1
|
Marco M, Jansen M, van der Weiden G, Reich E, Maatuf YH, Mastbergen SC, Dvir-Ginzberg M. Two-year post-distraction cartilage-related structural improvement is accompanied by increased serum full-length SIRT1. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:106. [PMID: 38790038 PMCID: PMC11127335 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, fragments from Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) were identified in preclinical and clinical samples to display an increase in serum levels for N-terminal (NT) SIRT1 vs. C-terminal (CT) SIRT1, indicative of early signs of OA. Here we tested NT/CT SIRT1 levels as well as a novel formulated sandwich assay to simultaneously detect both domains of SIRT1 in a manner that may inform us about the levels of full-length SIRT1 in the circulation (flSIRT1) of clinical cohorts undergoing knee joint distraction (KJD). METHODS We employed an indirect ELISA assay to test NT- and CT-SIRT1 levels and calculated their ratio. Further, to test flSIRT1 we utilized novel antibodies (Ab), which were validated for site specificity and used in a sandwich ELISA method, wherein the CT-reactive served as capture Ab, and its NT-reactive served as primary detection Ab. This method was employed in human serum samples derived from a two-year longitudinal study of KJD patients. Two-year clinical and structural outcomes were correlated with serum levels of flSIRT1 compared to baseline. RESULTS Assessing the cohort, exhibited a significant increase of NT/CT SIRT1 serum levels with increased osteophytes and PIIANP/CTX-II at baseline, while a contradictory increase in NT/CT SIRT1 was associated with less denuded bone, post-KJD. On the other hand, flSIRT1 exhibited an upward trend in serum level, accompanied by reduced denuded bone for 2-year adjusted values. Moreover, 2 year-adjusted flSIRT1 levels displayed a steeper linear regression for cartilage and bone-related structural improvement than those observed for NT/CT SIRT1. CONCLUSIONS Our data support that increased flSIRT1 serum levels are a potential molecular endotype for cartilage-related structural improvement post-KJD, while NT/CT SIRT1 appears to correlate with osteophyte and PIIANP/CTX-II reduction at baseline, to potentially indicate baseline OA severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miya Marco
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology, Institute of Bio-Medical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P. O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Mylène Jansen
- Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Goran van der Weiden
- Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eli Reich
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology, Institute of Bio-Medical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P. O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Yonathan H Maatuf
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology, Institute of Bio-Medical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P. O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Simon C Mastbergen
- Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mona Dvir-Ginzberg
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology, Institute of Bio-Medical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P. O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liao Z, Cai X, Zheng Y, Lin J, Yang X, Lin W, Zhang Y, He X, Liu C. Sirtuin 1 in osteoarthritis: Perspectives on regulating glucose metabolism. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107141. [PMID: 38490314 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterised by articular cartilage destruction, and its complex aetiology contributes to suboptimal clinical treatment outcomes. A close association exists between glucose metabolism dysregulation and OA pathogenesis. Owing to the unique environment of low oxygen and glucose concentrations, chondrocytes rely heavily on their glycolytic capacity, exhibiting distinct spatiotemporal differences. However, under pathological stimulation, chondrocytes undergo excessive glycolytic activity while mitochondrial respiration and other branches of glucose metabolism are compromised. This metabolic change induces cartilage degeneration by reprogramming the inflammatory responses. Sirtuins, a highly conserved family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases, regulate glucose metabolism in response to energy fluctuations in different cellular compartments,alleviating metabolic stress. SIRT1, the most extensively studied sirtuin, participates in maintaining glucose homeostasis in almost all key metabolic tissues. While actively contributing to the OA progression and displaying diverse biological effects in cartilage protection, SIRT1's role in regulating glucose metabolism in chondrocytes has not received sufficient attention. This review focuses on discussing the beneficial role of SIRT1 in OA progression from a metabolic regulation perspective based on elucidating the primary characteristics of chondrocyte glucose metabolism. We also summarise the potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategies targeting SIRT1 in chondrocytes to guide clinical practice and explore novel therapeutic directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Liao
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xuepei Cai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jiayu Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Weiyin Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chufeng Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lafont JE, Moustaghfir S, Durand AL, Mallein-Gerin F. The epigenetic players and the chromatin marks involved in the articular cartilage during osteoarthritis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1070241. [PMID: 36733912 PMCID: PMC9887161 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1070241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics defines the modifications of the genome that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. These modifications constitute a mechanism of gene regulation poorly explored in the context of cartilage physiology. They are now intensively studied by the scientific community working on articular cartilage and its related pathology such as osteoarthritis. Indeed, epigenetic regulations can control the expression of crucial gene in the chondrocytes, the only resident cells of cartilage. Some epigenetic changes are considered as a possible cause of the abnormal gene expression and the subsequent alteration of the chondrocyte phenotype (hypertrophy, proliferation, senescence…) as observed in osteoarthritic cartilage. Osteoarthritis is a joint pathology, which results in impaired extracellular matrix homeostasis and leads ultimately to the progressive destruction of cartilage. To date, there is no pharmacological treatment and the exact causes have yet to be defined. Given that the epigenetic modifying enzymes can be controlled by pharmacological inhibitors, it is thus crucial to describe the epigenetic marks that enable the normal expression of extracellular matrix encoding genes, and those associated with the abnormal gene expression such as degradative enzyme or inflammatory cytokines encoding genes. In this review, only the DNA methylation and histone modifications will be detailed with regard to normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. Although frequently referred as epigenetic mechanisms, the regulatory mechanisms involving microRNAs will not be discussed. Altogether, this review will show how this nascent field influences our understanding of the pathogenesis of OA in terms of diagnosis and how controlling the epigenetic marks can help defining epigenetic therapies.
Collapse
|
4
|
Carmon I, Kalmus S, Zobrab A, Alterman M, Emram R, Gussarsky M, Kandel L, Reich E, Casap N, Dvir-Ginzberg M. Repairing a critical cranial defect using WISP1-pretreated chondrocyte scaffolds. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231159740. [PMID: 36949842 PMCID: PMC10026108 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231159740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In cranial flat bone fractures, spontaneous bone repair will occur only when the fracture ends are in close contact. However, in cases wherein bone discontinuity is extensive, surgical interventions are often required. To this end, autologous bone is harvested and surgically integrated into the site of fracture. Here we propose to use cartilage, as an alternative autologous source, to promote cranial fracture repair. The advantage of this approach is the potential reduction in donor site morbidity, likely due to the avascular and aneural nature of cartilage. As a first step we attempted to induce cartilage mineralization in vitro, using micromass primary chondrocyte cultures, incubated with BMP2 and/or WISP1, which were examined histologically following a 3-week culture period. Next, chondrocyte seeded collagen scaffolds were evaluated in vitro for expression profiles and ALP activity. Finally, chondrocyte-seeded collagen scaffolds were implanted in a Lewis rats 8 mm critical calvaria defect model, which was imaged via live CT for 12 weeks until sacrifice. End points were analyzed for microCT, histology, and serum levels of bone related markers. Micromass cultures exhibited an osseous inducing trend following WISP1 administration, which was maintained in chondrocyte seeded scaffolds. Accordingly, in vivo analysis was carried out to assess the impact of WISP1-pretreated chondrocytes (WCS) versus untreated chondrocytes (UCS) in calvaria defect model and compared to untreated control comprised of a defect-associated blood clot (BC) or empty collagen scaffold (CS) implant. Live CT and microCT exhibited higher mineralization volumes in critical defect implanted with UCS, with some structural improvements in WCS. Histological analysis exhibited higher anabolic bone formation in WCS and trabecular bone was detected in WCS and UCS groups. Chondrocytes implanted into critical cranial defect expedite the formation of native-like osseous tissue, especially after WISP1 priming in culture. Ultimately, these data support the use of autologous chondrocytes to repair critical maxillofacial defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idan Carmon
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology,
Institute of Bio-Medical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shira Kalmus
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology,
Institute of Bio-Medical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anna Zobrab
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology,
Institute of Bio-Medical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Alterman
- Deptatement. of Maxillofacial Surgery,
Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raphaelle Emram
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology,
Institute of Bio-Medical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - May Gussarsky
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology,
Institute of Bio-Medical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Leonid Kandel
- Orthopedic Research Unit,
Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Reich
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology,
Institute of Bio-Medical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nardi Casap
- Deptatement. of Maxillofacial Surgery,
Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mona Dvir-Ginzberg
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology,
Institute of Bio-Medical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Mona Dvir-Ginzberg, Laboratory of Cartilage
Biology, Institute of Bio-Medical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine,
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P. O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carmon I, Zecharyahu L, Elayyan J, Meka SRK, Reich E, Kandel L, Bilkei-Gorzo A, Zimmer A, Mechoulam R, Kravchenko-Balasha N, Dvir-Ginzberg M. HU308 Mitigates Osteoarthritis by Stimulating Sox9-Related Networks of Carbohydrate Metabolism. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:154-170. [PMID: 36350089 PMCID: PMC10098743 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive, irreversible erosion of articular cartilage accompanied by severe pain and immobility. This study aimed to assess the effect and mechanism of action of HU308, a selective cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) agonist, in preventing OA-related joint damage. To test the assumption that HU308 could prevent OA-related joint damage, Cnr2 null mice and wild type (WT) mice were aged to reach 20 months and analyzed for joint structural features. OA was induced in WT mice via a post-traumatic procedure or aging, followed by HU308 local (intra-articular) or systemic (intraperitoneal) administration, respectively. Additional analyses of time and dose courses for HU308 were carried out in human primary chondrocytes, analyzed by RNA sequencing, RT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting. Our results showed that Cnr2 null mice exhibited enhanced age-related OA severity and synovitis compared to age-matched WT mice. Systemic administration of HU308 to 16-month-old mice improved pain sensitivity and maintained joint integrity, which was consistent with the intra-articular administration of HU308 in post-traumatic OA mice. When assessing human chondrocytes treated with HU308, we uncovered a dose- and time-related increase in ACAN and COL2A1 expression, which was preceded by increased SOX9 expression due to pCREB transcriptional activity. Finally, transcriptomic analysis of patient-derived human chondrocytes identified patient subpopulations exhibiting HU308-responsive trends as judged by enhanced SOX9 expression, accompanied by enriched gene networks related to carbohydrate metabolism. Collectively, the results showed that HU308 reduced trauma and age-induced OA via CB2-pCREB dependent activation of SOX9, contributing to augmented gene networks related to carbohydrate metabolism. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idan Carmon
- Multidisciplinary Center for Cannabinoid Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of BioMedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lital Zecharyahu
- Institute of BioMedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jinan Elayyan
- Institute of BioMedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sai R K Meka
- Multidisciplinary Center for Cannabinoid Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of BioMedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Reich
- Institute of BioMedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Leonid Kandel
- Orthopedic Complex. Hebrew University- Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Multidisciplinary Center for Cannabinoid Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nataly Kravchenko-Balasha
- Institute of BioMedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mona Dvir-Ginzberg
- Multidisciplinary Center for Cannabinoid Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of BioMedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Heywood HK, Thorpe SD, Jeropoulos RM, Caton PW, Lee DA. Modulation of sirtuins during monolayer chondrocyte culture influences cartilage regeneration upon transfer to a 3D culture environment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:971932. [PMID: 36561039 PMCID: PMC9763269 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.971932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the role of sirtuins in the regenerative potential of articular chondrocytes. Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) play a key role in regulating cartilage homeostasis. By inhibiting pro-inflammatory pathways responsible for cartilage degradation and promoting the expression of key matrix components, sirtuins have the potential to drive a favourable balance between anabolic and catabolic processes critical to regenerative medicine. When subjected to osmolarity and glucose concentrations representative of the in vivo niche, freshly isolated bovine chondrocytes exhibited increases in SIRT1 but not SIRT3 gene expression. Replicating methods adopted for the in vitro monolayer expansion of chondrocytes for cartilage regenerative therapies, we found that SIRT1 gene expression declined during expansion. Manipulation of sirtuin activity during in vitro expansion by supplementation with the SIRT1-specific activator SRT1720, nicotinamide mononucleotide, or the pan-sirtuin inhibitor nicotinamide, significantly influenced cartilage regeneration in subsequent 3D culture. Tissue mass, cellularity and extracellular matrix content were reduced in response to sirtuin inhibition during expansion, whilst sirtuin activation enhanced these measures of cartilage tissue regeneration. Modulation of sirtuin activity during monolayer expansion influenced H3K27me3, a heterochromatin mark with an important role in development and differentiation. Unexpectedly, treatment of primary chondrocytes with sirtuin activators in 3D culture reduced their matrix synthesis. Thus, modulating sirtuin activity during the in vitro monolayer expansion phase may represent a distinct opportunity to enhance the outcome of cartilage regenerative medicine techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K. Heywood
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D. Thorpe
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,UCD School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Renos M. Jeropoulos
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W. Caton
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Lee
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: David A. Lee,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lef1 ablation alleviates cartilage mineralization following posttraumatic osteoarthritis induction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116855119. [PMID: 35594394 PMCID: PMC9173807 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116855119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage mineralization is imperative in various processes such as skeletal growth and fracture repair. However, this process may also be pathological, as in the case of the degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA). Using a posttraumatic OA model (PTOA), we find that cartilage-specific Sirt1 genetic nulls caused severe synovitis and mineralization of the lateral joint compartment, due to augmented Lef1 gene expression. Conversely, cartilage-specific Lef1 nulls exhibited impaired synovitis and mineralization of the lateral joint, accompanied by a reduction of local pain. Consistently, transcriptomic profiles of Lef1-ablated chondrocytes exhibited enhanced anabolism, yet impaired pathways related to calcification and inflammation. Accordingly, cartilage mineralization of the lateral joint compartment relies on amplified inflammatory pathways, contributing to articular damage following PTOA. Cartilage mineralization is a tightly controlled process, imperative for skeletal growth and fracture repair. However, in osteoarthritis (OA), cartilage mineralization may impact the joint range of motion, inflict pain, and increase chances for joint effusion. Here we attempt to understand the link between inflammation and cartilage mineralization by targeting Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1), both reported to have contrasting effects on cartilage. We find that inflammatory-dependent cleavage of SIRT1 or its cartilage-specific genetic ablation, directly enhanced LEF1 expression accompanied by a catabolic response. Applying a posttraumatic OA (PTOA) model to cartilage-specific Sirt1 nulls displayed severe OA, which was accompanied by synovitis, meniscal mineralization, and osteophyte formation of the lateral joint compartment. Alternatively, cartilage-specific Lef1 nulls presented reduced lateral mineralization, OA severity, and local pain. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that Lef1 ablation reduced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and Toll-like receptor (Tlr) pathways, while enhancing SRY-Box transcription factor 9 (Sox9) and cartilaginous extracellular matrix genes. The results support a link between inflammation and Lef1-dependent cartilage mineralization, mediated by the inactivation of Sirt1. By ablating Lef1 in a PTOA model, the structural and pain-related phenotypes of OA were reduced, in part, by preventing cartilage mineralization of the lateral joint compartment, partially manifested by meniscal tissue mineralization. Overall, these data provide a molecular axis to link between inflammation and cartilage in a PTOA model.
Collapse
|
8
|
Smith CA, Humphreys PA, Bates N, Naven MA, Cain SA, Dvir‐Ginzberg M, Kimber SJ. SIRT1 activity orchestrates ECM expression during hESC-chondrogenic differentiation. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22314. [PMID: 35416346 PMCID: PMC9322318 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200169r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modification is a key driver of differentiation, and the deacetylase Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is an established regulator of cell function, ageing, and articular cartilage homeostasis. Here we investigate the role of SIRT1 during development of chondrocytes by using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). HESC-chondroprogenitors were treated with SIRT1 activator; SRT1720, or inhibitor; EX527, during differentiation. Activation of SIRT1 early in 3D-pellet culture led to significant increases in the expression of ECM genes for type-II collagen (COL2A1) and aggrecan (ACAN), and chondrogenic transcription factors SOX5 and ARID5B, with SOX5 ChIP analysis demonstrating enrichment on the chondrocyte specific -10 (A1) enhancer of ACAN. Unexpectedly, when SIRT1 was activated, while ACAN was enhanced, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were reduced, paralleled by down regulation of gene expression for N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase type 1 (GALNT1) responsible for GAG chain initiation/elongation. A positive correlation between ARID5B and COL2A1 was observed, and co-IP assays indicated association of ARID5B with SIRT1, further suggesting that COL2A1 expression is promoted by an ARID5B-SIRT1 interaction. In conclusion, SIRT1 activation positively impacts on the expression of the main ECM proteins, while altering ECM composition and suppressing GAG content during human cartilage development. These results suggest that SIRT1 activity has a differential effect on GAGs and proteins in developing hESC-chondrocytes and could only be beneficial to cartilage development and matrix protein synthesis if balanced by addition of positive GAG mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Smith
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Paul A. Humphreys
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Nicola Bates
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Mark A. Naven
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Stuart A. Cain
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Mona Dvir‐Ginzberg
- Laboratory of Cartilage BiologyFaculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Susan J. Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li M, Ning J, Wang J, Yan Q, Zhao K, Jia X. SETD7 regulates chondrocyte differentiation and glycolysis via the Hippo signaling pathway and HIF‑1α. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:210. [PMID: 34617577 PMCID: PMC8510680 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes are well adapted to hypoxia and produce more functional extracellular matrix in low oxygen environments in vitro. In our previous study, methyltransferase SET domain containing (SETD)7 regulated chondrocyte activity in hypoxic conditions. However, the precise association between SETD7 and chondrocyte differentiation under low oxygen partial pressure remains unclear. The association between SETD7 and chondrocyte differentiation was studied by silencing SETD7 in chondrocytes in vitro. The results showed that the silencing of SETD7 in ATDC5 cells inhibited the Hippo signaling pathway, decreased Yes-associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation and increased the levels of YAP and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the nucleus. YAP combined with HIF-1α to form a complex that promoted the expression of genes involved in chondrogenic differentiation and the glycolytic pathway. Thus, SETD7 inhibited chondrocyte differentiation and glycolysis via the Hippo signaling pathway. The present study demonstrated that SETD7 was a potential molecular target that maintained the chondrocyte phenotype during cartilage tissue engineering and cartilage-associated disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maoquan Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Jinqiu Ning
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510140, P.R. China
| | - Qiqian Yan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshi Jia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yamamoto T, Miyaji N, Kataoka K, Nishida K, Nagai K, Kanzaki N, Hoshino Y, Kuroda R, Matsushita T. Knee Osteoarthritis Progression Is Delayed in Silent Information Regulator 2 Ortholog 1 Knock-in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910685. [PMID: 34639026 PMCID: PMC8508837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of silent information regulator 2 ortholog 1 (SIRT1) is associated with beneficial roles in aging-related diseases; however, the effects of SIRT1 overexpression on osteoarthritis (OA) progression have not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate OA progression in SIRT1-KI mice using a mouse OA model. OA was induced via destabilization of the medial meniscus using 12-week-old SIRT1-KI and wild type (control) mice. OA progression was evaluated histologically based on the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after surgery. The production of SIRT1, type II collagen, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, cleaved caspase 3, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) p85, acetylated NF-κB p65, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-6 was examined via immunostaining. The OARSI scores were significantly lower in SIRT1-KI mice than those in control mice at 8, 12, and 16 weeks after surgery. The proportion of SIRT1 and type II collagen-positive-chondrocytes was significantly higher in SIRT1-KI mice than that in control mice. Moreover, the proportion of MMP-13-, ADAMTS-5-, cleaved caspase 3-, PARP p85-, acetylated NF-κB p65-, IL-1β-, and IL-6-positive chondrocytes was significantly lower in SIRT1-KI mice than that in control mice. The mechanically induced OA progression was delayed in SIRT1-KI mice compared to that in control mice. Therefore, overexpression of SIRT1 may represent a mechanism for delaying OA progression.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers
- Cartilage, Articular/metabolism
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Disease Susceptibility
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Inflammation Mediators
- Menisci, Tibial/metabolism
- Menisci, Tibial/pathology
- Menisci, Tibial/surgery
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/etiology
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/pathology
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/therapy
- Sirtuin 1/genetics
- Sirtuin 1/metabolism
Collapse
|
11
|
Xiaoshi J, Maoquan L, Jiwei W, Jinqiu N, Ke Z. SETD7 mediates the vascular invasion in articular cartilage and chondrocytes apoptosis in osteoarthriis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21283. [PMID: 33617050 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000373rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The pathological characteristics of osteoarthritis are cartilage matrix degradation, chondrocytes apoptosis, and low-grade inflammation of the joint. Recent studies have shown that blood vessels grow from the subchondral bone to the articular cartilage. However, the relationship among inflammation, angiogenesis, and chondrocyte apoptosis is still unclear. We found that chondrocytes could secrete chemokines and VEGF to promote the migration of vascular endothelial cells in response to TNF-α stimulation. The invasion of blood vessels leads to increased oxygen tension in the local environment, which increased the expression of SETD7 in chondrocytes by activating the JAK-STAT5 pathway. The bond of phosphorylated STAT5 and the specific locus in the promoter of SETD7 directly increased the transcription of SETD7. On the one hand, SETD7-regulated chemokine expression by forming a positive loop; on the other hand, SETD7-mediated chondrocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the nuclear localization of HIF-1α. In this study, we discovered a novel function of chondrocytes as mediators of inflammation and angiogenesis. Our study demonstrates that SETD7 is a potential molecular target to prevent OA development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xiaoshi
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Technology and Materials for Oral Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Maoquan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Technology and Materials for Oral Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Jiwei
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Jinqiu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Technology and Materials for Oral Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Ke
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Technology and Materials for Oral Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou Z, Deng Z, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Yang S, Lu W, Xiao D, Zhu W. Protective Effect of SIRT1 Activator on the Knee With Osteoarthritis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:661852. [PMID: 33927645 PMCID: PMC8076744 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.661852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), one of the most common chronic musculoskeletal disorders, is deemed to be correlated with aging. The SIRT1 activator, resveratrol, acts as a crucial regulator of aging and may have a potential therapeutic effect on OA. Rabbit OA models were established through destabilized medial meniscus surgery. A total of 40 healthy male New Zealand rabbits were divided into five groups: control group (sham operation), OA group, as well as low dose (LD), middle dose (MD), and high dose (HD) resveratrol-treated OA groups. 6 weeks after operation, 0.8 ml of normal saline was injected into the knee joints every other day in the control and OA groups, and 0.8 ml of 5, 10, and 15 μmol/L resveratrol was injected into the knee joints every other day in the LD, MD, and HD group, respectively. The rabbits were sacrificed 2 weeks after medication, and the articular cartilage of the knee joint was collected for Micro-CT, histology and Western blot analysis. Obvious articular cartilage lesion and joint space narrowing were detected in the OA group. Compared with the OA group, less osteoarthritic changes were observed in the MD and HD groups. The MD and HD groups had significantly lower bone volume fraction, trabecular number and Mankin scores than the LD and OA groups (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the OA and LD groups (p > 0.05). The expressions of SIRT1 and p53 detected by western blot were consistent with the aforementioned findings. Therefore, resveratrol can activate the SIRT1 gene to play a protective role in the OA process by inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis, trabecular bone number increasing of the subchondral bone, as well as elevation of bone density. It demonstrated the importance of SIRT1 in maintaining articular cartilage health and provided a promising therapeutic intervention in the treatment of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenquan Zhou
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yizi Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Breast Tumor Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, National Standardization Center for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiwei Yang
- Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Teaching Office, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Deming Xiao
- Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu WT, Chen YR, Lu DH, Senatov FS, Yang KC, Wang CC. Silymarin modulates catabolic cytokine expression through Sirt1 and SOX9 in human articular chondrocytes. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:147. [PMID: 33610183 PMCID: PMC7896383 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silymarin (SMN), a polyphenolic flavonoid, is involved in multiple bioactive functions including anti-inflammation. Pretreatment with SMN demonstrated chondroprotection against tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) stimulation in a chondrocyte cell line. However, pre- and posttreatment with phytochemicals have varying effects on osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes, and the therapeutic potential of SMN after catabolic cytokine stimulation is not fully elucidated. Methods The cytotoxicity of SMN (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μM) was evaluated in human primary chondrocytes. The chondrocytes were supplemented with SMN (25 and 50 μM) after interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) stimulation. The mRNA expression and protein production of catabolic/anabolic cytokines as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) components were evaluated. Results High-dose SMN (100 μM) impaired the mitochondrial activity in chondrocytes, and 50 μM SMN further caused cell death in IL-1β-stimulated cells. The addition of 25 μM SMN ameliorated cell senescence; downregulated the catabolic genes of inducible nitric oxide synthase, IL-1β, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), MMP-9 and MMP-13; upregulated the anabolic genes of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and collagen type II alpha 1; and restored the expression of chondrogenic phenotype genes SOX9 and sirtuin-1 (Sirt1). In addition, the production of IL-1β, MMP-3 and MMP-9 decreased with an increase in TIMP-1 secretion. However, the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 and protein production remained high. The addition of nicotinamide, a Sirt1 inhibitor, downregulated SOX9 and attenuated the therapeutic effects of SMN on IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. Conclusion SMN regulates the chondrocyte phenotype through Sirt1 and SOX9 to improve ECM homeostasis and may serve as a complementary therapy for early-stage knee OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tien Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289, Jianguo Rd., Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289, Jianguo Rd., Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan.,School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Hua Lu
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Fedor Svyatoslavovich Senatov
- Researcher of the Centre for Composite Materials, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kai-Chiang Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289, Jianguo Rd., Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan. .,School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Chie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289, Jianguo Rd., Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan. .,Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Meka SRK, Younis T, Reich E, Elayyan J, Kumar A, Merquiol E, Blum G, Kalmus S, Maatuf YH, Batshon G, Nussbaum G, Houri-Haddad Y, Dvir-Ginzberg M. TNFα expression by Porphyromonas gingivalis-stimulated macrophages relies on Sirt1 cleavage. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:535-546. [PMID: 33559894 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is one the most common chronic inflammatory conditions, resulting in destruction of tooth-supporting tissues and leading to tooth loss. Porphyromonas gingivalis activates host macrophages to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and elicit tissue damage, in part by inducing NF-kappa-B transactivation. Since NFκB transactivation is negatively regulated by the Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase enzyme Sirt1, we sought to assess if RAW264.7 macrophages exposed to P. gingivalis demonstrate impaired Sirt1 activity, to ultimately induce a pro-inflammatory response. METHODS RAW264.7 macrophages were incubated with heat- killed P. gingivalis for 2, 4, 8, and 24 h. Stimulated RAW264.7 were assessed for TNFα expression via PCR, ELISA, and ChIP analysis. Following the activation of RAW264.7 macrophages, immunoblot analysis was executed to detect modifications in Sirt1 and the NFκB subunit RelA that is essential for NFκB transcriptional activity. RESULTS TNFα expression was elevated 4 h after exposure to P. gingivalis. ChIP confirmed that RelA was enriched in the mouse TNFα promoter 4 h following stimulation, which correlated with the increased TNFα mRNA levels. Preceding TNFα expression, we detected Phosphoserine 536 and acetylated lysine 310 of RelA after 2 hours exposure with P. gingivalis. Moreover, reduced Sirt1 activity was associated with its cleavage in RAW264.7 protein extracts, after 2 hours of P. gingivalis exposure. Blocking TLR2/4 signaling prevented Sirt1 cleavage, loss of deacetylase activity, and TNFα secretion, while co-administering CA074Me (a cathepsin B inhibitor) with P. gingivalis reduced RelA promoter enrichment, resulting in impaired TNFα expression. CONCLUSIONS Together, the results suggest that P. gingivalis induces TNFα expression, at least in part, by enhancing cleavage of Sirt1 via a TLR-dependent signaling circuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai R K Meka
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tahsin Younis
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Reich
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jinan Elayyan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Emmanuelle Merquiol
- School of Pharmacy- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University- Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Galia Blum
- School of Pharmacy- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University- Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shira Kalmus
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yonathan H Maatuf
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - George Batshon
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gabriel Nussbaum
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Houri-Haddad
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mona Dvir-Ginzberg
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sacitharan PK, Bou-Gharios G, Edwards JR. SIRT1 directly activates autophagy in human chondrocytes. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:41. [PMID: 32528730 PMCID: PMC7260231 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis worldwide with no effective treatment. Ageing is the primary risk factor for OA. We sought to investigate if there is a distinct and functional convergence of ageing-related mechanisms SIRT1 and autophagy in chondrocytes. Our results show that, levels of SIRT1 are decreased in human normal aged and OA cartilage compared with young cartilage. Moreover, silencing SIRT1 in chondrocytes lead to decreased expression of chondrogenic markers but did not alter the expression of catabolic proteases. In contrast, activation of SIRT1 increased autophagy in chondrocytes by the deacetylation of lysine residues on crucial autophagy proteins (Beclin1, ATG5, ATG7, LC3). This activation was shown to be mTOR/ULK1 independent. Our results indicate that maintenance of autophagy in chondrocytes by SIRT1 is essential for preserving cartilage integrity throughout life and therefore is a target for drug intervention to protect against OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K. Sacitharan
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD UK
- The Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK
| | - George Bou-Gharios
- The Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK
| | - James R. Edwards
- The Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The Effects of Age and Cell Isolation on Collagen II Synthesis by Articular Chondrocytes: Evidence for Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4060135. [PMID: 32461985 PMCID: PMC7212282 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4060135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult articular cartilage synthesises very little type II collagen in comparison to young cartilage. The age-related difference in collagen II synthesis is poorly understood. This is the first systematic investigation of age-related differences in extracellular matrix synthesis in fresh articular cartilage and following isolation of chondrocytes. A histological comparison of 3-year-old skeletally mature and 6-month-old juvenile porcine cartilage was made. Differences in collagen II, aggrecan, and Sox5, 6, and 9 mRNA and protein expression and mRNA stability were measured. Adult cartilage was found to be thinner than juvenile cartilage but with similar chondrocyte density. Procollagen α1(II) and Sox9 mRNA levels were 10-fold and 3-fold reduced in adult cartilage. Sox9 protein was halved and collagen II protein synthesis was almost undetectable and calculated to be at least 30-fold reduced. Aggrecan expression did not differ. Isolation of chondrocytes caused a drop in procollagen α1(II) and Sox9 mRNA in both adult and juvenile cells along with a marked reduction in Sox9 mRNA stability. Interestingly, juvenile chondrocytes continued to synthesise collagen II protein with mRNA levels similar to those seen in adult articular cartilage. Age-related differences in collagen II protein synthesis are due to both transcriptional and posttranscription regulation. A better understanding of these regulatory mechanisms would be an important step in improving current cartilage regeneration techniques.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yan J, Chen X, Pu C, Zhao Y, Liu X, Liu T, Pan G, Lin J, Pei M, Yang H, He F. Synovium stem cell-derived matrix enhances anti-inflammatory properties of rabbit articular chondrocytes via the SIRT1 pathway. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 106:110286. [PMID: 31753397 PMCID: PMC9805357 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a promising approach to repair cartilage defects; however, the cartilage trauma-induced inflammatory environment compromises its clinical outcomes. Cell-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (DECM) has been used as a culture substrate for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to improve the cell proliferation and lineage-specific differentiation. In this study, DECM deposited by synovium-derived MSCs was used as an in vitro expansion system for rabbit articular chondrocytes and the response of DECM-expanded chondrocytes to pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was evaluated. Compared with those grown on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS), the proliferation rate was significantly improved in DECM-expanded chondrocytes. TCPS- and DECM-expanded chondrocytes were isolated and induced to redifferentiation in a high-density pellet culture. DECM-expanded chondrocytes exerted a stronger resistance to 1 ng/mL of IL-1β than TCPS-expanded cells, but the production of cartilage matrix in both groups was inhibited by 5 ng/mL of IL-1β. When exposed to 1 or 5 ng/mL of TNF-α, DECM-expanded chondrocytes showed higher levels of cartilage matrix synthesis than TCPS-expanded cells. In addition, the gene expression of IL-1β- or TNF-α-induced matrix degrading enzymes (MMP3, MMP9, MMP13, and ADAMTS5) was significantly lower in DECM-expanded chondrocytes than TCPS-expanded cells. Furthermore, we found that SIRT1 inhibition by nicotinamide completely counteracted the protective effect of DECM on chondrocytes in the presence of IL-1β or TNF-α, indicating that the SIRT1 signaling pathway was involved in the DECM-mediated enhancement of anti-inflammatory properties of chondrocytes. Taken together, this work suggests that stem cell-derived DECM is a superior culture substrate for in vitro chondrocyte expansion by improving proliferation and enhancing the anti-inflammatory properties of chondrocytes. DECM-expanded chondrocytes with enhanced anti-inflammatory properties hold great potential in clinically ACI-based cartilage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinku Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China,Clinical Sample Bank, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Chengbo Pu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Yilang Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Xiaozhen Liu
- Clinical Sample Bank, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,Corresponding Authors: Tao Liu, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China. Telephone: +86-512-67781420; Fax: +86-512-67781165;
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China,Fan He, Ph.D., Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, No.708 Renmin Road, Suzhou 215007, Jiangsu, China. Telephone: +86-512-67781420; Fax: +86-512-67781165;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ukita M, Matsushita K, Tamura M, Yamaguchi T. Histone H3K9 methylation is involved in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Med 2019; 45:607-614. [PMID: 31894302 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The morbidity of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) increases with age. Condylar articular cartilage degradation, which causes TMJOA, is known to be involved in articular chondrocyte metabolic imbalances in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and in other joints of the body. Epigenetic regulation, such as the chemical modification of DNA and histones, is implicated in cartilage homeostasis. However, few studies have been conducted on the epigenetic regulation of condylar articular cartilage degradation. The present study investigated the regulation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation and its effects on the pathogenesis of degenerative TMJ cartilage disorders. The histone H3K9 methylation level was decreased in degenerated condylar articular cartilage in aged mice. Treatment with chaetocin (a selective H3K9 methylation inhibitor) reduced cell viability and promoted caspase‑3/7 activity in ATDC5 mouse chondroprogenitor cells. The inhibition of H3K9 methylation increased matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp)1 and Mmp13 mRNA expression in these cells. Furthermore, the expression levels of Sox9 and collagen α1(II) (Col2a1) mRNA, which are anabolic factors for chondrogenic differentiation, were also decreased by treatment with chaetocin, which is an inhibitor of histone methyltransferases. These results indicated that histone H3K9 methylation regulates chondrocyte homeostasis in terms of cell growth, apoptosis and gene expression, and highlighted a possible future therapy option for TMJOA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Ukita
- Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Functional Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8586, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsushita
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474‑8511, Japan
| | - Masato Tamura
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8586, Japan
| | - Taihiko Yamaguchi
- Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Functional Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8586, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jin X, Kang X, Zhao L, Xu M, Xie T, Li H, Li F, Qian Z, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Yang W, Zhang Z, Gao X, Chen Q, Sun H, Wu S. Cartilage Ablation of Sirt1 Causes Inhibition of Growth Plate Chondrogenesis by Hyperactivation of mTORC1 Signaling. Endocrinology 2019; 160:3001-3017. [PMID: 31599935 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence implies a pivotal role of sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) in chondrocyte function and homeostasis; however, its underlying mechanisms mediating chondrogenesis, which is an essential process for physiological skeletal growth, are still poorly understood. In the current study, we generated TamCartSirt1-/- [Sirt1 conditional knockout (cKO)] mice to explore the role of Sirt1 during postnatal endochondral ossification. Compared with control mice, cKO mice exhibited growth retardation associated with inhibited chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy, as well as activated apoptosis. These effects were regulated by hyperactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, and thereby inhibition of autophagy and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress in growth plate chondrocytes. IP injection of the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin to mice with Sirt1 deletion partially neutralized such inhibitory effects of Sirt1 ablation on longitudinal bone growth, indicating the causative link between SIRT1 and mTORC1 signaling in the growth plate. Mechanistically, SIRT1 interacted with tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), a key upstream negative regulator of mTORC1 signaling, and loss of Sirt1 inhibited TSC2 expression, resulting in hyperactivated mTORC1 signaling in chondrocytes. In conclusion, our findings suggest that loss of Sirt1 may trigger mTORC1 signaling in growth plate chondrocytes and contributes to growth retardation, thus indicating that SIRT1 is an important regulator during chondrogenesis and providing new insights into the clinical potential of SIRT1 in bone development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Jin
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Xu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianping Xie
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Qian
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuanmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Bone and Joint Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tong N, Jin R, Zhou Z, Wu X. Involvement of microRNA-34a in Age-Related Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress in ARPE-19 Cells by Targeting the Silent Mating Type Information Regulation 2 Homolog 1/p66shc Pathway: Implications for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:137. [PMID: 31249522 PMCID: PMC6584679 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging retinal pigment epithelium and oxidative stress, mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, have been implicated in the mechanisms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The expression level of the adapter protein p66shc, a key protein that regulates cellular oxidative stress, is relatively low under normal conditions because of the effects of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) on the binding of fully deacetylated histone H3' to the p66shc promoter region, thus inhibiting p66shc transcription and expression. The equilibrium between SIRT1 and p66shc is disrupted in the presence of various stresses, including AMD. As a major target gene, SIRT1 is regulated by microRNA-34a (miR-34a), and overexpression of miR-34a results in significant inhibition of post-transcriptional expression of SIRT1. Furthermore, our recent studies demonstrated that miR-34a is significantly upregulated, accompanied by reduced tolerance to oxidative stress in hydrogen peroxide-induced prematurely senescent ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, the expression of SIRT1 is decreased, whereas that of p66shc is increased in these cells. Accordingly, miR-34a may play a key role in age-related susceptibility to oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cells by targeting the SIRT1/p66shc pathway, leading to AMD. In this review article, we discuss the functions of miR-34a in modulating the SIRT1/p66shc pathway in age-related conditions, including AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nianting Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhanyu Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingwei Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The role of sirtuin 1 and its activator, resveratrol in osteoarthritis. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190189. [PMID: 30996115 PMCID: PMC6509056 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthitis (OA) is the most common aging-related joint pathology; the aging process results in changes to joint tissues that ultimately contribute to the development of OA. Articular chondrocytes exhibit an aging-related decline in their proliferative and synthetic capacity. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT 1), a longevity gene related to many diseases associated with aging, is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylase and master metabolic regulator. Along with its natural activator resveratrol, SIRT 1 actively participates in the OA pathological progress. SIRT 1 expression in osteoarthritic cartilage decreases in the disease progression of OA; it appears to play a predominantly regulatory role in OA. SIRT 1 can regulate the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins; promote mesenchymal stem cell differentiation; play anti-catabolic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-apoptosis roles; participate in the autophagic process; and regulate bone homeostasis in OA. Resveratrol can activate SIRT 1 in order to inhibit OA disease progression. In the future, activating SIRT 1 via resveratrol with improved bioavailability may be an appropriate therapeutic approach for OA.
Collapse
|
22
|
Almatrafi A, Alfadhli F, Khan YN, Afzal S, Hashmi JA, Ullah A, Albalawi AM, Basit S. A Heterozygous Mutation in the Triple Helical Region of the Alpha 1 (II) Chain of the COL2A1 Protein Causes Non-Lethal Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2019; 23:310-315. [PMID: 30932712 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective:Heterozygous pathogenic variants in the COL2A1 gene result in several clinical features including impaired skeletal growth, ocular and otolaryngological abnormalities. Missense mutations in the triple helical region of the COL2A1 protein have been associated with lethal spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED). In this study, we aimed to identify the underlying cause of a case of SED congenita (SEDC) in a 27-month-old child. Materials and Methods: A patient who was diagnosed initially with osteochondrodysplasia underwent a detailed clinical and radiological examination to obtain a conclusive diagnosis. The patient did not show any clinical features of hypochondrogenesis. Whole exome sequencing of the COL2A1 gene was carried out to identify the underlying genetic cause of the disorder. Results: Variant annotation and filtration detected a heterozygous missense mutation c.1357G>A (p.G453S) in the exon 21 of the COL2A1 gene of the proband which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Neither parent carried the mvariant suggesting this was a new mutation. Conclusion: The COL2A1 mutation (c.1357G>A), identified in this case, results in more mild phenotype than other missense mutations in exon 21 which are known to cause lethal hypochondrogenesis. We showed, for the first time, that a missense mutation (p.G453S) in the triple helical region of the alpha 1 (II) chain of the COL2A1 protein underlies SEDC and is not always lethal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Almatrafi
- 1 College of Science, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Alfadhli
- 2 Department of Genetic Diseases, King Abdulla Medical City-Madinah Maternity and Children Hospital, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Naseem Khan
- 3 Department of Anatomy, Al-Rayan Medical College, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sibtain Afzal
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Asthma Research Chair and Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamil A Hashmi
- 5 Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anhar Ullah
- 6 Cardiac Sciences Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia M Albalawi
- 5 Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulman Basit
- 5 Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kimura T, Hino K, Kono T, Takano A, Nitta N, Ushio N, Hino S, Takase R, Kudo M, Daigo Y, Morita W, Nakao M, Nakatsukasa M, Tamagawa T, Rafiq AM, Matsumoto A, Otani H, Udagawa J. Maternal undernutrition during early pregnancy inhibits postnatal growth of the tibia in the female offspring of rats by alteration of chondrogenesis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 260:58-66. [PMID: 29277418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological research has suggested that birth weights are correlated with adult leg lengths. However, the relationship between prenatal undernutrition (UN) and postnatal leg growth remains controversial. We investigated the effects of UN during early pregnancy on postnatal hindlimb growth and determined whether early embryonic malnutrition affects the functions of postnatal chondrocytes in rats. Undernourished Wistar dams were fed 40% of the daily intake of rats in the control groups from gestational days 5.5-11.5, and femurs, tibias, and trunks or spinal columns were morphologically measured at birth and at 16 weeks of age in control and undernourished offspring of both sexes. We evaluated cell proliferation and differentiation of cultured chondrocytes derived from neonatal tibias of female offspring and determined chondrocyte-related gene expression levels in neonatal epiphysis and embryonic limb buds. Tibial lengths of undernourished female, but not male, offspring were longer at birth and shorter at 16 weeks of age (p < .05) compared with those of control rats. In chondrocyte culture studies, stimulating effects of IGF-1 on cell proliferation (p < .01) were significantly decreased and levels of type II collagen were lower in female undernourished offspring (p < .05). These phenomena were accompanied by decreased expression levels of Col2a1 and Igf1r and increased expression levels of Fgfr3 (p < .05), which might be attributable to the decreased expression of specificity protein 1 (p < .05), a key transactivator of Col2a1 and Igf1r. In conclusion, UN stress during early pregnancy reduces postnatal tibial growth in female offspring by altering the function of chondrocytes, likely reflecting altered expression of gene transactivators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kimura
- Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kodai Hino
- Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Kono
- Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Norihisa Nitta
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Ushio
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Hino
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Ryuta Takase
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Motoi Kudo
- Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Wataru Morita
- Department of Oral Functional Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Masato Nakatsukasa
- Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Science, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tamagawa
- Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ashiq Mahmood Rafiq
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Otani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Udagawa
- Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epigenomics has emerged as a key player in our rapidly evolving understanding of osteoarthritis. Historical studies implicated epigenetic alterations, particularly DNA methylation, in OA pathogenesis; however, recent technological advances have resulted in numerous epigenome-wide studies examining in detail epigenetic modifications in OA. The purpose of this article is to introduce basic concepts in epigenetics and their recent applications to the study of osteoarthritis development and progression. RECENT FINDINGS Epigenetics describes three major phenomena: DNA modification via methylation, histone sidechain modifications, and short noncoding RNA sequences which work in concert to regulate gene transcription in a heritable fashion. Cartilage has been the most widely studied tissue in OA, and differential methylation of genes involved in inflammation, cell cycle, TGFβ, and HOX genes have been confirmed several times. Bone studies suggest similar findings, and the intriguing possibility of epigenetic changes in subchondral bone during many OA processes. Multiple studies have demonstrated the involvement of certain noncoding RNAs, particularly miR-140, in OA development via modulation of key catabolic factors. Although much work has been done, much is still unknown. Future epigenomic studies will no doubt continue to widen our understanding of extraarticular tissues and OA pathogenesis, and studies in animal models may offer glimpses into epigenome alterations in the earliest stages of OA.
Collapse
|
25
|
Ding H, Lu WC, Hu JC, Liu YC, Zhang CH, Lian FL, Zhang NX, Meng FW, Luo C, Chen KX. Identification and Characterizations of Novel, Selective Histone Methyltransferase SET7 Inhibitors by Scaffold Hopping- and 2D-Molecular Fingerprint-Based Similarity Search. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030567. [PMID: 29498708 PMCID: PMC6017732 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SET7, serving as the only histone methyltransferase that monomethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3, has been proved to function as a key regulator in diverse biological processes, such as cell proliferation, transcriptional network regulation in embryonic stem cell, cell cycle control, protein stability, heart morphogenesis and development. What's more, SET7 is involved inthe pathogenesis of alopecia aerate, breast cancer, tumor and cancer progression, atherosclerosis in human carotid plaques, chronic renal diseases, diabetes, obesity, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, there is urgent need to develop novel SET7 inhibitors. In this paper, based on DC-S239 which has been previously reported in our group, we employed scaffold hopping- and 2D fingerprint-based similarity searches and identified DC-S285 as the new hit compound targeting SET7 (IC50 = 9.3 μM). Both radioactive tracing and NMR experiments validated the interactions between DC-S285 and SET7 followed by the second-round similarity search leading to the identification ofDC-S303 with the IC50 value of 1.1 μM. In cellular level, DC-S285 retarded tumor cell proliferation and showed selectivity against MCF7 (IC50 = 21.4 μM), Jurkat (IC50 = 2.2 μM), THP1 (IC50 = 3.5 μM), U937 (IC50 = 3.9 μM) cell lines. Docking calculations suggested that DC-S303 share similar binding mode with the parent compoundDC-S239. What's more, it presented good selectivity against other epigenetic targets, including SETD1B, SETD8, G9a, SMYD2 and EZH2. DC-S303 can serve as a drug-like scaffold which may need further optimization for drug development, and can be used as chemical probe to help the community to better understand the SET7 biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wen Chao Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jun Chi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yu-Chih Liu
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co., Ltd., #5 Building, 998 Halei Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chen Hua Zhang
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co., Ltd., #5 Building, 998 Halei Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Fu Lin Lian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Nai Xia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Fan Wang Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Cheng Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Kai Xian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed many advances in the understanding of sirtuin biology and related regulatory circuits supporting the capacity of these proteins to serve as energy-sensing molecules that contribute to healthspan in various tissues, including articular cartilage. Hence, there has been a significant increase in new investigations that aim to elucidate the mechanisms of sirtuin function and their roles in cartilage biology, skeletal development, and pathologies such as osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD). The majority of the work carried out to date has focused on SIRT1, although SIRT6 has more recently become a focus of some investigations. In vivo work with transgenic mice has shown that Sirt1 and Sirt6 are essential for maintaining cartilage homeostasis and that the use of sirtuin-activating molecules such as resveratrol may have beneficial effects on cartilage anabolism. Current thinking is that SIRT1 exerts positive effects on cartilage by encouraging chondrocyte survival, especially under stress conditions, which may provide a mechanism supporting the use of sirtuin small-molecule activators (STACS) for future therapeutic interventions in OA and other degenerative pathologies of joints, especially those that involve articular cartilage.
Collapse
|
27
|
Szychlinska MA, Stoddart MJ, D'Amora U, Ambrosio L, Alini M, Musumeci G. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Cartilage Regeneration Approach and Cell Senescence: Can We Manipulate Cell Aging and Function? TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:529-539. [PMID: 28514935 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the most prominent risk factor triggering several degenerative diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA). Due to its poor self-healing capacity, once injured cartilage needs to be reestablished. This process might be approached through resorting to cell-based therapies and/or tissue engineering. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising approach due to their chondrogenic differentiation potential. Presently, in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs is limited by two main reasons as follows: aging of MSCs, which determines the loss of cell proliferative and differentiation capacity and MSC-derived chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation, which limits the use of these cells in cartilage tissue regeneration approach. The effect of aging on MSCs is fundamental for stem cell-based therapy development, especially in older subjects. In the present review we focus on homeostasis alterations occurring in MSC-derived chondrocytes during in vitro aging. Moreover, we deal with potential cell aging regulation approaches, such as cell stimulation through telomerase activators, mechanical strain, and epigenetic regulation. Future investigations in this field might provide new insights into innovative strategies for cartilage regeneration and potentially inspire novel therapeutic approaches for OA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Szychlinska
- 1 Human Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania, Italy
| | - Martin J Stoddart
- 2 Musculoskeletal Regeneration, AO Research Institute Davos , Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Ugo D'Amora
- 3 Institute of Polymers , Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- 3 Institute of Polymers , Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy .,4 Department of Chemical Science and Materials Technology, National Research Council of Italy , Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Alini
- 2 Musculoskeletal Regeneration, AO Research Institute Davos , Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- 1 Human Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania, Italy .,5 Department of Health, Institut des Etudes Universitaries , UniPoliSI, Veyras, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
He DS, Hu XJ, Yan YQ, Liu H. Underlying mechanism of Sirt1 on apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation of osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:845-850. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
29
|
Flores CP, García-Vázquez R, Rincón DG, Ruiz-García E, De La Vega HA, Marchat LA, Salinas Vera YM, López-Camarillo C. MicroRNAs driving invasion and metastasis in ovarian cancer: Opportunities for translational medicine (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1461-1476. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
30
|
|
31
|
Gabay O, Clouse KA. Epigenetics of cartilage diseases. Joint Bone Spine 2016; 83:491-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
32
|
MicroRNA-455-3p modulates cartilage development and degeneration through modification of histone H3 acetylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2881-2891. [PMID: 27638301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Histone acetylation regulated by class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) plays a pivotal role in matrix-specific gene transcription and cartilage development. While we previously demonstrated that microRNA (miR)-455-3p is upregulated during chondrogenesis and can enhance early chondrogenesis, the mechanism underlying this process remains largely unclear. In this study, we characterized the effect of miR-455-3p on histone H3 acetylation and its role during cartilage development and degeneration. We observed that miR-455-3p was highly expressed in proliferating and pre-hypertrophic chondrocytes, while HDAC2 and HDAC8 were primarily expressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes. Meanwhile, miR-455-3p suppressed the activity of reporter constructs containing the 3'-untranslated regions of HDAC2/8, inhibited HDAC2/8 expression and promoted histone H3 acetylation at the collagen 2 (COL2A1) promoter in human SW1353 chondrocyte-like cells. Treatment with the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) resulted in increased expression of cartilage-specific genes and promoted glycosaminoglycan deposition. Moreover, TSA inhibited matrix metalloproteinase 13 (Mmp13) expression and promoted nuclear translocation of SOX9 in interleukin-1-treated primary mouse chondrocytes. Lastly, knockdown of HDAC2/3/8 increased SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 9 (SOX9) and decreased Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-455-3p plays a critical role during chondrogenesis by directly targeting HDAC2/8 and promoting histone H3 acetylation, which raises possibilities of using miR-455-3p to influence chondrogenesis and cartilage degeneration.
Collapse
|
33
|
Bar Oz M, Kumar A, Elayyan J, Reich E, Binyamin M, Kandel L, Liebergall M, Steinmeyer J, Lefebvre V, Dvir‐Ginzberg M. Acetylation reduces SOX9 nuclear entry and ACAN gene transactivation in human chondrocytes. Aging Cell 2016; 15:499-508. [PMID: 26910618 PMCID: PMC4854920 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the content of aggrecan, an essential proteoglycan of articular cartilage, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent age-related, degenerative joint disease. Here, we examined the effect of SOX9 acetylation on ACAN transactivation in the context of osteoarthritis. Primary chondrocytes freshly isolated from degenerated OA cartilage displayed lower levels of ACAN mRNA and higher levels of acetylated SOX9 compared with cells from intact regions of OA cartilage. Degenerated OA cartilage presented chondrocyte clusters bearing diffused immunostaining for SOX9 compared with intact cartilage regions. Primary human chondrocytes freshly isolated from OA knee joints were cultured in monolayer or in three-dimensional alginate microbeads (3D). SOX9 was hypo-acetylated in 3D cultures and displayed enhanced binding to a -10 kb ACAN enhancer, a result consistent with higher ACAN mRNA levels than in monolayer cultures. It also co-immunoprecipitated with SIRT1, a major deacetylase responsible for SOX9 deacetylation. Finally, immunofluorescence assays revealed increased nuclear localization of SOX9 in primary chondrocytes treated with the NAD SIRT1 cofactor, than in cells treated with a SIRT1 inhibitor. Inhibition of importin β by importazole maintained SOX9 in the cytoplasm, even in the presence of NAD. Based on these data, we conclude that deacetylation promotes SOX9 nuclear translocation and hence its ability to activate ACAN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bar Oz
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology Institute of Dental Sciences Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology Institute of Dental Sciences Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Jinan Elayyan
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology Institute of Dental Sciences Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Eli Reich
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology Institute of Dental Sciences Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Milana Binyamin
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology Institute of Dental Sciences Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Leonid Kandel
- Joint Replacement and Reconstructive Surgery Unit Orthopaedic Surgery Complex Hadassah Mount Scopus Hospital Jerusalem Israel
| | - Meir Liebergall
- Joint Replacement and Reconstructive Surgery Unit Orthopaedic Surgery Complex Hadassah Mount Scopus Hospital Jerusalem Israel
| | - Juergen Steinmeyer
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University Hospital Giessen & Marburg GmbH Gießen Germany
| | | | - Mona Dvir‐Ginzberg
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology Institute of Dental Sciences Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen Y, Yang S, Hu J, Yu C, He M, Cai Z. Increased Expression of SETD7 Promotes Cell Proliferation by Regulating Cell Cycle and Indicates Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154939. [PMID: 27183310 PMCID: PMC4868314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role of SET domain containing 7 (SETD7) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and determine whether SETD7 can be used as a predictor of overall survival in HCC patients. Methods mRNAs and proteins of SETD7 and related genes in HCC tumor samples and paired adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues (ANLTs) (n = 20) or culture cells were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation and apoptosis with SETD7 knockdown SMMC-7721 cells or SETD7 overexpressed HepG2 cells were analyzed by CCK8 assay or flow cytometry. Gene expression alterations in SETD7 knockdown of SMMC-7721 cells were determined by digital gene expression (DGE) profiling. Defined data on patients (n = 225) with HCC were retrieved for the further study. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were performed using paraffin tissues with tumor and ANLTs. SETD7 and related proteins were determined by TMAs immunohistochemistry. Statistical analyses were conducted to associate SETD7 expression with tumor features and patient outcomes, as well as related proteins expression. Results SETD7 expression was significantly higher in HCC tumor tissues than in ANLTs. SETD7 overexpression in vitro can promote HepG2 cell proliferation, whereas SETD7 knockdown can inhibit SMMC-7721 cell proliferation by regulating the cell cycle. SETD7 expression was significantly correlated with five genes expression. Increased SETD7 is associated with metastasis, recurrence, large tumor size, and poor tumor differentiation, and indicates poor prognosis in HCC patients. Conclusions SETD7 plays a critical role in HCC, and its immunohistochemistry signature provides potential clinical significance for personalized prediction of HCC prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shengsheng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiewei Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chaoqin Yu
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Miaoxia He
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- * E-mail: (ZC); (MH)
| | - Zailong Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- * E-mail: (ZC); (MH)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gordon JAR, Stein JL, Westendorf JJ, van Wijnen AJ. Chromatin modifiers and histone modifications in bone formation, regeneration, and therapeutic intervention for bone-related disease. Bone 2015; 81:739-745. [PMID: 25836763 PMCID: PMC4591092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of chromatin such as DNA methylation and different types of histone acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation are well-appreciated epigenetic mechanisms that confer information to progeny cells during lineage commitment. These distinct epigenetic modifications have defined roles in bone, development, tissue regeneration, cell commitment and differentiation, as well as disease etiologies. In this review, we discuss the role of these chromatin modifications and the enzymes regulating these marks (methyltransferases, demethylases, acetyltransferases, and deacetylases) in progenitor cells, osteoblasts and bone-related cells. In addition, the clinical relevance of deregulated histone modifications and enzymes as well as current and potential therapeutic interventions targeting chromatin modifiers are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Meng F, Cheng S, Ding H, Liu S, Liu Y, Zhu K, Chen S, Lu J, Xie Y, Li L, Liu R, Shi Z, Zhou Y, Liu YC, Zheng M, Jiang H, Lu W, Liu H, Luo C. Discovery and Optimization of Novel, Selective Histone Methyltransferase SET7 Inhibitors by Pharmacophore- and Docking-Based Virtual Screening. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8166-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanwang Meng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sufang Cheng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research,
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shien Liu
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kongkai Zhu
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shijie Chen
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junyan Lu
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiqian Xie
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linjuan Li
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rongfeng Liu
- Shanghai ChemPartner
Co., Ltd., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Shanghai ChemPartner
Co., Ltd., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research,
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Chih Liu
- Shanghai ChemPartner
Co., Ltd., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wencong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research,
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim H, Kang D, Cho Y, Kim JH. Epigenetic Regulation of Chondrocyte Catabolism and Anabolism in Osteoarthritis. Mol Cells 2015; 38:677-84. [PMID: 26242192 PMCID: PMC4546939 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent forms of joint disorder, associated with a tremendous socioeconomic burden worldwide. Various non-genetic and lifestyle-related factors such as aging and obesity have been recognized as major risk factors for OA, underscoring the potential role for epigenetic regulation in the pathogenesis of the disease. OA-associated epigenetic aberrations have been noted at the level of DNA methylation and histone modification in chondrocytes. These epigenetic regulations are implicated in driving an imbalance between the expression of catabolic and anabolic factors, leading eventually to osteoarthritic cartilage destruction. Cellular senescence and metabolic abnormalities driven by OA-associated risk factors appear to accompany epigenetic drifts in chondrocytes. Notably, molecular events associated with metabolic disorders influence epigenetic regulation in chondrocytes, supporting the notion that OA is a metabolic disease. Here, we review accumulating evidence supporting a role for epigenetics in the regulation of cartilage homeostasis and OA pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonkyeong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747,
Korea
| | - Donghyun Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747,
Korea
| | - Yongsik Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747,
Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Differentiation of Human Ligamentum Flavum Stem Cells Toward Nucleus Pulposus-Like Cells Induced by Coculture System and Hypoxia. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2015; 40:E665-74. [PMID: 25785962 PMCID: PMC4450897 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Human ligamentum flavum (LF)-derived stem cells (LFSCs) and nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were cocultured under normoxia or hypoxia. OBJECTIVE To isolate and identify human LFSCs and determine whether they can differentiate into NPCs when cocultured with NPCs under hypoxia. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies have been proposed as a biological treatment for intervertebral disc degeneration. MSCs derived from various tissues are leading candidates for cell-based therapies, but such cells have not been reported in LF. METHODS LF cells were isolated from patient samples and cultured using culture flasks coated with fibronectin, and their identity was confirmed using flow cytometry. The cells were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, and their morphology, immunophenotype, cell proliferation capacity, cell cycle, and expression of stem cell-specific genes were compared with those of bone marrow-MSCs (BM-MSCs) derived from the same patients. NPCs and LFSCs were cocultured in 1-μm-pore-size insert transwell-culture systems under hypoxia (2% O2) or normoxia. CD24 expression was measured by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy assay. On day 14, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used for comparing the expression of chondrogenic genes (Sox-9, collagen-II, aggrecan) and novel marker genes (KRT19, CA12, FOXF1, HIF-1α) between the 2 groups. RESULTS LFSCs were obtained using the fibronectin differential-adhesion assay. The morphology of LFSCs was altered, and their immunophenotype, multilineage induction, cell proliferation capacity, cell cycle, and stem cell-specific gene expression were closely related-but not identical-to BM-MSCs, CD24 expression was highly significant in the differentiated LFSCs. RT/Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that compared with LFSCs grown under normoxia, hypoxia-treated LFSCs expressed higher levels of Sox-9, collagen-II, aggrecan, KRT19, CA12, and HIF-1α genes except FOXF1. CONCLUSION Stem cells were identified in human LF, and LFSCs cocultured with NPCs were successfully differentiated into NP-like cells under hypoxia. This potentially provides new cell candidates for cell-based regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang M, Egan B, Wang J. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying the aberrant catabolic and anabolic activities of osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 67:101-9. [PMID: 25975825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of disease-modifying pharmacologic therapy for osteoarthritis currently faces major obstacles largely because the pathogenetic mechanisms for the development of osteoarthritis remain unclear. Previous studies suggest that the alterations in expression of catabolic and anabolic genes in articular chondrocytes may be involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. However, the regulatory mechanisms for gene expression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes are largely unknown. The objective of this review is to highlight the recent studies on epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the development of osteoarthritis. The review will begin with current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms, especially the newly emerging areas including the regulatory role of non-coding RNAs in gene expression and crosstalk among the epigenetic mechanisms. The main content of this review focuses on the significance of epigenetic regulation of the expression of catabolic and anabolic genes in osteoarthritic chondrocytes, including the regulatory roles of various epigenetic mechanisms in the expression of genes for specific matrix-degrading proteinases, cytokines, and extracellular matrix proteins. Recent novel findings on the epigenetic regulation of specific transcription factor genes are particularly important for the understanding of osteoarthritis pathogenesis, as these transcription factors may act as upstream regulators of multiple catabolic and anabolic genes. In conclusion, these recent advances in epigenetic studies have shed light on the importance of epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the development of osteoarthritis, leading to a better understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. This may promote the development of new epigenetics-based strategies for the treatment of osteoarthritis. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Epigenetics dynamics in development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingcai Zhang
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Brian Egan
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jinxi Wang
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ben-Aderet L, Merquiol E, Fahham D, Kumar A, Reich E, Ben-Nun Y, Kandel L, Haze A, Liebergall M, Kosińska MK, Steinmeyer J, Turk B, Blum G, Dvir-Ginzberg M. Detecting cathepsin activity in human osteoarthritis via activity-based probes. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:69. [PMID: 25889265 PMCID: PMC4415352 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lysosomal cathepsins have been reported to contribute to Osteoarthritis (OA) pathophysiology due to their increase in pro-inflammatory conditions. Given the causal role of cathepsins in OA, monitoring their specific activity could provide means for assessing OA severity. To this end, we herein sought to assess a cathepsin activity-based probe (ABP), GB123, in vitro and in vivo. Methods Protein levels and activity of cathepsins B and S were monitored by immunoblot analysis and GB123 labeling in cultured primary chondrocytes and conditioned media, following stimuli with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and/or Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). Similarly, cathepsin activity was examined in sections of intact cartilage (IC) and degraded cartilage (DC) regions of OA. Finally, synovial fluid (SF) and serum from donors with no signs of diseases, early OA, late OA and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were analyzed with GB123 to detect distinct activity levels of cathepsin B and S. Results Cathepsin activity in cell lysates, conditioned media explants and DC sections showed enhanced enzymatic activity of cathepsins B and S. Further histological analysis revealed that cathepsin activity was found higher in superficial zones of DC than in IC. Examining serum and SF revealed that cathepsin B is significantly elevated with OA severity in serum and SF, yet levels of cathepsin S are more correlated with synovitis and RA. Conclusions Based on our data, cathepsin activity monitored by ABPs correlated well with OA severity and joint inflammation, directing towards a novel etiological target for OA, which possesses significant translational potential in developing means for non-invasive detection of early signs of OA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0586-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Ben-Aderet
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO BOX 12272, Ein Kerem Campus, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.
| | - Emmanuelle Merquiol
- School of Pharmacy- Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO BOX 12065, Ein Kerem Campus, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.
| | - Duha Fahham
- School of Pharmacy- Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO BOX 12065, Ein Kerem Campus, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO BOX 12272, Ein Kerem Campus, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.
| | - Eli Reich
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO BOX 12272, Ein Kerem Campus, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.
| | - Yael Ben-Nun
- School of Pharmacy- Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO BOX 12065, Ein Kerem Campus, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.
| | - Leonid Kandel
- Joint Replacement and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Orthopaedic Surgery Complex, Hadassah Mount Scopus Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Amir Haze
- Joint Replacement and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Orthopaedic Surgery Complex, Hadassah Mount Scopus Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Meir Liebergall
- Joint Replacement and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Orthopaedic Surgery Complex, Hadassah Mount Scopus Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Marta K Kosińska
- Department of Orthopaedics, Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Juergen Steinmeyer
- Department of Orthopaedics, Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Galia Blum
- School of Pharmacy- Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO BOX 12065, Ein Kerem Campus, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.
| | - Mona Dvir-Ginzberg
- Laboratory of Cartilage Biology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO BOX 12272, Ein Kerem Campus, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease and the leading cause of chronic disability in middle-aged and older populations. The development of disease-modifying therapy for OA currently faces major obstacles largely because the regulatory mechanisms for the function of joint tissue cells remain unclear. Previous studies have found that the alterations in gene expression of specific transcription factors (TFs), pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, matrix proteinases and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in articular cartilage may be involved in the development of OA. However, the regulatory mechanisms for the expression of those genes in OA chondrocytes are largely unknown. The recent advances in epigenetic studies have shed lights on the importance of epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the development of OA. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent studies on the regulatory roles of various epigenetic mechanisms in the expression of genes for specific TFs, cytokines, ECM proteins and matrix proteinases, as well the significance of these epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingcai Zhang
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jinxi Wang
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS #3017, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. Tel.: +1 913 588 0870; fax: +1 913 945 7773.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The progressive nature of osteoarthritis is manifested by the dynamic increase of degenerated articular cartilage, which is one of the major characteristics of this debilitating disease. As articular chondrocytes become exposed to inflammatory stress they enter a pro-catabolic state, which leads to the secretion and activation of a plethora of proteases. In aim to detect the disease before massive areas of cartilage are destroyed, various protein and non-protein biomarkers have been examined in bodily fluids and correlated with disease severity. This review will discuss the widely research extracellular degraded products as well as products generated by affected cellular pathways upon increased protease activity. While extracellular components could be more abundant, cleaved cellular proteins are less abundant and are suggested to possess a significant effect on cell metabolism and cartilage secretome. Subtle changes in cell secretome could potentially act as indicators of the chondrocyte metabolic and biological state. Therefore, it is envisioned that combined biomarkers composed of both cell and extracellular-degraded secretome could provide a valuable platform for testing drug efficacy to halt disease progression at its early stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dvir-Ginzberg
- a Laboratory of Cartilage Biology , Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Eli Reich
- a Laboratory of Cartilage Biology , Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , Israel
| |
Collapse
|