cases were characterized by abundant homogeneous hyaline-like matrix that differs sharply from the adjacent connective tissue, which stained strongly with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and was diastase resistant. Embedded within the eosinophilic glassy matrix were cords or small clusters of plump spindled to epithelioid cells, frequently with clear cytoplasm. Familiarity with the characteristic features of JHF is not only important in avoiding misdiagnosis but also essential for clinical management and prognostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingying Song
- Department of Pathology, Dehong People's Hospital, The Affiliated Dehong Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dehong 678400, China; Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jihua Yang
- Department of Pathology, Dehong People's Hospital, The Affiliated Dehong Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dehong 678400, China
| | - Jiahan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Liu Y, Zeng X, Ding Y, Xu Y, Duan D. Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome: a case presenting with gingival enlargement as the only clinical manifestation and a report of two new mutations in the ANTXR2 gene. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:508. [PMID: 34627224 PMCID: PMC8501544 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the gene for anthrax toxin receptor-2 (ANTXR2). The clinical features of HFS include skin thickening with nodules, papules and plaques, gingival enlargement, joint stiffness and contractures, and systemic manifestations. Notably, in all patients with HFS reported in the literature, gingival enlargement has never occurred alone. CASE PRESENTATION A case of a child with gingival enlargement as the only clinical manifestation, who was later diagnosed with HFS, is described. In this case, the absence of skin and joint lesions and other characteristic clinical presentations gave rise to a diagnostic problem. This uncommon condition was clinically indistinguishable from other diseases or conditions that presented with diffuse gingival enlargement. A definitive diagnosis of HFS was reached through genetic analysis. Trio whole exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous mutations of ANTXR2 in this patient and two new mutations were reported. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this case serve as an important reminder to clinicians. When dental practitioners encounter gingival manifestations of HFS without accompanied skin or joint involvement, there is a need to pay attention to the differential diagnosis and increase awareness of HFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dingyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Al Kaissi A, Hilmi M, Betadolova Z, Bouchoucha S, Trofimova S, Shboul M, Rustamov G, Dwera W, Sigl K, Kenis V, Kircher SG. Infantile systemic hyalinosis: Variable grades of severity. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2021; 18:224-230. [PMID: 34341308 PMCID: PMC8423165 DOI: 10.4103/ajps.ajps_162_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder. The classical natural history of the disease is characterised by hypotonia, multiple contractures, skin lesions, osteopenia, joint pain, bone fractures, persistent diarrhoea and growth deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two children manifested the severe type of ISH underwent genotypic confirmation. In order to identify which other family members have inherited the disease. We included siblings and cousins in this study. The baseline tool to study other family subjects was based on the phenotypic characterisations of each child. RESULTS . Two children with the severe type of ISH showed craniosynostosis (brachycephaly and scaphocephaly) associated with multiple contractures, progressive joint osteolysis ending up with multiple joint dislocations. The full exome sequencing was carried out, revealing a previously reported heterozygous nonsense mutation с.1294С>Т and a novel heterozygous non-synonymous substitution c. 58T>A in ANTRX2 gene. Three children (sibling and cousins) manifested variable clinical manifestations relevant to ISH. Specifically, asymptoamtic skin and skeletal abnormalities of hypoplastic clavicles and 'shepherd's crook' deformity and coxa vara. CONCLUSION It is mandatory to perform extensive family pedigree search to detect asymptomatic clinical features in siblings and cousins in families with first degree related marriages. Interestingly, in the mild and the moderate types of ISH, we observed undescribed combination of asymptomatic skin and skeletal abnormalities. This is a comparative study between the severe and the mild/moderate types in a group of children from consanguineous families. Our current study extends the phenotypic characterisations of ISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al Kaissi
- Orthopedic Hospital of Spesing, Pediatric Department, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marwa Hilmi
- Family Medicine Operations, Omar Bin Al Khatab Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zulfiya Betadolova
- Pediatric clinic «Kidney», Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russian Federation, Russia
| | - Sami Bouchoucha
- Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, The Béchir-Hamza Children's Hospital or Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Svetlana Trofimova
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Neuroorthopaedics and Systemic Disorders, Pediatric Orthopedic Institute N.A. H. Turner, Parkovaya Str., 64-68, Pushkin, Saint, Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mohammad Shboul
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Guseyn Rustamov
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, State hospital of Republic of Dagestan, Makhachkala, Russian Federation, Russia
| | - Wiam Dwera
- The Béchir-Hamza Children's Hospital or Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Katharina Sigl
- Head of the Muscuol-Skeletal Group Ordens-Klinikum, Linz, Austria
| | - Vladimir Kenis
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Neuroorthopaedics and Systemic Disorders, Pediatric Orthopedic Institute N.A. H. Turner, Parkovaya Str., 64-68, Pushkin, Saint, Petersburg, Russia
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Baroud S, Alawadhi A. A Severe Case of Infantile Systemic Hyalinosis in an Asian Child: A Product of Consanguinity. Cureus 2021; 13:e16433. [PMID: 34414050 PMCID: PMC8365122 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by widespread abnormal growth of hyalinized fibrous tissue in skin and mucosae. The typical clinical picture consists of the development of joint contractures, skin lesions, and severe, chronic pain. We report the case of a 2-year-old Pakistani girl, who presented to our clinic with papulonodular lesions, gingival hyperplasia, hypotonia, and joint contractures. Skin biopsy revealed hyaline deposits, and genetic testing revealed a mutation in the protein Anthrax toxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumer Baroud
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Sharjah, Sharjah, ARE
| | - Ameen Alawadhi
- Department of Dermatology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, BHR
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Pereira TDSF, Sales JFD, Travassos DV, Lanza CR, Castro WH, Gomes CC, Fonseca FP, Silva TA, Gomez RS. Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome: A case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 130:e328-e335. [PMID: 32771412 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS) is a rare monogenic disease inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and characterized by hyaline deposits on the skin, mucosa, and multiple organs; osteoporosis; and joint contractures. This progressive condition is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the anthrax toxin receptor 2 protein (ANTXR2). HFS is a disabling disease, and patients suffer from progressive pain and disfiguring symptoms. There are few published case reports detailing oral findings in patients with this condition. The present case report describes a 4-year-old female patient who showed severe manifestations of HFS, emphasizing the oral manifestations, the histopathologic aspects of HFS, the molecular pathogenesis, and the interdisciplinary management of patients affected by this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Dos Santos Fontes Pereira
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Félix de Sales
- Multiprofessional Integrated Residency in Health, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
| | - Denise Vieira Travassos
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
| | - Célia Regina Lanza
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner Henriques Castro
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tarcília Aparecida Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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van Rijn JM, Werner L, Aydemir Y, Spronck JM, Pode-Shakked B, van Hoesel M, Shimshoni E, Polak-Charcon S, Talmi L, Eren M, Weiss B, H.J. Houwen R, Barshack I, Somech R, Nieuwenhuis EE, Sagi I, Raas-Rothschild A, Middendorp S, Shouval DS. Enhanced Collagen Deposition in the Duodenum of Patients with Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome and Protein Losing Enteropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8200. [PMID: 33147779 PMCID: PMC7662532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS), resulting from ANTXR2 mutations, is an ultra-rare disease that causes intestinal lymphangiectasia and protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). The mechanisms leading to the gastrointestinal phenotype in these patients are not well defined. We present two patients with congenital diarrhea, severe PLE and unique clinical features resulting from deleterious ANTXR2 mutations. Intestinal organoids were generated from one of the patients, along with CRISPR-Cas9 ANTXR2 knockout, and compared with organoids from two healthy controls. The ANTXR2-deficient organoids displayed normal growth and polarity, compared to controls. Using an anthrax-toxin assay we showed that the c.155C>T mutation causes loss-of-function of ANTXR2 protein. An intrinsic defect of monolayer formation in patient-derived or ANTXR2KO organoids was not apparent, suggesting normal epithelial function. However, electron microscopy and second harmonic generation imaging showed abnormal collagen deposition in duodenal samples of these patients. Specifically, collagen VI, which is known to bind ANTXR2, was highly expressed in the duodenum of these patients. In conclusion, despite resistance to anthrax-toxin, epithelial cell function, and specifically monolayer formation, is intact in patients with HFS. Nevertheless, loss of ANTXR2-mediated signaling leads to collagen VI accumulation in the duodenum and abnormal extracellular matrix composition, which likely plays a role in development of PLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorik M. van Rijn
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht University (UU), 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.M.v.R.); (J.M.A.S.); (M.v.H.); (R.H.J.H.); (E.E.S.N.)
- Regenerative Medicine Center, UMCU, UU, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lael Werner
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262100, Israel; (L.W.); (B.W.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel; (B.P.-S.); (S.P.-C.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (R.S.); (A.R.-R.)
| | - Yusuf Aydemir
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey; (Y.A.); (M.E.)
| | - Joey M.A. Spronck
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht University (UU), 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.M.v.R.); (J.M.A.S.); (M.v.H.); (R.H.J.H.); (E.E.S.N.)
- Regenerative Medicine Center, UMCU, UU, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Pode-Shakked
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel; (B.P.-S.); (S.P.-C.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (R.S.); (A.R.-R.)
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262100, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262100, Israel
| | - Marliek van Hoesel
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht University (UU), 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.M.v.R.); (J.M.A.S.); (M.v.H.); (R.H.J.H.); (E.E.S.N.)
- Regenerative Medicine Center, UMCU, UU, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elee Shimshoni
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (E.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Sylvie Polak-Charcon
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel; (B.P.-S.); (S.P.-C.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (R.S.); (A.R.-R.)
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262100, Israel
| | - Liron Talmi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel; (B.P.-S.); (S.P.-C.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (R.S.); (A.R.-R.)
- Pediatric Department A, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262100, Israel
| | - Makbule Eren
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey; (Y.A.); (M.E.)
| | - Batia Weiss
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262100, Israel; (L.W.); (B.W.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel; (B.P.-S.); (S.P.-C.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (R.S.); (A.R.-R.)
| | - Roderick H.J. Houwen
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht University (UU), 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.M.v.R.); (J.M.A.S.); (M.v.H.); (R.H.J.H.); (E.E.S.N.)
| | - Iris Barshack
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel; (B.P.-S.); (S.P.-C.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (R.S.); (A.R.-R.)
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262100, Israel
| | - Raz Somech
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel; (B.P.-S.); (S.P.-C.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (R.S.); (A.R.-R.)
- Pediatric Department A, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262100, Israel
- Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262100, Israel
- Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262100, Israel
| | - Edward E.S. Nieuwenhuis
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht University (UU), 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.M.v.R.); (J.M.A.S.); (M.v.H.); (R.H.J.H.); (E.E.S.N.)
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (E.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Annick Raas-Rothschild
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel; (B.P.-S.); (S.P.-C.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (R.S.); (A.R.-R.)
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262100, Israel
| | - Sabine Middendorp
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht University (UU), 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.M.v.R.); (J.M.A.S.); (M.v.H.); (R.H.J.H.); (E.E.S.N.)
- Regenerative Medicine Center, UMCU, UU, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dror S. Shouval
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262100, Israel; (L.W.); (B.W.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel; (B.P.-S.); (S.P.-C.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (R.S.); (A.R.-R.)
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10
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Härter B, Benedicenti F, Karall D, Lausch E, Schweigmann G, Stanzial F, Superti‐Furga A, Scholl‐Bürgi S. Clinical aspects of Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome and identification of a novel mutation. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1203. [PMID: 32196989 PMCID: PMC7284039 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in ANTXR2 which leads to loss of function of the transmembrane protein anthrax toxin receptor 2. It is distinguished by characteristic skin lesions, gingival hyperplasia, joint and bone disease, and systemic involvement. METHODS Based on the case of an 11-year-old female patient with typical features of hyaline fibromatosis syndrome and the underlying pathogenic compound heterozygote variants in ANTXR2 we discuss the genetic and clinical aspects of hyaline fibromatosis syndrome. RESULTS The novel mutation in ANTXR2 (c.1223T>C, p.Leu408Pro variant) seems to allow for a protracted course of the disease. CONCLUSION Our findings add to the phenotypic, genetic, and biochemical spectrum of hyaline fibromatosis syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Härter
- Division of Pediatric SurgeryDepartment of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic SurgeryCenter of Operative MedicineInnsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Francesco Benedicenti
- Clinical Genetics Service and South Tyrol Coordination Center for Rare DiseasesDepartment of PediatricsRegional Hospital of BolzanoBolzanoItaly
| | - Daniela Karall
- Department of Pediatrics IInnsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Ekkehard Lausch
- Pediatric Genetics SectionDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | | | - Franco Stanzial
- Clinical Genetics Service and South Tyrol Coordination Center for Rare DiseasesDepartment of PediatricsRegional Hospital of BolzanoBolzanoItaly
| | - Andrea Superti‐Furga
- Division of Genetic MedicineLausanne University HospitalUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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11
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Bürgi J, Abrami L, Castanon I, Abriata LA, Kunz B, Yan SE, Lera M, Unger S, Superti-Furga A, Peraro MD, Gaitan MG, van der Goot FG. Ligand Binding to the Collagen VI Receptor Triggers a Talin-to-RhoA Switch that Regulates Receptor Endocytosis. Dev Cell 2020; 53:418-430.e4. [PMID: 32428455 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2/ANTXR2) is a cell surface receptor for both collagen VI and anthrax toxin. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in CMG2 lead to a severe condition, hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS). We have here dissected a network of dynamic interactions between CMG2 and various actin interactors and regulators, describing a different behavior from other extracellular matrix receptors. CMG2 binds talin, and thereby the actin cytoskeleton, only in its ligand-free state. Extracellular ligand binding leads to src-dependent talin release and recruitment of the actin cytoskeleton regulator RhoA and its effectors. These sequential interactions of CMG2 are necessary for the control of oriented cell division during fish development. Finally, we demonstrate that effective switching between talin and RhoA binding is required for the intracellular degradation of collagen VI in human fibroblasts, which explains why HFS mutations in the cytoskeleton-binding domain lead to dysregulation of extracellular matrix homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Bürgi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; EMBL Hamburg DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irinka Castanon
- Departments of Biochemistry and of Molecular Biology, Sciences II, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Andres Abriata
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Kunz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shixu Emili Yan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Lera
- Departments of Biochemistry and of Molecular Biology, Sciences II, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sheila Unger
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Dal Peraro
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcos Gonzalez Gaitan
- Departments of Biochemistry and of Molecular Biology, Sciences II, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francoise Gisou van der Goot
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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12
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Fekrazad R, Fazilat F, Kalhori KA, Hakimiha N, Amirmoini M, Nikhalat Jahromi M. Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis Management With a Diode Laser: A Rare Case Report. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:104-107. [PMID: 32099635 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2020.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) is an unknown hereditary disorder with variable penetrance. The characterizations of this disease consist of different signs and symptoms such as multiple tumorous (tumor-like) muco-cutaneous proliferation, gingival hypertrophy, perianal lesions, articular contractures, and osteolytic lesions. A 3-year-old girl with numerous painless nodular masses on her gingival, ear and anal areas is presented in this case report. Based on characteristic histological features, the diagnosis of JHF was made. The patient underwent surgery following general anesthesia and the above areas were surgically operated with appropriate laser parameters, and the patient was able to eat and wash away after a day and was discharged with an antibiotic prescription after one day in the hospital and returned to normal after a week. The recurrence occurred in other areas a year later, especially in the cheek, the ears and the anal area. Therefore, this rare case is presented with recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Fazilat
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoun Am Kalhori
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologist, Iranian Medical Laser Association, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Hakimiha
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medial Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Nikhalat Jahromi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Abstract
The anthrax toxin receptors-capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2) and tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8)-were identified almost 20 years ago, although few studies have moved beyond their roles as receptors for the anthrax toxins to address their physiological functions. In the last few years, insight into their endogenous roles has come from two rare diseases: hyaline fibromatosis syndrome, caused by mutations in CMG2, and growth retardation, alopecia, pseudo-anodontia, and optic atrophy (GAPO) syndrome, caused by loss-of-function mutations in TEM8. Although CMG2 and TEM8 are highly homologous at the protein level, the difference in disease symptoms points to variations in the physiological roles of the two anthrax receptors. Here, we focus on the similarities between these receptors in their ability to regulate extracellular matrix homeostasis, angiogenesis, cell migration, and skin elasticity. In this way, we shed light on how mutations in these two related proteins cause such seemingly different diseases and we highlight the existing knowledge gaps that could form the focus of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana A. Sergeeva
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Needham PG, Guerriero CJ, Brodsky JL. Chaperoning Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation (ERAD) and Protein Conformational Diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a033928. [PMID: 30670468 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Misfolded proteins compromise cellular homeostasis. This is especially problematic in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is a high-capacity protein-folding compartment and whose function requires stringent protein quality-control systems. Multiprotein complexes in the ER are able to identify, remove, ubiquitinate, and deliver misfolded proteins to the 26S proteasome for degradation in the cytosol, and these events are collectively termed ER-associated degradation, or ERAD. Several steps in the ERAD pathway are facilitated by molecular chaperone networks, and the importance of ERAD is highlighted by the fact that this pathway is linked to numerous protein conformational diseases. In this review, we discuss the factors that constitute the ERAD machinery and detail how each step in the pathway occurs. We then highlight the underlying pathophysiology of protein conformational diseases associated with ERAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Needham
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | | | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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15
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Casas-Alba D, Martínez-Monseny A, Pino-Ramírez RM, Alsina L, Castejón E, Navarro-Vilarrubí S, Pérez-Dueñas B, Serrano M, Palau F, García-Alix A. Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome: Clinical update and phenotype-genotype correlations. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1752-1763. [PMID: 30176098 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS) is the unifying term for infantile systemic hyalinosis and juvenile hyaline fibromatosis. HFS is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the connective tissue caused by mutations in the gene for anthrax toxin receptor-2 (ANTXR2). It is characterized by abnormal growth of hyalinized fibrous tissue with cutaneous, mucosal, osteoarticular, and systemic involvement. We reviewed the 84 published cases and their molecular findings, aiming to gain insight into the clinical features, prognostic factors, and phenotype-genotype correlations. Extreme pain at minimal handling in a newborn is the presentation pattern most frequently seen in grade 4 patients (life-limiting disease). Gingival hypertrophy and subcutaneous nodules are some of the disease hallmarks. Though painful joint stiffness and contractures are almost universal, weakness and hypotonia may also be present. Causes of death are intractable diarrhea, recurrent infections, and organ failure. Median age of death of grade 4 cases is 15.0 months (p25-p75: 9.5-24.0). This review provides evidence to reinforce the previous hypothesis that missense mutations in exons 1-12 and mutations leading to a premature stop codon lead to the severe form of the disease, while missense pathogenic variants in exons 13-17 lead to the mild form of the disease. Multidisciplinary team approach is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dídac Casas-Alba
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Monseny
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Pino-Ramírez
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Alsina
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esperanza Castejón
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Navarro-Vilarrubí
- Department of Pediatric Palliative Care, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez-Dueñas
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital and Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Serrano
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Palau
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Barcelona School of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo García-Alix
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Gao Y, Bai J, Wang J, Liu X. Two novel mutations in the ANTXR2 gene in a Chinese patient suffering from hyaline fibromatosis syndrome: A case report. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4004-4008. [PMID: 30152846 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS; MIM 228600) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the abnormal growth of hyalinized fibrous tissue at subcutaneous regions on the scalp, ears and neck. The disease is caused by either a homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation of the anthrax toxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2) gene. The present study describes a patient with HFS confirmed by clinical examination as well as histopathological and genetic analyses. Numerous painless and variable‑sized subcutaneous nodules were observed on the scalp, ear, trunk and four extremities of the patient. With increasing age, the number and size of the nodules gradually increased in the patient. The patient additionally presented with severe gingival thickening and developed pearly papules on the ears, back and penis foreskin. Biopsies of ear nodules revealed that the tumor was located in the dermis, and no marked alterations were observed in the epidermis compared with healthy patients. Spindle‑shaped or round tumor cells were revealed to be immersed in the eosinophilic hyaline ground substance. Furthermore, a skeletal X‑ray of the patient revealed multiple low‑density imaging on the right distal humerus. Compound heterozygous mutations in the ANTXR2 gene were identified in the patient: c.470_472del in exon 5 and c.1073 delC in exon 13. c.470_472del were revealed to be inherited from his mother and father, respectively. These two mutations, c.470_472del and c.1073 delC, to the best of our knowledge, have not previously been identified. Identification of the mutations in ANTXR2 may make prenatal diagnosis of HFS possible during future pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Jinli Bai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Jiancai Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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17
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Zhang LC, Shao Y, Gao LH, Liu J, Xi YY, Xu Y, Wu C, Chen W, Chen HP, Wang YL, Duan HF, Hu XW. TEM8 functions as a receptor for uPA and mediates uPA-stimulated EGFR phosphorylation. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:62. [PMID: 30241478 PMCID: PMC6151050 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TEM8 is a cell membrane protein predominantly expressed in tumor endothelium, which serves as a receptor for the protective antigen (PA) of anthrax toxin. However, the physiological ligands for TEM8 remain unknown. Results Here we identified uPA as an interacting partner of TEM8. Binding of uPA stimulated the phosphorylation of TEM8 and augmented phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2. Finally, TEM8-Fc, a recombinant fusion protein comprising the extracellular domain of human TEM8 linked to the Fc portion of human IgG1, efficiently abrogated the interaction between uPA and TEM8, blocked uPA-induced migration of HepG2 cells in vitro and inhibited the growth and metastasis of human MCF-7 xenografts in vivo. uPA, TEM8 and EGFR overexpression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were found co-located on frozen cancer tissue sections. Conclusions Taken together, our data provide evidence that TEM8 is a novel receptor for uPA, which may play a significant role in the regulation of tumor growth and metastasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0272-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Cheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology (BIB), No. 20, Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.,Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Yong Shao
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology (BIB), No. 20, Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Li-Hua Gao
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology (BIB), No. 20, Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine (BIRM), No. 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yong-Yi Xi
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology (BIB), No. 20, Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine (BIRM), No. 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chutse Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine (BIRM), No. 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology (BIB), No. 20, Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hui-Peng Chen
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology (BIB), No. 20, Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - You-Liang Wang
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology (BIB), No. 20, Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Hai-Feng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine (BIRM), No. 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xian-Wen Hu
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology (BIB), No. 20, Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
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18
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Schussler E, Linkner RV, Levitt J, Mehta L, Martignetti JA, Oishi K. Protein-losing enteropathy and joint contractures caused by a novel homozygous ANTXR2 mutation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 8:17-21. [PMID: 30050362 PMCID: PMC6057141 DOI: 10.2147/agg.s159077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder and an allelic form of hyaline fibromatosis syndrome that is caused by mutations in the ANTRX2 gene encoding the transmembrane anthrax toxin receptor 2. Its main features include characteristic skin lesions, joint contractures, persistent diarrhea, and failure to thrive due to accumulation of hyaline material in multiple organs. The resulting severe malnutrition can cause death in early infancy. Because of its rarity and high fatality rate, timely diagnosis is difficult and ISH may be underdiagnosed. In this report, we describe a 10-month-old male with severe protein-losing enteropathy, skin lesions, and painful joint contractures, diagnosed with ISH based on skin his-topathology and identification of a novel homozygous ANTRX2 mutation, c.1127_1128delTG (p.V376Gfs*14). While its clinical outcome is poor without curative treatment, establishing a diagnosis of ISH starting from clinical suspicion to molecular analysis is important for appropriate medical management and for risk and carrier assessment of family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Schussler
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rita V Linkner
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacob Levitt
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lakshmi Mehta
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John A Martignetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kimihiko Oishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Youssefian L, Vahidnezhad H, Touati A, Ziaee V, Saeidian AH, Pajouhanfar S, Zeinali S, Uitto J. The genetic basis of hyaline fibromatosis syndrome in patients from a consanguineous background: a case series. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:87. [PMID: 29801470 PMCID: PMC5970508 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0581-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS) is a rare heritable multi-systemic disorder with significant dermatologic manifestations. It is caused by mutations in ANTXR2, which encodes a transmembrane receptor involved in collagen VI regulation in the extracellular matrix. Over 40 mutations in the ANTXR2 gene have been associated with cases of HFS. Variable severity of the disorder in different patients has been proposed to be related to the specific mutations in these patients and their location within the gene. CASE PRESENTATION In this report, we describe four cases of HFS from consanguineous backgrounds. Genetic analysis identified a novel homozygous frameshift deletion c.969del (p.Ile323Metfs*14) in one case, the previously reported mutation c.134 T > C (p.Leu45Pro) in another case, and the recurrent homozygous frameshift mutation c.1073dup (p.Ala359Cysfs*13) in two cases. The epidemiology of this latter mutation is of particular interest, as it is a candidate for inhibition of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Haplotype analysis was performed to determine the origin of this mutation in this consanguineous cohort, which suggested that it may develop sporadically in different populations. CONCLUSIONS This information provides insights on genotype-phenotype correlations, identifies a previously unreported mutation in ANTXR2, and improves the understanding of a recurrent mutation in HFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Youssefian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Suite 450 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Suite 450 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
- Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrew Touati
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Suite 450 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Vahid Ziaee
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Suite 450 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Sara Pajouhanfar
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Suite 450 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Sirous Zeinali
- Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Suite 450 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
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20
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Haidar Z, Temanni R, Chouery E, Jitesh P, Liu W, Al-Ali R, Wang E, Marincola FM, Jalkh N, Haddad S, Haidar W, Chouchane L, Mégarbané A. Diagnosis implications of the whole genome sequencing in a large Lebanese family with hyaline fibromatosis syndrome. BMC Genet 2017; 18:3. [PMID: 28103792 PMCID: PMC5244738 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS) is a recently introduced alternative term for two disorders that were previously known as juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) and infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH). These two variants are secondary to mutations in the anthrax toxin receptor 2 gene (ANTXR2) located on chromosome 4q21. The main clinical features of both entities include papular and/or nodular skin lesions, gingival hyperplasia, joint contractures and osteolytic bone lesions that appear in the first few years of life, and the syndrome typically progresses with the appearance of new lesions. METHODS We describe five Lebanese patients from one family, aged between 28 and 58 years, and presenting with nodular and papular skin lesions, gingival hyperplasia, joint contractures and bone lesions. Because of the particular clinical features and the absence of a clinical diagnosis, Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) was carried out on DNA samples from the proband and his parents. RESULTS A mutation in ANTXR2 (p. Gly116Val) that yielded a diagnosis of HFS was noted. CONCLUSIONS The main goal of this paper is to add to the knowledge related to the clinical and radiographic aspects of HFS in adulthood and to show the importance of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques in resolving such puzzling cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Haidar
- Unité de Génétique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ramzi Temanni
- Bioinformatics Division, Sidra Medical & Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eliane Chouery
- Unité de Génétique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Puthen Jitesh
- Bioinformatics Division, Sidra Medical & Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wei Liu
- Genomics Core Laboratory, Translational Medicine Division, Sidra Medical & Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rashid Al-Ali
- Bioinformatics Division, Sidra Medical & Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ena Wang
- Genomics Core Laboratory, Translational Medicine Division, Sidra Medical & Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Nadine Jalkh
- Unité de Génétique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Soha Haddad
- Department of Radiology, Hotel Dieu de France University hospital–Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Haidar
- Department of General surgery, Dar Al Amal University Hospital-Baalbeck, Baalbeck, Lebanon
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Laboratory of Genetic Medicine and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - André Mégarbané
- Institut Jérôme Lejeune, 37, rue des Volontaires, Paris, 75015 France
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21
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Perrody E, Abrami L, Feldman M, Kunz B, Urbé S, van der Goot FG. Ubiquitin-dependent folding of the Wnt signaling coreceptor LRP6. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27751231 PMCID: PMC5102578 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many membrane proteins fold inefficiently and require the help of enzymes and chaperones. Here we reveal a novel folding assistance system that operates on membrane proteins from the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We show that folding of the Wnt signaling coreceptor LRP6 is promoted by ubiquitination of a specific lysine, retaining it in the ER while avoiding degradation. Subsequent ER exit requires removal of ubiquitin from this lysine by the deubiquitinating enzyme USP19. This ubiquitination-deubiquitination is conceptually reminiscent of the glucosylation-deglucosylation occurring in the ER lumen during the calnexin/calreticulin folding cycle. To avoid infinite futile cycles, folded LRP6 molecules undergo palmitoylation and ER export, while unsuccessfully folded proteins are, with time, polyubiquitinated on other lysines and targeted to degradation. This ubiquitin-dependent folding system also controls the proteostasis of other membrane proteins as CFTR and anthrax toxin receptor 2, two poor folders involved in severe human diseases. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19083.001 Proteins carry out almost every process that happens inside a cell. Like all machines, their ability to work properly depends on their three-dimensional shape and structure. To make proteins, building blocks called amino acids are first assembled into a string that, like wool in a sweater, needs to be knitted into the final three-dimensional structure. How proteins reach their 3D structure is called “folding”, and when protein folding fails, or is not so efficient, it can cause very severe diseases. Protein folding is not as nicely progressive as knitting a sweater: it is more like putting all the wool into a big messy blob that then suddenly turns into a protein with the right three-dimensional structure. Cells have machinery that can detect messy-looking molecules and destroy them. Therefore, new proteins need to be hidden from this machinery until they have finished folding. A human protein called LRP6 is found on the surface of cells and it plays an important role in allowing cells to communicate with each other. Like many other proteins, LRP6 is produced inside the cell in a compartment called the endoplasmic reticulum and is then exported to the cell surface. In 2008, a team of researchers found that LRP6 is modified in a particular way known as S-palmitoylation before it leaves the endoplasmic reticulum. This suggested that there is a system that helps this protein to fold correctly. Here Perrody, Abrami et al. – including some of the researchers from the previous work – used biochemical techniques to investigate how LRP6 folds. The experiments show that another type of protein modification that involves attaching a molecule called ubiquitin to LRP6 promotes this protein’s folding. Once the protein is folded, the ubiquitin is removed from LRP6 by an enzyme called USP19. Further experiments show that this system also helps to ensure that two other important proteins fold correctly. The next steps following on from this work are to identify the other molecules involved in this protein folding system. A future challenge is to find out how this system protects new proteins from being degraded while they are still folding. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19083.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Perrody
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michal Feldman
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Kunz
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Urbé
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - F Gisou van der Goot
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Mantri MD, Pradeep MM, Kalpesh PO, Pranavsinh RJ. Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome: A Rare Inherited Disorder. Indian J Dermatol 2016; 61:580. [PMID: 27688461 PMCID: PMC5029258 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.190129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS) is rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of amorphous hyaline material in skin and visceral organs. It represents a disease spectrum with infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) being the severe form and juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) being the mild form. Dermatologic manifestations include thickened skin, perianal nodules, and facial papules, gingival hyperplasia, large subcutaneous tumors on the scalp, hyperpigmented plaques over the metacarpophalangeal joints and malleoli, and joint contractures. ISH shows a severe visceral involvement, recurrent infections, and early death. We report a case of 2.5-year-old female patient who presented with HFS who had overlapping features of both ISH and JHF. To the best of our knowledge, very few cases of HFS have been reported in Indian literature till date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patil O Kalpesh
- Department of Dermatology, YCM Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Raj J Pranavsinh
- Department of Dermatology, YCM Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Sun J, Jacquez P. Roles of Anthrax Toxin Receptor 2 in Anthrax Toxin Membrane Insertion and Pore Formation. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:34. [PMID: 26805886 PMCID: PMC4773787 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between bacterial toxins and cellular surface receptors is an important component of the host-pathogen interaction. Anthrax toxin protective antigen (PA) binds to the cell surface receptor, enters the cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis, and forms a pore on the endosomal membrane that translocates toxin enzymes into the cytosol of the host cell. As the major receptor for anthrax toxin in vivo, anthrax toxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2) plays an essential role in anthrax toxin action by providing the toxin with a high-affinity binding anchor on the cell membrane and a path of entry into the host cell. ANTXR2 also acts as a molecular clamp by shifting the pH threshold of PA pore formation to a more acidic pH range, which prevents premature pore formation at neutral pH before the toxin reaches the designated intracellular location. Most recent studies have suggested that the disulfide bond in the immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of ANTXR2 plays an essential role in anthrax toxin action. Here we will review the roles of ANTXR2 in anthrax toxin action, with an emphasis on newly updated knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Pedro Jacquez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
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24
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Jacquez P, Avila G, Boone K, Altiyev A, Puschhof J, Sauter R, Arigi E, Ruiz B, Peng X, Almeida I, Sherman M, Xiao C, Sun J. The Disulfide Bond Cys255-Cys279 in the Immunoglobulin-Like Domain of Anthrax Toxin Receptor 2 Is Required for Membrane Insertion of Anthrax Protective Antigen Pore. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130832. [PMID: 26107617 PMCID: PMC4479931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthrax toxin receptors act as molecular clamps or switches that control anthrax toxin entry, pH-dependent pore formation, and translocation of enzymatic moieties across the endosomal membranes. We previously reported that reduction of the disulfide bonds in the immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domain of the anthrax toxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2) inhibited the function of the protective antigen (PA) pore. In the present study, the disulfide linkage in the Ig domain was identified as Cys255-Cys279 and Cys230-Cys315. Specific disulfide bond deletion mutants were achieved by replacing Cys residues with Ala residues. Deletion of the disulfide bond C255-C279, but not C230-C315, inhibited the PA pore-induced release of the fluorescence dyes from the liposomes, suggesting that C255-C279 is essential for PA pore function. Furthermore, we found that deletion of C255-C279 did not affect PA prepore-to-pore conversion, but inhibited PA pore membrane insertion by trapping the PA membrane-inserting loops in proteinaceous hydrophobic pockets. Fluorescence spectra of Trp59, a residue adjacent to the PA-binding motif in von Willebrand factor A (VWA) domain of ANTXR2, showed that deletion of C255-C279 resulted in a significant conformational change on the receptor ectodomain. The disulfide deletion-induced conformational change on the VWA domain was further confirmed by single-particle 3D reconstruction of the negatively stained PA-receptor heptameric complexes. Together, the biochemical and structural data obtained in this study provides a mechanistic insight into the role of the receptor disulfide bond C255-C279 in anthrax toxin action. Manipulation of the redox states of the receptor, specifically targeting to C255-C279, may become a novel strategy to treat anthrax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Jacquez
- Department of Biological Sciences & Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Avila
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, United States of America
| | - Kyle Boone
- Bioinformatics Program of University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, United States of America
| | - Agamyrat Altiyev
- Bioinformatics Program of University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, United States of America
| | - Jens Puschhof
- Department of Biological Sciences & Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, United States of America
| | - Roland Sauter
- Department of Biological Sciences & Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, United States of America
| | - Emma Arigi
- Department of Biological Sciences & Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, United States of America
| | - Blanca Ruiz
- Department of Biological Sciences & Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, United States of America
| | - Xiuli Peng
- China National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Igor Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences & Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, United States of America
| | - Michael Sherman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, United States of America
| | - Chuan Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CX); (JS)
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences & Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CX); (JS)
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Friebe S, Deuquet J, van der Goot FG. Differential dependence on N-glycosylation of anthrax toxin receptors CMG2 and TEM8. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119864. [PMID: 25781883 PMCID: PMC4363784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ANTXR 1 and 2, also known as TEM8 and CMG2, are two type I membrane proteins, which have been extensively studied for their role as anthrax toxin receptors, but with a still elusive physiological function. Here we have analyzed the importance of N-glycosylation on folding, trafficking and ligand binding of these closely related proteins. We find that TEM8 has a stringent dependence on N-glycosylation. The presence of at least one glycan on each of its two extracellular domains, the vWA and Ig-like domains, is indeed necessary for efficient trafficking to the cell surface. In the absence of any N-linked glycans, TEM8 fails to fold correctly and is recognized by the ER quality control machinery. Expression of N-glycosylation mutants reveals that CMG2 is less vulnerable to sugar loss. The absence of N-linked glycans in one of the extracellular domains indeed has little impact on folding, trafficking or receptor function of the wild type protein expressed in tissue culture cells. N-glycans do, however, seem required in primary fibroblasts from human patients. Here, the presence of N-linked sugars increases the tolerance to mutations in cmg2 causing the rare genetic disease Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome. It thus appears that CMG2 glycosylation provides a buffer towards genetic variation by promoting folding of the protein in the ER lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Friebe
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Deuquet
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F. Gisou van der Goot
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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26
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Cherkaoui Jaouad I, Guaoua S, Hajjioui A, Sefiani A. Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome with mutation c.1074delT of the CMG2 gene: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2014; 8:291. [PMID: 25186005 PMCID: PMC4158768 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-8-291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis and infantile systemic hyalinosis are variants of the same autosomal recessive syndrome; hyaline fibromatosis syndrome, characterized by papulonodular skin lesions, gingival hypertrophy, flexion contractures of joints, osteolytic bone lesions and stunted growth. Infantile systemic hyalinosis is distinguished from juvenile hyaline fibromatosis by its more severe phenotype, which includes hyaline deposits in multiple organs, recurrent infections and death within the first two years of life.Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome is due to mutations of the gene-encoding capillary morphogenesis protein 2 (CMG2). Cases have been reported in different countries but to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported Moroccan patient with hyaline fibromatosis syndrome and carrying the CMG2 mutation. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of an eight-year-old Moroccan male patient with typical features of hyaline fibromatosis syndrome: multiple recurring subcutaneous tumors, gingival hypertrophy, joint contractures and other anomalies carrying a homozygous mutation in the CMG2 gene. The identification of the mutation in our patient allowed us to do a presymptomatic diagnosis in our patient's sister, a two-day-old newborn, who is carrying the familial mutation in the heterozygous state. Early recognition of this condition is important for genetic counseling and early treatment. CONCLUSIONS Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome might be underdiagnosed. Molecular diagnosis will help clinicians and geneticists, firstly to conduct genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis and early treatment, and secondly to gain better understanding of the disease and genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Cherkaoui Jaouad
- Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V Souissi, Av. Mohamed Belarbi El Alaoui, Rabat 6203 Rabat, Morocco
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Av. Ibn Batouta, BP 769, CP 11400 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Soukaina Guaoua
- Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V Souissi, Av. Mohamed Belarbi El Alaoui, Rabat 6203 Rabat, Morocco
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Av. Ibn Batouta, BP 769, CP 11400 Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Abdelaziz Sefiani
- Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V Souissi, Av. Mohamed Belarbi El Alaoui, Rabat 6203 Rabat, Morocco
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Av. Ibn Batouta, BP 769, CP 11400 Rabat, Morocco
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27
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Jacquez P, Lei N, Weigt D, Xiao C, Sun J. Expression and purification of the functional ectodomain of human anthrax toxin receptor 2 in Escherichia coli Origami B cells with assistance of bacterial Trigger Factor. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 95:149-55. [PMID: 24380801 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ectodomain of anthrax toxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2) is composed of a von Willebrand factor A (VWA) domain that binds to anthrax toxin protective antigen (PA) and a newly defined immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domain, in which the disulfide bonds are required for PA pore formation and for the folding of ANTXR2. While the VWA domain has been well characterized, the structure and function of the whole ectodomain (VWA-Ig) are poorly defined, which is mainly due to the limited production of the soluble recombinant protein of the ectodomain. In the present study, the ANTXR2 ectodomain was fused to the C-terminus of bacterial Trigger Factor (TF), a chaperone that mediates the ribosome-associated, co-translational folding of newly synthesized polypeptides in Escherichia coli. Under the control of a cold shock promoter, the fusion protein was overly expressed as a dominant soluble protein at a low temperature in the oxidative cytoplasm of Origami B cells, where formation of the disulfide bonds is favored. Through a series of chromatography, the ANTXR2 ectodomain was purified into homogeneity. The purified ectodomain is functional in binding to PA and mediating PA pore formation on the liposomal membranes, and the yield is applicable for future biochemical and structural characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Jacquez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, United States
| | - Ningjing Lei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, United States
| | - David Weigt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, United States
| | - Chuan Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, United States
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, United States.
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28
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Therapeutic potential of proteasome inhibitors in congenital erythropoietic porphyria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:18238-43. [PMID: 24145442 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314177110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by uroporphyrinogen III synthase (UROS) deficiency resulting in massive porphyrin accumulation in blood cells, which is responsible for hemolytic anemia and skin photosensitivity. Among the missense mutations actually described up to now in CEP patients, the C73R and the P248Q mutations lead to a profound UROS deficiency and are usually associated with a severe clinical phenotype. We previously demonstrated that the UROS(C73R) mutant protein conserves intrinsic enzymatic activity but triggers premature degradation in cellular systems that could be prevented by proteasome inhibitors. We show evidence that the reduced kinetic stability of the UROS(P248Q) mutant is also responsible for increased protein turnover in human erythroid cells. Through the analysis of EGFP-tagged versions of UROS enzyme, we demonstrate that both UROS(C73R) and UROS(P248Q) are equally destabilized in mammalian cells and targeted to the proteasomal pathway for degradation. We show that a treatment with proteasomal inhibitors, but not with lysosomal inhibitors, could rescue the expression of both EGFP-UROS mutants. Finally, in CEP mice (Uros(P248Q/P248Q)) treated with bortezomib (Velcade), a clinically approved proteasome inhibitor, we observed reduced porphyrin accumulation in circulating RBCs and urine, as well as reversion of skin photosensitivity on bortezomib treatment. These results of medical importance pave the way for pharmacologic treatment of CEP disease by preventing certain enzymatically active UROS mutants from early degradation by using proteasome inhibitors or chemical chaperones.
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29
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Tümer L, Kasapkara C, Fong K, Serdaroğlu A, McGrath JA. Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome resulting from a new homozygous missense mutation, p.Gly116Val, in ANTXR2. J Dermatol 2013; 40:677-8. [PMID: 23734713 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Yan SE, Lemmin T, Salvi S, Lausch E, Superti-Furga A, Rokicki D, Dal Peraro M, van der Goot FG. In-depth analysis of hyaline fibromatosis syndrome frameshift mutations at the same site reveal the necessity of personalized therapy. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:1005-17. [PMID: 23554269 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in ANTXR2, a gene involved in extracellular matrix homeostasis. Sixty percent of patients carry frameshift mutations at a mutational hotspot in exon 13. We show in patient cells that these mutations lead to low ANTXR2 mRNA and undetectable protein levels. Ectopic expression of the proteins encoded by the mutated genes reveals that a two base insertion leads to the synthesis of a protein that is rapidly targeted to the ER-associated degradation pathway due to the modified structure of the cytosolic tail, which instead of being hydrophilic and highly disordered as in wild type ANTXR2, is folded and exposes hydrophobic patches. In contrast, one base insertion leads to a truncated protein that properly localizes to the plasma membrane and retains partial function. We next show that targeting the nonsense mediated mRNA decay pathway in patient cells leads to a rescue of ANTXR2 protein in patients carrying one base insertion but not in those carrying two base insertions. This study highlights the importance of in-depth analysis of the molecular consequences of specific patient mutations, which even when they occur at the same site can have drastically different consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixu E Yan
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Minogue PJ, Beyer EC, Berthoud VM. A connexin50 mutant, CX50fs, that causes cataracts is unstable, but is rescued by a proteasomal inhibitor. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:20427-34. [PMID: 23720739 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.452847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which mutant connexins lead to disease are diverse, including those of connexin50 (CX50) encoded by the GJA8 gene. We investigated the cellular and functional behavior of CX50fs, a mutant CX50 that has a frameshift after amino acid 255 and causes recessive congenital cataracts. Cellular levels of CX50fs were much lower than those of wild type CX50 in stably transfected HeLa cells. Whereas CX50 localized at distinct gap junction plaques and supported extensive intercellular transfer of Neurobiotin, CX50fs gap junctions were rare, and their support of Neurobiotin transfer was reduced by >90%. After inhibition of new protein synthesis with cycloheximide, CX50fs disappeared much more rapidly than CX50, suggesting increased degradation of the mutant. Treatment of cells with epoxomicin (a proteasomal inhibitor) led to a dramatic increase in CX50fs levels and in the abundance of gap junctions. Epoxomicin treatment also rescued intercellular transfer of Neurobiotin to levels similar to those in cells expressing the wild type protein. Treatment with eeyarestatin I (an inhibitor of p97-dependent protein degradation) resulted in many abundant slowly migrating CX50 and CX50fs bands consistent with polyubiquitination of the proteins. These results demonstrate that the CX50fs mutant is rapidly degraded by endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in mammalian cells. This accelerated degradation reduces the abundance of gap junctions and the extent of intercellular communication, potentially explaining the pathogenesis of cataracts linked to this mutant. The efficacy of epoxomicin in restoring function suggests that protease inhibition might have therapeutic value for this and other diseases caused by mutants with similar defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Minogue
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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32
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Fong K, Rama Devi AR, Lai-Cheong JE, Chirla D, Panda SK, Liu L, Tosi I, McGrath JA. Infantile systemic hyalinosis associated with a putative splice-site mutation in the ANTXR2 gene. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012; 37:635-8. [PMID: 22300424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by dermal and subcutaneous fibromatosis, joint contractures and bone deformities. The condition usually presents at birth, resulting in death in infancy. ISH is caused by mutations in the anthrax toxin receptor 2 gene, ANTXR2, also known as CMG2. We report an Indian child with ISH in whom we identified a homozygous acceptor splice site mutation, IVS2-4G>A. In silico analysis of this sequence showed that it changed predicted cryptic splicing, leading to out-of-frame transcripts and little, if any, functional protein. Mutations in the ANTXR2 gene can also cause juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF). Although there are currently no effective treatments for ISH or JHF, identification of pathogenetic mutations in the ANTXR2 gene makes DNA-based prenatal diagnosis feasible for subsequent pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fong
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, UK
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33
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Guerriero CJ, Brodsky JL. The delicate balance between secreted protein folding and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in human physiology. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:537-76. [PMID: 22535891 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein folding is a complex, error-prone process that often results in an irreparable protein by-product. These by-products can be recognized by cellular quality control machineries and targeted for proteasome-dependent degradation. The folding of proteins in the secretory pathway adds another layer to the protein folding "problem," as the endoplasmic reticulum maintains a unique chemical environment within the cell. In fact, a growing number of diseases are attributed to defects in secretory protein folding, and many of these by-products are targeted for a process known as endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). Since its discovery, research on the mechanisms underlying the ERAD pathway has provided new insights into how ERAD contributes to human health during both normal and diseases states. Links between ERAD and disease are evidenced from the loss of protein function as a result of degradation, chronic cellular stress when ERAD fails to keep up with misfolded protein production, and the ability of some pathogens to coopt the ERAD pathway. The growing number of ERAD substrates has also illuminated the differences in the machineries used to recognize and degrade a vast array of potential clients for this pathway. Despite all that is known about ERAD, many questions remain, and new paradigms will likely emerge. Clearly, the key to successful disease treatment lies within defining the molecular details of the ERAD pathway and in understanding how this conserved pathway selects and degrades an innumerable cast of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Guerriero
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, A320 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Additional thoughts about juvenile hyaline fibromatosis and infantile systemic hyalinosis. Adv Anat Pathol 2012; 19:191-2; author reply 192. [PMID: 22498585 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0b013e31825347bf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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In Reply. Adv Anat Pathol 2012. [DOI: 10.1097/pap.0b013e31825346f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Denadai R, Raposo-Amaral CE, Bertola D, Kim C, Alonso N, Hart T, Han S, Stelini RF, Buzzo CL, Raposo-Amaral CA, Hart PS. Identification of 2 novel ANTXR2 mutations in patients with hyaline fibromatosis syndrome and proposal of a modified grading system. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:732-42. [PMID: 22383261 PMCID: PMC4264531 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) and infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) are rare, autosomal recessive disorders of the connective tissue caused by mutations in the gene encoding the anthrax toxin receptor 2 protein (ANTXR2) located on chromosome 4q21. Characteristically, these conditions present with overlapping clinical features, such as nodules and/or pearly papules, gingival hyperplasia, flexion contractures of the joints, and osteolytic bone defects. The present report describes a pair of sibs and three other JHF/ISH patients whose diagnoses were based on typical clinical manifestations and confirmed by histopathologic analyses and/or molecular analysis. A comparison of ISH and JHF, additional thoughts about new terminology (hyaline fibromatosis syndrome) and a modified grading system are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Denadai
- School of Medical Sciences, Marília University, Marília, SP, Brazil
| | - Cassio E. Raposo-Amaral
- Institute of Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery, Brazilian Society of Research and Assistance to Craniofacial Rehabilitation Hospital (SOBRAPAR), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Bertola
- Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Chong Kim
- Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nivaldo Alonso
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thomas Hart
- Human Craniofacial Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sangwoo Han
- National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rafael F. Stelini
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Celso L. Buzzo
- Institute of Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery, Brazilian Society of Research and Assistance to Craniofacial Rehabilitation Hospital (SOBRAPAR), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar A. Raposo-Amaral
- Institute of Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery, Brazilian Society of Research and Assistance to Craniofacial Rehabilitation Hospital (SOBRAPAR), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - P. Suzanne Hart
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
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Deuquet J, Lausch E, Superti-Furga A, van der Goot FG. The dark sides of capillary morphogenesis gene 2. EMBO J 2012; 31:3-13. [PMID: 22215446 PMCID: PMC3252584 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2) is a type I membrane protein involved in the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix. While it shares interesting similarities with integrins, its exact molecular role is unknown. The interest and knowledge about CMG2 largely stems from the fact that it is involved in two diseases, one infectious and one genetic. CMG2 is the main receptor of the anthrax toxin, and knocking out this gene in mice renders them insensitive to infection with Bacillus anthracis spores. On the other hand, mutations in CMG2 lead to a rare but severe autosomal recessive disorder in humans called Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome (HFS). We will here review what is known about the structure of CMG2 and its ability to mediate anthrax toxin entry into cell. We will then describe the limited knowledge available concerning the physiological role of CMG2. Finally, we will describe HFS and the consequences of HFS-associated mutations in CMG2 at the molecular and cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Deuquet
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Global Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ekkehart Lausch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Molecular Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Gisou van der Goot
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Global Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Hor H, Bartesaghi L, Kutalik Z, Vicário JL, de Andrés C, Pfister C, Lammers GJ, Guex N, Chrast R, Tafti M, Peraita-Adrados R. A missense mutation in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein as a cause of familial narcolepsy with cataplexy. Am J Hum Genet 2011; 89:474-9. [PMID: 21907016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Narcolepsy is a rare sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Familial narcolepsy accounts for less than 10% of all narcolepsy cases. However, documented multiplex families are very rare and causative mutations have not been identified to date. To identify a causative mutation in familial narcolepsy, we performed linkage analysis in the largest ever reported family, which has 12 affected members, and sequenced coding regions of the genome (exome sequencing) of three affected members with narcolepsy and cataplexy. We successfully mapped a candidate locus on chromosomal region 6p22.1 (LOD score ¼ 3.85) by linkage analysis. Exome sequencing identified a missense mutation in the second exon of MOG within the linkage region. A c.398C>G mutation was present in all affected family members but absent in unaffected members and 775 unrelated control subjects. Transient expression of mutant myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in mouse oligodendrocytes showed abnormal subcellular localization, suggesting an altered function of the mutant MOG. MOG has recently been linked to various neuropsychiatric disorders and is considered as a key autoantigen in multiple sclerosis and in its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalitis. Our finding of a pathogenic MOG mutation highlights a major role for myelin and oligodendrocytes in narcolepsy and further emphasizes glial involvement in neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral disorders. [corrected].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hor
- Center for Integrative Genomics (CIG), University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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