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Zhong M, Qiu X, Liu Y, Yang Y, Gu L, Wang C, Chen H, Liu Z, Miao J, Zhuang G. TIPE Regulates DcR3 Expression and Function by Activating the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in CRC. Front Oncol 2021; 10:623048. [PMID: 33718119 PMCID: PMC7943851 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.623048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-induced protein-8 (TIPE) is highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a soluble secreted protein that can antagonize Fas ligand (FasL)-induced apoptosis and promote tumorigenesis. It remains unclear whether TIPE can regulate DcR3 expression. In this study, we examined this question by analyzing the relationship between these factors in CRC. Bioinformatics and tissue microarrays were used to determine the expression of TIPE and DcR3 and their correlation in CRC. The expression of TIPE and DcR3 in colon cancer cells was detected. Plasma samples were collected from CRC patients, and DcR3 secretion was measured. Then, dual-luciferase reporter gene analysis was performed to assess the interaction between TIPE and DcR3. We exogenously altered TIPE expression and analyzed its function and influence on DcR3 secretion. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to stimulate TIPE-overexpressing HCT116 cells, and alterations in signaling pathways were detected. Additionally, inhibitors were used to confirm molecular mechanisms. We found that TIPE and DcR3 were highly expressed in CRC patients and that their expression levels were positively correlated. DcR3 was highly expressed in the plasma of cancer patients. We confirmed that TIPE and DcR3 were highly expressed in HCT116 cells. TIPE overexpression enhanced the transcriptional activity of the DcR3 promoter. TIPE activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to regulate the expression of DcR3, thereby promoting cell proliferation and migration and inhibiting apoptosis. In summary, TIPE and DcR3 are highly expressed in CRC, and both proteins are associated with poor prognosis. TIPE regulates DcR3 expression by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in CRC, thus promoting cell proliferation and migration and inhibiting apoptosis. These findings may have clinical significance and promise for applications in the treatment or prognostication of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Zhong
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xingfeng Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,General Surgery Center of Bazhong Central Hospital, Bazhong, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huiyu Chen
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhongchen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayin Miao
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guohong Zhuang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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2
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Chang WC, Yeh YC, Ho HL, Hsieh SL, Chou TY. Decoy Receptor 3 Expression Is Associated With Wild-Type EGFR Status, Poor Differentiation of Tumor, and Unfavorable Patient Outcome. Am J Clin Pathol 2019; 152:207-216. [PMID: 31077284 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) in lung cancer, particularly adenocarcinoma, has not been well studied. In this study, we aim to investigate the expression profile and the clinicopathologic implications of DcR3 expression in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to examine DcR3 expression in 461 lung adenocarcinomas. The differences in DcR3 expression among the various histopathologic patterns were analyzed. The relationship between DcR3 expression and clinicopathologic parameters, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, was also investigated. RESULTS DcR3 expression was more frequently expressed in solid, micropapillary, and acinar patterns (P < .0001) and in tumors with wild-type EGFR status (P = .018). In addition, DcR3 expression portends a less favorable disease-free survival in stage I patients (P = .012). CONCLUSIONS The expression of DcR3 might be involved in the differentiation and progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Therefore, DcR3 may be applied clinically for prediction of tumor progression in stage I lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chin Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, MacKay Memorial Hospital and MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ling Ho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ying Chou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Yang CY, Lin CK, Hsieh CC, Tsao CH, Lin CS, Peng B, Chen YT, Ting CC, Chang WC, Lin GJ, Sytwu HK, Chen YW. Anti-oral cancer effects of triptolide by downregulation of DcR3 in vitro, in vivo, and in preclinical patient-derived tumor xenograft model. Head Neck 2018; 41:1260-1269. [PMID: 30537218 PMCID: PMC6590365 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant expression of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is considered to be a diagnostic and therapeutic target for human cancers. The aim of this study was to assess DcR3 as a target of the anticancer effects of triptolide (TPL) in preclinical patient‐derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) models of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods The expression of DcR3 was evaluated through immunohistochemistry, and correlations were examined using clinical variables. The effects of TPL on the expression of DcR3 and cell proliferation were investigated in OSCC cell lines and in PDTX models. Results DcR3 overexpression was associated with overall survival and tumor size. TPL significantly decreased tumor growth. Moreover, TPL inhibited the expression of metastasis‐associated protein 1 (MTA1), a transcription factor for DcR3 in vivo, in vitro, and in PDTX models. Conclusion TPL appeared to exert anticancer effects by repressing DcR3 and MTA1 in vitro, in vivo, and in PDTX models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Yang
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kung Lin
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Huei Tsao
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shu Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo Peng
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tzu Chen
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Ting
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chin Chang
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gu-Jiun Lin
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Wu Chen
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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4
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Zhao T, Xu Y, Ren S, Liang C, Zhou X, Wu J. The siRNA silencing of DcR3 expression induces Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4370-4378. [PMID: 29725377 PMCID: PMC5920343 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional Fas ligand (FasL) may inhibit the apoptosis of tumor cells. FasL contains two receptors, Fas and Decoy Receptor 3 (DcR3). DcR3 competitively binds to FasL over Fas, resulting in the inhibition of FasL-mediated apoptosis. Therefore, it was suggested that the downregulation of DcR3 expression enhances FasL-mediated apoptosis. In the current study, the expression of DcR3 was silenced in liver cancer HepG2 cells in order to study the effect of FasL on HepG2 cell activity and invasiveness. DcR3 siRNA knockdown HepG2 cells (KD), DcR3 blank plasmid control HepG2 cells and wild-type HepG2 cells (WT) were treated with FasL (10 ng/ml). Flow cytometry was used to detect changes in the cell cycle and apoptosis. MTS, clonogenic, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to examine changes in cell activity, proliferation, migration and invasiveness. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were performed to measure the expression of DcR3, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D. The results demonstrated that, compared with WT cells, the proportion of KD cells in the G2/M phase decreased following treatment with FasL. KD cells were more sensitive to FasL-induced apoptosis. Following treatment with FasL, the activity and proliferation, migration and invasion of KD cells were reduced, and the expression of MMP9, VEGF-C and VEGF-D decreased. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that DcR3 is involved in the proliferation and invasion of HepG2 cells, and this mechanism may be associated with the regulatory effect of the expression of MMP9, VEGF-C and VEGF-D; however, the exact mechanism of action remains unclear. FollowingDcR3 silencing, FasL-mediated apoptosis increased in HepG2 cells. Therefore, DcR3 combined with FasL may be a potential target for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuanjie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yingchen Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Shulin Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Chaojie Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Xiaona Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jixiang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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5
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Li J, Xie N, Yuan J, Liu L, Zhou Q, Ren X, Chen Q, Zhang G, Ruan Q, Chen YH, Wan X. DcR3 combined with hematological traits serves as a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of cancer metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107612-107620. [PMID: 29296192 PMCID: PMC5746094 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is abnormally up-regulated in many cancer cells. It may help cancer cells to escape from immune surveillance and establish metastatic lesions. However, whether DcR3 can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of cancer metastasis is unclear. In this study, sera from healthy controls and patients with different cancers were collected, and tested for their DcR3 levels by ELISA. Significantly elevated DcR3 levels were observed in the sera of patients with gastric cancer (2.04 ± 1.01, P = 0.0061), lymphoma (1.62 ± 0.75, P = 0.041), and breast cancer (1.53 ± 0.51, P = 0.023). DcR3 was found to be a suitable biomarker for identifying gastric cancer patients. Importantly, DcR3 was positively associated with platelet distribution width (PDW) (P = 2.45 × 10−6, R = 0.63) in metastatic cancers but negatively associated with hemoglobin (HGB) (P = 0.002, R = −0.59) and hematocrit (HCT) (P = 0.001, R = −0.62) in non-metastatic cancers. Combined with PDW, HGB and HCT, serum DcR3 could be used to predict the occurrence of cancer metastasis. These findings indicate that DcR3 could be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of gastric cancer, and for cancer metastasis in combination with hematological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Li
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Fully Human Antibody Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University City of Shenzhen, Xili Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Ni Xie
- Institute of Translation Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Yuan
- Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Lvyan Liu
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Fully Human Antibody Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University City of Shenzhen, Xili Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Qiming Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Nanshan Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohu Ren
- Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Fully Human Antibody Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University City of Shenzhen, Xili Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Guizhong Zhang
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Fully Human Antibody Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University City of Shenzhen, Xili Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Qingguo Ruan
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Fully Human Antibody Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University City of Shenzhen, Xili Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Youhai H Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Fully Human Antibody Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University City of Shenzhen, Xili Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
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6
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Zhang H, Chen X, Li D, Cui L, Li X, Ye X, Wan X. DcR3 promotes hepatoma cell migration by downregulating E-cadherin expression. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:377-383. [PMID: 28560426 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a decoy molecule belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF), is a soluble receptor that can neutralize the biological effects of three other TNFSF members, namely, Fas ligand (FasL/TNFSF6/CD95L), LIGHT (TNFSF14) and TNF-like molecule 1A (TL1A/TNFSF15). DcR3 expression is increased in tumor cells. As such, DcR3 has been considered a potential biomarker to predict cancer invasion and progression of inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms of DcR3 in tumor progression and metastasis remain poorly described. In the present study, DcR3 induced cytoskeleton remodeling, inhibited E-cadherin expression, and promoted cancer cell migration. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry demonstrated that DcR3 expression was increased in hepatoma cells, whereas E-cadherin expression was significantly downregulated. Immunohistochemistry revealed that DcR3 and E-cadherin exhibited an opposite expression pattern between normal and cancerous liver tissues. Moreover, DcR3 treatment promoted IκBα degradation and p65 nuclear translocation. Therefore, the present study uncovered the mechanism underlying the function of DcR3 in cancer cell migration and provides evidence that DcR3 may be a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zhang
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Fully Human Antibody Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Xuhong Chen
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, P.R. China
| | - Dongming Li
- Basic Medicine College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Cui
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Fully Human Antibody Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Fully Human Antibody Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Xiufeng Ye
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Fully Human Antibody Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
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7
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Zhou XN, Li GM, Xu YC, Zhao TJ, Wu JX. Knockdown of Decoy Receptor 3 Impairs Growth and Invasiveness of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line of HepG2. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:2623-2629. [PMID: 27779171 PMCID: PMC5125343 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.192775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) binds to Fas ligand (FasL) and inhibits FasL-induced apoptosis. The receptor is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and it is associated with the growth and metastatic spread of tumors. DcR3 holds promises as a new target for the treatment of HCC, but little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the oncogenic properties of DcR3. The present work, therefore, examined the role of DcR3 in regulating the growth and invasive property of liver cancer cell HepG2. Methods: HepG2 cells were stably transfected with lentivirus-based short hairpin RNA vector targeting DcR3. After the knockdown of DcR3 was confirmed, cell proliferation, clone formation, ability of migrating across transwell membrane, and wound healing were assessed in vitro. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP 9) and vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and D expressions of the DcR3 knockdown were also studied. Comparisons between multiple groups were done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), while pairwise comparisons were performed using Student's t test. P < 0.05 was regarded statistically significant. Results: DcR3 was overexpressed in HepG2 compared to other HCC cell lines and normal hepatocyte Lo-2. Stable knockdown of DcR3 slowed down the growth of HepG2 (P < 0.05) and reduced the number of clones formed by 50% compared to those without DcR3 knockdown (P < 0.05). The knockdown also reduced the migration of HepG2 across transwell matrix membrane by five folds compared to the control (P < 0.05) and suppressed the closure of scratch wound (P < 0.05). In addition, the messenger RNA levels of MMP 9, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D were significantly suppressed by DcR3 knockdown by 90% when compared with the mock control (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Loss of DcR3 impaired the growth and invasive property of HCC cell line of HepG2. Targeting DcR3 may be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Guang-Ming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ying-Chen Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tuan-Jie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Er Long Lu Hospital, Beijing 100032, China
| | - Ji-Xiang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
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Zhang Y, Luo J, He R, Huang W, Li Z, Li P, Dang Y, Chen G, Li S. Expression and clinicopathological implication of DcR3 in lung cancer tissues: a tissue microarray study with 365 cases. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4959-68. [PMID: 27570459 PMCID: PMC4986681 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) has been reported to be involved in different cancers. However, few related researches have been accomplished on the role of DcR3 in lung cancer. OBJECTIVE To explore the expression level and clinicopathological implication of DcR3 protein in lung cancer tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to examine DcR3 protein expression in lung cancer (n=365) and normal lung tissues (n=26). The relationships between DcR3 expression and clinical parameters were further investigated. Furthermore, the diagnostic and clinicopathological value of DcR3 mRNA was analyzed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database in lung cancer patients. RESULTS Compared to normal lung tissues, DcR3 expression was significantly higher in lung cancer (P=0.007) tissues, including small-cell lung cancer (P=0.001) and non-small-cell lung cancer (P=0.008). In addition, DcR3 expression was related to tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P<0.001), tumor diameter (P=0.007), distant metastasis (P<0.001), and lymph node metastasis (P<0.001) in lung cancers. When concerning non-small-cell lung cancer, consistent correlations between DcR3 expression and TNM stage (P<0.001), tumor diameter (P=0.019), distant metastasis (P<0.001), and lymph node metastasis (P<0.001) were found. Simultaneously, in small-cell lung cancer, TNM stage (P=0.004) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.005) were also associated with DcR3 expression. Additionally, receiver operator characteristic curve revealed that the area under curve (AUC) of DcR3 was 0.637 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.531-0.742) for lung cancer. Furthermore, DcR3 was overexpressed in both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma tissues than in noncancerous lung tissues (all P<0.0001) based on the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. AUC of DcR3 was 0.726 (95% CI 0.644-0.788) for lung adenocarcinoma patients and 0.647 (95% CI 0.566-0.728) for squamous cell carcinoma patients. DcR3 expression was also related to the overall survival (P<0.001) and disease-free survival (P<0.001) of lung adenocarcinoma according to the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. CONCLUSION Our study confirms that DcR3 might be involved in the tumorigenesis and deterioration of lung cancer. Therefore, the detection of DcR3 gains the potential to be applied in the clinic for screening and progression prediction of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Rongquan He
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shikang Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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9
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Im J, Kim K, Hergert P, Nho RS. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis fibroblasts become resistant to Fas ligand-dependent apoptosis via the alteration of decoy receptor 3. J Pathol 2016; 240:25-37. [PMID: 27218286 DOI: 10.1002/path.4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an irreversible lethal lung disease with an unknown etiology. IPF patients' lung fibroblasts express inappropriately high Akt activity, protecting them in response to an apoptosis-inducing type I collagen matrix. FasL, a ligand for Fas, is known to be increased in the lung tissues of patients with IPF, implicated with the progression of IPF. Expression of Decoy Receptor3 (DcR3), which binds to FasL, thereby subsequently suppressing the FasL-Fas-dependent apoptotic pathway, is frequently altered in various human disease. However, the role of DcR3 in IPF fibroblasts in regulating their viability has not been examined. We found that enhanced DcR3 expression exists in the majority of IPF fibroblasts on collagen matrices, resulting in the protection of IPF fibroblasts from FasL-induced apoptosis. Abnormally high Akt activity suppresses GSK-3β function, thereby accumulating the nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) in the nucleus, increasing DcR3 expression in IPF fibroblasts. This alteration protects IPF cells from FasL-induced apoptosis on collagen. However, the inhibition of Akt or NFATc1 decreases DcR3 mRNA and protein levels, which sensitizes IPF fibroblasts to FasL-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, enhanced DcR3 and NFATc1 expression is mainly present in myofibroblasts in the fibroblastic foci of lung tissues derived from IPF patients. Our results showed that when IPF cells interact with collagen matrix, aberrantly activated Akt increases DcR3 expression via GSK-3β-NFATc1 and protects IPF cells from the FasL-dependent apoptotic pathway. These findings suggest that the inhibition of DcR3 function may be an effective approach for sensitizing IPF fibroblasts in response to FasL, limiting the progression of lung fibrosis. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintaek Im
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kyutae Kim
- College of Biological Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Polla Hergert
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Lung Morphology Research Core Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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10
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Jiang M, Lin X, He R, Lin X, Liang L, Tang R, Xiong D, Wei K, Dang Y, Feng Z, Chen G. Decoy Receptor 3 (DcR3) as a Biomarker of Tumor Deterioration in Female Reproductive Cancers: A Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1850-7. [PMID: 27246752 PMCID: PMC4917315 DOI: 10.12659/msm.896226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DcR3 (decoy receptor 3) has been proposed be involved in development and prognosis of female reproductive cancers, including cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore the evidence for the correlation between DcR3 and the clinicopathological characteristics, as well as the overall survival time, in female reproductive cancers. Material/Methods Relevant studies were searched for in PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Ovid, LILACS, Chinese CNKI, Chong Qing VIP, Wan Fang, and China Biology Medicine disc up to 30 September 2015. Data on the relationship between DcR3 expression and TNM stage, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, age, and overall survival time were extracted. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs (confidence intervals) were estimated by forest plot. Results Twelve studies with 1127 patients met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. Overexpression of DcR3 was significantly related to the risk of female reproductive cancers (OR=10.69, 95% CI: 6.33–18.05), TNM stage (OR=5.51, 95% CI: 2.83–10.71), differentiation (OR=4.16, 95% CI: 2.28–7.60), lymph node metastasis (OR=5.89, 95% CI: 3.16–10.9), age (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.51–1.44), and overall survival time (OR=1.84, 95% CI: 0.58–5.83). Subgroup analyses showed that overexpression of DcR3 in cervical, ovarian, and breast cancer all had similar relationships with these clinicopathological parameters. Conclusions Our meta-analysis suggests that overexpression of DcR3 may play vital roles in the tumorigenesis and deterioration of female reproductive cancers. However, the relationship between DcR3 expression and prognosis needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaomiao Lin
- Department of Children Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Rongquan He
- Center of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xinggu Lin
- Center of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Lu Liang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ruixue Tang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Dandan Xiong
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Kanglai Wei
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yiwu Dang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenbo Feng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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Elevated Serum Levels of the Antiapoptotic Protein Decoy-Receptor 3 Are Associated with Advanced Liver Disease. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 2016:2637010. [PMID: 27595094 PMCID: PMC4993922 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2637010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Decoy-receptor 3 (DcR3) exerts antiapoptotic and immunomodulatory function and is overexpressed in neoplastic and inflammatory conditions. Serum DcR3 (sDcR3) levels during the chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis/hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) sequence have not been explored. Objective. To assess the levels and significance of sDcR3 protein in various stages of chronic liver disease. Methods. We compared sDcR3 levels between healthy controls and patients with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH), decompensated cirrhosis (DC), and HCC. Correlations between sDcR3 levels and various patient- and disease-related factors were analyzed. Results. sDcR3 levels were significantly higher in patients with CVH than in controls (P < 0.01). sDcR3 levels were elevated in DC and HCC, being significantly higher compared not only to controls (P < 0.001 for both) but to CVH patients as well (P < 0.001 for both). In addition, DcR3 protein was detected in large quantities in the ascitic fluid of cirrhotics. In patients with CVH, sDcR3 significantly correlated to fibrosis severity, as estimated by Ishak score (P = 0.019) or by liver stiffness measured with elastography (Spearman r = 0.698, P < 0.001). In cirrhotic patients, significant positive correlations were observed between sDcR3 levels and markers of severity of hepatic impairment, including MELD score (r = 0.653, P < 0.001). Conclusions. Circulating levels of DcR3 are elevated during chronic liver disease and correlate with severity of liver damage. sDcR3 may serve as marker for liver fibrosis severity and progression to end-stage liver disease.
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Albarbar B, Dunnill C, Georgopoulos NT. Regulation of cell fate by lymphotoxin (LT) receptor signalling: Functional differences and similarities of the LT system to other TNF superfamily (TNFSF) members. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:659-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lancrajan I, Schneider-Stock R, Naschberger E, Schellerer VS, Stürzl M, Enz R. Absolute quantification of DcR3 and GDF15 from human serum by LC-ESI MS. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1656-71. [PMID: 25823874 PMCID: PMC4511363 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are widely used in clinical diagnosis, prognosis and therapy monitoring. Here, we developed a protocol for the efficient and selective enrichment of small and low concentrated biomarkers from human serum, involving a 95% effective depletion of high-abundant serum proteins by partial denaturation and enrichment of low-abundant biomarkers by size exclusion chromatography. The recovery of low-abundance biomarkers was above 97%. Using this protocol, we quantified the tumour markers DcR3 and growth/differentiation factor (GDF)15 from 100 μl human serum by isotope dilution mass spectrometry, using 15N metabolically labelled and concatamerized fingerprint peptides for the both proteins. Analysis of three different fingerprint peptides for each protein by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry resulted in comparable concentrations in three healthy human serum samples (DcR3: 27.23 ± 2.49 fmol/ml; GDF15: 98.11 ± 0.49 fmol/ml). In contrast, serum levels were significantly elevated in tumour patients for DcR3 (116.94 ± 57.37 fmol/ml) and GDF15 (164.44 ± 79.31 fmol/ml). Obtained data were in good agreement with ELISA and qPCR measurements, as well as with literature data. In summary, our protocol allows the reliable quantification of biomarkers, shows a higher resolution at low biomarker concentrations than antibody-based strategies, and offers the possibility of multiplexing. Our proof-of-principle studies in patient sera encourage the future analysis of the prognostic value of DcR3 and GDF15 for colon cancer patients in larger patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Lancrajan
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Centre), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Experimental Tumorpathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Medical Centre Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vera S Schellerer
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Medical Centre Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf Enz
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Centre), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Su Z, Yang Z, Xu Y, Chen Y, Yu Q. Apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:48. [PMID: 25743109 PMCID: PMC4343053 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 643] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a crucial hallmark of cancer progression, which involves numerous factors including the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor angiogenesis, the development of an inflammatory tumor microenvironment, and defects in programmed cell death. Programmed cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis, plays crucial roles in metastatic processes. Malignant tumor cells must overcome these various forms of cell death to metastasize. This review summarizes the recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms by which key regulators of apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis participate in cancer metastasis and discusses the crosstalk between apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis involved in the regulation of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China. .,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Zuozhang Yang
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China. .,Department of Orthopaedics, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China.
| | - Yongqing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China.
| | - Yongbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
| | - Qiang Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Liu W, Zhan C, Cheng H, Kumar PR, Bonanno JB, Nathenson SG, Almo SC. Mechanistic basis for functional promiscuity in the TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies: structure of the LIGHT:DcR3 assembly. Structure 2014; 22:1252-1262. [PMID: 25087510 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
LIGHT initiates intracellular signaling via engagement of the two TNF receptors, HVEM and LTβR. In humans, LIGHT is neutralized by DcR3, a unique soluble member of the TNFR superfamily, which tightly binds LIGHT and inhibits its interactions with HVEM and LTβR. DcR3 also neutralizes two other TNF ligands, FasL and TL1A. Due to its ability to neutralize three distinct different ligands, DcR3 contributes to a wide range of biological and pathological processes, including cancer and autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms that support the broad specificity of DcR3 remain to be fully defined. We report the structures of LIGHT and the LIGHT:DcR3 complex, which reveal the structural basis for the DcR3-mediated neutralization of LIGHT and afford insights into DcR3 function and binding promiscuity. Based on these structures, we designed LIGHT mutants with altered affinities for DcR3 and HVEM, which may represent mechanistically informative probe reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chenyang Zhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Huiyong Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - P Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Bonanno
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Stanley G Nathenson
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Steven C Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Aiba Y, Harada K, Komori A, Ito M, Shimoda S, Nakamura H, Nagaoka S, Abiru S, Migita K, Ishibashi H, Nakanuma Y, Nishida N, Kawashima M, Tokunaga K, Yatsuhashi H, Nakamura M. Systemic and local expression levels of TNF-like ligand 1A and its decoy receptor 3 are increased in primary biliary cirrhosis. Liver Int 2014; 34:679-88. [PMID: 24016146 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Through a genome-wide association study of a Japanese population, we recently identified TNFSF15, a gene encoding TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A), as a susceptibility gene for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). We investigated the clinical significance of TL1A and one of its receptors, decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), in PBC. METHODS We analysed the systemic and local expression of TL1A and DcR3 in 110 PBC patients and 46 healthy controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Serum TL1A levels were significantly increased in PBC patients at both early and late stages as compared with healthy controls, and its levels were significantly decreased in early-stage PBC patients after ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment. TL1A was immunohistochemically localized to biliary epithelial cells, Kupffer cells, blood vessels and infiltrating mononuclear cells in the PBC liver. In addition, TL1A messenger RNA expression was increased in the PBC liver as compared with the non-diseased liver. Serum DcR3 levels were also significantly increased in PBC patients, and were significantly decreased after UDCA treatment in early-stage PBC patients. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that TL1A and DcR3 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Aiba
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Japan
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Zong L, Chen P, Wang DX. Death decoy receptor overexpression and increased malignancy risk in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:4440-4445. [PMID: 24764685 PMCID: PMC3989983 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i15.4440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and death decoy receptor (DcR3) as colorectal cancer prognostic indicators.
METHODS: Colorectal carcinoma specimens from 300 patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to detect the staining patterns of HER2 and DcR3. Classification of HER2 staining was carried out using the United States Food and Drug Administration semi-quantitative scoring system, with scores of 0 or 1+ indicating a tumor-negative (normal expression) status and scores of 2+ and 3+ indicating a tumor-positive (overexpression) status. Classification of DcR3 was carried out by quantitating the percentage of positive cells within the stained section, with < 10% indicating a tumor-negative status and ≥ 10% indicating a tumor-positive status. Correlation of the HER2 and DcR3 staining status with clinicopathological parameters [age, sex, tumor size, differentiation, and the tumor, node, metastasis (pTNM) classification] and survival was statistically assessed.
RESULTS: Tumor-positive status for HER2 and DcR3 was found in 18.33% and 58.33% of the 300 colorectal carcinoma specimens, respectively. HER2 tumor-positive status showed a significant correlation with tumor size (P = 0.003) but not with other clinicopathological parameters. DcR3 tumor-positive status showed a significant correlation with tumor differentiation (P < 0.001), pTNM stage (P < 0.001), and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001). However, correlation coefficient analysis did not indicate that a statistically significant correlation exists between tumor-positive status for the HER2 and DcR3 overexpression (P = 0.236). Patients with specimens classified as DcR3-overexpressing had a significantly worse overall survival (OS) rate than those without DcR3 overexpression (median OS: 42.11 vs 61.21 mo; HR = 50.27, 95%CI: 44.90-55.64, P < 0.001). HER2 overexpression had no significant impact on median OS (35.10 mo vs 45.25 mo; HR = 44.40, 95%CI: 39.32-49.48, P = 0.344). However, patients with specimens classified as both HER2- and DcR3-overexpressing had a significantly poorer median OS than those with only HER2 overexpression (31.80 mo vs 52.20 mo; HR = 35.10, 95%CI: 22.04-48.16, P = 0.006).
CONCLUSION: HER2 overexpression is not an independent prognostic marker of colorectal cancer, but DcR3 overexpression is highly correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor OS.
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Zhou J, Song S, Li D, He S, Zhang B, Wang Z, Zhu X. Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) overexpression predicts the prognosis and pN2 in pancreatic head carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:52. [PMID: 24597666 PMCID: PMC3946126 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was carried out to examine decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) expression and investigate its clinical and prognostic significance in patients with pancreatic head carcinoma. Methods Tissue samples were obtained from 50 patients with pancreatic head carcinoma. DcR3 protein expression in tissues and sera was assessed by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Correlations between DcR3 and clinicopathologic features and prognoses were analyzed statistically. Results Serum DcR3 levels were significantly elevated in patients with pancreatic head carcinoma compared with patients with cystadenoma and healthy individuals (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). DcR3 overexpression correlated with lymph node metastases and TNM stages (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). Median overall survival for the high DcR3 group was 16.3 months, compared to 21.6 months for the low DcR3 group (P < 0.05). In the low DcR3 group, no significant difference was found in the overall survival between patients who underwent standard pancreatoduodenectomy (SPD) and those who had radical pancreatoduodenectomy (RPD) (P > 0.05). In the high DcR3 group, the median overall survival rates were 16.8 months in the RPD group and 13.5 months in the SPD group (P < 0.05). Conclusions We found that DcR3 was overexpressed in pancreatic head carcinoma. The patients with high DcR3 levels had higher pN2 stages than those with low DcR3 levels. Detecting serum DcR3 level preoperatively might be an additional approach for evaluating pN2 stage and guiding the range of lymphadenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinguo Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
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Wu Q, Zheng Y, Chen D, Li X, Lu C, Zhang Z. Aberrant expression of decoy receptor 3 in human breast cancer: relevance to lymphangiogenesis. J Surg Res 2014; 188:459-65. [PMID: 24612949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a decoy receptor against Fas ligand belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is overexpressed in some forms of cancer. It was recently reported that DcR3 could protect endothelial cells from apoptosis, implying a potential role in the development of vessels, whereas its role in the lymphangiogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we studied the DcR3 expression and its relationship with the lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) to investigate if it played a role in the lymph metastasis of human breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were performed to measure the messenger RNA and protein expression of DcR3 in the breast cancer tissues, noncancerous counterparts, and axillary lymph node from 63 patients. LMVD in these specimens was assessed by counting the D2-40 labeled-microvessels. Furthermore, the correlations between DcR3 expression and LMVD and other clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed. RESULTS DcR3 was overexpressed in the breast cancer tissue of 58 patients (92.1%) and was also expressed in vascular endothelial cells and tumor cells in the lymph nodes. LMVD in cancer tissue and lymph nodes were both positively correlated to the aberrant expression of DcR3. CONCLUSIONS The relevance between DcR3 overexpression and LMVD revealed the existence of possible links between DcR3 and lymphangiogenesis. Based on these findings, it is important to further explore the regulation of lymphangiogenesis operated by the reverse tumor necrosis factor signaling of DcR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuwan Wu
- Xiamen Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Donghan Chen
- Xiamen Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Xiamen Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chuanhui Lu
- Xiamen Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Xiamen Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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The role of TL1A and DR3 in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:258164. [PMID: 24453414 PMCID: PMC3880748 DOI: 10.1155/2013/258164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A), which binds its cognate receptor DR3 and the decoy receptor DcR3, is an identified member of the TNF superfamily. TL1A exerts pleiotropic effects on cell proliferation, activation, and differentiation of immune cells, including helper T cells and regulatory T cells. TL1A and its two receptors expression is increased in both serum and inflamed tissues in autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Polymorphisms of the TNFSF15 gene that encodes TL1A are associated with the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome, leprosy, and autoimmune diseases, including IBD, AS, and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). In mice, blocking of TL1A-DR3 interaction by either antagonistic antibodies or deletion of the DR3 gene attenuates the severity of multiple autoimmune diseases, whereas sustained TL1A expression on T cells or dendritic cells induces IL-13-dependent small intestinal inflammation. This suggests that modulation of TL1A-DR3 interaction may be a potential therapeutic target in several autoimmune diseases, including IBD, RA, AS, and PBC.
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Weissinger D, Tagscherer KE, Macher-Göppinger S, Haferkamp A, Wagener N, Roth W. The soluble Decoy Receptor 3 is regulated by a PI3K-dependent mechanism and promotes migration and invasion in renal cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:120. [PMID: 24107265 PMCID: PMC3852559 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of Decoy Receptor 3 (DcR3), a soluble member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is a common event in several types of cancer. In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), DcR3 overexpression is associated with lymph node and distant metastasis as well as a poor prognosis. However, the functional role and regulation of DcR3 expression in RCC is so far unknown. Methods Modulation of DcR3 expression by siRNA and ectopic gene expression, respectively, was performed in ACHN and 769-P RCC cell lines. Functional effects of a modulated DcR3 expression were analyzed with regard to migration, invasion, adhesion, clonogenicity, and proliferation. Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses were performed to evaluate the expression of downstream mediators of DcR3. In further experiments, luciferase assays, quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses were applied to study the regulation of DcR3 expression in RCC. Additionally, an ex vivo tissue slice culture technique combined with immunohistochemistry was used to study the regulation of DcR3 expression in human RCC specimens. Results Here, we show that DcR3 promotes adhesion, migration and invasiveness of RCC cells. The DcR3-dependent increase in cellular invasiveness is accompanied with an up-regulation of integrin alpha 4, matrixmetalloproteinase 7 and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). Further, we identified a signaling pathway regulating DcR3 expression in RCC. Using in vitro experiments as well as an ex vivo RCC tissue slice culture model, we demonstrate that expression of DcR3 is regulated in a PI3K/AKT-dependent manner involving the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT). Conclusions Taken together, our results identify DcR3 as a key driver of tumor cell dissemination and suggest DcR3 as a promising target for rational therapy of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weissinger
- Molecular Tumor-Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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DcR3 regulates the growth and metastatic potential of SW480 colon cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2741-8. [PMID: 24101127 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is considered to have anti‑apoptotic and pro-metastatic functions, suggesting it might be a therapeutic target. We examined the role and mechanisms of DcR3 on growth and the metastatic ability of SW480 colon cancer cells to provide therapeutic information for targeting DcR3 by RNA interference (RNAi) technology. Growth and the metastatic ability were inhibited, apoptosis was induced and cell cycle profile was changed after decreasing DcR3 expression, with lower levels of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression. Our results implied the therapeutic potential of silencing DcR3 expression by RNAi in colon cancer.
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Su CL, Luo DZ, Chen G, Qin XG. SiRNA-mediated inhibition of DcR3 gene expression induces apoptosis and reduces migration of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:2772-2779. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i27.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of siRNA-mediated inhibition of DcR3 gene expression on apoptosis and migratory ability of HepG2 cells.
METHODS: Four DcR3-specific siRNAs and one random siRNA were designed, synthesized, and transfected into HepG2 cells using LipofectamineTM 2000. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to screen the siRNA that had the best interfering effect. Immunocytochemistry was used to assess the expression of DcR3 protein. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry, and cell migratory ability was determined by wound healing assay.
RESULTS: All four DcR3-specific siRNAs could decrease the expression of DcR3 mRNA, and siRNA4 had the best interfering effect, which could silence the mRNA expression by 62.9% and inhibit the expression of DcR3 protein. The apoptosis rate was significantly higher in the specific interference group than in the three control groups (22.97% ± 2.10% vs 1.17% ± 0.32%, 1.44% ± 0.43%, 1.22% ± 0.40%, all P < 0.001). The relative migratory ability of HepG2 cells in the specific interference group at 24, 48 and 72 h after transfection was significantly lower than that in control groups (all P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: DcR3 plays an important role in the apoptosis and migration of HepG2 cells. Inhibition of expression of DcR3 can induce apoptosis and repress migration of HepG2 cells.
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24
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Zhou J, Song S, He S, Wang Z, Zhang B, Li D, Zhu D. Silencing of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) expression by siRNA in pancreatic carcinoma cells induces Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:653-60. [PMID: 23846297 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is abundantly expressed in human tumors and protects cells from a wide range of apoptotic stimuli. In this study, we demonstrate that DcR3 is overexpressed in pancreatic carcinoma cells, and that the pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, Panc-1 and SW1990, are resistant to Fas ligand (FasL)-mediated apoptosis. To further define the function of DcR3 in cell growth and apoptosis, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knockdown the expression of the DcR3 gene in Panc-1 and SW1990 cells. Our results revealed that the silencing of DcR3 expression enhanced the inhibitory effects of FasL and reduced the capabiltiy of the cells for proliferation and colony formation in vitro. In addition, the downregulation of DcR3 modulated the cell apoptotic regulators, Fas-associated death domain (FADD), caspase‑3 and caspase‑8, thus triggering cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the knockdown of DcR3 inhibited the growth of Panc-1 tumor xenografts. Taken together, our findings indicate that DcR3 is important in cancer progression and may be a used as a potential therapeutic target for the gene therapy of pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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25
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Wu NL, Huang DY, Hsieh SL, Hsiao CH, Lee TA, Lin WW. EGFR-driven up-regulation of decoy receptor 3 in keratinocytes contributes to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1538-48. [PMID: 23707413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a soluble receptor of Fas ligand (FasL), LIGHT (TNFSF14) and TNF-like molecule 1A (TL1A) and plays pleiotropic roles in many inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and malignant diseases. In cutaneous biology, DcR3 is expressed in primary human epidermal keratinocytes and is upregulated in skin lesions in psoriasis, which is characterized by chronic inflammation and angiogenesis. However, the regulatory mechanisms of DcR3 over-expression in skin lesions of psoriasis are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that DcR3 can be detected in both dermal blood vessels and epidermal layers of psoriatic skin lesions. Analysis of serum samples showed that DcR3 was elevated, but FasL was downregulated in psoriatic patients compared with normal individuals. Additional cell studies revealed a central role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in controlling the basal expression of DcR3 in keratinocytes. Activation of EGFR by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-α strikingly upregulated DcR3 production. TNF-αenhanced DcR3 expression in both keratinocytes and endothelial cells compared with various inflammatory cytokines involved in psoriasis. Additionally, TNF-α-enhanced DcR3 expression in keratinocytes was inhibited when EGFR was knocked down or EGFR inhibitor was used. The NF-κB pathway was critically involved in the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of EGFR and inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, the novel regulatory mechanisms of DcR3 expression in psoriasis, particularly in keratinocytes and endothelial cells, provides new insight into the pathogenesis of psoriasis and may also contribute to the understanding of other diseases that involve DcR3 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Lin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Lin YT, Yen CH, Chen HL, Liao YJ, Lin IF, Chen M, Lan YC, Chuang SY, Hsieh SL, Chen YMA. The serologic decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) levels are associated with slower disease progression in HIV-1/AIDS patients. J Formos Med Assoc 2013; 114:498-503. [PMID: 26062966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) super-family. It counteracts the biological effects of Fas ligands and inhibits apoptosis. The goals of this study were to understand the associations between serologic DcR3 (sDcR3) levels and different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes, as well as the AIDS disease progression. METHODS Serum samples from 61 HIV/AIDS patients, who had been followed up every 6 months for 3 years, were collected. sDcR3 levels were quantified using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). RESULTS The sDcR3 levels in patients with HIV-1 subtype B were significantly higher than those in patients infected with subtype CRF01_AE (p < 0.001). In addition, multivariable linear mixed model analysis demonstrated that HIV-1 subtype B and slow disease progression were associated with higher levels of sDcR3, adjusting for potential predictors (p = 0.0008 and 0.0455, respectively). CONCLUSION HIV-1-infected cells may gain a survival advantage by activating DcR3, which prevents infected cell detection by the host immune system. These data indicate that the sDcR3 level is a biomarker for AIDS disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Lin
- AIDS Prevention and Research Centre, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- AIDS Prevention and Research Centre, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Li Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Liao
- AIDS Prevention and Research Centre, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - I-Feng Lin
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Marcelo Chen
- AIDS Prevention and Research Centre, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lan
- AIDS Prevention and Research Centre, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yuan Chuang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Infection and Immunity Research Centre, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Immunology Centre, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Arthur Chen
- AIDS Prevention and Research Centre, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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27
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Smulski CR, Beyrath J, Decossas M, Chekkat N, Wolff P, Estieu-Gionnet K, Guichard G, Speiser D, Schneider P, Fournel S. Cysteine-rich domain 1 of CD40 mediates receptor self-assembly. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10914-22. [PMID: 23463508 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.427583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of CD40 on B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells by its ligand CD154 (CD40L) is essential for the development of humoral and cellular immune responses. CD40L and other TNF superfamily ligands are noncovalent homotrimers, but the form under which CD40 exists in the absence of ligand remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that both cell surface-expressed and soluble CD40 self-assemble, most probably as noncovalent dimers. The cysteine-rich domain 1 (CRD1) of CD40 participated to dimerization and was also required for efficient receptor expression. Modelization of a CD40 dimer allowed the identification of lysine 29 in CRD1, whose mutation decreased CD40 self-interaction without affecting expression or response to ligand. When expressed alone, recombinant CD40-CRD1 bound CD40 with a K(D) of 0.6 μM. This molecule triggered expression of maturation markers on human dendritic cells and potentiated CD40L activity. These results suggest that CD40 self-assembly modulates signaling, possibly by maintaining the receptor in a quiescent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian R Smulski
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques, CNRS UPR 9021, 15 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
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28
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Zhou J, Song SD, Li DC, Zhou J, Zhu DM, Zheng SY. Clinical significance of expression and amplification of the DcR3 gene in pancreatic carcinomas. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:719-24. [PMID: 22524850 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.2.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of expression and amplification of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) in pancreatic carcinomas (PC). mRNA expression was detected by PQ-PCR, and amplification was determined. DcR3 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Correlations between DcR3 expression and clinical pathological factors were analyzed. The relative amount of DcR3 in PC tissues and non-cancerous tissues showed a statistically significant difference, 21 cases displaying more than two fold DcR3 amplification, while no such amplification was found in normal pancreatic tissues. DcR3 positive cell staining was located in the cytoplasm. The positive rate of DcR3 in PC and non-cancerous tissues showed a significant difference. DcR3 mRNA expression was correlated with clinical staging, size of the tumor, lymph node metastasis and histological staging, while protein expression was correlated with clinical data like tumor size. DcR3 gene amplification only correlated with tumor size. The level of DcR3 in serum of the PC resectable group before operation was 72.2±10.2 pg/ml, showing a significant difference compared to gallbladder carcinoma group (GC) or pancreatic benign tumor (PBT) group (P <0.01). In conclusion, DcR3 amplification is correlated with DcR3 expression in PC tissues, especially those clinical pathological factors which reflect tumor progression. Assessment of DcR3 level in sera of PC patients may be helpful for the early diagnosis and prognostic judgement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
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29
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Yang D, Fan X, Yin P, Wen Q, Yan F, Yuan S, Liu B, Zhuang G, Liu Z. Significance of decoy receptor 3 (Dcr3) and external-signal regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) in gastric cancer. BMC Immunol 2012; 13:28. [PMID: 22672288 PMCID: PMC3459731 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-13-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, is associated with anti-tumor immunity suppression. It is highly expressed in many tumors, and its expression can be regulated by the MAPK/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. The MAPK/MEK/ERK pathway has been reported to be a regulator in tumor occurrence, development and clonal expansion. External-signal regulated kinase (ERK) is a vital member of this pathway. Results The expression of DcR3 and ERK1/2 in tumor tissues of gastric cancer patients was significantly higher than the non-cancerous group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference among tumor tissues from patients with different ages or gender, and even of different differentiation (P > 0.05). However, in patients with stage I gastric cancer, the DcR3 and ERK1/2 levels were significantly lower than patients with more advanced stages. Conclusions DcR3 and ERK1/2 play a vital role in the development of gastric cancer, and they may be new markers for indicating the efficiency of gastric cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Yang
- Anti-Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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30
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Connor JP, Felder M, Kapur A, Onujiogu N. DcR3 binds to ovarian cancer via heparan sulfate proteoglycans and modulates tumor cells response to platinum with corresponding alteration in the expression of BRCA1. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:176. [PMID: 22583667 PMCID: PMC3462721 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overcoming platinum resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC). In our previous work Decoy Receptor 3 (DcR3) was found to be related to platinum resistance. The major objective of this work was to define the cellular interaction of DcR3 with EOC and to explore its effects on platinum responsiveness. METHODS We studied cell lines and primary cultures for the expression of and the cells ability to bind DcR3. Cells were cultured with DcR3 and then exposed to platinum. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Finally, the cells molecular response to DcR3 was studied using real time RT-PCR based differential expression arrays, standard RT-PCR, and Western blot. RESULTS High DcR3 in the peritoneal cavity of women with EOC is associated with significantly shorter time to first recurrence after platinum based therapy (p = 0.02). None-malignant cells contribute DcR3 in the peritoneal cavity. The cell lines studied do not secrete DcR3; however they all bind exogenous DcR3 to their surface implying that they can be effected by DcR3 from other sources. DcR3s protein binding partners are minimally expressed or negative, however, all cells expressed the DcR3 binding Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (HSPGs) Syndecans-2, and CD44v3. DcR3 binding was inhibited by heparin and heparinase. After DcR3 exposure both SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 became more resistant to platinum with 15% more cells surviving at high doses. On the contrary CaOV3 became more sensitive to platinum with 20-25% more cell death. PCR array analysis showed increase expression of BRCA1 mRNA in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 and decreased BRCA1 expression in CaOV-3 after exposure to DcR3. This was confirmed by gene specific real time PCR and Western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS Non-malignant cells contribute to the high levels of DcR3 in ovarian cancer. DcR3 binds readily to EOC cells via HSPGs and alter their responsiveness to platinum chemotherapy. The paradoxical responses seen were related to the expression pattern of HSPGs available on the cells surface to interact with. Although the mechanism behind this is not completely known alterations in DNA repair pathways including the expression of BRCA1 appear to be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Connor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53703, USA.
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Triptolide triggers the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via the downregulation of Decoy receptor 3 expression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:1597-605. [PMID: 22581262 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triptolide (TPL) is a diterpenoid triepoxide that effectively induces apoptosis in a wide variety of cancer cells. However, the detailed mechanism by which TPL activates caspase cascade remains elusive. This study aimed to examine the antitumor effects of TPL against pancreatic cancer and investigate the underlying mechanism. METHODS Cell proliferation was evaluated by sulforhodamine B assay. The apoptosis was evaluated by caspase activity assay, Western blot and flow cytometry. DcR3 level was measured by ELISA. AsPC-1 xenografts were established to compare the in vivo antitumor effects of TPL and Gemcitabine. RESULTS TPL inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. TPL also inhibited DcR3 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. siRNA-mediated DcR3 knockdown sensitized pancreatic cancer cells to TPL-induced apoptosis. In vivo, DcR3 siRNA significantly enhanced TPL-induced apoptosis and tumor growth inhibition. Moreover, TPL showed less toxicity compared to Gemcitabine in mice model. CONCLUSIONS TPL induces the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via the downregulation of DcR3 expression and has the potential as an effective agent against pancreatic cancer.
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32
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Tai SK, Chang HC, Lan KL, Lee CT, Yang CY, Chen NJ, Chou TY, Tarng DC, Hsieh SL. Decoy receptor 3 enhances tumor progression via induction of tumor-associated macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:2464-71. [PMID: 22287720 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major component of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. TAMs are heterogeneous, with distinct phenotypes influenced by the microenvironment surrounding tumor tissues. Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a member of the TNFR superfamily, is overexpressed in tumor cells and is capable of modulating host immunity as either a neutralizing decoy receptor or an effector molecule. Upregulation of DcR3 has been observed to correlate with a poor prognosis in various cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying the DcR3-mediated tumor-promoting effect remain unclear. We previously demonstrated that DcR3 modulates macrophage activation toward an M2-like phenotype in vitro and that DcR3 downregulates MHC class II expression in TAMs via epigenetic control. To investigate whether DcR3 promotes tumor growth, CT26-DcR3 stable transfectants were established. Compared with the vector control clone, DcR3-transfectants grew faster and resulted in TAM infiltration. We further generated CD68 promoter-driven DcR3 transgenic (Tg) mice to investigate tumor growth in vivo. Compared with wild-type mice, macrophages isolated from DcR3-Tg mice displayed higher levels of IL-10, IL-1ra, Ym1, and arginase activity, whereas the expression of IL-12, TNF-α, IL-6, NO, and MHC class II was downregulated. Significantly enhanced tumor growth and spreading were observed in DcR3-Tg mice, and the enhanced tumor growth was abolished by arginase inhibitor N-ω-hydroxy-l-norarginine and histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium valproate. These results indicated that induction of TAMs is an important mechanism for DcR3-mediated tumor progression. Our findings also suggest that targeting DcR3 might help in the development of novel treatment strategies for tumors with high DcR3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Kuan Tai
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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33
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Bamias G, Kaltsa G, Siakavellas SI, Gizis M, Margantinis G, Zampeli E, Vafiadis-Zoumboulis I, Michopoulos S, Daikos GL, Ladas SD. Differential expression of the TL1A/DcR3 system of TNF/TNFR-like proteins in large vs. small intestinal Crohn's disease. Dig Liver Dis 2012; 44:30-6. [PMID: 21978578 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNF-like cytokine 1A provides co-stimulatory signals to activated lymphocytes through binding to death-domain receptor-3. Decoy receptor-3 inhibits death-domain receptor-3 signalling, rendering immunocytes resistant to apoptosis. These functions may be important for the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. AIMS To study the mucosal and systemic expression of Decoy receptor-3 and TNF-like cytokine 1A in Crohn's disease, in relation to disease activity, localization, and response to treatment. METHODS Soluble Decoy receptor-3 and TNF-like cytokine 1A were measured by ELISA in active or quiescent Crohn's disease. Relative mRNA expression in non-affected and inflamed intestinal mucosa was determined by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS We found significant upregulation of Decoy receptor-3 and its ligands TNF-like cytokine 1A and FasL in inflamed intestinal mucosa of Crohn's disease patients. During active disease, Decoy receptor-3 and TNF-like cytokine 1A were detected in the serum in the majority of patients. Intestinal inflammation was strongly associated with these elevations as they were absent during remission and significantly reduced with anti-inflammatory treatment. Regional diversity was observed as Decoy receptor-3 was upregulated in colonic and ileal sites, whereas TNF-like cytokine 1A was preferentially induced in the large bowel mucosa and systemic circulation of patients with colonic involvement. CONCLUSIONS TNF-like cytokine 1A and Decoy receptor-3 are upregulated during active Crohn's disease and may participate in disease pathogenesis and offer novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos Bamias
- GI Division - 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, "Laikon" General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 17 Agiou Thoma st., 11527 Athens, Greece.
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34
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Yoo S, Jang J, Kim S, Cho H, Lee MS. Expression of DcR3 and Its Effects in Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Infected Human Endothelial Cells. Intervirology 2012; 55:45-52. [DOI: 10.1159/000323522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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35
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Steinberg M, Cheung TC, Ware CF. The signaling networks of the herpesvirus entry mediator (TNFRSF14) in immune regulation. Immunol Rev 2011; 244:169-87. [PMID: 22017438 PMCID: PMC3381650 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) (TNFRSF14) regulates T-cell immune responses by activating both inflammatory and inhibitory signaling pathways. HVEM acts as both a receptor for the canonical TNF-related ligands, LIGHT [lymphotoxin-like, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for HVEM, a receptor expressed on T lymphocytes] and lymphotoxin-α, and as a ligand for the immunoglobulin superfamily proteins BTLA (B and T lymphocyte attenuator) and CD160, a feature distinguishing HVEM from other immune regulatory molecules. The ability of HVEM to interact with multiple ligands in distinct configurations creates a functionally diverse set of intrinsic and bidirectional signaling pathways that control both inflammatory and inhibitory responses. The HVEM system is integrated into the larger LTβR and TNFR network through extensive shared ligand and receptor usage. Experimental mouse models and human diseases indicate that dysregulation of HVEM network may contribute to autoimmune pathogenesis, making it an attractive target for drug intervention.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Autoimmunity
- GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics
- GPI-Linked Proteins/immunology
- GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Herpes Simplex/immunology
- Herpes Simplex/metabolism
- Herpes Simplex/virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/genetics
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/immunology
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/metabolism
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/genetics
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/immunology
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Receptor Cross-Talk/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carl F. Ware
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Sanford|Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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36
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Guggino G, Giardina AR, Ciccia F, Triolo G, Dieli F, Sireci G. Are Toll-like receptors and decoy receptors involved in the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus-like syndromes? Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2012:135932. [PMID: 21860649 PMCID: PMC3157161 DOI: 10.1155/2012/135932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we focus our attention on the role of two families of receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLR) and decoy receptors (DcR) involved in the generation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus-like syndromes in human and mouse models. To date, these molecules were described in several autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, antiphospholipids syndrome, bowel inflammation, and SLE. Here, we summarize the findings of recent investigations on TLR and DcR and their role in the immunopathogenesis of the SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Guggino
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi, Università degli Studi di Palermo, DIBIMEF, Corso Tukory 211, 90100 Palermo, Italy
- Divisione di Reumatologia, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Giardina
- Divisione di Reumatologia, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Divisione di Reumatologia, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Triolo
- Divisione di Reumatologia, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi, Università degli Studi di Palermo, DIBIMEF, Corso Tukory 211, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Guido Sireci
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi, Università degli Studi di Palermo, DIBIMEF, Corso Tukory 211, 90100 Palermo, Italy
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Tu HF, Liu CJ, Liu SY, Chen YP, Yu EH, Lin SC, Chang KW. Serum decoy receptor 3 level: a predictive marker for nodal metastasis and survival among oral cavity cancer patients. Head Neck 2011; 33:396-402. [PMID: 20645287 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Validating markers for prediction of nodal metastasis could be beneficial in treatment of oral cavity cancer. Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), locus on 20q13, functions as a death decoy inhibiting apoptosis mediated by the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family. METHODS This study analyzed the serum level of DcR3 in relationship to the clinical parameters of oral cavity cancer patients together with detection of DcR3 genomic copy number in primary and recurrent tumors. RESULTS Elevated serum DcR3 was associated with nodal metastasis and worse prognosis. Gain of DcR3 copy number was detected in 17% of primary tumor tissue but not found in healthy areca chewers. Tissue from recurrent tumors showed more frequent DcR3 copy number alteration (48%) than the paired primary tumor tissue. CONCLUSIONS Serum DcR3 level is a predictor for the nodal metastasis and survival among oral cavity cancer patients and the DcR3 copy number alteration could underlie oral carcinogenesis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Feng Tu
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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38
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Zhan C, Patskovsky Y, Yan Q, Li Z, Ramagopal U, Cheng H, Brenowitz M, Hui X, Nathenson SG, Almo SC. Decoy strategies: the structure of TL1A:DcR3 complex. Structure 2011; 19:162-71. [PMID: 21300286 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Decoy Receptor 3 (DcR3), a secreted member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, neutralizes three different TNF ligands: FasL, LIGHT, and TL1A. Each of these ligands engages unique signaling receptors which direct distinct and critical immune responses. We report the crystal structures of the unliganded DcR3 ectodomain and its complex with TL1A, as well as complementary mutagenesis and biochemical studies. These analyses demonstrate that DcR3 interacts with invariant backbone and side-chain atoms in the membrane-proximal half of TL1A which supports recognition of its three distinct TNF ligands. Additional features serve as antideterminants that preclude interaction with other members of the TNF superfamily. This mode of interaction is unique among characterized TNF:TNFR family members and provides a mechanistic basis for the broadened specificity required to support the decoy function of DcR3, as well as for the rational manipulation of specificity and affinity of DcR3 and its ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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39
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Lin WW, Hsieh SL. Decoy receptor 3: a pleiotropic immunomodulator and biomarker for inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:838-47. [PMID: 21295012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several decoy molecules belonging to tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) have been identified, including decoy receptor 1 (DcR1), decoy receptor 2 (DcR2), and decoy receptor 3 (DcR3). One of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) members, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), binds to DcR1 and DcR2, which are membranous receptors with a truncated cytoplasmic domain, thus unable to transduce TRAIL-mediated signaling. In contrast to DcR1 and DcR2, DcR3 is a soluble receptor capable of neutralizing the biological effects of three other TNFSF members: Fas ligand (FasL/TNFSF6/CD95L), LIGHT (TNFSF14) and TNF-like molecule 1A (TL1A/TNFSF15). Since FasL is a potent apoptosis- and inflammation-inducing factor, LIGHT is involved in apoptosis and inflammation, and TL1A is a T cell costimulator and is involved in gut inflammation, DcR3 can be defined as an immunomodulator on the basis of its neutralizing effects on FasL, LIGHT, and TL1A. Initial studies demonstrated that DcR3 expression is elevated in tumors cells; however, later work showed that DcR3 expression is also upregulated in inflammatory diseases, where serum DcR3 levels correlate with disease progression. In addition to its neutralizing effect, DcR3 also acts as an effector molecule to modulate cell function via 'non-decoy' activities. This review focuses on the immunomodulatory effects of DcR3 via 'decoy' and 'non-decoy' functions, and discusses the potential of DcR3 as a biomarker to predict cancer invasion and inflammation progression. We also discuss the possible utility of recombinant DcR3 as a therapeutic agent to control autoimmune diseases, as well as the potential to attenuate tumor progression by inhibiting DcR3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Wan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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40
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Ge Z, Sanders AJ, Ye L, Jiang WG. Aberrant expression and function of death receptor-3 and death decoy receptor-3 in human cancer. Exp Ther Med 2011; 2:167-172. [PMID: 22977485 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Death receptor-3 (DR3) and death decoy receptor-3 (DcR3) are both members of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. The TNFR superfamily contains eight death domain-containing receptors, including TNFR1 (also called DR1), Fas (also called DR2), DR3, DR4, DR5, DR6, NGFR and EDAR. Upon the binding of these receptors with their corresponding ligands, the death domain recruits various proteins that mediate both the death and proliferation of cells. Receptor function is negatively regulated by decoy receptors (DcR1, DcR2, DcR3 and OPG). DR3/DcR3 are a pair of positive and negative players with which vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI) interacts. VEGI has been suggested to be a potential tumour suppressor. The inhibitory effects of VEGI on cancer are manifested in three main areas: a direct effect on cancer cells, an anti-angiogenic effect on endothelial cells, and the stimulation of dendritic cell maturation. A recent study indicated that DR3 may be a new receptor for E-selectin, which has been reported to be associated with cancer metastasis. DcR3 is a soluble receptor, highly expressed in various tumours, which lacks an apparent transmembrane segment, prevents cytokine response through ligand binding and neutralization, and is an inhibitor of apoptosis. DcR3 serves as a decoy receptor for FasL, LIGHT and VEGI. The cytokine LIGHT activates various anti-tumour functions and is expected to be a promising candidate for cancer therapy. Certain tumours may escape FasL-dependent immune-cytotoxic attack by expressing DcR3, which blocks FasL function. DR3/DcR3 play profound roles in regulating cell death and proliferation in cancer. The present review briefly discusses DR3/DcR3 and attempts to elucidate the role of these negative and positive players in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Ge
- Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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Xiong G, Guo H, Ge X, Xu X, Yang X, Yang K, Jiang Y, Bai Y. Decoy receptor 3 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: correlation with tumour invasion and metastasis. Biomarkers 2010; 16:155-60. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2010.536258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xiong
- Dr. Gang Xiong, Prof. Kang Yang, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Hong Guo
- Dr. Hong Guo, Dr. Xueqing Xu, Dr. Xiaoya Yang, Prof. Yun Bai, Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Dr. Xiaodong Ge, Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Dr. Hong Guo, Dr. Xueqing Xu, Dr. Xiaoya Yang, Prof. Yun Bai, Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Yang
- Dr. Hong Guo, Dr. Xueqing Xu, Dr. Xiaoya Yang, Prof. Yun Bai, Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Kang Yang
- Dr. Gang Xiong, Prof. Kang Yang, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Yaoguang Jiang
- Prof. Yaoguang Jiang, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P. R. China
| | - Yun Bai
- Dr. Hong Guo, Dr. Xueqing Xu, Dr. Xiaoya Yang, Prof. Yun Bai, Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is amplified and over-expressed in various cancers. The objective of the present study was to investigate the concentration of DcR3 in sera of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and its clinical significance. METHODS Serum concentrations of DcR3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 67 patients with HCC, 8 with liver cirrhosis, 17 with cholecystitis, and in 28 healthy individuals. Immunohistochemistry was employed to access protein expression of DcR3 in the corresponding HCC tissues. RESULTS Serum concentrations of DcR3 in patients with HCC or cirrhosis were significantly higher than in healthy individuals (P < 0.01). Moreover, serum concentrations of DcR3 in HCC patients were associated with TNM stage, para-cirrhosis, capsular infiltration, and metastasis or recurrence of disease (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the serum concentration of DcR3 and protein expression in HCC tissues (r = 0.472, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The high serum concentration of DcR3 might play a certain role in pathogenesis, progress, and metastasis of HCC. Moreover, DcR3 might serve as a valuable molecular indicator in early diagnosis and contribute to predicting the clinical outcome in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisongzhu Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Jishou University, Jishou 416000, People's Republic ofChina
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Yiwu Dang
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Dianzhong Luo
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic ofChina
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Bamias G, Kaltsa G, Siakavellas SI, Papaxoinis K, Zampeli E, Michopoulos S, Zouboulis-Vafiadis I, Ladas SD. High intestinal and systemic levels of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) and its ligand TL1A in active ulcerative colitis. Clin Immunol 2010; 137:242-9. [PMID: 20675196 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Decoy receptor-3 (DcR3) is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily of proteins, which has been implicated in anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory pathways, via binding to TL1A, LIGHT and Fas-L. The role of the TL1A/DcR3 ligand/receptor pair in ulcerative colitis (UC) has not been studied. We investigated the systemic (peripheral blood) and local (large intestine) expression of DcR3 and TL1A in 64 patients with UC and 56 healthy controls. DcR3 serum concentrations were highly elevated in patients with active UC (P<0.0001 vs. healthy controls). This elevation was clearly related to the presence of intestinal inflammation as it was less frequently observed in patients in remission (P=0.003 vs. active UC) whereas effective treatment resulted in disappearance or significant decrease of serum DcR3 (P=0.006 vs. pre-treatment). Furthermore, DcR3 mRNA transcripts were significantly elevated in inflamed areas of the colon (P=0.002 vs. non-affected of the same patient). In addition to DcR3 elevation, we found increased circulating levels of TL1A in patients with either active or inactive UC in comparison to healthy controls (P<0.001 for both). We conclude that elevated serum DcR3 may serve as an indicator of active colonic inflammation in patients with UC. TL1A/DcR3-mediated pathways may participate in the pathogenesis of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos Bamias
- Gastroenterology Division - First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 17 Agiou Thoma st., 11527, Athens, Greece.
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Cheung TC, Coppieters K, Sanjo H, Oborne LM, Norris PS, Coddington A, Granger SW, Elewaut D, Ware CF. Polymorphic variants of LIGHT (TNF superfamily-14) alter receptor avidity and bioavailability. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:1949-58. [PMID: 20592286 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The TNF superfamily member homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes (LIGHT) [TNF superfamily (SF)-14], is a key cytokine that activates T cells and dendritic cells and is implicated as a mediator of inflammatory, metabolic, and malignant diseases. LIGHT engages the lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTbetaR) and HVEM (TNFRSF14), but is competitively limited in activating these receptors by soluble decoy receptor-3 (DcR3; TNFRSF6B). Two variants in the human LIGHT alter the protein at E214K (rs344560) in the receptor-binding domain and S32L (rs2291667) in the cytosolic domain; however, the functional impact of these polymorphisms is unknown. A neutralizing Ab failed to bind the LIGHT-214K variant, indicating this position as a part of the receptor-binding region. Relative to the predominant reference variant S32/E214, the other variants showed altered avidity with LTbetaR and less with HVEM. Heterotrimers of the LIGHT variants decreased binding avidity to DcR3 and minimized the inhibitory effect of DcR3 toward LTbetaR-induced activation of NF-kappaB. In patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, DcR3 protein levels were significantly elevated. Immunohistochemistry revealed synoviocytes as a significant source of DcR3 production, and DcR3 hyperexpression is controlled by posttranscriptional mechanisms. The increased potential for LTbetaR signaling, coupled with increased bioavailability due to lower DcR3 avidity, provides a mechanism of how polymorphic variants in LIGHT could contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Cheung
- Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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45
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Chen G, Rong M, Luo D. TNFRSF6B neutralization antibody inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cell. Pathol Res Pract 2010; 206:631-41. [PMID: 20591579 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor receptor super-family member 6b (TNFRSF6B) is over-expressed in various human cancers, but its function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains uncertain. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between TNFRSF6B expression and apoptosis in HCC and the effect of anti-TNFRSF6B neutralization monoclonal antibody (McAb) on HCC cells. TNFRSF6B mRNA and protein expression were compared with apoptosis in 78 cases of HCC. Proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration ability of liver cancer cells co-cultured with anti-TNFRSF6B McAb were also detected. TNFRSF6B mRNA and protein expression in the tumor tissues negatively correlated with apoptosis. Cell proliferation was decreased, cell cycle was arrested in G1/S-phase, apoptosis was increased, and migration ability was inhibited by anti-TNFRSF6B McAb in vitro. Anti-TNFRSF6B McAb could be useful to suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in HCC. Thus, TNFRSF6B might be a critical, targeted therapy strategy for HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Neutralizing
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Separation
- DNA Fragmentation
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, PR China
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Morishige T, Yoshioka Y, Inakura H, Tanabe A, Yao X, Tsunoda SI, Tsutsumi Y, Mukai Y, Okada N, Nakagawa S. Creation of a lysine-deficient LIGHT mutant with the capacity for site-specific PEGylation and low affinity for a decoy receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 393:888-93. [PMID: 20175993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine LIGHT is a promising candidate for cancer therapy. However, the therapeutic effect of LIGHT as a systemic anticancer agent is currently insufficient because of its instability and its binding to nonfunctional soluble decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), which is overexpressed in various tumors. Modification of proteins with polyethylene glycol (PEGylation) can improve their in vivo stability, but PEGylation may occur randomly at all lysine residues and the NH(2)-terminus; therefore, PEGylated proteins are generally heterogeneous and have decreased bioactivity. In this study, we attempted to create a lysine-deficient LIGHT mutant that could be PEGylated site-specifically and would have lower affinity for DcR3. We prepared phage libraries expressing LIGHT mutants in which all the lysine residues were replaced with other amino acids. A lysine-deficient LIGHT mutant [mLIGHT-Lys(-)] was isolated by panning against lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTbetaR). mLIGHT-Lys(-) could be site-specifically PEGylated at its NH(2)-terminus, yielding molecular uniformity and in vitro bioactivity equal to that of non-PEGylated, wild-type LIGHT. Furthermore, mLIGHT-Lys(-) was not trapped by the nonfunctional DcR3, despite binding to its functional receptors. These results suggest that mLIGHT-Lys(-) might be a useful candidate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Morishige
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Morishige T, Yoshioka Y, Inakura H, Tanabe A, Yao X, Tsunoda SI, Tsutsumi Y, Mukai Y, Okada N, Nakagawa S. Creation of a LIGHT mutant with the capacity to evade the decoy receptor for cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2010; 31:3357-63. [PMID: 20117833 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine LIGHT activates various anti-tumor functions through its two receptors, lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTbetaR) and herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), and is expected to be a promising candidate for cancer therapy. However, LIGHT is also trapped by decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), which is highly expressed in various tumors. Here, we used phage display technique to create LIGHT mutants that specifically bind LTbetaR and HVEM, and is not trapped by DcR3 for optimized cancer therapy. We constructed phage library displaying structural variants of LIGHT with randomized amino acid residues. After the affinity panning, we created 6 clones of LIGHT mutants as candidates for DcR3-evading LIGHT. Analysis of binding affinities showed that all candidates had 10-fold lower affinities for DcR3 than wild-type LIGHT, while 5 of the 6 clones had almost the same affinity for LTbetaR and HVEM. Furthermore, analysis of detailed binding kinetics showed that lower affinity for DcR3 is dependent on their faster off-rate. Further, we showed that the LIGHT mutant had almost the same cytotoxicity via LTbetaR, and had 62-fold higher DcR3-evading capacity compared to the wild type. Our data provide valuable information for construction of more functional LIGHT mutants that might be powerful tools for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Morishige
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Han B, Wu J. DcR3 Protects Islet β Cells from Apoptosis through Modulating Adcyap1 and Bank1 Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:8157-66. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Liang QL, Wang BR, Li GH. DcR3 and survivin are highly expressed in colorectal carcinoma and closely correlated to its clinicopathologic parameters. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2009; 10:675-82. [PMID: 19735100 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b0920077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of death decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) and survivin in colorectal carcinoma. METHODS Tumor and normal tissues were taken from a total of 100 colorectal carcinoma patients during surgery, and the expression of DcR3 and survivin was examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses. RESULTS RT-PCR showed that the expression levels of DcR3 mRNA (0.846+/-0.242, P<0.01) and survivin mRNA (0.7835+/-0.2392, P<0.01) in colorectal cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent normal tissues. Western blotting showed that the expression levels of DcR3 protein (0.795+/-0.261, P<0.01) and survivin protein (0.6765+/-0.1351, P<0.01) in tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in non-cancer tissues. The immunohistochemical streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) method showed that the positive expression rates of DcR3 and survivin were 67.0% and 58.0% in colorectal cancer tissues, and 18.0% and 3.0% in non-cancerous colorectal tissues (P<0.05), respectively. The positive correlations of DcR3 (P<0.01) and survivin (P<0.01) to the differentiation of colorectal carcinoma cells, lymph node metastasis, and pathological stage were observed. The expression of DcR3 and survivin was found to be positively correlated to clinicopathologic parameters of colorectal carcinoma. CONCLUSION The overexpressed DcR3 and survivin in colorectal cancer may contribute to the development of the cancer. The monitoring of these two proteins may be useful for the diagnosis, differentiation, metastasis, and determination of stages of colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-lian Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
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Wang LP, Yang SM, Zhang LR. Small interfering RNA targeting decoy receptor 3 sensitizes colon cancer cells (SW480) to radiation treatment. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:2722-2726. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i26.2722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) can sensitize colon cancer cells (SW480) to radiation treatment and analyze the significance of DcR3 expression in the prediction of radiation resistance in colon cancer before radiotherapy.
METHODS: After SW480 cells were irradiated with different doses of 137Cs gamma rays for different durations, the expression levels of DcR3 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An expression vector expressing siRNA targeting DcR3 was then constructed. After the expression vector was transfected into irradiated and unirradiated SW480 cells, the colony formation ability of these cells was determined by colony formation assay, and cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.
RESULTS: Compared with unirradiated SW480 cells, the expression level of DcR3 increased in SW480 cells irradiated with different doses of 137Cs gamma rays for different durations, especially remarkable in cells irradiated with 10 Gy 137Cs gamma rays (P < 0.05). Compared with irradiated untransfected SW480 cells and unirradiated transfected SW480 cells, the colony formation was enhanced, the M1 peak in cell cycle was elevated and the number of apoptotic bodies increased in irradiated transfected SW480 cells.
CONCLUSION: siRNA targeting DcR3 can sensitize colon cancer cells (SW480) to radiation treatment. High DcR3 expression may predict the development of radiation resistance in colon cancer.
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