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Chuah MH, Leask MP, Topless RK, Gamble GD, Sumpter NA, Stamp LK, Merriman TR, Dalbeth N. Interaction of genetic variation at ADH1B and MLXIPL with alcohol consumption for elevated serum urate level and gout among people of European ethnicity. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:45. [PMID: 38331848 PMCID: PMC10851571 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for hyperuricaemia and gout. Multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified as associated with both alcohol consumption and serum urate or gout in separate genome-wide association studies (GWAS). This study aimed to identify and characterise interactions between these shared signals of genetic association and alcohol consumption for serum urate level, hyperuricaemia, and gout. METHODS This research was conducted using the UK Biobank resource. The association of alcohol consumption with serum urate and gout was tested among 458,405 European participants. Candidate SNPs were identified by comparing serum urate, gout, and alcohol consumption GWAS for shared signals of association. Multivariable-adjusted linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted with the inclusion of interaction terms to identify SNP-alcohol consumption interactions for association with serum urate level, hyperuricaemia, and gout. The nature of these interactions was characterised using genotype-stratified association analyses. RESULTS Alcohol consumption was associated with elevated serum urate and gout. For serum urate level, non-additive interactions were identified between alcohol consumption and rs1229984 at the ADH1B locus (P = 3.0 × 10-44) and rs6460047 at the MLXIPL locus (P = 1.4 × 10-4). ADH1B also demonstrated interaction with alcohol consumption for hyperuricaemia (P = 7.9 × 10-13) and gout (P = 8.2 × 10-9). Beer intake had the most significant interaction with ADH1B for association with serum urate and gout among men, while wine intake had the most significant interaction among women. In the genotype-stratified association analyses, ADH1B and MLXIPL were associated with serum urate level and ADH1B was associated with hyperuricaemia and gout among consumers of alcohol but not non-consumers. CONCLUSIONS In this large study of European participants, novel interactions with alcohol consumption were identified at ADH1B and MLXIPL for association with serum urate level and at ADH1B for association with hyperuricaemia and gout. The association of ADH1B with serum urate and gout may occur through the modulation of alcohol metabolism rate among consumers of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min H Chuah
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Megan P Leask
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ruth K Topless
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gregory D Gamble
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas A Sumpter
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand.
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2
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Dempsey JL, Ioannou GN, Carr RM. Mechanisms of Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Steatotic Liver Diseases. Semin Liver Dis 2023; 43:367-382. [PMID: 37799111 DOI: 10.1055/a-2186-3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The steatotic diseases of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), and chronic hepatitis C (HCV) account for the majority of liver disease prevalence, morbidity, and mortality worldwide. While these diseases have distinct pathogenic and clinical features, dysregulated lipid droplet (LD) organelle biology represents a convergence of pathogenesis in all three. With increasing understanding of hepatocyte LD biology, we now understand the roles of LD proteins involved in these diseases but also how genetics modulate LD biology to either exacerbate or protect against the phenotypes associated with steatotic liver diseases. Here, we review the history of the LD organelle and its biogenesis and catabolism. We also review how this organelle is critical not only for the steatotic phenotype of liver diseases but also for their advanced phenotypes. Finally, we summarize the latest attempts and challenges of leveraging LD biology for therapeutic gain in steatotic diseases. In conclusion, the study of dysregulated LD biology may lead to novel therapeutics for the prevention of disease progression in the highly prevalent steatotic liver diseases of MASLD, ALD, and HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Dempsey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - George N Ioannou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Gastroenterology, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System Seattle, Washington
| | - Rotonya M Carr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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3
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Chen M, Zhong W, Xu W. Alcohol and the mechanisms of liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:1233-1240. [PMID: 37423758 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, covers a large spectrum of liver injuries ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of ALD includes genetic and epigenetic alterations, oxidative stress, acetaldehyde-mediated toxicity and cytokine and chemokine-induced inflammation, metabolic reprogramming, immune damage, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. This review discusses the progress in the pathogenesis and molecular mechanism of ALD, which could provide evidence for further research on the potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanglei Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lu Y, Chen Y, Hu W, Wang M, Wen X, Yang J. Inhibition of ACSS2 attenuates alcoholic liver steatosis via epigenetically regulating de novo lipogenesis. Liver Int 2023; 43:1729-1740. [PMID: 37183518 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Steatosis is the early pathological change in alcohol-associated liver disease. However, its precise mechanism is still unclear. The present study is aimed to explore the role and mechanism of acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) in acute alcohol-induced lipogenesis. METHODS The increase in ACSS2 nuclear import and histone H3 acetylation were observed in mice after intraperitoneally injected with 2 g/kg ethanol or oral administration of 5 g/kg ethanol and also validated in hepatocytes stimulated with ethanol or acetate. The role of ACSS2 was further explored in liver-specific ACSS2 knockdown mice fed with ethanol-containing diet. RESULTS Alcohol challenge induced hepatic lipid deposition and upregulated lipogenic genes in mice. It also promoted ACSS2 nuclear import and increased histone H3 acetylation. In hepatocytes, ethanol induced similar phenomena whereas ACSS2 knockdown blocked histone acetylation and lipogenic gene induction. P300/CBP associated factor (PCAF), but not general control nonderepressible 5, CREB-binding protein (CBP) and p300, facilitated H3K9 acetylation responding to ethanol challenge. CUT&RUN assay showed the enrichment of acetylated histone H3K9 surrounding Fasn and Acaca promoters. These results indicated that ethanol metabolism promoted ACSS2 nuclear import to support lipogenesis via H3K9 acetylation. In alcohol-feeding mice, liver-specific ACSS2 knockdown blocked the interaction between PCAF and H3K9 and suppressed lipogenic gene induction in the liver, demonstrating the critical role of ACSS2 in lipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that alcohol metabolism generated acetyl-CoA in the nucleus dependently on nuclear ACSS2, contributing to epigenetic regulation of lipogenesis in hepatic steatosis. Targeting ACSS2 may be a potential therapeutical strategy for acute alcoholic liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yimeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Center for Drug Innovation and Discovery, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Adekunle AD, Adejumo A, Singal AK. Therapeutic targets in alcohol-associated liver disease: progress and challenges. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231170946. [PMID: 37187673 PMCID: PMC10176580 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231170946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a complex disease with rapidly increasing prevalence. Although there are promising therapeutic targets on the horizon, none of the newer targets is currently close to an Food and Drug Administration approval. Strategies are needed to overcome challenges in study designs and conducting clinical trials and provide impetus to the field of drug development in the landscape of ALD and alcoholic hepatitis. Management of ALD is complex and should include therapies to achieve and maintain alcohol abstinence, preferably delivered by a multidisciplinary team. Although associated with clear mortality benefit in select patients, the use of early liver transplantation still requires refinement to create uniformity in selection protocols across transplant centers. There is also a need for reliable noninvasive biomarkers for prognostication. Last but not the least, strategies are urgently needed to implement integrated multidisciplinary care models for treating the dual pathology of alcohol use disorder and of liver disease for improving the long-term outcomes of patients with ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayooluwatomiwa Deborah Adekunle
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Luke’s
Hospital, Chesterfield, Missouri, USA
- Division of Hepatology, University of
Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Transplant Hepatology, University
of South Dakota Sanford Medical School, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Adeyinka Adejumo
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Luke’s
Hospital, Chesterfield, Missouri, USA
- Division of Hepatology, University of
Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Transplant Hepatology, University
of South Dakota Sanford Medical School, Sioux Falls, SD
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Fang C, Pan J, Qu N, Lei Y, Han J, Zhang J, Han D. The AMPK pathway in fatty liver disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:970292. [PMID: 36203933 PMCID: PMC9531345 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.970292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders are the primary causes for the occurrence and progression of various liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) caused by a high-fat diet and ethanol. AMPK signaling pathway plays an important role in ameliorating lipid metabolism disorders. Progressive research has clarified that AMPK signal axes are involved in the prevention and reduction of liver injury. Upregulation of AMK can alleviate FLD in mice induced by alcohol or insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, and most natural AMPK agonists can regulate lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress in hepatocytes, consequently regulating FLD in mice. In NAFLD and AFLD, increasing the activity of AMPK can inhibit the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol by down-regulating the expression of adipogenesis gene (FAS, SREBP-1c, ACC and HMGCR); Simultaneously, by increasing the expression of fatty acid oxidation and lipid decomposition genes (CPT1, PGC1, and HSL, ATGL) involved in fatty acid oxidation and lipid decomposition, the body’s natural lipid balance can be maintained. At present, some AMPK activators are thought to be beneficial during therapeutic treatment. Therefore, activation of AMPK signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for disorders of the liver. We summarized the most recent research on the role of the AMPK pathway in FLD in this review. Simultaneously, we performed a detailed description of each signaling axis of the AMPK pathway, as well as a discussion of its mechanism of action and therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiu Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
| | - Jianheng Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
| | - Ning Qu
- College of Traditional Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuting Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
| | - Jiajun Han
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
| | - Jingzhou Zhang
- College of Traditional Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dong Han
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Han,
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Abraham S, Lindo C, Peoples J, Cox A, Lytle E, Nguyen V, Mehta M, Alvarez JD, Yooseph S, Pacher P, Ebert SN. Maternal binge alcohol consumption leads to distinctive acute perturbations in embryonic cardiac gene expression profiles. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1433-1448. [PMID: 35692084 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with high risk of congenital heart defects, but it is unclear how alcohol specifically affects heart development during the acute aftermath of a maternal binge drinking episode. We hypothesize that administration of a single maternal binge dose of alcohol to pregnant mice at embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5) causes perturbations in the expression patterns of specific genes in the developing heart in the acute period (1-3 days) following the binge episode. To test this hypothesis and identify strong candidate ethanol-sensitive target genes of interest, we adapted a mouse binge alcohol model that is associated with a high incidence of congenital heart defects as described below. METHODS/RESULTS Pregnant mice were administered a single dose of alcohol (2.5 g/kg in saline) or control (saline alone) via oral gavage. To evaluate the impact of maternal binge alcohol on cardiac gene expression profiles, we isolated embryonic hearts from both groups (n = 5/group) at 24, 48, and 72 h post-gavage for transcriptomic analyses. RNA was extracted and evaluated using quantitative RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) methods. To identify a cohort of binge-altered cardiac genes, we set the threshold for change at >2.0-fold difference with adjusted p < 0.05 versus control. RNA-Seq analysis of cardiac gene expression revealed that of the 17 genes that were altered within the first 48 h post-binge, with the largest category consisting of transcription factors (Alx1, Alx4, HoxB7, HoxD8, and Runx2), followed by signaling molecules (Adamts18, Dkk2, Rtl1, and Wnt7a). Furthermore, multiple comparative and pathway analyses suggested that several of the candidate genes identified through differential RNA-Seq analysis may interact through certain common pathways. To investigate this further, we performed gene-specific qPCR analyses for three representative candidate targets: Runx2, Wnt7a, and Mlxipl. Notably, only Wnt7a showed significantly (p < 0.05) decreased expression in response to maternal binge alcohol in the qPCR assays. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify Wnt7a and a short list of potential other candidate genes and pathways for further study, which could provide mechanistic insights into how maternal binge alcohol consumption produces congenital cardiac malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Abraham
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Science, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Chad Lindo
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Science, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Jessica Peoples
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Science, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda Cox
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Science, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Erika Lytle
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Science, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Vu Nguyen
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Science, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Meeti Mehta
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Science, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Jose D Alvarez
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Science, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Shibu Yooseph
- Department of Computer Science, Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, College of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute of Alcohol and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven N Ebert
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Science, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Zhu L, Li HD, Xu JJ, Li JJ, Cheng M, Meng XM, Huang C, Li J. Advancements in the Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Model. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081035. [PMID: 36008929 PMCID: PMC9406170 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is an intricate disease that results in a broad spectrum of liver damage. The presentation of ALD can include simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Effective prevention and treatment strategies are urgently required for ALD patients. In previous decades, numerous rodent models were established to investigate the mechanisms of alcohol-associated liver disease and explore therapeutic targets. This review provides a summary of the latest developments in rodent models, including those that involve EtOH administration, which will help us to understand the characteristics and causes of ALD at different stages. In addition, we discuss the pathogenesis of ALD and summarize the existing in vitro models. We analyse the pros and cons of these models and their translational relevance and summarize the insights that have been gained regarding the mechanisms of alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Correspondence: (X.-M.M.); (C.H.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-551-65161001 (J.L.); Fax: +86-551-65161001 (J.L.)
| | - Cheng Huang
- Correspondence: (X.-M.M.); (C.H.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-551-65161001 (J.L.); Fax: +86-551-65161001 (J.L.)
| | - Jun Li
- Correspondence: (X.-M.M.); (C.H.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-551-65161001 (J.L.); Fax: +86-551-65161001 (J.L.)
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9
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Ferdouse A, Clugston RD. Pathogenesis of Alcohol-Associated Fatty Liver: Lessons From Transgenic Mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:940974. [PMID: 35864895 PMCID: PMC9294393 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.940974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a major public health issue that significantly contributes to human morbidity and mortality, with no FDA-approved therapeutic intervention available. The health burden of ALD has worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has been associated with a spike in alcohol abuse, and a subsequent increase in hospitalization rates for ALD. A key knowledge gap that underlies the lack of novel therapies for ALD is a need to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to ALD initiation, particularly with respect to hepatic lipid accumulation and the development of fatty liver, which is the first step in the ALD spectrum. The goal of this review is to evaluate the existing literature to gain insight into the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated fatty liver, and to synthesize alcohol’s known effects on hepatic lipid metabolism. To achieve this goal, we specifically focus on studies from transgenic mouse models of ALD, allowing for a genetic dissection of alcohol’s effects, and integrate these findings with our current understanding of ALD pathogenesis. Existing studies using transgenic mouse models of ALD have revealed roles for specific genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolic pathways including fatty acid uptake, mitochondrial β-oxidation, de novo lipogenesis, triglyceride metabolism, and lipid droplet formation. In addition to reviewing this literature, we conclude by identifying current gaps in our understanding of how alcohol abuse impairs hepatic lipid metabolism and identify future directions to address these gaps. In summary, transgenic mice provide a powerful tool to understand alcohol’s effect on hepatic lipid metabolism and highlight that alcohol abuse has diverse effects that contribute to the development of alcohol-associated fatty liver disease.
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Han L, Zhou J, Hu Z, Fu C, Li X, Liu J, Zhao W, Wu T, Li C, Kang J, Li J, Chen X. Lamivudine remedies alcoholism by activating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Recazens E, Tavernier G, Dufau J, Bergoglio C, Benhamed F, Cassant-Sourdy S, Marques MA, Caspar-Bauguil S, Brion A, Monbrun L, Dentin R, Ferrier C, Leroux M, Denechaud PD, Moro C, Concordet JP, Postic C, Mouisel E, Langin D. ChREBPβ is dispensable for the control of glucose homeostasis and energy balance. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153431. [PMID: 35041621 PMCID: PMC8876429 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired glucose metabolism is observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Glucose controls gene expression through the transcription factor ChREBP in liver and adipose tissues. Mlxipl encodes 2 isoforms: ChREBPα, the full-length form (translocation into the nucleus is under the control of glucose), and ChREBPβ, a constitutively nuclear shorter form. ChREBPβ gene expression in white adipose tissue is strongly associated with insulin sensitivity. Here, we investigated the consequences of ChREBPβ deficiency on insulin action and energy balance. ChREBPβ-deficient male and female C57BL6/J and FVB/N mice were produced using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. Unlike global ChREBP deficiency, lack of ChREBPβ showed modest effects on gene expression in adipose tissues and the liver, with variations chiefly observed in brown adipose tissue. In mice fed chow and 2 types of high-fat diets, lack of ChREBPβ had moderate effects on body composition and insulin sensitivity. At thermoneutrality, ChREBPβ deficiency did not prevent the whitening of brown adipose tissue previously reported in total ChREBP-KO mice. These findings revealed that ChREBPβ is dispensable for metabolic adaptations to nutritional and thermic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jérémy Dufau
- Equipe MetaDiab, I2MC Inserm UT3 UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Fadila Benhamed
- Endocrinologie Metabolisme et Cancer, Insitut Cochin Inserm U567, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Alice Brion
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7196, INSERM U1154, Paris, France
| | | | - Renaud Dentin
- Endocrinologie Metabolisme et Cancer, Insitut Cochin Inserm U567, Paris, France
| | - Clara Ferrier
- Equipe MetaDiab, I2MC Inserm UT3 UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Mélanie Leroux
- Equipe MetaDiab, I2MC Inserm UT3 UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Cedric Moro
- Equipe MetaDiab, I2MC Inserm UT3 UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7196, INSERM U1154, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, Insitut Cochin Inserm U567, Paris, France
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Phospholipase C signal mediated the glucose-induced changes of glucose absorption and lipid accumulation in the intestinal epithelial cells of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1601-1610. [PMID: 33504374 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In present study, we explored the effects and the underlying mechanisms of phospholipase C (PLC) mediating glucose-induced changes in intestinal glucose transport and lipid metabolism by using U-73122 (a PLC inhibitor). We found that glucose incubation activated the PLC signal and U-73122 pre-incubation alleviated the glucose-induced increase in plcb2, plce1 and plcg1 mRNA expression. Meanwhile, U-73122 pre-treatment blunted the glucose-induced increase in sodium/glucose co-transporters 1/2 mRNA and protein expressions. U-73122 pre-treatment alleviated the glucose-induced increase in TAG content, BODIPY 493/503 fluorescence intensity, lipogenic enzymes (glucose 6-phospate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), malic enzyme and fatty acid synthase (FAS)) activity and the mRNA expressions of lipogenic genes and related transcription factors (6pgd, g6pd, fas, acca, srebp1 and carbohydrate response element-binding protein (chrebp)) in intestinal epithelial cells of yellow catfish. Further research found that U-73122 pre-incubation mitigated the glucose-induced increase in the ChREBP protein expression and the acetylation level of ChREBP in HEK293T cells. Taken together, these data demonstrated that the PLC played a major role in the glucose-induced changes of glucose transport and lipid metabolism and provide a new perspective for revealing the molecular mechanism of glucose-induced changes of intestinal glucose absorption, lipid deposition and metabolism.
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The Roles of Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein in the Relationship between Carbohydrate Intake and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112058. [PMID: 34769488 PMCID: PMC8584459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are macronutrients that serve as energy sources. Many studies have shown that carbohydrate intake is nonlinearly associated with mortality. Moreover, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) consumption is positively associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Accordingly, products with equal amounts of glucose and fructose have the worst effects on caloric intake, body weight gain, and glucose intolerance, suggesting that carbohydrate amount, kind, and form determine mortality. Understanding the role of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) in glucose and lipid metabolism will be beneficial for elucidating the harmful effects of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), as this glucose-activated transcription factor regulates glycolytic and lipogenic gene expression. Glucose and fructose coordinately supply the metabolites necessary for ChREBP activation and de novo lipogenesis. Chrebp overexpression causes fatty liver and lower plasma glucose levels, and ChREBP deletion prevents obesity and fatty liver. Intestinal ChREBP regulates fructose absorption and catabolism, and adipose-specific Chrebp-knockout mice show insulin resistance. ChREBP also regulates the appetite for sweets by controlling fibroblast growth factor 21, which promotes energy expenditure. Thus, ChREBP partly mimics the effects of carbohydrate, especially HFCS. The relationship between carbohydrate intake and diseases partly resembles those between ChREBP activity and diseases.
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Hyun J, Han J, Lee C, Yoon M, Jung Y. Pathophysiological Aspects of Alcohol Metabolism in the Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115717. [PMID: 34071962 PMCID: PMC8197869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a globally prevalent chronic liver disease caused by chronic or binge consumption of alcohol. The liver is the major organ that metabolizes alcohol; therefore, it is particularly sensitive to alcohol intake. Metabolites and byproducts generated during alcohol metabolism cause liver damage, leading to ALD via several mechanisms, such as impairing lipid metabolism, intensifying inflammatory reactions, and inducing fibrosis. Despite the severity of ALD, the development of novel treatments has been hampered by the lack of animal models that fully mimic human ALD. To overcome the current limitations of ALD studies and therapy development, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced liver injury. Hence, to provide insights into the progression of ALD, this review examines previous studies conducted on alcohol metabolism in the liver. There is a particular focus on the occurrence of ALD caused by hepatotoxicity originating from alcohol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Hyun
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jinsol Han
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea; (J.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Chanbin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea; (J.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Myunghee Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea;
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea; (J.H.); (C.L.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2262
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Nogales F, Cebadero O, Romero-Herrera I, Rua RM, Carreras O, Ojeda ML. Selenite supplementation modulates the hepatic metabolic sensors AMPK and SIRT1 in binge drinking exposed adolescent rats by avoiding oxidative stress. Food Funct 2021; 12:3022-3032. [PMID: 33710180 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02831b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking (BD) is the main alcohol consumption pattern among teenagers. Recently, oxidative stress (OS) generated by BD exposure has been related to hepatic metabolic deregulation and cardiovascular dysfunction. This study analyzed if BD by generating oxidative stress modulates the alteration in hepatic energy homeostasis through two important regulators of energy metabolism: the NAD+-dependent sirtuin deacetylase (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and if supplementation with the antioxidant selenium (Se) improves these metabolic disorders. Four groups of adolescent rats supplemented or not with Se (0.4 ppm) and exposed to intermittent i.p. BD were used. BD rats showed an increased AST/ALT ratio, total bilirubin in serum and lipid peroxidation in the liver. The BD rats also showed a higher abdominal/thoracic ratio and increased levels of TG, gluc, and chol compared to the control group, provoking an increase in mean blood pressure (MBP). This alcohol consumption pattern decreased hepatic Se deposits, cytoplasmic GPx activity, and GSH levels as well as the expressions of two metabolic sensors and the pAMPK/AMPK ratio. Se supplementation restored antioxidant parameters and decreased lipid oxidation, avoiding OS and improving the hepatic expression of pAMPK and SIRT1, contributing to the improvement of metabolic (better lipid profile and IRS-1 expression) and vascular function (lower MBP), and to the increase of hepatic functionality (lower AST/ALT ratio). All these actions decrease cardiometabolic risk factor development in the short and long term and could disrupt the relationship between BD and MS, two problems which are currently affecting adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Nogales
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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Adaptive and maladaptive roles for ChREBP in the liver and pancreatic islets. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100623. [PMID: 33812993 PMCID: PMC8102921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive sugar consumption is a contributor to the worldwide epidemic of cardiometabolic disease. Understanding mechanisms by which sugar is sensed and regulates metabolic processes may provide new opportunities to prevent and treat these epidemics. Carbohydrate Responsive-Element Binding Protein (ChREBP) is a sugar-sensing transcription factor that mediates genomic responses to changes in carbohydrate abundance in key metabolic tissues. Carbohydrate metabolites activate the canonical form of ChREBP, ChREBP-alpha, which stimulates production of a potent, constitutively active ChREBP isoform called ChREBP-beta. Carbohydrate metabolites and other metabolic signals may also regulate ChREBP activity via posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation, acetylation, and O-GlcNAcylation that can affect ChREBP’s cellular localization, stability, binding to cofactors, and transcriptional activity. In this review, we discuss mechanisms regulating ChREBP activity and highlight phenotypes and controversies in ChREBP gain- and loss-of-function genetic rodent models focused on the liver and pancreatic islets.
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An Overview of the Mechanism of Penthorum chinense Pursh on Alcoholic Fatty Liver. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4875764. [PMID: 33014105 PMCID: PMC7519454 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4875764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol liver disease (ALD) caused by excessive alcohol consumption is a progressive disease, and alcohol fatty liver disease is the primary stage. Currently, there is no approved drug for its treatment. Abstinence is the best way to heal, but patients' compliance is poor. Unlike other chronic diseases, alcohol fatty liver disease is not caused by nutritional deficiencies; it is caused by the molecular action of ingested alcohol and its metabolites. More and more studies have shown the potential of Penthorum chinense Pursh (PCP) in the clinical use of alcohol fatty liver treatment. The purpose of this paper is to reveal from the essence of PCP treatment of alcohol liver mechanism mainly by the ethanol dehydrogenase (ADH) and microsomal ethanol oxidation system-dependent cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) to exert antilipogenesis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and autophagy effects, with special emphasis on its mechanisms related to SIRT1/AMPK, KEAP-1/Nrf2, and TLR4/NF-κB. Overall, data from the literature shows that PCP appears to be a promising hepatoprotective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
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Zhao T, Yang SB, Chen GH, Xu YH, Xu YC, Luo Z. Dietary Glucose Increases Glucose Absorption and Lipid Deposition via SGLT1/2 Signaling and Acetylated ChREBP in the Intestine and Isolated Intestinal Epithelial Cells of Yellow Catfish. J Nutr 2020; 150:1790-1798. [PMID: 32470978 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary carbohydrate affects intestinal glucose absorption and lipid deposition, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. OBJECTIVES We used yellow catfish and their isolated intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to test the hypothesis that sodium/glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) 1/2 and acetylated carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) mediated glucose-induced changes in glucose absorption and lipid metabolism. METHODS Yellow catfish (mean ± SEM weight: 4.68 ± 0.02 g, 3 mo old, mixed sex) were fed diets containing 250 g carbohydrates/kg from glucose (G, control), corn starch (CS), sucrose (S), potato starch (PS), or dextrin (D) for 10 wk. IECs were isolated from different yellow catfish and incubated for 24 h in a control or glucose (15 mM) solution with or without a 2-h pretreatment with an inhibitor [sotagliflozin (LX-4211) or tubastatin A (TBSA)]. Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T cells) were transfected with a Flag-ChREBP plasmid to explore ChREBP acetylation. Triglyceride (TG) and glucose concentrations and enzymatic activities were measured in the intestine and IECs of yellow catfish. They also were subjected to immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, qPCR, and immunoblotting. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation were performed with HEK293T cells. RESULTS The G group had greater intestine TGs (0.99- to 2.30-fold); activities of glucose 6-phospate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase (0.12- to 2.10-fold); and expression of lipogenic genes (0.32- to 2.34-fold) than the CS, PS, and D groups. The G group had greater intestine sglt1/2 mRNA and protein expression than the CS, S and D groups (0.35- to 1.12-fold and 0.40- to 4.67-fold, respectively), but lower mRNA amounts of lipolytic genes (48.6%-65.8%) than the CS and PS groups. LX-4211 alleviated the glucose-induced increase in sglt1/2 mRNA (38.2%-47.4%) and SGLT1 protein (48.0%) expression, TGs (29.3%), and lipogenic enzyme activities (27.7%-42.1%) and gene expression (38.0%-55.5%) in the IECs. TBSA promoted the glucose-induced increase in TGs (11.3%), fatty acid synthase activity (32.6%), and lipogenic gene expression (21.6%-34.4%) in the IECs and acetylated ChREBP (10.5%) in HEK293T cells. CONCLUSIONS SGLT1/2 signaling and acetylated ChREBP mediated glucose-induced changes in glucose absorption and lipid metabolism in the intestine and IECs of yellow catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shui-Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Huan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Chuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Kim KM, Kim EJ, Jang WG. Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation via protein phosphatase 2A Cα dependent manner. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 124:105766. [PMID: 32416328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) is a major transcription factor of lipogenesis regulated by glucose status in the liver. However, the function of ChREBP in osteogenic differentiation is unclear. The present study examined the role of ChREBP in osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cell line. The mRNA expression of ChREBP, protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit-α (PP2A Cα) and the osteogenic genes such as, DNA-binding protein inhibitor (Id1), runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was measured by qPCR and RT-PCR. Runx2, ChREBP, and PP2A Cα, protein levels were evaluated by Western blotting. ALP staining experiment was carried out to evaluate ALP enzyme activity, and a luciferase reporter assay was performed to analyze Runx2 transcriptional activity. Expression of ChREBP and PP2A Cα did not change during bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2)-induced osteoblast differentiation. Overexpression of ChREBP reduced the osteogenic genes (Runx2 and ALP) expression and ALP activity, while knockdown of ChREBP had the opposite effects. Overexpression of PP2A Cα increased ChREBP expression, while inhibition of PP2A Cα using okadaic acid not only inhibited the expression of ChREBP, but also restored the mRNA and protein expression of Runx2 and activity of ALP enzyme. These results demonstrate that ChREBP inhibits BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation in a PP2A Cα- dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Min Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Department of Immunology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Gu Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Postic
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France.
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21
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Jeon S, Carr R. Alcohol effects on hepatic lipid metabolism. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:470-479. [PMID: 32029510 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r119000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most prevalent type of chronic liver disease with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. ALD begins with simple hepatic steatosis and progresses to alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The severity of hepatic steatosis is highly associated with the development of later stages of ALD. This review explores the disturbances of alcohol-induced hepatic lipid metabolism through altered hepatic lipid uptake, de novo lipid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, hepatic lipid export, and lipid droplet formation and catabolism. In addition, we review emerging data on the contributions of genetics and bioactive lipid metabolism in alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sookyoung Jeon
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rotonya Carr
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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22
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Softic S, Stanhope KL, Boucher J, Divanovic S, Lanaspa MA, Johnson RJ, Kahn CR. Fructose and hepatic insulin resistance. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 57:308-322. [PMID: 31935149 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1711360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive caloric intake in a form of high-fat diet (HFD) was long thought to be the major risk factor for development of obesity and its complications, such as fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. Recently, there has been a paradigm shift and more attention is attributed to the effects of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) as one of the culprits of the obesity epidemic. In this review, we present the data invoking fructose intake with development of hepatic insulin resistance in human studies and discuss the pathways by which fructose impairs hepatic insulin action in experimental animal models. First, we described well-characterized pathways by which fructose metabolism indirectly leads to hepatic insulin resistance. These include unequivocal effects of fructose to promote de novo lipogenesis (DNL), impair fatty acid oxidation (FAO), induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and trigger hepatic inflammation. Additionally, we entertained the hypothesis that fructose can directly impede insulin signaling in the liver. This appears to be mediated by reduced insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) expression, increased protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1b) activity, whereas knockdown of ketohexokinase (KHK), the rate-limiting enzyme of fructose metabolism, increased insulin sensitivity. In summary, dietary fructose intake strongly promotes hepatic insulin resistance via complex interplay of several metabolic pathways, at least some of which are independent of increased weight gain and caloric intake. The current evidence shows that the fructose, but not glucose, component of dietary sugar drives metabolic complications and contradicts the notion that fructose is merely a source of palatable calories that leads to increased weight gain and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Softic
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine and Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA.,Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Agius L, Chachra SS, Ford BE. The Protective Role of the Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein in the Liver: The Metabolite Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:594041. [PMID: 33281747 PMCID: PMC7705168 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.594041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Carbohydrate response element binding protein, ChREBP encoded by the MLXIPL gene, is a transcription factor that is expressed at high levels in the liver and has a prominent function during consumption of high-carbohydrate diets. ChREBP is activated by raised cellular levels of phosphate ester intermediates of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Its target genes include a wide range of enzymes and regulatory proteins, including G6pc, Gckr, Pklr, Prkaa1,2, and enzymes of lipogenesis. ChREBP activation cumulatively promotes increased disposal of phosphate ester intermediates to glucose, via glucose 6-phosphatase or to pyruvate via glycolysis with further metabolism by lipogenesis. Dietary fructose is metabolized in both the intestine and the liver and is more lipogenic than glucose. It also induces greater elevation in phosphate ester intermediates than glucose, and at high concentrations causes transient depletion of inorganic phosphate, compromised ATP homeostasis and degradation of adenine nucleotides to uric acid. ChREBP deficiency predisposes to fructose intolerance and compromised cellular phosphate ester and ATP homeostasis and thereby markedly aggravates the changes in metabolite levels caused by dietary fructose. The recent evidence that high fructose intake causes more severe hepatocyte damage in ChREBP-deficient models confirms the crucial protective role for ChREBP in maintaining intracellular phosphate homeostasis. The improved ATP homeostasis in hepatocytes isolated from mice after chronic activation of ChREBP with a glucokinase activator supports the role of ChREBP in the control of intracellular homeostasis. It is hypothesized that drugs that activate ChREBP confer a protective role in the liver particularly in compromised metabolic states.
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Abstract
The rising incidence of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) demands making urgent progress in understanding the fundamental molecular basis of alcohol-related hepatocellular damage. One of the key early events accompanying chronic alcohol usage is the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in the hepatocellular cytoplasm. LDs are far from inert sites of neutral lipid storage; rather, they represent key organelles that play vital roles in the metabolic state of the cell. In this review, we will examine the biology of these structures and outline recent efforts being made to understand the effects of alcohol exposure on the biogenesis, catabolism, and motility of LDs and how their dynamic nature is perturbed in the context of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Schulze
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. (R.J. Schulze)
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Distinct metabolic adaptation of liver circadian pathways to acute and chronic patterns of alcohol intake. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25250-25259. [PMID: 31757851 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911189116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking and chronic exposure to ethanol contribute to alcoholic liver diseases (ALDs). A potential link between ALDs and circadian disruption has been observed, though how different patterns of alcohol consumption differentially impact hepatic circadian metabolism remains virtually unexplored. Using acute versus chronic ethanol feeding, we reveal differential reprogramming of the circadian transcriptome in the liver. Specifically, rewiring of diurnal SREBP transcriptional pathway leads to distinct hepatic signatures in acetyl-CoA metabolism that are translated into the subcellular patterns of protein acetylation. Thus, distinct drinking patterns of alcohol dictate differential adaptation of hepatic circadian metabolism.
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Azizi M, Abbasi N, Mohamadpour M, Bakhtiyari S, Asadi S, Shirzadpour E, Aidy A, Mohamadpour M, Amraei M. Investigating the effect of Crocus sativus L. petal hydroalcoholic extract on inflammatory and enzymatic indices resulting from alcohol use in kidney and liver of male rats. J Inflamm Res 2019; 12:269-283. [PMID: 31632125 PMCID: PMC6790211 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s216125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that consumption of high levels of alcohol causes many negative effects on the liver and kidneys where antioxidant ingredients can be a proper solution to reducing the resulting damages. So, the present study investigated the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) petal with antioxidant properties on the changes in inflammatory and enzymatic indices resulting from alcohol use in the male rats’ kidney and liver. Materials and methods After preparing the extract, LD50 was determined and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to specify the type and the rate of the active ingredients of the extract. Then, 36 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n=6). The first group was only administered with normal saline and the second group only received ethyl alcohol 6 mL/kg/day·BW. The third and the fourth groups received ethyl alcohol 6 mL/kg/day·BW plus 167.5 and 335 mg/kg/day·BW saffron petal extract for 8 weeks. The fifth and the sixth groups received ethyl alcohol 6 mL/kg/day·BW for the first 8 weeks and were subsequently gavage fed on saffron extract for 167.5 and 335 mg/kg/day·BW, respectively, during the next 8 weeks. In the beginning and after the termination of the treatment, blood samples were collected from all rats. Results The LD50 of the extract was about 670 mg/kg. The HPLC results indicated that the extract contains important antioxidant ingredients. At the end of the study, the serum concentration of the inflammatory indices, renal enzymes, and hepatic enzymes experienced a significant reduction in all of the intervened groups compared to the negative control group (minimum significant difference: P<0.05) except for the treatment group 1. Conclusion Based on the current results, the extract has a protective effect in a dosage-dependent way and greater protective roles were documented for higher dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Azizi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Naser Abbasi
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mohamadpour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Salar Bakhtiyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sirous Asadi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ehsan Shirzadpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Aidy
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mohamadpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mansour Amraei
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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27
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Shen H, Jiang L, Lin JD, Omary MB, Rui L. Brown fat activation mitigates alcohol-induced liver steatosis and injury in mice. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2305-2317. [PMID: 30888335 DOI: 10.1172/jci124376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption causes liver injury, inflammation and fibrosis, thereby increasing morbidity and mortality. Paradoxically, modest drinking is believed to confer metabolic improvement, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we have identified a novel hepatoprotective brain/brown adipose tissue (BAT)/liver axis. Alcohol consumption or direct alcohol administration into the brain stimulated hypothalamic neural circuits and sympathetic nerves innervating BAT, and dramatically increased BAT uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) expression and activity in a BAT sympathetic nerve-dependent manner. BAT and beige fat oxidized fatty acids to fuel Ucp1-mediated thermogenesis, thereby inhibiting lipid trafficking into the liver. BAT also secreted several adipokines, including adiponectin that suppressed hepatocyte injury and death. Genetic deletion of Ucp1 profoundly augmented alcohol-induced liver steatosis, injury, inflammation and fibrosis in male and female mice. Conversely, activation of BAT and beige fat through cold exposure suppressed alcoholic liver disease development. Our results unravel an unrecognized brain alcohol-sensing/sympathetic nerve/BAT/liver axis that counteracts liver steatosis and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, and
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Zhang D, Tong X, Nelson BB, Jin E, Sit J, Charney N, Yang M, Omary MB, Yin L. The hepatic BMAL1/AKT/lipogenesis axis protects against alcoholic liver disease in mice via promoting PPARα pathway. Hepatology 2018; 68:883-896. [PMID: 29534306 PMCID: PMC6428639 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol liver disease (ALD) is one of the major chronic liver diseases worldwide, ranging from fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and potentially, hepatocellular carcinoma. Epidemiological studies suggest a potential link between ALD and impaired circadian rhythms, but the role of hepatic circadian proteins in the pathogenesis of ALD remains unknown. Here we show that the circadian clock protein BMAL1 in hepatocytes is both necessary and sufficient to protect mice from ALD. Ethanol diet-fed mice with liver-specific knockout (Bmal1-LKO) or depletion of Bmal1 develop more severe liver steatosis and injury as well as a simultaneous suppression of both de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, which can be rescued by the supplementation of synthetic PPARα ligands. Restoring de novo lipogenesis in the liver of Bmal1-LKO mice by constitutively active AKT not only elevates hepatic fatty acid oxidation but also alleviates ethanol-induced fatty liver and liver injury. Furthermore, hepatic over-expression of lipogenic transcription factor ChREBP, but not SREBP-1c, in the liver of Bmal1-LKO mice also increases fatty acid oxidation and partially reduces ethanol-induced fatty liver and liver injury. Conclusion: we identified a protective role of BMAL1 in hepatocytes against ALD. The protective action of BMAL1 during alcohol consumption depends on its ability to couple ChREBP-induced de novo lipogenesis with PPARα-mediated fatty oxidation. (Hepatology 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Bradley B Nelson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ethan Jin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Julian Sit
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nicholas Charney
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Meichan Yang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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Iroz A, Montagner A, Benhamed F, Levavasseur F, Polizzi A, Anthony E, Régnier M, Fouché E, Lukowicz C, Cauzac M, Tournier E, Do-Cruzeiro M, Daujat-Chavanieu M, Gerbal-Chalouin S, Fauveau V, Marmier S, Burnol AF, Guilmeau S, Lippi Y, Girard J, Wahli W, Dentin R, Guillou H, Postic C. A Specific ChREBP and PPARα Cross-Talk Is Required for the Glucose-Mediated FGF21 Response. Cell Rep 2018; 21:403-416. [PMID: 29020627 PMCID: PMC5643524 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While the physiological benefits of the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) hepatokine are documented in response to fasting, little information is available on Fgf21 regulation in a glucose-overload context. We report that peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a nuclear receptor of the fasting response, is required with the carbohydrate-sensitive transcription factor carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) to balance FGF21 glucose response. Microarray analysis indicated that only a few hepatic genes respond to fasting and glucose similarly to Fgf21. Glucose-challenged Chrebp−/− mice exhibit a marked reduction in FGF21 production, a decrease that was rescued by re-expression of an active ChREBP isoform in the liver of Chrebp−/− mice. Unexpectedly, carbohydrate challenge of hepatic Pparα knockout mice also demonstrated a PPARα-dependent glucose response for Fgf21 that was associated with an increased sucrose preference. This blunted response was due to decreased Fgf21 promoter accessibility and diminished ChREBP binding onto Fgf21 carbohydrate-responsive element (ChoRE) in hepatocytes lacking PPARα. Our study reports that PPARα is required for the ChREBP-induced glucose response of FGF21. Fgf21 is a unique hepatic gene inducible by both catabolic and anabolic signals The ChREBP-mediated induction of Fgf21 in hepatocytes requires PPARα Loss of PPARα impairs Fgf21 promoter accessibility at the ChoRE PPARα is required for the control of sucrose preference in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Iroz
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse 31027, France
| | - Fadila Benhamed
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Françoise Levavasseur
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse 31027, France
| | - Elodie Anthony
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Marion Régnier
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse 31027, France
| | - Edwin Fouché
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse 31027, France
| | - Céline Lukowicz
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse 31027, France
| | - Michèle Cauzac
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Emilie Tournier
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Marcio Do-Cruzeiro
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Martine Daujat-Chavanieu
- INSERM, U1183, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, UMR 1183, Montpellier, France; CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabine Gerbal-Chalouin
- INSERM, U1183, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, UMR 1183, Montpellier, France; CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Fauveau
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Solenne Marmier
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Burnol
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Sandra Guilmeau
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse 31027, France
| | - Jean Girard
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Walter Wahli
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse 31027, France; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Renaud Dentin
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse 31027, France.
| | - Catherine Postic
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France.
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30
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Bertola A. WITHDRAWN: Rodent models of fatty liver diseases. LIVER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ali I, Conrad RJ, Verdin E, Ott M. Lysine Acetylation Goes Global: From Epigenetics to Metabolism and Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1216-1252. [PMID: 29405707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational acetylation of lysine residues has emerged as a key regulatory mechanism in all eukaryotic organisms. Originally discovered in 1963 as a unique modification of histones, acetylation marks are now found on thousands of nonhistone proteins located in virtually every cellular compartment. Here we summarize key findings in the field of protein acetylation over the past 20 years with a focus on recent discoveries in nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial compartments. Collectively, these findings have elevated protein acetylation as a major post-translational modification, underscoring its physiological relevance in gene regulation, cell signaling, metabolism, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibraheem Ali
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology , San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,University of California, San Francisco , Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ryan J Conrad
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology , San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,University of California, San Francisco , Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging , Novato, California 94945, United States
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology , San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,University of California, San Francisco , Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is robustly induced by ethanol and has a protective role in ethanol associated liver injury. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1395-1406. [PMID: 29107287 PMCID: PMC5681240 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Excess ethanol consumption has serious pathologic consequences. In humans, repeated episodes of binge drinking can lead to liver damage and have adverse effects on other organs such as pancreas and brain. Long term chronic consumption of ethanol can also result in progressive alcoholic liver disease and cirrhosis. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic regulator with multiple physiologic functions. FGF21 is a novel biomarker for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans and limits hepatotoxicity in mice. Therefore, we explored the possibility that FGF21 plays a role in response to ethanol consumption in both humans and mice. Methods We used a binge drinking paradigm in humans to examine the effect of acute ethanol consumption on circulating FGF21. We adapted this paradigm to evaluate the acute response to ethanol in mice. We then examined the role of FGF21 on liver pathology in two models of chronic ethanol consumption in both wild type (WT) mice and mice lacking FGF21 (FGF21-KO). Results Acute ethanol consumption resulted in a robust induction of serum FGF21 after 6 h in both humans and mice. Serum ethanol peaked at 1 h in both species and was cleared by 6 h. Ethanol clearance was the same in WT and FGF21-KO mice, indicating that FGF21 does not play a major role in ethanol metabolism in a binge paradigm. When FGF21-KO mice were fed the Lieber–DeCarli diet, a high fat diet supplemented with ethanol, a higher mortality was observed compared to WT mice after 16 days on the diet. When FGF21-KO mice consumed 30% ethanol in drinking water, along with a normal chow diet, there was no mortality observed even after 16 weeks, but the FGF21-KO mice had significant liver pathology compared to WT mice. Conclusions Acute or binge ethanol consumption significantly increases circulating FGF21 levels in both humans and mice. However, FGF21 does not play a role in acute ethanol clearance. In contrast, chronic ethanol consumption in the absence of FGF21 is associated with significant liver pathology alone or in combination with excess mortality, depending on the type of diet consumed with ethanol. This suggests that FGF21 protects against long term ethanol induced hepatic damage and may attenuate progression of alcoholic liver disease. Further study is required to assess the therapeutic potential of FGF21 in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. Binge ethanol consumption robustly increases circulating FGF21 levels in both humans and mice. FGF21 does not play a role in ethanol clearance which is the same in WT and FGF21-KO mice. In mice lacking FGF21, in two models of ethanol consumption there was either excess mortality or excess hepatic damage and inflammation. These data suggest the FGF21 may have potential therapeutic value for alcoholic liver disease.
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Abdul-Wahed A, Guilmeau S, Postic C. Sweet Sixteenth for ChREBP: Established Roles and Future Goals. Cell Metab 2017; 26:324-341. [PMID: 28768172 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With the identification of ChREBP in 2001, our interest in understanding the molecular control of carbohydrate sensing has surged. While ChREBP was initially studied as a master regulator of lipogenesis in liver and fat tissue, it is now clear that ChREBP functions as a central metabolic coordinator in a variety of cell types in response to environmental and hormonal signals, with wide implications in health and disease. Celebrating its sweet sixteenth birthday, we review here the current knowledge about the function and regulation of ChREBP throughout usual and less explored tissues, to recapitulate ChREBP's role as a whole-body glucose sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Abdul-Wahed
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Guilmeau
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.
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35
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Ding RB, Bao J, Deng CX. Emerging roles of SIRT1 in fatty liver diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:852-867. [PMID: 28808418 PMCID: PMC5555103 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.19370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver diseases, which are commonly associated with high-fat/calorie diet, heavy alcohol consumption and/or other metabolic disorder causes, lead to serious medical concerns worldwide in recent years. It has been demonstrated that metabolic homeostasis disruption is most likely to be responsible for this global epidemic. Sirtuins are a group of conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) dependent histone and/or protein deacetylases belonging to the silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) family. Among seven mammalian sirtuins, sirtuin 1 (SIRT 1) is the most extensively studied one and is involved in both alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. SIRT1 plays beneficial roles in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, controlling hepatic oxidative stress and mediating hepatic inflammation through deacetylating some transcriptional regulators against the progression of fatty liver diseases. Here we summarize the latest advances of the biological roles of SIRT1 in regulating lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver, and discuss the potential of SIRT1 as a therapeutic target for treating alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Bo Ding
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Jiaolin Bao
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
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36
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Elhassan YS, Philp AA, Lavery GG. Targeting NAD+ in Metabolic Disease: New Insights Into an Old Molecule. J Endocr Soc 2017; 1:816-835. [PMID: 29264533 PMCID: PMC5686634 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an established cofactor for enzymes serving cellular metabolic reactions. More recent research identified NAD+ as a signaling molecule and substrate for sirtuins and poly-adenosine 5'-diphosphate polymerases; enzymes that regulate protein deacetylation and DNA repair, and translate changes in energy status into metabolic adaptations. Deranged NAD+ homeostasis and concurrent alterations in mitochondrial function are intrinsic in metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver, and age-related diseases. Contemporary NAD+ precursors show promise as nutraceuticals to restore target tissue NAD+ and have demonstrated the ability to improve mitochondrial function and sirtuin-dependent signaling. This review discusses the accumulating evidence for targeting NAD+ metabolism in metabolic disease, maps the different strategies for NAD+ boosting, and addresses the challenges and open questions in the field. The health potential of targeting NAD+ homeostasis will inform clinical study design to identify nutraceutical approaches for combating metabolic disease and the unwanted effects of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir S. Elhassan
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew A. Philp
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth G. Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Zhang D, Tong X, VanDommelen K, Gupta N, Stamper K, Brady GF, Meng Z, Lin J, Rui L, Omary MB, Yin L. Lipogenic transcription factor ChREBP mediates fructose-induced metabolic adaptations to prevent hepatotoxicity. J Clin Invest 2017. [PMID: 28628040 DOI: 10.1172/jci89934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic and animal studies implicate overconsumption of fructose in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, but the molecular mechanisms underlying fructose-induced chronic liver diseases remain largely unknown. Here, we have presented evidence supporting the essential function of the lipogenic transcription factor carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) in mediating adaptive responses to fructose and protecting against fructose-induced hepatotoxicity. In WT mice, a high-fructose diet (HFrD) activated hepatic lipogenesis in a ChREBP-dependent manner; however, in Chrebp-KO mice, a HFrD induced steatohepatitis. In Chrebp-KO mouse livers, a HFrD reduced levels of molecular chaperones and activated the C/EBP homologous protein-dependent (CHOP-dependent) unfolded protein response, whereas administration of a chemical chaperone or Chop shRNA rescued liver injury. Elevated expression levels of cholesterol biosynthesis genes in HFrD-fed Chrebp-KO livers were paralleled by an increased nuclear abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2). Atorvastatin-mediated inhibition of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis or depletion of hepatic Srebp2 reversed fructose-induced liver injury in Chrebp-KO mice. Mechanistically, we determined that ChREBP binds to nuclear SREBP2 to promote its ubiquitination and destabilization in cultured cells. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that ChREBP provides hepatoprotection against a HFrD by preventing overactivation of cholesterol biosynthesis and the subsequent CHOP-mediated, proapoptotic unfolded protein response. Our findings also identified a role for ChREBP in regulating SREBP2-dependent cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyle VanDommelen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Neil Gupta
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kenneth Stamper
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Graham F Brady
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhuoxian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiandie Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Richards P, Ourabah S, Montagne J, Burnol AF, Postic C, Guilmeau S. MondoA/ChREBP: The usual suspects of transcriptional glucose sensing; Implication in pathophysiology. Metabolism 2017; 70:133-151. [PMID: 28403938 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the Mondo glucose-responsive transcription factors family, including the MondoA and MondoB/ChREBP paralogs, has shed light on the mechanism whereby glucose affects gene transcription. They have clearly emerged, in recent years, as key mediators of glucose sensing by multiple cell types. MondoA and ChREBP have overlapping yet distinct expression profiles, which underlie their downstream targets and separate roles in regulating genes involved in glucose metabolism. MondoA can restrict glucose uptake and influences energy utilization in skeletal muscle, while ChREBP signals energy storage through de novo lipogenesis in liver and white adipose tissue. Because Mondo proteins mediate metabolic adaptations to changing glucose levels, a better understanding of cellular glucose sensing through Mondo proteins will likely uncover new therapeutic opportunities in the context of the imbalanced glucose homeostasis that accompanies metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cancer. Here, we provide an overview of structural homologies, transcriptional partners as well as the nutrient and hormonal mechanisms underlying Mondo proteins regulation. We next summarize their relative contribution to energy metabolism changes in physiological states and the evolutionary conservation of these pathways. Finally, we discuss their possible targeting in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Richards
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Ourabah
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Montagne
- Institut for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, CEA, UMR 9198, F-91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Burnol
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Guilmeau
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Gariani K, Ryu D, Menzies KJ, Yi HS, Stein S, Zhang H, Perino A, Lemos V, Katsyuba E, Jha P, Vijgen S, Rubbia-Brandt L, Kim YK, Kim JT, Kim KS, Shong M, Schoonjans K, Auwerx J. Inhibiting poly ADP-ribosylation increases fatty acid oxidation and protects against fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2017; 66:132-141. [PMID: 27663419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To date, no pharmacological therapy has been approved for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in mouse models of NAFLD. METHODS As poly ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) of proteins by PARPs consumes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), we hypothesized that overactivation of PARPs drives NAD+ depletion in NAFLD. Therefore, we assessed the effectiveness of PARP inhibition to replenish NAD+ and activate NAD+-dependent sirtuins, hence improving hepatic fatty acid oxidation. To do this, we examined the preventive and therapeutic benefits of the PARP inhibitor (PARPi), olaparib, in different models of NAFLD. RESULTS The induction of NAFLD in C57BL/6J mice using a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS)-diet increased PARylation of proteins by PARPs. As such, increased PARylation was associated with reduced NAD+ levels and mitochondrial function and content, which was concurrent with elevated hepatic lipid content. HFHS diet supplemented with PARPi reversed NAFLD through repletion of NAD+, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and β-oxidation in liver. Furthermore, PARPi reduced reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress and fibrosis. The benefits of PARPi treatment were confirmed in mice fed with a methionine- and choline-deficient diet and in mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis; PARP activation was attenuated and the development of hepatic injury was delayed in both models. Using Sirt1hep-/- mice, the beneficial effects of a PARPi-supplemented HFHS diet were found to be Sirt1-dependent. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a novel and practical pharmacological approach for treating NAFLD, fueling optimism for potential clinical studies. LAY SUMMARY Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now considered to be the most common liver disease in the Western world and has no approved pharmacological therapy. PARP inhibitors given as a treatment in two different mouse models of NAFLD confer a protection against its development. PARP inhibitors may therefore represent a novel and practical pharmacological approach for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Gariani
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Keir J Menzies
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Rd, K1H 8M5 Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Sokrates Stein
- Metabolic Signaling, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Perino
- Metabolic Signaling, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vera Lemos
- Metabolic Signaling, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Katsyuba
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pooja Jha
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Vijgen
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Laura Rubbia-Brandt
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Yong Kyung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Metabolic Signaling, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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40
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Zhang N, Hu Y, Ding C, Zeng W, Shan W, Fan H, Zhao Y, Shi X, Gao L, Xu T, Wang R, Gao D, Yao J. Salvianolic acid B protects against chronic alcoholic liver injury via SIRT1-mediated inhibition of CRP and ChREBP in rats. Toxicol Lett 2016; 267:1-10. [PMID: 27989594 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a water-soluble polyphenol extracted from Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been reported to possess many pharmacological activities. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of SalB in chronic alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and explored the related signaling mechanisms. In vivo, SalB treatment significantly attenuated ethanol-induced liver injury by blocking the elevation of serum aminotransferase activities and markedly decreased hepatic lipid accumulation by reducing serum and liver triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels. Moreover, SalB treatment ameliorated ethanol-induced hepatic inflammation by decreasing the levels of hepatotoxic cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Importantly, SalB pretreatment significantly increased the expression of SIRT1 and downregulated the expression of inflammatory mediator C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipoprotein carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP). In vitro, SalB significantly reversed ethanol-induced down-regulation of SIRT1 and increased CRP and ChREBP expression. Interestingly, the effects of SalB on SIRT1, CRP and ChREBP were mostly abolished by treatment with either SIRT1 siRNA or EX527, a specific inhibitor of SIRT1, indicating that SalB decreased CRP and ChREBP expression by activating SIRT1. SalB exerted anti-steatotic and anti-inflammatory effects against alcoholic liver injury by inducing SIRT1-mediated inhibition of CRP and ChREBP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Chunchun Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Wenjing Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Wen Shan
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xue Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ruiwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Dongyan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Salidroside Regulates Inflammatory Response in Raw 264.7 Macrophages via TLR4/TAK1 and Ameliorates Inflammation in Alcohol Binge Drinking-Induced Liver Injury. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111490. [PMID: 27834881 PMCID: PMC6272831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of salidroside (SDS) and the underlying mechanism by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro and a mouse model of binge drinking-induced liver injury in vivo. SDS downregulated protein expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14. SDS inhibited LPS-triggered phosphorylation of LPS-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), p38, c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Degradation of IκB-α and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB were effectively blocked by SDS. SDS concentration-dependently suppressed LPS mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein levels, as well as their downstream products, NO. SDS significantly inhibited protein secretion and mRNA expression of of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Additionally C57BL/6 mice were orally administrated SDS for continuous 5 days, followed by three gavages of ethanol every 30 min. Alcohol binge drinking caused the increasing of hepatic lipid accumulation and serum transaminases levels. SDS pretreatment significantly alleviated liver inflammatory changes and serum transaminases levels. Further investigation indicated that SDS markedly decreased protein level of IL-1β in serum. Taken together, these data implied that SDS inhibits liver inflammation both in vitro and in vivo, and may be a promising candidate for the treatment of inflammatory liver injury.
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42
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Yu JH, Song SJ, Kim A, Choi Y, Seok JW, Kim HJ, Lee YJ, Lee KS, Kim JW. Suppression of PPARγ-mediated monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 expression ameliorates alcoholic hepatic steatosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29352. [PMID: 27404390 PMCID: PMC4941543 DOI: 10.1038/srep29352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is one of the major causes of hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and superimposed hepatocellular carcinoma. Ethanol metabolism alters the NAD(+)/NADH ratio, thereby suppressing the activity of sirtuin family proteins, which may affect lipid metabolism in liver cells. However, it is not clear how long-term ingestion of ethanol eventually causes lipid accumulation in liver. Here, we demonstrate that chronic ethanol ingestion activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and its target gene, monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (MGAT1). During ethanol metabolism, a low NAD(+)/NADH ratio repressed NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity, concomitantly resulting in increased acetylated PPARγ with high transcriptional activity. Accordingly, SIRT1 transgenic mice exhibited a low level of acetylated PPARγ and were protected from hepatic steatosis driven by alcohol or PPARγ2 overexpression, suggesting that ethanol metabolism causes lipid accumulation through activation of PPARγ through acetylation. Among the genes induced by PPARγ upon alcohol consumption, MGAT1 has been shown to be involved in triglyceride synthesis. Thus, we tested the effect of MGAT1 knockdown in mice following ethanol consumption, and found a significant reduction in alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. These results suggest that MGAT1 may afford a promising approach to the treatment of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Integrated Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Su Jin Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Integrated Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Ara Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Integrated Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Integrated Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Jo Woon Seok
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Integrated Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Integrated Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Yoo Jeong Lee
- Division of Metabolic Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-951, Korea
| | - Kwan Sik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Integrated Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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43
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Ju C, Liangpunsakul S. Role of hepatic macrophages in alcoholic liver disease. J Investig Med 2016; 64:1075-7. [PMID: 27382116 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption can lead to the increase in gut permeability and cause the translocation of bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharides from the gut to the liver, which subsequently activates immune responses. In this process, macrophages play a critical role and involve in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). To define the mechanism underpinning the function of macrophages, it is important to conduct extensive studies to further explicate the phenotypic diversity of macrophages in the context of ALD. In this review, the role of hepatic macrophages in the pathogenesis of ALD is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Ju
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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44
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Neyrinck AM, Etxeberria U, Taminiau B, Daube G, Van Hul M, Everard A, Cani PD, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM. Rhubarb extract prevents hepatic inflammation induced by acute alcohol intake, an effect related to the modulation of the gut microbiota. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 26990039 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Binge consumption of alcohol is an alarming global health problem. Acute ethanol intoxication is characterized by hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress, which could be promoted by gut barrier function alterations. In this study, we have tested the hypothesis of the hepatoprotective effect of rhubarb extract in a mouse model of binge drinking and we explored the contribution of the gut microbiota in the related metabolic effects. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were fed a control diet supplemented with or without 0.3% rhubarb extract for 17 days and were necropsied 6 h after an alcohol challenge. Supplementation with rhubarb extract changed the microbial ecosystem (assessed by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing) in favor of Akkermansia muciniphila and Parabacteroides goldsteinii. Furthermore, it improved alcohol-induced hepatic injury, downregulated key markers of both inflammatory and oxidative stresses in the liver tissue, without affecting significantly steatosis. In the gut, rhubarb supplementation increased crypt depth, tissue weight, and the expression of antimicrobial peptides. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that some bacterial genders involved in gut barrier function, are promoted by phytochemicals present in rhubarb extract, and could therefore be involved in the modulation of the susceptibility to hepatic diseases linked to acute alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M Neyrinck
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Usune Etxeberria
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health-Department of Food Sciences, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health-Department of Food Sciences, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Everard
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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45
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Wilkin RJW, Lalor PF, Parker R, Newsome PN. Murine Models of Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis and Their Relevance to Human Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:748-60. [PMID: 26835538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced liver damage is a major burden for most societies, and murine studies can provide a means to better understand its pathogenesis and test new therapies. However, there are many models reported with widely differing phenotypes, not all of which fully regenerate the spectrum of human disease. Thus, it is important to understand the implications of these variations to efficiently model human disease. This review critically appraises key articles in the field, detailing the spectrum of liver damage seen in different models, and how they relate to the phenotype of disease seen in patients. A range of different methods of alcohol administration have been studied, ranging from ad libitum consumption of alcohol and water to modified diets (eg, Lieber deCarli liquid diet). Other feeding regimens have taken more invasive routes using intragastric feeding tubes to infuse alcohol directly into the stomach. Notably, models using wild-type mice generally produce a milder phenotype of liver damage than those using genetically modified mice, with the exception of the chronic binge-feeding model. We recommend panels of tests for consideration to standardize end points for the evaluation of the severity of liver damage-key for comparison of models of injury, testing of new therapies, and subsequent translation of findings into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J W Wilkin
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Parker
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Philip N Newsome
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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46
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Gariani K, Menzies KJ, Ryu D, Wegner CJ, Wang X, Ropelle ER, Moullan N, Zhang H, Perino A, Lemos V, Kim B, Park Y, Piersigilli A, Pham TX, Yang Y, Ku CS, Koo SI, Fomitchova A, Cantó C, Schoonjans K, Sauve AA, Lee J, Auwerx J. Eliciting the mitochondrial unfolded protein response by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide repletion reverses fatty liver disease in mice. Hepatology 2016; 63:1190-204. [PMID: 26404765 PMCID: PMC4805450 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED With no approved pharmacological treatment, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries and its worldwide prevalence continues to increase along with the growing obesity epidemic. Here, we show that a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet, eliciting chronic hepatosteatosis resembling human fatty liver, lowers hepatic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+) ) levels driving reductions in hepatic mitochondrial content, function, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, in conjunction with robust increases in hepatic weight, lipid content, and peroxidation in C57BL/6J mice. To assess the effect of NAD(+) repletion on the development of steatosis in mice, nicotinamide riboside, a precursor of NAD(+) biosynthesis, was added to the HFHS diet, either as a preventive strategy or as a therapeutic intervention. We demonstrate that NR prevents and reverts NAFLD by inducing a sirtuin (SIRT)1- and SIRT3-dependent mitochondrial unfolded protein response, triggering an adaptive mitohormetic pathway to increase hepatic β-oxidation and mitochondrial complex content and activity. The cell-autonomous beneficial component of NR treatment was revealed in liver-specific Sirt1 knockout mice (Sirt1(hep-/-) ), whereas apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (Apoe(-/-) ) challenged with a high-fat high-cholesterol diet affirmed the use of NR in other independent models of NAFLD. CONCLUSION Our data warrant the future evaluation of NAD(+) boosting strategies to manage the development or progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Gariani
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Keir J. Menzies
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland,Interdisciplinary School of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Casey J. Wegner
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Xu Wang
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Eduardo R. Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied ScienceUniversity of CampinasLimeiraSão PauloBrazil
| | - Norman Moullan
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Alessia Perino
- Metabolic SignalingÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Vera Lemos
- School of Life SciencesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Bohkyung Kim
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Young‐Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- School of Life SciencesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland,Institute of Animal PathologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Tho X. Pham
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Chai Siah Ku
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Sung I. Koo
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Anna Fomitchova
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Carlos Cantó
- Nestlé Institute of Health SciencesLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- School of Life SciencesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - Ji‐Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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47
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Chen LY, Chen Q, Cheng YF, Jin HH, Kong DS, Zhang F, Wu L, Shao JJ, Zheng SZ. Diallyl trisulfide attenuates ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 79:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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48
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Liangpunsakul S. Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein, Sirtuin 1, and ethanol metabolism: a complicated network in alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis. Hepatology 2015; 62:994-6. [PMID: 26044569 PMCID: PMC4589457 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of
Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine and Roudebush Veterans
Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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49
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Park JM, Jo SH, Kim MY, Kim TH, Ahn YH. Role of transcription factor acetylation in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. Protein Cell 2015; 6:804-13. [PMID: 26334401 PMCID: PMC4624674 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-015-0204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of transcription factors play a crucial role in regulating metabolic homeostasis. These modifications include phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. Recent studies have shed light on the importance of lysine acetylation at nonhistone proteins including transcription factors. Acetylation of transcription factors affects subcellular distribution, DNA affinity, stability, transcriptional activity, and current investigations are aiming to further expand our understanding of the role of lysine acetylation of transcription factors. In this review, we summarize recent studies that provide new insights into the role of protein lysine-acetylation in the transcriptional regulation of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Man Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Jo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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Gu J, Zhang Y, Xu D, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Pan Y, Cao P, Wang Z, Chen Y. Ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis is modulated by glycogen level in the liver. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1329-39. [PMID: 26022806 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m056978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major health problem worldwide and hepatic steatosis is an early response to alcohol consumption. Fat and glycogen are two major forms of energy storage in the liver; however, whether glycogen metabolism in the liver impacts alcohol-induced steatosis has been elusive. In this study, we used a mouse model with overexpression of PPP1R3G in the liver to dissect the potential role of glycogen on alcohol-induced fatty liver formation. PPP1R3G is a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 and stimulates glycogenesis in the liver. Chronic and binge ethanol (EtOH) feeding reduced glycogen level in the mouse liver and such inhibitory effect of EtOH was reversed by PPP1R3G overexpression. In addition, PPP1R3G overexpression abrogated EtOH-induced elevation of serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, increase in liver triglyceride concentration, and lipid deposition in the liver. EtOH-stimulated sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c, a master regulator of lipogenesis, was also reduced by PPP1R3G overexpression in vivo. In AML-12 mouse hepatocytes, PPP1R3G overexpression could relieve EtOH-induced lipid accumulation and SREBP-1c stimulation. In conclusion, our data indicate that glycogen metabolism is closely linked to EtOH-induced liver injury and fatty liver formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yongxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Daqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Peijuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
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