1
|
Czuba LC, Isoherranen N. LX-2 Stellate Cells Are a Model System for Investigating the Regulation of Hepatic Vitamin A Metabolism and Respond to Tumor Necrosis Factor α and Interleukin 1 β. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:442-454. [PMID: 38485281 PMCID: PMC11023816 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.124.001679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major site of vitamin A (retinol) esterification and subsequent storage as retinyl esters within lipid droplets. However, retinyl esters become depleted in many pathophysiological states, including acute and chronic liver injuries. Recently, using a liver slice culture system as a model of acute liver injury and fibrogenesis, a time-dependent increase and decrease in the apparent formation of the bioactive retinoid all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) and retinyl palmitate was measured, respectively. This coincided with temporal changes in the gene expression of retinoid-metabolizing enzymes and binding proteins, that preceded HSC activation. However, the underlying mechanisms that promote early changes in retinoid metabolism remain unresolved. We hypothesized that LX-2 cells could be applied to investigate differences in quiescent and activated HSC retinoid metabolism. We demonstrate that the hypermetabolic state of activated stellate cells relative to quiescent stellate cells may be attributed to induction of STRA6, RBP4, and CYP26A1, thereby reducing intracellular concentrations of atRA. We further hypothesized that paracrine and autocrine cytokine signaling regulates HSC vitamin A metabolism in both quiescent and activated cells. In quiescent cells, tumor necrosis factor α dose-dependently downregulated LRAT and CRBP1 mRNA, with EC50 values of 30-50 pg/mL. Likewise, interleukin-1β decreased LRAT and CRBP1 gene expression but with less potency. In activated stellate cells, multiple enzymes were downregulated, suggesting that the full effects of altered hepatic vitamin A metabolism in chronic conditions require both paracrine and autocrine signaling events. Further, this study suggests the potential for cell type-specific autocrine effects in hepatic retinoid signaling. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: HSCs are the major site of vitamin A storage and important determinants of retinol metabolism during liver fibrogenesis. Here, two LX-2 culture methods were applied as models of hepatic retinoid metabolism to demonstrate the effects of activation status and dose-dependent cytokine exposure on the expression of genes involved in retinoid metabolism. This study suggests that compared to quiescent cells, activated HSCs are hypermetabolic and have reduced apparent formation of retinoic acid, which may alter downstream retinoic acid signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay C Czuba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington School of Pharmacy, Seattle, Washington (L.C.C., N.I.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky (L.C.C.)
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington School of Pharmacy, Seattle, Washington (L.C.C., N.I.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky (L.C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nguyen TTP, Nguyen PL, Park SH, Jung CH, Jeon TI. Hydrogen Sulfide and Liver Health: Insights into Liver Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:122-144. [PMID: 37917113 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a recently recognized gasotransmitter involved in physiological and pathological conditions in mammals. It protects organs from oxidative stress, inflammation, hypertension, and cell death. With abundant expression of H2S-production enzymes, the liver is closely linked to H2S signaling. Recent Advances: Hepatic H2S comes from various sources, including gut microbiota, exogenous sulfur salts, and endogenous production. Recent studies highlight the importance of hepatic H2S in liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver injury, and cancer, particularly at advanced stages. Endogenous H2S production deficiency is associated with severe liver disease, while exogenous H2S donors protect against liver dysfunction. Critical Issues: However, the roles of H2S in NAFLD, liver injury, and liver cancer are still debated, and its effects depend on donor type, dosage, treatment duration, and cell type, suggesting a multifaceted role. This review aimed to critically evaluate H2S production, metabolism, mode of action, and roles in liver function and disease. Future Direction: Understanding H2S's precise roles and mechanisms in liver health will advance potential therapeutic applications in preclinical and clinical research. Targeting H2S-producing enzymes and exogenous H2S sources, alone or in combination with other drugs, could be explored. Quantifying endogenous H2S levels may aid in diagnosing and managing liver diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 122-144.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy T P Nguyen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Phuc L Nguyen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyun Park
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Il Jeon
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang B, Kaufmann B, Mogler C, Zhong S, Yin Y, Cheng Z, Schmid RM, Friess H, Hüser N, von Figura G, Hartmann D. Hepatocellular Brg1 promotes CCl4-induced liver inflammation, ECM accumulation and fibrosis in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294257. [PMID: 38033027 PMCID: PMC10688683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatic fibrosis is a progressive pathological process involving the exhaustion of hepatocellular regenerative capacity and ultimately leading to the development of cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Brg1, the core subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, was recently identified as important for liver regeneration. This study investigates the role of Brg1 in hepatic fibrosis development. METHODS Hepatocyte-specific Brg1 knockout mice were generated and injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks to induce liver fibrosis. Afterwards, liver fibrosis and liver damage were assessed. RESULTS Brg1 expression was significantly increased in the fibrotic liver tissue of wild-type mice, as compared to that of untreated wild-type mice. The livers of the Brg1 knockout animals showed reduced liver inflammation, extracellular matrix accumulation, and liver fibrosis. TNF-α and NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response was reduced in Brg1 knockout animals. CONCLUSION Brg1 promotes the progression of liver fibrosis in mice and may therefore be used as a potential therapeutic target for treating patients with liver fibrosis due to chronic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Wang
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Benedikt Kaufmann
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Suyang Zhong
- Department of Medicine II, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuhan Yin
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhangjun Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- Department of Medicine II, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Hüser
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido von Figura
- Department of Medicine II, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Hartmann
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tilg H, Adolph TE, Tacke F. Therapeutic modulation of the liver immune microenvironment. Hepatology 2023; 78:1581-1601. [PMID: 37057876 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of progressive liver diseases such as chronic viral or immune-mediated hepatitis, alcohol-associated liver disease, and NAFLD. Preclinical and clinical studies have provided robust evidence that cytokines and related cellular stress sensors in innate and adaptive immunity orchestrate hepatic disease processes. Unresolved inflammation and liver injury result in hepatic scarring, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, which may culminate in HCC. Liver diseases are accompanied by gut dysbiosis and a bloom of pathobionts, fueling hepatic inflammation. Anti-inflammatory strategies are extensively used to treat human immune-mediated conditions beyond the liver, while evidence for immunomodulatory therapies and cell therapy-based strategies in liver diseases is only emerging. The development and establishment of novel immunomodulatory therapies for chronic liver diseases has been dampened by several clinical challenges, such as invasive monitoring of therapeutic efficacy with liver biopsy in clinical trials and risk of DILI in several studies. Such aspects prevented advancements of novel medical therapies for chronic inflammatory liver diseases. New concepts modulating the liver immune environment are studied and eagerly awaited to improve the management of chronic liver diseases in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ha NB, Seetharaman S, Kent DS, Yao F, Shui AM, Huang CY, Walston J, Lai JC. Serum and plasma protein biomarkers associated with frailty in patients with cirrhosis. Liver Transpl 2023; 29:1089-1099. [PMID: 36932707 PMCID: PMC10509322 DOI: 10.1097/lvt.0000000000000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Frailty, a clinical phenotype of decreased physiological reserve, is a strong determinant of adverse health outcomes in patients with cirrhosis. The only cirrhosis-specific frailty metric is the Liver Frailty Index (LFI), which must be administered in person and may not be feasible for every clinical scenario. We sought to discover candidate serum/plasma protein biomarkers that could differentiate frail from robust patients with cirrhosis. A total of 140 adults with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation in the ambulatory setting with LFI assessments and available serum/plasma samples were included. We selected 70 pairs of patients on opposite ends of the frailty spectrum (LFI>4.4 for frail and LFI<3.2 for robust) who were matched by age, sex, etiology, HCC, and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium. Twenty-five biomarkers with biologically plausible associations with frailty were analyzed using ELISA by a single laboratory. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine their association with frailty. Of the 25 biomarkers analyzed, we identified 7 proteins that were differentially expressed between frail and robust patients. We observed differences in 6 of the 7 proteins in the expected direction: (a) higher median values in frail versus robust with growth differentiation factor-15 (3682 vs. 2249 pg/mL), IL-6 (17.4 vs. 6.4 pg/mL), TNF-alpha receptor 1 (2062 vs. 1627 pg/mL), leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein (44.0 vs. 38.6 μg/mL), and myostatin (4066 vs. 6006 ng/mL) and (b) lower median values in frail versus robust with alpha-2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein (0.11 vs. 0.13 mg/mL) and free total testosterone (1.2 vs. 2.4 ng/mL). These biomarkers represent inflammatory, musculoskeletal, and endocrine/metabolic systems, reflecting the multiple physiological derangements observed in frailty. These data lay the foundation for confirmatory work and development of a laboratory frailty index for patients with cirrhosis to improve diagnosis and prognostication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nghiem B. Ha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Srilakshmi Seetharaman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dorothea S. Kent
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Frederick Yao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amy M. Shui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chiung-Yu Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, John Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Musale V, Wasserman DH, Kang L. Extracellular matrix remodelling in obesity and metabolic disorders. LIFE METABOLISM 2023; 2:load021. [PMID: 37383542 PMCID: PMC10299575 DOI: 10.1093/lifemeta/load021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Obesity causes extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling which can develop into serious pathology and fibrosis, having metabolic effects in insulin-sensitive tissues. The ECM components may be increased in response to overnutrition. This review will focus on specific obesity-associated molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms of ECM remodelling and the impact of specific interactions on tissue metabolism. In obesity, complex network of signalling molecules such as cytokines and growth factors have been implicated in fibrosis. Increased ECM deposition contributes to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance at least in part through activation of cell surface integrin receptors and CD44 signalling cascades. These cell surface receptors transmit signals to the cell adhesome which orchestrates an intracellular response that adapts to the extracellular environment. Matrix proteins, glycoproteins, and polysaccharides interact through ligand-specific cell surface receptors that interact with the cytosolic adhesion proteins to elicit specific actions. Cell adhesion proteins may have catalytic activity or serve as scaffolds. The vast number of cell surface receptors and the complexity of the cell adhesome have made study of their roles challenging in health and disease. Further complicating the role of ECM-cell receptor interactions is the variation between cell types. This review will focus on recent insights gained from studies of two highly conserved, ubiquitously axes and how they contribute to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. These are the collagen-integrin receptor-IPP (ILK-PINCH-Parvin) axis and the hyaluronan-CD44 interaction. We speculate that targeting ECM components or their receptor-mediated cell signalling may provide novel insights into the treatment of obesity-associated cardiometabolic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Musale
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
| | - David H. Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Li Kang
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao YQ, Deng XW, Xu GQ, Lin J, Lu HZ, Chen J. Mechanical homeostasis imbalance in hepatic stellate cells activation and hepatic fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1183808. [PMID: 37152902 PMCID: PMC10157180 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1183808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease or repeated damage to hepatocytes can give rise to hepatic fibrosis. Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a pathological process of excessive sedimentation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as collagens, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans (PGs) in the hepatic parenchyma. Changes in the composition of the ECM lead to the stiffness of the matrix that destroys its inherent mechanical homeostasis, and a mechanical homeostasis imbalance activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into myofibroblasts, which can overproliferate and secrete large amounts of ECM proteins. Excessive ECM proteins are gradually deposited in the Disse gap, and matrix regeneration fails, which further leads to changes in ECM components and an increase in stiffness, forming a vicious cycle. These processes promote the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis. In this review, the dynamic process of ECM remodeling of HF and the activation of HSCs into mechanotransduction signaling pathways for myofibroblasts to participate in HF are discussed. These mechanotransduction signaling pathways may have potential therapeutic targets for repairing or reversing fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Quan Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xi-Wen Deng
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Guo-Qi Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Hua-Ze Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun D, Dai T, Ji Y, Shen W, Bian W. COL11A1-driven positive feedback loop modulates fibroblast transformation and activates pancreatic cancer progression. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:1081-1091. [PMID: 36861686 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most common leading causes of cancer death. The cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) aggravate the malignant behavior of PDAC. However, it is still unknown how PDAC induces normal fibroblasts (NFs) to CAFs. In present research, we found that PDAC-derived collagen type XI alpha 1 (COL11A1) promoted the conversion of NFs to CAF-like cells. It included morphological and corresponding molecular marker changes. Activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway was involved in this process. Corresponding, CAFs cells could secrete interleukin 6 (IL-6), which promoted the invasion and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of PDAC cells. Furthermore, IL-6 promoted the expression of transcription factor Activating Transcription Factor 4 by activating the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway. The latter directly promotes the expression of COL11A1. This way, a feedback loop of mutual influence was constructed between PDAC and CAFs. Our research proposed a novel concept for PDAC-educated NFs. PDAC-COL11A1-fibroblast-IL-6-PDAC axis might contribute to the cascade between PDAC and TME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Wuxi 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary, Wuxi Clinical College, Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tu Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Wuxi 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary, Wuxi Clinical College, Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Wuxi 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary, Wuxi Clinical College, Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibo Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Wuxi 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary, Wuxi Clinical College, Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuyang Bian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Wuxi 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary, Wuxi Clinical College, Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Martinez-Castillo M, Altamirano-Mendoza I, Sánchez-Valle S, García-Islas L, Sánchez-Barragán M, Hernández-Santillán M, Hernández-Barragán A, Pérez-Hernández J, Higuera-de la Tijera F, Gutierrez-Reyes G. Immune dysregulation and pathophysiology of alcohol consumption and alcoholic liver disease. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO (ENGLISH EDITION) 2023; 88:136-154. [PMID: 36973122 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a clinical-pathologic entity caused by the chronic excessive consumption of alcohol. The disease includes a broad spectrum of anomalies at the cellular and tissual level that can cause acute-on-chronic (alcoholic hepatitis) or chronic (fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular cancer) injury, having a great impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide. Alcohol is metabolized mainly in the liver. During alcohol metabolism, toxic metabolites, such as acetaldehyde and oxygen reactive species, are produced. At the intestinal level, alcohol consumption can cause dysbiosis and alter intestinal permeability, promoting the translocation of bacterial products and causing the production of inflammatory cytokines in the liver, perpetuating local inflammation during the progression of ALD. Different study groups have reported systemic inflammatory response disturbances, but reports containing a compendium of the cytokines and cells involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, from the early stages, are difficult to find. In the present review article, the role of the inflammatory mediators involved in ALD progression are described, from risky patterns of alcohol consumption to advanced stages of the disease, with the aim of understanding the involvement of immune dysregulation in the pathophysiology of ALD.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim KE, Lee J, Shin HJ, Jeong EA, Jang HM, Ahn YJ, An HS, Lee JY, Shin MC, Kim SK, Yoo WG, Kim WH, Roh GS. Lipocalin-2 activates hepatic stellate cells and promotes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in high-fat diet-fed Ob/Ob mice. Hepatology 2023; 77:888-901. [PMID: 35560370 PMCID: PMC9936980 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, leptin promotes insulin resistance and contributes to the progression of NASH via activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). However, the pathogenic mechanisms that trigger HSC activation in leptin-deficient obesity are still unknown. This study aimed to determine how HSC-targeting lipocalin-2 (LCN2) mediates the transition from simple steatosis to NASH. APPROACH AND RESULTS Male wild-type (WT) and ob/ob mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks to establish an animal model of NASH with fibrosis. Ob/ob mice were subject to caloric restriction or recombinant leptin treatment. Double knockout (DKO) mice lacking both leptin and lcn2 were also fed an HFD for 20 weeks. In addition, HFD-fed ob/ob mice were treated with gadolinium trichloride to deplete Kupffer cells. The LX-2 human HSCs and primary HSCs from ob/ob mice were used to investigate the effects of LCN2 on HSC activation. Serum and hepatic LCN2 expression levels were prominently increased in HFD-fed ob/ob mice compared with normal diet-fed ob/ob mice or HFD-fed WT mice, and these changes were closely linked to liver fibrosis and increased hepatic α-SMA/matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein levels. HFD-fed DKO mice showed a marked reduction of α-SMA protein compared with HFD-fed ob/ob mice. In particular, the colocalization of LCN2 and α-SMA was increased in HSCs from HFD-fed ob/ob mice. In primary HSCs from ob/ob mice, exogenous LCN2 treatment induced HSC activation and MMP9 secretion. By contrast, LCN2 receptor 24p3R deficiency or a STAT3 inhibitor reduced the activation and migration of primary HSCs. CONCLUSIONS LCN2 acts as a key mediator of HSC activation in leptin-deficient obesity via α-SMA/MMP9/STAT3 signaling, thereby exacerbating NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science , College of Medicine , Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science , College of Medicine , Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science , College of Medicine , Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ae Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science , College of Medicine , Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Min Jang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science , College of Medicine , Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Ahn
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science , College of Medicine , Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Seok An
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science , College of Medicine , Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Youl Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science , College of Medicine , Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea
| | - Meong Cheol Shin
- College of Pharmacy , Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine , College of Medicine , Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea
| | - Won Gi Yoo
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine , College of Medicine , Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ho Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases , Center for Biomedical Sciences , Korea National Institute of Health , Cheongju , Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science , College of Medicine , Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Renal clear cell carcinoma-derived CXCL5 drives tumor-associated fibroblast formation and facilitates cancer progression. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 244:154319. [PMID: 36889175 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC, ccRCC) is one of the most common and aggressive subtypes of urinary system cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) exacerbate the malignant phenotype of KIRC. It is necessary to explore further how KIRC induces normal fibroblasts (NFs) into CAFs. METHODS The transcriptome data of KIRC was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the hub-genes and their corresponding functions in the co-expression module were obtained through differential analysis, enrichment analysis, and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) analysis. RT-PCR, western-blot, and Elisa assays were used to detect the expression of CXCL5 (C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5) in KIRC cells and medium. Western-blot and immunofluorescence were used to demonstrate the transformation of NFs to CAF-like cells and relevant pathways. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) were seeded within collagen gel to represent the neo-vascular network. Transwell, scrape, colony formation, and CCK-8 assays were performed to reveal the feedback effect of KIRC cells. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis showed that CXCL5 was a core gene in differential expression genes (DEGs) and was associated with extracellular matrix (ECM), which was associated with CAFs. KIRC-derived CXCL5 promoted the conversion of NFs to CAF-like cells. It included morphological and corresponding molecular marker changes. Activation of the JAK/STAT3 pathway was involved in this process. Corresponding, CAFs cells could secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which induced angiogenesis. CXCL5 promoted KIRC invasion and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our research suggested that KIRC-derived CXCL5 could induce NFs to become CAFs-like cells that promote angiogenesis in the TME. The positive feedback of CXCL5 promoted its own invasive growth. The intercellular communication with CXCL5 as the core might be the critical node in the occurrence and development of KIRC.
Collapse
|
12
|
The Tumor Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Untying an Intricate Immunological Network. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246151. [PMID: 36551635 PMCID: PMC9776867 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HCC, the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, is prototypically an inflammation-driven cancer developing after years of inflammatory insults. Consequently, the hepatic microenvironment is a site of complex immunological activities. Moreover, the tolerogenic nature of the liver can act as a barrier to anti-tumor immunity, fostering cancer progression and resistance to immunotherapies based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICB). In addition to being a site of primary carcinogenesis, many cancer types have high tropism for the liver, and patients diagnosed with liver metastasis have a dismal prognosis. Therefore, understanding the immunological networks characterizing the tumor microenvironment (TME) of HCC will deepen our understanding of liver immunity, and it will underpin the dominant mechanisms controlling both spontaneous and therapy-induced anti-tumor immune responses. Herein, we discuss the contributions of the cellular and molecular components of the liver immune contexture during HCC onset and progression by underscoring how the balance between antagonistic immune responses can recast the properties of the TME and the response to ICB.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao Q, Bai J, Chen Y, Liu X, Zhao S, Ling G, Jia S, Zhai F, Xiang R. An optimized herbal combination for the treatment of liver fibrosis: Hub genes, bioactive ingredients, and molecular mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115567. [PMID: 35870684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease that can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it is associated with long-term adverse outcomes and mortality. As a primary resource for complementary and alternative medicine, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has accumulated a large number of effective formulas for the treatment of liver fibrosis in clinical practice. However, studies on how to systematically optimize TCM formulas are still lacking. AIM OF THE REVIEW To provide a methodological reference for the systematic optimization of TCM formulae against liver fibrosis and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms; To provide an efficient method for searching for lead compounds from natural sources and developing from herbal medicines; To enable clinicians and patients to make more reasonable choices and promote the effective treatment toward those patients with liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS TCM formulas related to treating liver fibrosis were collected from the Web of Science, PubMed, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang, and the Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP). Furthermore, the TCM compatibility patterns were mined using association analysis. The core TCM combinations were found by designing an optimized formulas algorithm. Finally, the hub target proteins, potential molecular mechanisms, and active compounds were explored through integrative pharmacology and docking-based inverse virtual screening (IVS) approaches. RESULTS We found that the herbs for reinforcing deficiency, activating blood, removing blood stasis, and clearing heat were the basis of TCM formulae patterns. Furthermore, the combination of Salviae Miltiorrhizae (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; Chinese salvia/Danshen), Astragali Radix (Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge; Astragalus/Huangqi), and Radix Bupleuri (Bupleurum chinense DC.; Bupleurum/Chaihu) was identified as core groups. A total of six targets (TNF, STAT3, EGFR, IL2, ICAM1, PTGS2) play a pivotal role in TCM-mediated liver fibrosis inhibition. (-)-Cryptotanshinone, Tanshinaldehyde, Ononin, Thymol, Daidzein, and Formononetin were identified as active compounds in TCM. And mechanistically, TCM could affect the development of liver fibrosis by regulating inflammation, immunity, angiogenesis, antioxidants, and involvement in TNF, MicroRNAs, Jak-STAT, NF-kappa B, and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) signaling pathways. Molecular docking results showed that key components had good potential to bind to the target genes. CONCLUSION In summary, this study provides a methodological reference for the systematic optimization of TCM formulae and exploration of underlying molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Jinwei Bai
- School of Medical Equipment, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yiwei Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Shangfeng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Guixia Ling
- School of Medical Equipment, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Shubing Jia
- Faculty of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Fei Zhai
- School of Medical Equipment, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Rongwu Xiang
- School of Medical Equipment, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Liaoning Professional Technology Innovation Center on Medical Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lei S, Zhao S, Huang X, Feng Y, Li Z, Chen L, Huang P, Guan H, Zhang H, Wu Q, Chen B. Chaihu Shugan powder alleviates liver inflammation and hepatic steatosis in NAFLD mice: A network pharmacology study and in vivo experimental validation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:967623. [PMID: 36172180 PMCID: PMC9512055 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.967623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common metabolic disease and is intertwined with cardiovascular disorders and diabetes. Chaihu Shugan powder (CSP) is a traditional Chinese medicine with a significant therapeutic effect on metabolic diseases, such as NAFLD. However, its pharmacological mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Methods: The main compounds of CSP were measured using LC-MS/MS. A network pharmacology study was conducted on CSP. Its potential active ingredients were selected according to oral bioavailability, drug similarity indices, and phytochemical analysis. After obtaining the intersected genes between drug targets and disease-related targets, the component-disease-target network and protein-protein interaction analysis were visualized in Cytoscape. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed using the Metascape database. Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat high-fructose diet for 16 weeks plus chronic immobilization stress for 2 weeks, an in vivo model, were administered CSP or saline intragastrically. Liver histology, triglyceride and cholesterol levels, ELISA, and RT-PCR were used to assess hepatic inflammation and steatosis. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were performed to assess protein levels. Results: A total of 130 potential target genes in CSP that act on NAFLD were identified through network pharmacology assays, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG). KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways were involved in inflammatory pathways, such as the TNF and NF-κB signaling pathways, and metabolism-related pathways, such as the MAPK, HIF-1, FoxO, and AMPK signaling pathways. The results in vivo showed that CSP ameliorated liver inflammation and inhibited hepatic fatty acid synthesis in the hepatocyte steatosis model. More specifically, CSP therapy significantly inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), accompanied by a decrease in TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and the ligand availability of TNFR1. Conclusion: Through the combination of network pharmacology and in vivo validation, this study elucidated the therapeutic effect of CSP on NAFLD, decreasing liver inflammation and inhibiting hepatic fatty acid synthesis. More specifically, the anti-inflammatory action of CSP was at least partially mediated by inhibiting the TNFα/TNFR1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Lei
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchao Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhishang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiying Huang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hansu Guan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haobo Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihua Wu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bojun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bojun Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cytokine-driven positive feedback loop organizes fibroblast transformation and facilitates gastric cancer progression. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1354-1364. [PMID: 35303266 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignancy that belongs to one of the most common leading causes of cancer death. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote the GC cells' malignant behavior. It is still unknown how GC converts normal fibroblasts (NFs) to CAFs. METHODS GC cells were co-cultured with NFs. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the genes and signaling pathways that were changed in fibroblast. RT-PCR, western blot, and Elisa assays were used to detect the expression of cytokines in fibroblast and condition medium. Western blot and immunofluorescence demonstrated activation of relevant pathways in CAFs-like cells. Transwell, scrape, colony formation, and CCK-8 assays were performed to reveal the feedback effect of CAFs-like cells on GC cells. RESULTS GC promoted the conversion of NFs to CAFs by secreting Interleukin 17A (IL-17). It included both morphological and molecular marker changes. This process was achieved by activating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. On the other hand, CAFs cells could secrete C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 (IL-8, IL-8), which promoted the malignant phenotype of GC cells. In this way, a feedback loop of mutual influence was constructed in the GC and tumor microenvironment (TME). CONCLUSIONS Our research proved a novel model of GC-educated NFs. GC-IL-17-fibroblast-IL-8-GC axis might be a potential pathway of the interaction between GC and TME.
Collapse
|
16
|
El Kasmi KC, Anderson AL, Devereaux MW, Balasubramaniyan N, Suchy FJ, Orlicky DJ, Shearn CT, Sokol RJ. Interrupting tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling prevents parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in mice. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2022; 46:1096-1106. [PMID: 34664730 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently reported a mouse model of PN-associated cholestasis (PNAC) in which combining intestinal inflammation and PN infusion results in cholestasis, hepatic macrophage activation, and transcriptional suppression of canalicular bile acid, bilirubin and sterol transporters Abcb11, Abcc2 and Abcg5/8. The aim of this study was to examine the role of TNFα in promoting PNAC in mice. METHODS First, recombinant TNFα was administered to mice as well as in hepatocyte cell culture. Second, Tnfr1/2KO or wild-type (WT) mice were exposed to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 4 days followed by soy-oil lipid emulsion-based PN infusion through a central venous catheter for 14 days (DSS-PN). Finally, WT/DSS-PN mice were also infused with infliximab at 10 mg/kg on days 3 and 10 of PN. PNAC was defined by increased serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bile acids, and bilirubin. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection of TNFα into WT mice or TNFα treatment of Huh7 hepatocarcinoma cells and primary mouse hepatocytes suppressed messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription of bile (Abcb11, Abcc2]) and sterol transporters (Abcg5/8) and their regulators Nr1h3 and Nr1h4. DSS-PN mice with PNAC had increased hepatic TNFα mRNA expression and significant reduction of mRNA expression of Abcb11, Abcc2, Abcg5/8, Nr1h3, and Nr1h4. In contrast, PNAC development was prevented and mRNA expression normalized in both Tnfr1/2KO /DSS-PN mice and DSS-PN mice treated with infliximab. CONCLUSIONS TNFα is a key mediator in the pathogenesis of PNAC through suppression of hepatocyte Abcb11, Abcc2, and Abcg5/8. Pharmacologic targeting of TNFα as a therapeutic strategy for PNAC thus deserves further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim C El Kasmi
- Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Aimee L Anderson
- Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael W Devereaux
- Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Natarajan Balasubramaniyan
- Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Frederick J Suchy
- Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Colin T Shearn
- Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ronald J Sokol
- Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tsai YT, Li CY, Huang YH, Chang TS, Lin CY, Chuang CH, Wang CY, Anuraga G, Chang TH, Shih TC, Lin ZY, Chen YL, Chung I, Lee KH, Chang CC, Sung SY, Yang KH, Tsui WL, Yap CV, Wu MH. Galectin-1 orchestrates an inflammatory tumor-stroma crosstalk in hepatoma by enhancing TNFR1 protein stability and signaling in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. Oncogene 2022; 41:3011-3023. [PMID: 35459781 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Most cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arise with the fibrotic microenvironment where hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical components in HCC progression. Therefore, CAF normalization could be a feasible therapy for HCC. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, is critical for HSC activation and liver fibrosis. However, few studies has evaluated the pathological role of Gal-1 in HCC stroma and its role in hepatic CAF is unclear. Here we showed that Gal-1 mainly expressed in HCC stroma, but not cancer cells. High expression of Gal-1 is correlated with CAF markers and poor prognoses of HCC patients. In co-culture systems, targeting Gal-1 in CAFs or HSCs, using small hairpin (sh)RNAs or an therapeutic inhibitor (LLS30), downregulated plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) production which suppressed cancer stem-like cell properties and invasion ability of HCC in a paracrine manner. The Gal-1-targeting effect was mediated by increased a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17)-dependent TNF-receptor 1 (TNFR1) shedding/cleavage which inhibited the TNF-α → JNK → c-Jun/ATF2 signaling axis of pro-inflammatory gene transcription. Silencing Gal-1 in CAFs inhibited CAF-augmented HCC progression and reprogrammed the CAF-mediated inflammatory responses in a co-injection xenograft model. Taken together, the findings uncover a crucial role of Gal-1 in CAFs that orchestrates an inflammatory CSC niche supporting HCC progression and demonstrate that targeting Gal-1 could be a potential therapy for fibrosis-related HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Tsung Tsai
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Li
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Chang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yen Lin
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gangga Anuraga
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chieh Shih
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Zu-Yau Lin
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ling Chen
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ivy Chung
- Universiti Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kuen-Haur Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chang Chang
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Ying Sung
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Huei Yang
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lin Tsui
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Voon Yap
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Heng Wu
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Baghaei K, Mazhari S, Tokhanbigli S, Parsamanesh G, Alavifard H, Schaafsma D, Ghavami S. Therapeutic potential of targeting regulatory mechanisms of hepatic stellate cell activation in liver fibrosis. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:1044-1061. [PMID: 34952225 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a manifestation of different etiologies of liver disease with the involvement of multiple mediators in complex network interactions. Activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) are the central driver of hepatic fibrosis, given their potential to induce connective tissue formation and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein accumulation. Therefore, identifying the cellular and molecular pathways involved in the activation of HSCs is crucial in gaining mechanistic and therapeutic perspectives to more effectively target the disease. In addition to a comprehensive summary of our current understanding of the role of HSCs in liver fibrosis, we also discuss here the proposed therapeutic strategies based on targeting HSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran
| | - Sogol Mazhari
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran
| | - Samaneh Tokhanbigli
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran
| | - Gilda Parsamanesh
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran
| | - Helia Alavifard
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhu H, Zhao H, Xu S, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Li J, Huang C, Ma T. Sennoside A alleviates inflammatory responses by inhibiting the hypermethylation of SOCS1 in CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105926. [PMID: 34619344 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the consequence of chronic liver injury and is a major challenge to global health. However, successful therapy for liver fibrosis is still lacking. Sennoside A (SA), a commonly used clinical stimulant laxative, is reported to improve hepatic disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here, we show for the first time that SA enhanced suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) expression in a DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)-dependent manner and thereby attenuated liver fibrosis. Consistently, SA inhibited the expression of the liver fibrogenesis markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type I collagen alpha-1 (Col1α1) and suppressed inflammatory responses in vivo and in vitro. Coculture experiments with macrophages/hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) revealed that SA suppressed HSC proliferation by downregulating proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Mechanically, SA promoted the aberrant expression of SOCS1 in liver fibrosis. However, blocking SOCS1 expression weakened the inhibitory effect of SA on HSC proliferation, indicating that SOCS1 may play an important role in mediating the antifibrotic effect of SA. Furthermore, SA inhibited DNMT1-mediated SOCS1 and reduced HSC proliferation by inhibiting inflammatory responses in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) -induced liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Huizi Zhao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Songbing Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuhao Ding
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Taotao Ma
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Quenum AJI, Shukla A, Rexhepi F, Cloutier M, Ghosh A, Kufer TA, Ramanathan S, Ilangumaran S. NLRC5 Deficiency Deregulates Hepatic Inflammatory Response but Does Not Aggravate Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:749646. [PMID: 34712238 PMCID: PMC8546206 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor (NLR) family protein-5 (NLRC5) controls NF-κB activation and production of inflammatory cytokines in certain cell types. NLRC5 is considered a potential regulator of hepatic fibrogenic response due to its ability to inhibit hepatic stellate activation in vitro. To test whether NLRC5 is critical to control liver fibrosis, we treated wildtype and NLRC5-deficient mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and assessed pathological changes in the liver. Serum alanine transaminase levels and histopathology examination of liver sections revealed that NLRC5 deficiency did not exacerbate CCl4-induced liver damage or inflammatory cell infiltration. Sirius red staining of collagen fibers and hydroxyproline content showed comparable levels of liver fibrosis in CCl4-treated NLRC5-deficient and control mice. Myofibroblast differentiation and induction of collagen genes were similarly increased in both groups. Strikingly, the fibrotic livers of NLRC5-deficient mice showed reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (Mmp3) and tissue inhibitor of MMPs-1 (Timp1) but not Mmp2 or Timp2. Fibrotic livers of NLRC5-deficient mice had increased expression of TNF but similar induction of TGFβ compared to wildtype mice. CCl4-treated control and NLRC5-deficient mice displayed similar upregulation of Cx3cr1, a monocyte chemoattractant receptor gene, and the Cd68 macrophage marker. However, the fibrotic livers of NLRC5-deficient mice showed increased expression of F4/80 (Adgre1), a marker of tissue-resident macrophages. NLRC5-deficient livers showed increased phosphorylation of the NF-κB subunit p65 that remained elevated following fibrosis induction. Taken together, NLRC5 deficiency deregulates hepatic inflammatory response following chemical injury but does not significantly aggravate the fibrogenic response, showing that NLRC5 is not a critical regulator of liver fibrosis pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akouavi Julite I. Quenum
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Akhil Shukla
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Fjolla Rexhepi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Maryse Cloutier
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Thomas A. Kufer
- Department of Immunology (180b), Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CR-CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CR-CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sánchez PS, Rigual MDM, Djouder N. Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Mechanisms Controlling Cirrhosis Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205045. [PMID: 34680192 PMCID: PMC8534267 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The liver is continuously exposed to several harmful factors, subsequently activating sophisticated mechanisms set-up in order to repair and regenerate the damaged liver and hence to prevent its failure. When the injury becomes chronic, the regenerative response becomes perpetual and goes awry, leading to cirrhosis with a fatal liver dysfunction. Cirrhosis is a well-known risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common, usually lethal, human primary liver neoplasm with very limited therapeutic options. Considering the pivotal role of immune factors in the development of cirrhosis, here we review and discuss the inflammatory pathways and components implicated in the development of cirrhosis. A better understanding of these circuits would help the design of novel strategies to prevent and treat cirrhosis and HCC, two lethal diseases. Abstract Because the liver is considered to be one of the most important metabolic organs in the body, it is continuously exposed to damaging environmental agents. Upon damage, several complex cellular and molecular mechanisms in charge of liver recovery and regeneration are activated to prevent the failure of the organ. When liver injury becomes chronic, the regenerative response goes awry and impairs the liver function, consequently leading to cirrhosis, a liver disorder that can cause patient death. Cirrhosis has a disrupted liver architecture and zonation, along with the presence of fibrosis and parenchymal nodules, known as regenerative nodules (RNs). Inflammatory cues contribute to the cirrhotic process in response to chronic damaging agents. Cirrhosis can progress to HCC, the most common and one of the most lethal liver cancers with unmet medical needs. Considering the essential role of inflammatory pathways in the development of cirrhosis, further understanding of the relationship between immune cells and the activation of RNs and fibrosis would guide the design of innovative therapeutic strategies to ameliorate the survival of cirrhotic and HCC patients. In this review, we will summarize the inflammatory mechanisms implicated in the development of cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nabil Djouder
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-3-491-732-8000 (ext. 3830); Fax: +34-3-491-224-6914
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Barrow F, Khan S, Wang H, Revelo XS. The Emerging Role of B Cells in the Pathogenesis of NAFLD. Hepatology 2021; 74:2277-2286. [PMID: 33961302 PMCID: PMC8463421 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NAFLD is one of the leading causes of abnormal liver function worldwide. NAFLD refers to a group of liver conditions ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver to NASH, which involves inflammation, hepatocellular damage, and fibrosis. Triggering of inflammation in NASH is a key event in the progression of the disease, and identifying the factors that initiate or dysregulate this process is needed to develop strategies for its prevention or treatment. B cells have been implicated in several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, their role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH is less clear. This review discusses the emerging evidence implicating intrahepatic B cells in the progression of NAFLD. We highlight the potential mechanisms of B-cell activation during NAFLD, such as increased hepatic expression of B-cell-activating factor, augmented oxidative stress, and translocation of gut-derived microbial products. We discuss the possible effector functions by which B cells promote NAFLD, including the production of proinflammatory cytokines and regulation of intrahepatic T cells and macrophages. Finally, we highlight the role of regulatory and IgA+ B cells in the pathogenesis of NASH-associated HCC. In this review, we make the case that future research is needed to investigate the potential of B-cell-targeting strategies for the treatment of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanta Barrow
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
| | - Saad Khan
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Haiguang Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
| | - Xavier S. Revelo
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN,Center for ImmunologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Al-Salihi M, Bornikoel A, Zhuang Y, Stachura P, Scheller J, Lang KS, Lang PA. The role of ADAM17 during liver damage. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1115-1128. [PMID: 34192832 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17 is a membrane bound protease, involved in the cleavage and thus regulation of various membrane proteins, which are critical during liver injury. Among ADAM17 substrates are tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2 (TNFR1, TNFR2), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands amphiregulin (AR) and heparin-binding-EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) and the receptor for a hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), c-Met. TNFα and its binding receptors can promote liver injury by inducing apoptosis and necroptosis in liver cells. Consistently, hepatocyte specific deletion of ADAM17 resulted in increased liver cell damage following CD95 stimulation. IL-6 trans-signaling is critical for liver regeneration and can alleviate liver damage. EGFR ligands can prevent liver damage and deletion of amphiregulin and HB-EGF can result in increased hepatocyte death and reduced proliferation. All of which indicates that ADAM17 has a central role in liver injury and recovery from it. Furthermore, inactive rhomboid proteins (iRhom) are involved in the trafficking and maturation of ADAM17 and have been linked to liver damage. Taken together, ADAM17 can contribute in a complex way to liver damage and injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazin Al-Salihi
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Anna Bornikoel
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pawel Stachura
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gubernatorova EO, Polinova AI, Petropavlovskiy MM, Namakanova OA, Medvedovskaya AD, Zvartsev RV, Telegin GB, Drutskaya MS, Nedospasov SA. Dual Role of TNF and LTα in Carcinogenesis as Implicated by Studies in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1775. [PMID: 33917839 PMCID: PMC8068266 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin alpha (LTα) are two related cytokines from the TNF superfamily, yet they mediate their functions in soluble and membrane-bound forms via overlapping, as well as distinct, molecular pathways. Their genes are encoded within the major histocompatibility complex class III cluster in close proximity to each other. TNF is involved in host defense, maintenance of lymphoid tissues, regulation of cell death and survival, and antiviral and antibacterial responses. LTα, known for some time as TNFβ, has pleiotropic functions including control of lymphoid tissue development and homeostasis cross talk between lymphocytes and their environment, as well as lymphoid tissue neogenesis with formation of lymphoid follicles outside the lymph nodes. Along with their homeostatic functions, deregulation of these two cytokines may be associated with initiation and progression of chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge concerning TNF/LTα functions in tumor promotion and suppression, with the focus on the recently uncovered significance of host-microbiota interplay in cancer development that may explain some earlier controversial results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina O. Gubernatorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Almina I. Polinova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail M. Petropavlovskiy
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Namakanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra D. Medvedovskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ruslan V. Zvartsev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgij B. Telegin
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh, RAS), 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Marina S. Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, 354340 Krasnodarsky Krai, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ravan AP, Goudarzi F, Rafieemehr H, Bahmani M, Rad F, Jafari M, Mahmoodi M. Human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium attenuates CCl 4 induced chronic liver fibrosis. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1590849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Pouyandeh Ravan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farjam Goudarzi
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hassan Rafieemehr
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Bahmani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Fariba Rad
- Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jafari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mahmoodi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Maciel PS, Gonçalves R, Antonelli LRDV, Fonseca CT. Schistosoma mansoni Infection Is Impacted by Malnutrition. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:635843. [PMID: 33815321 PMCID: PMC8017134 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.635843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains one of the most important neglected tropical diseases in the world. It mainly affects developing countries, where it often coexists with malnutrition. Despite this, few studies have investigated the relationship between schistosomiasis and malnutrition. Herein, we evaluate the impact of malnutrition on experimental S. mansoni infection. Mice were divided into 5 groups: Control (Ctrl) diet (14% protein and 10% lipids), low-protein 3% (LP 3%), low-protein 8% (LP 8%), low-fat 2.5% (LF 2.5%), and low-fat 5% (LF 5%). Mice were fed with their respective diets and were infected when a difference of approximately 20% in the body weight between mice from any experimental group and mice from the control group was achieved. Nutritional, parasitological, and immunological parameters were assessed either just before infection and/or approximately 50 days later before mice were perfused. Our results showed that the 3% low-protein diet was the only one capable of establishing malnutrition in mice. Mice fed with this diet showed: (i) significant reduction in body weight and serum albumin levels before infection, (ii) decreased levels of all biochemical parameters evaluated before perfusion, (iii) decreased numbers of schistosome eggs trapped in intestines and impaired parasite fecundity, (iv) a delay in the granuloma development with a smaller granuloma area, and (v) reduced levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in the liver. Our findings demonstrate that low protein supply leads to malnutrition in mice and impacts the cytokine milieu in the liver and granuloma formation. Additionally, the establishment of our murine malnutrition model will enable future studies aiming to better understand the complex relationships between nutrition, immune responses, and infection outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poliane Silva Maciel
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Biologia de Monócitos e Macrófagos, Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lis Ribeiro do Valle Antonelli
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristina Toscano Fonseca
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Complexation with Random Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin and (2-Hidroxypropyl)-β-Cyclodextrin Enhances In Vivo Anti-Fibrotic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Chrysin via the Inhibition of NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathways and Modulation of Hepatic Pro/Anti-Fibrotic miRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041869. [PMID: 33668543 PMCID: PMC7917810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysin (CHR) is a natural flavonoid with a wide range of pharmacological activities, including hepatoprotection, but poor water solubility. By including water-soluble hydroxypropyl (HPBCD) and randomly methylated (RAMEB) β-cyclodextrin, we aimed to increase its biodisponibility and the effectiveness of the antifibrotic effects of chrysin at oral administration. Liver fibrosis in mice was induced in 7 weeks by CCl4 i.p. administration, and afterwards treated with 50 mg/kg of CHR-HPBCD, CHR-RAMEB, and free chrysin. CCl4 administration increased hepatic inflammation (which was augmented by the upregulation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and induced fibrosis, as determined using histopathology and electron microscopy. These results were also confirmed by the upregulation of Collagen I (Col I) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, which led to extracellular fibrotic matrix proliferation. Moreover, the immunopositivity of alpha-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) in the CCl4 group was evidence of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. The main profibrotic pathway was activated, as confirmed by an increase in the transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF-β1) and Smad 2/3 expression, while Smad 7 expression was decreased. Treatment with CHR–HPBCD and CHR–RAMEB considerably reduced liver injury, attenuated inflammation, and decreased extracellular liver collagen deposits. CHR–RAMEB was determined to be the most active antifibrotic complex. We conclude that both nanocomplexes exert anti-inflammatory effects and antifibrotic effects in a considerably stronger manner than for free chrysin administration.
Collapse
|
28
|
Dawood RM, El-Meguid MA, Salum GM, El Awady MK. Key Players of Hepatic Fibrosis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:472-489. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2020.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reham M. Dawood
- Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai A. El-Meguid
- Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ghada Maher Salum
- Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa K. El Awady
- Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hodges JK, Sasaki GY, Bruno RS. Anti-inflammatory activities of green tea catechins along the gut-liver axis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: lessons learned from preclinical and human studies. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 85:108478. [PMID: 32801031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the most prevalent hepatic disorder worldwide, affecting 25% of the general population, describes a spectrum of progressive liver conditions ranging from relatively benign liver steatosis and advancing to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Hallmark features of NASH are fatty hepatocytes and inflammatory cell infiltrates in association with increased activation of hepatic nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) that exacerbates liver injury. Because no pharmacological treatments exist for NAFLD, emphasis has been placed on dietary approaches to manage NASH risk. Anti-inflammatory bioactivities of catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) have been well-studied, especially in preclinical models that have detailed its effects on inflammatory responses downstream of NFκB activation. This review will therefore discuss the experimental evidence that has advanced an understanding of the mechanisms by which GTE, either directly through its catechins or potentially indirectly through microbiota-derived metabolites, limits NFκB activation and NASH-associated liver injury. Specifically, it will describe the hepatic-level benefits of GTE that attenuate intracellular redox distress and pro-inflammatory signaling from extracellular receptors that otherwise activate NFκB. In addition, it will discuss the anti-inflammatory activities of GTE on gut barrier function as well as prebiotic and antimicrobial effects on gut microbial ecology that help to limit the translocation of gut-derived endotoxins (e.g. lipopolysaccharides) to the liver where they otherwise upregulate NFκB activation by Toll-like receptor-4 signaling. This summary is therefore expected to advance research translation of the hepatic- and intestinal-level benefits of GTE and its catechins to help manage NAFLD-associated morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Hodges
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Geoffrey Y Sasaki
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Chronic liver injury due to viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and metabolic disorders is a worldwide health concern. Insufficient treatment of chronic liver injury leads to fibrosis, causing liver dysfunction and carcinogenesis. Most cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develop in the fibrotic liver. Pathological features of liver fibrosis include extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, mesenchymal cell activation, immune deregulation, and angiogenesis, all of which contribute to the precancerous environment, supporting tumor development. Among liver cells, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and macrophages play critical roles in fibrosis and HCC. These two cell types interplay and remodel the ECM and immune microenvironment in the fibrotic liver. Once HCC develops, HCC-derived factors influence HSCs and macrophages to switch to protumorigenic cell populations, cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages, respectively. This review aims to summarize currently available data on the roles of HSCs and macrophages in liver fibrosis and HCC, with a focus on their interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michitaka Matsuda
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sinkala E, Vinikoor M, Miyanda Siyunda A, Zyambo K, Besa E, Nsokolo B, Wandeler G, Foster GR, Kelly P. Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis in Zambian adults is characterized by increased liver stiffness: A nested case-control study. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04534. [PMID: 32760834 PMCID: PMC7393539 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis commonly complicates portal hypertension worldwide but in Zambia hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS) dominates as the cause of portal hypertension. We need easier and non-invasive ways to assess HSS. Transient elastography (TE), a measure of liver stiffness can diagnose liver cirrhosis. TE remains unexplored in HSS patients, who generally have normal liver parenchyma. We aimed to explore liver stiffness in HSS. This nested case control study was conducted at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia between January 2015 and January 2016. We enrolled 48 adults with HSS and 22 healthy controls. We assessed liver stiffness using TE while plasma hyaluronan was used to assess liver fibrosis. Plasma tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14) were used to assess inflammation. The median (interquartile range) liver stiffness was higher in patients, 9.5 kPa (7.8, 12.8) than in controls, 4.7 kPa (4.0, 5.4), P < 0.0001. We noted linear correlations of hyaluronan and TNFR1 with the liver stiffness, P = 0.0307 and P = 0.0003 respectively. HSS patients seem to have higher liver stiffness than healthy controls. TE may be useful in identifying fibrosis in HSS. The positive correlations of inflammatory markers with TE suggest that HSS has both periportal and parenchymal pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edford Sinkala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia,Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutritional Group, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia,Corresponding author.
| | - Michael Vinikoor
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA,Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Kanekwa Zyambo
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutritional Group, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ellen Besa
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutritional Group, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bright Nsokolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia,Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutritional Group, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Gilles Wandeler
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland,Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Graham R. Foster
- Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul Kelly
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia,Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutritional Group, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia,Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Melissari MT, Chalkidi N, Sarris ME, Koliaraki V. Fibroblast Reprogramming in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:630. [PMID: 32760726 PMCID: PMC7373725 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are a significant cause of cancer mortality worldwide and have been strongly linked with chronic inflammation. Current therapies focus on epithelial/cancer cells; however, the importance of the tumor microenvironment in the development and treatment of the disease is also now well established. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment, and are actively participating in tumor initiation, promotion and metastasis. They structurally and functionally affect cancer cell proliferation, tumor immunity, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and metastasis through a variety of signaling pathways. CAFs originate predominantly from resident mesenchymal cells, which are activated and reprogrammed in response to cues from cancer cells. In recent years, chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract has also proven an important driver of mesenchymal cell activation and subsequent CAF development, which in turn are capable of regulating the transition from acute to chronic inflammation and cancer. In this review, we will provide a concise overview of the mechanisms that drive fibroblast reprogramming in cancer and the recent advances on the downstream signaling pathways that regulate the functional properties of the activated mesenchyme. This new mechanistic insight could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies and better prognosis for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Theodora Melissari
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Niki Chalkidi
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Michalis E Sarris
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Koliaraki
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Matsuda M, Seki E. The liver fibrosis niche: Novel insights into the interplay between fibrosis-composing mesenchymal cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, and extracellular matrix. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111556. [PMID: 32640349 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a hepatic wound-healing response caused by chronic liver diseases that include viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and cholestatic liver disease. Liver fibrosis eventually progresses to cirrhosis that is histologically characterized by an abnormal liver architecture that includes distortion of liver parenchyma, formation of regenerative nodules, and a massive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Despite intensive investigations into the underlying mechanisms of liver fibrosis, developments of anti-fibrotic therapies for liver fibrosis are still unsatisfactory. Recent novel experimental approaches, such as single-cell RNA sequencing and proteomics, have revealed the heterogeneity of ECM-producing cells (mesenchymal cells) and ECM-regulating cells (immune cells and endothelial cells). These approaches have accelerated the identification of fibrosis-specific subpopulations among these cell types. The ECM also consists of heterogenous components. Their production, degradation, deposition, and remodeling are dynamically regulated in liver fibrosis, further affecting the functions of cells responsible for fibrosis. These cellular and ECM elements cooperatively form a unique microenvironment: a fibrotic niche. Understanding the complex interplay between these elements could lead to a better understanding of underlying fibrosis mechanisms and to the development of effective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michitaka Matsuda
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Katsarou A, Moustakas II, Pyrina I, Lembessis P, Koutsilieris M, Chatzigeorgiou A. Metabolic inflammation as an instigator of fibrosis during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1993-2011. [PMID: 32536770 PMCID: PMC7267690 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i17.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive storage of fatty acids in the form of triglycerides in hepatocytes. It is most prevalent in western countries and includes a wide range of clinical and histopathological findings, namely from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis, which may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. The key event for the transition from steatosis to fibrosis is the activation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (qHSC) and their differentiation to myofibroblasts. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), expressed by a plethora of immune cells, serve as essential components of the innate immune system whose function is to stimulate phagocytosis and mediate inflammation upon binding to them of various molecules released from damaged, apoptotic and necrotic cells. The activation of PRRs on hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, the resident macrophages of the liver, and other immune cells results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as profibrotic factors in the liver microenvironment leading to qHSC activation and subsequent fibrogenesis. Thus, elucidation of the inflammatory pathways associated with the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD may lead to a better understanding of its pathophysiology and new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Katsarou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
- 251 Hellenic Airforce General Hospital, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Ioannis I Moustakas
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Iryna Pyrina
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Lembessis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wandrer F, Liebig S, Marhenke S, Vogel A, John K, Manns MP, Teufel A, Itzel T, Longerich T, Maier O, Fischer R, Kontermann RE, Pfizenmaier K, Schulze-Osthoff K, Bantel H. TNF-Receptor-1 inhibition reduces liver steatosis, hepatocellular injury and fibrosis in NAFLD mice. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:212. [PMID: 32235829 PMCID: PMC7109108 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) shows an increasing prevalence and is associated with the development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis as the major risk factors of liver-related mortality in this disease. The therapeutic possibilities are limited and restricted to life style intervention, since specific drugs for NAFLD are unavailable so far. TNFα has been implicated as a major pathogenic driver of NAFLD. TNFα-mediated liver injury occurs mainly via TNF-receptor-1 (TNFR1) signaling, whereas TNFR2 mediates protective pathways. In this study, we analyzed the therapeutic effects of a novel antibody, which selectively inhibits TNFR1 while retaining protective TNFR2 signaling in a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model of NAFLD. Mice were fed with HFD for 32 weeks and treated with anti-TNFR1-antibody or control-antibody for the last 8 weeks. We then investigated the mechanisms of TNFR1 inhibition on liver steatosis, inflammatory liver injury, insulin resistance and fibrosis. Compared to control-antibody treatment, TNFR1 inhibition significantly reduced liver steatosis and triglyceride content, which was accompanied by reduced expression and activation of the transcription factor SREBP1 and downstream target genes of lipogenesis. Furthermore, inhibition of TNFR1 resulted in reduced activation of the MAP kinase MKK7 and its downstream target JNK, which was associated with significant improvement of insulin resistance. Apoptotic liver injury, NAFLD activity and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, as well as liver fibrosis significantly decreased by anti-TNFR1 compared to control-antibody treatment. Thus, our results suggest selective TNFR1 inhibition as a promising approach for NAFLD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wandrer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephanie Liebig
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Marhenke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina John
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Teufel
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Timo Itzel
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Maier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roman Fischer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfizenmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Bantel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhuang Y, Xu HC, Shinde PV, Warfsmann J, Vasilevska J, Sundaram B, Behnke K, Huang J, Hoell JI, Borkhardt A, Pfeffer K, Taha MS, Herebian D, Mayatepek E, Brenner D, Ahmadian MR, Keitel V, Wieczorek D, Häussinger D, Pandyra AA, Lang KS, Lang PA. Fragile X mental retardation protein protects against tumour necrosis factor-mediated cell death and liver injury. Gut 2020; 69:133-145. [PMID: 31409605 PMCID: PMC6943250 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Fragile X mental retardation (FMR) syndrome is a frequently inherited intellectual disability caused by decreased or absent expression of the FMR protein (FMRP). Lack of FMRP is associated with neuronal degradation and cognitive dysfunction but its role outside the central nervous system is insufficiently studied. Here, we identify a role of FMRP in liver disease. DESIGN Mice lacking Fmr1 gene expression were used to study the role of FMRP during tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced liver damage in disease model systems. Liver damage and mechanistic studies were performed using real-time PCR, Western Blot, staining of tissue sections and clinical chemistry. RESULTS Fmr1null mice exhibited increased liver damage during virus-mediated hepatitis following infection with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Exposure to TNF resulted in severe liver damage due to increased hepatocyte cell death. Consistently, we found increased caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation following TNF stimulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate FMRP to be critically important for regulating key molecules in TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1)-dependent apoptosis and necroptosis including CYLD, c-FLIPS and JNK, which contribute to prolonged RIPK1 expression. Accordingly, the RIPK1 inhibitor Necrostatin-1s could reduce liver cell death and alleviate liver damage in Fmr1null mice following TNF exposure. Consistently, FMRP-deficient mice developed increased pathology during acute cholestasis following bile duct ligation, which coincided with increased hepatic expression of RIPK1, RIPK3 and phosphorylation of MLKL. CONCLUSIONS We show that FMRP plays a central role in the inhibition of TNF-mediated cell death during infection and liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Haifeng C Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Prashant V Shinde
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Warfsmann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jelena Vasilevska
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Balamurugan Sundaram
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristina Behnke
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica I Hoell
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohamed S Taha
- Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Medical research Branch, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental & Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg,Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Verena Keitel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aleksandra A Pandyra
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
A Novel Hepatic Anti-Fibrotic Strategy Utilizing the Secretome Released from Etanercept-Synthesizing Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246302. [PMID: 31847135 PMCID: PMC6940971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-driven inflammatory reaction plays a crucial role in the initiation of liver fibrosis. We herein attempted to design genetically engineered adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) producing etanercept (a potent TNF-α inhibitor), and to determine the anti-fibrotic potential of the secretome released from the etanercept-synthesizing ASCs (etanercept-secretome). First, we generated the etanercept-synthesizing ASCs by transfecting the ASCs with mini-circle plasmids containing the gene insert encoding for etanercept. We subsequently collected the secretory material released from the etanercept-synthesizing ASCs and determined its anti-fibrotic effects both in vitro (in thioacetamide [TAA]-treated AML12 and LX2 cells) and in vivo (in TAA-treated mice) models of liver fibrosis. We observed that while etanercept-secretome increased the viability of the TAA-treated AML12 hepatocytes (p = 0.021), it significantly decreased the viability of the TAA-treated LX2 HSCs (p = 0.021). In the liver of mice with liver fibrosis, intravenous administration of the etanercept-secretome induced significant reduction in the expression of both fibrosis-related and inflammation-related markers compared to the control group (all Ps < 0.05). The etanercept-secretome group also showed significantly lower serum levels of liver enzymes as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α (p = 0.020) and IL-6 (p = 0.021). Histological examination of the liver showed the highest reduction in the degree of fibrosis in the entanercept-secretome group (p = 0.006). Our results suggest that the administration of etanercept-secretome improves liver fibrosis by inhibiting TNF-α-driven inflammation in the mice with liver fibrosis. Thus, blocking TNF-α-driven inflammation at the appropriate stage of liver fibrosis could be an efficient strategy to prevent fibrosis.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
iRhom2 is an essential cofactor for ADAM17, the metalloprotease that sheds both the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and TNF receptors (TNFRs) from the cell surface. In this issue of Science Signaling, Sundaram et al. demonstrate a protective role for iRhom2 in promoting ADAM17-mediated shedding of TNFRs in hepatic stellate cells, which reduces TNFR signaling and liver fibrosis in response to injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Badenes
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Colin Adrain
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal. .,Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sundaram B, Behnke K, Belancic A, Al-Salihi MA, Thabet Y, Polz R, Pellegrino R, Zhuang Y, Shinde PV, Xu HC, Vasilevska J, Longerich T, Herebian D, Mayatepek E, Bock HH, May P, Kordes C, Aghaeepour N, Mak TW, Keitel V, Häussinger D, Scheller J, Pandyra AA, Lang KS, Lang PA. iRhom2 inhibits bile duct obstruction-induced liver fibrosis. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/605/eaax1194. [PMID: 31662486 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aax1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease can induce prolonged activation of hepatic stellate cells, which may result in liver fibrosis. Inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRhom2) is required for the maturation of A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17, also called TACE), which is responsible for the cleavage of membrane-bound tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and its receptors (TNFRs). Here, using the murine bile duct ligation (BDL) model, we showed that the abundance of iRhom2 and activation of ADAM17 increased during liver fibrosis. Consistent with this, concentrations of ADAM17 substrates were increased in plasma samples from mice after BDL and in patients suffering from liver cirrhosis. We observed increased liver fibrosis, accelerated disease progression, and an increase in activated stellate cells after BDL in mice lacking iRhom2 (Rhbdf2-/- ) compared to that in controls. In vitro primary mouse hepatic stellate cells exhibited iRhom2-dependent shedding of the ADAM17 substrates TNFR1 and TNFR2. In vivo TNFR shedding after BDL also depended on iRhom2. Treatment of Rhbdf2-/- mice with the TNF-α inhibitor etanercept reduced the presence of activated stellate cells and alleviated liver fibrosis after BDL. Together, these data suggest that iRhom2-mediated inhibition of TNFR signaling protects against liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Sundaram
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristina Behnke
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Belancic
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mazin A Al-Salihi
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yasser Thabet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robin Polz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rossella Pellegrino
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Prashant V Shinde
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Haifeng C Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jelena Vasilevska
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans H Bock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra May
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claus Kordes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Regenerative Hepatology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Grant S280, Stanford, CA 94305-5117, USA
| | - Tak W Mak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 1 King's Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Verena Keitel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Regenerative Hepatology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aleksandra A Pandyra
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Beringer A, Miossec P. IL-17 and TNF-α co-operation contributes to the proinflammatory response of hepatic stellate cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 198:111-120. [PMID: 31102558 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have a central role in liver inflammation and fibrosis by producing inflammatory and fibrotic mediators. Their activation is regulated through direct cell-cell interactions, but also through systemic and local effects of soluble factors such as cytokines. The effects of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-17 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and cell interactions with hepatocytes on HSC activation were assessed. Human HSC and HepaRG cells were exposed to IL-17 and/or TNF-α. IL-17 and TNF-α contribution from immune cells was determined in a co-culture model with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), HSC and/or hepatocytes. IL-17 enhanced TNF-α effects on the induction of IL-6, IL-1β, and the chemokine IL-8, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression/secretion in isolated HSC cultures. HSC-hepatocyte interactions did not enhance IL-6, IL-8 and CCL20 production compared to hepatocyte alone. However, HSC-hepatocyte interactions increased C-reactive protein expression. IL-17 and/or TNF-α had no direct profibrotic effects on collagen 1 α1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 gene expression, whereas mRNA levels of MMP3, an enzyme involved in matrix destruction, were up-regulated in HSCs. The use of specific inhibitors of IL-17 and TNF-α indicated their contribution to the strong increase of IL-6 and IL-8 production induced by PBMC, HSC and/or hepatocyte interactions. As chronic liver inflammation leads to liver fibrosis, IL-17 and/or TNF-α neutralization can be of interest to control liver inflammation and therefore its effects on fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Beringer
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation research Unit EA 4130, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - P Miossec
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation research Unit EA 4130, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Essam RM, Ahmed LA, Abdelsalam RM, El-Khatib AS. Phosphodiestrase-1 and 4 inhibitors ameliorate liver fibrosis in rats: Modulation of cAMP/CREB/TLR4 inflammatory and fibrogenic pathways. Life Sci 2019; 222:245-254. [PMID: 30858122 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiestrase (PDE) enzymes are suggested to play a leading role in fibrogenesis of liver where studies showed the possible implication of PDE 1 & 4 in liver injury proposing them as possible targets for treating liver fibrosis. AIM The present study was designed to investigate, for the first time, the possible therapeutic effects of selective inhibitors of PDE-1 (vinpocetine) and PDE-4 (roflumilast) in liver fibrosis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rats. MAIN METHODS Rats were given DEN (100 mg/kg, i.p.) once weekly for 6 weeks to induce liver fibrosis. Vinpocetine (10 mg/kg/day) or roflumilast (0.5 mg/kg/day) was then orally administered for 2 weeks. KEY FINDINGS Vinpocetine significantly suppressed the contents of hydroxyproline, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) whereas roflumilast normalized them. Moreover, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) content and protein expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were markedly decreased whereas cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein expression was significantly elevated by both treatments. Additionally, vinpocetine and roflumilast up-regulated the gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) receptor where roflumilast showed better results. PDE1 and 4 activities were inhibited by vinpocetine and roflumilast, respectively. The superior results offered by roflumilast could be related to the higher cAMP level obtained relative to vinpocetine. SIGNIFICANCE Our study manifested the up-regulation of PDE enzymes (1 & 4) in liver fibrosis and addressed the therapeutic role of vinpocetine and roflumilast as PDEIs through a cAMP-mediated TLR4 inflammatory and fibrogenic signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reham M Essam
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Rania M Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Aiman S El-Khatib
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Berkhout L, Barikbin R, Schiller B, Ravichandran G, Krech T, Neumann K, Sass G, Tiegs G. Deletion of tumour necrosis factor α receptor 1 elicits an increased TH17 immune response in the chronically inflamed liver. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4232. [PMID: 30862875 PMCID: PMC6414655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor α receptor 1 (TNFR1) activation is known to induce cell death, inflammation, and fibrosis but also hepatocyte survival and regeneration. The multidrug resistance protein 2 knockout (Mdr2-/) mice are a model for chronic hepatitis and inflammation-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. This study analysed how the absence of TNFR1 mediated signalling shapes cytokine and chemokine production, immune cell recruitment and ultimately influences liver injury and fibrotic tissue remodelling in the Mdr2-/- mouse model. We show that Tnfr1-/-/Mdr2-/- mice displayed increased plasma levels of ALT, ALP, and bilirubin as well as a significantly higher collagen content, and markers of fibrosis than Mdr2-/- mice. The expression profile of inflammatory cytokines (Il1b, Il23, Tgfb1, Il17a), chemokines (Ccl2, Cxcl1, Cx3cl1) and chemokine receptors (Ccr6, Cxcr6, Cx3cr1) in livers of Tnfr1-/-/Mdr2-/- mice indicated TH17 cell infiltration. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed that the aggravated tissue injury in Tnfr1-/-/Mdr2-/- mice strongly correlated with increased hepatic recruitment of TH17 cells and enhanced IL-17 production in the injured liver. Moreover, we observed increased hepatic activation of RIPK3 in Tnfr1-/-/Mdr2-/- mice, which was not related to necroptotic cell death. Rather, frequencies of infiltrating CX3CR1+ monocytes increased over time in livers of Tnfr1-/-/Mdr2-/- mice, which expressed significantly higher levels of Ripk3 than those of Mdr2-/- mice. Overall, we conclude that the absence of TNFR1-mediated signalling did not improve the pathological phenotype of Mdr2-/- mice. It instead caused enhanced infiltration of TH17 cells and CX3CR1+ monocytes into the injured tissue, which was accompanied by increased RIPK3 activation and IL-17 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Berkhout
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roja Barikbin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Schiller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gevitha Ravichandran
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Sass
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Karimi J, Mohammadalipour A, Sheikh N, Khodadadi I, Hashemnia M, Goudarzi F, Khanjarsim V, Solgi G, Hajilooi M, Bahabadi M, Kheiripour N, Hedayatyanfard K. Protective effects of combined Losartan and Nilotinib on carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:468-478. [PMID: 30207194 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1504960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed as therapeutic compounds for inhibiting the progression of liver fibrosis. In the present study, the simultaneous treatment of Nilotinib (TKIs) and Losartan was studied. Forty rats were divided into eight groups of fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and therapeutics (Nilotinib, Losartan, and combination therapy). In the end, serum parameters of the liver and gene expression analysis of transforming growth factor-β1, its receptors (TβRII), platelet-derived growth factor, its receptors (PDGFRβ), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), tumor necrosis factor-α, cytochrome P450 2E1, and collagen1 type 1 were performed. The oxidant/antioxidant factors were also analyzed. Histopathology analysis along with α-SMA immunohistochemistry and hydroxyproline evaluation was also conducted for a more in-depth study. The overall results indicated a better therapeutic effect of co-treatment of Nilotinib-Losartan in comparison with the treatment of each of them alone. Interestingly, some gene and protein factors and fibrotic indices were reduced even to the normal levels of the control group. The results of this study suggest that co-administration of these two combinations, strengthens their anti-fibrotic properties and, due to the routine use of these compounds against AML and blood pressure, these compounds can be used with caution against human liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Karimi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Adel Mohammadalipour
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Sheikh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Khodadadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemnia
- Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Departments of Pathobiology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farjam Goudarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Vahid Khanjarsim
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ghasem Solgi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hajilooi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Majid Bahabadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nejat Kheiripour
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Keshvad Hedayatyanfard
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zarzour RHA, Alshawsh MA, Asif M, Al-Mansoub MA, Mohamed Z, Ahmad M, Majid AMSA, Asmawi MZ, Kaur G, Al-Dualimi DW, Yam MF. Adipocytokine Regulation and Antiangiogenic Activity Underlie the Molecular Mechanisms of Therapeutic Effects of Phyllanthus niruri against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1057. [PMID: 30096951 PMCID: PMC6115813 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of adipose tissues is considered angiogenesis-dependent during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We have recently reported that our standardized 50% methanolic extract (ME) of Phyllanthus niruri (50% ME of P. niruri) has alleviated NAFLD in Sprague⁻Dawley rats. This study aimed to assess the molecular mechanisms of action, and to further evaluate the antiangiogenic effect of this extract. NAFLD was induced by eight weeks of high-fat diet, and treatment was applied for four weeks. Antiangiogenic activity was assessed by aortic ring assay and by in vitro tests. Our findings demonstrated that the therapeutic effects of 50% ME among NAFLD rats, were associated with a significant increase in serum adiponectin, reduction in the serum levels of RBP4, vaspin, progranulin, TNF-α, IL-6, and significant downregulation of the hepatic gene expression of PPARγ, SLC10A2, and Collα1. Concomitantly, 50% ME of P. niruri has exhibited a potent antiangiogenic activity on ring assay, cell migration, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tube formation, without any cytotoxic effect. Together, our findings revealed that the protective effects of P. niruri against NAFLD might be attributed to its antiangiogenic effect, as well as to the regulation of adipocytokines and reducing the expression of adipogenic genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghdaa Hamdan Al Zarzour
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammed A Alshawsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Majed Ahmed Al-Mansoub
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mariam Ahmad
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Zaini Asmawi
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Dhamraa Waleed Al-Dualimi
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Proteomic-genomic adjustments and their confluence for elucidation of pathways and networks during liver fibrosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:379-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
46
|
Karimi-Sales E, Mohaddes G, Alipour MR. Chalcones as putative hepatoprotective agents: Preclinical evidence and molecular mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2018; 129:177-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
47
|
Rodrigues Oliveira JL, Teixeira MM, Lambertucci JR, Antunes CMF, Carneiro M, Negrão-Corrêa D. Plasma levels of innate immune mediators are associated with liver fibrosis in low parasite burden Schistosoma mansoni-infected individuals. Scand J Immunol 2018; 87. [PMID: 29363152 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the murine model, it was demonstrated that pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are essential to the formation and modulation of Schistosoma-induced granulomatous inflammation. However, the relationship of these immune mediators and disease severity is hard to be established in naturally infected individuals. The current study evaluates the association between plasma concentrations of MIF, sTNF-R1, CCL3, CCL7 and CCL24 and schistosomiasis morbidity in Schistosoma mansoni-infected patients with a low parasite burden. For this propose, 97 S. mansoni-infected individuals were subjected to abdominal ultrasound analysis and clinical examination. Among them, 88 had plasma concentration of immune mediators estimated by ELISA assay. Multivariate linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between the plasma concentration of immune mediators and the variables investigated. Although most individuals presented low parasite burden, over 30% of them showed signs of fibrosis defined by ultrasound measurements and 2 patients had a severe form of schistosomiasis. No association between parasite burden and the plasma levels of chemokine/cytokines or disease severity was observed. There was a positive association between plasma concentration of CCL4, sTNF-R1, CCL3 and MIF with gall bladder thickness and/or with portal vein thickness that are liver fibrosis markers. In contrast, no association was found between CCL7 plasma concentrations with any of the schistosomiasis morbidity parameters evaluated. The data showed that CCL24, sTNFR1, MIF and CCL3 can be detected in plasma of S. mansoni-infected individuals and their concentration would be used as prognostic makers of Schistosoma-induced liver fibrosis, even in individuals with low parasite burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Rodrigues Oliveira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M M Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - J R Lambertucci
- Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - C M F Antunes
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M Carneiro
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - D Negrão-Corrêa
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sinkala E, Zyambo K, Besa E, Kaonga P, Nsokolo B, Kayamba V, Vinikoor M, Zulu R, Bwalya M, Foster GR, Kelly P. Rifaximin Reduces Markers of Inflammation and Bacterial 16S rRNA in Zambian Adults with Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis: A Randomized Control Trial. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:1152-1158. [PMID: 29436337 PMCID: PMC5928821 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis is the dominant cause of portal hypertension globally but may be overshadowed by hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS) in the tropics. In Zambia, schistosomiasis seroprevalence can reach 88% in endemic areas. Bacterial translocation (BT) drives portal hypertension in cirrhosis contributing to mortality but remains unexplored in HSS. Rifaximin, a non-absorbable antibiotic may reduce BT. We aimed to explore the influence of rifaximin on BT, inflammation, and fibrosis in HSS. In this phase II open-label trial (ISRCTN67590499), 186 patients with HSS in Zambia were evaluated and 85 were randomized to standard care with or without rifaximin for 42 days. Changes in markers of inflammation, BT, and fibrosis were the primary outcomes. BT was measured using plasma 16S rRNA, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, and lipopolysaccharide, whereas hyaluronan was used to measure fibrosis. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14) assessed inflammation. 16S rRNA reduced from baseline (median 146 copies/µL, interquartile range [IQR] 9, 537) to day 42 in the rifaximin group (median 63 copies/µL, IQR 12, 196), P < 0.01. The rise in sCD14 was lower (P < 0.01) in the rifaximin group (median rise 122 ng/mL, IQR-184, 783) than in the non-rifaximin group (median rise 832 ng/mL, IQR 530, 967). TNFR1 decreased (P < 0.01) in the rifaximin group (median -39 ng/mL IQR-306, 563) but increased in the non-rifaximin group (median 166 ng/mL, IQR 3, 337). Other markers remained unaffected. Rifaximin led to a reduction of inflammatory markers and bacterial 16S rRNA which may implicate BT in the inflammation in HSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edford Sinkala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutritional Group, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kanekwa Zyambo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutritional Group, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ellen Besa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutritional Group, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Patrick Kaonga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutritional Group, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bright Nsokolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutritional Group, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Violet Kayamba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutritional Group, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Michael Vinikoor
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rabison Zulu
- Paediatric Centre of Excellence Laboratory, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Martin Bwalya
- Paediatric Centre of Excellence Laboratory, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Graham R Foster
- Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Kelly
- Paediatric Centre of Excellence Laboratory, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutritional Group, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Park SY, Le CT, Sung KY, Choi DH, Cho EH. Succinate induces hepatic fibrogenesis by promoting activation, proliferation, and migration, and inhibiting apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:673-678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
50
|
Bae M, Park YK, Lee JY. Food components with antifibrotic activity and implications in prevention of liver disease. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 55:1-11. [PMID: 29268106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in parallel with the obesity epidemic has been a major public health concern. NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disease in the United States, ranging from fatty liver to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis in the liver. In response to chronic liver injury, fibrogenesis in the liver occurs as a protective response; however, prolonged and dysregulated fibrogenesis can lead to liver fibrosis, which can further progress to cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Interplay of hepatocytes, macrophages and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the hepatic inflammatory and oxidative milieu is critical for the development of NAFLD. In particular, HSCs play a major role in the production of extracellular matrix proteins. Studies have demonstrated that bioactive food components and natural products, including astaxanthin, curcumin, blueberry, silymarin, coffee, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, resveratrol, quercetin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate, have antifibrotic effects in the liver. This review summarizes current knowledge of the mechanistic insight into the antifibrotic actions of the aforementioned bioactive food components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Bae
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|