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Rios-Madrigal AM, Orea-Vega DC, Vega-González M, Espinosa-Cristóbal LF, Arenas-Arrocena MC, Castro-Ruiz JE, Correa-Prado R, Domínguez-Pérez RA. Effect of Streptococcus mutans on surface-topography, microhardness, and mechanical properties of contemporary resin composites. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2021; 19:22808000211065260. [PMID: 34915756 DOI: 10.1177/22808000211065260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental caries is the most prevalent disease globally, and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a common associated oral bacteria. Additionally, S. mutans possess esterase activity capable of degrading resin composites (RC). However, the effect of degradation on the physical-mechanical properties of the RC has not been extensively studied. We evaluated the flexure strength (FS), the diametral tensile strength (DTS), the modulus of elasticity (ME), and the microhardness of three contemporary RC to establish if S. mutans could affect them. METHODS One hundred thirty-eight bar-shaped and 276 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated with Enamel Plus HRi, IPS Empress Direct, and Clearfil AP-X, and physical-mechanical testing was done after been incubated during 30 and 60 days in culture media with or without S. mutans. Also, a scanning electron microscope was used to identify surface changes. RESULTS None of the tested RC were affected in their mechanical properties (FS, ME, and DTS). However, Clearfil AP-X and Enamel Plus HRI showed eroded surfaces and a decreased microhardness after 30 and 60 days S. mutans incubation. IPS Empress Direct presented the lowest values in all the tests, but its physical-mechanical features and surface were not affected by bacteria's exposure. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to S. mutans could affect some contemporary RC; however, the effect seems superficial since its mechanical features were not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dulce Carolina Orea-Vega
- Prostodontic Specialization Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Marina Vega-González
- Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - León Francisco Espinosa-Cristóbal
- Master Program in Dental Sciences, Stomatology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez, Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - Ma Concepción Arenas-Arrocena
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad León, Licenciatura en Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, León Guanajuato, México
| | - Jesus Eduardo Castro-Ruiz
- Prostodontic Specialization Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Rodrigo Correa-Prado
- Prostodontic Specialization Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Rubén Abraham Domínguez-Pérez
- Prostodontic Specialization Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México.,Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Dentistry Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
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Wang T, Matinlinna JP, Burrow MF, Ahmed KE. The biocompatibility of glass-fibre reinforced composites (GFRCs) - a systematic review. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 65:273-283. [PMID: 34421062 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_20_00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) have received considerable attention, owing to their potential use in dental prostheses or bone fracture fixation applications. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze and report the biological properties of FRCs reported in the existing literature.Study selections A systematic search of four databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane library) was performed to identify all relevant studies published between 1962 and 2019. The search was limited to laboratory-based studies published in English. Citation mining was also performed through cross-referencing of included studies and hand searching of relevant journals.Results A total of 1283 potentially relevant articles were initially identified, and thirty-three articles were full-text screened. In the final ten studies included for review, four investigated bacterial adhesion and growth abilities on FRCs, four investigated the fibroblastic cytotoxicity of different surface-treated FRCs, and two investigated the osseointegration between bone and FRCs. Owing to the heterogeneity of fiber types, FRC-coating, and lack of standardized testing protocols, a meta-analysis was not feasible. The included studies indicated that glass fibers, and in particular E-glass fibers, are superior to ceramics and other FRCs in terms of bacterial adherence, fibroblast cytotoxicity, and cell viability.Conclusions Glass-fiber-reinforced composites are cytocompatible materials that possess satisfactory biological properties and can be used in dental prosthesis and craniofacial implants. Further research is necessary to regulate the matrix ion release/degradation of FRCs to prolong the initially demonstrated properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Prosthodontics, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jukka Pekka Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael Francis Burrow
- Prosthodontics, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Khaled Elsayed Ahmed
- Prosthodontics Discipline, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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3
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Wang T, Matinlinna JP, Burrow MF, Ahmed KE. The biocompatibility of glass-fibre reinforced composites (GFRCs) - a systematic review. J Prosthodont Res 2021. [PMID: 33612662 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d20_00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) have received considerable attention, owing to their potential use in dental prostheses or bone fracture fixation applications. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze and report the biological properties of FRCs reported in the existing literature. STUDY SELECTIONS A systematic search of four databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane library) was performed to identify all relevant studies published between 1962 and 2019. The search was limited to laboratory-based studies published in English. Citation mining was also performed through cross-referencing of included studies and hand searching of relevant journals. RESULTS A total of 1283 potentially relevant articles were initially identified, and thirty-three articles were full-text screened. In the final ten studies included for review, four investigated bacterial adhesion and growth abilities on FRCs, four investigated the fibroblastic cytotoxicity of different surface-treated FRCs, and two investigated the osseointegration between bone and FRCs. Owing to the heterogeneity of fiber types, FRC-coating, and lack of standardized testing protocols, a meta-analysis was not feasible. The included studies indicated that glass fibers, and in particular E-glass fibers, are superior to ceramics and other FRCs in terms of bacterial adherence, fibroblast cytotoxicity, and cell viability. CONCLUSIONS Glass-fiber-reinforced composites are cytocompatible materials that possess satisfactory biological properties and can be used in dental prosthesis and craniofacial implants. Further research is necessary to regulate the matrix ion release/degradation of FRCs to prolong the initially demonstrated properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Prosthodontics, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jukka Pekka Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Michael Francis Burrow
- Prosthodontics, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Khaled Elsayed Ahmed
- Prosthodontics Discipline, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast
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Abaszadeh M, Mohammadzadeh I. Creating Antibacterial Properties in Flowable Dental Composites by Incorporation of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Fracture strength of non-invasively reinforced MOD cavities on endodontically treated teeth. Odontology 2020; 109:368-375. [PMID: 32886263 PMCID: PMC7954736 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the fracture resistance and failure mode of non-invasively reinforced endodontically treated mandibular molars. Sixty freshly extracted defect-free mandibular molars were divided into four experimental groups with extensive MOD cavities on endodontically treated teeth with different restoration types and one control group with intact teeth (n = 12). The groups were as follows: “Normal”: direct resin composite; “Ring”: glass fiber-reinforced strip (Dentapreg) wrapped around buccal and lingual walls followed by direct resin composite; “Inlay”: indirect CAD/CAM resin composite inlay; “Onlay”: indirect CAD/CAM resin composite onlay; “Intact”: Intact teeth (Control). Tetric EvoCeram and Adhese Universal (Ivoclar Vivadent) were used for direct restorations and Tetric CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent) adhesively luted with Adhese Universal and Variolink Esthetic LC (Ivoclar Vivadent) were used for indirect restorations. All teeth were submitted to thermo-mechanical cyclic loading. All samples were then submitted to a compressive load until fracture. Fracture load was noted and teeth were analyzed to classify the failure mode as either catastrophic (C) or non-catastrophic (NC). No statistically significant difference was found between fracture strength of the five groups when all specimens were considered (p = 0.1461). Intact group showed the lowest percentage of catastrophic failures (41.67%). Ring group presents less catastrophic failures (75%) than Normal group (83.34%), and failures of indirect restorations—Inlay and Onlay—were almost all catastrophic (91.67% and 100%, respectively).
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Porojan L, Vasiliu RD, Porojan SD, Bîrdeanu MI. Surface Quality Evaluation of Removable Thermoplastic Dental Appliances Related to Staining Beverages and Cleaning Agents. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081736. [PMID: 32756439 PMCID: PMC7464035 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Thermoplastic materials are not inert and subject to changes in the oral environment, which affect their surface quality. Color stability and topographic characteristics of clear thermoplastic appliances are critical considerations. The study aimed to evaluate the optical changes and surface topography of different thermoplastic materials related to staining beverages and cleaning agents. (2) Methods: Thermoplastic polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G) material specimens were selected for the study: S (Duran, Scheu-Dental GmbH, Iserlohn, Germany), D (Biolon, Dreve Dentamid GmbH, Unna, Germany), and B (Crystal, Bio Art Dental Equipment, Sao Carlos, Brazil). Four different media were involved for immersion: coffee (C) and black tea (T) at 55 °C, Coca-Cola (K) at 5 °C, and distilled water (W) at 22 °C. As for cleaning, chemical options and mechanical brushing were selected (P-powder, T-tablets, and X-brushing). Color changes, and mean surface roughness were measured at 24 h, 48 h, and after 7 days. Statistical analysis was performed. After the testing period, atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses and SEM images were registered in order to characterize the surface topography. (3) Results: Quantitative color change evaluations revealed a slight change in color after 24 h and an extremely marked change after 48 h, respective 7 days. Mean roughness values are kept below the clinically acceptable limit of 0.20 µm for all samples. Related to mean nanoroughness values Sa, and 3D evaluations of the surface quality, Biolon samples have demonstrated the most constant behavior, while Crystal samples are visibly influenced by water immersion. Related to the cleaning method, the topography of Duran samples was influenced by mechanical brushing. (4) Conclusions: Nanoscale investigations provided high accuracy and more realistic surface quality examinations of the examined samples compared to profilometry. Both SEM and AFM should be used for a more detailed description of the surface topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Porojan
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Roxana-Diana Vasiliu
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-745225523
| | - Sorin-Daniel Porojan
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation (Dental Technology), “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Mihaela-Ionela Bîrdeanu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300569 Timisoara, Romania;
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Influence of different ceramic materials and surface treatments on the adhesion of Prevotella intermedia. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 111:104010. [PMID: 32750671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ceramics are used in oral rehabilitation; however, these materials are prone to formation of biofilms that may cause periodontal diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of distinct surface treatments on ceramic surface roughness and biofilm formation of oral bacteria (Prevotella intermedia). Eighty-four specimens of the following four ceramic systems were produced: LC - leucite-based glass ceramic, LD - lithium disilicate-based glass ceramic, LSZ - glass ceramic based on zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate, and ZR - monolithic zirconia. These were submitted to three different surface treatment protocols: C - control, G - glazing, and GDB - grinding with diamond bur (n = 7). The surface characteristics were assessed using a confocal laser microscope (Ra) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thereafter, the groups were contaminated with a bacterial strain of P. intermedia ATCC 25611. The biofilms formed were quantified by counting the colony forming units (CFUs) and analyzed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Data were analyzed by using a 2-way ANOVA and the Tukey test (ɑ = 0.05). Results showed that greater roughness was associated with GDB (p < 0.05). The same was also true for the ceramic material ZR (p < 0.05). There was a statistical significant difference in the CFU counts between the materials (p < 0.05) that revealed a greater amount of bacterial adhesion in the LC and ZR groups (p > 0.05). Thus, it was suggested that the surface roughness of the ceramic materials favored bacterial adhesion; and thus, finishing of ceramic surfaces with GDB should be avoided.
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Engel AS, Kranz HT, Schneider M, Tietze JP, Piwowarcyk A, Kuzius T, Arnold W, Naumova EA. Biofilm formation on different dental restorative materials in the oral cavity. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:162. [PMID: 32493365 PMCID: PMC7268681 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial biofilms adhere to all tissues and surfaces in the oral cavity. Oral biofilms are responsible for the decay of human dental structures and the inflammatory degeneration of the alveolar bone. Moreover, oral biofilms on artificial materials influence the lifespan of dental prostheses and restoratives. Methods To investigate in vivo oral biofilm formation and growth, five different dental restorative materials were analyzed and compared to human enamel. The roughness of the materials and the human enamel control probe were measured at the start of the study. The dental restorative materials and the human enamel control probe were placed in dental splints and worn for 3 h, 24 h and 72 h. Results Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed major differences between oral biofilm formation and growth on the materials compared to those on human enamel. Microbiological analyses showed that bacterial strains differed between the materials. Significant differences were observed in the roughness of the dental materials. Conclusions It can be concluded that material roughness affects biofilm formation on dental surfaces and restoratives, but other factors, such as surface charge, surface energy and material composition, may also have an influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander-Simon Engel
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred Herrhausenstrasse 44, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - Hagen Tizian Kranz
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred Herrhausenstrasse 44, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - Marvin Schneider
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred Herrhausenstrasse 44, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - Jan Peter Tietze
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred Herrhausenstrasse 44, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - Andree Piwowarcyk
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Technology, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred Herrhausenstrasse 44, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kuzius
- Institute for Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Muenster, Robert Koch Strasse 41, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Arnold
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred Herrhausenstrasse 44, 58455, Witten, Germany.
| | - Ella A Naumova
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred Herrhausenstrasse 44, 58455, Witten, Germany
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Mohammadzadeh I, Eskandarizadeh A, Shahravan A, Bavafa M, Kakooei S, Torabi M. Prevention of secondary caries by a new antibacterial compound. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.276234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ţălu Ş, Stach S, Klaić B, Čelebić A. Evaluation of Topographical Co-Cr-Mo Alloy Surface Changes After Various Finishing Treatments. Acta Stomatol Croat 2019; 53:264-273. [PMID: 31749458 PMCID: PMC6820440 DOI: 10.15644/asc53/3/8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify the influence of three different finishing treatments on the cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) alloy surface based on stereometric analysis parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen specimens were casted from an extra-hard alloy (Wironit®, BEGO, Bremen, Germany). The samples were distributed into three groups (n = 6 samples per group) dependent on different polishing techniques applied, as follows: A group, only electropolished (EP) samples; B group, after EP, an additional mechanical polishing process was applied to the surface by rubber discs and a polishing paste (RP); C group, after EP, an additional mechanical polishing process was completed by rubber discs, polishing paste and finally by a rotating deer leather wheel (RPDL). Samples were imaged by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in a contact mode, in air, at room temperature. RESULTS The evaluation of the microtexture of the sample surface was made based on the 3-D roughness parameters. The lowest statistical surface roughness parameters were found in the RP samples, whereas the highest values were obtained from the EP samples. CONCLUSIONS The experiments described can help manufacturers identify the most appropriate parameters and their ranges within which optimal surface characteristics can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ştefan Ţălu
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, The Directorate of Research, Development and Innovation Management (DMCDI), 15 Constantin Daicoviciu St., Cluj-Napoca, 400020, Cluj county, Romania
| | - Sebastian Stach
- University of Silesia, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, Institute of Informatics, Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, Będzińska 39, 41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Boris Klaić
- Dental Polyclinic, Perkovčeva 3, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Asja Čelebić
- University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Gundulićeva 5, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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TiO 2 Coating and UV Photofunctionalization Enhance Blood Coagulation on Zirconia Surfaces. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8078230. [PMID: 31058193 PMCID: PMC6463630 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8078230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This in vitro study was designed to evaluate the effect of sol-gel derived TiO2 coating on blood coagulation, blood protein adsorption, and platelet response on zirconia surfaces. Square-shaped zirconia (n=96) (10x10x2 mm) was cut, ground, sintered, and finally cleansed ultrasonically in each of acetone and ethanol for 5 minutes. Three experimental groups (n=32) were fabricated: (a) zirconia coated with sol-gel derived TiO2, (b) zirconia coated with sol-gel derived TiO2 and treated with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for 1 hour, and (c) non-coated zirconia as control. The coatings were prepared from tetraisopropyl orthotitanate solution by dip-coating. The thrombogenicity of the specimens was evaluated using a whole blood kinetic clotting time method where the extent of blood clotting was evaluated at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes (n=4/time point, total n=24/group). Scanning electron microscope images were taken to observe platelet morphologies after 1-hour incubation with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) (n=5/group). Surface characteristics were visualized using atomic force microscopy (n=1/group). Adsorption of plasma proteins and fibronectin on each surface was studied by gel electrophoresis (n=2/group). Significant differences were observed in blood coagulation between the test groups at 20-, 30-, 40-, and 50-minute time points (p<0.005). UV treated TiO2 coated specimens showed fastest blood coagulation followed by TiO2 coated and non-coated specimens. Furthermore, platelets appeared at a higher activation state on coated specimens. Gel electrophoresis revealed no difference in protein adsorption among the experimental groups. In summary, TiO2 coatings promoted blood coagulation, and it was further enhanced by UV treatment, which has the potential to hasten the wound healing process in vivo.
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Stencel R, Kasperski J, Pakieła W, Mertas A, Bobela E, Barszczewska-Rybarek I, Chladek G. Properties of Experimental Dental Composites Containing Antibacterial Silver-Releasing Filler. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1031. [PMID: 29912158 PMCID: PMC6025467 DOI: 10.3390/ma11061031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Secondary caries is one of the important issues related to using dental composite restorations. Effective prevention of cariogenic bacteria survival may reduce this problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity and physical properties of composite materials with silver sodium hydrogen zirconium phosphate (SSHZP). The antibacterial filler was introduced at concentrations of 1%, 4%, 7%, 10%, 13%, and 16% (w/w) into model composite material consisting of methacrylate monomers and silanized glass and silica fillers. The in vitro reduction in the number of viable cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans ATCC 33535 colonies, Vickers microhardness, compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, sorption, solubility, degree of conversion, and color stability were investigated. An increase in antimicrobial filler concentration resulted in a statistically significant reduction in bacteria. There were no statistically significant differences caused by the introduction of the filler in compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, flexural modulus, and solubility. Statistically significant changes in degree of conversion, flexural strength, hardness (decrease), solubility (increase), and in color were registered. A favorable combination of antibacterial properties and other properties was achieved at SSHZP concentrations from 4% to 13%. These composites exhibited properties similar to the control material and enhanced in vitro antimicrobial efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stencel
- Private Practice, Center of Dentistry and Implantology, ul. Karpińskiego 3, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Jacek Kasperski
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, pl. Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Pakieła
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Anna Mertas
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Bobela
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Izabela Barszczewska-Rybarek
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Chladek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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Areid N, Kangasniemi I, Söderling E, Närhi TO. Ultraviolet photofunctionalization of nanostructured titanium surfaces enhances thrombogenicity and platelet response. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:56. [PMID: 29728865 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate blood and platelet response to nanostructured TiO2 coatings and to investigate the effect of Ultraviolet (UV) light treatment on blood clotting ability, platelet activation and protein adhesion. Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plates (n = 138) were divided into three groups; a sol-gel derived MetAliveTM coating (MA); hydrothermal coating (HT); and a non-coated group (NC). Sixty nine titanium substrates were further treated with UV light for 1 h. The thrombogenicity of the titanium substrates was assessed using fresh human blood with a whole blood kinetic clotting time method. The platelet adhesion test was conducted to evaluate the morphology and adhesion behavior of the platelets on the titanium substrates. Human diluted plasma and bovine fibronectin were used to evaluate protein adsorption. Total clotting time for the UV treated HT, MA and NC titanium substrates was almost 40 min compared to 60 min for non-UV substrates, the total clotting time for the UV treated groups were significantly lower than that of the non UV NC group (p < 0.05). UV light treatment had significantly enhanced coagulation rates. The HT and MA substrates presented more platelet aggregation, spreading and pseudopod formation in comparison with the NC substrates. UV treatment did not affect the platelet activation and protein adsorption. This in vitro study concluded that nanostructured titanium dioxide implant surfaces obtained by sol-gel and hydrothermal coating methods increased coagulation rates and enhanced platelet response when compared with non-coated surfaces. UV light treatment clearly improved thrombogenicity of all examined Ti-6Al-4V surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagat Areid
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Ilkka Kangasniemi
- Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eva Söderling
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo O Närhi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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14
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Mangoush E, Säilynoja E, Prinssi R, Lassila L, Vallittu PK, Garoushi S. Comparative evaluation between glass and polyethylene fiber reinforced composites: A review of the current literature. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e1408-e1417. [PMID: 29410756 PMCID: PMC5794118 DOI: 10.4317/jced.54205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fiber reinforced composite (FRC) is a promising class of material that gives clinicians alternative treatment options. There are many FRC products available in the market based on either glass or polyethylene fiber type. The aim of this study was to present a comparison between glass and polyethylene fiber reinforced composites based on available literature review. MATERIAL AND METHODS A thorough literature search, with no limitation, was done up to June 2017. The range of relevant publications was surveyed using PubMed and Google Scholar. From the search results, articles related to our search terms were only considered. An assessment of these articles was done by two individuals in order to include only articles directly compare between glass and polyethylene FRCs. The search terms used were "fiber reinforced dental composites" and "glass and polyethylene fibers in dentistry". RESULTS The search provided 276 titles. Full-text analysis was performed for 29 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Most were laboratory-based research with various test specimen designs prepared according to ISO standard or with extracted teeth and only three articles were clinical studies. Most of studies (n=23) found superior characteristics of glass FRCs over polyethylene FRCs. CONCLUSIONS Significant reinforcement differences between commercial glass and polyethylene fiber reinforced composites were found. Key words:Fiber reinforced composite, glass fiber, polyethylene fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas Mangoush
- Turku Clinical Biomaterial Center -TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Säilynoja
- Turku Clinical Biomaterial Center -TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Reseach Development and Production Department, Stick Tech Ltd - Member of GC Group, Turku, Finland
| | - Roosa Prinssi
- Reseach Development and Production Department, Stick Tech Ltd - Member of GC Group, Turku, Finland
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Turku Clinical Biomaterial Center -TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
| | - Pekka K Vallittu
- Turku Clinical Biomaterial Center -TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
- City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, Turku, Finland
| | - Sufyan Garoushi
- Turku Clinical Biomaterial Center -TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
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15
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Pasang T, Lees S, Takahashi M, Fujita T, Conor P, Tanaka K, Kamiya O. Machining of dental Alloys: Evaluating the surface finish of laterally milled Co-Cr-Mo Alloy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Hamanaka I, Iwamoto M, Lassila LVJ, Vallittu PK, Takahashi Y. Wear resistance of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins. ACTA BIOMATERIALIA ODONTOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2016. [PMID: 28642909 PMCID: PMC5433203 DOI: 10.3109/23337931.2015.1135747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study investigated the wear resistance of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins using nanoindentation instrument. Materials and methods Six injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins (two polyamides, two polyesters, one polycarbonate, one polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA]) and a PMMA conventional heat-polymerized denture-based polymer control were tested. Elastic modulus, hardness, wear depth, and roughness were calculated using a nanoindentation instrument. Results Elastic modulus and hardness of the injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins were significantly lower than those of the PMMA conventional heat-polymerized denture-based polymer. Wear depth of polycarbonate and PMMA conventional heat-polymerized denture-based polymer were significantly higher than that of other injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins. The roughness of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins was significantly more than that of PMMA conventional heat-polymerized denture-based polymer after testing. Conclusions Wear resistance of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base was low compared to PMMA conventional heat-polymerized denture-based polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Hamanaka
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Fukuoka Dental CollegeFukuokaJapan
| | - Misa Iwamoto
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Fukuoka Dental CollegeFukuokaJapan
| | - Lippo V J Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Pekka K Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of TurkuTurkuFinland.,Division for Welfare, City of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Yutaka Takahashi
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Fukuoka Dental CollegeFukuokaJapan
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17
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Etxeberria M, Escuin T, Vinas M, Ascaso C. Useful surface parameters for biomaterial discrimination. SCANNING 2015; 37:429-437. [PMID: 26148576 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Topographical features of biomaterials' surfaces are determinant when addressing their application site. Unfortunately up to date there has not been an agreement regarding which surface parameters are more representative in discriminating between materials. Discs (n = 16) of different currently used materials for implant prostheses fabrication, such as cast cobalt-chrome, direct laser metal soldered (DLMS) cobalt-chrome, titanium grade V, zirconia (Y-TZP), E-glass fiber-reinforced composite and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) were manufactured. Nanoscale topographical surface roughness parameters generated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), microscale surface roughness parameters obtained by white light interferometry (WLI) and water angle values obtained by the sessile-water-drop method were analyzed in order to assess which parameter provides the best optimum surface characterization method. Correlations between nanoroughness, microroughness, and hydrophobicity data were performed to achieve the best parameters giving the highest discriminatory power. A subset of six parameters for surface characterization were proposed. AFM and WLI techniques gave complementary information. Wettability did not correlate with any of the nanoroughness parameters while it however showed a weak correlation with microroughness parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Etxeberria
- Doctoral Student, Department of Dentistry and Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Dentistry School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomas Escuin
- Associate Professor, Laboratory of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dentistry School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Vinas
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical and Dentistry Schools, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ascaso
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Nedeljkovic I, Teughels W, De Munck J, Van Meerbeek B, Van Landuyt KL. Is secondary caries with composites a material-based problem? Dent Mater 2015; 31:e247-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ţălu Ş, Stach S, Klaić B, Mišić T, Malina J, Čelebić A. Morphology of Co-Cr-Mo dental alloy surfaces polished by three different mechanical procedures. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:831-9. [PMID: 26190754 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims at characterizing the three-dimensional (3-D) morphology of a Co-Cr-Mo dental alloy surface as a result of three different procedures used for polishing it. The sample surface morphology of the sampled surface was examined employing atomic force microscopy (AFM), statistical surface roughness parameters, and fractal analysis. An extra-hard dental alloy of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) (Wironit(®) , from BEGO, Bremen, Germany) was prepared and moulded. Different polishing treatments were carried out on three groups of six samples each--a total of 18 samples. The first group contained six electropolished (EP) samples. The second group containing six samples went through a mechanical polishing process employing green rubber discs and a high shine polishing paste applied by a rotating black brush (BB). The third group comprising six samples as well went through a mechanical polishing process by means of green rubber discs, high shine polishing paste, and a rotating deer leather brush (DL). Fractal analysis on the basis of a computational algorithm applied to the AFM data was employed for the 3-D quantitative characterization of the morphology of the sampled surfaces. The fractal dimension D (average ± standard deviation) of 3-D surfaces for BB samples (2.19 ± 0.07) is lower than that of the DL samples (2.24 ± 0.08), which is still lower than that of the EP samples (2.27 ± 0.09). The results indicated the BB samples as presenting the lowest values of statistical surface roughness parameters, thus the best surface finish, while the EP samples yielded the highest values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ştefan Ţălu
- Department of AET, Discipline of Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 B-dul Muncii St., Cluj-Napoca, 400641, Cluj, Romania
| | - Sebastian Stach
- Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, Institute of Informatics, University of Silesia, Będzińska 39, 41-205, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Boris Klaić
- Dental Polyclinic, Perkovčeva 3, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tea Mišić
- Institut "Rudjer Bošković", Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jadranka Malina
- Faculty of Metallurgy, University of Zagreb, Aleja narodnih heroja 3, 44000, Sisak, Croatia
| | - Asja Čelebić
- University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Gundulićeva 5, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Berezina S, Il'icheva AA, Podzorova LI, Ţălu Ş. Surface micromorphology of dental composites [CE-TZP]-[Al2O3] with Ca(+2) modifier. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:840-6. [PMID: 26190812 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the three-dimensional (3D) surface micromorphology of the ceramics produced from nanoparticles of alumina and tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) with addition of Ca(+2) for sintering improvement. The 3D surface roughness of samples was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), fractal analysis of the 3D AFM-images, and statistical analysis of surface roughness parameters. Cube counting method, based on the linear interpolation type, applied for AFM data was used for fractal analysis. The morphology of non-modified ceramic sample was characterized by the rather big (1-2 μm) grains of α-Al2O3 phase with a habit close to hexagonal drowned in solid solution of t-ZrO2 with smooth surface. The pattern surfaces of modified composite content a little amount of elongated prismatic grains with composition close to the phase of СаСеAl3О7 as well as hexahedral α-Al2O3-grains. Fractal dimension, D, as well as height values distribution have been determined for the surfaces of the samples with and without modifying. It can be concluded that the smoothest surface is of the modified samples with Ca(+2) modifier but the most regular one is of the non-modified samples. A connection was observed between the surface morphology and the physical properties as assessed in previous works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Berezina
- Department of Physics, University of Zilina, Žilina, 01026, Slovakia
| | - Alla Alexandrovna Il'icheva
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Ivanovna Podzorova
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ştefan Ţălu
- Department of AET, Discipline of Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Cluj-Napoca, 400641, Romania
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21
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Luo W, Huang Q, Liu F, Lin Z, He J. Synthesis of antibacterial methacrylate monomer derived from thiazole and its application in dental resin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 49:61-8. [PMID: 25988792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A non-quaternary ammonium antibacterial methacrylate monomer MEMT derived from thiazole was synthesized and applied into UDMA/TEGDMA dental resin with a series of mass fraction (10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt%). Double bond conversion, polymerization shrinkage, water sorption, solubility, flexural strength and modulus, and antibacterial activity of MEMT containing resin formulations were investigated with UDMA/TEGDMA as control resin. The results showed that MEMT containing dental resin had higher double bond conversion than control resin. Compared with control polymer, all MEMT containing polymer had comparable or lower polymerization shrinkage, water sorption and solubility, except for the polymer with 30 wt% of MEMT which had higher water sorption and solubility than control polymer. The MEMT had no influence on flexural strength and modulus before water immersion, but all MEMT containing polymers had lower flexural strength and modulus than control polymer after water immersion. The MEMT could endow dental polymer with obvious antibacterial activity by immobilizing MEMT into the polymeric network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixun Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Qiting Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Zhengmei Lin
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Jingwei He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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Hamanaka I, Iwamoto M, Lassila LV, Vallittu PK, Shimizu H, Takahashi Y. The effect of cycling deflection on the injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 74:67-72. [PMID: 25953322 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1042039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cycling deflection on the flexural behavior of injection-molded thermoplastic resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six injection-molded thermoplastic resins (two polyamides, two polyesters, one polycarbonate, one polymethyl methacrylate) and, as a control, a conventional heat-polymerized denture based polymer of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were used in this study. The cyclic constant magnitude (1.0 mm) of 5000 cycles was applied using a universal testing machine to demonstrate plasticization of the polymer. Loading was carried out in water at 23ºC with eight specimens per group (n = 8). Cycling load (N) and deformation (mm) were measured. RESULTS Force required to deflect the specimens during the first loading cycle and final loading cycle was statistically significantly different (p < 0.05) with one polyamide based polymer (Valplast) and PMMA based polymers (Acrytone and Acron). The other polyamide based polymer (LucitoneFRS), polyester based polymers (EstheShot and EstheShotBright) and polycarbonate based polymer (ReigningN) did not show significant differences (p > 0.05). None of the materials fractured during the loading test. One polyamide based polymer (Valplast) displayed the highest deformation and PMMA based polymers (Acrytone and Acron) exhibited the second highest deformation among the denture base materials. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that there were considerable differences in the flexural behavior of denture base polymers. This may contribute to the fatigue resistance of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Hamanaka
- a 1 Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Fukuoka Dental College , Fukuoka, Japan
- b 2 Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | - Misa Iwamoto
- a 1 Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Fukuoka Dental College , Fukuoka, Japan
- b 2 Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | - Lippo Vj Lassila
- b 2 Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka K Vallittu
- b 2 Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
- c 3 City of Turku, Division for Welfare , Turku, Finland
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- d 4 Division of Biomaterials, Kyushu Dental University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takahashi
- a 1 Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Fukuoka Dental College , Fukuoka, Japan
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He J, Söderling E, Lassila LVJ, Vallittu PK. Preparation of antibacterial and radio-opaque dental resin with new polymerizable quaternary ammonium monomer. Dent Mater 2015; 31:575-82. [PMID: 25743040 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A new polymerizable quaternary ammonium monomer (IPhene) with iodine anion was synthesized and incorporated into Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (50/50, wt/wt) to prepare antibacterial and radio-opaque dental resin. METHODS IPhene was synthesized through a 2-steps reaction route, and its structure was confirmed by FT-IR and (1)H-NMR spectra. IPhene was incorporated into Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (50/50, wt/wt) with a series of mass fraction (from 10 wt.% to 40 wt.%). Degree of monomer conversion (DC) was determined by FT-IR analysis. Polymerization shrinkage was determined according to the variation of density before and after polymerization. The flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and fracture energy were measured using a three-point bending set up. Radiograph was taken to evaluate the radio-opacity of the polymer. A single-species biofilm model with Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) as the tests organism was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the polymer. Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin system without IPhene was used as a control group. RESULTS FT-IR and (1)H-NMR spectra of IPhene revealed that IPhene was the same as the designed structure. ANOVA analysis showed that when mass fraction of IPhene was more than 10 wt.%, the obtained resin formulation had lower DC, polymerization shrinkage, FS, and FM than control resin (p<0.05). Polymers with 20 wt.% and 30 wt.% IPhene had higher fracture energies than control polymer (p<0.05). IPhene containing samples had higher radio-opacity than control group (p<0.05), and radio-opacity of IPhene containing sample increased with the increasing of IPhene mass fraction (p<0.05). Only polymers with 30 wt.% and 40 wt.% of IPhene showed antibacterial activity (p<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE IPhene could endow dental resin with both antibacterial and radio-opaque activity when IPhene reached 30 wt.% or more. Though sample with 30 wt.% of IPhene had lower FS and FM than control group, its lower volumetric shrinkage, higher fracture energy, higher radio-opacity, and antibacterial activity still made it having potential to be used in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei He
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry and Biocity Turku Biomaterial Research Program, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, Turku 20520, Finland; Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 B, Turku FI-20520, Finland; College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Eva Söderling
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Lippo V J Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry and Biocity Turku Biomaterial Research Program, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, Turku 20520, Finland; Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 B, Turku FI-20520, Finland; Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Pekka K Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry and Biocity Turku Biomaterial Research Program, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, Turku 20520, Finland; Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 B, Turku FI-20520, Finland; Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland; City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, Turku 20101, Finland
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Hamanaka I, Iwamoto M, Lassila L, Vallittu P, Shimizu H, Takahashi Y. Influence of water sorption on mechanical properties of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:859-65. [PMID: 24850507 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.919662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the influence of water sorption on certain mechanical properties of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six thermoplastic resins (two polyamides, two polyesters, one polycarbonate, one polymethylmethacrylate) and a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) conventional heat-polymerized denture-based polymer, selected as a control, were tested. Specimens of each denture base material were fabricated according to ISO 1567 specifications and were either dry or water-immersed for 30 days (n = 10). The ultimate flexural strength, the flexural strength at the proportional limit and the elastic modulus of the denture base materials were calculated. RESULTS Water sorption significantly decreased the ultimate flexural strength, the flexural strength at the proportional limit and the elastic modulus of one of the polyamides and the PMMAs. It also significantly increased the ultimate flexural strength of the polycarbonate. CONCLUSION The mechanical properties of some injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins changed after water sorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Hamanaka
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Fukuoka Dental College , Fukuoka , Japan
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25
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Liang X, Huang Q, Liu F, He J, Lin Z. Synthesis of novel antibacterial monomers (UDMQA) and their potential application in dental resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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He J, Söderling E, Vallittu PK, Lassila LV. Investigation of double bond conversion, mechanical properties, and antibacterial activity of dental resins with different alkyl chain length quaternary ammonium methacrylate monomers (QAM). JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 24:565-73. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2012.699709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei He
- a Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry and Biocity Turku Biomaterial Research Program , University of Turku , Turku , 20520 , Finland
- b Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC , University of Turku , Turku , 20520 , Finland
- c College of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , 510641 , China
| | - Eva Söderling
- d Institute of Dentistry , University of Turku , Turku , 20520 , Finland
| | - Pekka K. Vallittu
- a Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry and Biocity Turku Biomaterial Research Program , University of Turku , Turku , 20520 , Finland
- b Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC , University of Turku , Turku , 20520 , Finland
| | - Lippo V.J. Lassila
- a Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry and Biocity Turku Biomaterial Research Program , University of Turku , Turku , 20520 , Finland
- b Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC , University of Turku , Turku , 20520 , Finland
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Närhi TO, Leminen H, Haukioja A, Söderling E. Adhesion ofAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansandFusobacterium nucleatumon bioactive TiO2surfaces. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 24:45-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Leminen
- Clinic of Oral Diseases; Turku University Central Hospital; Turku; Finland
| | - Anna Haukioja
- Institute of Dentistry; University of Turku; Turku; Finland and National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Efficacy of Esthetic Retainers: Clinical Comparison between Multistranded Wires and Direct-Bond Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composite Splints. Int J Dent 2011; 2011:548356. [PMID: 22114597 PMCID: PMC3205661 DOI: 10.1155/2011/548356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
THE PURPOSE OF THIS LONGITUDINAL PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE THE RELIABILITY OF TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF ORTHODONTIC RETAINERS IN CLINICAL USE: a multistrand stainless steel wire and a polyethylene ribbon-reinforced resin composite. Moreover the level of satisfaction of the patient about the esthetic result was also analyzed by means of a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). 34 patients (9 boys and 25 girls, mean age 14.3), in the finishing phase of orthodontic treatment, were selected for the study. Since splints were applied the number, cause, and date of splint failures were recorded for each single tooth over 12 months. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test, Kaplan Meier survival estimates, and the log-rank test. Kruskal Wallis test was performed to analyze VAS recordings. Differences between the bond failure rates were not statistically significant. Esthetic result of VAS was significantly higher for polyethylene ribbon-reinforced resin retainers than for stainless steel wires.
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Al-Ahmad A, Wiedmann-Al-Ahmad M, Faust J, Bächle M, Follo M, Wolkewitz M, Hannig C, Hellwig E, Carvalho C, Kohal R. Biofilm formation and composition on different implant materials in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 95:101-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Zeiger DN, Stafford CM, Cheng Y, Leigh SD, Lin-Gibson S, Lin NJ. Effects of sample preparation on bacterial colonization of polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:2659-2664. [PMID: 19839634 PMCID: PMC3032611 DOI: 10.1021/la902920n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of materials developed for medical usage frequently includes studies in which the materials are inoculated with bacteria in order to assess bacterial colonization and biofilm formation. Observed differences in bacterial growth are typically considered to be due to the material or the incubation conditions. To our knowledge, the method used to prepare the materials has generally not been considered with regard to its influence on bacterial colonization. The objective of this study was to determine the effects that various preparation methods exert on bacterial colonization of polymer disks. Polymer disks of the same dimethacrylate composition were photopolymerized: (1) between untreated glass slides, (2) between polyester release film, (3) between glass slides treated with an alkyl silane, (4) between glass slides treated with a perfluorinated silane, or (5) with one free surface in an argon-purged chamber. Surface chemistry was quantified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, hydrophobicity was assessed by water contact angle, and topography was characterized using atomic force microscopy. The disks were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans for 4 h, fixed, and visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Differences among all groups were found with regard to surface chemistry, hydrophobicity, topography, and bacteria morphology, density, and coverage, indicating that the method of sample preparation strongly affects both the surface properties and the initial bacterial colonization. Polymerization on untreated slides was selected as the preferred method of preparation due to minimal material transfer to the polymer and consistent, reproducible bacterial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana N. Zeiger
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Yajun Cheng
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Stefan D. Leigh
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Sheng Lin-Gibson
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Nancy J. Lin
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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Lassila LVJ, Garoushi S, Tanner J, Vallittu PK, Söderling E. Adherence of Streptococcus mutans to Fiber-Reinforced Filling Composite and Conventional Restorative Materials. Open Dent J 2009; 3:227-32. [PMID: 20148170 PMCID: PMC2817876 DOI: 10.2174/1874210600903010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 04/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. The aim was to investigate the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) to a short glass fibers reinforced semi-IPN polymer matrix composite resin. The effect of surface roughness on adhesion was also studied. For comparison, different commercial restorative materials were also evaluated. Materials and Methods. Experimental composite FC resin was prepared by mixing 22.5 wt% of short E-glass fibers, 22.5 wt% of IPN-resin and 55 wt% of silane treated silica fillers using high speed mixing machine. Three direct composite resins (Z250, Grandio and Nulite), resin-modified glass ionomers (Fuji II LC), amalgam (ANA 2000), fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) (everStick and Ribbond), and pre-fabricated ceramic filling insert (Cerana class 1) were tested in this study. Enamel and dentin were used as controls. The specimens (n=3/group) with or without saliva were incubated in a suspension of S. mutans allowing initial adhesion to occur. For the enumeration of cells on the disc surfaces as colony forming units (CFU) the vials with the microbe samples were thoroughly Vortex-treated and after serial dilutions grown anaerobically for 2 days at +37°C on Mitis salivarius agars (Difco) containing bacitracin. Bacterial adhesion was also evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy. Surface roughness (Ra) of the materials was also determined using a surface profilometer. All results were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results. Composite FC resin and other commercial restorative materials showed similar adhesion of S. mutans, while adhesion to dentin and enamel was significantly higher (p<0.05). Surface roughness had no effect on bacterial adhesion. Saliva coating significantly decreased the adhesion for all materials (p<0.05). Composite FC resin had a significantly higher Ra value than control groups (p<0.05). Conclusions. Short fiber-reinforced composite with semi-IPN polymer matrix revealed similar S. mutans adhesion than commercial restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lippo V J Lassila
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry & Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Adhesion of respiratory-infection-associated microorganisms on degradable thermoplastic composites. Int J Biomater 2009; 2009:765813. [PMID: 20130804 PMCID: PMC2814101 DOI: 10.1155/2009/765813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate bacterial adhesion and early colonization on a composite consisting of bioactive glass (BAG) particles and copolymer of epsilon-caprolactone/D,L-lactide. Materials were incubated with suspensions of both type strains and clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for 30 minutes (adhesion) and 4 hours (colonization). Clear differences exist in the microorganisms' ability to adhere on the experimental materials. However, the presence of BAG particles does not inhibit bacterial adhesion, but early colonization of the materials with P. aeruginosa was inhibited by the addition of 90-315 mum BAG particles.
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The oral cavity—a key system to understand substratum-dependent bioadhesion on solid surfaces in man. Clin Oral Investig 2009; 13:123-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-008-0243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Beyth N, Bahir R, Matalon S, Domb AJ, Weiss EI. Streptococcus mutans biofilm changes surface-topography of resin composites. Dent Mater 2008; 24:732-6. [PMID: 17897707 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polymerized resin composites and nonpolymerized monomers are reported to accelerate bacterial growth. Furthermore, in vivo, resin composite restorations accumulate more plaque than other restorative materials. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that bacteria-composite surface interaction causes changes in surface-topography. METHODS Resin composite disks were polymerized between two glass slides. Streptococcus mutans cells were brought in contact with and grown on the disks for 1 day, 1 week or 1 month. The disks were analyzed using atomic force microscopy. One-month-aged composite specimens were assayed for changes in micro-hardness and bacterial outgrowth. RESULTS Atomic force microscopy analysis revealed a time-dependent increase in root mean square (RMS) roughness (p<0.0001). S. mutans outgrowth was accelerated following direct contact with the surface of aged composites, with no changes in micro-hardness. SIGNIFICANCE Our results show that S. mutans growth on resin composite increases surface roughness without affecting micro-hardness. The change in surface integrity may further accelerate biofilm accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Beyth
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Reddy ES, Patil NP, Guttal SS, Jagadish HG. Effect of Different Finishing and Polishing Agents on the Surface Roughness of Cast Pure Titanium. J Prosthodont 2007; 16:263-8. [PMID: 17451480 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2007.00187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of finishing and polishing agents on surface roughness of cast commercially pure titanium using scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A standardized square steel die measuring 10 x 10 mm with a thickness of 2 mm was machine cut. An impression of this die was used to create wax patterns for casting. Sixty specimens were cast in commercially pure titanium. These were divided into three groups (A, B, and C) of 20 specimens each. Group A specimens were polished with black, brown, and green rubber discs followed by green polishing compound with buff. Group B specimens were polished with black, brown, and green rubber cones, buffed with yellow polishing cake designed for gold alloy. Group C specimens were polished with silicium carbide cones and buffed with orange polishing cake. Surface roughness of the test specimens was measured in microns with a perthometer. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) multiple comparison tests among the different groups. Qualitative analysis was done by SEM photomicrographs. RESULTS Surface roughness values R(a) for Groups A, B, and C were 0.68 microm, 0.78 microm, and 0.27 microm, respectively. SEM photomicrographs and the statistical analysis revealed that the finishing and polishing were better with Group C test specimens with lower surface roughness values compared with groups A and B. Tests showed that Group C was statistically smoother (p< or = 0.01). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, surface roughness was less on cast CpTi specimens that were finished and polished from the cutters designed specifically for titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Srinivas Reddy
- Sri Sai Dental College, Department of Prosthodontics, Vikarabad, Andra Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Flow displacement systems are superior to many other (static) systems for studying microbial adhesion to surfaces because mass transport and prevailing shear conditions can be adequately controlled and notoriously ill-defined slight rinsing steps to remove so-called "loosely adhering organisms" can be avoided. In this review, we present the basic background required to calculate mass transport and shear rates in flow displacement systems, focusing on the parallel plate flow chamber as an example. Critical features in the design of flow displacement systems are discussed, as well as different strategies for data analysis. Finally, selected examples of working with flow displacement systems are given for diverse biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk J Busscher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, P.O. Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
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Callaghan DJ, Vaziri A, Nayeb-Hashemi H. Effect of fiber volume fraction and length on the wear characteristics of glass fiber-reinforced dental composites. Dent Mater 2006; 22:84-93. [PMID: 16002133 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2005.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2004] [Revised: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was to evaluate the wear characteristics of fiber-reinforced dental composites. Variables under investigation include the fiber weight percent added to the matrix as well as fiber length. METHODS Dental specimens with glass fiber content of 2, 5.1, 5.7, and 7.6 wt% with fiber length of either 1.5 or 3 mm, were prepared by mixing an activated dental resin with commercial glass fibers. The specimens were then tested on a pin on disc setup, where the antagonist disc was manufactured of a similar fiber-reinforced composite with 5.1 wt% fiber and fiber length of 3 mm. The volume loss and coefficient of friction of the specimens was monitored periodically throughout testing. In addition, the wear surfaces of all specimens were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS The specimens with 5.7 wt% fibers and fiber length of 3 mm performed better in this study compared to all other fiber-reinforced specimens under all load conditions. In fact, this specimen had a comparable wear rate to a particle-filled dental composite. For the fiber lengths considered, increasing the length of the fibers increased the wear resistance of the specimen. The coefficient of friction showed a good correlation with the wear resistance of specimens. SIGNIFICANCE Fiber-reinforced composites demonstrated a high resistance to wear and may therefore be advantageous for dental applications, where high wear resistance is essential to functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Callaghan
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Hsu SH, Kao YC. Biocompatibility of poly(carbonate urethane)s with various degrees of nanophase separation. Macromol Biosci 2005; 5:246-53. [PMID: 15768444 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200400163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nanophase separation has been suggested to influence the biological performance of polyurethane. In a previous work, six different 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI)-based poly(carbonate urethane)s (PCUs) that exhibited various degrees of nanophase separation were synthesized and characterized. In the present work, these PCUs were used as a model system to study the effect of nanometric structures on the biocompatibility of polyurethane. Human blood platelet activation, monocyte activation, protein adsorption, and bacterial adhesion on PCU were investigated in vitro. It was found that human blood platelets as well as monocytes were less activated on the PCU surfaces with a greater degree of nanophase separation in general. This phenomenon was closely associated with the lower ratio of human fibrinogen/albumin competitively adsorbed on these surfaces. Bacterial adhesion was also inhibited in some nanophase-separated PCUs. [diagram in text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Hui Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan ROC.
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Tanner J, Robinson C, Söderling E, Vallittu P. Early plaque formation on fibre-reinforced composites in vivo. Clin Oral Investig 2005; 9:154-60. [PMID: 15988611 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-005-0317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 04/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, two different fibre-reinforced composites (FRCs) (glass and polyethylene FRC), dental ceramic and restorative composite were compared with respect to early plaque formation in vivo. Disc-shaped specimens were randomly distributed among the upper first and second molars of 14 healthy adult volunteers. Plaque samples were collected 24 h after the attachment of the specimens. Mutans streptococci (MS), non-mutans streptococci and total facultative bacteria were cultured. The plaque recovered from polyethylene FRC harboured significantly more MS than the plaque of ceramic, restorative composite and glass FRC. For the counts of non-mutans streptococci and total facultative bacteria, polyethylene FRC showed the highest counts, and ceramic showed a trend towards lower counts. The amount of plaque accumulation showed an association to the earlier reported surface roughness values of the studied materials. It was concluded that in the oral environment, polyethylene FRC promotes plaque accumulation and adhesion of MS more than glass FRC, restorative composite and dental ceramic. Glass FRC resembles restorative composite with respect to plaque accumulation and the adherence of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Tanner
- Institute of Dentistry and Biomaterials Research, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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Bezzon OL, Pedrazzi H, Zaniquelli O, da Silva TBC. Effect of casting technique on surface roughness and consequent mass loss after polishing of NiCr and CoCr base metal alloys: a comparative study with titanium. J Prosthet Dent 2004; 92:274-7. [PMID: 15343163 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2004.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Surface roughness of cast metal frameworks may lead to difficulties in finishing or polishing procedures and weaken the framework. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the surface roughness of 2 base metal alloys, submitted to different casting techniques, to determine the influence of surface roughness on loss of mass after polishing compared to commercially pure titanium castings. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty disk-shaped wax patterns (8 x 2 mm) were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n=8): (1) CoCr alloy (Wironit), acetylene-oxygen flame casting (WFC), (2) NiCr alloy (Verabond II), acetylene-oxygen flame casting (VFC), (3) CoCr alloy, vacuum casting (WVC), (4) NiCr alloy, vacuum casting (VVC), and (5) commercially pure Ti alloy (Ti) melted by electric arc in argon gas atmosphere. WFC and VFC served as controls. Both NiCr and CoCr alloys were invested in phosphate-bonded investment (Termocast). Ti was invested in ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (Rematitam Plus). The wax patterns and casting techniques were standardized. All specimens were cleaned with airborne-particle abrasion (aluminum oxide). Surface roughness (Ra) was assessed using a surface-test analyzer at 3 different sites. To evaluate the loss of mass, the specimens were weighed on a precision balance, then polished with 150-600 grain sandpaper until clinically acceptable (minimum roughness of 0.09 microm). The specimens were then reweighed. A 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD test (alpha=.05) were performed. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed that VVC and WVC had significantly (P=.0050; P=.0057) smoother surfaces (2.43 +/- 0.53 and 2.23 +/- 0.49, respectively) than VFC and WFC (2.99 +/- 0.44 and 2.83 +/- 0.61, respectively), but were not significantly different from Ti (2.49 +/- 0.62). The loss of mass (in %) was not significantly different for any group (3.18 +/- 0.72, 3.14 +/- 0.93, 3.36 +/- 1.05%, and 4.14 +/- 1.28% for VVC, WVC, VFC, and WFC, respectively). The mass loss of Ti was 4.32 +/- 1.16. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, the base metal alloys submitted to vacuum casting showed decreased surface roughness, similar to that of titanium, compared to base metal alloys submitted to acetylene-oxygen flame casting. There were no significant differences in loss of mass after polishing for all tested specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Luiz Bezzon
- Department of Dental Materials and Prostheses, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bakker DP, Postmus BR, Busscher HJ, van der Mei HC. Bacterial strains isolated from different niches can exhibit different patterns of adhesion to substrata. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:3758-60. [PMID: 15184186 PMCID: PMC427793 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.6.3758-3760.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Various mechanisms have been demonstrated to be operative in bacterial adhesion to surfaces, but whether bacterial adhesion to surfaces can ever be captured in one generally valid mechanism is open to question. Although many papers in the literature make an attempt to generalize their conclusions, the majority of studies of bacterial adhesion comprise only two or fewer strains. Here we demonstrate that three strains isolated from a medical environment have a decreasing affinity for substrata with increasing surface free energy, whereas three strains from a marine environment have an increasing affinity for substrata with increasing surface free energy. Furthermore, adhesion of the marine strains related positively with substratum elasticity, but such a relation was absent in the strains from the medical environment. This study makes it clear that strains isolated from a given niche, whether medical or marine, utilize different mechanisms in adherence, which hampers the development of a generalized theory for bacterial adhesion to surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi P Bakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
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