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Han J, Luo J, Wang C, Kapilevich L, Zhang XA. Roles and mechanisms of copper homeostasis and cuproptosis in osteoarticular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116570. [PMID: 38599063 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element in the human body that is extensively distributed throughout various tissues. The appropriate level of copper is crucial to maintaining the life activities of the human body, and the excess and deficiency of copper can lead to various diseases. The copper levels in the human body are regulated by copper homeostasis, which maintains appropriate levels of copper in tissues and cells by controlling its absorption, transport, and storage. Cuproptosis is a distinct form of cell death induced by the excessive accumulation of intracellular copper. Copper homeostasis and cuproptosis has recently elicited increased attention in the realm of human health. Cuproptosis has emerged as a promising avenue for cancer therapy. Studies concerning osteoarticular diseases have elucidated the intricate interplay among copper homeostasis, cuproptosis, and the onset of osteoarticular diseases. Copper dysregulation and cuproptosis cause abnormal bone and cartilage metabolism, affecting related cells. This phenomenon assumes a critical role in the pathophysiological processes underpinning various osteoarticular diseases, with implications for inflammatory and immune responses. While early Cu-modulating agents have shown promise in clinical settings, additional research and advancements are warranted to enhance their efficacy. In this review, we summarize the effects and potential mechanisms of copper homeostasis and cuproptosis on bone and cartilage, as well as their regulatory roles in the pathological mechanism of osteoarticular diseases (e.g., osteosarcoma (OS), osteoarthritis (OA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)). We also discuss the clinical-application prospects of copper-targeting strategy, which may provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarticular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Han
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110100, China
| | - Jiayi Luo
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110100, China
| | - Cuijing Wang
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110100, China
| | - Leonid Kapilevich
- Faculty of Physical Education, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Xin-An Zhang
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110100, China.
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2
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Marques-Carvalho A, Kim HN, Almeida M. The role of reactive oxygen species in bone cell physiology and pathophysiology. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101664. [PMID: 38163012 PMCID: PMC10757300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion radical (O2-•), and other forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by the vast majority of mammalian cells and can contribute both to cellular homeostasis and dysfunction. The NADPH oxidases (NOX) enzymes and the mitochondria electron transport chain (ETC) produce most of the cellular ROS. Multiple antioxidant systems prevent the accumulation of excessive amounts of ROS which cause damage to all cellular macromolecules. Many studies have examined the contribution of ROS to different bone cell types and to skeletal physiology and pathophysiology. Here, we discuss the role of H2O2 and O2-• and their major enzymatic sources in osteoclasts and osteoblasts, the fundamentally different ways via which these cell types utilize mitochondrial derived H2O2 for differentiation and function, and the molecular mechanisms that impact and are altered by ROS in these cells. Particular emphasis is placed on evidence obtained from mouse models describing the contribution of different sources of ROS or antioxidant enzymes to bone resorption and formation. Findings from studies using pharmacological or genetically modified mouse models indicate that an increase in H2O2 and perhaps other ROS contribute to the loss of bone mass with aging and estrogen deficiency, the two most important causes of osteoporosis and increased fracture risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Marques-Carvalho
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Ha-Neui Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
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3
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Bonanni R, Cariati I, Marini M, Tarantino U, Tancredi V. Microgravity and Musculoskeletal Health: What Strategies Should Be Used for a Great Challenge? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1423. [PMID: 37511798 PMCID: PMC10381503 DOI: 10.3390/life13071423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Space colonization represents the most insidious challenge for mankind, as numerous obstacles affect the success of space missions. Specifically, the absence of gravitational forces leads to systemic physiological alterations, with particular emphasis on the musculoskeletal system. Indeed, astronauts exposed to spaceflight are known to report a significant impairment of bone microarchitecture and muscle mass, conditions clinically defined as osteoporosis and sarcopenia. In this context, space medicine assumes a crucial position, as the development of strategies to prevent and/or counteract weightlessness-induced alterations appears to be necessary. Furthermore, the opportunity to study the biological effects induced by weightlessness could provide valuable information regarding adaptations to spaceflight and suggest potential treatments that can preserve musculoskeletal health under microgravity conditions. Noteworthy, improving knowledge about the latest scientific findings in this field of research is crucial, as is thoroughly investigating the mechanisms underlying biological adaptations to microgravity and searching for innovative solutions to counter spaceflight-induced damage. Therefore, this narrative study review, performed using the MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases, aims to summarize the most recent evidence regarding the effects of real and simulated microgravity on the musculoskeletal system and to discuss the effectiveness of the main defence strategies used in both real and experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bonanni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ida Cariati
- Department of Systems Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Marini
- Department of Systems Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, "Policlinico Tor Vergata" Foundation, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- Department of Systems Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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4
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Lan R, Li Y, Zhao X, Shen R, Wang R, Mao R, Guo S. Low-Molecular-Weight Chondroitin Sulfates Alleviate Simulated Microgravity-Induced Oxidative Stress and Bone Loss in Mice. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4214-4227. [PMID: 37232737 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Many studies have shown that microgravity experienced by astronauts or long-term bedridden patients results in increased oxidative stress and bone loss. Low-molecular-weight chondroitin sulfates (LMWCSs) prepared from intact chondroitin sulfate (CS) have been demonstrated to possess good antioxidant and osteogenic activities in vitro. This study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity of the LMWCSs in vivo and evaluate their potential in preventing microgravity-induced bone loss. (2) Methods: we used hind limb suspension (HLS) mice to simulate microgravity in vivo. We investigated the effects of LMWCSs against oxidative stress damage and bone loss in HLS mice and compared the findings with those of CS and a non-treatment group. (3) Results: LMWCSs reduced the HLS-induced oxidative stress level, prevented HLS-induced alterations in bone microstructure and mechanical strength, and reversed changes in bone metabolism indicators in HLS mice. Additionally, LMWCSs downregulated the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant enzyme- and osteogenic-related genes in HLS mice. The results showed that overall effect of LMWCSs was better than that of CS. (4) Conclusions: LMWCSs protect against the bone loss caused by simulated microgravity, which may be related to their ability to reduce oxidative stress. LMWCSs can be envisaged as potential antioxidants and bone loss protective agents in microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lan
- Beijing Polytechnic Institute, College of Bioengineering, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Ye Li
- Beijing Polytechnic Institute, College of Bioengineering, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xinying Zhao
- Beijing Polytechnic Institute, College of Bioengineering, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Rong Shen
- Beijing Polytechnic Institute, College of Bioengineering, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Ruili Wang
- Beijing Polytechnic Institute, College of Bioengineering, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Ruixin Mao
- Department of Environmental Control and Life Support System, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Shuangsheng Guo
- Department of Environmental Control and Life Support System, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
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5
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Zhang C, Li H, Li J, Hu J, Yang K, Tao L. Oxidative stress: A common pathological state in a high-risk population for osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114834. [PMID: 37163779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is becoming a major concern in the field of public health. The process of bone loss is insidious and does not directly induce obvious symptoms. Complications indicate an irreversible decrease in bone mass. The high-risk populations of osteoporosis, including postmenopausal women, elderly men, diabetic patients and obese individuals need regular bone mineral density testing and appropriate preventive treatment. However, the primary changes in these populations are different, increasing the difficulty of effective treatment of osteoporosis. Determining the core pathogenesis of osteoporosis helps improve the efficiency and efficacy of treatment among these populations. Oxidative stress is a common pathological state secondary to estrogen deficiency, aging, hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia. In this review, we divided oxidative stress into the direct effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the reduction of antioxidant enzyme activity to discuss their roles in the development of osteoporosis. ROS initiated mitochondrial apoptotic signaling and suppressed osteogenic marker expression to weaken osteogenesis. MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways mediated the positive effect of ROS on osteoclast differentiation. Antioxidant enzymes not only eliminate the negative effects of ROS, but also directly participate in the regulation of bone metabolism. Additionally, we also described the roles of proinflammatory factors and HIF-1α under the pathophysiological changes of inflammation and hypoxia, which provided a supplement of oxidative stress-induced osteoporosis. In conclusion, our review showed that oxidative stress was a common pathological state in a high-risk population for osteoporosis. Targeted oxidative stress treatment would greatly optimize the therapeutic schedule of various osteoporosis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiajin Hu
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Keda Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, China.
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, China.
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Sloan K, Thomas J, Blackwell M, Voisard D, Lana-Elola E, Watson-Scales S, Roper DL, Wallace JM, Fisher EMC, Tybulewicz VLJ, Roper RJ. Genetic dissection of triplicated chromosome 21 orthologs yields varying skeletal traits in Down syndrome model mice. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049927. [PMID: 36939025 PMCID: PMC10163323 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) phenotypes result from triplicated genes, but the effects of three copy genes are not well known. A mouse mapping panel genetically dissecting human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) syntenic regions was used to investigate the contributions and interactions of triplicated Hsa21 orthologous genes on mouse chromosome 16 (Mmu16) on skeletal phenotypes. Skeletal structure and mechanical properties were assessed in femurs of male and female Dp9Tyb, Dp2Tyb, Dp3Tyb, Dp4Tyb, Dp5Tyb, Dp6Tyb, Ts1Rhr and Dp1Tyb;Dyrk1a+/+/- mice. Dp1Tyb mice, with the entire Hsa21 homologous region of Mmu16 triplicated, display bone deficits similar to those of humans with DS and served as a baseline for other strains in the panel. Bone phenotypes varied based on triplicated gene content, sex and bone compartment. Three copies of Dyrk1a played a sex-specific, essential role in trabecular deficits and may interact with other genes to influence cortical deficits related to DS. Triplicated genes in Dp9Tyb and Dp2Tyb mice improved some skeletal parameters. As triplicated genes can both improve and worsen bone deficits, it is important to understand the interaction between and molecular mechanisms of skeletal alterations affected by these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourtney Sloan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jared Thomas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Matthew Blackwell
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Deanna Voisard
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joseph M. Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | | | - Randall J. Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Cariati I, Bonanni R, Rinaldi AM, Marini M, Iundusi R, Gasbarra E, Tancredi V, Tarantino U. Recombinant irisin prevents cell death and mineralization defects induced by random positioning machine exposure in primary cultures of human osteoblasts: A promising strategy for the osteoporosis treatment. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1107933. [PMID: 37008023 PMCID: PMC10052411 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1107933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight exposure, like prolonged skeletal unloading, is known to result in significant bone loss, but the molecular mechanisms responsible are still partly unknown. This impairment, characterizing both conditions, suggests the possibility of identifying common signalling pathways and developing innovative treatment strategies to counteract the bone loss typical of astronauts and osteoporotic patients. In this context, primary cell cultures of human osteoblasts derived from healthy subjects and osteoporotic patients were exposed to random positioning machine (RPM) to reproduce the absence of gravity and to exacerbate the pathological condition, respectively. The duration of exposure to RPM was 3 or 6 days, with the aim of determining whether a single administration of recombinant irisin (r-irisin) could prevent cell death and mineralizing capacity loss. In detail, cellular responses were assessed both in terms of death/survival, by MTS assay, analysis of oxidative stress and caspase activity, as well as the expression of survival and cell death proteins, and in terms of mineralizing capacity, by investigating the pentraxin 3 (PTX3) expression. Our results suggest that the effects of a single dose of r-irisin are maintained for a limited time, as demonstrated by complete protection after 3 days of RPM exposure and only partial protection when RPM exposure was for a longer time. Therefore, the use of r-irisin could be a valid strategy to counteract the bone mass loss induced by weightlessness and osteoporosis. Further studies are needed to determine an optimal treatment strategy based on the use of r-irisin that is fully protective even over very long periods of exposure and/or to identify further approaches to be used in a complementary manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Cariati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bonanni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Bonanni,
| | - Anna Maria Rinaldi
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Marini
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Iundusi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Gasbarra
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Soyocak A, Doganer F, Duzgun Ergun D, Budak M, Turgut Coşan D, Ozgen M. Evaluation of Relationship Between SOD1 50-bp Deletion Gene Polymorphism, Cu, Zn Level, and Viscosity in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Patients with Vertebral Fractures. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:603-610. [PMID: 35243588 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of bone loss, causing low bone mineral density (BMD) and associated osteoporotic fractures. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship of SOD1 50-bp insertion(Ins)/deletion(Del) polymorphism that is involved in oxidative stress metabolism, Cu and Zn element concentrations, and plasma viscosity level, with postmenopausal osteoporosis and related vertebral fractures. The study included 167 voluntary individuals. The 50-bp Ins/Del polymorphism of SOD1 was determined by allele-specific PCR. Plasma Cu and Zn levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The plasma viscosity was determined using the Harkness Capillary Viscometer device. In our study, the distribution of SOD1 promoter 50-bp Ins/Del polymorphism did not indicate a significant difference between the groups and in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients with and without fractures (p > 0.05). The Ins/Ins genotype was found to be common in individuals in both groups. The Cu and Zn levels of the study group were found to be between the normal reference values (p > 0.05). It was determined that plasma viscosity increased significantly in the group of osteoporotic patients and in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis with fractures (p < 0.01). In addition, plasma viscosity was found to significantly increase in patients with Ins/Ins genotype and fractures (p < 0.01). Postmenopausal osteoporosis and associated vertebral fracture were found not to be directly related to SOD1 50-bp polymorphism and Cu and Zn element levels. Plasma viscosity levels were found to increase due to the increase in oxidative stress products. Further studies are needed to clarify the roles and relationships of SOD genes and trace elements in the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis and vertebral fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahu Soyocak
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fulya Doganer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Dilek Duzgun Ergun
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Budak
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Turgut Coşan
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Merih Ozgen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Changes in interstitial fluid flow, mass transport and the bone cell response in microgravity and normogravity. Bone Res 2022; 10:65. [PMID: 36411278 PMCID: PMC9678891 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, our scientific interest in spaceflight has grown exponentially and resulted in a thriving area of research, with hundreds of astronauts spending months of their time in space. A recent shift toward pursuing territories farther afield, aiming at near-Earth asteroids, the Moon, and Mars combined with the anticipated availability of commercial flights to space in the near future, warrants continued understanding of the human physiological processes and response mechanisms when in this extreme environment. Acute skeletal loss, more severe than any bone loss seen on Earth, has significant implications for deep space exploration, and it remains elusive as to why there is such a magnitude of difference between bone loss on Earth and loss in microgravity. The removal of gravity eliminates a critical primary mechano-stimulus, and when combined with exposure to both galactic and solar cosmic radiation, healthy human tissue function can be negatively affected. An additional effect found in microgravity, and one with limited insight, involves changes in dynamic fluid flow. Fluids provide the most fundamental way to transport chemical and biochemical elements within our bodies and apply an essential mechano-stimulus to cells. Furthermore, the cell cytoplasm is not a simple liquid, and fluid transport phenomena together with viscoelastic deformation of the cytoskeleton play key roles in cell function. In microgravity, flow behavior changes drastically, and the impact on cells within the porous system of bone and the influence of an expanding level of adiposity are not well understood. This review explores the role of interstitial fluid motion and solute transport in porous bone under two different conditions: normogravity and microgravity.
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Horeau M, Ropert M, Mulder E, Tank J, Frings-Meuthen P, Armbrecht G, Loréal O, Derbré F. Iron Metabolism Regulation in Females and Males Exposed to Simulated Microgravity: results from the Randomized Trial AGBRESA. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1430-1440. [PMID: 36026525 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron metabolism imbalance could contribute to physical deconditioning experienced by astronauts due to its essential role in energy metabolism, cellular respiration, and oxygen transport. OBJECTIVES In this clinical exploratory study, we wanted to determine whether artificial gravity (AG) training modulated iron metabolism, red blood cell indices, and body lean mass in male and female healthy participants exposed to head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest, the reference ground-based model of microgravity. METHODS We recruited 8 female and 16 male healthy participants who were all exposed to HDT bed rest for 60 days. In addition, they were assigned to three experimental groups (n = 8/each): controls, continuous AG training in a short-arm centrifuge (1×30 min/day), and intermittent AG training (6 × 5 min/day). RESULTS The iron metabolism responses to simulated microgravity of AG training groups do not significantly differ from the responses of controls. Independently from AG, we found that both serum iron (+31.3%, P = 0.027) and transferrin saturation levels (+28.4%, P = 0.009) increased in males after 6 days of HDT bed rest, as well as serum hepcidin levels (+36.9% P = 0.005). The increase of transferrin saturation levels persisted after 57 days of HDT bed rest (+13.5%, P = 0.026), suggesting that long-term exposure to microgravity sustainably increases serum iron availability in males, and consequently the risk of iron excess or misdistribution. In females, 6 and 57 days of HDT bed rest did not significantly change serum iron, transferrin saturation, and hepcidin levels. CONCLUSIONS The data from this exploratory study suggest that 1) AG training does not influence the iron metabolism responses to microgravity; 2) iron metabolism parameters, especially iron availability for cells, are significantly increased in males, but not in females, exposed to long-term simulated microgravity. Due to the small sample size of females, we nevertheless must be cautious before concluding that iron metabolism could differently respond to microgravity in females. Clinical trial registry number: DRKS00015677.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Horeau
- Laboratory "Movement Sport and Health Sciences" EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, France.,INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1241, AEM2 platform, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) institute, Rennes, France
| | - Martine Ropert
- INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1241, AEM2 platform, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) institute, Rennes, France.,Department of Biochemistry, CHU Rennes, France
| | - Edwin Mulder
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Tank
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Frings-Meuthen
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriele Armbrecht
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Radiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olivier Loréal
- INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1241, AEM2 platform, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) institute, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Derbré
- Laboratory "Movement Sport and Health Sciences" EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, France
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11
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Buettmann EG, Goldscheitter GM, Hoppock GA, Friedman MA, Suva LJ, Donahue HJ. Similarities Between Disuse and Age-Induced Bone Loss. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1417-1434. [PMID: 35773785 PMCID: PMC9378610 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Disuse and aging are known risk factors associated with low bone mass and quality deterioration, resulting in increased fracture risk. Indeed, current and emerging evidence implicate a large number of shared skeletal manifestations between disuse and aging scenarios. This review provides a detailed overview of current preclinical models of musculoskeletal disuse and the clinical scenarios they seek to recapitulate. We also explore and summarize the major similarities between bone loss after extreme disuse and advanced aging at multiple length scales, including at the organ/tissue, cellular, and molecular level. Specifically, shared structural and material alterations of bone loss are presented between disuse and aging, including preferential loss of bone at cancellous sites, cortical thinning, and loss of bone strength due to enhanced fragility. At the cellular level bone loss is accompanied, during disuse and aging, by increased bone resorption, decreased formation, and enhanced adipogenesis due to altered gap junction intercellular communication, WNT/β-catenin and RANKL/OPG signaling. Major differences between extreme short-term disuse and aging are discussed, including anatomical specificity, differences in bone turnover rates, periosteal modeling, and the influence of subject sex and genetic variability. The examination also identifies potential shared mechanisms underlying bone loss in aging and disuse that warrant further study such as collagen cross-linking, advanced glycation end products/receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE) signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling, cellular senescence, and altered lacunar-canalicular connectivity (mechanosensation). Understanding the shared structural alterations, changes in bone cell function, and molecular mechanisms common to both extreme disuse and aging are paramount to discovering therapies to combat both age-related and disuse-induced osteoporosis. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan G Buettmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Galen M Goldscheitter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gabriel A Hoppock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael A Friedman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Larry J Suva
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Henry J Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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12
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Schoppa AM, Chen X, Ramge JM, Vikman A, Fischer V, Haffner-Luntzer M, Riegger J, Tuckermann J, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Ignatius A. Osteoblast lineage Sod2 deficiency leads to an osteoporosis-like phenotype in mice. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274992. [PMID: 35394023 PMCID: PMC9118037 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and strength associated with fragility fractures. Oxidative stress, which results from elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and arises in the aging organism, is considered one of the critical factors contributing to osteoporosis. Mitochondrial (mt)ROS, as the superoxide anion (O2−) generated during mitochondrial respiration, are eliminated in the young organism by antioxidant defense mechanisms, including superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), the expression and activity of which are decreased in aging mesenchymal progenitor cells, accompanied by increased mtROS production. Using a mouse model of osteoblast lineage cells with Sod2 deficiency, we observed significant bone loss in trabecular and cortical bones accompanied by decreased osteoblast activity, increased adipocyte accumulation in the bone marrow and augmented osteoclast activity, suggestive of altered mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation and osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, osteoblast senescence was increased. To date, there are only a few studies suggesting a causal association between mtROS and cellular senescence in tissue in vivo. Targeting SOD2 to improve redox homeostasis could represent a potential therapeutic strategy for maintaining bone health during aging. Summary: Osteoblast-lineage specific Sod2 deficiency in mice leads to increased mtROS, impaired osteoblast function, increased adipogenesis, increased osteoclast activity and increased osteoblast senescence, resulting in bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid M Schoppa
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Xiangxu Chen
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan-Moritz Ramge
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Vikman
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Verena Fischer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Riegger
- Department of Orthopedics, Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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13
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Linoleic Acid Attenuates Denervation-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice through Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094778. [PMID: 35563168 PMCID: PMC9105847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is a major muscle disease, the symptoms of which include decreased muscle volume leading to insufficient muscular support during exercise. One cause of muscle atrophy is the induction of oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study aimed to identify the antioxidant mechanism of linoleic acid (LA) in muscle atrophy caused by oxidative stress. H2O2 has been used to induce oxidative stress in myoblasts in vitro. C2C12 myoblasts treated with H2O2 exhibited decreased viability and increased ROS synthesis. However, with LA treatment, the cells tended to recover from oxidative effects similar to those of the control groups. At the molecular level, the expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), Bax, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and phosphorylated forkhead box protein O1 was increased by oxidative stress, causing apoptosis. LA treatment suppressed these changes. In addition, the expression of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1/MAFbx mRNA increased under oxidative stress but not in the LA-treated group. Sciatic denervation of C57BL/6 mice manifested as atrophy of the skeletal muscle in micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The protein expression levels of SOD1, HSP70, and MuRF1 did not differ between the atrophied muscle tissues and C2C12 myoblasts under oxidative stress. With LA treatment, muscle atrophy recovered and protein expression was restored to levels similar to those in the control. Therefore, this study suggests that LA may be a candidate substance for preventing muscle atrophy.
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14
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Ateeq H, Zia A, Husain Q, Khan MS, Ahmad M. Effect of inflammation on bones in diabetic patients with periodontitis via RANKL/OPG system-A review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1003-1009. [PMID: 35673491 PMCID: PMC9167386 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis are inflammatory diseases, the severity of inflammation results in the progression and persistence of both the disorders and affects bones. Diabetic complications aggravate in diabetic subjects having periodontitis; similarly, diabetic patients are more prone to developing gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontal and diabetic inflammation disturbs bone homeostasis, which possibly involves both innate and adaptive immune responses. The pathogenic processes that link the two diseases are the focus of much research and it is likely that upregulated inflammation arising from each condition adversely affects the other. RANKL/OPG pathway plays a prominent role in periodontal and diabetic inflammation and bone resorption. Method This review article summarises the literature on the link between inflammatory cytokines and the prevalence of disturbed bone homeostasis in diabetic patients with periodontitis. An extensive search was done in PubMed, Scopus, Medline and Google Scholar databases between April 2003 and May 2021. Result A total of 27 articles, including pilot studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, randomized control trials, longitudinal studies, descriptive studies and experimental studies, were included in our literature review. Conclusion Since RANKL/OPG are cytokines and have immune responses, regulating these cytokines expression will help control diabetes, periodontitis and bone homeostasis. The growing evidence of bone loss and increased fracture risk in diabetic patients with periodontitis makes it imperative that health professionals carry out planned treatment focusing on monitoring oral health in diabetic patients; bone markers should also be evaluated in patients with chronic periodontitis with an impaired glycemic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Ateeq
- grid.411340.30000 0004 1937 0765Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India ,grid.411340.30000 0004 1937 0765Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Afaf Zia
- grid.411340.30000 0004 1937 0765Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Qayyum Husain
- grid.411340.30000 0004 1937 0765Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Mohd Sajid Khan
- grid.411340.30000 0004 1937 0765Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Mohd Ahmad
- grid.411340.30000 0004 1937 0765Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
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15
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Reis J, Ramos A. In Sickness and in Health: The Oxygen Reactive Species and the Bone. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:745911. [PMID: 34888300 PMCID: PMC8650620 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.745911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a central role in physiological and pathological bone conditions. Its role in signalment and control of bone cell population differentiation, activity, and fate is increasingly recognized. The possibilities of its use and manipulation with therapeutic goals are virtually unending. However, how redox balance interplays with the response to mechanical stimuli is yet to be fully understood. The present work summarizes current knowledge on these aspects, in an integrative and broad introductory perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis
- Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Viana Do Castelo, Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - António Ramos
- TEMA, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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16
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Abstract
AbstractThe success of implant performance and arthroplasty is based on several factors, including oxidative stress-induced osteolysis. Oxidative stress is a key factor of the inflammatory response. Implant biomaterials can release wear particles which may elicit adverse reactions in patients, such as local inflammatory response leading to tissue damage, which eventually results in loosening of the implant. Wear debris undergo phagocytosis by macrophages, inducing a low-grade chronic inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In addition, ROS can also be directly produced by prosthetic biomaterial oxidation. Overall, ROS amplify the inflammatory response and stimulate both RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoblast apoptosis, resulting in bone resorption, leading to periprosthetic osteolysis. Therefore, a growing understanding of the mechanism of oxidative stress-induced periprosthetic osteolysis and anti-oxidant strategies of implant design as well as the addition of anti-oxidant agents will help to improve implants’ performances and therapeutic approaches.
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17
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Palmieri M, Almeida M, Nookaew I, Gomez‐Acevedo H, Joseph TE, Que X, Tsimikas S, Sun X, Manolagas SC, Witztum JL, Ambrogini E. Neutralization of oxidized phospholipids attenuates age-associated bone loss in mice. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13442. [PMID: 34278710 PMCID: PMC8373359 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) are pro‐inflammatory molecules that affect bone remodeling under physiological conditions. Transgenic expression of a single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) of the antigen‐binding domain of E06, an IgM natural antibody that recognizes the phosphocholine (PC) moiety of OxPLs, increases trabecular and cortical bone in adult male and female mice by increasing bone formation. OxPLs increase with age, while natural antibodies decrease. Age‐related bone loss is associated with increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and is characterized by a decline in osteoblast number and bone formation, raising the possibility that increased OxPLs, together with the decline of natural antibodies, contribute to age‐related bone loss. We show here that transgenic expression of E06‐scFv attenuated the age‐associated loss of spinal, femoral, and total bone mineral density in both female and male mice aged up to 22 and 24 months, respectively. E06‐scFv attenuated the age‐associated decline in trabecular bone, but not cortical bone, and this effect was associated with an increase in osteoblasts and a decrease in osteoclasts. Furthermore, RNA‐seq analysis showed that E06‐scFv increased Wnt10b expression in vertebral bone in aged mice, indicating that blocking OxPLs increases Wnt signaling. Unlike age‐related bone loss, E06‐scFv did not attenuate the bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency or unloading in adult mice. These results demonstrate that OxPLs contribute to age‐associated bone loss. Neutralization of OxPLs, therefore, is a promising therapeutic target for senile osteoporosis, as well as atherosclerosis and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), two other conditions shown to be attenuated by E06‐scFv in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Palmieri
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases and Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Little Rock AR USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases and Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Little Rock AR USA
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biomedical Informatics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Horacio Gomez‐Acevedo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Teenamol E. Joseph
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases and Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Little Rock AR USA
| | - Xuchu Que
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Stavros C. Manolagas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases and Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Little Rock AR USA
| | - Joseph L. Witztum
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Elena Ambrogini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases and Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Little Rock AR USA
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Watanabe K, Shibuya S, Ozawa Y, Toda T, Shimizu T. Pathological Relationship between Intracellular Superoxide Metabolism and p53 Signaling in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3548. [PMID: 33805584 PMCID: PMC8037821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular superoxide dismutases (SODs) maintain tissue homeostasis via superoxide metabolism. We previously reported that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide accumulation caused by cytoplasmic SOD (SOD1) or mitochondrial SOD (SOD2) insufficiency, induced p53 activation in cells. SOD1 loss also induced several age-related pathological changes associated with increased oxidative molecules in mice. To evaluate the contribution of p53 activation for SOD1 knockout (KO) (Sod1-/-) mice, we generated SOD1 and p53 KO (double-knockout (DKO)) mice. DKO fibroblasts showed increased cell viability with decreased apoptosis compared with Sod1-/- fibroblasts. In vivo experiments revealed that p53 insufficiency was not a great contributor to aging-like tissue changes but accelerated tumorigenesis in Sod1-/- mice. Furthermore, p53 loss failed to improve dilated cardiomyopathy or the survival in heart-specific SOD2 conditional KO mice. These data indicated that p53 regulated ROS-mediated apoptotic cell death and tumorigenesis but not ROS-mediated tissue degeneration in SOD-deficient models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Watanabe
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan; (K.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Shuichi Shibuya
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan; (K.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Yusuke Ozawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Chiba, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.T.)
| | - Toshihiko Toda
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Chiba, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.T.)
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan; (K.W.); (S.S.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Chiba, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.T.)
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Shibuya S, Watanabe K, Ozawa Y, Shimizu T. Xanthine Oxidoreductase-Mediated Superoxide Production Is Not Involved in the Age-Related Pathologies in Sod1-Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3542. [PMID: 33805516 PMCID: PMC8037342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism is regulated by the oxygen-mediated enzyme reaction and antioxidant mechanism within cells under physiological conditions. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) exhibits two inter-convertible forms (xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH)), depending on the substrates. XO uses oxygen as a substrate and generates superoxide (O2•-) in the catalytic pathway of hypoxanthine. We previously showed that superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) loss induced various aging-like pathologies via oxidative damage due to the accumulation of O2•- in mice. However, the pathological contribution of XO-derived O2•- production to aging-like tissue damage induced by SOD1 loss remains unclear. To investigate the pathological significance of O2•- derived from XOR in Sod1-/- mice, we generated Sod1-null and XO-type- or XDH-type-knock-in (KI) double-mutant mice. Neither XO-type- nor XDH-type KI mutants altered aging-like phenotypes, such as anemia, fatty liver, muscle atrophy, and bone loss, in Sod1-/- mice. Furthermore, allopurinol, an XO inhibitor, or apocynin, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) inhibitor, failed to improve aging-like tissue degeneration and ROS accumulation in Sod1-/- mice. These results showed that XOR-mediated O2•- production is relatively uninvolved in the age-related pathologies in Sod1-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Shibuya
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; (S.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; (S.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Yusuke Ozawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Geriatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; (S.S.); (K.W.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Geriatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
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20
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Morabito C, Guarnieri S, Cucina A, Bizzarri M, Mariggiò MA. Antioxidant Strategy to Prevent Simulated Microgravity-Induced Effects on Bone Osteoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103638. [PMID: 32455731 PMCID: PMC7279347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects induced by microgravity on human body functions have been widely described, in particular those on skeletal muscle and bone tissues. This study aims to implement information on the possible countermeasures necessary to neutralize the oxidative imbalance induced by microgravity on osteoblastic cells. Using the model of murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells, cellular morphology, proliferation, and metabolism were investigated during exposure to simulated microgravity on a random positioning machine in the absence or presence of an antioxidant—the 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox). Our results confirm that simulated microgravity-induced morphological and metabolic alterations characterized by increased levels of reactive oxygen species and a slowdown of the proliferative rate. Interestingly, the use of Trolox inhibited the simulated microgravity-induced effects. Indeed, the antioxidant-neutralizing oxidants preserved cell cytoskeletal architecture and restored cell proliferation rate and metabolism. The use of appropriate antioxidant countermeasures could prevent the modifications and damage induced by microgravity on osteoblastic cells and consequently on bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Morabito
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and clinical Sciences—Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 06100 Chieti, Italy; (C.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and clinical Sciences—Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 06100 Chieti, Italy; (C.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Alessandra Cucina
- Department of Surgery “Pietro Valdoni”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Systems Biology Group Lab, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria A. Mariggiò
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and clinical Sciences—Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 06100 Chieti, Italy; (C.M.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0871-541399
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Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of diabetes continues to increase, and proper understanding of the adverse effects on bone metabolism is important. This review attempts to discuss the pathophysiology of the effects of diabetes and diabetic medications on bone metabolism and bone health. In addition, this review will address the mechanisms resulting in increased fracture risk and delayed bone healing to better treat and manage diabetic patients in the orthopedic clinical setting.
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22
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Zhang Q, Nettleship I, Schmelzer E, Gerlach J, Zhang X, Wang J, Liu C. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Therapies for Cell Senescence in Bone and Cartilage. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:64-78. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian Nettleship
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eva Schmelzer
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jorg Gerlach
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
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23
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Perrone MA, Gualtieri P, Gratteri S, Ali W, Sergi D, Muscoli S, Cammarano A, Bernardini S, Di Renzo L, Romeo F. Effects of postprandial hydroxytyrosol and derivates on oxidation of LDL, cardiometabolic state and gene expression: a nutrigenomic approach for cardiovascular prevention. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2019; 20:419-426. [PMID: 31593559 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most frequent causes of death in the world. Inflammation and oxidative damage contribute significantly to the development of atherosclerosis and CVDs. European Food Safety Authority scientific opinion has acknowledged that hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol) and derivatives, contained in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), typically used in Mediterranean diet may play a crucial role in the reduction of the inflammatory pathway and in the prevention of CVDs. The aim of the study was to determine the effect in healthy volunteers of 25 g of phenols-rich EVOO (p-EVOO). METHODS The clinical study was a randomized, controlled trial to determine the acute effect in the postprandial time of 25 g of p-EVOO. We evaluated nutritional status using anthropometric parameters, body composition, serum metabolites, oxidative stress biomarkers and gene expression of eight genes related to oxidative stress and human inflammasome pathways, lasting 2 h after p-EVOO administration. Twenty-two participants resulted as eligible for the study. RESULTS A significant reduction of oxidized LDL, malondialdehyde, triglycerides and visceral adiposity index was highlighted (P < 0.05). Significant upregulation of catalase, superoxide dismutase 1 and upstream transcription factor 1 were observed (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The current study shows that intake of 25 g of p-EVOO has been able to be modulated, in the postprandial time, the antioxidant profile and the expression of inflammation and oxidative stress-related genes, as superoxide dismutase 1, upstream transcription factor 1 and catalase. We also observed a significant reduction of oxidized LDL, malondialdehyde, triglycerides and visceral adiposity index. We have demonstrated that a daily intake of phenols and antioxidants can reduce the inflammatory pathway and oxidative stress and therefore the risk of atherosclerosis and CVDs. More studies on a larger population are necessary before definitive conclusions can be drawn.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01890070.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Perrone
- Division of Cardiology.,Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology.,University Sports Centre
| | - Paola Gualtieri
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome
| | - Santo Gratteri
- Department of Surgery and Medical Science, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Germaneto, Italy
| | - Wahid Ali
- Department of Pathology, King George S. Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Andrea Cammarano
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology.,University Sports Centre
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome
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Wang Z, Tang J, Li Y, Wang Y, Guo Y, Tu Q, Chen J, Wang C. AdipoRon promotes diabetic fracture repair through endochondral ossification-based bone repair by enhancing survival and differentiation of chondrocytes. Exp Cell Res 2019; 387:111757. [PMID: 31838062 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic bone defects may exhibit impaired endochondral ossification (ECO) leading to delayed bone repair. AdipoRon, a receptor agonist of adiponectin polymers, can ameliorate diabetes and related complications, as well as overcome the disadvantages of the unstable structure of artificial adiponectin polymers. Here, the effects of AdipoRon on the survival and differentiation of chondrocytes in a diabetic environment were explored focusing on related mechanisms in gene and protein levels. In vivo, AdipoRon was applied to diet-induced-obesity (DIO) mice, a model of obesity and type 2 diabetes, with femoral fracture. Sequential histological evaluations and micro-CT were examined for further verification. We found that AdipoRon could ameliorate cell viability, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and promote mRNA expression of chondrogenic markers and cartilaginous matrix production of ATDC5 cells in high glucose medium via activating ERK1/2 pathway. Additionally, DIO mice with intragastric AdipoRon administration had more neocartilage and accelerated new bone formation. These data suggest that AdipoRon could stimulate bone regeneration via ECO in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jinxin Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yanyang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qisheng Tu
- Tufts School of Dental Medicine, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, 02111, USA
| | - Jake Chen
- Tufts School of Dental Medicine, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, 02111, USA.
| | - Chen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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25
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SOD1 deficiency alters gastrointestinal microbiota and metabolites in mice. Exp Gerontol 2019; 130:110795. [PMID: 31805337 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox imbalance induces oxidative damage and causes age-related pathologies. Mice lacking the antioxidant enzyme SOD1 (Sod1-/-) exhibit various aging-like phenotypes throughout the body and are used as aging model mice. Recent reports suggested that age-related changes in the intestinal environment are involved in various diseases. We investigated cecal microbiota profiles and gastrointestinal metabolites in wild-type (Sod1+/+) and Sod1-/- mice. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were dominant in Sod1+/+ mice, and most of the detected bacterial species belong to these two phyla. Meanwhile, the Sod1-/- mice had an altered Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes ratio compared to Sod1+/+ mice. Among the identified genera, Paraprevotella, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, and Bacteroides were significantly increased, but Lactobacillus was significantly decreased in Sod1-/- mice compared to Sod1+/+ mice. The correlation analyses between cecal microbiota and liver metabolites showed that Bacteroides and Prevotella spp. were grouped into the same cluster, and Paraprevotella and Ruminococcus spp. were also grouped as another cluster. These four genera showed a positive and a negative correlation with increased and decreased liver metabolites in Sod1-/- mice, respectively. In contrast, Lactobacillus spp. showed a negative correlation with increased liver metabolites and a positive correlation with decreased liver metabolites in Sod1-/- mice. These results suggest that the redox imbalance induced by Sod1 loss alters gastrointestinal microflora and metabolites.
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26
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Falfushynska HI, Horyn OI, Poznansky DV, Osadchuk DV, Savchyn TО, Krytskyi TІ, Merva LS, Hrabra SZ. Oxidative stress and thiols depletion impair tibia fracture healing in young men with type 2 diabetes. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj91.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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27
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Menale C, Robinson LJ, Palagano E, Rigoni R, Erreni M, Almarza AJ, Strina D, Mantero S, Lizier M, Forlino A, Besio R, Monari M, Vezzoni P, Cassani B, Blair HC, Villa A, Sobacchi C. Absence of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 3 Increases Oxidative Stress and Causes Bone Loss. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:2133-2148. [PMID: 31295380 PMCID: PMC7203631 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Controlling oxidative stress through the activation of antioxidant pathways is crucial in bone homeostasis, and impairments of the cellular defense systems involved contribute to the pathogenesis of common skeletal diseases. In this work we focused on the dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3), a poorly investigated ubiquitous zinc-dependent exopeptidase activating the Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. We showed Dpp3 expression in bone and, to understand its role in this compartment, we generated a Dpp3 knockout (KO) mouse model and specifically investigated the skeletal phenotype. Adult Dpp3 KO mice showed a mild growth defect, a significant increase in bone marrow cellularity, and bone loss mainly caused by increased osteoclast activity. Overall, in the mouse model, lack of DPP3 resulted in sustained oxidative stress and in alterations of bone microenvironment favoring the osteoclast compared to the osteoblast lineage. Accordingly, in vitro studies revealed that Dpp3 KO osteoclasts had an inherent increased resorptive activity and ROS production, which on the other hand made them prone to apoptosis. Moreover, absence of DPP3 augmented bone loss after estrogen withdrawal in female mice, further supporting its relevance in the framework of bone pathophysiology. Overall, we show a nonredundant role for DPP3 in the maintenance of bone homeostasis and propose that DPP3 might represent a possible new osteoimmunological player and a marker of human bone loss pathology. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Menale
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (CNR-IRGB), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Lisa J Robinson
- Department of Pathology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Eleonora Palagano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (CNR-IRGB), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Rosita Rigoni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (CNR-IRGB), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Marco Erreni
- Unit of Advanced Optical Microscopy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alejandro J Almarza
- Department of Oral Biology, Department of Bioengineering, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dario Strina
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (CNR-IRGB), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Mantero
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (CNR-IRGB), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Michela Lizier
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (CNR-IRGB), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Besio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Monari
- Clinical Investigation Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Paolo Vezzoni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (CNR-IRGB), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Barbara Cassani
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (CNR-IRGB), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Harry C Blair
- Veterans' Affairs Medical Center and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anna Villa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (CNR-IRGB), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Cristina Sobacchi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (CNR-IRGB), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rozzano, Italy
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Abstract
Poorly controlled diabetes with comorbid manifestations negatively affects outcomes in lower extremity trauma, increasing the risk of short-term and long-term complications. Management strategies of patients with diabetes that experience lower extremity trauma should also include perioperative management of hyperglycemia to reduce adverse and serious adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- George T Liu
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 1801 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75390-8883, USA; Foot and Ankle Service, Orthopaedic Surgery, Parkland Memorial Hospital, Level 1 Trauma Center, 5200 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
| | - Drew T Sanders
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 1801 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75390-8883, USA; Orthopaedic Trauma Service, Parkland Memorial Hospital, Level 1 Trauma Center, 5200 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Katherine M Raspovic
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 1801 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75390-8883, USA; Foot and Ankle Service, Orthopaedic Surgery, Parkland Memorial Hospital, Level 1 Trauma Center, 5200 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Dane K Wukich
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 1801 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75390-8883, USA; Foot and Ankle Service, Orthopaedic Surgery, Parkland Memorial Hospital, Level 1 Trauma Center, 5200 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
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29
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Zheng CX, Sui BD, Qiu XY, Hu CH, Jin Y. Mitochondrial Regulation of Stem Cells in Bone Homeostasis. Trends Mol Med 2019; 26:89-104. [PMID: 31126872 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as key contributors to the organismal homeostasis, in which mitochondrial regulation of stem cells is becoming increasingly important. Originated from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) lineage commitments and interactions, bone is a representative organ where the mitochondrial essentiality to stem cell function has most recently been discovered, underlying skeletal health, aging, and diseases. Furthermore, mitochondrial medications based on modulating stem cell specification are emerging to provide promising therapies to counteract bone aging and pathologies. Here we review the cutting-edge knowledge regarding mitochondrial regulation of stem cells in bone homeostasis, highlighting mechanistic insights as well as mitochondrial strategies for augmented bone healing and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xin-Yu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Cheng-Hu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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30
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Oxidative Stress as Cause, Consequence, or Biomarker of Altered Female Reproduction and Development in the Space Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123729. [PMID: 30477143 PMCID: PMC6320872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous terrestrial disease processes and associated with morbidity following spaceflight. Furthermore, oxidative stress has long been considered a causative agent in adverse reproductive outcomes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathogenesis of oxidative stress caused by cosmic radiation and microgravity, review the relationship between oxidative stress and reproductive outcomes in females, and explore what role spaceflight-induced oxidative damage may have on female reproductive and developmental outcomes.
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31
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Kim J, Toda T, Watanabe K, Shibuya S, Ozawa Y, Izuo N, Cho S, Seo DB, Yokote K, Shimizu T. Syringaresinol Reverses Age-Related Skin Atrophy by Suppressing FoxO3a-Mediated Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activation in Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase-Deficient Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:648-655. [PMID: 30798853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by accumulation of chronic and irreversible oxidative damage, chronic inflammation, and organ dysfunction. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) serves as a major enzyme for cellular superoxide radical metabolism and physiologically regulates cellular redox balance throughout the body. Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase-deficient (SOD1-/-) mice showed diverse phenotypes associated with enhanced oxidative damage in whole organs. Here, we found that oral treatment with syringaresinol (also known as lirioresinol B), which is the active component in the berries of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), attenuated the age-related changes in Sod1-/- skin. Interestingly, syringaresinol morphologically normalized skin atrophy in Sod1-/- mice and promoted fibroblast outgrowth from Sod1-/- skin in vitro. These protective effects were mediated by the suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 overproduction in Sod1-/- skin, but not by increased collagen expression. Syringaresinol also decreased the oxidative damage and the phosphorylation of FoxO3a protein, which was a transcriptional factor of matrix metalloproteinase-2, in Sod1-/- skin. These results strongly suggest that syringaresinol regulates the FoxO3-matrix metalloproteinase-2 axis in oxidative damaged skin and exhibits beneficial effects on age-related skin involution in Sod1-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juewon Kim
- Vital Beautie Research Division, Amorepacific R&D Center, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan; Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Toda
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shibuya
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ozawa
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naotaka Izuo
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Siyoung Cho
- Vital Beautie Research Division, Amorepacific R&D Center, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Dae Bang Seo
- Vital Beautie Research Division, Amorepacific R&D Center, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan; Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan.
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32
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Chen X, Yan J, He F, Zhong D, Yang H, Pei M, Luo ZP. Mechanical stretch induces antioxidant responses and osteogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells through activation of the AMPK-SIRT1 signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:187-201. [PMID: 30096433 PMCID: PMC6165675 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising cell sources for regenerative medicine. Growing evidence has indicated that mechanical stimuli are crucial for their lineage-specific differentiation. However, the effect of mechanical loading on redox balance and the intracellular antioxidant system in MSCs was unknown. In this study, human bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) were subjected to cyclic stretch at the magnitude of 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. Cell proliferation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of antioxidant enzymes, and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. RNA was extracted and subjected to DNA microarray analysis. Sirtinol and compound C were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved silent information regulator type 1 (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our results showed that mechanical stretch at appropriate magnitudes increased cell proliferation, up-regulated extracellular matrix organization, and down-regulated matrix disassembly. After 3 days of stretch, intracellular ROS in BM-MSCs were decreased but the levels of antioxidant enzymes, especially superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), were up-regulated. Osteogenesis was improved by 5% stretch rather than 10% stretch, as evidenced by increased matrix mineralization and osteogenic marker gene expression. The expression of SIRT1 and phosphorylation of AMPK were enhanced by mechanical stretch; however, inhibition of SIRT1 or AMPK abrogated the stretch-induced antioxidant effect on BM-MSCs and inhibited the stretch-mediated osteogenic differentiation. Our findings reveal that mechanical stretch induced antioxidant responses, attenuated intracellular ROS, and improved osteogenesis of BM-MSCs. The stretch-induced antioxidant effect was through activation of the AMPK-SIRT1 signaling pathway. Our findings demonstrated that appropriate mechanical stimulation can improve MSC antioxidant functions and benefit bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jinku Yan
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Fan He
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Dongyan Zhong
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Zong-Ping Luo
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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33
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Yang J, Zhang G, Dong D, Shang P. Effects of Iron Overload and Oxidative Damage on the Musculoskeletal System in the Space Environment: Data from Spaceflights and Ground-Based Simulation Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2608. [PMID: 30177626 PMCID: PMC6163331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The space environment chiefly includes microgravity and radiation, which seriously threatens the health of astronauts. Bone loss and muscle atrophy are the two most significant changes in mammals after long-term residency in space. In this review, we summarized current understanding of the effects of microgravity and radiation on the musculoskeletal system and discussed the corresponding mechanisms that are related to iron overload and oxidative damage. Furthermore, we enumerated some countermeasures that have a therapeutic potential for bone loss and muscle atrophy through using iron chelators and antioxidants. Future studies for better understanding the mechanism of iron and redox homeostasis imbalance induced by the space environment and developing the countermeasures against iron overload and oxidative damage consequently may facilitate human to travel more safely in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Gejing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Dandan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Peng Shang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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34
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Yang J, Meng X, Dong D, Xue Y, Chen X, Wang S, Shen Y, Zhang G, Shang P. Iron overload involved in the enhancement of unloading-induced bone loss by hypomagnetic field. Bone 2018; 114:235-245. [PMID: 29929042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
During deep-space exploration missions, astronauts will be exposed to abnormal space environments including microgravity and hypomagnetic field (HyMF) that is 10,000 times weaker than geomagnetic field (GMF). It is well known that microgravity in space can induce bone loss; however, it is ill-defined whether HyMF involved in this process. Herein, we aimed to investigate the combined effects of HyMF and microgravity on bone loss. A mouse model of hindlimb suspension (HLU) was adopted to simulate microgravity-induced bone loss, that was exposed to a hypomagnetic field of <300 nanotesla (nT) generated by a geomagnetic field-shielding chamber. Besides, a recent study showed that HLU induced bone loss was orchestrated by iron overload. Therefore, the changes of iron content in unloading-induced bone loss under HyMF condition were detected simultaneously. The results showed HyMF exacerbated the loss of bone mineral content (BMC), induced more detrimental effects on microstructure of cancellous bone but not cortical bone and yielded greater negative effects on biomechanical characteristics in mice femur under unloading status. Concomitantly, there was more iron accumulation in serum, liver, spleen and bone in the combined treatment group than in the separate unloading group or HyMF exposure group. These results showed that HyMF promoted additional bone loss in mice femur during mechanical unloading, and the potential mechanism may be involved in inducing iron overload of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xiaofeng Meng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dandan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yanru Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Shenghang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Ying Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Gejing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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Morikawa D, Nojiri H, Itoigawa Y, Ozawa Y, Kaneko K, Shimizu T. Antioxidant treatment with vitamin C attenuated rotator cuff degeneration caused by oxidative stress in Sod1-deficient mice. JSES OPEN ACCESS 2018; 2:91-96. [PMID: 30675573 PMCID: PMC6334861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jses.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Rotator cuff degeneration is 1 of several factors that lead to rotator cuff tears; however, the mechanism of this degeneration remains unclear. We previously reported that deficiency of an antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1), in mice induced degeneration in supraspinatus tendon entheses, a model that replicates human rotator cuff degeneration. In this study, we analyzed possible effects of vitamin C (VC), a major antioxidant, on the degenerative changes of supraspinatus entheses in Sod1−/− mice. Methods We administered VC or vehicle, distilled water, for 8 weeks to Sod1−/− and wild-type male mice beginning at 12 weeks of age (n = 5-8 per group). When mice were 20 weeks of age, we sectioned rotator cuff tissue samples and performed hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue staining for quantitative histologic evaluation. Results VC administration, compared with vehicle administration, attenuated the histologic changes, including a misaligned 4-layered structure, fragmented tidemark, and toluidine blue staining, in the supraspinatus entheses of Sod1−/− mice. In the quantitative histologic evaluation, all parameters were significantly decreased in Sod1−/− mice compared with wild-type mice, except for the number of nonchondrocytes. Conclusion We demonstrated that an antioxidant treatment, VC administration, attenuated the rotator cuff degeneration, similar to that observed in humans, that is caused by oxidative stress in Sod1−/− mice. VC effects included improvements in quantitative histologic parameters and other histologic changes. These results suggest that VC treatment can prevent oxidative stress–induced degeneration of the rotator cuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Morikawa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nojiri
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author: Hidetoshi Nojiri, MD, PhD, Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan. (H. Nojiri)
| | - Yoshiaki Itoigawa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ozawa
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kaneko
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Tahimic CGT, Globus RK. Redox Signaling and Its Impact on Skeletal and Vascular Responses to Spaceflight. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102153. [PMID: 29035346 PMCID: PMC5666834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight entails exposure to numerous environmental challenges with the potential to contribute to both musculoskeletal and vascular dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to describe current understanding of microgravity and radiation impacts on the mammalian skeleton and associated vasculature at the level of the whole organism. Recent experiments from spaceflight and ground-based models have provided fresh insights into how these environmental stresses influence mechanisms that are related to redox signaling, oxidative stress, and tissue dysfunction. Emerging mechanistic knowledge on cellular defenses to radiation and other environmental stressors, including microgravity, are useful for both screening and developing interventions against spaceflight-induced deficits in bone and vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice G T Tahimic
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
- KBRWyle, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
| | - Ruth K Globus
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
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The Impact of Oxidative Stress on the Bone System in Response to the Space Special Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102132. [PMID: 29023398 PMCID: PMC5666814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The space special environment mainly includes microgravity, radiation, vacuum and extreme temperature, which seriously threatens an astronaut’s health. Bone loss is one of the most significant alterations in mammalians after long-duration habitation in space. In this review, we summarize the crucial roles of major factors—namely radiation and microgravity—in space in oxidative stress generation in living organisms, and the inhibitory effect of oxidative stress on bone formation. We discussed the possible mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced skeletal involution, and listed some countermeasures that have therapeutic potentials for bone loss via oxidative stress antagonism. Future research for better understanding the oxidative stress caused by space environment and the development of countermeasures against oxidative damage accordingly may facilitate human beings to live more safely in space and explore deeper into the universe.
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Shibuya S, Sakaguchi I, Ito S, Kato E, Watanabe K, Izuo N, Shimizu T. Topical Application of Trisodium Ascorbyl 6-Palmitate 2-Phosphate Actively Supplies Ascorbate to Skin Cells in an Ascorbate Transporter-Independent Manner. Nutrients 2017. [PMID: 28640219 PMCID: PMC5537765 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) possesses multiple beneficial functions, such as regulating collagen biosynthesis and redox balance in the skin. AA derivatives have been developed to overcome this compound’s high fragility and to assist with AA supplementation to the skin. However, how AA derivatives are transferred into cells and converted to AA in the skin remains unclear. In the present study, we showed that AA treatment failed to increase the cellular AA level in the presence of AA transporter inhibitors, indicating an AA transporter-dependent action. In contrast, torisodium ascorbyl 6-palmitate 2-phosphate (APPS) treatment significantly enhanced the cellular AA level in skin cells despite the presence of inhibitors. In ex vivo experiments, APPS treatment also increased the AA content in a human epidermis model. Interestingly, APPS was readily metabolized and converted to AA in keratinocyte lysates via an intrinsic mechanism. Furthermore, APPS markedly repressed the intracellular superoxide generation and promoted viability associated with an enhanced AA level in Sod1-deficient skin cells. These findings indicate that APPS effectively restores the AA level and normalizes the redox balance in skin cells in an AA transporter-independent manner. Topical treatment of APPS is a beneficial strategy for supplying AA and improving the physiology of damaged skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Shibuya
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Ikuyo Sakaguchi
- Reserch & Development Division, Club Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Ikoma, Nara 630-0222, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Ito
- Reserch & Development Division, Club Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Ikoma, Nara 630-0222, Japan.
| | - Eiko Kato
- Functional Chemicals Division, Showa Denko K.K. Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8518, Japan.
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Naotaka Izuo
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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Gharibi B, Farzadi S, Ghuman M, Hughes FJ. Inhibition of Akt/mTOR attenuates age-related changes in mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells 2015; 32:2256-66. [PMID: 24659476 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The decline in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) self-renewal and function with aging contributes to diseases associated with impaired osteogenesis. MSC donor age in prolonged culture also limits the therapeutic potential of these cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Here, we demonstrate an intervention to preserve the immature state MSC and consequently maintain self-renewal and differentiation capacity during in vitro aging. We showed that blocking of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) prevents the development of an age-related phenotype and maintains MSC morphology of early passage cells with high clonogenic frequency and enhanced proliferative capacity. MSC cultured in the presence of inhibitors of Akt or mTOR also robustly maintain their osteogenic potential, that is otherwise lost during in vitro aging. We further report that these effects may be mediated by induction of expression of pluripotency genes Nanog and Oct-4 and by the reduction in the production of cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, loss of Akt/mTOR and ROS was accompanied with lower levels of DNA damage. These results provide an insight into mechanisms involved in MSC aging and suggest possible interventions to maintain quiescence and function of MSC prior to in vivo transplantation or as pharmacological agents in diseases associated with loss of MSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borzo Gharibi
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Institute, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that increases fracture risk, interferes with bone formation, and impairs fracture healing. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) both increase fracture risk and have several common features that affect the bone including hyperglycemia and increased advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and inflammation. These factors affect both osteoblasts and osteoclasts leading to increased osteoclasts and reduced numbers of osteoblasts and bone formation. In addition to fracture healing, T1DM and T2DM impair bone formation under conditions of perturbation such as bacteria-induced periodontal bone loss by increasing osteoblast apoptosis and reducing expression of factors that stimulate osteoblasts such as BMPs and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Jiao
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Kim YA, Kim KM, Lim S, Choi SH, Moon JH, Kim JH, Kim SW, Jang HC, Shin CS. Favorable effect of dietary vitamin C on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women (KNHANES IV, 2009): discrepancies regarding skeletal sites, age, and vitamin D status. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:2329-37. [PMID: 25906241 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dietary vitamin C intake showed significant positive associations with BMD in postmenopausal women, especially with vitamin D deficiency. INTRODUCTION Although there is a positive role of vitamin C in osteoblastogenesis, debate remains about the contribution of vitamin C to bone mineral density (BMD) in humans. METHODS Data were derived from the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary information was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall questionnaire. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar and hip. RESULTS A total of 1,196 postmenopausal women aged 50 years and older were stratified into tertiles by daily dietary vitamin C intake. After adjusting for traditional confounders, dietary vitamin C intake tertile was significantly positively associated with BMD at all sites (R = 0.513 for lumbar spine (LS) and R = 0.657 for femoral neck (FN), P < 0.05 for each). The subjects with osteoporosis had significantly lower dietary vitamin C intake than did subjects without osteoporosis (74.4 ± 66.2 vs 94.1 ± 78.6 mg/day for LS and 65.5 ± 56.6 vs 94.3 ± 79.2 mg/day for FN, respectively, P < 0.001). The multiple-adjusted odds ratio for osteoporosis for dietary vitamin C <100 mg/day was 1.790 (95 % CI 1.333-2.405, P < 0.001). However, the significant association between vitamin C intake and BMD was only observed in subjects with vitamin D deficiency and aged 50-59 years or >70 years. CONCLUSION Dietary vitamin C intake was positively associated with BMD in postmenopausal women, and inadequate vitamin C intake could increase the risk of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Resveratrol Derivative-Rich Melinjo Seed Extract Attenuates Skin Atrophy in Sod1-Deficient Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:391075. [PMID: 26180586 PMCID: PMC4477213 DOI: 10.1155/2015/391075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative damages induced by a redox imbalance cause age-related changes in cells and tissues. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes play a pivotal role in the antioxidant system and they also catalyze superoxide radicals. Since the loss of cytoplasmic SOD (SOD1) resulted in aging-like phenotypes in several types of murine tissue, SOD1 is essential for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon Linn) seed extract (MSE) contains trans-resveratrol (RSV) and resveratrol derivatives, including gnetin C, gnemonoside A, and gnemonoside D. MSE intake also exerts no adverse events in human study. In the present studies, we investigated protective effects of MSE on age-related skin pathologies in mice. Orally MSE and RSV treatment reversed the skin thinning associated with increased oxidative damage in the Sod1−/− mice. Furthermore, MSE and RSV normalized gene expression of Col1a1 and p53 and upregulated gene expression of Sirt1 in skin tissues. In vitro experiments revealed that RSV significantly promoted the viability of Sod1−/− fibroblasts. These finding demonstrated that RSV in MSE stably suppressed an intrinsic superoxide generation in vivo and in vitro leading to protecting skin damages. RSV derivative-rich MSE may be a powerful food of treatment for age-related skin diseases caused by oxidative damages.
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Kang J, Boonanantanasarn K, Baek K, Woo KM, Ryoo HM, Baek JH, Kim GS. Hyperglycemia increases the expression levels of sclerostin in a reactive oxygen species- and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent manner. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2015; 45:101-10. [PMID: 26131370 PMCID: PMC4485060 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2015.45.3.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Kang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kanitsak Boonanantanasarn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kyunghwa Baek
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Woo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Ryoo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Baek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwan-Shik Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Kobayashi K, Nojiri H, Saita Y, Morikawa D, Ozawa Y, Watanabe K, Koike M, Asou Y, Shirasawa T, Yokote K, Kaneko K, Shimizu T. Mitochondrial superoxide in osteocytes perturbs canalicular networks in the setting of age-related osteoporosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9148. [PMID: 25779629 PMCID: PMC5376208 DOI: 10.1038/srep09148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes are major bone cells that play a crucial role in maintaining the quality of and healing damage to bone tissue. The number of living osteocytes and canalicular networks declines in an age-dependent manner. However, the pathological effects of mitochondrial redox imbalances on osteocytes and bone metabolism have not been fully elucidated. We generated mice lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2) in osteocytes. Like an aged bone, Sod2 depletion in the osteocytes positively enhanced the production of cellular superoxide in vivo. A bone morphological analysis demonstrated that the Sod2-deficient femurs showed remarkable bone loss in an age-dependent manner. Interestingly, Sod2 loss induced markedly disorganized osteocytic canalicular networks and decreased the number of live osteocytes. Furthermore, Sod2 deficiency significantly suppressed bone formation and increased bone resorption concomitant with the upregulation of sclerostin and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). In vitro experiments also revealed that treatment with paraquat, a superoxide inducer in mitochondria, promoted the RANKL expression via, in part, ERK phosphorylation. These findings demonstrate that the mitochondrial superoxide induced in osteocytes by Sod2 ablation causes age-related bone loss due to the impairment of canalicular networks and bone metabolism via the deregulation of the sclerostin and RANKL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Kobayashi
- 1] Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan [2] Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nojiri
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Saita
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Morikawa
- 1] Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan [2] Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ozawa
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- 1] Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan [2] Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Asou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Shirasawa
- Department of Aging Control Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kaneko
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Zhu K, Yi J, Xiao Y, Lai Y, Song P, Zheng W, Jiao H, Fan J, Wu C, Chen D, Zhou J, Xiao G. Impaired bone homeostasis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice with muscle atrophy. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8081-94. [PMID: 25648889 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.603985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an intimate relationship between muscle and bone throughout life. However, how alterations in muscle functions in disease impact bone homeostasis is poorly understood. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive muscle atrophy. In this study we analyzed the effects of ALS on bone using the well established G93A transgenic mouse model, which harbors an ALS-causing mutation in the gene encoding superoxide dismutase 1. We found that 4-month-old G93A mice with severe muscle atrophy had dramatically reduced trabecular and cortical bone mass compared with their sex-matched wild type (WT) control littermates. Mechanically, we found that multiple osteoblast properties, such as the formation of osteoprogenitors, activation of Akt and Erk1/2 pathways, and osteoblast differentiation capacity, were severely impaired in primary cultures and bones from G93A relative to WT mice; this could contribute to reduced bone formation in the mutant mice. Conversely, osteoclast formation and bone resorption were strikingly enhanced in primary bone marrow cultures and bones of G93A mice compared with WT mice. Furthermore, sclerostin and RANKL expression in osteocytes embedded in the bone matrix were greatly up-regulated, and β-catenin was down-regulated in osteoblasts from G93A mice when compared with those of WT mice. Interestingly, calvarial bone that does not load and long bones from 2-month-old G93A mice without muscle atrophy displayed no detectable changes in parameters for osteoblast and osteoclast functions. Thus, for the first time to our knowledge, we have demonstrated that ALS causes abnormal bone remodeling and defined the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and
| | - Jianxun Yi
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Yajuan Xiao
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Yumei Lai
- From the Department of Biochemistry and
| | | | - Wei Zheng
- From the Department of Biochemistry and
| | | | | | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, and
| | - Di Chen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and
| | - Jingsong Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biology and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Pate KM, Sherk VD, Carpenter RD, Weaver M, Crapo S, Gally F, Chatham LS, Goldstrohm DA, Crapo JD, Kohrt WM, Bowler RP, Oberley-Deegan RE, Regan EA. The beneficial effects of exercise on cartilage are lost in mice with reduced levels of ECSOD in tissues. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:760-7. [PMID: 25593283 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00112.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with increased mechanical damage to joint cartilage. We have previously found that extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD) is decreased in OA joint fluid and cartilage, suggesting oxidant damage may play a role in OA. We explored the effect of forced running as a surrogate for mechanical damage in a transgenic mouse with reduced ECSOD tissue binding. Transgenic mice heterozygous (Het) for the human ECSOD R213G polymorphism and 129-SvEv (wild-type, WT) mice were exposed to forced running on a treadmill for 45 min/day, 5 days/wk, over 8 wk. At the end of the running protocol, knee joint tissue was obtained for histology, immunohistochemistry, and protein analysis. Sedentary Het and WT mice were maintained for comparison. Whole tibias were studied for bone morphometry, finite element analysis, and mechanical testing. Forced running improved joint histology in WT mice. However, when ECSOD levels were reduced, this beneficial effect with running was lost. Het ECSOD runner mice had significantly worse histology scores compared with WT runner mice. Runner mice for both strains had increased bone strength in response to the running protocol, while Het mice showed evidence of a less robust bone structure in both runners and untrained mice. Reduced levels of ECSOD in cartilage produced joint damage when joints were stressed by forced running. The bone tissues responded to increased loading with hypertrophy, regardless of mouse strain. We conclude that ECSOD plays an important role in protecting cartilage from damage caused by mechanical loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Pate
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado;
| | - Vanessa D Sherk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - R Dana Carpenter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Michael Weaver
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Silvia Crapo
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Fabienne Gally
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Lillian S Chatham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; and
| | | | - James D Crapo
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Russell P Bowler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Health Sciences Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Schröder K. NADPH oxidases in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:25-38. [PMID: 25167924 PMCID: PMC11114015 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone formation and degradation are perfectly coordinated. In case of an imbalance of these processes diseases occur associated with exaggerated formation of new bone or bone loss as in osteoporosis. Most studies investigating osteoporosis either focus on osteoblast or osteoclast function and differentiation. Both processes have been suggested to be affected by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Besides a potentially harmful role of ROS, these small molecules are important second messengers. The family of NADPH oxidases produces ROS in a controlled and targeted manner, to specifically regulate signal transduction. This review will highlight the role of reactive oxygen species in bone cell differentiation and bone-loss associated disease with a special focus on osteoporosis and NADPH oxidases as specialized sources of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schröder
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany,
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48
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Palladium and platinum nanoparticles attenuate aging-like skin atrophy via antioxidant activity in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109288. [PMID: 25333617 PMCID: PMC4198089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (Sod1) loss causes a redox imbalance as it leads to excess superoxide generation, which results in the appearance of various aging-related phenotypes, including skin atrophy. Noble metal nanoparticles, such as palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles, are considered to function as antioxidants due to their strong catalytic activity. In Japan, a mixture of Pd and Pt nanoparticles called PAPLAL has been used to treat chronic diseases over the past 60 years. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of PAPLAL against aging-related skin pathologies in mice. Transdermal PAPLAL treatment reversed skin thinning associated with increased lipid peroxidation in Sod1−/− mice. Furthermore, PAPLAL normalized the gene expression levels of Col1a1, Mmp2, Has2, Tnf-α, Il-6, and p53 in the skin of the Sod1−/− mice. Pt nanoparticles exhibited marked SOD and catalase activity, while Pd nanoparticles only displayed weak SOD and catalase activity in vitro. Although the SOD and catalase activity of the Pt nanoparticles significantly declined after they had been oxidized in air, a mixture of Pd and Pt nanoparticles continued to exhibit SOD and catalase activity after oxidation. Importantly, a mixture of Pd and Pt nanoparticles with a molar ratio of 3 or 4 to 1 continued to exhibit SOD and catalase activity after oxidation, indicating that Pd nanoparticles prevent the oxidative deterioration of Pt nanoparticles. These findings indicate that PAPLAL stably suppresses intrinsic superoxide generation both in vivo and in vitro via SOD and catalase activity. PAPLAL is a potentially powerful tool for the treatment of aging-related skin diseases caused by oxidative damage.
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Jebahi S, Saleh GB, Saoudi M, Besaleh S, Oudadesse H, Mhadbi M, Rebai T, Keskes H, Feki AE. Genotoxicity effect, antioxidant and biomechanical correlation: Experimental study of agarose–chitosan bone graft substitute in New Zealand white rabbit model. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2014; 228:800-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0954411914547247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone loss associated with skeletal trauma or metabolic diseases often requires bone grafting. In such situations, a biomaterial is necessary for migrated cells to produce new tissue. In this study, agarose–chitosan was implanted in the femoral condyle of New Zealand White rabbits that were divided into three groups: Group I was used as control; Groups II and III were used as implanted tissue with agarose–chitosan and presenting empty defects, respectively. This study evaluated the agarose–chitosan biocompatibility by determining the in vivo genotoxicity, oxidative stress balance that correlated with the hardness mechanical property. Moreover, the histopathological and quantitative elements analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry were determined. After 30 days of implantation, the in vivo analysis of genotoxicity showed that agarose–chitosan did not induce chromosome aberration or micronucleus damage. A significant decrease in thiobarbituric and acid-reactive substance was observed after agarose–chitosan implantation in the bone tissue. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly enhanced in agarose–chitosan–treated group compared with that of control group. A negative correlation coefficient of the mechanical property with malonyldialdehyde level was detected (R = −0.998). The histological study exhibited a significantly increased angiogenesis and newly formed tissue. No presence of inflammatory process, necrotic or fibrous tissue was detected. Major and trace elements such as Ca, P, Zn, Mg and Fe were increased significantly in the newly formed bone. These findings show that agarose–chitosan biomaterial implantation might be effective for treating trauma and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Jebahi
- UMR CNRS 6226, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Histology, Orthopaedic and Traumatology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ghada Ben Saleh
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mongi Saoudi
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Salma Besaleh
- Histology, Orthopaedic and Traumatology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Moufida Mhadbi
- Histology, Orthopaedic and Traumatology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tarek Rebai
- Histology, Orthopaedic and Traumatology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hassib Keskes
- Histology, Orthopaedic and Traumatology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Watanabe K, Shibuya S, Ozawa Y, Nojiri H, Izuo N, Yokote K, Shimizu T. Superoxide dismutase 1 loss disturbs intracellular redox signaling, resulting in global age-related pathological changes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:140165. [PMID: 25276767 PMCID: PMC4170698 DOI: 10.1155/2014/140165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by increased oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and organ dysfunction, which occur in a progressive and irreversible manner. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) serves as a major antioxidant and neutralizes superoxide radicals throughout the body. In vivo studies have demonstrated that copper/zinc superoxide dismutase-deficient (Sod1(-/-)) mice show various aging-like pathologies, accompanied by augmentation of oxidative damage in organs. We found that antioxidant treatment significantly attenuated the age-related tissue changes and oxidative damage-associated p53 upregulation in Sod1(-/-) mice. This review will focus on various age-related pathologies caused by the loss of Sod1 and will discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis in Sod1(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shibuya
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ozawa
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nojiri
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naotaka Izuo
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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