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Liu Y, Huang W, Dai K, Liu N, Wang J, Lu X, Ma J, Zhang M, Xu M, Long X, Liu J, Kou Y. Inflammatory response of gut, spleen, and liver in mice induced by orally administered Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2088936. [PMID: 35756539 PMCID: PMC9225697 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2088936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a primary periopathogen in the initiation and development of periodontal disease. Evidence has shown that P. gingivalis is associated with systemic diseases, including IBD and fatty liver disease. Inflammatory response is a key feature of diseases related to this species. Methods C57BL/6 mice were administered either PBS, or P. gingivalis. After 9 weeks, the inflammatory response in gut, spleen, and liver was analyzed. Results The findings revealed significant disturbance of the intestinal microbiota and increased inflammatory factors in the gut of P. gingivalis-administered mice. Administrated P. gingivalis remarkably promoted the secretion of IRF-1 and activated the inflammatory pathway IFN-γ/STAT1 in the spleen. Histologically, mice treated with P. gingivalis exhibited hepatocyte damage and lipid deposition. The inflammatory factors IL-17a, IL-6, and ROR-γt were also upregulated in the liver of mice fed with P. gingivalis. Lee’s index, spleen index, and liver index were also increased. Conclusion These results suggest that administrated P. gingivalis evokes inflammation in gut, spleen, and liver, which might promote the progression of various systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingman Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenkai Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ke Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Lishui University School of Medicine, Lishui, Zhejing, China
| | - Ni Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoying Lu
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengqi Xu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Long
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yurong Kou
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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2
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An Update of Research Animal Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:7479540. [PMID: 34938152 PMCID: PMC8687830 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7479540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic disorders that includes two main disease forms, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. The understanding of the intestinal inflammation occurring in IBD has been immeasurably advanced by the development of the now numerous murine models of intestinal inflammation. The usefulness of this research tool in IBD arises from a convergence of underlying genetic susceptibility, immune system dysfunction, environmental factors, and shifts in gut microbiota. Due to the multifactorial feature of these diseases, different animal models have been used to investigate the underlying mechanisms and develop potential therapeutic strategies. The results of preclinical efficacy studies often inform the progression of therapeutic strategies. This review describes the distinct feature and limitations of each murine IBD model and discusses the previous and current lessons from the IBD models.
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3
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Xia Y, Tian LM, Liu Y, Guo KS, Lv M, Li QT, Hao SY, Ma CH, Chen YX, Tanaka M, Bai WB, Qiu CH. Low Dose of Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside Alleviated Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis, Mediated by CD169+ Macrophage Pathway. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:1510-1521. [PMID: 31107535 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease of the intestinal tract in which excessive activation of inflammatory response is correlated. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is a powerful anti-inflammatory agent, widely existing in fruits and vegetables. However, the role of C3G has rarely been investigated in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. METHODS In an attempt to elucidate the possible mechanism of IBD and develop new efficient therapeutic methods for colitis, we evaluated the effects of C3G on DSS-induced colitis. DSS-induced colitic C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneal injected with 1ug C3G or phosphate buffer every 2 days, a total of 3 times; the changes in macrophages and regular T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Cytokines and chemokines were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The results showed that C3G treatment did not cause changes in body weight and colon length as much as those of DSS-treated mice only. Cytokine expression levels such as interleukin (IL)- 6, IL-1β, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ (IFN γ) in colons and mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) from C3G-treated mice were lower than those from colitic mice. Meanwhile, C3G injection inhibited the decrease in CCL22 levels and Tregs induction in colitic mice. Furthermore, the activation of macrophages by LPS and increase of CD169+ cells induced by type I IFN could be inhibited by C3G directly in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The study is the first to demonstrate strong effects of C3G to alleviate DSS-induced colonic damage in mice. The effect of C3G on DSS-induced colitis clearly showed a decrease of CD169+ macrophages in both the colon and mLNs. An increase of CD169+ cells induced by type I IFN could be inhibited by C3G. All these data suggest that the role of C3G in colitic inflammation was mediated at least partially by CD169+ cells and the type I IFN pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling-Min Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kang-Shun Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Min Lv
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiu-Ting Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sheng-Yu Hao
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chun-Hong Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yao-Xing Chen
- Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Bin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Hong Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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4
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Bsat M, Chapuy L, Rubio M, Wassef R, Richard C, Schwenter F, Loungnarath R, Soucy G, Mehta H, Sarfati M. Differential Pathogenic Th17 Profile in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Patients. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1177. [PMID: 31191543 PMCID: PMC6547831 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The drug targets IL23 and IL12 regulate pathogenicity and plasticity of intestinal Th17 cells in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two most common inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, studies examining Th17 dysregulation in mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) of these patients are rare. We showed that in mLNs, CD could be distinguished from UC by increased frequencies of CCR6+CXCR3−RORγ+Tbet−CD4+ (Th17) memory T cells enriched in CD62Llow effector memory T cells (TEM), and their differentially expressed molecular profile. Th17 TEM cells (expressing IL17A, IL17F, RORC, and STAT3) displayed a higher pathogenic/cytotoxic (IL23R, IL18RAP, and GZMB, CD160, PRF1) gene signature in CD relative to UC, while non-pathogenic/regulatory genes (IL9, FOXP3, CTLA4) were more elevated in UC. In both CD and UC, IL12 but not IL23, augmented IFNγ expression in Th17 TEM and switched their molecular profile toward an ex-Th17 (Th1*)-biased transcriptomic signature (increased IFNG, and decreased TCF7, IL17A), suggesting that Th17 plasticity occurs in mLNs before their recruitment to inflamed colon. We propose that differences observed between Th17 cell frequencies and their molecular profile in CD and UC might have implications in understanding disease pathogenesis, and thus, therapeutic management of patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Bsat
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Chapuy
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Manuel Rubio
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ramses Wassef
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carole Richard
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Schwenter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Heena Mehta
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marika Sarfati
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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5
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Li Q, Wang D, Hao S, Han X, Xia Y, Li X, Chen Y, Tanaka M, Qiu CH. CD169 Expressing Macrophage, a Key Subset in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes Promotes Mucosal Inflammation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:669. [PMID: 28694804 PMCID: PMC5483437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis is a relapsing-remitting illness. Patients with long-standing extensive colitis are easy to develop colorectal cancer (CRC). The increasing incidence of IBD and a substantial increase in the risk of CRC make the necessity to pay more attention on the regulation of inflammation especially by specific macrophages subset. The present study reported that a key subset of sinus macrophage expressing CD169 in mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) played an essential role in promoting mucosal inflammation. The results revealed that the subset expressing CD169 in mLNs increased significantly during the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The colitic symptoms were alleviated in CD169-diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) mice at least partially due to the deletion of CD169+ macrophages in mLNs. In addition, the levels of inflammatory cytokines as well as the percentage of Th17 cells in mLNs from CD169-DTR mice were much lower than those from WT mice with DSS-induced colitis. Further experiment in vitro demonstrated that the supernatant from whole cells of mLNs or colon tissues could promote the production of inflammatory factors by mLN cells or colon tissues from CD169-DTR mice. These results could be explained by the cell sorting result that CD11b+CD169+ macrophages expressed higher level of inflammatory factors directly. All these data indicated that CD169+ sinus macrophage in mLNs played an essential role on regulating mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengyu Hao
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolei Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangzhi Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Animal Medicine and Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chun-Hong Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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6
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Kawabe T, Suzuki N, Yamaki S, Sun SL, Asao A, Okuyama Y, So T, Iwakura Y, Ishii N. Mesenteric lymph nodes contribute to proinflammatory Th17-cell generation during inflammation of the small intestine in mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1119-31. [PMID: 26887964 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T cells of the small intestine, including Th17 cells, are critically involved in host protection from microbial infection, and also contribute to the pathogenesis of small bowel inflammatory disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) play important roles in gut-tropic T-cell generation, although it is still unclear if MLNs are involved in the pathogenesis of small intestine inflammation. To address this issue, we analyzed the roles of both MLNs and Peyer's patches (PPs) by evaluating MLN- or PP-deficient mice in an experimental model of small intestine inflammation, induced by CD3-specific mAb injection. Interestingly, MLNs, but not PPs, were essential for the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation, in particular the accumulation and infiltration of CD4(+) T-cell populations, including Th17 cells, from the blood. In addition, CD4(+) T-cell accumulation was dependent on the function of the α4 β7 integrin. Furthermore, MLN removal led to a significantly reduced number of peripheral α4 β7 (+) CD4(+) effector memory T cells under normal conditions, suggesting that MLNs may play a role in maintaining the number of gut-tropic CD4(+) effector memory T cells circulating in the blood. Taken together, the present study highlights the important role of MLNs in contributing to the pathogenesis of small intestine inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawabe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobu Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shu-Lan Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsuko Asao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuko Okuyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takanori So
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Division of Experimental Animal Immunology, Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoto Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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7
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Geem D, Harusato A, Flannigan K, Denning TL. Harnessing regulatory T cells for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:1409-18. [PMID: 25793328 PMCID: PMC4437827 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory CD4 T (Treg) cells are comprised of a heterogeneous population of cells that play a vital role in suppressing inflammation and maintaining immune tolerance. The immunoregulatory function of Treg cells is especially important in the intestine where the mucosa is exposed to a diverse array of foreign antigens-including those derived from food and commensal bacteria. Treg cells are enriched in the intestinal lamina propria and provide a crucial function in promoting tolerance to enteric antigens while modulating tissue inflammation. Correspondingly, Treg cell dysfunction is associated with a breakdown in intestinal tolerance and the induction of aberrant immune responses that may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. This review will provide a brief overview of Treg cell biology with a focus on Foxp3 Treg and type 1 regulatory (Tr1) cells and summarize the evidence for defective Treg cells in experimental and human inflammatory bowel disease. The potential application of Treg cells as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease will also be discussed in the context of Treg infusion therapy and the in vivo induction/expansion of intestinal Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duke Geem
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Akihito Harusato
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Kyle Flannigan
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Timothy L. Denning
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
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8
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Kreiser S, Eckhardt J, Kuhnt C, Stein M, Krzyzak L, Seitz C, Tucher C, Knippertz I, Becker C, Günther C, Steinkasserer A, Lechmann M. Murine CD83-positive T cells mediate suppressor functions in vitro and in vivo. Immunobiology 2015; 220:270-9. [PMID: 25151500 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The CD83 molecule (CD83) is a well-known surface marker present on mature dendritic cells (mDC). In this study, we show that CD83 is also expressed on a subset of T cells which mediate regulatory T cell (Treg)-like suppressor functions in vitro and in vivo. Treg-associated molecules including CD25, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related gene (GITR), Helios and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) as well as forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) were specifically expressed by these CD83(+) T cells. In contrast, CD83(-) T cells showed a naive T cell phenotype with effector T cell properties upon activation. Noteworthy, CD83(-) T cells were not able to upregulate CD83 despite activation. Furthermore, CD83(+) T cells suppressed the proliferation and inflammatory cytokine release of CD83(-) T cells in vitro. Strikingly, stimulated CD83(+) T cells released soluble CD83 (sCD83), which has been reported to possess immunosuppressive properties. In vivo, using the murine transfer colitis model we could show that CD83(+) T cells were able to suppress colitis symptoms while CD83(-) T cells possessed effector functions. In addition, this CD83 expression is also conserved on expanded human Treg. Thus, from these studies we conclude that CD83(+) T cells share important features with regulatory T cells, identifying CD83 as a novel lineage marker to discriminate between different T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kreiser
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Jenny Eckhardt
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Christine Kuhnt
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Marcello Stein
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Lena Krzyzak
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Christine Seitz
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Christine Tucher
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Ilka Knippertz
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Matthias Lechmann
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen D-91052, Germany; Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen D-91052, Germany.
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9
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McNamee EN, Masterson JC, Veny M, Collins CB, Jedlicka P, Byrne FR, Ng GY, Rivera-Nieves J. Chemokine receptor CCR7 regulates the intestinal TH1/TH17/Treg balance during Crohn's-like murine ileitis. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:1011-22. [PMID: 25637591 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3hi0614-303r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of T cell and DC retention and lymphatic egress within and from the intestine is critical for intestinal immunosurveillance; however, the cellular processes that orchestrate this balance during IBD remain poorly defined. With the use of a mouse model of TNF-driven Crohn's-like ileitis (TNF(Δ) (ARE)), we examined the role of CCR7 in the control of intestinal T cell and DC retention/egress during experimental CD. We observed that the frequency of CCR7-expressing TH1/TH17 effector lymphocytes increased during active disease in TNF(Δ) (ARE) mice and that ΔARE/CCR7(-/-) mice developed exacerbated ileitis and multiorgan inflammation, with a marked polarization and ileal retention of TH1 effector CD4(+) T cells. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of ΔARE/CCR7(-/-) effector CD4(+) into lymphopenic hosts resulted in ileo-colitis, whereas those transferred with ΔARE/CCR7(+/+) CD4(+) T cells developed ileitis. ΔARE/CCR7(-/-) mice had an acellular draining MLN, decreased CD103(+) DC, and decreased expression of RALDH enzymes and of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) Tregs. Lastly, a mAb against CCR7 exacerbated ileitis in TNF(Δ) (ARE) mice, phenocopying the effects of congenital CCR7 deficiency. Our data underscore a critical role for the lymphoid chemokine receptor CCR7 in orchestrating immune cell traffic and TH1 versus TH17 bias during chronic murine ileitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eóin N McNamee
- *Mucosal Inflammation Program, School of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Disease Program, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Colorado, and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA; and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego and San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Joanne C Masterson
- *Mucosal Inflammation Program, School of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Disease Program, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Colorado, and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA; and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego and San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Marisol Veny
- *Mucosal Inflammation Program, School of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Disease Program, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Colorado, and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA; and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego and San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Colm B Collins
- *Mucosal Inflammation Program, School of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Disease Program, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Colorado, and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA; and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego and San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- *Mucosal Inflammation Program, School of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Disease Program, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Colorado, and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA; and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego and San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Fergus R Byrne
- *Mucosal Inflammation Program, School of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Disease Program, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Colorado, and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA; and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego and San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Gordon Y Ng
- *Mucosal Inflammation Program, School of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Disease Program, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Colorado, and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA; and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego and San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jesús Rivera-Nieves
- *Mucosal Inflammation Program, School of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Disease Program, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Colorado, and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA; and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego and San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA
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10
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Abstract
: Little is known about different phases of T-cell maturation in gut mucosa. Based on current knowledge about the migratory pathways of naive and memory T cells, it is believed that access to peripheral, nonlymphoid tissues is restricted to memory T cells. Surprisingly, there is increasing evidence of high numbers of naive T cells in the chronically inflamed gut tissue of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. This could partially be explained by new formation of ectopic lymphoid organs. Ongoing recruitment of naive T cells at inflammatory sites might play a role in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Roles of T cell-associated L-selectin and β7 integrins during induction and regulation of chronic colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:2547-59. [PMID: 24132160 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0b013e3182a8df0a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-selectin (CD62L) and β(7) integrins are important for trafficking of naive T cells under steady-state conditions. The objectives of this study were to dissect the requirements for T cell-associated CD62L and β(7) integrins during initiation, progression, and regulation of chronic colitis. METHODS Using the T-cell transfer model, we compared colitogenic potential between T cells lacking one or both of these molecules with wild-type T cells. To assess trafficking of cells to the secondary lymphoid tissue and the gut, we performed co-homing experiments. RESULTS Adoptive transfer of wild-type, CD62L(-/-) or β(7)(-/-) single-deficient T cells induced moderate to severe disease with slightly different kinetics. However, transfer of CD62L(-/-) β(7)(-/-) double-deficient (DKO) T cells produced significantly attenuated gut inflammation, which correlated with fewer T cells and reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the colon lamina propria. Our subsequent experiments established that lack of colitogenic potential of these cells was due to inability of DKO T cells to home to the secondary lymphoid tissue. Furthermore, homing of in vitro-generated effector DKO T cells to the inflamed intestine was significantly impaired. Lastly, DKO regulatory T cells were ineffective at suppressing colitis induced by wild-type T cells. CONCLUSIONS We established that T cells can use either CD62L(-/-) or β(7)(-/-) integrins to induce chronic colitis, but lack of both abrogates their colitogenic potential. Effector T cells critically rely on β(7) integrin during their recruitment to the inflamed intestinal mucosa. Finally, regulation of intestinal inflammation by regulatory T cells requires one or both of these adhesion molecules.
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Palaniyandi S, Radhakrishnan SV, Karlsson FJ, Stokes KY, Kittan N, Huber E, Hildebrandt GC. Murine cytomegalovirus immediate-early 1 gene expression correlates with increased GVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in recipients reactivating from latent infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61841. [PMID: 23596528 PMCID: PMC3626592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of allogeneic (allo) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is limited by its treatment related complications, mostly graft versus host disease (GVHD) and fungal and viral infections. CMV reactivation after HCT has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and a causal relation between GVHD, immunosuppressive therapy and vice versa has been postulated. Using a low GVHD severity murine HCT model, we assessed the role of MCMV reactivation and GVHD development. BALB/c mice were infected with either murine CMV (MCMV) or mock and monitored for 25 weeks to establish latency, followed by sublethal irradiation conditioning and infusion of bone marrow plus splenocytes from either syngeneic (syn) BALB/c or allo B10.D2 donors. Engraftment of allo donor cells was confirmed by PCR for D2Mit265 gene product size. Day+100 mortality and overall GVHD severity in allo MCMV pre-infected recipients was higher than in allo mock controls. Pathologic changes of lung and liver GVHD in immediate-early gene 1 (IE1) positive recipients were significantly increased compared to mock controls, and were only slightly increased in IE1 negative. No significant gut injury was seen in any group. Aggravated lung injury in IE1 positive recipients correlated with higher BAL cell counts both for total cells and for CD4+ T cells when compared with mock controls, and also with protein expression of lung IFN-gamma and liver TNF. No evidence for CMV specific morphologic changes was seen on histopathology in any organ of IE1 positive recipients, suggesting that CMV reactivation is related to increased GVHD severity but does not require active CMV disease, strengthening the concept of a reciprocal relationship between CMV and GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilnathan Palaniyandi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Sabarinath Venniyil Radhakrishnan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Fridrik J. Karlsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Karen Y. Stokes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nicolai Kittan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth Huber
- Department of Pathology, University of Regensburg Medical School, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard C. Hildebrandt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Koboziev I, Karlsson F, Ostanin DV, Gray L, Davidson M, Zhang S, Grisham MB. Role of LFA-1 in the activation and trafficking of T cells: implications in the induction of chronic colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:2360-70. [PMID: 22488891 PMCID: PMC4545769 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.22947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have previously demonstrated that adoptive transfer of naïve CD4(+) T cells devoid of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1-deficient (LFA-1; CD11a/CD18) into recombination activating gene-1 (RAG-1) deficient (RAG(-/-) ) mice fails to induce chronic colitis whereas transfer of wild type (WT) T-cells induces unrelenting and chronic disease. METHODS The objectives of this study were to assess the role of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) in enteric antigen (EAg)-induced activation of T cells in vitro and in vivo and to define the importance of this integrin in promoting trafficking of T cells to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and colon. RESULTS We found that EAg-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) induced proliferation of LFA-1-deficient (CD11a(-/-) ) CD4(+) T cells that was very similar to that induced using WT T cells, suggesting that LFA-1 is not required for activation/proliferation of T cells in vitro. Coculture of WT or CD11a(-/-) T cells with EAg-pulsed DCs induced the generation of similar amounts of interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10, whereas IL-17A production was reduced ≈ 2-fold in cocultures with CD11a(-/-) T cells. Short-term (20-22 hours) trafficking studies demonstrated that while both WT and CD11a(-/-) T cells migrated equally well into the spleen, liver, lungs, small intestine, cecum, and colon, trafficking of CD11a(-/-) T cells to the MLNs was reduced by 50% when compared to WT T cells. When the observation period was extended to 3-7 days posttransfer, we observed ≈ 2-3-fold more WT T cells within the MLNs and colon than CD11a(-/-) T cells, whereas T-cell proliferation (as measured by CFSE dilution) was comparable in both populations. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data suggest that LFA-1 is not required for EAg-induced activation of CD4(+) T cells in vitro or in vivo but is required for trafficking of T cells to the MLNs and homing of colitogenic effector cells to the colon where they initiate chronic gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iurii Koboziev
- Immunology and Inflammation Research Group, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130
| | - Fridrik Karlsson
- Immunology and Inflammation Research Group, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130
| | - Dmitry V. Ostanin
- Immunology and Inflammation Research Group, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130
| | - Laura Gray
- Immunology and Inflammation Research Group, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130
| | - Melissa Davidson
- Immunology and Inflammation Research Group, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130
| | - Songlin Zhang
- Immunology and Inflammation Research Group, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130
- Department of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130
| | - Matthew B. Grisham
- Immunology and Inflammation Research Group, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130
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Amrouche-Mekkioui I, Djerdjouri B. N-acetylcysteine improves redox status, mitochondrial dysfunction, mucin-depleted crypts and epithelial hyperplasia in dextran sulfate sodium-induced oxidative colitis in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 691:209-17. [PMID: 22732651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a pharmacological antioxidant was investigated in a murine model of chronic colitis. Male NMRI mice were given 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days followed by 10 days of water, three times. Compared to control mice given water, DSS-treated mice displayed severe imbalanced redox status with decreased glutathione and catalase, but increased malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls, nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase levels, at days 35th (active colitis) and 45th (recovery period). It also resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction, mucosal ulcers, mucin-depleted crypts and epithelial cell apoptosis. Crypt abscesses and glandular hyperplasia occurred selectively in distal colon. NAC (150 mg/kg) given in drinking water for 45 days along with 3 DSS cycles improved the hallmarks of DSS-colitis. Interestingly, the moderate impact of NAC on lipids and proteins oxidation correlated with myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide levels.NAC as a mucoregulator and a thiol restoring agent is protective on oxidative crypt alterations, mucin depletion, epithelial cell hyperplasia and apoptosis. Taken together, our results highlight the role of NAC as a scavenger of phagocytes-derived reactive oxygen species in mice DDS-colitis, suggesting that a long term NAC diet might be beneficial in inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhem Amrouche-Mekkioui
- Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université des Sciences et de Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El-Alia 16111, Bab-Ezzouar, Alger, Algérie
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Ostanin DV, Kurmaeva E, Furr K, Bao R, Hoffman J, Berney S, Grisham MB. Acquisition of antigen-presenting functions by neutrophils isolated from mice with chronic colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:1491-502. [PMID: 22219329 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Active episodes of the inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with the infiltration of large numbers of myeloid cells including neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. The objective of this study was to systematically characterize and define the different populations of myeloid cells generated in a mouse model of chronic gut inflammation. Using the T cell transfer model of chronic colitis, we found that induction of disease was associated with enhanced production of myelopoietic cytokines (IL-17 and G-CSF), increased production of neutrophils and monocytes, and infiltration of large numbers of myeloid cells into the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and colon. Detailed characterization of these myeloid cells revealed three major populations including Mac-1(+)Ly6C(high)Gr-1(low/neg) cells (monocytes), Mac-1(+)Ly6C(int)Gr-1(+) cells (neutrophils), and Mac-1(+)Ly6C(low/neg)Gr-1(low/neg) leukocytes (macrophages, dendritic cells, and eosinophils). In addition, we observed enhanced surface expression of MHC class II and CD86 on neutrophils isolated from the inflamed colon when compared with neutrophils obtained from the blood, the MLNs, and the spleen of colitic mice. Furthermore, we found that colonic neutrophils had acquired APC function that enabled these granulocytes to induce proliferation of OVA-specific CD4(+) T cells in an Ag- and MHC class II-dependent manner. Finally, we observed a synergistic increase in proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production following coculture of T cells with neutrophils in vitro. Taken together, our data suggest that extravasated neutrophils acquire APC function within the inflamed bowel where they may perpetuate chronic gut inflammation by inducing T cell activation and proliferation as well as by enhancing production of proinflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Ostanin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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Mizoguchi A. Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 105:263-320. [PMID: 22137435 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394596-9.00009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory condition that is medicated by genetic, immune, and environmental factors. At least 66 different kinds of animal models have been established to study IBD, which are classified primarily into chemically induced, cell-transfer, congenial mutant, and genetically engineered models. These IBD models have provided significant contributions to not only dissect the mechanism but also develop novel therapeutic strategies for IBD. In addition, recent advances on genetically engineered techniques such as cell-specific and inducible knockout as well as knockin mouse systems have brought novel concepts on IBD pathogenesis to the fore. Further, mouse models, which lack some IBD susceptibility genes, have suggested more complicated mechanism of IBD than previously predicted. This chapter summarizes the distinct feature of each murine IBD model and discusses the previous and current lessons from the IBD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Mizoguchi
- Department of Pathology, Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kisseleva T, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Reichart D, McGillvray SM, Wingender G, Kronenberg M, Glass CK, Nizet V, Brenner DA. Fibrocyte-like cells recruited to the spleen support innate and adaptive immune responses to acute injury or infection. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 89:997-1013. [PMID: 21499735 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM)-derived fibrocytes are a population of CD45(+) and collagen Type I-expressing cells that migrate to the spleen and to target injured organs, such as skin, lungs, kidneys, and liver. While CD45(+)Col(+) fibrocytes contribute to collagen deposition at the site of injury, the role of CD45(+)Col(+) cells in spleen has not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that hepatotoxic injury (CCl(4)), TGF-β1, lipopolysaccharide, or infection with Listeria monocytogenes induce rapid recruitment of CD45(+)Col(+) fibrocyte-like cells to the spleen. These cells have a gene expression pattern that includes antimicrobial factors (myleoperoxidase, cathelicidin, and defensins) and MHC II at higher levels than found on quiescent or activated macrophages. The immune functions of these splenic CD45(+)Col(+) fibrocyte-like cells include entrapment of bacteria into extracellular DNA-based structures containing cathelicidin and presentation of antigens to naïve CD8(+) T cells to induce their proliferation. Stimulation of these splenic fibrocyte-like cells with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor or macrophage-colony stimulating factor induces downregulation of collagen expression and terminal differentiation into the dendritic cells or macrophage. Thus, splenic CD45(+)Col(+) cells are a population of rapidly mobilized BM-derived fibrocyte-like cells that respond to inflammation or infection to participate in innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0702, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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