1
|
Xie C, Schaefer L, Iozzo RV. Global impact of proteoglycan science on human diseases. iScience 2023; 26:108095. [PMID: 37867945 PMCID: PMC10589900 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this comprehensive review, we will dissect the impact of research on proteoglycans focusing on recent developments involved in their synthesis, degradation, and interactions, while critically assessing their usefulness in various biological processes. The emerging roles of proteoglycans in global infections, specifically the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and their rising functions in regenerative medicine and biomaterial science have significantly affected our current view of proteoglycans and related compounds. The roles of proteoglycans in cancer biology and their potential use as a next-generation protein-based adjuvant therapy to combat cancer is also emerging as a constructive and potentially beneficial therapeutic strategy. We will discuss the role of proteoglycans in selected and emerging areas of proteoglycan science, such as neurodegenerative diseases, autophagy, angiogenesis, cancer, infections and their impact on mammalian diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Xie
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang C, Yin L, Fu P, Lu G, Zhai X, Yang C. Anti-inflammatory effect of ApoE23 on Salmonella typhimurium-induced sepsis in mice. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230767. [PMID: 37533741 PMCID: PMC10390754 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two independent experiments were performed with three groups each (sepsis control, sepsis, and sepsis with apoE23 treatment) to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of apolipoprotein 23 (apoE23) in a mouse model of sepsis induced by S. typhimurium. Survival rates; plasma level variations in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS); S. typhimurium colony-forming units in the spleen tissue; and mRNA and protein expression levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), LDLR-related protein (LRP), syndecan-1, and scavenger receptor B1 were evaluated in the livers of mice from the three groups. Results found that the survival rate of septic mice treated with apoE23 was 100% within 48 h, while it was only 40% in septic mice without apoE23 treatment (P < 0.001). The plasma LPS, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels and the S. typhimurium load in mice in the apoE23-treated group were significantly lower than those in septic mice (P < 0.05). Moreover, apoE23 restored the downregulated expression of LDLR and LRP in the liver tissue of septic mice. So apoE23 exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect in the mouse model of S. typhimurium-induced sepsis. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of apoE23.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqing Wang
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Control and the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Control, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Control, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Pan Fu
- Department of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Guoping Lu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhai
- Department of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Changsheng Yang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Shanghai, Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Ministry of Health, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liao YE, Liu J, Arnold K. Heparan sulfates and heparan sulfate binding proteins in sepsis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1146685. [PMID: 36865384 PMCID: PMC9971734 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1146685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfates (HSs) are the main components in the glycocalyx which covers endothelial cells and modulates vascular homeostasis through interactions with multiple Heparan sulfate binding proteins (HSBPs). During sepsis, heparanase increases and induces HS shedding. The process causes glycocalyx degradation, exacerbating inflammation and coagulation in sepsis. The circulating heparan sulfate fragments may serve as a host defense system by neutralizing dysregulated Heparan sulfate binding proteins or pro-inflammatory molecules in certain circumstances. Understanding heparan sulfates and heparan sulfate binding proteins in health and sepsis is critical to decipher the dysregulated host response in sepsis and advance drug development. In this review, we will overview the current understanding of HS in glycocalyx under septic condition and the dysfunctional heparan sulfate binding proteins as potential drug targets, particularly, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and histones. Moreover, several drug candidates based on heparan sulfates or related to heparan sulfates, such as heparanase inhibitors or heparin-binding protein (HBP), will be discussed regarding their recent advances. By applying chemical or chemoenzymatic approaches, the structure-function relationship between heparan sulfates and heparan sulfate binding proteins is recently revealed with structurally defined heparan sulfates. Such homogenous heparan sulfates may further facilitate the investigation of the role of heparan sulfates in sepsis and the development of carbohydrate-based therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-En Liao
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Impaired mitophagy in Sanfilippo a mice causes hypertriglyceridemia and brown adipose tissue activation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102159. [PMID: 35750212 PMCID: PMC9364035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases result in various developmental and physiological complications, including cachexia. To study the causes for the negative energy balance associated with cachexia, we assessed the impact of sulfamidase deficiency and heparan sulfate storage on energy homeostasis and metabolism in a mouse model of type IIIa mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS IIIa, Sanfilippo A syndrome). At 12-weeks of age, MPS IIIa mice exhibited fasting and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia compared with wildtype mice, with a reduction of white and brown adipose tissues. Partitioning of dietary [3H]triolein showed a marked increase in intestinal uptake and secretion, whereas hepatic production and clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins did not differ from wildtype controls. Uptake of dietary triolein was also elevated in brown adipose tissue (BAT), and notable increases in beige adipose tissue occurred, resulting in hyperthermia, hyperphagia, hyperdipsia, and increased energy expenditure. Furthermore, fasted MPS IIIa mice remained hyperthermic when subjected to low temperature but became cachexic and profoundly hypothermic when treated with a lipolytic inhibitor. We demonstrated that the reliance on increased lipid fueling of BAT was driven by a reduced ability to generate energy from stored lipids within the depot. These alterations arose from impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion, resulting in increased mitochondria content in beige and BAT. Finally, we show that increased mitochondria content in BAT and postprandial dyslipidemia was partially reversed upon 5-week treatment with recombinant sulfamidase. We hypothesize that increased BAT activity and persistent increases in energy demand in MPS IIIa mice contribute to the negative energy balance observed in patients with MPS IIIa.
Collapse
|
5
|
Xiao W, Pinilla-Baquero A, Faulkner J, Song X, Prabhakar P, Qiu H, Moremen KW, Ludwig A, Dempsey PJ, Azadi P, Wang L. Robo4 is constitutively shed by ADAMs from endothelial cells and the shed Robo4 functions to inhibit Slit3-induced angiogenesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4352. [PMID: 35288626 PMCID: PMC8921330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Roundabout 4 (Robo4) is a transmembrane receptor that expresses specifically in endothelial cells. Soluble Robo4 was reported in the human plasma and mouse serum and is inhibitory towards FGF- and VEGF-induced angiogenesis. It remains unknown how soluble Robo4 is generated and if soluble Robo4 regulates additional angiogenic signaling. Here, we report soluble Robo4 is the product of constitutive ectodomain shedding of endothelial cell surface Robo4 by disintegrin metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 and acts to inhibit angiogenic Slit3 signaling. Meanwhile, the ligand Slit3 induces cell surface receptor Robo4 endocytosis to shield Robo4 from shedding, showing Slit3 inhibits Robo4 shedding to enhance Robo4 signaling. Our study delineated ADAM10 and ADAM17 are Robo4 sheddases, and ectodomain shedding, including negative regulation by its ligand Slit3, represents a novel control mechanism of Robo4 signaling in angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Xiao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave., Tampa, FL33613, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Alejandro Pinilla-Baquero
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave., Tampa, FL33613, USA
| | - John Faulkner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave., Tampa, FL33613, USA
| | - Xuehong Song
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave., Tampa, FL33613, USA
| | - Pradeep Prabhakar
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Hong Qiu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter J Dempsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Medical School, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave., Tampa, FL33613, USA.
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Syndecan-1 Expression Is Increased in the Aortic Wall of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes but Is Unrelated to Elevated Fasting Plasma Glucagon-Like Peptide-1. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060697. [PMID: 34203009 PMCID: PMC8233803 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A reduced prevalence of a thoracic aortic aneurysm (thoracic AA) is observed in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)/GLP-1-based anti-diabetic therapy has indicated protective effects in thoracic AA and regulates the processes controlling the vascular tissue expression of Syndecan-1 (Sdc-1). Sdc-1 expression on macrophages infiltrating the aortic tissue contributes to a counter-regulatory response to thoracic AA formation in animal models through the interplay with inflammation/proteolytic activity. We hypothesized that elevated fasting plasma GLP-1 (fpGLP-1) increases the aortic Sdc-1 expression in T2D, which may contribute to a reduced prevalence of thoracic AA. Consequently, we determined whether T2D/thoracic AA associates with an altered Sdc-1 expression in the aortic tissue and the possible associations with fpGLP-1 and inflammation/proteolytic activity. From a cohort of surgical patients with an aortic valve pathology, we compared different disease groups (T2D/thoracic AA) with the same sub-cohort group of controls (patients without T2D and thoracic AA). The MMP-2 activity and Sdc-1, GLP-1R and CD68 expression were analyzed in the aortic tissue. GLP-1, Sdc-1 and cytokines were analyzed in the plasma. The aortic Sdc-1 expression was increased in T2D patients but did not correlate with fpGLP-1. Thoracic AA was associated with an increased aortic expression of Sdc-1 and the macrophage marker CD68. CD68 was not detected in T2D. In conclusion, an increased aortic Sdc-1 expression may contribute to a reduced prevalence of thoracic AA in T2D.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kongmanas K, Punyadee N, Wasuworawong K, Songjaeng A, Prommool T, Pewkliang Y, Manocheewa S, Thiemmeca S, Sa-ngiamsuntorn K, Puttikhunt C, Faull KF, Hongeng S, Avirutnan P. Immortalized stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells: An alternative model for studying dengue pathogenesis and therapy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008835. [PMID: 33216752 PMCID: PMC7717553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Suitable cell models are essential to advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of liver diseases and the development of therapeutic strategies. Primary human hepatocytes (PHHs), the most ideal hepatic model, are commercially available, but they are expensive and vary from lot-to-lot which confounds their utility. We have recently developed an immortalized hepatocyte-like cell line (imHC) from human mesenchymal stem cells, and tested it for use as a substitute model for hepatotropic infectious diseases. With a special interest in liver pathogenesis of viral infection, herein we determined the suitability of imHC as a host cell target for dengue virus (DENV) and as a model for anti-viral drug testing. We characterized the kinetics of DENV production, cellular responses to DENV infection (apoptosis, cytokine production and lipid droplet metabolism), and examined anti-viral drug effects in imHC cells with comparisons to the commonly used hepatoma cell lines (HepG2 and Huh-7) and PHHs. Our results showed that imHC cells had higher efficiencies in DENV replication and NS1 secretion as compared to HepG2 and Huh-7 cells. The kinetics of DENV infection in imHC cells showed a slower rate of apoptosis than the hepatoma cell lines and a certain similarity of cytokine profiles to PHHs. In imHC, DENV-induced alterations in levels of lipid droplets and triacylglycerols, a major component of lipid droplets, were more apparent than in hepatoma cell lines, suggesting active lipid metabolism in imHC. Significantly, responses to drugs with DENV inhibitory effects were greater in imHC cells than in HepG2 and Huh-7 cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest superior suitability of imHC as a new hepatocyte model for studying mechanisms underlying viral pathogenesis, liver diseases and drug effects. A model system resembling normal human liver cells is needed for advancement of hepatotropic infectious disease research. Here we show that immortalized cells (imHC) derived from human stem cells have a higher efficiency of DENV replication and a lower rate of cell death in response to DENV infection than the cancer cell-derived model systems currently used. The imHC also have active fat metabolism and respond well to anti-viral drug treatment, making them an attractive model for the initial stage of drug discovery and testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kessiri Kongmanas
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuntaya Punyadee
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kasima Wasuworawong
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Adisak Songjaeng
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanapan Prommool
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yongyut Pewkliang
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriphan Manocheewa
- Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchai Thiemmeca
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chunya Puttikhunt
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kym Francis Faull
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panisadee Avirutnan
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gümüş Güler B, Özler S. Increased syndecan-1 and glypican-3 predict poor perinatal outcome and treatment resistance in intrahepatic cholestasis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2020; 19:271-276. [PMID: 31919038 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to explore the association between serum syndecan-1 and glypican-3 levels and the adverse perinatal outcome as well as the responses to the treatment of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). METHODS This prospective, case control study included 88 pregnant women (44 women with ICP and 44 healthy controls). The primary end points were the perinatal outcome and the response to UDCA therapy. A logistic regression model was used to identify the independent risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes and reduced response to UDCA therapy. RESULTS Women with ICP had significantly higher serum syndecan-1 (1.27 ± 0.36 ng/mL vs. 0.98 ± 0.50 ng/mL; P = 0.003), glypican-3 (1.78 ± 0.13 ng/mL vs.1.69 ± 0.16 ng/mL; P = 0.004), AST (128.59 ± 1.44 vs. 13.29 ± 1.32 U/L; P < 0.001), and ALT (129.84 ± 1.53 vs. 8.00 ± 3.67 U/L; P < 0.001) levels compared with the controls. The increased levels of syndecan-1 (OR = 4.715, 95% CI: 1.554-14.310; P = 0.006), glypican-3 (OR = 8.465, 95% CI: 3.372-21.248; P = 0.007), ALT (OR = 1.382, 95% CI: 1.131-1.690; P = 0.002), and postprandial bile acid (PBA) (OR = 3.392, 95% CI: 1.003-12.869; P = 0.026) were correlated to ICP. The adverse neonatal outcome was related to increased glypican-3 (OR = 4.275, 95% CI: 2.726-5.635; P = 0.039), and PBA (OR = 3.026, 95% CI: 1.069-13.569; P = 0.037). Increases of syndecan-1 (OR = 7.464, 95% CI: 2.130-26.153, P = 0.017) and glypican-3 (OR = 6.194, 95% CI: 2.951-13.002; P = 0.025) were the risk factors of decreased response to UDCA treatment. CONCLUSION Syndecan-1 and glypican-3 might be powerful determinants in predicting adverse perinatal outcome in patients with ICP, and they can be used to predict the response to the UDCA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Başak Gümüş Güler
- Department of Health Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Sibel Özler
- Department of Perinatology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya 42130, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arnold K, Xu Y, Sparkenbaugh EM, Li M, Han X, Zhang X, Xia K, Piegore M, Zhang F, Zhang X, Henderson M, Pagadala V, Su G, Tan L, Park PW, Stravitz RT, Key NS, Linhardt RJ, Pawlinski R, Xu D, Liu J. Design of anti-inflammatory heparan sulfate to protect against acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaav8075. [PMID: 32188725 PMCID: PMC7315409 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav8075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen/paracetamol (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure (ALF) in the United States and Europe. The progression of the disease is attributed to sterile inflammation induced by the release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and the interaction with receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). A specific, effective, and safe approach to neutralize the proinflammatory activity of HMGB1 is highly desirable. Here, we found that a heparan sulfate (HS) octadecasaccharide (18-mer-HP or hepatoprotective 18-mer) displays potent hepatoprotection by targeting the HMGB1/RAGE axis. Endogenous HS proteoglycan, syndecan-1, is shed in response to APAP overdose in mice and humans. Furthermore, purified syndecan-1, but not syndecan-1 core protein, binds to HMGB1, suggesting that HMGB1 binds to HS polysaccharide side chains of syndecan-1. Last, we compared the protection effect between 18-mer-HP and N-acetyl cysteine, which is the standard of care to treat APAP overdose. We demonstrated that 18-mer-HP administered 3 hours after a lethal dose of APAP is fully protective; however, the treatment of N-acetyl cysteine loses protection. Therefore, 18-mer-HP may offer a potential therapeutic advantage over N-acetyl cysteine for late-presenting patients. Synthetic HS provides a potential approach for the treatment of APAP-induced ALF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Arnold
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Erica M Sparkenbaugh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 25799, USA
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Mark Piegore
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Mike Henderson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 25799, USA
| | | | - Guowei Su
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lisi Tan
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, China
| | - Pyong Woo Park
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard T Stravitz
- Hume-Lee Transplant Center of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Nigel S Key
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 25799, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Rafal Pawlinski
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 25799, USA
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mbikay M, Mayne J, Chrétien M. The enigma of soluble LDLR: could inflammation be the key? Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:17. [PMID: 32014013 PMCID: PMC6998292 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-1199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor (sLDLR) is the circulating ectodomain of transmembrane LDLR. Its blood level strongly correlates with that of triglycerides (TG). This correlation has eluded satisfactory explanation. Hypertriglyceridemia and shedding of the ectodomain of many transmembrane receptors often accompany inflammatory states. The shedding mostly occurs through cleavage by a disintegrin-and-metalloproteinase-17 (ADAM-17), an enzyme activated by inflammation. It reduces the cellular uptake of TG-loaded lipoproteins, causing their accumulation in circulation; hence the correlation between plasma sLDLR and TG. Soluble LDLR could become a new surrogate marker of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majambu Mbikay
- Functional Endoproteolysis Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec, H2W 1R7, Canada. .,Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Janice Mayne
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michel Chrétien
- Functional Endoproteolysis Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec, H2W 1R7, Canada.,Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Anower-E-Khuda F, Singh G, Deng Y, Gordts PLSM, Esko JD. Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein binding and uptake by heparan sulfate proteoglycan receptors in a CRISPR/Cas9 library of Hep3B mutants. Glycobiology 2020; 29:582-592. [PMID: 31094413 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding and uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) in mice depend on heparan sulfate and the hepatic proteoglycan, syndecan-1 (SDC1). Alteration of glucosamine N-sulfation by deletion of glucosamine N-deacetylase-N-sulfotransferase 1 (Ndst1) and 2-O-sulfation of uronic acids by deletion of uronyl 2-O-sulfotransferase (Hs2st) led to diminished lipoprotein metabolism, whereas inactivation of glucosaminyl 6-O-sulfotransferase 1 (Hs6st1), which encodes one of the three 6-O-sulfotransferases, had little effect on lipoprotein binding. However, other studies have suggested that 6-O-sulfation may be important for TRL binding and uptake. In order to explain these discrepant findings, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to create a library of mutants in the human hepatoma cell line, Hep3B. Inactivation of EXT1 encoding the heparan sulfate copolymerase, NDST1 and HS2ST dramatically reduced binding of TRLs. Inactivation of HS6ST1 had no effect, but deletion of HS6ST2 reduced TRL binding. Compounding mutations in HS6ST1 and HS6ST2 did not exacerbate this effect indicating that HS6ST2 is the dominant 6-O-sulfotransferase and that binding of TRLs indeed depends on 6-O-sulfation of glucosamine residues. Uptake studies showed that TRL internalization was also affected in 6-O-sulfation deficient cells. Interestingly, genetic deletion of SDC1 only marginally impacted binding of TRLs but reduced TRL uptake to the same extent as treating the cells with heparin lyases. These findings confirm that SDC1 is the dominant endocytic proteoglycan receptor for TRLs in human Hep3B cells and that binding and uptake of TRLs depend on SDC1 and N- and 2-O-sulfation as well as 6-O-sulfation of heparan sulfate chains catalyzed by HS6ST2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yiping Deng
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine.,Juventas Cell Therapy Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Philip L S M Gordts
- Department of Medicine.,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine.,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
De Luca M, Vecchie’ D, Athmanathan B, Gopalkrishna S, Valcin JA, Swain TM, Sertie R, Wekesa K, Rowe GC, Bailey SM, Nagareddy PR. Genetic Deletion of Syndecan-4 Alters Body Composition, Metabolic Phenotypes, and the Function of Metabolic Tissues in Female Mice Fed A High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112810. [PMID: 31752080 PMCID: PMC6893658 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecans are transmembrane proteoglycans that, like integrins, bind to components of the extracellular matrix. Previously, we showed significant associations of genetic variants in the Syndecan-4 (SDC4) gene with intra-abdominal fat, fasting plasma glucose levels, and insulin sensitivity index in children, and with fasting serum triglyceride levels in healthy elderly subjects. An independent study also reported a correlation between SDC4 and the risk of coronary artery disease in middle-aged patients. Here, we investigated whether deletion of Sdc4 promotes metabolic derangements associated with diet-induced obesity by feeding homozygous male and female Sdc4-deficient (Sdc4-/-) mice and their age-matched wild-type (WT) mice a high-fat diet (HFD). We found that WT and Sdc4-/- mice gained similar weight. However, while no differences were observed in males, HFD-fed female Sdc4-/- mice exhibited a higher percentage of body fat mass than controls and displayed increased levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose, as well as reduced whole-body insulin sensitivity. Additionally, they had an increased adipocyte size and macrophage infiltration in the visceral adipose tissue, and higher triglyceride and fatty acid synthase levels in the liver. Together with our previous human genetic findings, these results provide evidence of an evolutionarily conserved role of SDC4 in adiposity and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Luca
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.V.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-934-7033
| | - Denise Vecchie’
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.V.); (R.S.)
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Baskaran Athmanathan
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA; (B.A.); (S.G.); (P.R.N.)
| | - Sreejit Gopalkrishna
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA; (B.A.); (S.G.); (P.R.N.)
| | - Jennifer A. Valcin
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.A.V.); (T.M.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Telisha M. Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.A.V.); (T.M.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Rogerio Sertie
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Kennedy Wekesa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA;
| | - Glenn C. Rowe
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Shannon M. Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.A.V.); (T.M.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Prabhakara R. Nagareddy
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA; (B.A.); (S.G.); (P.R.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Syndecan-1: A Review on Its Role in Heart Failure and Chronic Liver Disease Patients' Assessment. Cardiol Res Pract 2019; 2019:4750580. [PMID: 31815014 PMCID: PMC6878788 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4750580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The close connection and interaction between the cardiac and the liver functions are well-known, as cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is an important clinical entity which best describes the mutual pathogenical influence between these two organs. Due to the fact that cardiac dysfunction in patients with chronic hepatic disorders is oligosymptomatic or even asymptomatic, an early diagnosis represents a challenge for every physician. Syndecan-1—a transmembrane proteoglycan that exerts its functions mainly via its heparane sulfate chains—is a very promising biomarker, correlated not only with the degree of cardiac fibrosis but also with the severity of liver fibrosis. Many studies highlighted its role in the development of cardiac fibrosis or atherogenesis, being significantly correlated with the activity of angiotensin II. Multiple evidence revealed that syndecan-1 is also associated with tissue injury and may regulate inflammatory and regenerative responses, being considered a protective molecule that limits the inflammation and reduces cardiac remodelling and dysfunction after a myocardial infarction. Syndecan-1 may also be used as a reliable biomarker for the noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis. Under various fibrogenetic conditions, shedding of syndecan's extracellular domain took place, becoming a soluble form that binds different growth factors and inhibits further fibrosis. This complex molecule is also involved in the lipid metabolism, by altering the clearance of cholesterol particles, and in chronic hepatitis, by enhancing the viral invasion of hepatocytes. Due to the growing interest in this biomarker, multiple studies aimed at revealing syndecan-1's potential benefits in the diagnosis and prognosis assessment in patients with heart failure or chronic liver disorders. In this review, we review the mechanisms by which syndecan-1 exerts its effects and the possible perspectives opened by its use as a dual cardio-hepatic biomarker.
Collapse
|
14
|
Poli M, Anower-E-Khuda F, Asperti M, Ruzzenenti P, Gryzik M, Denardo A, Gordts PLSM, Arosio P, Esko JD. Hepatic heparan sulfate is a master regulator of hepcidin expression and iron homeostasis in human hepatocytes and mice. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13292-13303. [PMID: 31315930 PMCID: PMC6737225 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is a liver-derived peptide hormone that controls systemic iron homeostasis. Its expression is regulated by the bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6)/SMAD1/5/8 pathway and by the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL6). Proteoglycans that function as receptors of these signaling proteins in the liver are commonly decorated by heparan sulfate, but the potential role of hepatic heparan sulfate in hepcidin expression and iron homeostasis is unclear. Here, we show that modulation of hepatic heparan sulfate significantly alters hepcidin expression and iron metabolism both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, enzymatic removal of heparan sulfate from primary human hepatocytes, CRISPR/Cas9 manipulation of heparan sulfate biosynthesis in human hepatoma cells, or pharmacological manipulation of heparan sulfate–protein interactions using sodium chlorate or surfen dramatically reduced baseline and BMP6/SMAD1/5/8-dependent hepcidin expression. Moreover inactivation of the heparan sulfate biosynthetic gene N-deacetylase and N-sulfotransferase 1 (Ndst1) in murine hepatocytes (Ndst1f/fAlbCre+) reduced hepatic hepcidin expression and caused a redistribution of systemic iron, leading to iron accumulation in the liver and serum of mice. Manipulation of heparan sulfate had a similar effect on IL6-dependent hepcidin expression in vitro and suppressed IL6-mediated iron redistribution induced by lipopolysaccharide in vivo. These results provide compelling evidence that hepatocyte heparan sulfate plays a key role in regulating hepcidin expression and iron homeostasis in mice and in human hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maura Poli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Ferdous Anower-E-Khuda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Michela Asperti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Ruzzenenti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Magdalena Gryzik
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Denardo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Philip L S M Gordts
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Regős E, Karászi K, Reszegi A, Kiss A, Schaff Z, Baghy K, Kovalszky I. Syndecan-1 in Liver Diseases. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:813-819. [PMID: 30826971 PMCID: PMC7242248 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis, primary and metastatic liver cancers are still a major medical challenge. Syndecan-1 is one of the most important proteoglycans in the liver. Syndecan-1 is normally expressed on the surfaces of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Due to liver diseases the amount of syndecan-1 increases in the liver. Despite the emerging data of the biological function of syndecan-1, the clinical usefulness of this proteoglycan is still unknown. In our study we correlated syndecan-1 expression to clinico-pathological data. We found that syndecan-1 proved to be a good marker for hepatitis C virus based hepatocellular carcinoma and increased with liver dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Regős
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Katalin Karászi
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Andrea Reszegi
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - András Kiss
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői street 93, Budapest, 1091, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Schaff
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői street 93, Budapest, 1091, Hungary
| | - Kornélia Baghy
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gordts PLSM, Esko JD. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan grip on hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:262-282. [PMID: 29803939 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are found at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix, where they interact with a plethora of proteins involved in lipid homeostasis and inflammation. Over the last decade, new insights have emerged regarding the mechanism and biological significance of these interactions in the context of cardiovascular disease. The majority of cardiovascular disease-related deaths are caused by complications of atherosclerosis, a disease that results in narrowing of the arterial lumen, thereby reducing blood flow to critical levels in vital organs, such as the heart and brain. Here, we discuss novel insights into how heparan sulfate proteoglycans modulate risk factors such as hyperlipidemia and inflammation that drive the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques to their clinical critical endpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip L S M Gordts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Leonova EI, Sadovnikova ES, Shaykhutdinova ER, Galzitskaya OV, Murashev AN, Solonin AS. Hepatic and Aortic Arch Expression and Serum Levels of Syndecan-1 in ApoE -/- Mice. Open Biochem J 2017; 11:77-93. [PMID: 29151984 PMCID: PMC5676011 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01711010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) syndecan-1 (Sdc1) acts as a receptor for triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), growth factors, chemokines and enzymes. Due to the disordered structure, its function is as diverse as its ligands. In this paper, we have analyzed hepatic and aortic arch expression of Sdc1 in ApoE-/- mice and examined their association with biochemical changes in plasma during the atheroma formation. Methods: ApoE knockout (ApoE-/-) mice as a model of atherosclerosis were used. Plasma chemistry parameters were estimated by automatic biochemical analyzer. The ELISA test was used to detect soluble Sdc1. The mRNA level of syndecan-1 in liver cells and aortic arch was determined by real time PCR. Results: The Sdc1 mRNA level in liver cells was 1.5-2.5 times higher in ApoE-/- mice compared to the wild-type species and increased with age, whereas it remained at the same level in wild-type mice upon aging. Furthermore, the plasma cholesterol level was 4-6 times higher in ApoE-/- mice compared to the wild type; in contrast, triglyceride (TG) remained at the same level. Simultaneously, the expression of Sdc1 in the aortic arch of ApoE-/- mice decreases with age; however, it increases in wild-type mice of the same age. We determined that the Sdc1 mRNA expression in liver cells is significantly higher compared to the cells of aortic arch. In addition, our research demonstrated that the level of soluble Sdc1 slightly increased with age and did not depend on mouse genotype; yet, the total amount of soluble Sdc1 was higher in ApoE-/- mice. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the level of soluble Sdc1 in serum of mice can be associated with chronic inflammation. In addition, we hypothesized that a compensatory increase in the Sdc1 expression in ApoE-/- mice may prevent accumulation of triglycerides in serum, yet having no effect on cholesterol accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Leonova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Elena S Sadovnikova
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Elvira R Shaykhutdinova
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Oxana V Galzitskaya
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Arkady N Murashev
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Alexandr S Solonin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Diet-induced hypercholesterolemia alters liver glycosaminoglycans and associated-lipoprotein receptors in rats. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 73:539-550. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Targher G, Byrne CD. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an emerging driving force in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:297-310. [PMID: 28218263 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by an accumulation of fat in the liver; the condition can progress over time to increase the risk of developing cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing rapidly owing to the global epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and NAFLD has been predicted to become the most important indication for liver transplantation over the next decade. It is now increasingly clear that NAFLD not only affects the liver but can also increase the risk of developing extra-hepatic diseases, including T2DM, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD), which have a considerable impact on health-care resources. Accumulating evidence indicates that NAFLD exacerbates insulin resistance, predisposes to atherogenic dyslipidaemia and releases a variety of proinflammatory factors, prothrombotic factors and profibrogenic molecules that can promote vascular and renal damage. Furthermore, communication or 'crosstalk' between affected organs or tissues in these diseases has the potential to further harm function and worsen patient outcomes, and increasing amounts of evidence point to a strong association between NAFLD and CKD. Whether a causal relationship between NAFLD and CKD exists remains to be definitively established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Targher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton.,Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bauters D, Spincemaille P, Geys L, Cassiman D, Vermeersch P, Bedossa P, Scroyen I, Lijnen HR. ADAMTS5 deficiency protects against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in obesity. Liver Int 2016; 36:1848-1859. [PMID: 27254774 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Increased prevalence of obesity is paralleled by an increase in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We previously found that the expression of ADAMTS5 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin type 1 motifs; member 5) is enhanced in expanding adipose tissue. However, no information is available on a potential role in liver pathology. We studied the effect of ADAMTS5 deficiency on NASH in mice. METHODS Wild-type (Adamts5+/+ ) and deficient (Adamts5-/- ) mice were kept on a standard- or high-fat diet (HFD) for 15 weeks. Alternatively, steatohepatitis was induced with methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet. RESULTS HFD feeding resulted in comparable body weights for both genotypes, but Adamts5-/- mice had approximately 40% lower liver weight (P = 0.0004). In the Adamts5-/- mice, the HFD as well as the MCD diet consistently induced less NASH with less fibrosis. The deteriorating effect of ADAMTS5 on the liver during diet-induced obesity may be due, at least in part, to proteolytic cleavage of the matrix components syndecan-1 and versican, thereby enhancing hepatic triglyceride clearance from the circulation. Plasma lipid levels were elevated in obese Adamts5-/- mice. There was no clear effect of ADAMTS5 deficiency on glycaemia or glucose tolerance, whereas insulin sensitivity was somewhat improved. Furthermore, Adamts5-/- mice were protected from hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction, as indicated by increased mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity, higher ATP levels and higher expression of antioxidant enzymes. CONCLUSIONS Absence of ADAMTS5 preserves liver integrity in a diet-induced obesity model. Selective targeting of ADAMTS5 could provide a new therapeutic strategy for treatment/prevention of NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dries Bauters
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Spincemaille
- Lab of Hepatology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Geys
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Cassiman
- Department of Hepatology and Metabolic Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeersch
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Ilse Scroyen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Henri R Lijnen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Musso G, Cassader M, Cohney S, De Michieli F, Pinach S, Saba F, Gambino R. Fatty Liver and Chronic Kidney Disease: Novel Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities. Diabetes Care 2016; 39:1830-45. [PMID: 27660122 DOI: 10.2337/dc15-1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). ESRD or CVD develop in a substantial proportion of patients with CKD receiving standard-of-care therapy, and mortality in CKD remains unchanged. These data suggest that key pathogenetic mechanisms underlying CKD progression go unaffected by current treatments. Growing evidence suggests that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and CKD share common pathogenetic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Common nutritional conditions predisposing to both NAFLD and CKD include excessive fructose intake and vitamin D deficiency. Modulation of nuclear transcription factors regulating key pathways of lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and farnesoid X receptor, is advancing to stage III clinical development. The relevance of epigenetic regulation in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and CKD is also emerging, and modulation of microRNA21 is a promising therapeutic target. Although single antioxidant supplementation has yielded variable results, modulation of key effectors of redox regulation and molecular sensors of intracellular energy, nutrient, or oxygen status show promising preclinical results. Other emerging therapeutic approaches target key mediators of inflammation, such as chemokines; fibrogenesis, such as galectin-3; or gut dysfunction through gut microbiota manipulation and incretin-based therapies. Furthermore, NAFLD per se affects CKD through lipoprotein metabolism and hepatokine secretion, and conversely, targeting the renal tubule by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors can improve both CKD and NAFLD. Implications for the treatment of NAFLD and CKD are discussed in light of this new therapeutic armamentarium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Musso
- Humanitas Gradenigo Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Solomon Cohney
- Department of Nephrology, Western & Royal Melbourne Hospitals, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Franco De Michieli
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Pinach
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Saba
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Musso G, Cassader M, Cohney S, Pinach S, Saba F, Gambino R. Emerging Liver-Kidney Interactions in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Trends Mol Med 2016; 21:645-662. [PMID: 26432021 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence connects non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to chronic kidney disease (CKD). We review emerging mechanistic links between NAFLD and CKD, including altered activation of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-2, nutrient/energy sensors sirtuin-1 and AMP-activated kinase, as well as impaired antioxidant defense mediated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). Dietary fructose excess may also contribute to NAFLD and CKD. NAFLD affects renal injury through lipoprotein dysmetabolism and altered secretion of the hepatokines fibroblast growth factor-21, fetuin-A, insulin-like growth factor-1, and syndecan-1. CKD may mutually aggravate NAFLD and associated metabolic disturbances through altered intestinal barrier function and microbiota composition, the accumulation of uremic toxic metabolites, and alterations in pre-receptor glucocorticoid metabolism. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for the treatment of NAFLD and CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Solomon Cohney
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne and Western Hospital, Victoria, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Silvia Pinach
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Saba
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gandley RE, Althouse A, Jeyabalan A, Bregand-White JM, McGonigal S, Myerski AC, Gallaher M, Powers RW, Hubel CA. Low Soluble Syndecan-1 Precedes Preeclampsia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157608. [PMID: 27299886 PMCID: PMC4907460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Syndecan-1 (Sdc1; CD138) is a major transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan expressed on the extracellular, luminal surface of epithelial cells and syncytiotrophoblast, thus comprising a major component of the glycocalyx of these cells. The "soluble" (shed) form of Sdc1 has paracrine and autocrine functions and is normally produced in a regulated fashion. We compared plasma soluble Sdc1 concentrations, in relation to placental Sdc1 expression, in uncomplicated (control) and preeclamptic pregnancies. METHODS We evaluated soluble Sdc1 across uncomplicated pregnancy, and between preeclamptic, gestational hypertensive and control patients at mid-pregnancy (20 weeks) and 3rd trimester by ELISA. Placental expression level of Sdc1 was compared between groups in relation to pre-delivery plasma soluble Sdc1. Participants were recruited from Magee-Womens Hospital. RESULTS In uncomplicated pregnancy, plasma soluble Sdc1 rose significantly in the 1st trimester, and reached an approximate 50-fold increase at term compared to post pregnancy levels. Soluble Sdc1 was lower at mid-pregnancy in women who later developed preeclampsia (P<0.05), but not gestational hypertension, compared to controls, and remained lower at late pregnancy in preeclampsia (P<0.01) compared to controls. Sdc1 was prominently expressed on syncytiotrophoblast of microvilli. Syncytiotrophoblast Sdc1 immunostaining intensities, and mRNA content in villous homogenates, were lower in preeclampsia vs. controls (P<0.05). Soluble Sdc1 and Sdc1 immunostaining scores were inversely associated with systolic blood pressures, and positively correlated with infant birth weight percentile. CONCLUSION Soluble Sdc1 is significantly lower before the clinical onset of preeclampsia, with reduced expression of Sdc1 in the delivered placenta, suggesting a role for glycocalyx disturbance in preeclampsia pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin E Gandley
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andrew Althouse
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Arundhathi Jeyabalan
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.,Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julia M Bregand-White
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stacy McGonigal
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ashley C Myerski
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marcia Gallaher
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert W Powers
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carl A Hubel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article summarizes the current evidence to support a role of sulfatase 2 (SULF2) in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) metabolism and angiogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) are involved in the hepatic clearance of TRLs in mice and in humans. Different genetically modified mouse models have been instrumental to provide evidence that syndecan1, the core protein of HSPG, but also the degree of sulfation of the heparin sulfate chain, attached to syndecan 1, is important for hepatic TRL metabolism. Studies in humans demonstrate the regulating role of SULF2 in the hepatic uptake of TRL by HSPG and demonstrate the importance of 6-O-sulfation, modulated by SULF2, for HSPG function. The role of SULF2 in angiogenesis is illustrated by increased SULF2 mRNA expression in the stalk cells of angiogenic vascular sprouts that use fatty acids derived from TRL as a source for biomass production. Interestingly, SULF2 also interferes with HSPG-vascular endothelial growth factor binding, which impacts upon the angiogenic properties of stalk cells. SUMMARY SULF2 is a multifaceted protein involved in TRL homeostasis and angiogenesis. Future investigations should focus on the potential benefits of targeting SULF2 in atherosclerosis and angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marchien G Dallinga
- aDepartment of Ophthalmology bDepartment of Vascular cDepartment of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Iozzo RV, Schaefer L. Proteoglycan form and function: A comprehensive nomenclature of proteoglycans. Matrix Biol 2015; 42:11-55. [PMID: 25701227 PMCID: PMC4859157 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 769] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We provide a comprehensive classification of the proteoglycan gene families and respective protein cores. This updated nomenclature is based on three criteria: Cellular and subcellular location, overall gene/protein homology, and the utilization of specific protein modules within their respective protein cores. These three signatures were utilized to design four major classes of proteoglycans with distinct forms and functions: the intracellular, cell-surface, pericellular and extracellular proteoglycans. The proposed nomenclature encompasses forty-three distinct proteoglycan-encoding genes and many alternatively-spliced variants. The biological functions of these four proteoglycan families are critically assessed in development, cancer and angiogenesis, and in various acquired and genetic diseases where their expression is aberrant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Qing Q, Zhang S, Chen Y, Li R, Mao H, Chen Q. High glucose-induced intestinal epithelial barrier damage is aggravated by syndecan-1 destruction and heparanase overexpression. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1366-74. [PMID: 25702768 PMCID: PMC4459850 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (Sdc1) and its endo-beta-d-glucuronidase heparanase (HPSE) are implicated in maintenance of intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB), but their alterations and roles in high-glucose/hyperglycaemia (HG) conditions have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to determine the expression pattern, the possible regulation mechanism of Sdc1 and HPSE in HG conditions, and their potential effects on IEB. Therefore, diabetic mice/cell models were developed, and tissue/serum samples, cell lysate and culture supernatants were harvested. The expression of Sdc1 and HPSE in control, HG and designated interventions groups were detected. Phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway (MAPK), the expressions of Occludin and ZO-1, and the levels of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) were measured and monitored. The results showed that in HG conditions, intestinal tissue and cellular Sdc1 were significantly decreased, but the expression of HPSE, and soluble Sdc1 in serum and culture supernatants were remarkably increased. Such alterations of Sdc1 and HPSE were associated with solely p38 MAPK activation, and were correlated with the reductions of Occludin, ZO-1 and TEER. Heparin (Sdc1 analogue) and SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor), instead of insulin, alleviated Sdc1 destruction and HPSE overexpression, and effectively prevented against the reductions of tight junctions and the abnormality of intestinal permeability in HG conditions. In conclusion, we confirm the unique alterations of Sdc1 and HPSE in HG conditions, and found their interactions with p38 MAPK activation and IEB. These indicate that Sdc1/HPSE modulation can be viewed as an important complementary treatment for relieving HG-induced gastrointestinal damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Qing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoheng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runhua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qikui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Human papillomavirus species-specific interaction with the basement membrane-resident non-heparan sulfate receptor. Viruses 2014; 6:4856-79. [PMID: 25490765 PMCID: PMC4276933 DOI: 10.3390/v6124856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a cell culture model where virus is bound to the extracellular matrix (ECM) prior to cell surface binding, we determined that human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) utilizes ECM resident laminin (LN) 332 as an attachment receptor for infectious entry. In presence of LN332, soluble heparin can function as ligand activator rather than competitive inhibitor of HPV16 infection. We also show that the ability to use LN332 binding as a productive attachment step for infectious entry is not conserved amongst HPV types. In the alpha genus, species 9 members (HPV16) attach to ECM via LN332, while members of species 7 (HPV18) are completely inhibited by heparin pre-incubation due to an inability to use LN332. Since HPV species 7 and 9 are preferentially associated with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, respectively, our data provide first evidence that pre-entry events may contribute to the anatomical-site preference of HPV species.
Collapse
|
28
|
Adepu S, Katta K, Tietge UJF, Kwakernaak AJ, Dam W, van Goor H, Dullaart RPF, Navis GJ, Bakker SJL, van den Born J. Hepatic syndecan-1 changes associate with dyslipidemia after renal transplantation. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:2328-38. [PMID: 25154787 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Syndecan-1 is a transmembrane heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan present on hepatocytes and involved in uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins via its HS polysaccharide side chains. We hypothesized that altered hepatic syndecan-1 metabolism could be involved in dyslipidemia related to renal transplantation. In a rat renal transplantation model elevated plasma triglycerides were associated with fivefold increased expression of hepatic syndecan-1 mRNA (p < 0.01), but not protein. Expression of syndecan-1 sheddases (ADAM17, MMP9) and heparanase was significantly up-regulated after renal transplantation (all p < 0.05). Profiling of HS side chains revealed loss of hepatic HS upon renal transplantation accompanied by significant decreased functional capacity for VLDL binding (p = 0.02). In a human renal transplantation cohort (n = 510), plasma levels of shed syndecan-1 were measured. Multivariate analysis showed plasma syndecan-1 to be independently associated with triglycerides (p < 0.0001) and inversely with HDL cholesterol (p < 0.0001). Last, we show a physical association of syndecan-1 to HDL from renal transplant recipients (RTRs), but not to HDL from healthy controls. Our data suggest that after renal transplantation loss of hepatic HS together with increased syndecan-1 shedding hampers lipoprotein binding and uptake by the liver contributing to dyslipidemia. Our data open perspectives toward improvement of lipid profiles by targeted inhibition of syndecan-1 catabolism in renal transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Adepu
- Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lefèvre M, Felmlee DJ, Parnot M, Baumert TF, Schuster C. Syndecan 4 is involved in mediating HCV entry through interaction with lipoviral particle-associated apolipoprotein E. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95550. [PMID: 24751902 PMCID: PMC3994096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide and HCV infection represents a major health problem. HCV associates with host lipoproteins forming host/viral hybrid complexes termed lipoviral particles. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a lipoprotein component that interacts with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) to mediate hepatic lipoprotein uptake, and may likewise mediate HCV entry. We sought to define the functional regions of apoE with an aim to identify critical apoE binding partners involved in HCV infection. Using adenoviral vectors and siRNA to modulate apoE expression we show a direct correlation of apoE expression and HCV infectivity, whereas no correlation exists with viral protein expression. Mutating the HSPG binding domain (HSPG-BD) of apoE revealed key residues that are critical for mediating HCV infection. Furthermore, a novel synthetic peptide that mimics apoE’s HSPG-BD directly and competitively inhibits HCV infection. Genetic knockdown of the HSPG proteins syndecan (SDC) 1 and 4 revealed that SDC4 principally mediates HCV entry. Our data demonstrate that HCV uses apoE-SDC4 interactions to enter hepatoma cells and establish infection. Targeting apoE-SDC interactions could be an alternative strategy for blocking HCV entry, a critical step in maintaining chronic HCV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lefèvre
- Inserm, U1110, Research Institute on Viral and Hepatic Disease, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel J. Felmlee
- Inserm, U1110, Research Institute on Viral and Hepatic Disease, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Parnot
- Inserm, U1110, Research Institute on Viral and Hepatic Disease, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Inserm, U1110, Research Institute on Viral and Hepatic Disease, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Pôle hépato-digestif, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Schuster
- Inserm, U1110, Research Institute on Viral and Hepatic Disease, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Christianson HC, Belting M. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan as a cell-surface endocytosis receptor. Matrix Biol 2013; 35:51-5. [PMID: 24145152 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
How various macromolecules are exchanged between cells and how they gain entry into recipient cells are fundamental questions in cell biology with important implications e.g. non-viral drug delivery, infectious disease, metabolic disorders, and cancer. The role of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) as a cell-surface receptor of diverse macromolecular cargo has recently been manifested. Exosomes, cell penetrating peptides, polycation-nucleic acid complexes, viruses, lipoproteins, growth factors and morphogens among other ligands enter cells through HSPG-mediated endocytosis. Key questions that partially have been unraveled over recent years include the respective roles of HSPG core protein and HS chain structure specificity for macromolecular cargo endocytosis, the down-stream intracellular signaling events involved in HSPG-dependent membrane invagination and vesicle formation, and the biological significance of the HSPG transport pathway. Here, we discuss the intriguing role of HSPGs as a major entry pathway of macromolecules in mammalian cells with emphasis on recent in vitro and in vivo data that provide compelling evidence of HSPG as an autonomous endocytosis receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mattias Belting
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Skåne University Hospital & Oncology Clinic, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Foley EM, Gordts PLSM, Stanford KI, Gonzales JC, Lawrence R, Stoddard N, Esko JD. Hepatic remnant lipoprotein clearance by heparan sulfate proteoglycans and low-density lipoprotein receptors depend on dietary conditions in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2065-74. [PMID: 23846497 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chylomicron and very low-density lipoprotein remnants are cleared from the circulation in the liver by heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) receptors (syndecan-1), the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and LDLR-related protein-1 (LRP1), but the relative contribution of each class of receptors under different dietary conditions remains unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein clearance was measured in AlbCre(+)Ndst1(f/f), Ldlr(-/-), and AlbCre(+)Lrp1(f/f) mice and mice containing combinations of these mutations. Triglyceride measurements in single and double mutant mice showed that HSPGs and LDLR dominate clearance under fasting conditions and postprandial conditions, but LRP1 contributes significantly when LDLR is absent. Mice lacking hepatic expression of all 3 receptors (AlbCre(+)Ndst1(f/f) Lrp1(f/f) Ldlr(-/-)) displayed dramatic hyperlipidemia (870 ± 270 mg triglyceride/dL; 1300 ± 350 mg of total cholesterol/dL) and exhibited persistent elevated postprandial triglyceride levels because of reduced hepatic clearance. Analysis of the particles accumulating in mutants showed that HSPGs preferentially clear a subset of small triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (≈ 20-40 nm diameter), whereas LDLR and LRP1 clear larger particles (≈ 40-60 nm diameter). Finally, we show that HSPGs play a major role in clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in mice fed normal chow or under postprandial conditions but seem to play a less significant role on a high-fat diet. CONCLUSIONS These data show that HSPGs, LDLR, and LRP1 clear distinct subsets of particles, that HSPGs work independently of LDLR and LRP1, and that HSPGs, LDLR, and LRP1 are the 3 major hepatic triglyceride-rich lipoprotein clearance receptors in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Foley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Philip L S M Gordts
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jon C Gonzales
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Roger Lawrence
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nicole Stoddard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gonzales JC, Gordts PLSM, Foley EM, Esko JD. Apolipoproteins E and AV mediate lipoprotein clearance by hepatic proteoglycans. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:2742-51. [PMID: 23676495 DOI: 10.1172/jci67398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) syndecan-1 (SDC1) acts as a major receptor for triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) clearance in the liver. We sought to identify the relevant apolipoproteins on TRLs that mediate binding to SDC1 and determine their clinical relevance. Evidence supporting ApoE as a major determinant arose from its enrichment in TRLs from mice defective in hepatic heparan sulfate (Ndst1f/fAlbCre⁺ mice), decreased binding of ApoE-deficient TRLs to HSPGs on human hepatoma cells, and decreased clearance of ApoE-deficient [³H]TRLs in vivo. Evidence for a second ligand was suggested by the faster clearance of ApoE-deficient TRLs after injection into WT Ndst1f/fAlbCre⁻ versus mutant Ndst1f/fAlbCre⁺ mice and elevated fasting and postprandial plasma triglycerides in compound Apoe⁻/⁻Ndst1f/fAlbCre⁺ mice compared with either single mutant. ApoAV emerged as a candidate based on 6-fold enrichment of ApoAV in TRLs accumulating in Ndst1f/fAlbCre⁺ mice, decreased binding of TRLs to proteoglycans after depletion of ApoAV or addition of anti-ApoAV mAb, and decreased heparan sulfate-dependent binding of ApoAV-deficient particles to hepatocytes. Importantly, disruption of hepatic heparan sulfate-mediated clearance increased atherosclerosis. We conclude that clearance of TRLs by hepatic HSPGs is atheroprotective and mediated by multivalent binding to ApoE and ApoAV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon C Gonzales
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California 92093-0687, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Vlodavsky I, Blich M, Li JP, Sanderson RD, Ilan N. Involvement of heparanase in atherosclerosis and other vessel wall pathologies. Matrix Biol 2013; 32:241-51. [PMID: 23499530 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase, the sole mammalian endoglycosidase degrading heparan sulfate, is causally involved in cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, inflammation and kidney dysfunction. Despite the wide occurrence and impact of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in vascular biology, the significance of heparanase in vessel wall disorders is underestimated. Blood vessels are highly active structures whose morphology rapidly adapts to maintain vascular function under altered systemic and local conditions. In some pathologies (restenosis, thrombosis, atherosclerosis) this normally beneficial adaptation may be detrimental to overall function. Enzymatic dependent and independent effects of heparanase on arterial structure mechanics and repair closely regulate arterial compliance and neointimal proliferation following endovascular stenting. Additionally, heparanase promotes thrombosis after vascular injury and contributes to a pro-coagulant state in human carotid atherosclerosis. Importantly, heparanase is closely associated with development and progression of atherosclerotic plaques, including stable to unstable plaque transition. Consequently, heparanase levels are markedly increased in the plasma of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Noteworthy, heparanase activates macrophages, resulting in marked induction of cytokine expression associated with plaque progression towards vulnerability. Together, heparanase emerges as a regulator of vulnerable lesion development and potential target for therapeutic intervention in atherosclerosis and related vessel wall complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yilmaz Y, Eren F, Colak Y, Senates E, Celikel CA, Imeryuz N. Hepatic expression and serum levels of syndecan 1 (CD138) in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:1488-93. [PMID: 23137022 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2012.725093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Syndecan-1 (CD138) is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan expressed in the liver which may exert metabolic effects by mediating the hepatic clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. In the present study, we assayed serum levels and the hepatic expression of syndecan-1 and examined their association with clinical, biochemical, and histologic phenotypes in patients with histology-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS A total of 59 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 54 matched controls were enrolled. The analysis of syndecan-1 expression in liver biopsies was performed by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples. Serum syndecan-1 levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS NAFLD patients had significantly higher serum syndecan-1 levels [median: 61 ng/mL (interquartile range: 36-97 ng/mL)] than controls [median: 37 ng/mL (interquartile range: 25-59 ng/mL, Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.001]. However, we did not find any significant association between serum syndecan-1 and the mean syndecan-1 immunohistochemical score (n = 59, r = 0.064, p = 0.63). Interestingly, the syndecan-1 immunohistochemical score was an independent predictor of HDL cholesterol in NAFLD patients (β = 0.27; t = 1.99, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that serum syndecan-1 levels are raised in patients with NAFLD. Moreover, the syndecan-1 immunohistochemical score in the liver is independently associated with HDL cholesterol in this group of patients. These pilot results support further investigation of this molecule in metabolic liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Yilmaz
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|