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The Importance of the Immune System and Molecular Cell Signaling Pathways in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021506. [PMID: 36675020 PMCID: PMC9861992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a disease that in recent years has become one of the greatest threats to modern society. Every year there are more and more new cases and the percentage of deaths caused by this type of cancer increases. Despite many studies, scientists are still looking for answers regarding the mechanisms of lung cancer development and progression, with particular emphasis on the role of the immune system. The aim of this literature review was to present the importance of disorders of the immune system and the accompanying changes at the level of cell signaling in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. The collected results showed that in the process of immunopathogenesis of almost all subtypes of lung cancer, changes in the tumor microenvironment, deregulation of immune checkpoints and abnormalities in cell signaling pathways are involved, which contribute to the multistage and multifaceted carcinogenesis of this type of cancer. We, therefore, suggest that in future studies, researchers should focus on a detailed analysis of tumor microenvironmental immune checkpoints, and to validate their validity, perform genetic polymorphism analyses in a wide range of patients and healthy individuals to determine the genetic susceptibility to lung cancer development. In addition, further research related to the analysis of the tumor microenvironment; immune system disorders, with a particular emphasis on immunological checkpoints and genetic differences may contribute to the development of new personalized therapies that improve the prognosis of patients.
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Wu J, Chen Y, Lin Y, Lan F, Cui Z. Cancer-testis antigen lactate dehydrogenase C4 as a novel biomarker of male infertility and cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:936767. [PMID: 36408133 PMCID: PMC9667869 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.936767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A unique lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme designated as lactate dehydrogenase C4 (LDH-C4) is found in mammalian mature testis and spermatozoa. Thus far, LDH-C4 has been well studied with regard to its gene and amino acid sequences, structure, biological properties, and peptide synthesis. Accumulating evidence has shown that LDH-C4 is closely related to spermatic energy metabolism and plays a critical role in sperm motility, capacitation, and fertilization. Defects in the catalytic activity of LDH-C4 are key to pathophysiological abnormalities underlying infertility. LDH-C4 was originally thought to be present only in mature testis and spermatozoa; however, recent studies have implicated LDH-C4 as a cancer-testis antigen (CTA), owing to its aberrant transcription in a broad spectrum of human neoplasms. This review highlights the recent findings on LDH-C4 with particular emphasis on its role in male infertility and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yingying Lin, ; Fenghua Lan, ; Zhaolei Cui,
| | - Fenghua Lan
- Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yingying Lin, ; Fenghua Lan, ; Zhaolei Cui,
| | - Zhaolei Cui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yingying Lin, ; Fenghua Lan, ; Zhaolei Cui,
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Diacofotaki A, Loriot A, De Smet C. Identification of Tissue-Specific Gene Clusters Induced by DNA Demethylation in Lung Adenocarcinoma: More Than Germline Genes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041007. [PMID: 35205751 PMCID: PMC8870412 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Loss of DNA methylation is often observed in human tumors, but how this epigenetic alteration impacts the transcriptome of cancer cells remains largely undefined. So far, DNA hypomethylation in tumors has been associated with aberrant activation of a germline-specific gene expression program. Here, we exploited transcriptomic and methylomic datasets of lung adenocarcinoma to investigate the possibility that other gene expression programs also become ectopically activated in hypomethylated tumors. Remarkably, we found that DNA hypomethylation in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with ectopic activation of not only germline-specific genes, but also gene clusters displaying specific expression in the gastrointestinal tract, or in stratified epithelia. Interestingly, expression of genes in this latter group was of prognostic value. Together, our study brings novel insight into the transcriptomic changes associated with DNA hypomethylation in tumors, and is an incentive to explore the value of hypomethylated DNA sequences as cancer biomarkers. Abstract Genome-wide loss of DNA methylation is commonly observed in human cancers, but its impact on the tumor transcriptome remains ill-defined. Previous studies demonstrated that this epigenetic alteration causes aberrant activation of a germline-specific gene expression program. Here, we examined if DNA hypomethylation in tumors also leads to de-repression of gene clusters with other tissue specificities. To this end, we explored transcriptomic and methylomic datasets from human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell lines, normal lung, and lung alveolar type II cells, considered as the origin of LUAD. Interestingly, DNA demethylation in LUAD cell lines was associated with activation of not only germline-specific (CG) genes, but also gene clusters displaying specific expression in the gastrointestinal tract (GI), or in stratified epithelia (SE). Consistently, genes from all three clusters showed highly specific patterns of promoter methylation among normal tissues and cell types, and were generally sensitive to induction by a DNA demethylating agent. Analysis of TCGA datasets confirmed that demethylation and activation of CG, GI and SE genes also occurs in vivo in LUAD tumor tissues, in association with global genome hypomethylation. For genes of the GI cluster, we demonstrated that HNF4A is a necessary factor for transcriptional activation following promoter demethylation. Interestingly, expression of several SE genes, in particular FAM83A, correlated with both tumor grade and reduced patient survival. Together, our study uncovers novel cell-type specific gene clusters that become aberrantly activated in LUAD tumors in association with genome-wide hypomethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Diacofotaki
- Group of Genetics and Epigenetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.D.); (A.L.)
| | - Axelle Loriot
- Group of Genetics and Epigenetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.D.); (A.L.)
- Group of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles De Smet
- Group of Genetics and Epigenetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.D.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Zhang J, Zhang F, Zhang F, Wu H, Zhang B, Wu X. Correlation between promoter methylation of the LDH‑C4 gene and DNMT expression in breast cancer and their prognostic significance. Oncol Lett 2021; 23:35. [PMID: 34966451 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Nursing Department, Hengshui Health School, Hengshui, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Fengqin Zhang
- Pathology Department, Hengshui People's Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hengshui, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyun Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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He M, Chi X, Shi X, Sun Y, Yang X, Wang L, Wang B, Li H. Value of pretreatment serum lactate dehydrogenase as a prognostic and predictive factor for small-cell lung cancer patients treated with first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:3101-3109. [PMID: 34725930 PMCID: PMC8636211 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study aimed to evaluate the serum pretreatment lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and overall survival (OS) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients who received first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy. METHODS A total of 234 SCLC patients, who received first-line platinum-based chemotherapy between 2013 and 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. The data of hematological characteristics, age, gender, ECOG score, staging, metastatic site, smoking history, chemotherapy cycle, thoracic radiotherapy and hyponatremia were collected. Overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The statistically significant factors in the univariate analysis were selected for the multivariate COX model analysis. RESULTS Age, ECOG score, stage, thoracic radiotherapy, hyponatremia, liver metastasis, brain metastasis, bone metastasis, LDH, NSE and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were closely correlated to OS in the univariate analysis. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis revealed that age (<65 years), ECOG score (<2 points), limited-stage (LD), thoracic radiotherapy and LDH <215.70 U/L were the independent prognostic factors for survival. The median OS time was worse for patients with LDH ≥215.70 U/L. In the subgroup analysis, LDH ≥215.70 U/L was significant for survival in both limited and extensive disease. Patients who achieved CR + PR in the first-line treatment had lower initial LDH levels. It was found that the pretreatment LDH increased the incidence of patients with liver metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Positive independent prognostic factors for SCLC patients were age < 65 years old, ECOG score < 2 points, LD-SCLC, and pretreatment LDH <215.70 U/L. These factors may be useful for stratifying patients with SCLC for treatment approaches. KEY POINTS SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: Age < 65 years old, ECOG score < 2 points, LD-SCLC, and pretreatment LDH <215.70 U/L are the positive independent prognostic factors for SCLC patients. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS The current study provided more references for SCLC diagnosis and treatment and determined more factors for stratifying patients with SCLC for treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man He
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaorui Chi
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyan Shi
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Leirong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bingrui Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Zhao N, Ruan M, Koestler DC, Lu J, Marsit CJ, Kelsey KT, Platz EA, Michaud DS. Epigenome-wide scan identifies differentially methylated regions for lung cancer using pre-diagnostic peripheral blood. Epigenetics 2021; 17:460-472. [PMID: 34008478 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1923615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation markers have been associated with lung cancer risk and may identify aetiologically relevant genomic regions, or alternatively, be markers of disease risk factors or biological processes associated with disease development. METHODS In a nested case-control study, we measured blood leukocyte DNA methylation levels in pre-diagnostic samples collected from 430 participants (208 cases; 222 controls) in the 1989 CLUE II cohort. We compared DNA methylation levels with case/control status to identify novel genomic regions, both single CpG sites and differentially methylated regions (DMRs), while controlling for known DNA methylation changes associated with smoking using a previously described pack-years-based smoking methylation score. Stratification analyses were conducted over time from blood draw to diagnosis, histology, and smoking status. RESULTS We identified 16 single CpG sites and 40 DMRs significantly associated with lung cancer risk (q < 0.05). The identified genomic regions were associated with genes including H19, HOXA3/HOXA4, RUNX3, BRICD5, PLXNB2, and RP13. For the single CpG sites, the strongest association was noted for cg09736286 in the DIABLO gene (OR [for 1 SD] = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.95-4.59, P-value = 4.81 × 10-7). We found that CpG sites in the HOXA3/HOXA4 region were hypermethylated in cases compared to controls. CONCLUSION The single CpG sites and DMRs that we identified represented significant measurable differences in lung cancer risk, providing potential biomarkers for lung cancer risk stratification. Future studies will need to examine whether these regions are causally related to lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisi Zhao
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mengyuan Ruan
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jiayun Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dominique S Michaud
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Kundu S, Ray MD, Sharma A. Interplay between genome organization and epigenomic alterations of pericentromeric DNA in cancer. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:184-197. [PMID: 33840602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic genome biology, the genomic organization inside the three-dimensional (3D) nucleus is highly complex, and whether this organization governs gene expression is poorly understood. Nuclear lamina (NL) is a filamentous meshwork of proteins present at the lining of inner nuclear membrane that serves as an anchoring platform for genome organization. Large chromatin domains termed as lamina-associated domains (LADs), play a major role in silencing genes at the nuclear periphery. The interaction of the NL and genome is dynamic and stochastic. Furthermore, many genes change their positions during developmental processes or under disease conditions such as cancer, to activate certain sorts of genes and/or silence others. Pericentromeric heterochromatin (PCH) is mostly in the silenced region within the genome, which localizes at the nuclear periphery. Studies show that several genes located at the PCH are aberrantly expressed in cancer. The interesting question is that despite being localized in the pericentromeric region, how these genes still manage to overcome pericentromeric repression. Although epigenetic mechanisms control the expression of the pericentromeric region, recent studies about genome organization and genome-nuclear lamina interaction have shed light on a new aspect of pericentromeric gene regulation through a complex and coordinated interplay between epigenomic remodeling and genomic organization in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Kundu
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Cancer Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - M D Ray
- Department of Surgical Oncology, IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Cancer Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Cui Z, Li Y, Gao Y, Kong L, Lin Y, Chen Y. Cancer-testis antigen lactate dehydrogenase C4 in hepatocellular carcinoma: a promising biomarker for early diagnosis, efficacy evaluation and prognosis prediction. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19455-19467. [PMID: 33035196 PMCID: PMC7732326 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Expressions and clinical implications of cancer-testis antigen (CTA) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-C4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been fully elucidated. Herein, expressions of LDHC mRNA in the serum and serum-derived exosomes of early-stage HCC patients were determined using qRT-PCR, and the expression of LDH-C4 protein in HCC tissues was detected using high-throughput tissue microarray analysis. It was found that positive rates of LDHC mRNA expressions in the serum and serum exosomes of HCC patients were 68% and 60%, respectively. The AUCs of serum and exosomal LDHC in differentiating HCC patients from healthy controls were 0.8382 and 0.9451, respectively. The serum and exosomal LDHC levels in HCC patients in the treatment group were higher than the levels in the preliminary diagnosis group, but lower than those in the recurrence group. Survival analysis showed that the expression of LDH-C4 was negatively correlated with the prognosis of HCC. The Cox regression analysis showed that an LDH-C4 level was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of HCC patients. Therefore, serum and exosomal LDHC can be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis, efficacy evaluation and recurrence prediction of HCC. Moreover, LDH-C4 can be used as an important reference indicator for monitoring the prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolei Cui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350009, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yanni Gao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian, PR China
| | - Lingying Kong
- Department of Pathology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated People’s Hospital, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yingfeng Lin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian, PR China
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Hurtado López AM, Chen-Liang TH, Zurdo M, Carrillo-Tornel S, Panadero J, Salido EJ, Beltrán V, Muiña B, Amigo M, Navarro-Villamor N, Cifuentes R, Calabria I, Antón AI, Teruel R, Muro M, Vicente V, Jerez A. Cancer testis antigens in myelodysplastic syndromes revisited: a targeted RNA-seq approach. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1824642. [PMID: 33101773 PMCID: PMC7553508 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1824642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-Testis antigens (CTA) are named after the tissues where they are mainly expressed: in germinal and in cancer cells, a process that mimics many gametogenesis features. Mapping accurately the CTA gene expression signature in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a prerequisite for downstream immune target-discovery projects. In this study, we take advantage of the use of azacitidine to treat high-risk MDS and CMML to draw the CTAs landscape, before and after treatment, using an ad hoc targeted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) design for this group of low transcript genes. In 19 patients, 196 CTAs were detected at baseline. Azacitidine did not change the number of CTAs expressed, but it significantly increased or decreased expression in nine and five CTAs, respectively. TFDP3 and DDX53, emerged as the main candidates for immunotherapeutic targeting, as they showed three main features: i) a significant derepression on day +28 of cycle one in those patients who achieved complete remission with hypomethylating treatment (FC = 6, p = .008; FC = 2.1, p = .008, respectively), ii) similar dynamics at the protein level to what was observed at the RNA layer, and iii) to elicit significant specific cytotoxic immune responses detected by TFDP3 and DDX53 HLA-A*0201 tetramers. Our study addresses the unmet landscape of CTAs expression in MDS and CMML and revealed a previously unrecognized TFDP3 and DDX53 reactivation, detectable in plasma and able to elicit a specific immune response after one cycle of azacitidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Hurtado López
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tzu Hua Chen-Liang
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Zurdo
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Salvador Carrillo-Tornel
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo José Salido
- Department of Hematology, Virgen De La Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Begoña Muiña
- Hematology Unit, Hospital Rafael Méndez, Lorca, Spain
| | - MariLuz Amigo
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Cifuentes
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Inés Calabria
- Genomics Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Raúl Teruel
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Muro
- Immunology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen De La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Vicente
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Andrés Jerez
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain.,CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
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Palata O, Podzimkova Hradilova N, Mysiková D, Kutna B, Mrazkova H, Lischke R, Spisek R, Adkins I. Detection of tumor antigens and tumor-antigen specific T cells in NSCLC patients: Correlation of the quality of T cell responses with NSCLC subtype. Immunol Lett 2020; 219:46-53. [PMID: 31931024 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic cancer cell lines serve as universal source of tumor-associated antigens in cancer vaccines. Immunogenic high hydrostatic pressure-killed cancer cells derived from cell lines can be used for the generation of dendritic cell (DC)-based active cellular immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the expression of 12 known NSCLC tumor-associated antigens (TAA) (CEA, MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, MAGE-A4, PRAME, hTERT, HER2, MUC1, Survivin, STEAP1, SOX2 and NY-ESO-1) in 6 NSCLC cell lines as candidates for the generation of DC-based lung cancer vaccine. We showed that the selected antigenic profile of these cell lines overlaps to various degrees with that of primary NSCLC tumors (n = 52), indicating that 4 out of 6 NSCLC cell lines would be suitable for DC-based vaccine generation. We further investigated the presence of TAA-specific T cells in blood of NSCLC patients (n = 32) using commercially available peptide mixes in an in vitro stimulation assay. IFN-γ+CD8+ and IFN-γ+CD4+ T cell responses to all antigens were detected in NSCLC patients. Interestingly, despite higher TAA expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) the responsiveness of patients' T cells to stimulation was significantly lower in SCC patients than in adenocarcinoma (AC) patients. This suggests qualitative differences in T cell functionality between NSCLC subtypes. Based on this study, and in order to maximize the amount of treatable patients, we selected a mix of H520 and H522 NSCLC cell lines for DC-based vaccine preparation. We also established a minimal panel of antigenic peptide mixes (CEA, hTERT, PRAME, HER2) for immunomonitoring of T cell responses during the DC-based lung cancer immunotherapy in Phase I lung cancer clinical trial (NCT02470468).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Palata
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Nada Podzimkova Hradilova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Mysiková
- Thoracic and Lung Transplantation Division, 3rd Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic
| | - Beata Kutna
- Thoracic and Lung Transplantation Division, 3rd Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Mrazkova
- Thoracic and Lung Transplantation Division, 3rd Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Lischke
- Thoracic and Lung Transplantation Division, 3rd Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Adkins
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Czech Republic.
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11
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Cui Z, Chen Y, Hu M, Lin Y, Zhang S, Kong L, Chen Y. Diagnostic and prognostic value of the cancer-testis antigen lactate dehydrogenase C4 in breast cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 503:203-209. [PMID: 31794764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactate dehydrogenase C4 (LDH-C4) as a cancer/testis antigen (CTA) is abnormally expressed in some malignant tumors. However, the expression and clinical significance of LDH-C4 in breast cancer (BC) has not been characterized. METHODS We determined LDHC mRNA expression in serum and serum-derived exosomes of BC patients by quantitative RT-PCR. We also evaluated the protein expression of LDH-C4 in BC tissues using high-throughput tissue microarray analysis and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our results showed high mRNA expression level of LDHC in serum and serum-derived exosomes of BC patients. The LDHC level in serum and exosomes could distinguish BC cases from healthy individuals based on their AUCs of 0.9587 and 0.9464, respectively. Besides, the LDHC level in exosomes of BC patients associated with tumor size, and positively correlated with HER2 and Ki-67 expressions (all with P < 0.05). Serum and exosomal level of LDHC negatively correlated with medical treatment and positively with the recurrence of BC. Survival analysis showed that LDH-C4 expression negatively correlated with BC prognosis. CONCLUSION Serum and exosomal LDHC may be an effective indicator for the diagnosis, efficacy evaluation, and monitoring the recurrence of BC. LDH-C4 may act as a biomarker that predicts BC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolei Cui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yansong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Minhua Hu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yingfeng Lin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Lingying Kong
- Department of Pathology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
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12
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Koyama J, Horiike A, Yoshizawa T, Dotsu Y, Ariyasu R, Saiki M, Sonoda T, Uchibori K, Nishikawa S, Kitazono S, Yanagitani N, Ninomiya H, Ishikawa Y, Nishio M. Correlation between thyroid transcription factor-1 expression, immune-related thyroid dysfunction, and efficacy of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 treatment in non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:1919-1928. [PMID: 31285885 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent studies have suggested a correlation between immune-related thyroid dysfunction (irTD) and the superior efficacy of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1) treatment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Embryologically, the lung and thyroid are similar in origin, and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) expresses in both organs, including NSCLC. We explored our hypothesis that TTF-1 expression in NSCLC might correlate with irTD incidence and anti-PD-1 treatment efficacy. Methods We identified 132 patients with NSCLC treated with anti-PD-1 antibody at our hospital between December 2015 and June 2017. We evaluated TTF-1 expression in tumor by immunohistochemistry using a mouse monoclonal antibody (clone 8G7G3/1, 1:100, Dako). IrTD was defined as two or more successive abnormal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) during anti-PD-1 treatment. We retrospectively assessed correlations between TTF-1 expression in tumor, irTD incidence, and anti-PD-1 treatment efficacy. Results Of 132 patients, 67 (51%) and 65 (49%) were positive and negative for TTF-1, respectively. We observed irTD in 19 patients (6 positives and 13 negatives for TTF-1). The incidence of irTD was 9% and 20% in TTF-1-positive and TTF-1-negative NSCLCs, respectively (P=0.086). Particularly, in non-squamous (NSQ) cell carcinomas, the irTD incidence was significantly higher in patients negative for TTF-1 (30%) than in those positive for TTF-1 (9%; P=0.010), and TTF-1 expression was identified as a significant risk factor for irTD on multivariate logistic regression analysis [odds ratio (OR), 0.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.05-0.59; P=0.005]. Furthermore, longer median progression-free survival (10.3 months) was observed in patients with TTF-1-negative NSCLC with irTD compared to those with TTF-1-positive NSCLC with irTD, TTF-1-positive NSCLC without irTD, and TTF-1-negative NSCLC without irTD (4.2, 1.4, and 2.4 months, respectively). Conclusions TTF-1 expression in NSCLC might correlate with irTD and anti-PD-1 treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Koyama
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Horiike
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshizawa
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Dotsu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ariyasu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Saiki
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sonoda
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Uchibori
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Nishikawa
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Kitazono
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Yanagitani
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Ninomiya
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishio
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang L. Expression of cancer-testis antigens in esophageal cancer and their progress in immunotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:281-291. [PMID: 30656409 PMCID: PMC6373256 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Esophageal cancer is a common disease in China with low survival rate due to no obvious early symptoms and lack of effective screening strategies. Traditional treatments usually do not produce desirable results in patients with advanced esophageal cancer, so immunotherapy which relies on tumor-related antigens is needed to combat low survival rates effectively. Cancer–testis antigens (CTA), a large family of tumor-related antigens, have a strong in vivo immunogenicity and tumor-restricted expressing patterns in normal adult tissues. These two characteristics are ideal features of anticancer immunotherapy targets and, therefore, promoted the development of some studies of CTA-based therapy. To provide ideas for the role of the cancer–testis antigens MAGE-A, NY-ESO-1, LAGE-1, and TTK in esophageal cancer, we summarized their expression, prognostic value, and development in immunotherapy. Methods The relevant literature from PubMed is reviewed in this study. Results In esophageal cancer, although the relationship between expression of MAGE-A, NY-ESO-1, LAGE-1, and TTK and prognosis value is still in a controversial situation, MAGE-A, NY-ESO-1, LAGE-1, and TTK are highly expressed and can induce specific CTL cells to produce particular killing effect on tumor cells, and some clinical trials have demonstrated that immunotherapy for esophageal cancer patients is effective and safe, which provides a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of esophageal cancer in the future. Conclusion In this review, we summarize expression and prognostic value of MAGE-A, NY-ESO-1, LAGE-1, and TTK in esophageal cancer and point out recent advances in immunotherapy about them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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14
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Chüeh AC, Liew MS, Russell PA, Walkiewicz M, Jayachandran A, Starmans MH, Boutros PC, Wright G, Barnett SA, Mariadason JM, John T. Promoter hypomethylation of NY-ESO-1, association with clinicopathological features and PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74036-74048. [PMID: 29088766 PMCID: PMC5650321 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-Testis antigens (CTA) are immunogenic molecules with normal tissue expression restricted to testes but with aberrant expression in up to 30% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Regulation of CTA expression is mediated in part through promoter DNA methylation. Recently, immunotherapy has altered treatment paradigms in NSCLC. Given its immunogenicity and ability to be re-expressed through demethylation, NY-ESO-1 promoter methylation, protein expression and its association with programmed death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and clinicopathological features were investigated. Lung cancer cell line demethylation resulting from 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment was associated with both NY-ESO-1 and PD-L1 re-expression in vitro but not increased chemosensitivity. NY-ESO-1 hypomethylation was observed in 15/94 (16%) of patient samples and associated with positive protein expression (P < 0.0001). In contrast, PD-L1 expression was observed in 50/91 (55%) but strong expression in only 12/91 (13%) cases. There was no association between NY-ESO-1 and PD-L1 expression, despite resultant re-expression of both by 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Importantly, NY-ESO-1 hypomethylation was found to be an independent marker of poor prognosis in patients not treated with chemotherapy (HR 3.59, P = 0.003) in multivariate analysis. In patients treated with chemotherapy there were no differences in survival associated with NY-ESO-1 hypomethylation. Collectively, these results provided supporting evidence for the potential use of NY-ESO-1 hypomethylation as a prognostic biomarker in stage 3 NSCLCs. In addition, these data highlight the potential to incorporate demethylating agents to enhance immune activation, in tumours currently devoid of immune infiltrates and expression of immune checkpoint genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderly C. Chüeh
- 1 Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Victoria, Australia
- 2 Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mun-Sem Liew
- 1 Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Victoria, Australia
- 2 Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- 3 Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Prudence A. Russell
- 4 Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marzena Walkiewicz
- 1 Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Victoria, Australia
- 3 Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aparna Jayachandran
- 1 Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Victoria, Australia
- 3 Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
- 5 School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maud H.W. Starmans
- 6 Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul C. Boutros
- 6 Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
- 7 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- 8 Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gavin Wright
- 9 Department of Thoracic Oncology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen A Barnett
- 10 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John M. Mariadason
- 1 Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Victoria, Australia
- 2 Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- 3 Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
- 5 School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas John
- 1 Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Victoria, Australia
- 2 Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- 3 Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Van Tongelen A, Loriot A, De Smet C. Oncogenic roles of DNA hypomethylation through the activation of cancer-germline genes. Cancer Lett 2017; 396:130-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Li Y, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chu J, Sun C, Fu Z, Huang Y, Zhang H, Yuan H, Yin Y. Roles of cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 399:64-73. [PMID: 28274891 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed and is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the US. For breast cancer, early diagnosis and efficient therapy remains a significant clinical challenge. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel tumor associated molecules to target for biomarker development and immunotherapy. In this regard, cancer testis antigens (CTAs) have emerged as a potential clinical biomarker targeting immunotherapy for various malignancies due to the nature of its characteristics. CTAs are a group of tumor associated antigens (TAAs) that display normal expression in immune-privileged organs, but display aberrant expression in several types of cancers, particularly in advanced cancers. Investigation of CTAs for the clinical management of breast malignancies indicates that these TAAs have potential roles as novel biomarkers, with increased specificity and sensitivity compared to those currently used in the clinic. Moreover, TAAs could be therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy. This review is an attempt to address the promising CTAs in breast cancer and their possible clinical implications as biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets with particular focus on challenges and future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jiahui Chu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Chunxiao Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China; Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Medical Institute, Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Magee Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hansheng Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China.
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17
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Hradilova N, Sadilkova L, Palata O, Mysikova D, Mrazkova H, Lischke R, Spisek R, Adkins I. Generation of dendritic cell-based vaccine using high hydrostatic pressure for non-small cell lung cancer immunotherapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171539. [PMID: 28187172 PMCID: PMC5302789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) induces immunogenic death of tumor cells which confer protective anti-tumor immunity in vivo. Moreover, DC pulsed with HHP-treated tumor cells induced therapeutic effect in mouse cancer model. In this study, we tested the immunogenicity, stability and T cell stimulatory activity of human monocyte-derived dendritic cell (DC)-based HHP lung cancer vaccine generated in GMP compliant serum free medium using HHP 250 MPa. DC pulsed with HHP-killed lung cancer cells and poly(I:C) enhanced DC maturation, chemotactic migration and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines after 24h. Moreover, DC-based HHP lung cancer vaccine showed functional plasticity after transfer into serum-containing media and stimulation with LPS or CD40L after additional 24h. LPS and CD40L stimulation further differentially enhanced the expression of costimulatory molecules and production of IL-12p70. DC-based HHP lung cancer vaccine decreased the number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells and stimulated IFN-γ-producing tumor antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Tumor antigen specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses were detected in NSCLC patient's against a selected tumor antigens expressed by lung cancer cell lines used for the vaccine generation. We also showed for the first time that protein antigen from HHP-killed lung cancer cells is processed and presented by DC to CD8+ T cells. Our results represent important preclinical data for ongoing NSCLC Phase I/II clinical trial using DC-based active cellular immunotherapy (DCVAC/LuCa) in combination with chemotherapy and immune enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Hradilova
- SOTIO, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ondrej Palata
- SOTIO, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Mysikova
- Thoracic and Lung Transplantation Division, 3rd Department of Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Mrazkova
- Thoracic and Lung Transplantation Division, 3rd Department of Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Lischke
- Thoracic and Lung Transplantation Division, 3rd Department of Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Spisek
- SOTIO, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Adkins
- SOTIO, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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18
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Fujisawa T, Filippakopoulos P. Functions of bromodomain-containing proteins and their roles in homeostasis and cancer. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:246-262. [PMID: 28053347 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomains (BRDs) are evolutionarily conserved protein-protein interaction modules that are found in a wide range of proteins with diverse catalytic and scaffolding functions and are present in most tissues. BRDs selectively recognize and bind to acetylated Lys residues - particularly in histones - and thereby have important roles in the regulation of gene expression. BRD-containing proteins are frequently dysregulated in cancer, they participate in gene fusions that generate diverse, frequently oncogenic proteins, and many cancer-causing mutations have been mapped to the BRDs themselves. Importantly, BRDs can be targeted by small-molecule inhibitors, which has stimulated many translational research projects that seek to attenuate the aberrant functions of BRD-containing proteins in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Fujisawa
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford
| | - Panagis Filippakopoulos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford.,Structural Genomics Consortium, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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19
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Myšíková D, Adkins I, Hradilová N, Palata O, Šimonek J, Pozniak J, Kolařík J, Skallová-Fialová A, Špíšek R, Lischke R. Case-Control Study: Smoking History Affects the Production of Tumor Antigen-Specific Antibodies NY-ESO-1 in Patients with Lung Cancer in Comparison with Cancer Disease-Free Group. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 12:249-257. [PMID: 27793776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.09.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide; therefore, understanding the biological or clinical role of tumor-associated antigens and autoantibodies is of eminent interest for designing antitumor immunotherapeutic strategies. METHODS Here we prospectively analyzed the serum frequencies of New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1), human epidermal growth factor 2/neu, and melanoma-associated antigen A4 (MAGE-A4) antibodies and expression of the corresponding antigens in tumors of 121 patients with NSCLC undergoing an operation without prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy and compared them with those in 57 control age-matched patients with no history of a malignant disease. RESULTS We found that only antibodies specific for NY-ESO-1 (19.8% [n = 24 of 121]) were significantly increased in the group of patients with NSCLC compared with in the controls. NY-ESO-1 seropositivity was significantly positively associated with an active smoking history in patients with NSCLC but not in smokers from the control group. In tumors, the frequency of NY-ESO-1 mRNA expression was 6.3% (in four of 64 patients), the frequency of human epidermal growth factor 2/neu (HER 2/neu) expression was 11.9% (five of 42), and the frequency of MAGE-A4 expression was 35.1% (20 of 57). MAGE-A4 expression in tumors correlated with smoking status and male sex in patients with NSCLC. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma displayed higher expression of NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A4 in tumors than did patients with adenocarcinoma. On the other hand, 94.7% of nonsmoking patients in our study had adenocarcinoma (of whom 73.7% were women). CONCLUSION These results confirm the reported high immunogenicity of NY-ESO-1 and suggest that a smoking-induced chronic inflammatory state might potentiate the development of NY-ESO-1-specific immune responses. Moreover, smoking might contribute to the expression of other cancer/testis antigens such as MAGE-A4 at early stages of NSCLC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Myšíková
- Thoracic and Lung Transplantation Division, Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Adkins
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio a.s., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nad'a Hradilová
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio a.s., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Palata
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio a.s., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šimonek
- Thoracic and Lung Transplantation Division, Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pozniak
- Thoracic and Lung Transplantation Division, Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kolařík
- Thoracic and Lung Transplantation Division, Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Skallová-Fialová
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio a.s., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Špíšek
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio a.s., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Lischke
- Thoracic and Lung Transplantation Division, Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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20
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Djureinovic D, Hallström BM, Horie M, Mattsson JSM, La Fleur L, Fagerberg L, Brunnström H, Lindskog C, Madjar K, Rahnenführer J, Ekman S, Ståhle E, Koyi H, Brandén E, Edlund K, Hengstler JG, Lambe M, Saito A, Botling J, Pontén F, Uhlén M, Micke P. Profiling cancer testis antigens in non-small-cell lung cancer. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e86837. [PMID: 27699219 PMCID: PMC5033889 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are of clinical interest as biomarkers and present valuable targets for immunotherapy. To comprehensively characterize the CTA landscape of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we compared RNAseq data from 199 NSCLC tissues to the normal transcriptome of 142 samples from 32 different normal organs. Of 232 CTAs currently annotated in the Caner Testis Database (CTdatabase), 96 were confirmed in NSCLC. To obtain an unbiased CTA profile of NSCLC, we applied stringent criteria on our RNAseq data set and defined 90 genes as CTAs, of which 55 genes were not annotated in the CTdatabase, thus representing potential new CTAs. Cluster analysis revealed that CTA expression is histology dependent and concurrent expression is common. IHC confirmed tissue-specific protein expression of selected new CTAs (TKTL1, TGIF2LX, VCX, and CXORF67). Furthermore, methylation was identified as a regulatory mechanism of CTA expression based on independent data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The proposed prognostic impact of CTAs in lung cancer was not confirmed, neither in our RNAseq cohort nor in an independent meta-analysis of 1,117 NSCLC cases. In summary, we defined a set of 90 reliable CTAs, including information on protein expression, methylation, and survival association. The detailed RNAseq catalog can guide biomarker studies and efforts to identify targets for immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Djureinovic
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn M. Hallström
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masafumi Horie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Linnea La Fleur
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linn Fagerberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Brunnström
- Department of Pathology, Regional Laboratories Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katrin Madjar
- Department of Statistics, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörg Rahnenführer
- Department of Statistics, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simon Ekman
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Sciences, Section of Oncology, and
| | - Elisabeth Ståhle
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hirsh Koyi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University, County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Eva Brandén
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University, County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G. Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mats Lambe
- Uppsala University Hospital, Regional Cancer Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johan Botling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sasaki K, Yoshida M. The exploitation of FRET probes to track bromodomain/histone interactions in cells for bromodomain inhibitors. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2016; 19:51-56. [PMID: 27769358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing proteins are epigenetic readers of histone codes, which recognize acetylated histones and are involved in transcription, nucleosome remodeling and DNA repair. Chromosomal translocations of bromodomain-containing proteins have been implicated in many diseases. In this regard, small molecules that inhibit bromodomains are promising as therapeutic agents. A fluorescence microscopy-based approach provides information on bromodomain inhibitors that abrogate the interaction between acetylated histones and bromodomains in living cells. We have developed genetically encoded fluorescent probes for histone acetylation called Histacs. We review how these recently developed probes can serve as useful tools to evaluate the intracellular activity of bromodomain inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sasaki
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), CREST, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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22
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Esfandiary A, Ghafouri-Fard S. New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 and cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2016; 7:411-39. [PMID: 25917631 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) is a known cancer testis gene with exceptional immunogenicity and prevalent expression in many cancer types. These characteristics have made it an appropriate vaccine candidate with the potential application against various malignancies. This article reviews recent knowledge about the NY-ESO-1 biology, function, immunogenicity and expression in cancers as well as and the results of clinical trials with this antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esfandiary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
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23
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Wang L, Wolgemuth DJ. BET Protein BRDT Complexes With HDAC1, PRMT5, and TRIM28 and Functions in Transcriptional Repression During Spermatogenesis. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1429-38. [PMID: 26565999 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The expression of BRDT, a member of the BET sub-family of double bromodomain-containing proteins, is restricted to the male germ line, specifically to pachytene-diplotene spermatocytes and early spermatids. We previously showed that loss of the first bromodomain of BRDT by targeted mutagenesis (Brdt(ΔBD1) ) resulted in sterility and abnormalities in spermiogenesis, but little is known about BRDT's function at the molecular level. As part of studies designed to identify BRDT-interacting proteins we stably introduced a FLAG-tagged BRDT cDNA into 293T cells, which do not normally express BRDT. Affinity-purification of FLAG-tagged BRDT complexes indicated that BRDT has novel interactions with the histone deacetylase HDAC1, the arginine-specific histone methyltransferase 5 PRMT5, and the Tripartite motif-containing 28 protein TRIM28. Immunofluorescent microscopy revealed that BRDT co-localized with each of these proteins in round spermatids and co-immunoprecipitation of testicular extracts showed that these proteins interact with BRDT. Furthermore, they bind the promoter of H1t, a putative target of BRDT-containing complexes. This binding of H1t was lost in mice expressing the Brdt(ΔBD1) mutant protein and concomitantly, H1t expression was elevated in round spermatids. Our study reveals a role for BRDT-containing complexes in the repression of gene expression in vivo that correlates with dramatic effects on chromatin remodeling and the progression of spermiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Genetics and Development, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Debra J Wolgemuth
- Department of Genetics and Development, New York, New York, 10032.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York, New York, 10032.,Institute of Human Nutrition, New York, New York, 10032.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032
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24
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Esfandiary A, Ghafouri-Fard S. MAGE-A3: an immunogenic target used in clinical practice. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:683-704. [PMID: 26100270 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma antigen family A, 3 (MAGE-A3) is a cancer-testis antigen whose expression has been demonstrated in a wide array of malignancies including melanoma, brain, breast, lung and ovarian cancer. In addition, its ability to elicit spontaneous humoral and cellular immune responses has been shown in cancer patients. As antigen-specific immune responses can be stimulated by immunization with MAGE-A3, several clinical trials have used MAGE-A3 vaccines to observe clinical responses. The frequent expressions of this antigen in various tumors and its immunogenicity in cancer patients have led to application of this antigen in cancer immunotherapy. However, the results of recent clinical trials indicate that there is a need for research in the vaccine design, adjuvant selection as well as patient selection criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esfandiary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
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25
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Rolfo C, Sortino G, Smits E, Passiglia F, Bronte G, Castiglia M, Russo A, Santos ES, Janssens A, Pauwels P, Raez L. Immunotherapy: is a minor god yet in the pantheon of treatments for lung cancer? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:1173-87. [PMID: 25148289 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.952287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been studied for many years in lung cancer without significant results, making the majority of oncologists quite skeptical about its possible application for non-small cell lung cancer treatment. However, the recent knowledge about immune escape and subsequent 'cancer immunoediting' has yielded the development of new strategies of cancer immunotherapy, heralding a new era of lung cancer treatment. Cancer vaccines, including both whole-cell and peptide vaccines have been tested both in early and advanced stages of non-small cell lung cancer. New immunomodulatory agents, including anti-CTLA4, anti-PD1/PDL1 monoclonal antibodies, have been investigated as monotherapy in metastatic lung cancer. To date, these treatments have shown impressive results of efficacy and tolerability in early clinical trials, leading to testing in several large, randomized Phase III trials. As these results will be confirmed, these drugs will be available in the near future, offering new exciting therapeutic options for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rolfo
- Oncology Department, Phase I - Early Clinical Trials Unit, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
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26
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Ayyoub M, Memeo L, Álvarez-Fernández E, Colarossi C, Costanzo R, Aiello E, Martinetti D, Valmori D. Assessment of MAGE-A Expression in Resected Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer in Relation to Clinicopathologic Features and Mutational Status of EGFR and KRAS. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:943-8. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Selective Inhibition of Acetyl-Lysine Effector Domains of the Bromodomain Family in Oncology. NUCLEAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS AND TARGETING TRANSCRIPTION IN CANCER 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8039-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Tartour E, Zitvogel L. Lung cancer: potential targets for immunotherapy. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2013; 1:551-63. [PMID: 24461616 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(13)70159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and a therapeutic challenge. Recent success with antibodies blocking immune checkpoints in non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) highlights the potential of immunotherapy for lung cancer treatment, and the need for trials of combination regimens of immunotherapy plus chemotherapy that lead to immunogenic cell death. Here, we review the development of immunogenic cytotoxic compounds, vaccines, and antibodies in NSCLC, in view of their integration into personalised oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tartour
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Paris, France; INSERM, U970 PARCC, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM U1015, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
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29
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Barbieri I, Cannizzaro E, Dawson MA. Bromodomains as therapeutic targets in cancer. Brief Funct Genomics 2013; 12:219-30. [DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elt007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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De Smet C, Loriot A. DNA hypomethylation and activation of germline-specific genes in cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 754:149-66. [PMID: 22956500 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9967-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation, occurring at cytosines in CpG dinucleotides, is a potent mechanism of transcriptional repression. Proper genomic methylation -patterns become profoundly altered in cancer cells: both gains (hypermethylation) and losses (hypomethylation) of methylated sites are observed. Although DNA hypomethylation is detected in a vast majority of human tumors and affects many genomic regions, its role in tumor biology remains elusive. Surprisingly, DNA hypomethylation in cancer was found to cause the aberrant activation of only a limited group of genes. Most of these are normally expressed exclusively in germline cells and were grouped under the term "cancer-germline" (CG) genes. CG genes represent unique examples of genes that rely primarily on DNA methylation for their tissue-specific expression. They are also being exploited to uncover the mechanisms that lead to DNA hypomethylation in tumors. Moreover, as CG genes encode tumor-specific antigens, their activation in cancer highlights a direct link between epigenetic alterations and tumor immunity. As a result, clinical trials combining epigenetic drugs with anti-CG antigen vaccines are being considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles De Smet
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics, de Duve Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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31
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Ma QY, Pang LW, Chen ZM, Zhu YJ, Chen G, Chen J. The significance of MAGED4 expression in non-small cell lung cancer as analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Oncol Lett 2012. [PMID: 23205092 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect differences in the expression levels of melanoma-associated antigen D4 (MAGED4) mRNA between non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and normal tissues, and to compare differences in the expression levels of MAGED4 in tumor patients. Patients were grouped according to age, gender, smoking history, tumor size, pathological classification, degree of lung cancer cell differentiation and presence of lymph node metastasis. The expression levels of MAGED4 were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. MAGED4 expression was higher in squamous cell carcinomas compared to adenocarcinomas (P<0.05), in poorly differentiated tissues compared to well-differentiated tissues (P<0.05), and in patients with lymph node metastasis compared to patients without lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). MAGED4 may be used as a specific antigen for NSCLC to influence the improvement of diagnosis, prognosis and immunological therapy outcomes in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Yun Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Abstract
Acetylation of lysine residues is a post-translational modification with broad relevance
to cellular signalling and disease biology. Enzymes that ‘write’
(histone acetyltransferases, HATs) and ‘erase’ (histone deacetylases,
HDACs) acetylation sites are an area of extensive research in current drug development,
but very few potent inhibitors that modulate the ‘reading process’
mediated by acetyl lysines have been described. The principal readers of
ɛ-N-acetyl lysine (Kac) marks are
bromodomains (BRDs), which are a diverse family of evolutionary conserved
protein-interaction modules. The conserved BRD fold contains a deep, largely hydrophobic
acetyl lysine binding site, which represents an attractive pocket for the development of
small, pharmaceutically active molecules. Proteins that contain BRDs have been implicated
in the development of a large variety of diseases. Recently, two highly potent and
selective inhibitors that target BRDs of the BET (bromodomains and extra-terminal) family
provided compelling data supporting targeting of these BRDs in inflammation and in an
aggressive type of squamous cell carcinoma. It is likely that BRDs will emerge alongside
HATs and HDACs as interesting targets for drug development for the large number of
diseases that are caused by aberrant acetylation of lysine residues.
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Türeci O, Koslowski M, Helftenbein G, Castle J, Rohde C, Dhaene K, Seitz G, Sahin U. Claudin-18 gene structure, regulation, and expression is evolutionary conserved in mammals. Gene 2011; 481:83-92. [PMID: 21571049 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Claudin-18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2) is one of the few members of the human claudin family of tight junction molecules with strict restriction to one cell lineage. The objective of the current study was to compare molecular structure and tissue distribution of this gastrocyte specific molecule in mammals. We show here that the CLDN18.2 protein sequence is highly conserved, in particular with regard to functionally relevant domains in mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, monkey and human and also in lizards. Moreover, promoter regions of orthologs are highly homologous, including the binding site of the transcription factor cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), which is known to regulate activation of human CLDN18.2. Employing RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we found that, analogous to the human gene, all orthologous CLDN18.2 transcripts and proteins are exclusively expressed in differentiated gastric cells. Gene structure, promoter elements and RNA expression pattern of the lung-tissue specific Claudin-18 isoform 1 (CLDN18.1) as well, are homologous across species. These findings exemplify phylogenetic conservation of lineage-specific members of a multigene family. Given that CLDN18.2 is a novel drug target candidate, our data is also relevant for drug development as it reveals all six investigated mammalian species as suitable models for testing safety of CLDN18.2 targeting regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Türeci
- Ganymed Pharmaceuticals AG, Freiligrathstr. Mainz, Germany.
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Bai G, Liu Y, Zhang H, Su D, Tao D, Yang Y, Ma Y, Zhang S. Promoter demethylation mediates the expression of ZNF645, a novel cancer/testis gene. BMB Rep 2010; 43:400-6. [PMID: 20587329 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2010.43.6.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer/testis (CT) antigens exhibit highly tissue-restricted expression and are considered promising targets for cancer vaccines. Here we identified a novel CT gene ZNF645 which restrictively expresses in normal human testes and lung cancer patients (68.3%). To investigate the promoter methylation status of ZNF645, we carried out bisulfite genomic sequencing and found that the CpG island in its promoter was heavily methylated in normal lung tissues without the expression of ZNF645, whereas there was high demethylation in normal human testes and lung carcinoma tissues with its expression. Also ZNF645 could be remarkably activated in A549 and HEK293T cells treated by DNA demethylation agent 5'-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. And the dual luciferase assay revealed that the promoter activity of the ZNF645 was inhibited by methylation of the CpG island region. Therefore, we proposed that ZNF645 is a CT gene and activated in human testis and lung cancers by demethylation of its promoter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Bai
- Division of Human Morbid Genomics, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, P R China
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CpG island methylator phenotype involving chromosome 3p confers an increased risk of non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2010; 5:790-7. [PMID: 20521346 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3181d862f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to explore the association of CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) involving tumor suppressor genes on short arm of chromosome 3 (3p) with increased risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS AND MATERIALS In this study, four NSCLC cell lines were cultured, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) specimens from 80 patients with NSCLC and 80 matched controls were collected for 3p-involved CIMP (3pCIMP) analysis. 3pCIMP was referred to as having at least three synchronously methylated genes of 3p per sample. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was performed to examine the methylation status of each gene. DNA demethylation of NSCLC cell lines was achieved through the treatment with 5-aza-deoxycytidine. Logistic regression was used to assess odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, which were adjusted for gender, age, and smoking status. RESULTS Demethylation experiment showed that 3pCIMP status could play an important role in NSCLC cell proliferation. A total of 97.5% of PBMC specimens from NSCLC patients presented promoter methylation of any one of six genes (hOGG1, RAR-B, SEMA3B, RASSF1A, BLU, or FHIT) on 3p. Interestingly, 3pCIMP+ was found in 43.8% of NSCLC PBMC specimens and only in 6.3% of normal PBMC samples. The data suggest that 3pCIMP status is significantly associated with NSCLC and normal PBMC samples (p 0.001). More importantly, the results show that 3pCIMP positive carriers have a 12.8-fold increased risk of NSCLC (adjusted odds ratio, 12.8; 95% confidence interval, 4.38 -37.4, p 0.001) in Chinese population. CONCLUSIONS This is the first evidence of an association between PBMC 3pCIMP and risk for NSCLC.
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Integrative discovery of epigenetically derepressed cancer testis antigens in NSCLC. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8189. [PMID: 19997593 PMCID: PMC2781168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) were first discovered as immunogenic targets normally expressed in germline cells, but differentially expressed in a variety of human cancers. In this study, we used an integrative epigenetic screening approach to identify coordinately expressed genes in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose transcription is driven by promoter demethylation. Methodology/Principal Findings Our screening approach found 290 significant genes from the over 47,000 transcripts incorporated in the Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 expression array. Of the top 55 candidates, 10 showed both differential overexpression and promoter region hypomethylation in NSCLC. Surprisingly, 6 of the 10 genes discovered by this approach were CTAs. Using a separate cohort of primary tumor and normal tissue, we validated NSCLC promoter hypomethylation and increased expression by quantitative RT-PCR for all 10 genes. We noted significant, coordinated coexpression of multiple target genes, as well as coordinated promoter demethylation, in a large set of individual tumors that was associated with the SCC subtype of NSCLC. In addition, we identified 2 novel target genes that exhibited growth-promoting effects in multiple cell lines. Conclusions/Significance Coordinated promoter demethylation in NSCLC is associated with aberrant expression of CTAs and potential, novel candidate protooncogenes that can be identified using integrative discovery techniques. These findings have significant implications for discovery of novel CTAs and CT antigen directed immunotherapy.
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37
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Sahin U, Koslowski M, Dhaene K, Usener D, Brandenburg G, Seitz G, Huber C, Türeci O. Claudin-18 splice variant 2 is a pan-cancer target suitable for therapeutic antibody development. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 14:7624-34. [PMID: 19047087 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antibody-based cancer therapies have emerged as the most promising therapeutics in oncology. The purpose of this study was to discover novel targets for therapeutic antibodies in solid cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We combined data mining and wet-bench experiments to identify strictly gastrocyte lineage-specific cell surface molecules and to validate them as therapeutic antibody targets. RESULTS We identified isoform 2 of the tight junction molecule claudin-18 (CLDN18.2) as a highly selective cell lineage marker. Its expression in normal tissues is strictly confined to differentiated epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa, but it is absent from the gastric stem cell zone. CLDN18.2 is retained on malignant transformation and is expressed in a significant proportion of primary gastric cancers and the metastases thereof. In addition to its orthotopic expression, we found frequent ectopic activation of CLDN18.2 in pancreatic, esophageal, ovarian, and lung tumors, correlating with distinct histologic subtypes. The activation of CLDN18.2 depends on the binding of the transcription factor cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein to its unmethylated consensus site. Most importantly, we were able to raise monoclonal antibodies that bind to CLDN18.2 but not to its lung-specific splice variant and recognize the antigen on the surface of cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Its highly restricted expression pattern in normal tissues, its frequent ectopic activation in a diversity of human cancers, and the ability to specifically target this molecule at the cell surface of tumor cells qualify CLDN18.2 as a novel, highly attractive pan-cancer target for the antibody therapy of epithelial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Sahin
- Ganymed Pharmaceuticals, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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Tsai JR, Chong IW, Chen YH, Yang MJ, Sheu CC, Chang HC, Hwang JJ, Hung JY, Lin SR. Differential expression profile of MAGE family in non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2007; 56:185-92. [PMID: 17208331 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2006.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The expression of the melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) genes consists of variables in all tumor types, such as lung cancer, which are relevant to be silent in all normal tissues except germ cells. They are considered as tumor-specific antigens, and are ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy. A complete MAGE genes differential expression profile analysis of lung cancer can provide this study not only various target genes for immunotherapy, but also valuable markers for further diagnosis and prognosis. This research has constructed a membrane array, which was consisted 32 MAGE genes, to detect whether the differential expression profile occurred in 52 pairs of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples. Nearly 32 MAGE genes have been differential expressed in NSCLC except MAGE-B1 and -E2. MAGE-B, -C, -D, and subgroup -B6, -D4 have showed prominences in lung adenocarcinoma. High-frequent expression of MAGE-D, and subgroup -A2, -D2 has also been discovered in non-metastasis group (p<0.05). However, there is no significant difference of MAGE genes differential expression shown among different primary tumor (T), nodal involvement (N) and overall stages. Several MAGE subgroup genes, such as MAGE-A5, -A7, -A8, -A9, -A11, -B3, -B4, -B10, -D2, -D3, -F1, -G1, -H1, and -L2, have been first discovered to show differential expression in NSCLC. Although the small size of the sample may limit the diagnostic and prognostic value of MAGE genes, the function of the membrane array can provide this study a high-throughput method to detect the whole MAGE genes differential expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Rung Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Wu J, Helftenbein G, Koslowski M, Sahin U, Tureci O. Identification of new claudin family members by a novel PSI-BLAST based approach with enhanced specificity. Proteins 2006; 65:808-15. [PMID: 17022085 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to develop a novel strategy for the identification of new members of protein families by in silico approaches, we have developed a semi-automated procedure of consecutive PSI-BLAST (Position-Specific-Iterated Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) searches incorporating identificiation as well as subsequent validation of putative candidates. For a proof of concept study we chose the search for novel members of the claudin family. The initial step was an iterated PSI-BLAST search starting with the PMP22_Claudin domain of each known member of the claudin family against the human part of the RefSeq Database. Putative new claudin domains derived from the converged list were evaluated by a validating PSI-BLAST in which each sequence was assessed for finding back the starting set of known claudin domains. The local PSI-BLAST searches and validation were automated by a set of PERL scripts. With this strategy a total of three additional putative claudin domains in three different proteins were identified. One of them was subjected to further characterization and was shown to exhibit claudin-like features in terms of protein structure and expression pattern. The strategy we present is an efficient and versatile tool to identify novel members of domain-sharing protein families. Low rates of false positives achieved by inclusion of a validation step into the in silico procedure make this strategy particularly attractive to select candidates for subsequent labor-intensive wet bench characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Ganymed-Pharmaceuticlas AG, Freiligrathstrasse 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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