1
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Mai N, Wu L, Uruk G, Mocanu E, Swanson RA. Bioenergetic and excitotoxic determinants of cofilactin rod formation. J Neurochem 2024; 168:899-909. [PMID: 38299375 PMCID: PMC11102304 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Cofilactin rods (CARs), which are 1:1 aggregates of cofilin-1 and actin, lead to neurite loss in ischemic stroke and other disorders. The biochemical pathways driving CAR formation are well-established, but how these pathways are engaged under ischemic conditions is less clear. Brain ischemia produces both ATP depletion and glutamate excitotoxicity, both of which have been shown to drive CAR formation in other settings. Here, we show that CARs are formed in cultured neurons exposed to ischemia-like conditions: oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), glutamate, or oxidative stress. Of these conditions, only OGD produced significant ATP depletion, showing that ATP depletion is not required for CAR formation. Moreover, the OGD-induced CAR formation was blocked by the glutamate receptor antagonists MK-801 and kynurenic acid; the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitors GSK2795039 and apocynin; as well as an ROS scavenger. The findings identify a biochemical pathway leading from OGD to CAR formation in which the glutamate release induced by energy failure leads to activation of neuronal glutamate receptors, which in turn activates NADPH oxidase to generate oxidative stress and CARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Mai
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Neurology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Neurology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gökhan Uruk
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Neurology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ebony Mocanu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Neurology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Raymond A. Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Neurology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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2
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Arnold L, Yap M, Jackson L, Barry M, Ly T, Morrison A, Gomez JP, Washburn MP, Standing D, Yellapu NK, Li L, Umar S, Anant S, Thomas SM. DCLK1-Mediated Regulation of Invadopodia Dynamics and Matrix Metalloproteinase Trafficking Drives Invasive Progression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.06.588339. [PMID: 38645056 PMCID: PMC11030349 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.06.588339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a major health concern due to its high mortality from poor treatment responses and locoregional tumor invasion into life sustaining structures in the head and neck. A deeper comprehension of HNSCC invasion mechanisms holds the potential to inform targeted therapies that may enhance patient survival. We previously reported that doublecortin like kinase 1 (DCLK1) regulates invasion of HNSCC cells. Here, we tested the hypothesis that DCLK1 regulates proteins within invadopodia to facilitate HNSCC invasion. Invadopodia are specialized subcellular protrusions secreting matrix metalloproteinases that degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM). Through a comprehensive proteome analysis comparing DCLK1 control and shDCLK1 conditions, our findings reveal that DCLK1 plays a pivotal role in regulating proteins that orchestrate cytoskeletal and ECM remodeling, contributing to cell invasion. Further, we demonstrate in TCGA datasets that DCLK1 levels correlate with increasing histological grade and lymph node metastasis. We identified higher expression of DCLK1 in the leading edge of HNSCC tissue. Knockdown of DCLK1 in HNSCC reduced the number of invadopodia, cell adhesion and colony formation. Using super resolution microscopy, we demonstrate localization of DCLK1 in invadopodia and colocalization with mature invadopodia markers TKS4, TKS5, cortactin and MT1-MMP. We carried out phosphoproteomics and validated using immunofluorescence and proximity ligation assays, the interaction between DCLK1 and motor protein KIF16B. Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of DCLK1 reduced interaction with KIF16B, secretion of MMPs, and cell invasion. This research unveils a novel function of DCLK1 within invadopodia to regulate the trafficking of matrix degrading cargo. The work highlights the impact of targeting DCLK1 to inhibit locoregional invasion, a life-threatening attribute of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Arnold
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Marion Yap
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Laura Jackson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Michael Barry
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Thuc Ly
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Austin Morrison
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Juan P. Gomez
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Michael P. Washburn
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - David Standing
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Nanda Kumar Yellapu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Linheng Li
- Stowers Institute, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Sufi Mary Thomas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
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3
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Sousa-Squiavinato ACM, Morgado-Díaz JA. A glimpse into cofilin-1 role in cancer therapy: A potential target to improve clinical outcomes? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189087. [PMID: 38395237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Cofilin-1 (CFL1) modulates dynamic actin networks by severing and enhancing depolymerization. The upregulation of cofilin-1 expression in several cancer types is associated with tumor progression and metastasis. However, recent discoveries indicated relevant cofilin-1 functions under oxidative stress conditions, interplaying with mitochondrial dynamics, and apoptosis networks. In this scenario, these emerging roles might impact the response to clinical therapy and could be used to enhance treatment efficacy. Here, we highlight new perspectives of cofilin-1 in the therapy resistance context and discussed how cofilin-1 is involved in these events, exploring aspects of its contribution to therapeutic resistance. We also provide an analysis of CFL1 expression in several tumors predicting survival. Therefore, understanding how exactly coflin-1 plays, particularly in therapy resistance, may pave the way to the development of treatment strategies and improvement of patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Andrés Morgado-Díaz
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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4
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Megino-Luque C, Bravo-Cordero JJ. Metastasis suppressor genes and their role in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:1147-1154. [PMID: 37982987 PMCID: PMC10842895 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The metastatic cascade is a complex process with multiple factors contributing to the seeding and growth of cancer cells at metastatic sites. Within this complex process, several genes have been identified as metastasis suppressors, playing a role in the inhibition of metastasis. Interestingly, some of these genes have been shown to also play a role in regulating the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we comment on the recent developments in the biology of metastasis suppressor genes and their crosstalk with the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Megino-Luque
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Heinze A, Rust MB. Loss of the actin regulator cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) modestly affects dendritic spine remodeling during synaptic plasticity. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151357. [PMID: 37634312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines form the postsynaptic compartment of most excitatory synapses in the vertebrate brain. Morphological changes of dendritic spines contribute to major forms of synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation (LTP) or depression (LTD). Synaptic plasticity underlies learning and memory, and defects in synaptic plasticity contribute to the pathogeneses of human brain disorders. Hence, deciphering the molecules that drive spine remodeling during synaptic plasticity is critical for understanding the neuronal basis of physiological and pathological brain function. Since actin filaments (F-actin) define dendritic spine morphology, actin-binding proteins (ABP) that accelerate dis-/assembly of F-actin moved into the focus as critical regulators of synaptic plasticity. We recently identified cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) as a novel actin regulator in neurons that cooperates with cofilin1, an ABP relevant for synaptic plasticity. We therefore hypothesized a crucial role for CAP1 in structural synaptic plasticity. By exploiting mouse hippocampal neurons, we tested this hypothesis in the present study. We found that induction of both forms of synaptic plasticity oppositely altered concentration of exogenous, myc-tagged CAP1 in dendritic spines, with chemical LTP (cLTP) decreasing and chemical LTD (cLTD) increasing it. cLTP induced spine enlargement in CAP1-deficient neurons. However, it did not increase the density of large spines, different from control neurons. cLTD induced spine retraction and spine size reduction in control neurons, but not in CAP1-KO neurons. Together, we report that postsynaptic myc-CAP1 concentration oppositely changed during cLTP and cTLD and that CAP1 inactivation modestly affected structural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Heinze
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco B Rust
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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6
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Oosterheert W, Blanc FEC, Roy A, Belyy A, Sanders MB, Hofnagel O, Hummer G, Bieling P, Raunser S. Molecular mechanisms of inorganic-phosphate release from the core and barbed end of actin filaments. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1774-1785. [PMID: 37749275 PMCID: PMC10643162 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The release of inorganic phosphate (Pi) from actin filaments constitutes a key step in their regulated turnover, which is fundamental to many cellular functions. The mechanisms underlying Pi release from the core and barbed end of actin filaments remain unclear. Here, using human and bovine actin isoforms, we combine cryo-EM with molecular-dynamics simulations and in vitro reconstitution to demonstrate how actin releases Pi through a 'molecular backdoor'. While constantly open at the barbed end, the backdoor is predominantly closed in filament-core subunits and opens only transiently through concerted amino acid rearrangements. This explains why Pi escapes rapidly from the filament end but slowly from internal subunits. In a nemaline-myopathy-associated actin variant, the backdoor is predominantly open in filament-core subunits, resulting in accelerated Pi release and filaments with drastically shortened ADP-Pi caps. Our results provide the molecular basis for Pi release from actin and exemplify how a disease-linked mutation distorts the nucleotide-state distribution and atomic structure of the filament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wout Oosterheert
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Florian E C Blanc
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ankit Roy
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexander Belyy
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Micaela Boiero Sanders
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Oliver Hofnagel
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hummer
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Institute for Biophysics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Peter Bieling
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
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7
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Honasoge KS, Karagöz Z, Goult BT, Wolfenson H, LaPointe VLS, Carlier A. Force-dependent focal adhesion assembly and disassembly: A computational study. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011500. [PMID: 37801464 PMCID: PMC10584152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) via cell-ECM adhesions. These physical interactions are transduced into biochemical signals inside the cell which influence cell behaviour. Although cell-ECM interactions have been studied extensively, it is not completely understood how immature (nascent) adhesions develop into mature (focal) adhesions and how mechanical forces influence this process. Given the small size, dynamic nature and short lifetimes of nascent adhesions, studying them using conventional microscopic and experimental techniques is challenging. Computational modelling provides a valuable resource for simulating and exploring various "what if?" scenarios in silico and identifying key molecular components and mechanisms for further investigation. Here, we present a simplified mechano-chemical model based on ordinary differential equations with three major proteins involved in adhesions: integrins, talin and vinculin. Additionally, we incorporate a hypothetical signal molecule that influences adhesion (dis)assembly rates. We find that assembly and disassembly rates need to vary dynamically to limit maturation of nascent adhesions. The model predicts biphasic variation of actin retrograde velocity and maturation fraction with substrate stiffness, with maturation fractions between 18-35%, optimal stiffness of ∼1 pN/nm, and a mechanosensitive range of 1-100 pN/nm, all corresponding to key experimental findings. Sensitivity analyses show robustness of outcomes to small changes in parameter values, allowing model tuning to reflect specific cell types and signaling cascades. The model proposes that signal-dependent disassembly rate variations play an underappreciated role in maturation fraction regulation, which should be investigated further. We also provide predictions on the changes in traction force generation under increased/decreased vinculin concentrations, complementing previous vinculin overexpression/knockout experiments in different cell types. In summary, this work proposes a model framework to robustly simulate the mechanochemical processes underlying adhesion maturation and maintenance, thereby enhancing our fundamental knowledge of cell-ECM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailas Shankar Honasoge
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Zeynep Karagöz
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Haguy Wolfenson
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Vanessa L. S. LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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8
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Pisani F, Pisani V, Arcangeli F, Harding A, Singhrao SK. Treponema denticola Has the Potential to Cause Neurodegeneration in the Midbrain via the Periodontal Route of Infection-Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6049. [PMID: 37297653 PMCID: PMC10252855 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20116049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the most common example of dementia. The neuropathological features of AD are the abnormal deposition of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles with hyperphosphorylated tau protein. It is recognized that AD starts in the frontal cerebral cortex, and then it progresses to the entorhinal cortex, the hippocampus, and the rest of the brain. However, some studies on animals suggest that AD could also progress in the reverse order starting from the midbrain and then spreading to the frontal cortex. Spirochetes are neurotrophic: From a peripheral route of infection, they can reach the brain via the midbrain. Their direct and indirect effect via the interaction of their virulence factors and the microglia potentially leads to the host peripheral nerve, the midbrain (especially the locus coeruleus), and cortical damage. On this basis, this review aims to discuss the hypothesis of the ability of Treponema denticola to damage the peripheral axons in the periodontal ligament, to evade the complemental pathway and microglial immune response, to determine the cytoskeletal impairment and therefore causing the axonal transport disruption, an altered mitochondrial migration and the consequent neuronal apoptosis. Further insights about the central neurodegeneration mechanism and Treponema denticola's resistance to the immune response when aggregated in biofilm and its quorum sensing are suggested as a pathogenetic model for the advanced stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Pisani
- Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Valerio Pisani
- IRCCS, “Santa Lucia” Foundation, Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Arcangeli
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale ASLRM1, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Geriatric Department, Advanced Centre for Dementia and Cognitive Disorders, Via Emilio Morosini, 30, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Harding
- Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Simarjit Kaur Singhrao
- Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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9
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Rajan S, Kudryashov DS, Reisler E. Actin Bundles Dynamics and Architecture. Biomolecules 2023; 13:450. [PMID: 36979385 PMCID: PMC10046292 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells use the actin cytoskeleton for many of their functions, including their division, adhesion, mechanosensing, endo- and phagocytosis, migration, and invasion. Actin bundles are the main constituent of actin-rich structures involved in these processes. An ever-increasing number of proteins that crosslink actin into bundles or regulate their morphology is being identified in cells. With recent advances in high-resolution microscopy and imaging techniques, the complex process of bundles formation and the multiple forms of physiological bundles are beginning to be better understood. Here, we review the physiochemical and biological properties of four families of highly conserved and abundant actin-bundling proteins, namely, α-actinin, fimbrin/plastin, fascin, and espin. We describe the similarities and differences between these proteins, their role in the formation of physiological actin bundles, and their properties-both related and unrelated to their bundling abilities. We also review some aspects of the general mechanism of actin bundles formation, which are known from the available information on the activity of the key actin partners involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeepa Rajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dmitri S. Kudryashov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Emil Reisler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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10
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Linder S, Cervero P, Eddy R, Condeelis J. Mechanisms and roles of podosomes and invadopodia. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:86-106. [PMID: 36104625 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell invasion into the surrounding extracellular matrix or across tissue boundaries and endothelial barriers occurs in both physiological and pathological scenarios such as immune surveillance or cancer metastasis. Podosomes and invadopodia, collectively called 'invadosomes', are actin-based structures that drive the proteolytic invasion of cells, by forming highly regulated platforms for the localized release of lytic enzymes that degrade the matrix. Recent advances in high-resolution microscopy techniques, in vivo imaging and high-throughput analyses have led to considerable progress in understanding mechanisms of invadosomes, revealing the intricate inner architecture of these structures, as well as their growing repertoire of functions that extends well beyond matrix degradation. In this Review, we discuss the known functions, architecture and regulatory mechanisms of podosomes and invadopodia. In particular, we describe the molecular mechanisms of localized actin turnover and microtubule-based cargo delivery, with a special focus on matrix-lytic enzymes that enable proteolytic invasion. Finally, we point out topics that should become important in the invadosome field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Pasquale Cervero
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Eddy
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Condeelis
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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LACTB suppresses migration and invasion of glioblastoma via downregulating RHOC/Cofilin signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 629:17-25. [PMID: 36088805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant tumor in human brain. High invasiveness of this tumor is the main reason causing treatment failure and recurrence. Previous study has found that LACTB is a novel tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Moreover, the function of LACTB in other tumors and mechanisms involving LACTB were also reported. However, the role and relevant mechanisms of LACTB in GBM invasion remains to be revealed. Our aim is to investigate the role LACTB in GBM migration and invasion. We found that LACTB was downregulated in gliomas compared to normal brain tissues. Overexpression of LACTB suppressed migration and invasion of LN229 and U87 cell lines. Mechanistically, LACTB overexpression downregulated the mesenchymal markers. Moreover, LACTB overexpression downregulated the expression of RHOC and inhibited RHOC/Cofilin signaling pathway. The study suggests that LACTB suppresses migration and invasion of GBM cell lines via downregulating RHOC/Cofilin signaling pathway. These findings suggest that LACTB may be a potential treatment target of GBM.
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12
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Rotshenker S. Galectin-3 (MAC-2) controls phagocytosis and macropinocytosis through intracellular and extracellular mechanisms. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:949079. [PMID: 36274989 PMCID: PMC9581057 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.949079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3; formally named MAC-2) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin. Various cell types produce Gal-3 under either normal conditions and/or pathological conditions. Gal-3 can be present in cells' nuclei and cytoplasm, secreted from producing cells, and associated with cells' plasma membranes. This review focuses on how Gal-3 controls phagocytosis and macropinocytosis. Intracellular and extracellular Gal-3 promotes the phagocytosis of phagocytic targets/cargo (e.g., tissue debris and apoptotic cells) in “professional phagocytes” (e.g., microglia and macrophages) and “non-professional phagocytes” (e.g., Schwann cells and astrocytes). Intracellularly, Gal-3 promotes phagocytosis by controlling the “eat me” signaling pathways that phagocytic receptors generate, directing the cytoskeleton to produce the mechanical forces that drive the structural changes on which phagocytosis depends, protrusion and then retraction of filopodia and lamellipodia as they, respectively, engulf and then internalize phagocytic targets. Extracellularly, Gal-3 promotes phagocytosis by functioning as an opsonin, linking phagocytic targets to phagocytic receptors, activating them to generate the “eat me” signaling pathways. Macropinocytosis is a non-selective endocytic mechanism that various cells use to internalize the bulk of extracellular fluid and included materials/cargo (e.g., dissolved nutrients, proteins, and pathogens). Extracellular and intracellular Gal-3 control macropinocytosis in some types of cancer. Phagocytosed and macropinocytosed targets/cargo that reach lysosomes for degradation may rupture lysosomal membranes. Damaged lysosomal membranes undergo either repair or removal by selective autophagy (i.e., lysophagy) that intracellular Gal-3 controls.
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13
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Zieliński T, Pabijan J, Zapotoczny B, Zemła J, Wesołowska J, Pera J, Lekka M. Changes in nanomechanical properties of single neuroblastoma cells as a model for oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Sci Rep 2022; 12:16276. [PMID: 36175469 PMCID: PMC9523022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although complex, the biological processes underlying ischemic stroke are better known than those related to biomechanical alterations of single cells. Mechanisms of biomechanical changes and their relations to the molecular processes are crucial for understanding the function and dysfunction of the brain. In our study, we applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) to quantify the alterations in biomechanical properties in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and reoxygenation (RO). Obtained results reveal several characteristics. Cell viability remained at the same level, regardless of the OGD and RO conditions, but, in parallel, the metabolic activity of cells decreased with OGD duration. 24 h RO did not recover the metabolic activity fully. Cells subjected to OGD appeared softer than control cells. Cell softening was strongly present in cells after 1 h of OGD and with longer OGD duration, and in RO conditions, cells recovered their mechanical properties. Changes in the nanomechanical properties of cells were attributed to the remodelling of actin filaments, which was related to cofilin-based regulation and impaired metabolic activity of cells. The presented study shows the importance of nanomechanics in research on ischemic-related pathological processes such as stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Zieliński
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Pabijan
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Zapotoczny
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Zemła
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland
| | - Julita Wesołowska
- Laboratory of in Vivo and in Vitro Imaging, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Pera
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Botaniczna 3, 31503, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lekka
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland.
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14
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Abdellatef S, Fakhoury I, Al Haddad M, Jaafar L, Maalouf H, Hanna S, Khalil B, El Masri Z, Hodgson L, El-Sibai M. StarD13 negatively regulates invadopodia formation and invasion in high-grade serous (HGS) ovarian adenocarcinoma cells by inhibiting Cdc42. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151197. [PMID: 34958986 PMCID: PMC8756770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2021.151197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis remains the main challenge to overcome for treating ovarian cancers. In this study, we investigate the potential role of the Cdc42 GAP StarD13 in the modulation of cell motility, invasion in ovarian cancer cells. StarD13 depletion does not affect the 2D motility of ovarian cancer cells. More importantly, StarD13 inhibits matrix degradation, invadopodia formation and cell invasion through the inhibition of Cdc42. StarD13 does not localize to mature TKS4-labeled invadopodia that possess matrix degradation ability, while a Cdc42 FRET biosensor, detects Cdc42 activation in these invadopodia. In fact, StarD13 localization and Cdc42 activation appear mutually exclusive in invadopodial structures. Finally, for the first time we uncover a potential role of Cdc42 in the direct recruitment of TKS4 to invadopodia. This study emphasizes the specific role of StarD13 as a narrow spatial regulator of Cdc42, inhibiting invasion, suggesting the suitability of StarD13 for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Abdellatef
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Isabelle Fakhoury
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maria Al Haddad
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Leila Jaafar
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiba Maalouf
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samer Hanna
- Department of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology division, Weill Cornell Medicine, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Bassem Khalil
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Zeinab El Masri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Park, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mirvat El-Sibai
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon,Correspondence to: Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box: 13-5053, Chouran 1102 2801, Beirut, Lebanon. (M. El-Sibai)
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15
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Aihara S, Fujimoto S, Sakaguchi R, Imai T. BMPR-2 gates activity-dependent stabilization of primary dendrites during mitral cell remodeling. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109276. [PMID: 34161760 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing neurons initially form excessive neurites and then remodel them based on molecular cues and neuronal activity. Developing mitral cells in the olfactory bulb initially extend multiple primary dendrites. They then stabilize single primary dendrites while eliminating others. However, the mechanisms underlying selective dendrite remodeling remain elusive. Using CRISPR-Cas9-based knockout screening combined with in utero electroporation, we identify BMPR-2 as a key regulator for selective dendrite stabilization. Bmpr2 knockout and its rescue experiments show that BMPR-2 inhibits LIMK without ligands and thereby permits dendrite destabilization. In contrast, the overexpression of antagonists and agonists indicates that ligand-bound BMPR-2 stabilizes dendrites, most likely by releasing LIMK. Using genetic and FRET imaging experiments, we demonstrate that free LIMK is activated by NMDARs via Rac1, facilitating dendrite stabilization through F-actin formation. Thus, the selective stabilization of primary dendrites is ensured by concomitant inputs of BMP ligands and neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Aihara
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Sensory Circuit Formation, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Sensory Circuit Formation, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Richi Sakaguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Sensory Circuit Formation, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imai
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Sensory Circuit Formation, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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16
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Porro C, Pennella A, Panaro MA, Trotta T. Functional Role of Non-Muscle Myosin II in Microglia: An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136687. [PMID: 34206505 PMCID: PMC8267657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosins are a remarkable superfamily of actin-based motor proteins that use the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to translocate actin filaments and to produce force. Myosins are abundant in different types of tissues and involved in a large variety of cellular functions. Several classes of the myosin superfamily are expressed in the nervous system; among them, non-muscle myosin II (NM II) is expressed in both neurons and non-neuronal brain cells, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, endothelial cells, and microglia. In the nervous system, NM II modulates a variety of functions, such as vesicle transport, phagocytosis, cell migration, cell adhesion and morphology, secretion, transcription, and cytokinesis, as well as playing key roles during brain development, inflammation, repair, and myelination functions. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of recent emerging roles of NM II in resting and activated microglia cells, the principal regulators of immune processes in the central nervous system (CNS) in both physiological and pathological conditions. When stimulated, microglial cells react and produce a number of mediators, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, free radicals, and nitric oxide, that enhance inflammation and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibition of NM II could be a new therapeutic target to treat or to prevent CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Pennella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Teresa Trotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Store Operated Calcium Entry in Cell Migration and Cancer Metastasis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051246. [PMID: 34069353 PMCID: PMC8158756 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling is ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and modulates many cellular events including cell migration. Directional cell migration requires the polarization of both signaling and structural elements. This polarization is reflected in various Ca2+ signaling pathways that impinge on cell movement. In particular, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) plays important roles in regulating cell movement at both the front and rear of migrating cells. SOCE represents a predominant Ca2+ influx pathway in non-excitable cells, which are the primary migrating cells in multicellular organisms. In this review, we summarize the role of Ca2+ signaling in cell migration with a focus on SOCE and its diverse functions in migrating cells and cancer metastasis. SOCE has been implicated in regulating focal adhesion turnover in a polarized fashion and the mechanisms involved are beginning to be elucidated. However, SOCE is also involved is other aspects of cell migration with a less well-defined mechanistic understanding. Therefore, much remains to be learned regarding the role and regulation of SOCE in migrating cells.
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18
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Naffa R, Padányi R, Ignácz A, Hegyi Z, Jezsó B, Tóth S, Varga K, Homolya L, Hegedűs L, Schlett K, Enyedi A. The Plasma Membrane Ca 2+ Pump PMCA4b Regulates Melanoma Cell Migration through Remodeling of the Actin Cytoskeleton. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061354. [PMID: 33802790 PMCID: PMC8002435 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Earlier we demonstrated that the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump PMCA4b inhibits migration and metastatic activity of BRAF mutant melanoma cells, however, the exact mechanism has not been fully understood. Here we demonstrate that PMCA4b acted through actin cytoskeleton remodeling in generating a low migratory melanoma cell phenotype resulting in increased cell–cell connections, lamellipodia and stress fiber formation. Both proper trafficking and calcium transporting activity of the pump were essential to complete these tasks indicating that controlling Ca2+ concentration levels at specific plasma membrane locations such as the cell front played a role. Our findings suggest that PMCA4b downregulation is likely one of the mechanisms that leads to the perturbed cancer cell cytoskeleton organization resulting in enhanced melanoma cell migration and metastasis. Abstract We demonstrated that the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase PMCA4b inhibits migration and metastatic activity of BRAF mutant melanoma cells. Actin dynamics are essential for cells to move, invade and metastasize, therefore, we hypothesized that PMCA4b affected cell migration through remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. We found that expression of PMCA4b in A375 BRAF mutant melanoma cells induced a profound change in cell shape, cell culture morphology, and displayed a polarized migratory character. Along with these changes the cells became more rounded with increased cell–cell connections, lamellipodia and stress fiber formation. Silencing PMCA4b in MCF-7 breast cancer cells had a similar effect, resulting in a dramatic loss of stress fibers. In addition, the PMCA4b expressing A375 cells maintained front-to-rear Ca2+ concentration gradient with the actin severing protein cofilin localizing to the lamellipodia, and preserved the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton from a destructive Ca2+ overload. We showed that both PMCA4b activity and trafficking were essential for the observed morphology and motility changes. In conclusion, our data suggest that PMCA4b plays a critical role in adopting front-to-rear polarity in a normally spindle-shaped cell type through F-actin rearrangement resulting in a less aggressive melanoma cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Naffa
- Department of Transfusiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (R.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Rita Padányi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Attila Ignácz
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Zoltán Hegyi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudosok krt.2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.); (B.J.); (L.H.)
| | - Bálint Jezsó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudosok krt.2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.); (B.J.); (L.H.)
| | - Sarolta Tóth
- Department of Transfusiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (R.N.); (S.T.)
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - László Homolya
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudosok krt.2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.); (B.J.); (L.H.)
| | - Luca Hegedűs
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University Clinic Essen, 45239 Essen, Germany;
| | - Katalin Schlett
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Agnes Enyedi
- Department of Transfusiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (R.N.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Masi I, Caprara V, Bagnato A, Rosanò L. Tumor Cellular and Microenvironmental Cues Controlling Invadopodia Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:584181. [PMID: 33178698 PMCID: PMC7593604 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.584181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the metastatic progression, invading cells might achieve degradation and subsequent invasion into the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the underlying vasculature using invadopodia, F-actin-based and force-supporting protrusive membrane structures, operating focalized proteolysis. Their formation is a dynamic process requiring the combined and synergistic activity of ECM-modifying proteins with cellular receptors, and the interplay with factors from the tumor microenvironment (TME). Significant advances have been made in understanding how invadopodia are assembled and how they progress in degradative protrusions, as well as their disassembly, and the cooperation between cellular signals and ECM conditions governing invadopodia formation and activity, holding promise to translation into the identification of molecular targets for therapeutic interventions. These findings have revealed the existence of biochemical and mechanical interactions not only between the actin cores of invadopodia and specific intracellular structures, including the cell nucleus, the microtubular network, and vesicular trafficking players, but also with elements of the TME, such as stromal cells, ECM components, mechanical forces, and metabolic conditions. These interactions reflect the complexity and intricate regulation of invadopodia and suggest that many aspects of their formation and function remain to be determined. In this review, we will provide a brief description of invadopodia and tackle the most recent findings on their regulation by cellular signaling as well as by inputs from the TME. The identification and interplay between these inputs will offer a deeper mechanistic understanding of cell invasion during the metastatic process and will help the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Masi
- Unit of Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Caprara
- Unit of Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Bagnato
- Unit of Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Rosanò
- Unit of Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Rome, Italy
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20
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Leverrier-Penna S, Destaing O, Penna A. Insights and perspectives on calcium channel functions in the cockpit of cancerous space invaders. Cell Calcium 2020; 90:102251. [PMID: 32683175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Development of metastasis causes the most serious clinical consequences of cancer and is responsible for over 90 % of cancer-related deaths. Hence, a better understanding of the mechanisms that drive metastasis formation appears critical for drug development designed to prevent the spread of cancer and related mortality. Metastasis dissemination is a multistep process supported by the increased motility and invasiveness capacities of tumor cells. To succeed in overcoming the mechanical constraints imposed by the basement membrane and surrounding tissues, cancer cells reorganize their focal adhesions or extend acto-adhesive cellular protrusions, called invadosomes, that can both contact the extracellular matrix and tune its degradation through metalloprotease activity. Over the last decade, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that altered Ca2+ channel activities and/or expression promote tumor cell-specific phenotypic changes, such as exacerbated migration and invasion capacities, leading to metastasis formation. While several studies have addressed the molecular basis of Ca2+ channel-dependent cancer cell migration, we are still far from having a comprehensive vision of the Ca2+ channel-regulated mechanisms of migration/invasion. This is especially true regarding the specific context of invadosome-driven invasion. This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence supporting a central role for Ca2+ channel-dependent signaling in the regulation of these dynamic degradative structures. It will present available data on the few Ca2+ channels that have been studied in that specific context and discuss some potential interesting actors that have not been fully explored yet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Destaing
- Institute for Advanced BioSciences, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Institut Albert Bonniot, University Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France.
| | - Aubin Penna
- STIM, CNRS ERL7003, University of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France.
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21
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Bisaria A, Hayer A, Garbett D, Cohen D, Meyer T. Membrane-proximal F-actin restricts local membrane protrusions and directs cell migration. Science 2020; 368:1205-1210. [PMID: 32527825 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay7794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is driven by local membrane protrusion through directed polymerization of F-actin at the front. However, F-actin next to the plasma membrane also tethers the membrane and thus resists outgoing protrusions. Here, we developed a fluorescent reporter to monitor changes in the density of membrane-proximal F-actin (MPA) during membrane protrusion and cell migration. Unlike the total F-actin concentration, which was high in the front of migrating cells, MPA density was low in the front and high in the back. Back-to-front MPA density gradients were controlled by higher cofilin-mediated turnover of F-actin in the front. Furthermore, nascent membrane protrusions selectively extended outward from areas where MPA density was reduced. Thus, locally low MPA density directs local membrane protrusions and stabilizes cell polarization during cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Bisaria
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Arnold Hayer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Damien Garbett
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Cohen
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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22
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Malek N, Mrówczyńska E, Michrowska A, Mazurkiewicz E, Pavlyk I, Mazur AJ. Knockout of ACTB and ACTG1 with CRISPR/Cas9(D10A) Technique Shows that Non-Muscle β and γ Actin Are Not Equal in Relation to Human Melanoma Cells' Motility and Focal Adhesion Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082746. [PMID: 32326615 PMCID: PMC7216121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-muscle actins have been studied for many decades; however, the reason for the existence of both isoforms is still unclear. Here we show, for the first time, a successful inactivation of the ACTB (CRISPR clones with inactivated ACTB, CR-ACTB) and ACTG1 (CRISPR clones with inactivated ACTG1, CR-ACTG1) genes in human melanoma cells (A375) via the RNA-guided D10A mutated Cas9 nuclease gene editing [CRISPR/Cas9(D10A)] technique. This approach allowed us to evaluate how melanoma cell motility was impacted by the lack of either β actin coded by ACTB or γ actin coded by ACTG1. First, we observed different distributions of β and γ actin in the cells, and the absence of one actin isoform was compensated for via increased expression of the other isoform. Moreover, we noted that γ actin knockout had more severe consequences on cell migration and invasion than β actin knockout. Next, we observed that the formation rate of bundled stress fibers in CR-ACTG1 cells was increased, but lamellipodial activity in these cells was impaired, compared to controls. Finally, we discovered that the formation rate of focal adhesions (FAs) and, subsequently, FA-dependent signaling were altered in both the CR-ACTB and CR-ACTG1 clones; however, a more detrimental effect was observed for γ actin-deficient cells. Our research shows that both non-muscle actins play distinctive roles in melanoma cells’ FA formation and motility.
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23
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Ikeno T, Konishi Y. Arp2/3 Is Required for Axonal Arbor Terminal Retraction in Cerebellar Granule Neurons. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712420010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Castillo L, Young AIJ, Mawson A, Schafranek P, Steinmann AM, Nessem D, Parkin A, Johns A, Chou A, Law AMK, Lucas MC, Murphy KJ, Deng N, Gallego-Ortega D, Caldon CE, Timpson P, Pajic M, Ormandy CJ, Oakes SR. MCL-1 antagonism enhances the anti-invasive effects of dasatinib in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2020; 39:1821-1829. [PMID: 31735913 PMCID: PMC7033042 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest malignancies. It is phenotypically heterogeneous with a highly unstable genome and provides few common therapeutic targets. We found that MCL1, Cofilin1 (CFL1) and SRC mRNA were highly expressed by a wide range of these cancers, suggesting that a strategy of dual MCL-1 and SRC inhibition might be efficacious for many patients. Immunohistochemistry revealed that MCL-1 protein was present at high levels in 94.7% of patients in a cohort of PDACs from Australian Pancreatic Genome Initiative (APGI). High MCL1 and Cofilin1 mRNA expression was also strongly predictive of poor outcome in the TCGA dataset and in the APGI cohort. In culture, MCL-1 antagonism reduced the level of the cytoskeletal remodeling protein Cofilin1 and phosphorylated SRC on the active Y416 residue, suggestive of reduced invasive capacity. The MCL-1 antagonist S63845 synergized with the SRC kinase inhibitor dasatinib to reduce cell viability and invasiveness through 3D-organotypic matrices. In preclinical murine models, this combination reduced primary tumor growth and liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer xenografts. These data suggest that MCL-1 antagonism, while reducing cell viability, may have an additional benefit in increasing the antimetastatic efficacy of dasatinib for the treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Castillo
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Adelaide I J Young
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Amanda Mawson
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Pia Schafranek
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Angela M Steinmann
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Danielle Nessem
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Parkin
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Amber Johns
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, 384 Victoria Street, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Angela Chou
- University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew M K Law
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Morghan C Lucas
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kendelle J Murphy
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Niantao Deng
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, 384 Victoria Street, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - David Gallego-Ortega
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, 384 Victoria Street, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Catherine E Caldon
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, 384 Victoria Street, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, 384 Victoria Street, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, 384 Victoria Street, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher J Ormandy
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, 384 Victoria Street, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Samantha R Oakes
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, 384 Victoria Street, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Contractile myosin rings and cofilin-mediated actin disassembly orchestrate ECM nanotopography sensing. Biomaterials 2020; 232:119683. [PMID: 31927180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The nanotopography and nanoscale geometry of the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) are important regulators of cell adhesion, motility and fate decision. However, unlike the sensing of matrix mechanics and ECM density, the molecular processes regulating the direct sensing of the ECM nanotopography and nanoscale geometry are not well understood. Here, we use nanotopographical patterns generated via electrospun nanofibre lithography (ENL) to investigate the mechanisms of nanotopography sensing by cells. We observe the dysregulation of actin dynamics, resulting in the surprising formation of actin foci. This alteration of actin organisation is regulated by myosin contractility but independent of adapter proteins such as vinculin. This process is highly dependent on differential integrin expression as β3 integrin expressing cells, more sensitive to nanopattern dimensions than β1 integrin expressing cells, also display increased perturbation of actin assembly and actin foci formation. We propose that, in β3 integrin expressing cells, contractility results in the destabilisation of nanopatterned actin networks, collapsing into foci and sequestering regulators of actin dynamics such as cofilin that orchestrate disassembly. Therefore, in contrast to the sensing of substrate mechanics and ECM ligand density, which are directly orchestrated by focal adhesion assembly, we propose that nanotopography sensing is regulated by a long-range sensing mechanism, remote from focal adhesions and mediated by the actin architecture.
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Dendritic Spines in Alzheimer's Disease: How the Actin Cytoskeleton Contributes to Synaptic Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030908. [PMID: 32019166 PMCID: PMC7036943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by Aβ-driven synaptic dysfunction in the early phases of pathogenesis. In the synaptic context, the actin cytoskeleton is a crucial element to maintain the dendritic spine architecture and to orchestrate the spine’s morphology remodeling driven by synaptic activity. Indeed, spine shape and synaptic strength are strictly correlated and precisely governed during plasticity phenomena in order to convert short-term alterations of synaptic strength into long-lasting changes that are embedded in stable structural modification. These functional and structural modifications are considered the biological basis of learning and memory processes. In this review we discussed the existing evidence regarding the role of the spine actin cytoskeleton in AD synaptic failure. We revised the physiological function of the actin cytoskeleton in the spine shaping and the contribution of actin dynamics in the endocytosis mechanism. The internalization process is implicated in different aspects of AD since it controls both glutamate receptor membrane levels and amyloid generation. The detailed understanding of the mechanisms controlling the actin cytoskeleton in a unique biological context as the dendritic spine could pave the way to the development of innovative synapse-tailored therapeutic interventions and to the identification of novel biomarkers to monitor synaptic loss in AD.
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27
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Optogenetic control of cofilin and αTAT in living cells using Z-lock. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:1183-1190. [PMID: 31740825 PMCID: PMC6873228 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here we introduce Z-lock, an optogenetic approach for reversible, light-controlled steric inhibition of protein active sites. The LOV domain and Zdk, a small protein that binds LOV selectively in the dark, are appended to the protein of interest where they sterically block the active site. Irradiation causes LOV to change conformation and release Zdk, exposing the active site. Computer-assisted protein design was used to optimize linkers and Zdk-LOV affinity, for both effective binding in the dark, and effective light-induced release of the intramolecular interaction. Z-lock cofilin was shown to have actin severing ability in vitro, and in living cancer cells it produced protrusions and invadopodia. An active fragment of the tubulin acetylase αTAT was similarly modified and shown to acetylate tubulin upon irradiation.
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28
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Chaki SP, Barhoumi R, Rivera GM. Nck adapter proteins promote podosome biogenesis facilitating extracellular matrix degradation and cancer invasion. Cancer Med 2019; 8:7385-7398. [PMID: 31638742 PMCID: PMC6885876 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Podosomes are membrane‐bound adhesive structures formed by actin remodeling. They are capable of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, which is a prerequisite for cancer cell invasion and metastasis. The signaling mechanism of podosome formation is still unknown in cancer. We previously reported that Nck adaptors regulate directional cell migration and endothelial lumen formation by actin remodeling, while deficiency of Nck reduces cancer metastasis. This study evaluated the role of Nck adaptors in podosome biogenesis and cancer invasion. Methods This study was conducted in vitro using both healthy cells (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell, 3T3 fibroblasts) and cancer cells (prostate cancer cell line; PC3, breast cancer cell line; MDA‐MB‐231). Confocal and TIRF imaging of cells expressing Green Fluorescence Protein (GFP) mutant under altered levels of Nck or downstream of kinase 1 (Dok1) was used to evaluate the podosome formation and fluorescent gelatin matrix degradation. Levels of Nck in human breast carcinoma tissue sections were detected by immune histochemistry using Nck polyclonal antibody. Biochemical interaction of Nck/Dok1 was detected in podosome forming cells using immune precipitation and far‐western blotting. Results This study demonstrates that ectopic expression of Nck1 and Nck2 can induce the endothelial podosome formation in vitro. Nck silencing by short‐hairpin RNA blocked podosome biogenesis and ECM degradation in cSrc‐Y530F transformed endothelial cells in this study. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the Nck overexpression in human breast carcinoma tissue sections. Immunoprecipitation and far‐western blotting revealed the biochemical interaction of Nck/p62Dok in podosome forming cells. Conclusions Nck adaptors in interaction with Dok1 induce podosome biogenesis and ECM degradation facilitating cancer cell invasion, and therefore a bona fide target of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar P Chaki
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rola Barhoumi
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gonzalo M Rivera
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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29
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Zhang XF, Ajeti V, Tsai N, Fereydooni A, Burns W, Murrell M, De La Cruz EM, Forscher P. Regulation of axon growth by myosin II-dependent mechanocatalysis of cofilin activity. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2329-2349. [PMID: 31123185 PMCID: PMC6605792 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201810054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergism between myosin II contractility and cofilin activity modulates serotonin-dependent axon growth. Normally, cofilin-dependent decreases in actin density are compensated by increases in point contact density and traction force; however, myosin hyperactivation leads to catastrophic decreases in actin network density and neurite retraction. Serotonin (5-HT) is known to increase the rate of growth cone advance via cofilin-dependent increases in retrograde actin network flow and nonmuscle myosin II activity. We report that myosin II activity is regulated by PKC during 5-HT responses and that PKC activity is necessary for increases in traction force normally associated with these growth responses. 5-HT simultaneously induces cofilin-dependent decreases in actin network density and PKC-dependent increases in point contact density. These reciprocal effects facilitate increases in traction force production in domains exhibiting decreased actin network density. Interestingly, when PKC activity was up-regulated, 5-HT treatments resulted in myosin II hyperactivation accompanied by catastrophic cofilin-dependent decreases in actin filament density, sudden decreases in traction force, and neurite retraction. These results reveal a synergistic relationship between cofilin and myosin II that is spatiotemporally regulated in the growth cone via mechanocatalytic effects to modulate neurite growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Visar Ajeti
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Nicole Tsai
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, CA
| | - Arash Fereydooni
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - William Burns
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael Murrell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Enrique M De La Cruz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Paul Forscher
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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30
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Reichert F, Rotshenker S. Galectin-3 (MAC-2) Controls Microglia Phenotype Whether Amoeboid and Phagocytic or Branched and Non-phagocytic by Regulating the Cytoskeleton. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:90. [PMID: 30930748 PMCID: PMC6427835 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin surrounding central nervous system (CNS) axons breaks down in multiple sclerosis (MS) and following traumatic axonal injury. Myelin-debris so produced is harmful to repair since it impedes remyelination in MS and the regeneration of traumatized axons. These devastating outcomes are largely due to inefficient removal by phagocytosis of myelin-debris by microglia. Therefore, revealing mechanisms that control phagocytosis is vital. We previously showed that in phagocytosis, filopodia and lamellipodia extend/engulf and then retract/internalize myelin-debris. Moreover, cofilin activates phagocytosis by advancing the remodeling of actin filaments (i.e., existing filaments disassemble and new filaments assemble in a new configuration), causing filopodia/lamellipodia to protrude, and furthermore, Galectin-3 (formally named MAC-2) activates phagocytosis by enhancing K-Ras.GTP/PI3K signaling that leads to actin/myosin-based contraction, causing filopodia/lamellipodia to retract. To understand further how Galectin-3 controls phagocytosis we knocked-down (KD) Galectin-3 expression in cultured primary microglia using Galectin-3 small-hairpin RNA (Gal-3-shRNA). KD Galectin-3 protein levels reduced phagocytosis extensively. Further, inhibiting nucleolin (NCL) and nucleophosmin (NPM), which advance K-Ras signaling as does Galectin-3, also reduced phagocytosis. Strikingly and unexpectedly, knocking down Galectin-3 resulted in a dramatic transformation of microglia morphology from “amoeboid-like” to “branched-like,” rearrangement of actin filaments and inactivation of cofilin. Thus, Galectin-3 may control microglia morphology and phagocytosis by regulating the activation state of cofilin, which, in turn, affects how actin filaments organize and how stable they are. Furthermore, our current and previous findings together suggest that Galectin-3 activates phagocytosis by targeting the cytoskeleton twice: first, by advancing cofilin activation, causing filopodia/lamellipodia to extend/engulf myelin-debris. Second, by advancing actin/myosin-based contraction through K-Ras.GTP/PI3K signaling, causing filopodia/lamellipodia to retract/internalize myelin-debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Reichert
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shlomo Rotshenker
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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31
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Cheng HW, Hsiao CT, Chen YQ, Huang CM, Chan SI, Chiou A, Kuo JC. Centrosome guides spatial activation of Rac to control cell polarization and directed cell migration. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/1/e201800135. [PMID: 30737247 PMCID: PMC6369537 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The centrosome acts as a controller by balancing the formation of centrosomal and acentrosomal microtubules, the modulation of focal adhesion signaling and the activation of local Rac1 at the cell front, which then coordinates cell polarization during directed cell migration. Directed cell migration requires centrosome-mediated cell polarization and dynamical control of focal adhesions (FAs). To examine how FAs cooperate with centrosomes for directed cell migration, we used centrosome-deficient cells and found that loss of centrosomes enhanced the formation of acentrosomal microtubules, which failed to form polarized structures in wound-edge cells. In acentrosomal cells, we detected higher levels of Rac1-guanine nucleotide exchange factor TRIO (Triple Functional Domain Protein) on microtubules and FAs. Acentrosomal microtubules deliver TRIO to FAs for Rac1 regulation. Indeed, centrosome disruption induced excessive Rac1 activation around the cell periphery via TRIO, causing rapid FA turnover, a disorganized actin meshwork, randomly protruding lamellipodia, and loss of cell polarity. This study reveals the importance of centrosomes to balance the assembly of centrosomal and acentrosomal microtubules and to deliver microtubule-associated TRIO proteins to FAs at the cell front for proper spatial activation of Rac1, FA turnover, lamillipodial protrusion, and cell polarization, thereby allowing directed cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Te Hsiao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Quan Chen
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Seng-I Chan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arthur Chiou
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jean-Cheng Kuo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan .,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Li J, Yin W, Jing Y, Kang D, Yang L, Cheng J, Yu Z, Peng Z, Li X, Wen Y, Sun X, Ren B, Liu C. The Coordination Between B Cell Receptor Signaling and the Actin Cytoskeleton During B Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3096. [PMID: 30687315 PMCID: PMC6333714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell activation plays a crucial part in the immune system and is initiated via interaction between the B cell receptor (BCR) and specific antigens. In recent years with the help of modern imaging techniques, it was found that the cortical actin cytoskeleton changes dramatically during B-cell activation. In this review, we discuss how actin-cytoskeleton reorganization regulates BCR signaling in different stages of B-cell activation, specifically when stimulated by antigens, and also how this reorganization is mediated by BCR signaling molecules. Abnormal BCR signaling is associated with the progression of lymphoma and immunological diseases including autoimmune disorders, and recent studies have proved that impaired actin cytoskeleton can devastate the normal activation of B cells. Therefore, to figure out the coordination between the actin cytoskeleton and BCR signaling may reveal an underlying mechanism of B-cell activation, which has potential for new treatments for B-cell associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yukai Jing
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danqing Kang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze Yu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zican Peng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingbo Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Wen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xizi Sun
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Boxu Ren
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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33
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Markwell SM, Ammer AG, Interval ET, Allen JL, Papenberg BW, Hames RA, Castaño JE, Schafer DA, Weed SA. Cortactin Phosphorylation by Casein Kinase 2 Regulates Actin-Related Protein 2/3 Complex Activity, Invadopodia Function, and Tumor Cell Invasion. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:987-1001. [PMID: 30610108 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malregulation of the actin cytoskeleton enhances tumor cell motility and invasion. The actin-binding protein cortactin facilitates branched actin network formation through activation of the actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex. Increased cortactin expression due to gene amplification is observed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and other cancers, corresponding with elevated tumor progression and poor patient outcome. Arp2/3 complex activation is responsible for driving increased migration and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation by governing invadopodia formation and activity. Although cortactin-mediated activation of Arp2/3 complex and invadopodia regulation has been well established, signaling pathways responsible for governing cortactin binding to Arp2/3 are unknown and potentially present a new avenue for anti-invasive therapeutic targeting. Here we identify casein kinase (CK) 2α phosphorylation of cortactin as a negative regulator of Arp2/3 binding. CK2α directly phosphorylates cortactin at a conserved threonine (T24) adjacent to the canonical Arp2/3 binding motif. Phosphorylation of cortactin T24 by CK2α impairs the ability of cortactin to bind Arp2/3 and activate actin nucleation. Decreased invadopodia activity is observed in HNSCC cells with expression of CK2α phosphorylation-null cortactin mutants, shRNA-mediated CK2α knockdown, and with the CK2α inhibitor Silmitasertib. Silmitasertib inhibits HNSCC collective invasion in tumor spheroids and orthotopic tongue tumors in mice. Collectively these data suggest that CK2α-mediated cortactin phosphorylation at T24 is critical in regulating cortactin binding to Arp2/3 complex and pro-invasive activity, identifying a potential targetable mechanism for impairing HNSCC invasion. IMPLICATIONS: This study identifies a new signaling pathway that contributes to enhancing cancer cell invasion.Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/17/4/987/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Markwell
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Amanda G Ammer
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Erik T Interval
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jessica L Allen
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Brenen W Papenberg
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - River A Hames
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Johnathan E Castaño
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Dorothy A Schafer
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Scott A Weed
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
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35
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Baker TM, Waheed S, Syed V. RNA interference screening identifies clathrin-B and cofilin-1 as mediators of MT1-MMP in endometrial cancer. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:663-670. [PMID: 30036538 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis. Given their multiple tumor promoting roles, MMPs are promising targets for the treatment of metastatic cancer. Using a siRNA library screen of 140 membrane trafficking genes, we identified 41 genes in HEC-1B and 36 in Ishikawa cancer cells that decreased metalloproteinases activity. The 16 genes common in both cancer cell lines that decreased MMPs activity are involved in cargo sorting, vesicle formation and vesicle recycling. The top two genes clathrin-B and cofilin-1 were chosen for post hoc functional studies. Higher expression of both genes was confirmed in cancer cells and knockdown with respective siRNAs inhibited their invasive potential and matrix metalloproteinases activity. Membrane Type 1- Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is a master switch proteinase and regulator of invasion and metastasis. A marked decrease in MT1-MMP expression and activity was seen in clathrin-B and cofilin-1 knockdown cancer cells which was associated with a marked decreased expression of invadopodia formation proteins. Our results suggest that the decreased expression of clathrin-B and cofilin-1 decreases the expression of MT1-MMP and results in attenuation of MT1-MMP at the cell surface, thus inhibiting tumor cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabari M Baker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sana Waheed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Viqar Syed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States; John P. Murtha Cancer Center at Water Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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36
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Coumans JVF, Davey RJ, Moens PDJ. Cofilin and profilin: partners in cancer aggressiveness. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1323-1335. [PMID: 30027463 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers aspects of cofilin and profilin regulations and their influence on actin polymerisation responsible for cell motility and metastasis. The regulation of their activity by phosphorylation and nitration, miRs, PI(4,5)P2 binding, pH, oxidative stress and post-translational modification is described. In this review, we have highlighted selected similarities, complementarities and differences between the two proteins and how their interplay affects actin filament dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle V F Coumans
- School of Rural Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Rhonda J Davey
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Pierre D J Moens
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
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37
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A High-Resolution Proteomic Landscaping of Primary Human Dental Stem Cells: Identification of SHED- and PDLSC-Specific Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010158. [PMID: 29304003 PMCID: PMC5796107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental stem cells (DSCs) have emerged as a promising tool for basic research and clinical practice. A variety of adult stem cell (ASC) populations can be isolated from different areas within the dental tissue, which, due to their cellular and molecular characteristics, could give rise to different outcomes when used in potential applications. In this study, we performed a high-throughput molecular comparison of two primary human adult dental stem cell (hADSC) sub-populations: Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHEDs) and Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (PDLSCs). A detailed proteomic mapping of SHEDs and PDLSCs, via employment of nano-LC tandem-mass spectrometry (MS/MS) revealed 2032 identified proteins in SHEDs and 3235 in PDLSCs. In total, 1516 proteins were expressed in both populations, while 517 were unique for SHEDs and 1721 were exclusively expressed in PDLSCs. Further analysis of the recorded proteins suggested that SHEDs predominantly expressed molecules that are involved in organizing the cytoskeletal network, cellular migration and adhesion, whereas PDLSCs are highly energy-producing cells, vastly expressing proteins that are implicated in various aspects of cell metabolism and proliferation. Applying the Rho-GDI signaling pathway as a paradigm, we propose potential biomarkers for SHEDs and for PDLSCs, reflecting their unique features, properties and engaged molecular pathways.
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Loh JT, Su IH. Post-translational modification-regulated leukocyte adhesion and migration. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37347-37360. [PMID: 26993608 PMCID: PMC5095081 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes undergo frequent phenotypic changes and rapidly infiltrate peripheral and lymphoid tissues in order to carry out immune responses. The recruitment of circulating leukocytes into inflamed tissues depends on integrin-mediated tethering and rolling of these cells on the vascular endothelium, followed by transmigration into the tissues. This dynamic process of migration requires the coordination of large numbers of cytosolic and transmembrane proteins whose functional activities are typically regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). Our recent studies have shown that the lysine methyltransferase, Ezh2, critically regulates integrin signalling and governs the adhesion dynamics of leukocytes via direct methylation of talin, a key molecule that controls these processes by linking integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. In this review, we will discuss the various modes of leukocyte migration and examine how PTMs of cytoskeletal/adhesion associated proteins play fundamental roles in the dynamic regulation of leukocyte migration. Furthermore, we will discuss molecular details of the adhesion dynamics controlled by Ezh2-mediated talin methylation and the potential implications of this novel regulatory mechanism for leukocyte migration, immune responses, and pathogenic processes, such as allergic contact dermatitis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tong Loh
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, Republic of Singapore
| | - I-Hsin Su
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, Republic of Singapore
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Young AI, Timpson P, Gallego-Ortega D, Ormandy CJ, Oakes SR. Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1), an unexpected modulator of protein kinase signaling during invasion. Cell Adh Migr 2017; 12:513-523. [PMID: 29166822 PMCID: PMC6363037 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2017.1393591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1), closely related to B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), has a well-established role in cell survival and has emerged as an important target for cancer therapeutics. We have demonstrated that inhibiting MCL-1 is efficacious in suppressing tumour progression in pre-clinical models of breast cancer and revealed that in addition to its role in cell survival, MCL-1 modulated cellular invasion. Utilizing a MCL-1-specific genetic antagonist, we found two possible mechanisms; firstly MCL-1 directly binds to and alters the phosphorylation of the cytoskeletal remodeling protein, Cofilin, a protein important for cytoskeletal remodeling during invasion, and secondly MCL-1 modulates the levels SRC family kinases (SFKs) and their targets. These data provide evidence that MCL-1 activities are not limited to endpoints of extracellular and intracellular signaling culminating in cell survival as previously thought, but can directly modulate the output of SRC family kinases signaling during cellular invasion. Here we review the pleotropic roles of MCL-1 and discuss the implications of this newly discovered effect on protein kinase signaling for the development of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Ij Young
- a Cancer Research Division , Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre , 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst , NSW , Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- a Cancer Research Division , Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre , 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst , NSW , Australia.,b St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine , Victoria Street, Darlinghurst , NSW , Australia
| | - David Gallego-Ortega
- a Cancer Research Division , Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre , 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst , NSW , Australia.,b St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine , Victoria Street, Darlinghurst , NSW , Australia
| | - Christopher J Ormandy
- a Cancer Research Division , Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre , 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst , NSW , Australia.,b St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine , Victoria Street, Darlinghurst , NSW , Australia
| | - Samantha R Oakes
- a Cancer Research Division , Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre , 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst , NSW , Australia.,b St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine , Victoria Street, Darlinghurst , NSW , Australia
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Zhang G, Wang R, Cheng K, Li Q, Wang Y, Zhang R, Qin X. Repulsive Guidance Molecule a Inhibits Angiogenesis by Downregulating VEGF and Phosphorylated Focal Adhesion Kinase In Vitro. Front Neurol 2017; 8:504. [PMID: 29018403 PMCID: PMC5623191 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Repulsive guidance molecule a (RGMa) is a major neuron guidance factor in central nervous systems. We previously found that inhibition of RGMa could greatly enhance neural function rehabilitation in rats after MCAO/reperfusion. Neuron guidance factors are often regulators of angiogenesis. However, the effect of RGMa on angiogenesis and its mechanisms remain to be determined. Here, we investigated the effect of RGMa on endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, migration, tube formation, and cytoskeleton reassembly. The addition of recombinant RGMa significantly decreased the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of ECs. It also decreased the level of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK Tyr397). Furthermore, the F-actin of the cytoskeleton assembly was obviously suppressed, with decreased filopodia and lamellipodia after the addition of RGMa. Knockout of neogenin or Unc5b significantly diminished RGMa’s inhibition of EC migration, tube formation, and cytoskeleton reassembly. RGMa-induced p-FAK (Tyr397) decrease was also abolished by knockout of neogenin or Unc5b. These results indicate that RGMa may be a negative regulator of angiogenesis through downregulating VEGF and p-FAK (Tyr397) via neogenin and Unc5b in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ramírez-Valadez KA, Vázquez-Victorio G, Macías-Silva M, González-Espinosa C. Fyn kinase mediates cortical actin ring depolymerization required for mast cell migration in response to TGF-β in mice. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1305-1316. [PMID: 28586109 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a potent mast cell (MC) chemoattractant able to modulate local inflammatory reactions. The molecular mechanism leading to TGF-β-directed MC migration is not fully described. Here we analyzed the role of the Src family protein kinase Fyn on the main TGF-β-induced cytoskeletal changes leading to MC migration. Utilizing bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) from WT and Fyn-deficient mice we found that BMMC migration to TGF-β was impaired in the absence of the kinase. TGF-β caused depolymerization of the cortical actin ring and changes on the phosphorylation of cofilin, LIMK and CAMKII only in WT cells. Defective cofilin activation and phosphorylation of regulatory proteins was detected in Fyn-deficient BMMCs and this finding correlated with a lower activity of the catalytic subunit of the phosphatase PP2A. Diminished TGF-β-induced chemotaxis of Fyn-deficient cells was also observed in an in vivo model of MC migration (bleomycin-induced scleroderma). Our results show that Fyn kinase is an important positive effector of TGF-β-induced chemotaxis through the control of PP2A activity and this is relevant to pathological processes that are related to TGF-β-dependent mast cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla A Ramírez-Valadez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México
| | - Genaro Vázquez-Victorio
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Marina Macías-Silva
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
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Shapiro LP, Parsons RG, Koleske AJ, Gourley SL. Differential expression of cytoskeletal regulatory factors in the adolescent prefrontal cortex: Implications for cortical development. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:1123-1143. [PMID: 27735056 PMCID: PMC5352542 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and drug and alcohol use disorders peaks during adolescence. Further, up to 50% of "adult" mental health disorders emerge in adolescence. During adolescence, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) undergoes dramatic structural reorganization, in which dendritic spines and synapses are refined, pruned, and stabilized. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie these processes should help to identify factors that influence the development of psychiatric illness. Here we briefly discuss the anatomical connections of the medial and orbital prefrontal cortex (mPFC and OFC, respectively). We then present original findings suggesting that dendritic spines on deep-layer excitatory neurons in the mouse mPFC and OFC prune at different adolescent ages, with later pruning in the OFC. In parallel, we used Western blotting to define levels of several cytoskeletal regulatory proteins during early, mid-, and late adolescence, focusing on tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) and β1-integrin-containing receptors and select signaling partners. We identified regional differences in the levels of several proteins in early and midadolescence that then converged in early adulthood. We also observed age-related differences in TrkB levels, both full-length and truncated isoforms, Rho-kinase 2, and synaptophysin in both PFC subregions. Finally, we identified changes in protein levels in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus that were distinct from those in the PFC. We conclude with a general review of the manner in which TrkB- and β1-integrin-mediated signaling influences neuronal structure in the postnatal brain. Elucidating the role of cytoskeletal regulatory factors throughout adolescence may identify critical mechanisms of PFC development. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren P Shapiro
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ryan G Parsons
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, Graduate Program in Integrative Neuroscience, Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Anthony J Koleske
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Department of Neurobiology, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Teixeira SC, Lopes DS, Gimenes SNC, Teixeira TL, da Silva MS, Brígido RTES, da Luz FAC, da Silva AA, Silva MA, Florentino PV, Tavares PCB, dos Santos MA, Ávila VDMR, Silva MJB, Elias MC, Mortara RA, da Silva CV. Mechanistic Insights into the Anti-angiogenic Activity of Trypanosoma cruzi Protein 21 and its Potential Impact on the Onset of Chagasic Cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44978. [PMID: 28322302 PMCID: PMC5359584 DOI: 10.1038/srep44978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) is arguably the most important form of the Chagas Disease, caused by the intracellular protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi; it is estimated that 10-30% of chronic patients develop this clinical manifestation. The most common and severe form of CCC can be related to ventricular abnormalities, such as heart failure, arrhythmias, heart blocks, thromboembolic events and sudden death. Therefore, in this study, we proposed to evaluate the anti-angiogenic activity of a recombinant protein from T. cruzi named P21 (rP21) and the potential impact of the native protein on CCC. Our data suggest that the anti-angiogenic activity of rP21 depends on the protein's direct interaction with the CXCR4 receptor. This capacity is likely related to the modulation of the expression of actin and angiogenesis-associated genes. Thus, our results indicate that T. cruzi P21 is an attractive target for the development of innovative therapeutic agents against CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cota Teixeira
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Daiana Silva Lopes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxinas Animais, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Sarah Natalie Cirilo Gimenes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxinas Animais, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Thaise Lara Teixeira
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Santos da Silva
- Center of Toxins, Immune Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rebecca Tavares e Silva Brígido
- Laboratório de Patologia Molecular e Biotecnologia do Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária/Hanseníase, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Felipe Andrés Cordero da Luz
- Laboratório de Osteoimunologia e Imunologia dos Tumores, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Aline Alves da Silva
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Makswell Almeida Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxinas Animais, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Pilar Veras Florentino
- Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Paula Cristina Brígido Tavares
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Marlus Alves dos Santos
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Marcelo José Barbosa Silva
- Laboratório de Osteoimunologia e Imunologia dos Tumores, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Maria Carolina Elias
- Center of Toxins, Immune Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Renato Arruda Mortara
- Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Claudio Vieira da Silva
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
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Su B, Su J, Zeng Y, Liu F, Xia H, Ma YH, Zhou ZG, Zhang S, Yang BM, Wu YH, Zeng X, Ai XH, Ling H, Jiang H, Su Q. Diallyl disulfide suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and proliferation by downregulation of LIMK1 in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:10498-512. [PMID: 26871290 PMCID: PMC4891135 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) has been shown to have multi-targeted antitumor activities. We have previously discovered that it has a repressive effect on LIM kinase-1 (LIMK1) expression in gastric cancer MGC803 cells. This suggests that DADS may inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by downregulating LIMK1, resulting in the inhibition of invasion and growth in gastric cancer. In this study, we reveal that LIMK1 expression is correlated with tumor differentiation, invasion depth, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. DADS downregulated the Rac1-Pak1/Rock1-LIMK1 pathway in MGC803 cells, as shown by decreased p-LIMK1 and p-cofilin1 levels, and suppressed cell migration and invasion. Knockdown and overexpression experiments performed in vitro demonstrated that downregulating LIMK1 with DADS resulted in restrained EMT that was coupled with decreased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) expression. In in vitro and in vivo experiments, the DADS-induced suppression of cell proliferation was enhanced and antagonized by the knockdown and overexpression of LIMK1, respectively. Similar results were observed for DADS-induced changes in the expression of vimentin, CD34, Ki-67, and E-cadherin in xenografted tumors. These results indicate that downregulation of LIMK1 by DADS could explain the inhibition of EMT, invasion and proliferation in gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Su
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Hunan Provincial University, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics of Hunan Provincial University, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China
| | - Jian Su
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Hunan Provincial University, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China.,Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Hunan Provincial University, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Hunan Provincial University, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China
| | - Hong Xia
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Hunan Provincial University, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China
| | - Yan-Hua Ma
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Hunan Provincial University, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhou
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Hunan Provincial University, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Hunan Provincial University, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China
| | - Bang-Min Yang
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Hunan Provincial University, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China
| | - You-Hua Wu
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Hunan Provincial University, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Ai
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China
| | - Hui Ling
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Hunan Provincial University, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China
| | - Qi Su
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Hunan Provincial University, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China
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46
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Young AIJ, Law AMK, Castillo L, Chong S, Cullen HD, Koehler M, Herzog S, Brummer T, Lee EF, Fairlie WD, Lucas MC, Herrmann D, Allam A, Timpson P, Watkins DN, Millar EKA, O'Toole SA, Gallego-Ortega D, Ormandy CJ, Oakes SR. MCL-1 inhibition provides a new way to suppress breast cancer metastasis and increase sensitivity to dasatinib. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:125. [PMID: 27931239 PMCID: PMC5146841 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic disease is largely resistant to therapy and accounts for almost all cancer deaths. Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) is an important regulator of cell survival and chemo-resistance in a wide range of malignancies, and thus its inhibition may prove to be therapeutically useful. METHODS To examine whether targeting MCL-1 may provide an effective treatment for breast cancer, we constructed inducible models of BIMs2A expression (a specific MCL-1 inhibitor) in MDA-MB-468 (MDA-MB-468-2A) and MDA-MB-231 (MDA-MB-231-2A) cells. RESULTS MCL-1 inhibition caused apoptosis of basal-like MDA-MB-468-2A cells grown as monolayers, and sensitized them to the BCL-2/BCL-XL inhibitor ABT-263, demonstrating that MCL-1 regulated cell survival. In MDA-MB-231-2A cells, grown in an organotypic model, induction of BIMs2A produced an almost complete suppression of invasion. Apoptosis was induced in such a small proportion of these cells that it could not account for the large decrease in invasion, suggesting that MCL-1 was operating via a previously undetected mechanism. MCL-1 antagonism also suppressed local invasion and distant metastasis to the lung in mouse mammary intraductal xenografts. Kinomic profiling revealed that MCL-1 antagonism modulated Src family kinases and their targets, which suggested that MCL-1 might act as an upstream modulator of invasion via this pathway. Inhibition of MCL-1 in combination with dasatinib suppressed invasion in 3D models of invasion and inhibited the establishment of tumors in vivo. CONCLUSION These data provide the first evidence that MCL-1 drives breast cancer cell invasion and suggests that MCL-1 antagonists could be used alone or in combination with drugs targeting Src kinases such as dasatinib to suppress metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide I J Young
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew M K Law
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Lesley Castillo
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sabrina Chong
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Hayley D Cullen
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Martin Koehler
- Centre for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA) and Centre for Biological Signallling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School for Biology and Medicine and Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Herzog
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Centre for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA) and Centre for Biological Signallling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erinna F Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine and Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Walter D Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine and Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Morghan C Lucas
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Amr Allam
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - D Neil Watkins
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ewan K A Millar
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, South Eastern Area Laboratory Service, St George Hospital, Grey St, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - Sandra A O'Toole
- Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Fisher Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Department of Tissue, Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Rd, Camperdown, 2050, NSW, Australia
| | - David Gallego-Ortega
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher J Ormandy
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Samantha R Oakes
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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47
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Zalli D, Neff L, Nagano K, Shin NY, Witke W, Gori F, Baron R. The Actin-Binding Protein Cofilin and Its Interaction With Cortactin Are Required for Podosome Patterning in Osteoclasts and Bone Resorption In Vivo and In Vitro. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1701-12. [PMID: 27064822 PMCID: PMC5070801 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion of osteoclasts (OCs) to bone and bone resorption require the assembly of specific F-actin adhesion structures, the podosomes, and their dense packing into a sealing zone. The OC-specific formation of the sealing zone requires the interaction of microtubule (MT) + ends with podosomes. Here, we deleted cofilin, a cortactin (CTTN)- and actin-binding protein highly expressed in OCs, to determine if it acts downstream of the MT-CTTN axis to regulate actin polymerization in podosomes. Conditional deletion of cofilin in OCs in mice, driven by the cathepsin K promoter (Ctsk-Cre), impaired bone resorption in vivo, increasing bone density. In vitro, OCs were not able to organize podosomes into peripheral belts. The MT network was disorganized, MT stability was decreased, and cell migration impaired. Active cofilin stabilizes MTs and allows podosome belt formation, whereas MT disruption deactivates cofilin via phosphorylation. Cofilin interacts with CTTN in podosomes and phosphorylation of either protein disrupts this interaction, which is critical for belt stabilization and for the maintenance of MT dynamic instability. Accordingly, active cofilin was required to rescue the OC cytoskeletal phenotype in vitro. These findings suggest that the patterning of podosomes into a sealing zone involves the dynamic interaction between cofilin, CTTN, and the MTs + ends. This interaction is critical for the functional organization of OCs and for bone resorption. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detina Zalli
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynn Neff
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenichi Nagano
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nah Young Shin
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter Witke
- Institut für Genetik, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Francesca Gori
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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48
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Lagoutte E, Villeneuve C, Lafanechère L, Wells CM, Jones GE, Chavrier P, Rossé C. LIMK Regulates Tumor-Cell Invasion and Matrix Degradation Through Tyrosine Phosphorylation of MT1-MMP. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24925. [PMID: 27116935 PMCID: PMC4847008 DOI: 10.1038/srep24925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During their metastatic spread, cancer cells need to remodel the extracellular matrix in order to migrate through stromal compartments adjacent to the primary tumor. Dissemination of breast carcinoma cells is mediated by membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP/MMP14), the main invadopodial matrix degradative component. Here, we identify MT1-MMP as a novel interacting partner of dual-specificity LIM Kinase-1 and -2 (LIMK1/2), and provide several evidence for phosphorylation of tyrosine Y573 in the cytoplasmic domain of MT1-MMP by LIMK. Phosphorylation of Y573 influences association of F-actin binding protein cortactin to MT1-MMP-positive endosomes and invadopodia formation and matrix degradation. Moreover, we show that LIMK1 regulates cortactin association to MT1-MMP-positive endosomes, while LIMK2 controls invadopodia-associated cortactin. In turn, LIMK1 and LIMK2 are required for MT1-MMP-dependent matrix degradation and cell invasion in a three-dimensional type I collagen environment. This novel link between LIMK1/2 and MT1-MMP may have important consequences for therapeutic control of breast cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lagoutte
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, 75248 cedex 05, Paris, France
| | - Clémentine Villeneuve
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, 75248 cedex 05, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Lafanechère
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U823, Institut Albert Bonniot, CRI, Team 3 "Polarity, Development and Cancer", F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Claire M Wells
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth E Jones
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, 75248 cedex 05, Paris, France
| | - Carine Rossé
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, 75248 cedex 05, Paris, France
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49
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Role of Moesin in Advanced Glycation End Products-Induced Angiogenesis of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22749. [PMID: 26956714 PMCID: PMC4783699 DOI: 10.1038/srep22749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of angiogenesis are related to microangiopathies during the development of diabetic vascular complications, but the effect of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on angiogenesis and the mechanism has not been completely unveiled. We previous demonstrated that moesin belonging to the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) protein family protein played a critical role in AGE-induced hyper-permeability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Here, we investigated the impact of moesin on AGE-induced HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tubulogenesis. Silencing of moesin decreased cell motility and tube formation but not cell proliferation. It also attenuated cellular F-actin reassembly. Further, phosphorylation of threonine at the 558 amino acid residue (Thr 558) in moesin suppressed AGE-induced HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation, while the activating mutation of moesin at Thr 558 enhanced HUVEC angiogenesis. Further, the inhibition of either RhoA activity by adenovirus or ROCK activation with inhibitor Y27632 decreased AGE-induced moesin phosphorylation and subsequently suppressed HUVEC angiogenesis. These results indicate that the Thr 558 phosphorylation in moesin mediates endothelial angiogenesis. AGEs promoted HUVEC angiogenesis by inducing moesin phosphorylation via RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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50
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Durand N, Borges S, Storz P. Protein Kinase D Enzymes as Regulators of EMT and Cancer Cell Invasion. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5020020. [PMID: 26848698 PMCID: PMC4773776 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Protein Kinase D (PKD) isoforms PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3 are effectors of the novel Protein Kinase Cs (nPKCs) and diacylglycerol (DAG). PKDs impact diverse biological processes like protein transport, cell migration, proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis. PKDs however, have distinct effects on these functions. While PKD1 blocks EMT and cell migration, PKD2 and PKD3 tend to drive both processes. Given the importance of EMT and cell migration to the initiation and progression of various malignancies, abnormal expression of PKDs has been reported in multiple types of cancers, including breast, pancreatic and prostate cancer. In this review, we discuss how EMT and cell migration are regulated by PKD isoforms and the significance of this regulation in the context of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Durand
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Sahra Borges
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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