Does propolis have any effect on rheumatoid arthritis? A review study

The effect of calcitriol and cholecalciferol on inflammatory markers in periprocedural myocardial injury: A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND

Inflammation is an important factor in the development of cardiac injury during and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Vitamin D receptors play a significant role in the cardiovascular system and have anti-inflammatory effects. Hence, our goal was to evaluate the impact of calcitriol and cholecalciferol as vitamin D receptors agonists on inflammatory biomarkers in patients who are undergoing elective PCI.

METHODS

In this controlled clinical trial, patients undergoing elective PCI were randomly assigned to receive either calcitriol and cholecalciferol or were placed in the control group from July 2021 to November 2022. Calcitriol and cholecalciferol were administered at doses of 1 mcg and 300,000 international units, respectively, before the procedure. High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was evaluated as the main inflammatory biomarker and other relevant clinical and laboratory data were also included.

RESULTS

During the study, 180 patients were allocated into three groups, each consisting of 60 patients, with a mean age of 62.26 ± 8.73 years. The prevalence of the underlying conditions was not different among the groups. After 24 hours, hs-CRP levels were lower (P = .012), and a significantly lower increase from baseline was observed (P = .003) in the group that received calcitriol. However, no significant differences were observed in Troponin I and creatine kinase-MB levels (P > .05).

CONCLUSIONS

Administration of calcitriol was associated with significantly lower levels of hs-CRP, the main cardiac inflammatory marker, in patients undergoing elective PCI. Further clinical studies with a larger sample size are needed to assess the clinical impact of this anti-inflammatory effect.

Propolis Extract Reduces Doxorubucin-Induced Brain Damage by Regulating Inflammation, ER Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis

Doxorubicin (DOX) is the most widely used chemotherapeutic agent to treat various tumors. DOX treatment can damage many organs, including the brain, by causing oxidative stress. Several antioxidant substances can lessen the effects of DOX or make antioxidant defense systems work faster. Propolis (PROP) is a powerful agent with various healing effects, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory. The point of this study is to look at the histopathological changes, apoptosis, and antioxidant effects of DOX on brain damage in rats. To find out what kinds of phytochemicals were in PROP from the Karlıova region of Bingöl province, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS) was used. Then, we made an ethanol extract of it. A total of 28 healthy male Wistar albino rats, each 12 weeks old and weighing between 220 and 250 g, were included in the study. Rats were divided into four groups: control, PROP, DOX, and PROP+DOX. We applied the relevant treatments to the determined groups. Following the application, we decapitated the rats under the appropriate conditions and collected blood and brain tissue samples. We examined oxidative stress parameters in blood samples and used brain tissue samples for histopathological, biochemical, and molecular analyses. We determined DOX levels in the brain tissue samples using UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS. The findings obtained showed that the PROP extract improved DOX-induced brain tissue damage. In addition, PROP extract attenuated DOX-induced brain tissue inflammation, ER stress, apoptosis, and oxidative stress.

Antioxidant Therapies as Emerging Adjuncts in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Targeting Oxidative Stress to Enhance Treatment Outcomes

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and progressive joint destruction. Recent data underscore oxidative stress as a primary factor in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis, intensifying inflammatory processes and tissue damage via the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and compromised antioxidant defenses. Current therapies, including disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), primarily target immune dysregulation but fail to address oxidative stress, necessitating novel adjunctive treatment strategies. This review explores the potential of antioxidant-based therapies as complementary approaches to RA management. Natural compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, sulforaphane, and propolis exhibit strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties by modulating redox-sensitive pathways, including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase (HO-1). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) replenishes intracellular glutathione, enhancing cellular resilience against oxidative stress. Additionally, molecular hydrogen (H2) selectively neutralizes harmful ROS, reducing oxidative damage and inflammation. The role of vitamin supplementation (D, B12, C, and K) in regulating immune responses and protecting joint structures is also discussed. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy and potential clinical applications of antioxidant therapies in RA, emphasizing their role in mitigating oxidative damage and improving treatment outcomes. While preliminary findings are promising, further clinical trials are needed to establish standardized dosing, long-term safety, and their integration into current RA treatment protocols.

Propolis: A Natural Substance with Multifaceted Properties and Activities

Propolis (bee glue) is a complex mixture of resins, waxes, and gums, and it is a resinous exudate manufactured by honey bees to maintain the integrity of the hive and defend against external threats. This multifunctional material exhibits several striking properties. The anti-inflammatory properties of propolis have made it a subject of traditional medicine over time, from ancient Egyptian mummification to modern complementary medicine. Propolis with rich phytochemicals, such as polyphenols and flavonoids, exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. This review describes multiple properties and uses of propolis, highlighting the role of propolis as an exceptional natural resource with high therapeutic potential.

Effects of propolis consumption on blood pressure, lipid profile and glycemic parameters in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

Propolis, as a by-product of honey production, has shown several beneficial effects on cardiovascular risks in past randomised controlled trials, although the findings are not conclusive. In this review, we intend to evaluate the effects of propolis consumption on cardiovascular risk factors by conducting a meta-analysis. The Web of Science, Medline and Scopus databases were comprehensively searched until September 2023. Eligible studies were identified by screening, and their data were extracted. Weighted mean differences with a 95 % CI for each outcome were estimated using the random-effects model. This meta-analysis revealed that propolis consumption led to a significant decrease in the levels of TAG (weighted mean differences (WMD): -10·44 mg/dl 95 % CI: -16·58, -4·31; P = 0·001), LDL-cholesterol (WMD: -9·31 mg/dl; 95 % CI: -13·50, -5·12 mg; P < 0·001), fasting blood glucose (WMD: -7·30 mg/dl; 95 % CI: -11·58, -3·02; P = 0·001), HbA1c (WMD: -0·32 %; 95 % CI: -0·60, -0·05; P = 0·01), insulin (WMD: -1·36 μU/ml; 95 % CI: -2·36, -0·36; P = 0·007), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (WMD: -0·39; 95 % CI: -0·74, -0·03; P = 0·020) and systolic blood pressure (WMD: -2·24 mmHg 95 % CI: -4·08, -0·39; P = 0·010), compared with the control groups. Furthermore, propolis consumption had a significant increasing effect on HDL-cholesterol levels (WMD: 2·03 mg/dl; 95 % CI: 0·24, 3·83; P = 0·020). In contrast, the consumption of propolis had no significant effect on total cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure levels. This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis suggested that propolis intake may be effective in cardiometabolic improvement in adults. Further, well-designed studies are required to confirm and elucidate all aspects of these findings.

Propolis does not significantly modulate immune function in an older population: A preliminary study

Purpose

The human trial aimed to study the influence of propolis on immune function in the elderly.

Methods

Non-institutionalized community-dwelling individuals aged 60-80 years were recruited from Tianjin, China. Participants were assigned randomly to either the Chinese propolis group (600 mg/day, n = 32) or the control group (n = 30). Serum antibodies and biochemical indices were measured using commercial kits; cytokines were detected using ELISA assay, and the functions of lymphocytes and neutrophils were assayed using the MTT and Staphylococcal methods, respectively. A dietary survey was conducted based on 24-h recall.

Results

The study lasted for 12 weeks. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels notably increased at week 6 although these levels returned to baseline by week 12 in the Chinese propolis group. No significant difference was detected in serum antibodies, cytokines, or lymphocyte and neutrophil functions between the two groups at any time point.

Conclusions

Chinese propolis could stimulate IgG secretion within a certain period, but it was restored to baseline levels over time. Propolis does not significantly affect other immune markers in the elderly.

The effects of alpha-lipoic acid transdermal patch for local subcutaneous fat reduction: A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial in overweight volunteers

Background

Combating obesity is challenging, as anti-obesity compounds lose effectiveness or cause severe side effects when delivered via conventional routes. Thus, there is a need for new, effective treatment routes that are home-based and safe for long-term use. This double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial aimed to investigate the efficacy of a biocellulose transdermal patch containing α-lipoic acid (ALA), an anti-obesity compound, in reducing subcutaneous fat accumulation.

Methods

One hundred and sixteen overweight participants (average age 37.96 ± 7.80 years) were recruited for the study. They were randomly assigned to apply either the calcium citrate nanoparticle-encapsulated ALA transdermal patch or a placebo on their arm. The participants' body weight, height, blood lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein), arm circumference, triceps skin fold, and subcutaneous fat thickness were recorded at baseline and at the 2-week follow-up.

Results

The mean arm circumference did not show any significant difference from baseline, whereas the triceps skinfold and subcutaneous fat thickness showed a significant reduction. The 2-week treatment did not significantly alter the plasma LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels of the participants, but it significantly reduced the total cholesterol level.

Conclusion

This study reports the successful reduction of subcutaneous fat of the calcium citrate nanoparticle-encapsulated ALA transdermal patches. The transdermal patches could be used as a safe and effective home-based solution for combating obesity.

Efficacy, side effects, adherence, affordability, and procurement of dietary supplements for treating hypercholesterolemia: a narrative review

INTRODUCTION

Statins are effective in reducing high cholesterol levels; however, due to associated side effects, many patients actively seek alternative medications. This review evaluates the efficacy, side effects, patient adherence, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility of dietary supplements (DS) as a treatment option for hypercholesterolemia.

METHODS

This narrative review compares red yeast rice (RYR), flaxseed, artichokes, bergamot, Ayurvedic mixtures (with garlic as a prominent ingredient), and statins for treating hypercholesterolemia. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases for studies published between 2012 and 2024 using "hypercholesterolemia" in combination with a dietary supplement (red yeast rice, flaxseed, artichokes, garlic, or bergamot). The selected articles were published until 28th January 2024 with no language restrictions.

RESULTS

Study results suggest that alternative treatments using dietary supplements such as flaxseed, bergamot, or red yeast rice may effectively reduce cholesterol levels, with the specific value varying based on the study.

CONCLUSION

The following natural ingredients - red yeast rice, artichoke extract, bergamot, garlic, and flaxseed - have been specifically selected for their cholesterol-lowering properties. Based on consistent usage, except for aged garlic extract, these ingredients appear to have a beneficial impact on cholesterol levels. (1) It is advisable to conduct a comprehensive cohort study to assess the efficacy of relevant dietary supplements, particularly red yeast rice, bergamot, and flaxseed, in treating hypercholesterolemia. This is important due to the varying effectiveness of alternative treatments. However, there are lingering concerns regarding the lack of supervision and quality control that require attention. (2) Further research into the specific molecular composition and the underlying mechanisms by which it reduces cholesterol levels is warranted.

The effect of Oleoylethanolamide supplementation on lipid profile, fasting blood sugar and dietary habits in obese people: a randomized double-blind placebo-control trial

BACKGROUND

Abnormalities in biochemical parameters and changes in eating habits are considered complications of obesity. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), an endocannabinoid-like compound, has been shown to have protective effects on many metabolic disorders. Given this evidence, the present study aimed to assess the effects of OEA on lipid profile parameters, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and dietary habits in healthy obese people.

METHODS

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, which was carried out in 2016 in Tabriz, Iran, 60 obese people were enrolled in the study based on inclusion criteria. The intervention group consumed 125 mg of OEA capsules, and the placebo group received the same amount of starch twice for 8 weeks. Blood samples (5 mL) were taken at baseline and the end of the study in a fasting state. Serum concentrations of FBS, triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC) were measured by enzymatic methods using commercial kits. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration was obtained using the Friede-Wald formula. To assess dietary habits, a food frequency questionnaire (147 items) was used at baseline and the end of the study. A value less than < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.

RESULTS

The TG concentration decreased significantly in the intervention group (mean (SD): 166.29 (70.01) mg/dL to 142.22 (48.05) mg/dL, p = 0.047). Changes in the placebo group were not significant (p > 0.05). After adjusting for baseline values and demographic characteristics, the difference in TG between groups remained significant (p = 0.044). Changes in other biochemical parameters were not significant. There was no significant difference between or within groups in terms of food groups.

CONCLUSION

OEA, as a complementary agent, plays a protective role in TG regulation. However, future studies with longer durations are needed to explore the impact of OEA on regulating dietary habits and to identify the mechanisms related to metabolic abnormalities in obese people.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

The study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) center as IRCT201607132017N30 with URL. www.IRCT.IR in date 03/10/2016.

The association between healthy diet indicator and phytochemical index with prostate cancer odds ratio: a case-control study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Healthy diets and diets rich in phytochemicals can have health-promoting benefits in prostate cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the possible association between Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) and Phytochemical Index (PI) with prostate cancer odds ratio.

METHODS

This is a case-control study conducted in Shiraz, Iran, involving 62 newly diagnosed prostate cancer cases and 63 hospital-based controls. The study collected demographic and anthropometric data, as well as dietary intake information via a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the association between HDI and PI with prostate cancer.

RESULTS

The study included 120 participants and found that individuals with higher HDI and PI scores had a lower odds ratio of prostate cancer (HDI: odds ratio (OR): 0.322 - confidence interval (CI) 95%: 0.14-0.700 - PI: OR: 0.426 - CI 95%: 0.204-0.888). After adjusting for potential confounders, a lower odds ratio of prostate cancer was observed specifically among those with higher HDI scores (OR: 0.376 - CI 95%: 0.163-0.868).

CONCLUSION

The findings of the present study suggest that adopting healthier dietary habits rich in dietary phytochemicals could be effective in preventing and halting the progression of prostate cancer.

Prevalence of anemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and its association with dietary inflammatory index: A population-based study from NHANES 1999 to 2018

Anemia is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and it is unknown whether the dietary inflammatory index (DII) is linked to anemia. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of anemia in RA patients and its association with the DII. The data utilized in this study were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database from 1999 to 2018. The prevalence of anemia in RA patients was estimated by ethnicity, sex, and age. Weighted multivariate logistic regression was utilized to explore the correlation between anemia risk and DII. The most crucial dietary factors related to the risk of anemia in RA patients were screened by stepwise regression. A nomogram model was established according to key dietary factors. A total of 10.25% (confidence interval, 8.58-11.92%) of RA patients will develop anemia, with the lowest prevalence around the age of 60. In addition, higher DII levels were discovered in anemic patients than in nonanemic patients. In multivariate regression models, an important positive association was revealed between anemia and growing quartiles of DII (Q4 vs Q1: odds ratio = 1.98; confidence interval, 1.25-3.15). In the subgroup analysis, the adjusted relation of DII with anemia in females, Mexicans, smokers, nondrinkers, and age groups ≥ 60 years was statistically significant. The same association was observed in the sensitivity analysis. A nomogram model based on stepwise regression screening of key dietary factors showed good discriminatory power to identify anemic risk in RA patients (area under the curve: 0.707). In patients with RA, high DII levels were associated with the risk of anemia. More attention should be given to controlling dietary inflammation to better prevent and treat anemia.

Mini-encyclopedia of mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals protecting health in primary and secondary care-clinically relevant 3PM innovation

Despite their subordination in humans, to a great extent, mitochondria maintain their independent status but tightly cooperate with the "host" on protecting the joint life quality and minimizing health risks. Under oxidative stress conditions, healthy mitochondria promptly increase mitophagy level to remove damaged "fellows" rejuvenating the mitochondrial population and sending fragments of mtDNA as SOS signals to all systems in the human body. As long as metabolic pathways are under systemic control and well-concerted together, adaptive mechanisms become triggered increasing systemic protection, activating antioxidant defense and repair machinery. Contextually, all attributes of mitochondrial patho-/physiology are instrumental for predictive medical approach and cost-effective treatments tailored to individualized patient profiles in primary (to protect vulnerable individuals again the health-to-disease transition) and secondary (to protect affected individuals again disease progression) care. Nutraceuticals are naturally occurring bioactive compounds demonstrating health-promoting, illness-preventing, and other health-related benefits. Keeping in mind health-promoting properties of nutraceuticals along with their great therapeutic potential and safety profile, there is a permanently growing demand on the application of mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals. Application of nutraceuticals is beneficial only if meeting needs at individual level. Therefore, health risk assessment and creation of individualized patient profiles are of pivotal importance followed by adapted nutraceutical sets meeting individual needs. Based on the scientific evidence available for mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals, this article presents examples of frequent medical conditions, which require protective measures targeted on mitochondria as a holistic approach following advanced concepts of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM) in primary and secondary care.

Effects of Cranberry Extract (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Supplementation on Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (Stages 3-4): A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background

Growing evidence suggests that bioactive compounds in berry fruits may mitigate inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Objectives

To evaluate cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) supplementation effects on modulation of transcription factors involved in inflammation and oxidative stress in nondialysis (stages 3 and 4) patients with CKD. Design/Participants. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed with 30 patients to receive capsules containing cranberry extract (1000 mg/day) or placebo (1000 mg/day of corn starch) for two months. Measurements. The mRNA expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in the plasma to assess oxidative stress. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plasma levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and C-reactive protein (CRP) by immunoturbidimetric method.

Results

Twenty-five patients completed the study: 12 in the cranberry group (56.7 ± 7.5 years and body mass index (BMI) of 29.6 ± 5.5 kg/m2) and 13 in the placebo group (58.8 ± 5.1 years and BMI 29.8 ± 5.4 kg/m2). There were no differences in NF-kB or Nrf2 mRNA expressions (p = 0.99 and p = 0.89) or TBARS, CRP, and IL-6 plasma levels after cranberry supplementation.

Conclusions

The cranberry extract administration (1000 mg/day) did not affect Nrf2 and NF-kB mRNA expression, oxidative stress, or inflammatory markers levels in nondialysis CKD patients. This trial is registered with NCT04377919.

Effectiveness of an ERAS-based exercise-nutrition management model in enhancing postoperative recovery for thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer: A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND

To analyze the effect of an exercise-nutrition management model based on the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) concept on patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical surgery for lung cancer.

METHODS

From June 2019 to December 2022, 85 lung cancer patients who underwent thoracoscopic radical lung cancer surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group, consisting of 42 patients, received routine nursing care during the perioperative period. The study group, comprising 43 patients, implemented an exercise-nutrition management model based on the ERAS concept during the perioperative period. We compared general data, perioperative indicators, compliance, and complications between the 2 groups. Additionally, we assessed the nutritional status using the patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA), albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PA), and hemoglobin (Hb), as well as lung function, including forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), in the patient population following the Piper intervention.

RESULTS

In the study group, the times to first defecation and getting out of bed, the duration of thoracic drainage tube indwelling, and the length of hospital stay were shorter than those in the control group. The VAS scores on the 2nd and 3rd postoperative days were lower in the study group than in the control group (P < .05). Medication compliance was higher in the study group compared to the control group (P < .05). Post-intervention, the PG-SGA scores in the study group were lower, while PA, ALB, and Hb levels were higher than those in the control group (P < .05). The MVV, FEV1, and FVC values were higher in the study group than in the control group after the intervention (P < .05). The PFS and mMRC scores were lower in the study group compared to the control group after the intervention, and the QLQ-C30 scores were higher (P < .05). The incidence of complications was 6.98% in the study group, which was not significantly different from 11.90% in the control group (P > .05).

CONCLUSION

The exercise-nutrition management model, based on the ERAS concept, exhibits significant perioperative effects in patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer, improving their nutritional status and reducing complications.

Physicochemical Characterization, Antioxidant, and Proliferative Activity of Colombian Propolis Extracts: A Comparative Study

Propolis extracts have been widely studied due to their popularity in traditional medicine, presenting incredible biodiversity. This study aimed to analyze propolis extracts' phytochemical, physicochemical, and biological activities from four different biogeographic zones of the Huila region (Colombia). The raw material samples were collected by the scraping method and the ethanolic extracts (EEPs) were obtained by cold maceration with ethanol (96%). The physicochemical and sensory characterization was carried out according to the protocols recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture and the main components of the EEPs were identified by LC-HRMS analysis. The determination of total phenols and flavonoids was carried out using colorimetric techniques. The antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, and cell cycle regulation analyses in L929 and HGnF cells were evaluated using DPPH, Alamar Blue, and 7-amino actinomycin D (7-AAD) assays. The propolis samples presented an average yield of 33.1%, humidity between 1.6 and 2.8%, melting point between 54 and 62 °C, ashes between 1.40 and 2.19%, and waxes of 6.6-17.9%, respectively. The sensory characteristics of all samples were heterogeneous, complying with the quality specifications established by international standards. The polyphenolic and total flavonoid content was representative in the samples from Quebradon (255.9 ± 9.2 mg GAE/g, 543.1 ± 8.4 mg QE/g) and Arcadia (543.1 ± 8.4 mg GAE/g, 32.5 ± 1.18 g QE/g) (p < 0.05) that correlated with high antioxidant activity (Quebradon: 37.2 ± 1.2 µmol/g, Arcadia: 38.19 ± 0.7 µmol/g). In the chemical composition analysis, 19 compounds were characterized as phenolic acids and flavonoids, the most representative being chrysoeriol-O-methyl-ether, ellagic acid, and 3,4-O-dimethylcaffeic acid. Regarding biological activity, Quebradon and Arcadia propolis presented low toxicity with IC50 of 2.83 ± 2.3 mg/mL and 4.28 ± 1.4 mg/mL in HGnF cells, respectively, and an arrest of the cell cycle in the G2/M phase of 71.6% and 50.8% compared to the control (11.9%) (p < 0.05). In general, the results of this study contribute to the identification of valid quality criteria to evaluate Colombian propolis, contributing to its study and chemical and biological characterization as a source of raw material for industrial and pharmaceutical use. In addition, Quebradon and Arcadia propolis can be important sources of bioactive molecules for the development of new drugs.

Over-the-Counter Anti-inflammatory Supplements for Adjunctive Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a prevalent chronic disease, poses significant treatment challenges, including side effects and high costs of conventional therapies. This heightens interest in natural, over-the-counter (OTC) anti-inflammatory supplements as potential adjunctive treatments. Given their roles in mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress, key factors in RA pathogenesis, these supplements could offer valuable therapeutic adjunctive. Our review addresses this emerging area, providing insights into the efficacy and safety of these supplements in RA management. Methods: observational studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses on anti-inflammatory supplements in RA over the past 10 years. Relevant articles were reviewed, and data was synthesized. Several supplements demonstrate beneficial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may improve RA outcomes. Quercetin suppresses inflammatory cytokines and pathways. Green tea polyphenols inhibit mediators like TNF-alpha and IL-6. Curcumin impacts inflammatory cytokines and signaling cascades. Ginger components block enzymes and inflammation pathways. Omega-3 fatty acids modulate immune cell function and cytokine production. While promising, high-quality evidence remains limited, and optimal dosing is uncertain for most supplements. Our review emphasizes the potential of over-the-counter anti-inflammatory supplements as an adjunctive treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. While these supplements, like quercetin, green tea polyphenols, and omega-3 fatty acids, show promising anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, there are substantial concerns regarding their consistency and quality in the market, unclear interactions with conventional medications, and the lack of standardized dosages. More extensive research, particularly randomized controlled trials, is crucial to establish clear guidelines.

Propolis Protects GC-1spg Spermatogonial Cells against Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Oxidative Damage

Propolis is a natural resin produced by honeybees with plenty of pharmacologic properties, including antioxidant activity. Oxidative stress disrupts germ cell development and sperm function, with demonstrated harmful effects on male reproduction. Several natural antioxidants have been shown to reduce oxidative damage and increase sperm fertility potential; however, little is known about the effects of propolis. This work evaluated the role of propolis in protecting spermatogonial cells from oxidative damage. Propolis' phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential were determined, and mouse GC-1spg spermatogonial cells were treated with 0.1-500 µg/mL propolis (12-48 h) in the presence or absence of an oxidant stimulus (tert-butyl hydroperoxide, TBHP, 0.005-3.6 µg/mL, 12 h). Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assays and proliferation by Ki-67 immunocytochemistry. Apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant defenses were evaluated colorimetrically. Propolis presented high phenolic and flavonoid content and moderate antioxidant activity, increasing the viability of GC-1spg cells and counteracting TBHP's effects on viability and proliferation. Additionally, propolis reduced ROS levels in GC-1spg, regardless of the presence of TBHP. Propolis decreased caspase-3 and increased glutathione peroxidase activity in TBHP-treated GC-1spg cells. The present study shows the protective action of propolis against oxidative damage in spermatogonia, opening the possibility of exploiting its benefits to male fertility.

Impact of a multidisciplinary collaborative nutritional treatment model in patients who are critically ill with neurological disorders: A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND

Malnutrition is a widespread problem in critically ill patients with neurological disorders.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a multidisciplinary collaborative nutritional treatment mode based on a standardized unit for nutritional support on the outcome metrics in patients with neurological disorders who are critically ill.

METHODS

We enrolled 84 participants who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Yancheng No. 1 People's Hospital for neurological disorders between June 2018 and December 2021. The participants were randomly assigned to the control group and the test group. The control group received traditional nutritional support, while the test group was treated with a multidisciplinary collaborative nutritional treatment mode based on a standardized unit for nutritional support. We collected the general information, feeding tolerance (FT), nutritional risk score, and laboratory indicators before intervention, after intervention for one week, and after intervention for 2 weeks, and other data of the participants.

RESULTS

After the intervention, the test group scored significantly lower than the control group in the incidence of gastroparesis and diarrhea, as well as the NUTRIC score, with statistically significant differences (P< 0.001). The prealbumin levels in the test group increased progressively prior to intervention, after intervention for one week, and after intervention for two weeks. Compared to the control group, the test group had higher prealbumin levels prior to intervention, after intervention for one week, and after intervention for two weeks, with statistically significant differences (P< 0.001).

CONCLUSION

We developed a multidisciplinary collaborative nutritional treatment model based on a standard unit for nutritional support. This model can improve neural function, FT, and pertinent outcome indicators and is generally applicable.

Effects of sumac supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

This systematic review aimed to gather data on the effects of sumac supplementation on lipid profile. A systematic literature search was carried out using electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) up to March 2023 to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of sumac intake on lipid profile as an outcome. All participants enrolled in our study were adult individuals who consumed sumac, in various forms, as an intervention. The included articles were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Heterogeneity tests of the selected trials were performed using the I2 statistic. Random effects models were assessed based on the heterogeneity tests, and pooled data were determined as the weighted mean difference with a 95% confidence interval. In total, seven RCTs with a total sample size of 570 subjects were included. This study found a significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC) (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -10.01 mg/dL; 95% CI: -18.67, -1.34), triglyceride (TG) (WMD: -8.52 mg/dL; 95% CI: -14.79, -2.25), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C levels (WMD: -9.25 mg/dL; 95% CI: -14.56, -3.93); Moreover, a significant increase was observed in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C concentration (WMD: 2.97 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.75, 5.19). The reduction in TG and TC was greater in studies with a duration of ≥12 compared to <12 weeks. The increase in HDL-C was greater in participants with an intervention duration of ≥12 compared to <12 weeks. Moreover, subgroup analysis based on the dose of sumac suggested a significant reduction in TC and LDL, specifically for doses below 3 g. Consumption of sumac significantly decreased serum TC, LDL-C, and TG concentrations. This study suggested significantly positive effects on HDL-C by intake of sumac. Longer interventions (>12 weeks) have a more favorable impact on TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C, while sumac doses below 3 g/day show greater effects on TC and LDL-C. These findings underscore the potential of sumac supplementation as a valuable approach to lipid profile management.

Sugar sweetened beverages, natural fruit juices, and cancer: what we know and what still needs to be assessed

Cancer is known as one of the leading causes of death in the world. In addition to early mortality, cancer is associated with disability in affected patients. Among environmental risk factors, special attention has been paid to the role of dietary factors. In recent decades, the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and natural fruit juices has increased. Several studies have assessed the effects of these beverages on human health and found that a higher intake of SSBs is associated with a greater risk of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, current evidence for cancer incidence and mortality is not conclusive. In the current review, we concluded that SSBs intake might be positively associated with cancer incidence/mortality through their increasing effects on obesity, inflammatory biomarkers, serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and advanced glycation end-products. Such a positive association was also seen for natural fruit juices. However, types of natural fruit juices were not considered in most previous studies. In addition, some types of cancer including brain, lung, and renal cancers were not assessed in relation to SSBs and natural fruit juices. Therefore, further studies are needed in this regard.

The effect of propolis supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in women with rheumatoid arthritis: A double-blind, placebo, controlled randomized clinical trial

Propolis has gained popularity in recent years because of its beneficial properties, which make it a possible preventative and therapeutic agent as well as a valuable food and cosmetic ingredient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of propolis supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in women with rheumatoid arthritis. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed among 48 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Subjects were randomly assigned to placebo and intervention groups, supplemented with 1000 mg/day of propolis for 12 weeks. Cardiovascular risk factors including, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), Nitric oxide, blood pressure, and lipid profile were assessed pre-and post-intervention. The atherogenic index of plasma value, as well as total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride/HDL-C, and non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratios, were significantly reduced in the intervention group, compared with the placebo group post-intervention (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant reduction in the serum level of hs-CRP in the intervention group when compared with the placebo group (p = 0.001). Furthermore, propolis supplementation could marginally reduce MCP-1 (p = 0.051). These data indicate that propolis supplementation may be a promising treatment strategy for cardiovascular complications among rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Decreasing trend of blood lipid profile in type 2 diabetes: Not a promising change in HDL-C, a serial cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been reported to be relatively high. The current study aimed to investigate the trend of serum lipid levels and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients with T2D.

METHODS

Data were extracted from a cohort of patients with T2D who had regular follow-ups every year for three years. TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C were analyzed. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated using log (TG/HDL-C).

RESULTS

A total of 747 patients with T2D were included in this study, consisting of 469 (62.8%) women and 278 (37.2%) men. There was a significant downward trend in mean TG, TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and AIP levels. The trend of mean HDL-C levels showed no significant change. The prevalence of high TG, high TC, high LDL-C, and high non-HDL-C significantly decreased from the first to the last visit. There was no significant change in the trend of prevalence of low HDL-C. The prevalence of high AIP significantly decreased in women and showed no significant changes in men.

CONCLUSIONS

A decreasing trend was observed in the mean levels and prevalence of TG, TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and AIP. HDL-C did not change significantly. The success rate in achieving a complete normal lipid profile during follow-up years was not promising and continues to be challenging.

The effect of L-carnitine supplementation on lipid profile in adults: an umbrella meta-analysis on interventional meta-analyses

Introduction

Previous meta-analyses investigating the therapeutic effects of L-carnitine on lipid profiles have demonstrated inconsistent results. The present umbrella meta-analysis aimed to investigate the impact of efficacy of L-carnitine on lipid profiles in adults.

Methods

Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched up to June 2023. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model.

Results

Our results from thirteen meta-analyses indicated that L-carnitine supplementation significantly total cholesterol (TC) (ES = -1.05 mg/dL, 95% CI: -1.71, -0.39; p = 0.002), triglycerides (TG) (ES = -2.51 mg/dL; 95% CI: -3.62, -1.39, p < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (ES = -4.81 mg/dL; 95% CI: -6.04, -3.59; p < 0.001). It also increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (ES: 0.66 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.20, 1.12, p = 0.005) levels.

Conclusion

The present umbrella meta-analysis suggests supplementation with L-carnitine in a dosage of more than 2 g/day can improve lipid profile. Thus, L-carnitine supplementation can be recommended as an adjuvant anti-hyperlipidemic agent.

The role of chromium supplementation in cardiovascular risk factors: A comprehensive reviews of putative molecular mechanisms

In the recent years, micronutrients play an important role in improving body health with preventing and treating of chronic diseases. Chromium is one of the vital minerals involved in the regulation of insulin action. According to abundant evidences this mineral seems to be an essential factor involved in the reduction of insulin resistance and decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Moreover, it has been proposed that Chromium supplementation affects mechanisms involved in blood pressure, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress. For instance, it may affect blood pressure through alteration of the renin-angiotensin system, as well as reducing the angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. Furthermore, Chromium supplementation might help reduce the coronary heart disease rates. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review regarding to the effects of Chromium supplementation on CVDs risk factors with an emphasis on possible molecular mechanisms.

Revolutionizing the Use of Honeybee Products in Healthcare: A Focused Review on Using Bee Pollen as a Potential Adjunct Material for Biomaterial Functionalization

The field of biomedical engineering highly demands technological improvements to allow the successful engraftment of biomaterials requested for healing damaged host tissues, tissue regeneration, and drug delivery. Polymeric materials, particularly natural polymers, are one of the primary suitable materials employed and functionalized to enhance their biocompatibility and thus confer advantageous features after graft implantation. Incorporating bioactive substances from nature is a good technique for expanding or increasing the functionality of biomaterial scaffolds, which may additionally encourage tissue healing. Our ecosystem provides natural resources, like honeybee products, comprising a rich blend of phytochemicals with interesting bioactive properties, which, when functionally coupled with biomedical biomaterials, result in the biomaterial exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. Bee pollen is a sustainable product recently discovered as a new functionalizing agent for biomaterials. This review aims to articulate the general idea of using honeybee products for biomaterial engineering, mainly focusing on describing recent literature on experimental studies on biomaterials functionalized with bee pollen. We have also described the underlying mechanism of the bioactive attributes of bee pollen and shared our perspective on how future biomedical research will benefit from the fabrication of such functionalized biomaterials.

Propolis and Their Active Constituents for Chronic Diseases

Propolis is a mass of chemically diverse phytoconstituents with gummy textures that are naturally produced by honeybees upon collection of plant resins for utilization in various life processes in beehives. Since ancient times, propolis has been a unique traditional remedy globally utilized for several purposes, and it has secured value in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical areas in recent years. The chemical composition of propolis comprises diverse constituents and deviations in the precise composition of the honeybee species, plant source used for propolis production by bees, climate conditions and harvesting season. Over 300 molecular structures have been discovered from propolis, and important classes include phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, benzofurans, benzopyrene and chalcones. Propolis has also been reported to have diverse pharmacological activities, such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and anticaries. As chronic diseases have risen as a global health threat, abundant research has been conducted to track propolis and its constituents as alternative therapies for chronic diseases. Several clinical trials have also revealed the potency of propolis and its constituents for preventing and curing some chronic diseases. This review explores the beneficial effect of propolis and its active constituents with credible mechanisms and computational studies on chronic diseases.

Allergic Inflammation: Effect of Propolis and Its Flavonoids

The incidence of allergic diseases and their complications are increasing worldwide. Today, people increasingly use natural products, which has been termed a "return to nature". Natural products with healing properties, especially those obtained from plants and bees, have been used in the prevention and treatment of numerous chronic diseases, including allergy and/or inflammation. Propolis is a multi-component resin rich in flavonoids, collected and transformed by honeybees from buds and plant wounds for the construction and adaptation of their nests. This article describes the current views regarding the possible mechanisms and multiple benefits of flavonoids in combating allergy and allergy-related complications. These benefits arise from flavonoid anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and wound healing activities and their effects on microbe-immune system interactions in developing host responses to different allergens. Finally, this article presents various aspects of allergy pathobiology and possible molecular approaches in their treatment. Possible mechanisms regarding the antiallergic action of propolis on the microbiota of the digestive and respiratory tracts and skin diseases as a method to selectively remove allergenic molecules by the process of bacterial biotransformation are also reported.

Propolis: Its Role and Efficacy in Human Health and Diseases

With technological advancements in the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries, numerous research studies have focused on the propolis produced by stingless bees (Meliponini tribe) and Apis mellifera honeybees as alternative complementary medicines for the potential treatment of various acute and chronic diseases. Propolis can be found in tropical and subtropical forests throughout the world. The composition of phytochemical constituents in propolis varies depending on the bee species, geographical location, botanical source, and environmental conditions. Typically, propolis contains lipid, beeswax, essential oils, pollen, and organic components. The latter include flavonoids, phenolic compounds, polyphenols, terpenes, terpenoids, coumarins, steroids, amino acids, and aromatic acids. The biologically active constituents of propolis, which include countless organic compounds such as artepillin C, caffeic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, apigenin, chrysin, galangin, kaempferol, luteolin, genistein, naringin, pinocembrin, coumaric acid, and quercetin, have a broad spectrum of biological and therapeutic properties such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstruct pulmonary disorders, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory tract-related diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, as well as neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and immuno-inflammatory agents. Therefore, this review aims to provide a summary of recent studies on the role of propolis, its constituents, its biologically active compounds, and their efficacy in the medicinal and pharmaceutical treatment of chronic diseases.

Association between spicy foods consumption and cardiovascular disease risk factors: Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

Background

Evidence regarding the association of spicy foods intake with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors was less clear, especially in those with diabetes. We hereby examined the association of spicy foods intake with CVD risk factors in older Chinese.

Methods

Thirty thousand three hundred twenty-five participants (72.34% women) aged 50+ years were recruited in the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study from 2003 to 2008. Information of spicy foods intake and disease history was collected by face-to-face interview. CVD risk factors were measured and treated as continuous variables. Diabetes was defined by a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes.

Results

Of 30,325 participants, 12.9% consumed spicy foods regularly. After adjusting for multiple confounders, participants who consumed spicy foods of 5–7 days/week, versus none, had higher body mass index (1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.42 kg/m²), waist circumference (2.80, 95% CI 2.18–3.41 cm), waist-to-hip ratio (0.010, 95% CI 0.006 to 0.015), systolic blood pressure (2.44, 95% CI 0.92 to 3.97 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (1.94, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.73 mmHg), FPG (0.310, 95% CI 0.188 to 0.432 mmol/L), triglycerides (0.185, 95% CI 0.096 to 0.273 mmol/L), and lower high-`density lipoprotein cholesterol (− 0.040, 95% CI − 0.069 to − 0.012 mmol/L). Similar results were found for the associations of spicy foods strength with CVD risk factors. The results attenuated slightly but not substantially across diabetes groups.

Conclusions

Our study showed that higher frequency and strength of spicy foods intake were associated with unfavorable cardiovascular disease risk profile in older people, and such associations did not vary by diabetes status. Whether the results were causal needs to be determined in further studies.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13697-6.