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Sharma P, Sharma B, Ghildiyal S, Kharkwal H. ML218 modulates calcium binding protein, oxidative stress, and inflammation during ischemia-reperfusion brain injury in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 982:176919. [PMID: 39179092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia disrupts calcium homeostasis in the brain causing excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal cell apoptosis. During ischemic conditions, T-type calcium channel channels contribute to increase in intracellular calcium ions in both neurons and glial cells therefore, the current study hypothesizes the antagonism of these channels using ML218, a novel specific T-Type inhibitor in experimental model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) brain injury. CI/R injury was induced in Swiss Albino mice by occlusion of common carotid arteries followed by reperfusion. Animals were assessed for learning and memory (MWM), motor coordination (Rota rod), neurological function (neurological deficit score), cerebral infarction, edema, and histopathological alterations. Biochemical assessments were made for calcium binding proteins (Calmodulin- CaM, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-CaMKII, S100B), oxidative stress (4-hydroxy 2-nonenal-4-HNE, glutathione-GSH, inflammation (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-p65-NF-kB, tumor necrosis factor-TNF-α, interleukin-IL-10) inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels, and acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in brain supernatants. Furthermore, serum levels of NF-kB, iNOS, and S100B were also assessed. CI/R animals showed impairment in learning, memory, motor coordination, and neurological function along with increase in cerebral infarction, edema, and histopathological alterations. Furthermore, increase in brain calcium binding proteins, oxidative stress, inflammation, and AChE activity along with serum NF-kB, iNOS, and S100B levels were recorded in CI/R animals. Administration of ML218 (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg; i.p.) was observed to recuperate CI/R induced impairments in behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological analysis. Hence, it may be concluded that ML218 mediates neuroprotection during CI/R via decreasing brain and serum calcium binding proteins, inflammation, iNOS, and oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Gurugram University (A State Govt. University), Gurugram, Haryana, India.
| | - Shivani Ghildiyal
- Department of DravyaGuna, All India Institute of Ayurveda, An autonomous organization under Ministry of Ayush, Government of India, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsha Kharkwal
- Amity Natural and Herbal Product Research, Amity Institute of Phytochemistry and Phytomedicine, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Nagappan R, Das S, Chaudhari VA, Adole PS, Jinkala S, Thazhath HK. Post-mortem utility of Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) and Calcium Binding Protein B (S100B) for differentiating traumatic brain injury from other causes of death. Int J Legal Med 2024:10.1007/s00414-024-03332-x. [PMID: 39256257 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
In forensic pathology, identifying causes of death in traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) devoid of observable signs presents a significant challenge. Post-mortem biochemistry plays a crucial role in forensic medicine, particularly in determining causes of death in TBIs that lack macroscopic or histopathological evidence. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) and S100 Calcium Binding Protein B (S100B) in post-mortem serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as markers for TBI. The relationship of these biochemical markers with survival time and post-mortem interval was also studied. The study sample consisted of 63 cases each from the TBI and the Non-TBI (NTBI) group. The NTBI group comprised of deaths due to mechanical asphyxia, myocardial infarction and isolated trunk trauma. While serum S100B and CSF NSE emerged as a promising marker for TBI, CSF S100B failed to differentiate TBI from the other causes of death. The absence of an association between the level of markers and survival time or post-mortem interval in TBIs highlights the limitations of these biomarkers in such contexts. This study underscores the potential of biochemical markers like serum S100B and CSF NSE in identifying TBI deaths, aiding forensic diagnoses where there are evidentiary limitations in traditional methods. Further research exploring additional markers and body fluids could enhance diagnostic precision in forensic neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaswamy Nagappan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India.
| | - Vinod Ashok Chaudhari
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Prashant Shankarrao Adole
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
| | - SreeRekha Jinkala
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
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Del Moro L, Pirovano E, Rota E. Mind the Metabolic Gap: Bridging Migraine and Alzheimer's disease through Brain Insulin Resistance. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0351. [PMID: 38913047 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain insulin resistance has recently been described as a metabolic abnormality of brain glucose homeostasis that has been proven to downregulate insulin receptors, both in astrocytes and neurons, triggering a reduction in glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. This condition may generate a mismatch between brain's energy reserve and expenditure, mainly during high metabolic demand, which could be involved in the chronification of migraine and, in the long run, at least in certain subsets of patients, in the prodromic phase of Alzheimer's disease, along a putative metabolic physiopathological continuum. Indeed, the persistent disruption of glucose homeostasis and energy supply to neurons may eventually impair protein folding, an energy-requiring process, promoting pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease, such as amyloid-β deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Hopefully, the "neuroenergetic hypothesis" presented herein will provide further insight on there being a conceivable metabolic bridge between chronic migraine and Alzheimer's disease, elucidating novel potential targets for the prophylactic treatment of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Del Moro
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elenamaria Pirovano
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Eugenia Rota
- Neurology Unit, San Giacomo Hospital, Novi Ligure, ASL AL, Italy
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4
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Berntson L, Elfving A, Samuelsson AG, Öman A, Mobarrez F. Blood brain barrier permeability and astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a cross-sectional study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2024; 22:47. [PMID: 38671467 PMCID: PMC11046815 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-024-00984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most prevalent rheumatic disease in children, and the inflammatory process is widely studied, primarily characterized by its impact on joint health. Emerging evidence suggests that JIA may also affect the central nervous system (CNS). This study investigates the potential CNS involvement in JIA by analyzing the presence of astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the S100B protein in plasma, both of which are indicative of astrocyte activity and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. METHODS EDTA plasma from 90 children diagnosed with JIA and 10 healthy controls, matched by age and gender, was analyzed for extracellular vesicles by flow cytometric measurement. Astrocyte-derived EVs were identified using flow cytometry with markers for aquaporin 4 (AQP-4) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Levels of the S100B protein were measured using a commercial ELISA. Disease activity was assessed using the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS27, 0-57), and pain levels were measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS, 0-10 cm). RESULTS Our analyses revealed a significantly higher concentration of astrocyte-derived EVs in the plasma of children with JIA compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, children with JADAS27 scores of 1 or higher exhibited notably higher levels of these EVs. The S100B protein was detectable exclusively in the JIA group. CONCLUSION The elevated levels of astrocyte-derived EVs and the presence of S100B in children with JIA provide evidence of BBB disruption and CNS involvement, particularly in those with higher disease activity. These findings underscore the importance of considering CNS health in the comprehensive management of JIA. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms behind CNS engagement in JIA and to develop treatments that address both joint and CNS manifestations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillemor Berntson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Elfving
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Öman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fariborz Mobarrez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Fróes FT, Da Ré C, Taday J, Galland F, Gonçalves CA, Leite MC. Palmitic acid, but not other long-chain saturated fatty acids, increases S100B protein and TNF-α secretion by astrocytes. Nutr Res 2024; 122:101-112. [PMID: 38215571 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a health problem that involves fat accumulation in adipose and other tissues and causes cell dysfunction. Long-chain saturated fatty acids can induce and propagate inflammation, which may also contribute to the brain alterations found in individuals with obesity. Fatty acids accumulate in astrocytes in situations of blood‒brain barrier disruption, such as inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, the increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) secretion is considered an essential component of the inflammatory response. We hypothesize that through their action on astrocytes, long-chain saturated fatty acids mediate some of the brain alterations observed in individuals with obesity. Here, we investigate the direct effect of long-chain fatty acids on astrocytes. Primary astrocyte cultures were incubated for 24 hours with myristic, palmitic, stearic, linoleic, or α-linolenic acids (25-100 µM). All saturated fatty acids tested led to an increase in TNF-α secretion, but only palmitic acid, one of the most common fatty acids, increased S100B secretion, indicating that S100B secretion is probably not caused in response to TNF-α release. Palmitic acid also caused nuclear migration of nuclear factor kappa B. Long-chain saturated fatty acids did not alter cell viability or redox status. In conclusion, long-chain saturated fatty acids can alter astrocytic homeostasis and may contribute to brain disorders associated with obesity, such as neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Telles Fróes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carollina Da Ré
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Taday
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Galland
- Centro de Ciência e Qualidade dos Alimentos, Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina Concli Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Zhang C, Su H, Waight E, Poluektova LY, Gorantla S, Gendelman HE, Dash PK. Accelerated Neuroimmune Dysfunction in Aged HIV-1-Infected Humanized Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:149. [PMID: 38399364 PMCID: PMC10892358 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Disordered immunity, aging, human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection, and responses to antiretroviral therapy are linked. However, how each factor is linked with the other(s) remains incompletely understood. It has been reported that accelerated aging, advanced HIV-1 infection, inflammation, and host genetic factors are associated with host cellular, mitochondrial, and metabolic alterations. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. With these questions in mind, we used chronically HIV-1-infected CD34-NSG humanized mice (hu-mice) to model older people living with HIV and uncover associations between HIV-1 infection and aging. Adult humanized mice were infected with HIV-1 at the age of 20 weeks and maintained for another 40 weeks before sacrifice. Animal brains were collected and subjected to transcriptomics, qPCR, and immunofluorescence assays to uncover immune disease-based biomarkers. CD4+ T cell decline was associated with viral level and age. Upregulated C1QA, CD163, and CXCL16 and downregulated LMNA and CLU were identified as age-associated genes tied to HIV-1 infection. Ingenuity pathway analysis affirmed links to innate immune activation, pyroptosis signaling, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, and neuronal dysfunction. In summary, CD34-NSG humanized mice are identified as a valuable model for studying HIV-1-associated aging. Biomarkers of immune senescence and neuronal signaling are both age- and virus-associated. By exploring the underlying biological mechanisms that are linked to these biomarkers, interventions for next generation HIV-1-infected patients can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Prasanta K. Dash
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Park S, Oh HN, Kim WK. Human coculture model of astrocytes and SH-SY5Y cells to test the neurotoxicity of chemicals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115912. [PMID: 38181562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we established a coculture model comprising human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes, faithfully replicating the human brain environment for in vitro neurotoxicity assessment. We optimized the cell differentiation duration and cell ratios to obtain images conducive to neurite outgrowth evaluation. Subsequently, the neurotoxic effects in the coculture and monoculture of SH-SY5Y cells were confirmed using neurotoxic agents such as acrylamide (ACR) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Disparities in the neurotoxic impacts of ACR and H2O2 within the coculture were mirrored in the expression of genes associated with early neuronal injury. Notably, the reduction in neurite outgrowth induced by neurotoxic agents revealed the coculture's lower sensitivity compared to monocultures. Furthermore, the coculture system exhibited distinct effects of test agents on nerve damage and manifested protective influences on nerve cells. The proposed methodology holds promise for large-scale chemical neurotoxicity screening through neurite change measurements. This in vitro coculture model, accounting for cell interactions, emerges as a valuable tool in toxicity testing, offering insights into the potential effects of chemicals within the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Ha-Na Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Woo-Keun Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
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Albalawi YA, Shull T, Virdi AK, Subra C, Mitchell J, Slike BM, Jian N, Krebs SJ, Sacdalan C, Ratnaratorn N, Hsu DC, Phanuphak N, Spudich S, Trautmann L, Al-Harthi L. CD4 dim CD8 bright T cells are inversely associated with neuro-inflammatory markers among people with HIV. AIDS 2024; 38:1-7. [PMID: 37792358 PMCID: PMC10715695 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV-associated neuroinflammation persists in the brain despite suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We evaluated associations between a subset of CD8 + T cells, termed CD4 dim CD8 bright T cells, and soluble markers of immune activation and/or neuroinflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of people with HIV (PWH). DESIGN Fifteen cART-naive PWH were enrolled and underwent blood draw, lumbar puncture for CSF collection, and neuropsychological tests at week 0 (pre-cART) and 24 weeks after cART initiation. METHODS CSF and peripheral blood T cells were evaluated with flow cytometry and soluble markers of immune activation were measured by multiplex and singleplex assays. Spearman bootstrap correlation coefficients with 10 000 resamples were computed and reported with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each marker of interest and T-cell type. RESULTS The frequency of CSF CD4 dim CD8 bright T cells at week 0 was inversely related with CSF neopterin. In contrast, at week 24, CSF CD4 - CD8 + T cells were positively correlated with CSF s100β, a marker of brain injury. In the blood, at week 0, CD4 dim CD8 bright T cells were inversely correlated with MCP-1, IP-10, IL-8, IL-6, G-CSF, and APRIL and positively correlated with plasma RANTES and MMP1. At week 0, the frequency of blood CD4 - CD8 + were positively correlated with CRP and BAFF. CONCLUSION CD4 dim CD8 bright T cells are associated with some anti-inflammatory properties, whereas CD4 - CD8 + T cells may contribute to inflammation and injury. Assessing the contrast between these two cell populations in neuroHIV may inform targeted therapeutic intervention to reduce neuroinflammation and associated neurocognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen A. Albalawi
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanner Shull
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois Chicago, School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amber K. Virdi
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Caroline Subra
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie Mitchell
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Bonnie M. Slike
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ningbo Jian
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shelly J. Krebs
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
| | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH Research Foundation
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Denise C. Hsu
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Serena Spudich
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lena Al-Harthi
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kaikai NE, Ba-M'hamed S, Ghanima A, Bennis M. Exposure to metam sodium-based pesticide impaired cognitive performances in adult mice: Involvement of oxidative damage and glial activation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 477:116677. [PMID: 37678439 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive integrity is a critical aspect of neurological function, and a decline in cognitive function is a hallmark of neurotoxicity. Oxidative stress is a significant pathological feature contributing to cognitive deficits that can arise from exposure to environmental pollutants such as pesticides. Among these, Metam sodium-based pesticides (MS-BP) are an emergent type of pesticide widely used in the agriculture and public health sectors for controlling pests and diseases. Our prior research has shown that animals exposed to MS-BP during the early stages of brain development caused cognitive impairments. In the present study, we tested whether exposure to this compound in a fully matured brain would affect cognitive performance and induce oxidative damage to the central nervous system. In this context, adult mice received chronic treatment with increasing doses of MS-BP and subjected to a set of behavioral paradigms. Following behavioral assessment, oxidative stress and glial activation were evaluated. Our main findings showed that MS-BP chronic exposure impaired recognition and short- and long-term memory. These alterations were accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde level and a marked decrease in catalase activity in specific brain areas. Moreover, exposure to MS-BP is associated with a significant rise in the density of astrocytic and microglial markers, indicating a possible glial cell response within the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. The present work demonstrated that MS-BP altered cognitive performance likely through oxidative damage to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour-Eddine Kaikai
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropology, and Environment, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences, Marrakech, Morocco; Department of Biology, Higher Normal School, Cadi Ayyad University, 4000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Saadia Ba-M'hamed
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropology, and Environment, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abderrazzak Ghanima
- Research Laboratory for Sustainable Development and Health, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bennis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropology, and Environment, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences, Marrakech, Morocco.
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Zimny M, Paździora P, Kocur D, Błaszczyk B, Gendosz de Carrillo D, Baron J, Jędrzejowska-Szypułka H, Rudnik A. Analysis of Serum Markers of Perioperative Brain Injury and Inflammation Associated with Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Preliminary Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1308. [PMID: 37759909 PMCID: PMC10526942 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Embolization is the preferred method for treating intracranial aneurysms due to its less invasive nature. However, recent findings suggest that even uncomplicated embolization may cause structural damage to the brain through ischemic or inflammatory mechanisms. This study aimed to find possible biomarkers of brain injury and inflammation in patients suffering from intracranial aneurysms who underwent endovascular treatment by measuring serological markers indicating brain damage. The study involved 26 patients who underwent uncomplicated intravascular stenting for unruptured intracranial aneurysms between January 2020 and December 2021. Blood samples were collected before the procedure, at 6-12 h, and at 24 h after the procedure. The following protein biomarkers levels were tested with ELISA: S100B, hNSE, TNF, hsCRP, FABP7, NFL, and GP39. Statistical analysis of the results revealed significant increases in serum levels for the four biomarkers: FABP7-before 0.25 (ng/mL) vs. 6-12 h 0.26 (p = 0.012) and vs. 24 h 0.27 (p < 0.001); GP39-before 0.03 (pg/mL) vs. 6-12 h 0.64 (p = 0.011) and vs. 24 h 0.57 (p = 0.001); hsCRP-before 1.65 (μg/mL) vs. 24 h 4.17 (p = 0.037); NFL-before 0.01 (pg/mL) vs. 6-12 h 3.99 (p = 0.004) and vs. 24 h 1.86 (p = 0.033). These biomarkers are recognized as potential indicators of neurovascular damage and should be monitored in clinical settings. Consequently, serum levels of NFL, GP39, hsCRP, and FABP7 measured before and 24 h after endovascular procedures can serve as important markers for assessing brain damage and indicate avenues for further research on biomarkers of neurovascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Zimny
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Paździora
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Damian Kocur
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Błaszczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Daria Gendosz de Carrillo
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Baron
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Adam Rudnik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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Olczak M, Poniatowski ŁA, Siwińska A, Kwiatkowska M. Post-mortem detection of neuronal and astroglial biochemical markers in serum and urine for diagnostics of traumatic brain injury. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:1441-1452. [PMID: 37272985 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-02990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently available epidemiological data shows that traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents one of the leading causes of death that is associated with medico-legal practice, including forensic autopsy, criminological investigation, and neuropathological examination. Attention focused on TBI research is needed to advance its diagnostics in ante- and post-mortem cases with regard to identification and validation of novel biomarkers. Recently, several markers of neuronal, astroglial, and axonal injury have been explored in various biofluids to assess the clinical origin, progression, severity, and prognosis of TBI. Despite clinical usefulness, understanding their diagnostic accuracy could also potentially help translate them either into forensic or medico-legal practice, or both. The aim of this study was to evaluate post-mortem pro-BDNF, NSE, UCHL1, GFAP, S100B, SPTAN1, NFL, MAPT, and MBP levels in serum and urine in TBI cases. The study was performed using cases (n = 40) of fatal head injury and control cases (n = 20) of sudden death. Serum and urine were collected within ∼ 24 h after death and compared using ELISA test. In our study, we observed the elevated concentration levels of GFAP and MAPT in both serum and urine, elevated concentration levels of S100B and SPTAN1 in serum, and decreased concentration levels of pro-BDNF in serum compared to the control group. The obtained results anticipate the possible implementation of performed assays as an interesting tool for forensic and medico-legal investigations regarding TBI diagnosis where the head injury was not supposed to be the direct cause of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieszko Olczak
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Oczki 1, 02-007, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Łukasz A Poniatowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Klinikum, Salvador-Allende-Straße 30, 17036, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Siwińska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Oczki 1, 02-007, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kwiatkowska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Oczki 1, 02-007, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Hamasaki MY, Mendes C, Batagello DS, Hirata MH, Britto LRGD, Nogueira MI. Pathophysiological aspects of neonatal anoxia and temporal expression of S100β in different brain regions. Neuroreport 2023; 34:575-582. [PMID: 37384931 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal variations of S100β in the hippocampus, cerebellum and cerebral cortex of neonatal rats (Wistar strain) under anoxic conditions. Real-time PCR and western blotting techniques were used for gene expression and protein analysis. Animals were divided into two groups, a control group and an anoxic group, and further separated at different time points for analysis. After anoxia, S100β gene expression showed a significant peak in the hippocampus and cerebellum after 2 h, followed by a decline compared to the control group at other time points. The increased gene expression in these regions was also accompanied by an increase in S100β protein levels in the anoxia group, observable 4 h after injury. In contrast, S100β mRNA content in the cerebral cortex never exceeded control values at any time point. Similarly, the protein content of S100β in the cerebral cortex did not show statistically significant differences compared to control animals at any assessment time point. These results suggest that the production profile of S100β differs by brain region and developmental stage. The observed differences in vulnerability between the hippocampus, cerebellum and cerebral cortex may be attributed to their distinct developmental periods. The hippocampus and cerebellum, which develop earlier than the cerebral cortex, showed more pronounced effects in response to anoxia, which is supported by the gene expression and protein content in this study. This result reveals the brain region-dependent nature of S100β as a biomarker of brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Mendes
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
| | | | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitdade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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13
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Freire MAM, Rocha GS, Bittencourt LO, Falcao D, Lima RR, Cavalcanti JRLP. Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury: What Have We Learned So Far? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1139. [PMID: 37627023 PMCID: PMC10452099 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of long-lasting morbidity and mortality worldwide, being a devastating condition related to the impairment of the nervous system after an external traumatic event resulting in transitory or permanent functional disability, with a significant burden to the healthcare system. Harmful events underlying TBI can be classified into two sequential stages, primary and secondary, which are both associated with breakdown of the tissue homeostasis due to impairment of the blood-brain barrier, osmotic imbalance, inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and apoptotic cell death, ultimately resulting in a loss of tissue functionality. The present study provides an updated review concerning the roles of brain edema, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress on brain changes resulting from a TBI. The proper characterization of the phenomena resulting from TBI can contribute to the improvement of care, rehabilitation and quality of life of the affected people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurelio M. Freire
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró 59607-360, RN, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Sousa Rocha
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró 59607-360, RN, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Daniel Falcao
- VCU Health Systems, Virginia Commonwealth University, 23219 Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Jose Rodolfo Lopes P. Cavalcanti
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró 59607-360, RN, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró 59607-360, RN, Brazil
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14
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Alirezaei Z, Amouheidari A, Iraji S, Hassanpour M, Hejazi SH, Davanian F, Nami MT, Rastaghi S, Shokrani P, Tsien CI, Nazem-Zadeh MR. Prediction of Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) After Radiation Therapy Using Imaging and Molecular Biomarkers and Multivariate Modelling. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:587-597. [PMID: 37462853 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to design a predictive radiobiological model of normal brain tissue in low-grade glioma following radiotherapy based on imaging and molecular biomarkers. Fifteen patients with primary brain tumors prospectively participated in this study and underwent radiation therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained from the patients, including T1- and T2-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and a generalized equivalent dose (gEUD) was calculated. The radiobiological model of the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) was performed using the variables gEUD; axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) of the corpus callosum; and serum protein S100B by univariate and multivariate logistic regression XLIIIrd Sir Peter Freyer Memorial Lecture and Surgical Symposium (2018). Changes in AD, RD, and S100B from baseline up to the 6 months after treatment had an increasing trend and were significant in some time points (P-value < 0.05). The model resulting from RD changes in the 6 months after treatment was significantly more predictable of necrosis than other univariate models. The bivariate model combining RD changes in Gy40 dose-volume and gEUD, as well as the trivariate model obtained using gEUD, RD, and S100B, had a higher predictive value among multivariate models at the sixth month of the treatment. Changes in RD diffusion indices and in serum protein S100B value were used in the early-delayed stage as reliable biomarkers for predicting late-delayed damage (necrosis) caused by radiation in the corpus callosum. Current findings could pave the way for intervention therapies to delay the severity of damage to white matter structures, minimize cognitive impairment, and improve the quality of life of patients with low-grade glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alirezaei
- Medical Physics Department, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Amouheidari
- Research & Education, Department of Radiation Oncology, Isfahan Milad Hospital, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Iraji
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Hassanpour
- Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hosein Hejazi
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariba Davanian
- Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Sedighe Rastaghi
- Biostatistics Department, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Shokrani
- Medical Physics Department, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Christina I Tsien
- Radiation Oncology Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mohammad-Reza Nazem-Zadeh
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Turkheimer FE, Veronese M, Mondelli V, Cash D, Pariante CM. Sickness behaviour and depression: An updated model of peripheral-central immunity interactions. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:202-210. [PMID: 37076054 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research into mood disorders indicates that circulating immune mediators participating in the pathophysiology of chronic somatic disorders have potent influences on brain function. This paradigm has brought to the fore the use of anti-inflammatory therapies as adjunctive to standard antidepressant therapy to improve treatment efficacy, particularly in subjects that do not respond to standard medication. Such new practice requires biomarkers to tailor these new therapies to those most likely to benefit but also validated mechanisms of action describing the interaction between peripheral immunity and brain function to optimize target intervention. These mechanisms are generally studied in preclinical models that try to recapitulate the human disease, MDD, through peripherally induced sickness behaviour. In this proposal paper, after an appraisal of the data in rodent models and their adherence to the data in clinical cohorts, we put forward a modified model of periphery-brain interactions that goes beyond the currently established view of microglia cells as the drivers of depression. Instead, we suggest that, for most patients with mild levels of peripheral inflammation, brain barriers are the primary actors in the pathophysiology of the disease and in treatment resistance. We then highlight data gaps in this proposal and suggest novel lines of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico E Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Cash
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Grau-Mercier L, Grandpierre RG, Alonso S, Savey A, Le Floch A, de Oliveira F, Masia T, Jory N, Coisy F, Claret PG. S100B serum level: A relevant biomarker for the management of non-traumatic headaches in emergency care? Am J Emerg Med 2023; 68:132-137. [PMID: 37001377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnostic of primary or secondary headaches in emergency units is mostly based on brain imaging, which is expensive and sometimes hardly accessible. An increase in serum S100B protein has already been found in several neurological conditions inducing brain damage. The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of S100B serum assay to distinguish primary and secondary headaches among patients with non-traumatic headaches in the emergency department. METHODS This was a phase 2, prospective, monocentric diagnostic study. Eighty-one adult patients with non-traumatic headaches in the emergency department were included. In addition to the usual management, a blood assay of the S100B protein was performed in the emergency department, as well as a brain MRI between 48 and 96 h if not performed during the initial management. The primary or secondary headache diagnosis was made at one month by an expert committee, blindly of the results of the S100B assay. The primary outcome was the blood assay of the S100B protein. RESULTS There was 63 patients for analysis in the primary headache group and 17 in the secondary headache group. The S100B protein assay was significantly higher in secondary headaches than primary headaches, with an AUC of the ROC curve of 0.67. The optimal threshold of 0.06 μg.L-1 allowed to obtain those diagnostic characteristics: sensitivity 75% [48; 93], specificity 62% [48; 74], PPV 35% [20; 54] and NPV 90% [76; 97]. The association between the S100B protein level and the onset of pain was significantly higher for patients with headaches <3 h. CONCLUSION The assay of the S100B protein could be useful in the management of this pathology in emergencies. Future studies taking into account dosing time and etiologies could be conducted in order to refine its use in practice.
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17
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Czarnecka AM, Obara-Michlewska M, Wesół-Kucharska D, Greczan M, Kaczor M, Książyk J, Rokicki D, Zielińska M. S100B Protein but Not 3-Nitrotyrosine Positively Correlates with Plasma Ammonia in Patients with Inherited Hyperammonemias: A New Promising Diagnostic Tool? J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062411. [PMID: 36983411 PMCID: PMC10056255 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with inherited hyperammonemias often present developmental and intellectual deficiencies which are likely to be exaggerated by hyperammonemia episodes in long-term outcomes. In order to find a new, systemic marker common to the course of congenital hyperammonemias, we decided to measure the plasma level of S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), which is associated with cerebral impairment. Further, we analyzed three mechanistically diverged but linked with oxidative-nitrosative stress biochemical parameters: 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), a measure of plasma proteins' nitration; advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), a measure of protein oxidation; and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, a measure of anti-oxidative enzymatic capacity. The plasma biomarkers listed above were determined for the first time in congenital hyperammonemia. Also, the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators (i.e., IL-12, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10) and chemokines (IP-10, MCP-1, MIG, and RANTES) were quantified. S100B was positively correlated with plasma ammonia level, while noticeable levels of circulating 3-NT in some of the patients' plasma did not correlate with ammonia concentration. Overall, the linear correlation between ammonia and S100B but not standard oxidative stress-related markers offers a unique perspective for the future identification and monitoring of neurological deficits risk-linked with hyperammonemia episodes in patients with inherited hyperammonemias. The S100B measure may support the development of therapeutic targets and clinical monitoring in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Czarnecka
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Obara-Michlewska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Wesół-Kucharska
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milena Greczan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kaczor
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Książyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Rokicki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zielińska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Villablanca C, Vidal R, Gonzalez-Billault C. Are cytoskeleton changes observed in astrocytes functionally linked to aging? Brain Res Bull 2023; 196:59-67. [PMID: 36935053 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are active participants in the performance of the Central Nervous System (CNS) in both health and disease. During aging, astrocytes are susceptible to reactive astrogliosis, a molecular state characterized by functional changes in response to pathological situations, and cellular senescence, characterized by loss of cell division, apoptosis resistance, and gain of proinflammatory functions. This results in two different states of astrocytes, which can produce proinflammatory phenotypes with harmful consequences in chronic conditions. Reactive astrocytes and senescent astrocytes share morpho-functional features that are dependent on the organization of the cytoskeleton. However, such changes in the cytoskeleton have yet to receive the necessary attention to explain their role in the alterations of astrocytes that are associated with aging and pathologies. In this review, we summarize all the available findings that connect changes in the cytoskeleton of the astrocytes with aging. In addition, we discuss future avenues that we believe will guide such a novel topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristopher Villablanca
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | - René Vidal
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Gonzalez-Billault
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Institute for Nutrition and Food Technologies, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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19
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Oris C, Durif J, Rouzaire M, Pereira B, Bouvier D, Kahouadji S, Abbot M, Brailova M, Lehmann S, Hirtz C, Decq P, Dusfour B, Marchi N, Sapin V. Blood Biomarkers for Return to Play after Concussion in Professional Rugby Players. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:283-295. [PMID: 36047487 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We prospectively evaluated a panel of seven blood biomarkers (S100 calcium-binding protein B [S100B], neuron specific enolase [NSE], spectrin breakdown products [SBDP], ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 [UCHL1], glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], neurofilament light chain [NFL], and tubulin-associated unit [Tau]) for sport-related concussion (SRC) in a large multi-centric cohort of 496 professional rugby players from 14 French elite teams. Players were sampled twice during the season (beginning and end) away from any sport practice. From these two baseline samples, we evaluated the intra-individual variability to establish the effect of rugby on blood biomarkers over a season. Only S100B and GFAP remained stable over the course of a season. During the period of the study, a total of 45 SRC cases was reported for 42 players. In 45 SRCs, the head injury assessment (HIA) process was performed and blood collection was realized 36 h after the concussion (HIA-3 stage). For each biomarker, raw concentrations measured 36 h after SRC were not significantly different between players with a non-resolutive SRC (n = 28) and those with a resolutive SRC (n = 17; p between 0.06 and 0.92). In a second step, blood concentrations measured 36 h after SRC were expressed according to the basal concentrations as an individual percentage change (PCH36[%]), calculated as follows: PCH36 = 100 × (([Biomarker]36h - [Biomarker]basal)/[Biomarker]basal). S100B and NFL concentrations expressed as PCH36[%] were significantly different between non-resolutive and resolutive SRCs (p = 0.006 and 0.01 respectively), with a positive delta found in non-resolutive SRCs. Among the two biomarkers, it is important to note that only the S100B protein was stable during the season. In the context of our study, during HIA-3 assessment, S100B seems to perform better than NSE, SBDP, UCHL1, GFAP, NFL, and Tau as biomarker for SRC. From a clinical standpoint, the S100B modification over baseline may be valuable, at 36 h after concussion to distinguish non-resolutive SRC from resolutive SRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Oris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, INSERM, iGReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julie Durif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marion Rouzaire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics unit (DRCI) Department, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, INSERM, iGReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Samy Kahouadji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, INSERM, iGReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathieu Abbot
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marina Brailova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Decq
- Neurosurgery Department, Beaujon Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
- Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Dusfour
- Medical Committee, French National Rugby League, Paris, France
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Cerebrovascular and Glia Research, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Functional Genomics (UMR 5203 CNRS-U 1191 INSERM, University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, INSERM, iGReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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20
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Rostgaard N, Olsen MH, Ottenheijm M, Drici L, Simonsen AH, Plomgaard P, Gredal H, Poulsen HH, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Hasselbalch SG, MacAulay N, Juhler M. Differential proteomic profile of lumbar and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:6. [PMID: 36670437 PMCID: PMC9863210 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological cerebral conditions may manifest in altered composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although diagnostic CSF analysis seeks to establish pathological disturbances in the brain proper, CSF is generally sampled from the lumbar compartment for reasons of technical ease and ethical considerations. We here aimed to compare the molecular composition of CSF obtained from the ventricular versus the lumbar CSF compartments to establish a relevance for employing lumbar CSF as a proxy for the CSF bathing the brain tissue. METHODS CSF was collected from 46 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) patients during their diagnostic workup (lumbar samples) and in connection with their subsequent CSF diversion shunt surgery (ventricular samples). The mass-spectrometry-based proteomic profile was determined in these samples and in addition, selected biomarkers were quantified with ELISA (S100B, neurofilament light (NfL), amyloid-β (Aβ40, Aβ42), and total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) forms). The latter analysis was extended to include paired porcine samples obtained from the lumbar compartment and the cerebromedullary cistern closely related to the ventricles. RESULTS In total 1231 proteins were detected in the human CSF. Of these, 216 distributed equally in the two CSF compartments, whereas 22 were preferentially (or solely) present in the ventricular CSF and four in the lumbar CSF. The selected biomarkers of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease displayed differential distribution, some with higher (S100B, T-tau, and P-tau) and some with lower (NfL, Aβ40, Aβ42) levels in the ventricular compartment. In the porcine samples, all biomarkers were most abundant in the lumbar CSF. CONCLUSIONS The overall proteomic profile differs between the ventricular and the lumbar CSF compartments, and so does the distribution of clinically employed biomarkers. However, for a range of CSF proteins and biomarkers, one can reliably employ lumbar CSF as a proxy for ventricular CSF if or a lumbar/cranial index for the particular molecule has been established. It is therefore important to verify the compartmental preference of the proteins or biomarkers of interest prior to extrapolating from lumbar CSF to that of the ventricular fluid bordering the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Rostgaard
- grid.475435.4Department of Neurosurgery, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus Harboe Olsen
- grid.475435.4Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maud Ottenheijm
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNNF Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.475435.4Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lylia Drici
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNNF Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.475435.4Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Hviid Simonsen
- grid.475435.4Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Plomgaard
- grid.475435.4Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Gredal
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Harding Poulsen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XClinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK ,grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XClinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Steen Gregers Hasselbalch
- grid.475435.4Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna MacAulay
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Juhler
- grid.475435.4Department of Neurosurgery, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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H Hopman J, A L Santing J, A Foks K, J Verheul R, M van der Linden C, L van den Brand C, Jellema K. Biomarker S100B in plasma a screening tool for mild traumatic brain injury in an emergency department. Brain Inj 2023; 37:47-53. [PMID: 36397287 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2145360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A computerized tomography (CT) scan is an effective test for detecting traumatic intracranial findings after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, a head CT is costly, and can only be performed in a hospital. OBJECTIVE To determine if the addition of plasma S100B to clinical guidelines could lead to a more selective scanning strategy without compromising safety. METHODS We conducted a single center prospective cohort study at the emergency department. Patients (≥16 years) who received head CT and had a blood draw were included. The primary outcome was the accuracy of plasma S100B to predict the presence of any traumatic intracranial lesion on head CT. RESULTS We included 495 patients, out of the 74 patients who had traumatic intracranial lesions, 5 patients had a plasma S100B level below the cutoff value of 0.105 ug/L. For the detection of traumatic intracranial injury, S100B had a sensitivity of 0.932 , a specificity of 0.157, a negative predictive value of 0.930, and a positive predictive value of 0.163. CONCLUSIONS Among patients undergoing guideline-based CT scan for mTBI, the use of S100B, would results in a further decrease (14.8%) of CT scans but at a cost of missed injury, without clinical consequence, on CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlla H Hopman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kelly A Foks
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf J Verheul
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague
| | | | | | - Korné Jellema
- Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
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22
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Jeon SW, Kim YK. Neuron-Microglia Crosstalk in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:3-15. [PMID: 36949303 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated the causes and mechanisms of psychiatric disorders through postmortem examination of patients with a history of a schizophrenia, mood disorder, or neurocognitive disorder. In addition, the search for specific mechanism-based treatments for psychiatric disorders has been intensified through the use of transgenic animal models involving specific genes tightly associated with psychiatric disorders. As a result, many studies with patients or animal models have reported a close association of neuroglia with major psychiatric disorders. Recently, research has focused on the associations between microglia and major psychiatric disorders and on the role of the immune response and abnormal microglia in the onset and symptoms of psychiatric disorders, in particular. Postmortem studies of brain tissue and animal models recapitulating human mental disorders have also confirmed association between psychiatric disorders and quantitative, structural, or functional abnormalities of neuron-microglia crosstalk. This review aims to describe the relationships between microglia and major psychiatric disorders and to specifically examine studies of gene expression and function of microglia in depression, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Mackey M, Holleran L, Donohoe G, McKernan DP. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Damage Associated Molecular Patterns HMGB1 and S100B in Schizophrenia. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:981-990. [PMID: 36588432 PMCID: PMC9806506 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune system dysregulation is hypothesised to be central to the aetiopathogenesis of schizophrenia; however, the role of sterile inflammation remains unclear. Damage associated molecular patterns are key initiators of sterile inflammation and are detectable in peripheral blood. METHODS A defined systematic search of the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus was performed to identify adult case-control studies published between January 1990 and June 2022. Three studies consisting of 242 cases and 83 controls met inclusion for the systematic review and meta-analysis of HMGB1 while twenty-eight studies consisting of 1,544 cases and 1,248 healthy controls were included for S100B. RESULTS A significant standardised mean difference in peripheral S100B and HMGB1 concentrations was detected between cases and controls. S100B subgroup analysis determined the largest significant effect size for unmedicated individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that peripheral S100B and HMGB1 concentrations are elevated in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia when compared with healthy controls. These results should be interpreted with caution as significant heterogeneity was present during meta-analysis of S100B in the entire sample and in sub-group analysis. The persistence of significant heterogeneity throughout subgroup analysis indicates that the current diagnostic groupings may be a barrier to understanding human behaviours and emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mackey
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Gary Donohoe
- School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Declan P. McKernan
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
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24
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Mafuika SN, Naicker T, Harrichandparsad R, Lazarus L. The potential of serum S100 calcium-binding protein B and glial fibrillary acidic protein as biomarkers for traumatic brain injury. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ANATOMY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2022.100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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25
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Hicks C, Dhiman A, Barrymore C, Goswami T. Traumatic Brain Injury Biomarkers, Simulations and Kinetics. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:612. [PMID: 36354523 PMCID: PMC9687153 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the predictive capabilities of blood-based biomarkers to quantify traumatic brain injury (TBI). Biomarkers for concussive conditions also known as mild, to moderate and severe TBI identified along with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) that occur due to repeated blows to the head during one's lifetime. Since the pathways of these biomarkers into the blood are not fully understood whether there is disruption in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the time it takes after injury for the expression of the biomarkers to be able to predict the injury effectively, there is a need to understand the protein biomarker structure and other physical properties. The injury events in terms of brain and mechanics are a result of external force with or without the shrapnel, in the wake of a wave result in local tissue damage. Thus, these mechanisms express specific biomarkers kinetics of which reaches half-life within a few hours after injury to few days. Therefore, there is a need to determine the concentration levels that follow injury. Even though current diagnostics linking biomarkers with TBI severity are not fully developed, there is a need to quantify protein structures and their viability after injury. This research was conducted to fully understand the structures of 12 biomarkers by performing molecular dynamics simulations involving atomic movement and energies of forming hydrogen bonds. Molecular dynamics software, NAMD and VMD were used to determine and compare the approximate thermodynamic stabilities of the biomarkers and their bonding energies. Five biomarkers used clinically were S100B, GFAP, UCHL1, NF-L and tau, the kinetics obtained from literature show that the concentration values abruptly change with time after injury. For a given protein length, associated number of hydrogen bonds and bond energy describe a lower bound region where proteins self-dissolve and do not have long enough half-life to be detected in the fluids. However, above this lower bound, involving higher number of bonds and energy, we hypothesize that biomarkers will be viable to disrupt the BBB and stay longer to be modeled for kinetics for diagnosis and therefore may help in the discoveries of new biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Hicks
- Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, 3640 Col. Glen Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Akshima Dhiman
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Col. Glen Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Chauntel Barrymore
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Col. Glen Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Tarun Goswami
- Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, 3640 Col. Glen Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
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Liu Y, Tu Z, Zhang X, Du K, Xie Z, Lin Z. Pathogenesis and treatment of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: A review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:998328. [PMID: 36133921 PMCID: PMC9484581 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.998328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease with a complex pathogenesis. Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a serious complication of SLE that involves the nervous system and produces neurological or psychiatric symptoms. After decades of research, it is now believed that the diverse clinical manifestations of NPSLE are associated with intricate mechanisms, and that genetic factors, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, vascular lesions, multiple autoimmune antibodies, cytokines, and neuronal cell death may all contribute to the development of NPSLE. The complexity and diversity of NPSLE manifestations and the clinical overlap with other related neurological or psychiatric disorders make its accurate diagnosis difficult and time-consuming. Therefore, in this review, we describe the known pathogenesis and potential causative factors of NPSLE and briefly outline its treatment that may help in the diagnosis and treatment of NPSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Affifiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Tu
- Department of Rheumatology, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Affifiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keqian Du
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Affifiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengquan Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiming Lin, ; Zhengquan Xie,
| | - Zhiming Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Affifiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiming Lin, ; Zhengquan Xie,
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27
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Wang H, Mao X, Ye L, Cheng H, Dai X. The Role of the S100 Protein Family in Glioma. J Cancer 2022; 13:3022-3030. [PMID: 36046652 PMCID: PMC9414020 DOI: 10.7150/jca.73365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The S100 protein family consists of 25 members and share a common structure defined in part by the Ca2+ binding EF-hand motif. Multiple members' dysregulated expression is associated with progression, diagnosis and prognosis in a broad range of diseases, especially in tumors. They could exert wide range of functions both in intracellular and extracellular, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell motility, enzyme activities, immune responses, cytoskeleton dynamics, Ca2+ homeostasis and angiogenesis. Gliomas are the most prevalent primary tumors of the brain and spinal cord with multiple subtypes that are diagnosed and classified based on histopathology. Up to now the role of several S100 proteins in gliomas have been explored. S100A8, S100A9 and S100B were highly expression in serum and may present as a marker correlated with survival and prognosis of glioma patients. Individual member was confirmed as a new regulator of glioma stem cells (GSCs) and a mediator of mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma (GBM). Additionally, several members up- or downregulation have been reported to involve in the development of glioma by interacting with signaling pathways and target proteins. Here we detail S100 proteins that are associated with glioma, and discuss their potential effects on progression, diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xingliang Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
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28
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Luo Z, Wang Y, Pang S, Gao S, Liu N, Gao X, Zhang L, Qi X, Yang Y, Zhang L. Synthesis and Bioactivity Evaluation of a Novel 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Derivative in vitro and in 3×Tg Mice. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3285-3296. [PMID: 36187086 PMCID: PMC9521684 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s372750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease whose patients suffered from cognitive impairments. In our study, a novel 1,2,4-Oxadiazole derivative wyc-7-20 was synthesized, which showed low cytotoxicity and potent neuroprotective effect at the cellular level. Improved cognitive impairments, β-amyloid (Aβ) clearance, and tau pathological phenotypes were detected in transgenic animal models after wyc-7-20 treatment. Reversed expressions in AD-related genes were also detected. The results demonstrated wyc-7-20 was potent in AD therapy. Purpose The pathological complexity of AD increased difficulties in medical research. To explore a new potential medical treatment for AD, a novel 1,2,4-Oxadiazole derivative (wyc-7-20) was designed, synthesized to explore the application in this study. Materials and Methods Human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were used to detect median lethal dose (LD50). H2O2 and Aβ1–42 oligomers (AβOs) were respectively, added into SH-SY5Y cells to detect anti-ROS (reactive oxygen species) and anti-AβOs effects of wyc-7-20. 3×Tg mice were administered with wyc-7-20, and then Y maze test and Morris water maze (MWM) test were applied to detect cognitive improvements. Brain tissue samples were subsequently collected and analyzed using different techniques. Results wyc-7-20 showed low cytotoxicity and potent neuroprotective effect at the cellular level. Improved cognitive impairments, Aβ clearance, and tau pathological phenotypes were detected in transgenic animal models after wyc-7-20 treatment. Reversed expressions in AD-related genes were also detected. Conclusion wyc-7-20 was potent in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongcheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Institute of Material Medical, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Pang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Institute of Material Medical, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yajun Yang, Institute of Material Medical, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
- Lianfeng Zhang, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 10-87778442, Fax +86 10-67776394, Email
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29
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Hosseini A, Samadi M, Baeeri M, Rahimifard M, Haghi-Aminjan H. The neuroprotective effects of melatonin against diabetic neuropathy: A systematic review of non-clinical studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:984499. [PMID: 36120309 PMCID: PMC9470957 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.984499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: Diabetes can cause diabetic neuropathy (DN), a nerve injury. High blood sugar (glucose) levels can harm nerves all over your body. The nerves in your legs and feet are the most commonly affected by DN. The purpose of this study was to conduct a review of melatonin’s potential neuroprotective properties against DN. Method: A full systematic search was conducted in several electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science) up to March 2022 under the PRISMA guidelines. Forty-seven studies were screened using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, the current systematic review included nine publications that met the inclusion criteria. Result: According to in vivo findings, melatonin treatment reduces DN via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. However, compared to the diabetes groups alone, melatonin treatment exhibited an anti-oxidant trend. According to other research, DN also significantly produces biochemical alterations in neuron cells/tissues. Additionally, histological alterations in neuron tissue following DN were detected. Conclusion: Nonetheless, in the majority of cases, these diabetes-induced biochemical and histological alterations were reversed when melatonin was administered. It is worth noting that the administration of melatonin ameliorates the neuropathy caused by diabetes. Melatonin exerts these neuroprotective effects via various anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Hosseini
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahedeh Samadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mahban Rahimifard, ; Hamed Haghi-Aminjan,
| | - Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mahban Rahimifard, ; Hamed Haghi-Aminjan,
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30
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Oruc A, Simsek G. A Pathophysiological Approach To Current Biomarkers. Biomark Med 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815040463122010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are necessary for screening and diagnosing numerous diseases,
predicting the prognosis of patients, and following-up treatment and the course of the
patient. Everyday new biomarkers are being used in clinics for these purposes. This
section will discuss the physiological roles of the various current biomarkers in a
healthy person and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the release of these
biomarkers. This chapter aims to gain a new perspective for evaluating and interpreting
the most current biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Oruc
- Department of Physiology,Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa,
Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gonul Simsek
- Department of Physiology,Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa,
Istanbul, Turkey
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31
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Huang H, He W, Tang T, Qiu M. Immunological Markers for Central Nervous System Glia. Neurosci Bull 2022; 39:379-392. [PMID: 36028641 PMCID: PMC10043115 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00938-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are composed of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia. They contribute more than half of the total cells of the CNS, and are essential for neural development and functioning. Studies on the fate specification, differentiation, and functional diversification of glial cells mainly rely on the proper use of cell- or stage-specific molecular markers. However, as cellular markers often exhibit different specificity and sensitivity, careful consideration must be given prior to their application to avoid possible confusion. Here, we provide an updated overview of a list of well-established immunological markers for the labeling of central glia, and discuss the cell-type specificity and stage dependency of their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Wanjun He
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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32
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Longterm Increased S100B Enhances Hippocampal Progenitor Cell Proliferation in a Transgenic Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179600. [PMID: 36076994 PMCID: PMC9455494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) The neurotrophic protein S100B is a marker of brain injury and has been associated with neuroregeneration. In S100Btg mice rendering 12 copies of the murine S100B gene we evaluated whether S100B may serve as a treatment option. (2) In juvenile, adult, and one-year-old S100Btg mice (female and male; n = 8 per group), progenitor cell proliferation was quantified in the subgranular zone (SGZ) and the granular cell layer (GCL) of the dentate gyrus with the proliferative marker Ki67 and BrdU (50 mg/kg). Concomitant signaling was quantified utilizing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) immunohistochemistry. (3) Progenitor cell proliferation in the SGZ and migration to the GCL was enhanced. Hippocampal GFAP was reduced in one-year-old S100Btg mice. ApoE in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of male and BDNF in the frontal cortex of female S100Btg mice was reduced. RAGE was not affected. (4) Enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis in S100Btg mice was not accompanied by reactive astrogliosis. Sex- and brain region-specific variations of ApoE and BDNF require further elucidations. Our data reinforce the importance of this S100Btg model in evaluating the role of S100B in neuroregenerative medicine.
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Rocha GS, Freire MAM, Paiva KM, Oliveira RF, Norrara B, Morais PLAG, Oliveira LC, Engelberth RCGJ, Cavalcante JS, Cavalcanti JRLP. Effect of senescence on the tyrosine hydroxylase and S100B immunoreactivity in the nigrostriatal pathway of the rat. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 124:102136. [PMID: 35809809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Senescence is a natural and progressive physiological event that leads to a series of morphophysiological alterations in the organism. The brain is the most vulnerable organ to both structural and functional changes during this process. Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter for the proper functioning of the brain, directly involved in circuitries related with emotions, learning, motivation and reward. One of the main dopamine- producing nuclei is the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), which establish connections with the striatum forming the so-called nigrostriatal pathway. S100B is a calcium binding protein mainly expressed by astrocytes, involved in both intracellular and extracellular processes, and whose expression is increased following injury in the nervous tissue, being a useful marker in altered status of central nervous system. The present study aimed to analyze the impact of senescence on the cells immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and S100B along the nigrostriatal pathway of the rat. Our results show an decreased expression of S100B+ cells in SNpc. In addition, there was a significant decrease in TH immunoreactivity in both projection fibers and TH+ cell bodies. In the striatum, a decrease in TH immunoreactivity was also observed, as well as an enlargement of the white matter bundles. Our findings point out that senescence is related to the anatomical and neurochemical changes observed throughout the nigrostriatal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel S Rocha
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurelio M Freire
- Graduate Program in Health and Society, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Karina M Paiva
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Bianca Norrara
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Paulo Leonardo A G Morais
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Lucidio C Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Rodolfo L P Cavalcanti
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health and Society, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
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Tyagi M, Kapoor I, Mahajan C, Gupta N, Prabhakar H. Brain Biomarkers in Patients with COVID-19 and Neurological Manifestations: A Narrative Review. JOURNAL OF NEUROANAESTHESIOLOGY AND CRITICAL CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractAcute hyperinflammatory response (cytokine storm) and immunosuppression are responsible for critical illness in patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is a serious public health crisis that has affected millions of people worldwide. The main clinical manifestations are mostly by respiratory tract involvement and have been extensively researched. Increasing numbers of evidence from emerging studies point out the possibility of neurological involvement by COVID-19 highlighting the need for developing technology to diagnose, manage, and treat brain injury in such patients. Here, we aimed to discuss the rationale for the use of an emerging spectrum of blood biomarkers to guide future diagnostic strategies to mitigate brain injury-associated morbidity and mortality risks in COVID-19 patients, their use in clinical practice, and prediction of neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Tyagi
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Indu Kapoor
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Charu Mahajan
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Neuroanesthesia, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Hemanshu Prabhakar
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Aksoy SH, Yurdaışık I, Timurağaoğlu A. Ionizing Radiation Exposure due to Medical Imaging in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. ISTANBUL MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.4274/imj.galenos.2022.40771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Costas-Ferreira C, Durán R, Faro LRF. Toxic Effects of Glyphosate on the Nervous System: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4605. [PMID: 35562999 PMCID: PMC9101768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate, a non-selective systemic biocide with broad-spectrum activity, is the most widely used herbicide in the world. It can persist in the environment for days or months, and its intensive and large-scale use can constitute a major environmental and health problem. In this systematic review, we investigate the current state of our knowledge related to the effects of this pesticide on the nervous system of various animal species and humans. The information provided indicates that exposure to glyphosate or its commercial formulations induces several neurotoxic effects. It has been shown that exposure to this pesticide during the early stages of life can seriously affect normal cell development by deregulating some of the signaling pathways involved in this process, leading to alterations in differentiation, neuronal growth, and myelination. Glyphosate also seems to exert a significant toxic effect on neurotransmission and to induce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, processes that lead to neuronal death due to autophagy, necrosis, or apoptosis, as well as the appearance of behavioral and motor disorders. The doses of glyphosate that produce these neurotoxic effects vary widely but are lower than the limits set by regulatory agencies. Although there are important discrepancies between the analyzed findings, it is unequivocal that exposure to glyphosate produces important alterations in the structure and function of the nervous system of humans, rodents, fish, and invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lilian R. F. Faro
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (C.C.-F.); (R.D.)
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Astroglial and oligodendroglial markers in the cuprizone animal model for de- and remyelination. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:15-38. [PMID: 35380252 PMCID: PMC9246805 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Myelin loss with consecutive axon degeneration and impaired remyelination are the underlying causes of progressive disease in patients with multiple sclerosis. Astrocytes are suggested to play a major role in these processes. The unmasking of distinct astrocyte identities in health and disease would help to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms in which astrocytes are involved. However, the number of specific astrocyte markers is limited. Therefore, we performed immunohistochemical studies and analyzed various markers including GFAP, vimentin, S100B, ALDH1L1, and LCN2 during de- and remyelination using the toxic murine cuprizone animal model. Applying this animal model, we were able to confirm overlapping expression of vimentin and GFAP and highlighted the potential of ALDH1L1 as a pan-astrocytic marker, in agreement with previous data. Only a small population of GFAP-positive astrocytes in the corpus callosum highly up-regulated LCN2 at the peak of demyelination and S100B expression was found in a subset of oligodendroglia as well, thus S100B turned out to have a limited use as a particular astroglial marker. Additionally, numerous GFAP-positive astrocytes in the lateral corpus callosum did not express S100B, further strengthening findings of heterogeneity in the astrocytic population. In conclusion, our results acknowledged that GFAP, vimentin, LCN2, and ALDH1L1 serve as reliable marker to identify activated astrocytes during cuprizone-induced de- and remyelination. Moreover, there were clear regional and temporal differences in protein and mRNA expression levels and patterns of the studied markers, generally between gray and white matter structures.
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Callai EMM, Zin LEF, Catarina LS, Ponzoni D, Gonçalves CAS, Vizuete AFK, Cougo MC, Boff J, Puricelli E, Fernandes EK, da Silva Torres IL, Quevedo AS. Evaluation of the immediate effects of a single transcranial direct current stimulation session on astrocyte activation, inflammatory response, and pain threshold in naïve rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 428:113880. [PMID: 35390432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has demonstrated clinical benefits such as analgesia, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the mechanisms of action of a single tDCS session are poorly characterized. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a single tDCS session on pain sensitivity, inflammatory parameters, and astrocyte activity in naive rats. In the first experiment, sixty-day-old male Wistar rats (n=95) were tested for mechanical pain threshold (von Frey test). Afterward, animals were submitted to a single bimodal tDCS (0.5mA, 20minutes) or sham-tDCS session. According to the group, animals were re-tested at different time intervals (30, 60, 120minutes, or 24hours) after the intervention, euthanized, and the cerebral cortex collected for biochemical analysis. A second experiment (n=16) was performed using a similar protocol to test the hypotheses that S100B levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are altered by tDCS. Elisa assay quantified the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL10), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), and Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and independent t-test (P<0.05). Results showed that tDCS decreased pain sensitivity (30 and 60min), cerebral TNF-α and S100B levels (30min). CSF S100B levels increased 30minutes after intervention. There were no differences in IL10 and GFAP levels. TCDS showed analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects in naive animals. Therefore, this non-invasive and inexpensive therapy may potentially be a preemptive alternative to reduce pain, inflammation, and neurodegeneration in situations where patients will undergo medical procedures (e.g., surgery).
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Affiliation(s)
- Etiane Micheli Meyer Callai
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Santa Catarina
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Deise Ponzoni
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Milton Cristian Cougo
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jamile Boff
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Edela Puricelli
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre Silva Quevedo
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Neuroscience Graduate Program, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pharmacology Graduate Program, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Ahmed SH, El Ghareeb AEWA, El-Rahman HAA, Almaaty AHA. Impact of maternal desvenlafaxine exposure on brain development in pregnant albino rats and their fetuses. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23062. [PMID: 35363936 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Depression during pregnancy adversely affects fetal development. Desvenlafaxine drug is used for the treatment of gestational depression. In light of the well-established role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in regulating neurogenesis and neural survival, the role of S100b in nerve cell energetic metabolism, differentiation of neurons and glial cells, an aberrant increase in NGF, BDNF and S100b expression in the fetal brain may contribute to desvenlafaxine cognitive disorders by altering brain development. This study is trying to determine the effect of desvenlafaxine on brain development. Thirty timed pregnant rats (from the 5th to the 20th day) were divided into three groups: control, low dose (5.14 mg/kg/day) and high dose (10.28 mg/kg/day) of desvenlafaxine where all animals received the corresponding doses by gavage. Maternal and fetal brain samples were fixed for histological, immunohistochemical (IHC) study of NGF and evaluated for BDNF and S100b genes expression. Desvenlafaxine induced some of the histopathological alterations in maternal and fetal rat brains. Moreover, IHC analysis of maternal and fetal rat brains showed that groups treated with desvenlafaxine demonstrated a significant increase of NGF protein immunoreactivity compared with that in the controls. Gene expression results revealed upregulation of messenger RNA BDNF and S100B expression. According to developmental changes in the brain, desvenlafaxine affects neonatal growth during pregnancy, which may lead to delay of brain development. So, it is essential to survey the roles of antidepressant drugs on neonatal development during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ali H Abu Almaaty
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
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Barros C, Barateiro A, Neto A, Soromenho B, Bastos AP, Mateus JM, Xapelli S, Sebastião AM, Brites D, Graça L, Fernandes A. S100B inhibition protects from chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac076. [PMID: 35620168 PMCID: PMC9128388 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Studies have correlated excessive S100B, a small inflammatory molecule, with demyelination and associated inflammatory processes occurring in multiple sclerosis. The relevance of S100B in multiple sclerosis pathology brought an emerging curiosity highlighting its use as a potential therapeutic target to reduce damage during the multiple sclerosis course, namely during inflammatory relapses. We examined the relevance of S100B and further investigated the potential of S100B-neutralizing small molecule pentamidine in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. S100B depletion had beneficial pathological outcomes and, based on promising results of a variety of S100B-blockade strategies in an ex vivo demyelinating model we choose pentamidine to assay its role in the in vivo experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We report that pentamidine prevents more aggressive clinical symptoms and improves recovery of chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Blockade of S100B by pentamidine protects against oligodendrogenesis impairment and neuroinflammation by reducing astrocyte reactivity and microglia pro-inflammatory phenotype. Pentamidine also increased regulatory T cell density in the spinal cord suggesting an additional immunomodulatory action. These results showed the relevance of S100B as a main driver of neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and identified an uncharacterized mode of action of pentamidine, strengthening the possibility to use this drug as an anti-inflammatory and remyelinating therapy for progressive multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Barros
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Barateiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Neto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Soromenho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Afonso P Bastos
- Instituto de Medicine Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- CIISA – Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana M Mateus
- Instituto de Medicine Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Medicine Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Medicine Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dora Brites
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Graça
- Instituto de Medicine Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
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Wong PCM, Kang X, So HC, Choy KW. Contributions of common genetic variants to specific languages and to when a language is learned. Sci Rep 2022; 12:580. [PMID: 35022429 PMCID: PMC8755716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research over the past two decades has identified a group of common genetic variants explaining a portion of variance in native language ability. The present study investigates whether the same group of genetic variants are associated with different languages and languages learned at different times in life. We recruited 940 young adults who spoke from childhood Chinese and English as their first (native) (L1) and second (L2) language, respectively, who were learners of a new, third (L3) language. For the variants examined, we found a general decrease of contribution of genes to language functions from native to foreign (L2 and L3) languages, with variance in foreign languages explained largely by non-genetic factors such as musical training and motivation. Furthermore, genetic variants that were found to contribute to traits specific to Chinese and English respectively exerted the strongest effects on L1 and L2. These results seem to speak against the hypothesis of a language- and time-universal genetic core of linguistic functions. Instead, they provide preliminary evidence that genetic contribution to language may depend at least partly on the intricate language-specific features. Future research including a larger sample size, more languages and more genetic variants is required to further explore these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C M Wong
- Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Xin Kang
- Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Research Centre for Language, Cognition and Language Application, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China. .,School of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hon-Cheong So
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwong Wai Choy
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Shen Z, Cui L, Mou S, Ren L, Yuan Y, Shen X, Li G. Combining S100B and Cytokines as Neuro-Inflammatory Biomarkers for Diagnosing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Proof-of-Concept Study Based on Machine Learning. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:881241. [PMID: 35815053 PMCID: PMC9256955 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.881241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) is a neurotrophic factor that regulates neuronal growth and plasticity by activating astrocytes and microglia through the production of cytokines involved in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). However, few studies have combined S100B and cytokines to explore their role as neuro-inflammatory biomarkers in GAD. METHODS Serum S100B and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10) of 108 untreated GAD cases and 123 healthy controls (HC) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) scores and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores were measured to evaluate anxiety and depression severity. This was used to help physicians identify persons having GAD. Machine learning techniques were applied for feature ordering of cytokines and S100B and the classification of persons with GAD and HC. RESULTS The serum S100B, IL-1β, and IL-2 levels of GAD cases were significantly lower than HC (P < 0.001), and the IL-4 level in persons with GAD was significantly higher than HC (P < 0.001). At the same time, IL-10 had no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.215). The feature ranking distinguishing GAD from HC using machine learning ranked the features in the following order: IL-2, IL-1β, IL-4, S100B, and IL-10. The accuracy of S100B combined with IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 in distinguishing persons with GAD from HC was 94.47 ± 2.06% using an integrated back propagation neural network based on a bagging algorithm (BPNN-Bagging). CONCLUSION The serum S-100B, IL-1β, and IL-2 levels in persons with GAD were down-regulated while IL-4 was up-regulated. The combination of S100B and cytokines had a good diagnosis value in determining GAD with an accuracy of 94.47%. Machine learning was a very effective method to study neuro-inflammatory biomarkers interacting with each other and mediated by plenty of factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxia Shen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurosis and Psychosomatic Diseases, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Lijun Cui
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoqi Mou
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lie Ren
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinhua Shen
- Department of Neurosis and Psychosomatic Diseases, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
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Costas-Ferreira C, Faro LRF. Systematic Review of Calcium Channels and Intracellular Calcium Signaling: Relevance to Pesticide Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13376. [PMID: 34948173 PMCID: PMC8704302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides of different chemical classes exert their toxic effects on the nervous system by acting on the different regulatory mechanisms of calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis. Pesticides have been shown to alter Ca2+ homeostasis, mainly by increasing its intracellular concentration above physiological levels. The pesticide-induced Ca2+ overload occurs through two main mechanisms: the entry of Ca2+ from the extracellular medium through the different types of Ca2+ channels present in the plasma membrane or its release into the cytoplasm from intracellular stocks, mainly from the endoplasmic reticulum. It has also been observed that intracellular increases in the Ca2+ concentrations are maintained over time, because pesticides inhibit the enzymes involved in reducing its levels. Thus, the alteration of Ca2+ levels can lead to the activation of various signaling pathways that generate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and, finally, neuronal death. In this review, we also discuss some proposed strategies to counteract the detrimental effects of pesticides on Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilian R. F. Faro
- Departamento de Biología Funcional y Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
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Research Progress on the Role of Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Development of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3883204. [PMID: 34869762 PMCID: PMC8642009 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3883204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), as one of the common postoperative complications, mainly occurs after surgery and anesthesia, especially in the elderly. It refers to cognitive function changes such as decreased learning and memory ability and inability to concentrate. In severe cases, there could be personality changes and a decline in social behavior. At present, a great deal of research had been carried out on POCD, but its specific mechanism remains unclear. The release of peripheral inflammation-related factors, the degradation and destruction of the blood-brain barrier, the occurrence of central inflammation, and the neuronal apoptosis and synaptic loss could be promoted by neuroinflammation indicating that inflammatory mechanisms may play key roles in the occurrence of POCD.
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Streubel-Gallasch L, Zyśk M, Beretta C, Erlandsson A. Traumatic brain injury in the presence of Aβ pathology affects neuronal survival, glial activation and autophagy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22982. [PMID: 34837024 PMCID: PMC8626479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents a widespread health problem in the elderly population. In addition to the acute injury, epidemiological studies have observed an increased probability and earlier onset of dementias in the elderly following TBI. However, the underlying mechanisms of the connection between TBI and Alzheimer's disease in the aged brain and potential exacerbating factors is still evolving. The aim of this study was to investigate cellular injury-induced processes in the presence of amyloid β (Aβ) pathology. For this purpose, a co-culture system of cortical stem-cell derived astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes were exposed to Aβ42 protofibrils prior to a mechanically induced scratch injury. Cellular responses, including neurodegeneration, glial activation and autophagy was assessed by immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry, ELISA and transmission electron microscopy. Our results demonstrate that the combined burden of Aβ exposure and experimental TBI causes a decline in the number of neurons, the differential expression of the key astrocytic markers glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 calcium-binding protein beta, mitochondrial alterations and prevents the upregulation of autophagy. Our study provides valuable information about the impact of TBI sustained in the presence of Aβ deposits and helps to advance the understanding of geriatric TBI on the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Streubel-Gallasch
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marlena Zyśk
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chiara Beretta
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Erlandsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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46
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Saccaro LF, Aimo A, Emdin M, Pico F. Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Ischemic Stroke and Myocardial Infarction: Similarities and Differences. Front Neurol 2021; 12:716316. [PMID: 34764925 PMCID: PMC8576053 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.716316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although reperfusion therapies have greatly improved the outcomes of patients with these conditions, many patients die or are severely disabled despite complete reperfusion. It is therefore important to identify interventions that can prevent progression to ischemic necrosis and limit ischemia-reperfusion injury. A possible strategy is ischemic conditioning, which consists of inducing ischemia – either in the ischemic organ or in another body site [i.e., remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), e.g., by inflating a cuff around the patient's arm or leg]. The effects of ischemic conditioning have been studied, alone or in combination with revascularization techniques. Based on the timing (before, during, or after ischemia), RIC is classified as pre-, per-/peri-, or post-conditioning, respectively. In this review, we first highlight some pathophysiological and clinical similarities and differences between cardiac and cerebral ischemia. We report evidence that RIC reduces circulating biomarkers of myocardial necrosis, infarct size, and edema, although this effect appears not to translate into a better prognosis. We then review cutting-edge applications of RIC for the treatment of ischemic stroke. We also highlight that, although RIC is a safe procedure that can easily be implemented in hospital and pre-hospital settings, its efficacy in patients with ischemic stroke remains to be proven. We then discuss possible methodological issues of previous studies. We finish by highlighting some perspectives for future research, aimed at increasing the efficacy of ischemic conditioning for improving tissue protection and clinical outcomes, and stratifying myocardial infarction and brain ischemia patients to enhance treatment feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi F Saccaro
- Neurology and Stroke Care Unit, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay, France.,Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fernando Pico
- Neurology and Stroke Care Unit, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay, France.,Neurology Department, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines and Paris Saclay University, Versailles, France
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47
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Moreira GG, Cantrelle FX, Quezada A, Carvalho FS, Cristóvão JS, Sengupta U, Puangmalai N, Carapeto AP, Rodrigues MS, Cardoso I, Fritz G, Herrera F, Kayed R, Landrieu I, Gomes CM. Dynamic interactions and Ca 2+-binding modulate the holdase-type chaperone activity of S100B preventing tau aggregation and seeding. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6292. [PMID: 34725360 PMCID: PMC8560819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau is implicated in the formation of oligomers and fibrillar aggregates that evade proteostasis control and spread from cell-to-cell. Tau pathology is accompanied by sustained neuroinflammation and, while the release of alarmin mediators aggravates disease at late stages, early inflammatory responses encompass protective functions. This is the case of the Ca2+-binding S100B protein, an astrocytic alarmin which is augmented in AD and which has been recently implicated as a proteostasis regulator, acting over amyloid β aggregation. Here we report the activity of S100B as a suppressor of tau aggregation and seeding, operating at sub-stoichiometric conditions. We show that S100B interacts with tau in living cells even in microtubule-destabilizing conditions. Structural analysis revealed that tau undergoes dynamic interactions with S100B, in a Ca2+-dependent manner, notably with the aggregation prone repeat segments at the microtubule binding regions. This interaction involves contacts of tau with a cleft formed at the interface of the S100B dimer. Kinetic and mechanistic analysis revealed that S100B inhibits the aggregation of both full-length tau and of the microtubule binding domain, and that this proceeds through effects over primary and secondary nucleation, as confirmed by seeding assays and direct observation of S100B binding to tau oligomers and fibrils. In agreement with a role as an extracellular chaperone and its accumulation near tau positive inclusions, we show that S100B blocks proteopathic tau seeding. Together, our findings establish tau as a client of the S100B chaperone, providing evidence for neuro-protective functions of this inflammatory mediator across different tauopathies. The calcium binding protein S100B is an abundantly expressed protein in the brain and has neuro-protective functions by inhibiting Aβ aggregation and metal ion toxicity. Here, the authors combine cell biology and biochemical experiments with chemical kinetics and NMR measurements and show that S100B protein is an extracellular Tau chaperone and further characterize the interactions between S100B and Tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme G Moreira
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - François-Xavier Cantrelle
- CNRS ERL9002 Integrative Structural Biology, F-59000, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Andrea Quezada
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa S Carvalho
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana S Cristóvão
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Urmi Sengupta
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Medical Research Building, Room 10.138C, Galveston, TX, 77555-1045, USA.,Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nicha Puangmalai
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Medical Research Building, Room 10.138C, Galveston, TX, 77555-1045, USA.,Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ana P Carapeto
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mário S Rodrigues
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), 4050-013, Porto, Portugal
| | - Güenter Fritz
- Institute of Biology, Department of Cellular Microbiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70599, Germany
| | - Federico Herrera
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Medical Research Building, Room 10.138C, Galveston, TX, 77555-1045, USA.,Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- CNRS ERL9002 Integrative Structural Biology, F-59000, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Cláudio M Gomes
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. .,Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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48
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Du J, Yi M, Zhou F, He W, Yang A, Qiu M, Huang H. S100B is selectively expressed by gray matter protoplasmic astrocytes and myelinating oligodendrocytes in the developing CNS. Mol Brain 2021; 14:154. [PMID: 34615523 PMCID: PMC8496084 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the development of central nervous system (CNS) primarily rely on the use of specific molecular markers for different types of neural cells. S100B is widely being used as a specific marker for astrocytes in the CNS. However, the specificity of its expression in astrocyte lineage has not been systematically investigated and thus has remained a lingering issue. In this study, we provide several lines of molecular and genetic evidences that S100B is expressed in both protoplasmic astrocytes and myelinating oligodendrocytes. In the developing spinal cord, S100B is first expressed in the ventral neuroepithelial cells, and later in ALDH1L1+/GS+ astrocytes in the gray matter. Meanwhile, nearly all the S100B+ cells in the white matter are SOX10+/MYRF+ oligodendrocytes. Consistent with this observation, S100B expression is selectively lost in the white matter in Olig2-null mutants in which oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are not produced, and dramatically reduced in Myrf-conditional knockout mutants in which OPCs fail to differentiate. Similar expression patterns of S100B are observed in the developing forebrain. Based on these molecular and genetic studies, we conclude that S100B is not a specific marker for astrocyte lineage; instead, it marks protoplasmic astrocytes in the gray matter and differentiating oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Du
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Min Yi
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Wanjun He
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Aifen Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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49
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Wartchow KM, Rodrigues L, Swierzy I, Buchfelder M, de Souza DO, Gonçalves CA, Kleindienst A. Amyloid-β Processing in Aged S100B Transgenic Mice Is Sex Dependent. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910823. [PMID: 34639161 PMCID: PMC8509484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Calcium-binding protein S100B is involved in neuroregeneration but has also been associated with neurodegeneration. These contrasting effects may result from concentration or duration of exposure. We investigated the effect of long-term increased S100B levels on amyloid-β processing in one-year-old transgenic (tg) mice with 12 copies of the murine S100B gene with specific consideration of sex and specific brain regions. (2) Methods: S100B and amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) were quantified in serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), adipose tissue, and different brain regions by ELISA in wild-type (wt) and S100Btg mice (each n = 7 per group). Thioflavin T (ThT) and Aβ immunostaining were performed for visualization of Aβ deposition. (3) Results: S100B in serum, CSF, and brain was significantly increased in S100Btg mice of both sexes. Aβ42 was significantly increased in the hippocampus of male S100Btg mice (p = 0.0075), and the frontal cortex of female S100Btg mice (p = 0.0262). ThT and Aβ immunostaining demonstrated Aβ deposition in different brain regions in S100Btg mice of both sexes and female wt. (4) Conclusion: Our data validate this experimental model for studying the role of S100B in neurodegeneration and indicate that Aβ processing is sex-dependent and brain region-specific, which deserves further investigation of signaling pathways and behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Minéia Wartchow
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; (K.M.W.); (L.R.); (D.O.d.S.); (C.-A.G.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Leticia Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; (K.M.W.); (L.R.); (D.O.d.S.); (C.-A.G.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Izabela Swierzy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Michael Buchfelder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Diogo Onofre de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; (K.M.W.); (L.R.); (D.O.d.S.); (C.-A.G.)
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; (K.M.W.); (L.R.); (D.O.d.S.); (C.-A.G.)
| | - Andrea Kleindienst
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.S.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
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50
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Jurga AM, Paleczna M, Kadluczka J, Kuter KZ. Beyond the GFAP-Astrocyte Protein Markers in the Brain. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091361. [PMID: 34572572 PMCID: PMC8468264 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea of central nervous system as one-man band favoring neurons is long gone. Now we all are aware that neurons and neuroglia are team players and constant communication between those various cell types is essential to maintain functional efficiency and a quick response to danger. Here, we summarize and discuss known and new markers of astroglial multiple functions, their natural heterogeneity, cellular interactions, aging and disease-induced dysfunctions. This review is focused on newly reported facts regarding astrocytes, which are beyond the old stereotypes. We present an up-to-date list of marker proteins used to identify a broad spectrum of astroglial phenotypes related to the various physiological and pathological nervous system conditions. The aim of this review is to help choose markers that are well-tailored for specific needs of further experimental studies, precisely recognizing differential glial phenotypes, or for diagnostic purposes. We hope it will help to categorize the functional and structural diversity of the astroglial population and ease a clear readout of future experimental results.
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