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Zhao H, Chen C, Chen X, Yang C, Zhang D, Li Y, Zhao H, He J. The Collective Effect of MIP-3α and FL Promotes Dendritic Cell Function Within the Immune Microenvironment of Murine Liver Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:646527. [PMID: 33842360 PMCID: PMC8032989 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.646527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly malignant and lethal tumor. In addition to surgery, immunotherapy is currently a more effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) largely determines the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Based on the universal targeting of TIME modulators in clinical treatment, TIME modulators are promising targets for tumor immunotherapy. We investigated the effect of a double gene expression vector (recombinant galactose-terminal glycol-poly-L-lysine coupled MIP-3α-FL) on dendritic cells (DCs) regulation within the TIME of mice with liver cancer. H22 cells were transfected with a recombinant MIP-3α-FL plasmid to induce DCs differentiation and chemotaxis. The effects of transfection were investigated by flow cytometry following the modified Boyden’s method. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells co-culture revealed changes in the antigen presentation ability of DCs. Further, tumor-bearing mice were injected with the recombinant double gene vector via the tail vein. We compared the survival time, tumor volume, weight of the mice, as well as the number and phenotype of tumor-infiltrating DCs (TIDCs) between groups. The supernatant of transfected H22 cells promoted the phenotypic maturation of DCs, enhancing their chemotaxis. Further, treated DCs promoted the cytokine secretion and killing ability of CIK cells. The survival time of mice injected with the double gene vector was significantly prolonged, while their tumor weight and volume were relatively reduced. Flow cytometry revealed that the number of TIDCs (as well as CD80 and CD86 expression) in the MouseMIP-3α-FL group, were significantly higher than in the control group. The combination of MIP-3α and FL can significantly promote DCs aggregation, maturation, and enhance their antigen presentation ability. The coupling of the double gene vector with glycosylated polylysine can improve the precise targeting of the liver and inhibit tumor growth in vivo, providing a novel approach for immune therapy in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Zhao
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changzhou Chen
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xidong Chen
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chuanli Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Donglin Zhang
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haoliang Zhao
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiefeng He
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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2
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Khan ES, Basharat A. Successful use of balloon tamponade in the management of postpartum hemorrhage in a case of bicornuate uterus. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2018; 6:2050313X18776174. [PMID: 29796270 PMCID: PMC5960844 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x18776174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide 50%-70% of all cases of maternal morbidity have been attributed to postpartum hemorrhage. This report discusses a case of bicornuate uterus in a term pregnancy. The delivery was by cesarean section, which was followed by massive postpartum hemorrhage, managed successfully with balloon tamponade. This is the second reported case of successful management of post partum hemorrhage in a bicornuate uterus with balloon tamponade. A 22-year-old primigravida at 39 weeks of gestational age presented with vaginal leaking of clear fluid. Cesarean section was done due to meconium stained liquor in early labor; with an incidental finding of bicornuate uterus followed by massive postpartum hemorrhage managed successfully with balloon tamponade. The use of uterine balloon tamponade as an effective method to control postpartum hemorrhage has been studied extensively, but use in cases of hemorrhage associated with uterine malformations has not been reported much in literature. Use of uterine balloon tamponade in case of uterine malformations has been highlighted in our case as an effective non-surgical method to control hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erum Saleem Khan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
- Erum Saleem Khan, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 515/516, Goldstreet Aga Khan Hospital for Women, Garden, 74800 Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Basharat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al Nafees Medical College & Hospital, Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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3
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Darwish AM, Abdallah MM, Shaaban OM, Ali MK, Khalaf M, Sabra AMA. Bakri balloon versus condom-loaded Foley’s catheter for treatment of atonic postpartum hemorrhage secondary to vaginal delivery: a randomized controlled trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:747-753. [PMID: 28274173 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1297407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atef M. Darwish
- Woman’s Health University Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Omar M. Shaaban
- Woman’s Health University Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohammed K. Ali
- Woman’s Health University Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Khalaf
- Woman’s Health University Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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4
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Munsell EV, Ross NL, Sullivan MO. Journey to the Center of the Cell: Current Nanocarrier Design Strategies Targeting Biopharmaceuticals to the Cytoplasm and Nucleus. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 22:1227-44. [PMID: 26675220 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666151216151420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
New biopharmaceutical molecules, potentially able to provide more personalized and effective treatments, are being identified through the advent of advanced synthetic biology strategies, sophisticated chemical synthesis approaches, and new analytical methods to assess biological potency. However, translation of many of these structures has been significantly limited due to the need for more efficient strategies to deliver macromolecular therapeutics to desirable intracellular sites of action. Engineered nanocarriers that encapsulate peptides, proteins, or nucleic acids are generally internalized into target cells via one of several endocytic pathways. These nanostructures, entrapped within endosomes, must navigate the intracellular milieu to orchestrate delivery to the intended destination, typically the cytoplasm or nucleus. For therapeutics active in the cytoplasm, endosomal escape continues to represent a limiting step to effective treatment, since a majority of nanocarriers trapped within endosomes are ultimately marked for enzymatic degradation in lysosomes. Therapeutics active in the nucleus have the added challenges of reaching and penetrating the nuclear envelope, and nuclear delivery remains a preeminent challenge preventing clinical translation of gene therapy applications. Herein, we review cutting-edge peptide- and polymer-based design strategies with the potential to enable significant improvements in biopharmaceutical efficacy through improved intracellular targeting. These strategies often mimic the activities of pathogens, which have developed innate and highly effective mechanisms to penetrate plasma membranes and enter the nucleus of host cells. Understanding these mechanisms has enabled advances in synthetic peptide and polymer design that may ultimately improve intracellular trafficking and bioavailability, leading to increased access to new classes of biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, Delaware.
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Appelhans D, Klajnert-Maculewicz B, Janaszewska A, Lazniewska J, Voit B. Dendritic glycopolymers based on dendritic polyamine scaffolds: view on their synthetic approaches, characteristics and potential for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3968-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00339j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The potential of dendritic glycopolymers based on dendritic polyamine scaffolds for biomedical applications is presented and compared with that of the structurally related anti-adhesive dendritic glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department of General Biophysics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- University of Lodz
- 90-236 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Anna Janaszewska
- Department of General Biophysics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- University of Lodz
- 90-236 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Department of General Biophysics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- University of Lodz
- 90-236 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Organic Chemistry of Polymers
- Technische Universität Dresden
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Gutsch D, Appelhans D, Höbel S, Voit B, Aigner A. Biocompatibility and Efficacy of Oligomaltose-Grafted Poly(ethylene imine)s (OM-PEIs) for in Vivo Gene Delivery. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4666-75. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400479g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gutsch
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute
for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabrina Höbel
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute
for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Organische
Chemie der Polymere, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute
for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Gajbhiye V, Gong S. Lectin functionalized nanocarriers for gene delivery. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:552-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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8
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Höbel S, Loos A, Appelhans D, Schwarz S, Seidel J, Voit B, Aigner A. Maltose- and maltotriose-modified, hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine)s (OM-PEIs): Physicochemical and biological properties of DNA and siRNA complexes. J Control Release 2011; 149:146-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Günther M, Lipka J, Malek A, Gutsch D, Kreyling W, Aigner A. Polyethylenimines for RNAi-mediated gene targeting in vivo and siRNA delivery to the lung. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010; 77:438-49. [PMID: 21093588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising strategy to inhibit the expression of pathologically relevant genes, which show aberrant (over-)expression, e.g. in tumors or other pathologies. The induction of RNAi relies on small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which trigger the specific mRNA degradation. Their instability and poor delivery into target tissues including the lung, however, so far severely limits the therapeutic use of siRNAs and requires the development of nanoscale delivery systems. Polyethylenimines (PEIs) are synthetic polymers, which are able to form non-covalent complexes with siRNAs. These nanoscale complexes ('nanoplexes') allow the protection of siRNAs from nucleolytic degradation, their efficient cellular uptake through endocytosis and intracellular release through the 'proton sponge effect'. Chemical modifications of PEIs as well as the coupling of cell/tissue-specific ligands are promising approaches to increase the biocompatibility, specificity and efficacy of PEI-based nanoparticles. This review article gives a comprehensive overview of pre-clinical in vivo studies on the PEI-mediated delivery of therapeutic siRNAs in various animal models. It discusses the chemical properties of PEIs and PEI modifications, and their influences on siRNA knockdown efficacy, on adverse effects of the polymer or the nanoplex and on siRNA biodistribution in vivo. Beyond systemic application, PEI-based complexation allows the local siRNA application to the lung. Biodistribution studies demonstrate cellular uptake of PEI-complexed, but not of naked siRNAs in the lung with little systemic availability of the siRNAs, indicating the usefulness of this approach for the targeting of genes, which are pathologically relevant in lung tumors or lung metastases. Taken together, (i) PEI and PEI derivatives may represent an efficient delivery platform for siRNAs, (ii) siRNA-mediated induction of RNAi is a promising approach for the knockdown of pathologically relevant genes, and (iii) when sufficiently addressing biocompatibility issues, the locoregional delivery of PEI/siRNA complexes may become an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of lung diseases with little systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Günther
- Institute of Pharmacology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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10
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Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM, Benito JM. Cyclodextrin-based gene delivery systems. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 40:1586-608. [PMID: 21042619 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00019a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin (CD) history has been largely dominated by their unique ability to form inclusion complexes with guests fitting in their hydrophobic cavity. Chemical funcionalization was soon recognized as a powerful mean for improving CD applications in a wide range of fields, including drug delivery, sensing or enzyme mimicking. However, 100 years after their discovery, CDs are still perceived as novel nanoobjects of undeveloped potential. This critical review provides an overview of different strategies to promote interactions between CD conjugates and genetic material by fully exploiting the inside-outside/upper-lower face anisotropy of the CD nanometric platform. Covalent modification, self-assembling and supramolecular ligation can be put forward with the ultimate goal to build artificial viruses for programmed and efficient gene therapy (222 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 553, E-41071 Sevilla, Spain.
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11
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Motoyama K, Mori Y, Yamashita S, Hayashi Y, Jono H, Ando Y, Hirayama F, Uekama K, Arima H. In vitro gene delivery mediated by lactosylated dendrimer (generation 3, G3)/α-cyclodextrin conjugates into hepatocytes. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-010-9842-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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12
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Shcharbin DG, Klajnert B, Bryszewska M. Dendrimers in gene transfection. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2009; 74:1070-9. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297909100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Hameed N, Guo Q. Self-assembled complexes of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(styrene)-block
-poly(4-vinyl pyridine). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Di Gioia S, Conese M. Polyethylenimine-mediated gene delivery to the lung and therapeutic applications. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2009; 2:163-88. [PMID: 19920904 PMCID: PMC2761186 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s2708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonviral gene delivery is now considered a promising alternative to viral vectors. Among nonviral gene delivery agents, polyethylenimine (PEI) has emerged as a potent candidate for gene delivery to the lung. PEI has some advantages over other polycations in that it combines strong DNA compaction capacity with an intrinsic endosomolytic activity. However, intracellular (mainly the nuclear membrane) and extracellular obstacles still hamper its efficiency in vitro and in vivo, depending on the route of administration and the type of PEI. Nuclear delivery has been increased by adding nuclear localization signals. To overcome nonspecific interactions with biological fluids, extracellular matrix components and nontarget cells, strategies have been developed to protect polyplexes from these interactions and to increase target specificity and gene expression. When gene delivery into airway epithelial cells of the conducting airways is necessary, aerosolization of complexes seems to be better suited to guarantee higher transgene expression in the airway epithelial cells with lower toxicity than observed with either intratracheal or intravenous administration. Aerosolization, indeed, is useful to target the alveolar epithelium and pulmonary endothelium. Proof-of-principle that PEI-mediated gene delivery has therapeutic application to some genetic and acquired lung disease is presented, using as genetic material either plasmidic DNA or small-interfering RNA, although optimization of formulation and delivery protocols and limitation of toxicity need further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto 1, Foggia, Italy
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15
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Kowtharapu BS, Vincent FC, Bubis A, Verleysdonk S. Lentiviral transfection of ependymal primary cultures facilitates the characterisation of kinocilia-specific promoters. Neurochem Res 2009; 34:1380-92. [PMID: 19191024 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-9918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ependymal primary cultures (EPCs) are an established model for studying ependymal cell biochemistry and the biology of kinocilia-bearing cells. However, the difficulty in causing them to express transgenes at high efficiency has been an important drawback of the system. Indeed plasmid-based transfection attempts remain at an efficiency below 1% and fail to elicit reporter gene expression, namely green fluorescent protein (GFP) synthesis, in any of the kinocilia-bearing cells of the cultures. Human immunodeficiency virus pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein (HIV/VSV-G) and encoding GFP under the control of the ubiquitously recognised promoter of elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1alpha) also does not cause transgene expression in the kinocilia-bearing cells of an EPC when applied at multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of up to 40 and destroys the culture when the MOI is increased further. In contrast, HIV/VSV-G encoding GFP under the control of a promoter specifically active in kinocilia-bearing cells leads to transgene expression in up to 79% of the kinociliated cells of an EPC when applied at an MOI of 20. This has permitted the initial characterisation of the promoter for the gene specifically transcribed in kinocilia-bearing cells, wdr16. The results have identified two regions of 100 nucleotides length each, which are critical for promoter activity and contain putative binding sites for the transcription factors Foxd1, Sox17 and Spz1. It appears that wdr16 is controlled by a bidirectional promoter also responsible for regulating the syntaxin 8 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani S Kowtharapu
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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16
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Grosse S, Thévenot G, Aron Y, Duverger E, Abdelkarim M, Roche AC, Monsigny M, Fajac I. In vivo gene delivery in the mouse lung with lactosylated polyethylenimine, questioning the relevance of in vitro experiments. J Control Release 2008; 132:105-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Di Gioia S, Rejman J, Carrabino S, De Fino I, Rudolph C, Doherty A, Hyndman L, Di Cicco M, Copreni E, Bragonzi A, Colombo C, Boyd AC, Conese M. Role of Biophysical Parameters on ex Vivo and in Vivo Gene Transfer to the Airway Epithelium by Polyethylenimine/Albumin Complexes. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:859-66. [DOI: 10.1021/bm701190p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sante Di Gioia
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Joanna Rejman
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Salvatore Carrabino
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Ida De Fino
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Carsten Rudolph
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Ann Doherty
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Laura Hyndman
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Maurizio Di Cicco
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Elena Copreni
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Carla Colombo
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - A. Christopher Boyd
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Massimo Conese
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
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Masuda T, Akita H, Nishio T, Niikura K, Kogure K, Ijiro K, Harashima H. Development of lipid particles targeted via sugar-lipid conjugates as novel nuclear gene delivery system. Biomaterials 2007; 29:709-23. [PMID: 18001828 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Efficient nuclear gene delivery is essential for successful gene therapy. This study developed a novel system that mimics the mechanism of nuclear entry of adenovirus (Ad) by means of a Multifunctional Envelope-type Nano Device (MEND). In this system, plasmid DNA (pDNA) was condensed with polycation, followed by encapsulation in a lipid membrane. To target MEND to the nuclear pore complex (NPC), sugar served as a NPC-mediated nuclear targeting device was modified on the surface of the lipid envelope. This was accomplished via synthesis of a sugar-cholesterol conjugate. After binding of the MEND to the NPC, the pDNA core was transferred into the nucleus in conjunction with a breakdown of the lipid envelope. Sugar-modified MEND showed higher transfection efficiency compared with unmodified MEND, in non-dividing and dividing cells. Confocal microscopy confirmed that nuclear transfer of pDNA was improved by sugar modification of MEND. Furthermore, destabilization of the lipid envelope significantly enhanced transfection activity: therefore, nuclear-delivery efficiency was closely related to lipid envelope stability. Moreover, quantitative evaluation of cellular uptake and nuclear transfer processes by real-time PCR confirmed that the surface sugars affected nuclear transfer, but not cellular uptake. In summary, a novel system for the nuclear delivery of pDNA was successfully developed by using a sugar-modified MEND and by optimizing the lipid envelope stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Masuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
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Grosse S, Aron Y, Thévenot G, Monsigny M, Fajac I. Cytoskeletal involvement in the cellular trafficking of plasmid/PEI derivative complexes. J Control Release 2007; 122:111-7. [PMID: 17658650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Revised: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the cytoskeletal involvement in the cellular trafficking of complexes made with plasmid/PEI or plasmid/lactosylated PEI in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells (SigmaCFTE29o- cells). Complexes were incubated in the presence of cytoskeletal inhibitors, and the number of transfected cells was determined by flow cytometry. Complexes were also generated with fluorescein-labeled PEI derivatives and the cell fluorescence intensity was determined by flow cytometry. In the presence of cytochalasin D to depolymerize actin filaments or nocodazole to disrupt microtubules, gene transfer efficiency with both PEI derivatives was decreased by 90%. The uptake of fluoresceinylated complexes studied by flow cytometry was decreased by 50% in the presence of cytochalasin D for both types of complexes (p<0.005) and unchanged in the presence of nocodazole. When cytoskeletal inhibitors were added to the cell culture after the complex uptake had occurred, gene transfer efficiency was decreased by 75% and 50% in the presence of nocodazole and cytochalasin D, respectively. Upon nocodazole-microtubule network disruption, the lysosomal localization of complexes was reduced, as assessed by confocal microscopy. Our results show a major cytoskeletal involvement in the cellular trafficking of complexes made with both PEI derivatives: actin filaments mainly in complex uptake, and microtubules in the trafficking of complexes towards the nucleus, probably through guided transport of complex-containing endosomal vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Grosse
- Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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21
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Yan H, Tram K. Glycotargeting to improve cellular delivery efficiency of nucleic acids. Glycoconj J 2007; 24:107-23. [PMID: 17268860 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-006-9023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Revised: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids bearing glycans of various structures have been under vigorous investigation in the past decade. The carbohydrate moieties of such complexes can serve as recognition sites for carbohydrate-binding proteins-lectins-and initiate receptor-mediated endocytosis. Therefore, carbohydrates can enhance cell targeting and internalization of nucleic acids that are associated with them and thus improve the bioavailability of nucleic acids as therapeutic agents. This review summarizes nucleic acid glycosylation in nature and approaches for the preparation of both non-covalently associated and covalently-linked carbohydrate-nucleic acid complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave., St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
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Arima H, Chihara Y, Arizono M, Yamashita S, Wada K, Hirayama F, Uekama K. Enhancement of gene transfer activity mediated by mannosylated dendrimer/α-cyclodextrin conjugate (generation 3, G3). J Control Release 2006; 116:64-74. [PMID: 17083992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2006] [Revised: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To enhance gene transfer activity of dendrimers, we prepared its conjugate (generation 3, G3) with alpha-cyclodextrin bearing mannose (Man-alpha-CDE conjugates) with various degrees of substitution of the mannose moiety (DSM5, 10, 13, 20) and compared their cytotoxicity and gene transfer activity, and elucidated the enhancing mechanism for the activity. Of the various carriers used here, Man-alpha-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) provided the highest gene transfer activity in NR8383, A549, NIH3T3 and HepG2 cells, being independent of the expression of mannose receptors. Gene transfer activity of Man-alpha-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) was not decreased by the addition of 10% serum in A549 cells. Cytotoxicity of the polyplex with Man-alpha-CDE conjugates (G3, DSM10) was not observed in A549 and NIH3T3 cells up to the charge ratio of 200/1 (carrier/pDNA). The gel mobility and particle size of polyplex with Man-alpha-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) were relevant to those with alpha-CDE conjugate (G3), but zeta-potential, DNase I stability, pDNA condensation of the former polyplex were somewhat different from those of the latter one. Cellular association of polyplex with Man-alpha-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) was almost comparable to that with dendrimer (G3) complex and alpha-CDE conjugate (G3). The addition of mannan and mannose attenuated gene transfer activity of Man-alpha-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) in A549 cells. Alexa-pDNA complex with TRITC-Man-alpha-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10), but not the complex with TRITC-alpha-CDE conjugate (G3), was found to translocate to nucleus at 24 h after incubation in A549 cells. HVJ-E vector including mannan, but neither the vector alone nor the vector including dextran, suppressed the nuclear localization of TRITC-Man-alpha-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) to a striking degree after 24 h incubation in A549 cells. These results suggest that Man-alpha-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) has less cytotoxicity and prominent gene transfer activity through not only its serum resistant and endosome-escaping abilities but also nuclear localization ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Arima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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Grosse S, Thévenot G, Monsigny M, Fajac I. Which mechanism for nuclear import of plasmid DNA complexed with polyethylenimine derivatives? J Gene Med 2006; 8:845-51. [PMID: 16685744 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the nuclear import mechanism of plasmid/polyethylenimine (PEI) derivative complexes and the putative nuclear targeting of therapeutic genes by the use of oligosaccharides, we have studied the nuclear import of plasmid DNA complexed either with PEI or with lactosylated PEI (Lac-PEI) in cystic fibrosis human airway epithelial cells ( summation operatorCFTE29o- cells). METHODS AND RESULTS Cells were synchronized by a double-thymidine block protocol and gene transfer efficiency was evaluated: Lac-PEI- and PEI-mediated gene transfer was greatly increased when cells have undergone mitosis during the course of transfection. However, both types of complexes were able to transfect some growth-arrested cells. When the nuclear import of plasmid/Lac-PEI or plasmid/unsubstituted PEI complexes was studied in digitonin-permeabilized cells, the nuclear uptake of both types of complexes did not follow the classic pathway of nuclear localization sequence (NLS)-containing proteins and lactose residues did not act as a nuclear localization signal. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that for complexes made with PEI derivatives, the major route for plasmid DNA nuclear entry is a passive nuclear importation during mitosis when the nuclear membrane temporarily breaks down. However, albeit to a lesser extent as that observed in dividing cells, a plasmid DNA importation also occurs in nondividing cells by a yet unknown mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Grosse
- Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, EA 2511, Paris, France
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Issa MM, Köping-Höggård M, Tømmeraas K, Vårum KM, Christensen BE, Strand SP, Artursson P. Targeted gene delivery with trisaccharide-substituted chitosan oligomers in vitro and after lung administration in vivo. J Control Release 2006; 115:103-12. [PMID: 16901570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2006] [Revised: 06/22/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to improve the gene delivery efficacy of chitosan oligomer polyplexes by introducing a trisaccharide branch that targets cell-surface lectins. For this purpose, chitosan oligomers were substituted by a trisaccharide with the N-acetylglucosamine residue at the free end, and the ability of the trisaccharide-substituted chitosan oligomers (TCO) polyplexes to transfect various cell lines in vitro and lung tissue after in vivo administration to mice was investigated. Live-cell confocal microscopy showed improved cellular uptake in HEK 293 cells (11-fold, p<0.001) for the TCO polyplexes compared with the linear chitosan oligomers. Colloidal stability was also enhanced with the substituted form, which suggests that the trisaccharide branch stabilised the polyplexes by means of a steric stabilisation mechanism. Interestingly, gene expression levels in the human liver hepatocyte (HepG2) cells were 10-fold higher with the TCO polyplexes than those mediated by polyethyleneimine. A similar improvement was obtained in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE14o-). Transfection with the TCO was significantly inhibited (by 30-80%), for all the cell lines tested, in the presence of the free trisaccharide branch, confirming lectin-mediated uptake. Finally, in vivo studies showed that, 24 h after lung administration to mice, luciferase gene expression was 4-fold higher with the TCO than with the corresponding linear chitosan oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Issa
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Patnaik S, Aggarwal A, Nimesh S, Goel A, Ganguli M, Saini N, Singh Y, Gupta KC. PEI-alginate nanocomposites as efficient in vitro gene transfection agents. J Control Release 2006; 114:398-409. [PMID: 16891026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Revised: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The positive charge on PEI was partially shielded by forming ionic nanocomposites with a polysaccharide, alginic acid, in aqueous solution, bypassing tedious chemical synthesis. The content of alginic acid was varied systematically to obtain a series of nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were first characterized by assessing the surface charge (zeta potential), size (DLS) and morphology (AFM) followed by evaluation for their DNA interaction ability, cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency on various cell lines. The transfection efficiency of PEI-alginate (6.26%) nanocomposites improved dramatically (2-16-fold over native PEI) in all the cell lines studied. However, a decrease in transfection efficiency was observed on deviating from this optimal concentration of alginic acid in nanocomposites. Cytotoxicity of PEI-alginate/DNA complexes was nearly abolished on increasing the concentration of alginic acid in nanocomposites. PEI-alginate (6.26%) nanocomposites also delivered SiRNAs efficiently into mammalian cells, resulting in 80% suppression of GFP expression. The cellular uptake and endosomal escape of PEI-alginate nanocomposites and PEI were found to follow a similar route when transfection was carried out in presence of chloroquine, bafilomycin A1, cytochalasin B and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. The results demonstrate a versatile vector that can be used for efficient cytoplasmic delivery of a broad range of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Patnaik
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi-110 007, India
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27
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Hashimoto M, Morimoto M, Saimoto H, Shigemasa Y, Sato T. Lactosylated chitosan for DNA delivery into hepatocytes: the effect of lactosylation on the physicochemical properties and intracellular trafficking of pDNA/chitosan complexes. Bioconjug Chem 2006; 17:309-16. [PMID: 16536460 DOI: 10.1021/bc050228h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a useful nonviral vector for gene delivery. To make a pDNA/chitosan complex specific to hepatocytes, lactose-modified chitosan (lac-chitosan) was synthesized. When the percentage of lactose residues substituted was 8%, lac-chitosan showed excellent DNA-binding ability, good protection of DNA from nuclease, and the suppression of self-aggregation and serum-induced aggregation. Although the cellular uptake efficiency of the pDNA/lac-chitosan complex was almost the same as that of the pDNA/chitosan complex, the cell transfection efficiency of the former was greater for HepG2 cells having asialoglycoprotein receptors. Inhibitor of endocytosis such as bafilomycin A1 and nocodazole significantly reduced the transfection efficiency of the pDNA/lac-chitosan complex. Observations with a confocal laser scanning microscope indicated that the pDNA/lac-chitosan complexes traversed endocytic compartments more rapidly than the pDNA/chitosan complex. Furthermore, the pDNA/lac-chitosan complexes were delivered to the late endosome and have the advantage of delivering DNA to the perinuclear region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Hashimoto
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
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Chihara Y, Arima H, Arizono M, Wada K, Hirayama F, Uekama K. Serum-resistant Gene Transfer Activity of Mannosylated Dendrimer/α-Cyclodextrin Conjugate (G3). J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-006-9067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Grosse S, Aron Y, Thévenot G, François D, Monsigny M, Fajac I. Potocytosis and cellular exit of complexes as cellular pathways for gene delivery by polycations. J Gene Med 2006; 7:1275-86. [PMID: 15906406 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although polycations are among the most efficient nonviral vectors for gene transfer, the gene expression they allow is still too low for in vivo applications. To engineer more potent polycationic vectors, the factors governing the intracellular trafficking of a plasmid complexed with current polycations need to be identified. METHODS AND RESULTS The trafficking of plasmid DNA complexed to glycosylated polylysines or polyethylenimine (PEI) derivatives was studied by electron microscopy of human airway epithelial cells. The cellular processing of complexes varied with their size and the polycation derivative used: large complexes (> 200 nm) made with all polycationic vectors studied were internalized by macropinocytosis. In contrast, intermediate (100-200 nm) ligand-coupled polylysine and PEI complexes primarily entered through clathrin-coated pits. Complexes were then found in endosomal vesicles, accumulated in lysosomes or vesicles near the nucleus and their nuclear entry was limited. For the population of small complexes (< or = 100 nm) obtained with PEI derivatives, they were internalized through caveolae and pursued a traffic pattern of potocytosis to the endoplasmic reticulum where their fate remains unclear. Finally, some complexes exited the cells either by regurgitation when PEI derivatives were used or through an exosome-like pathway for glycosylated-polylysine complexes. CONCLUSIONS The different pathways of complex trafficking observed in relation with complex size imply the development and study of vectors forming complexes with definite size. Moreover, the complex exit we describe may contribute to the well-established short-term efficiency of gene transfer based on synthetic vectors. It favors the engineering of vectors allowing repeated treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Grosse
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire, IFR Alfred Jost, CHU Cochin, AP-HP-Université Paris 5, Paris, France
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30
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Honoré I, Grosse S, Frison N, Favatier F, Monsigny M, Fajac I. Transcription of plasmid DNA: Influence of plasmid DNA/polyethylenimine complex formation. J Control Release 2005; 107:537-46. [PMID: 16087268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Revised: 06/09/2005] [Accepted: 06/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is one of the most potent non-viral vectors. We have developed a lactosylated PEI (Lac-PEI) to enhance cell-specific transfection and have shown that Lac-PEI is more efficient than unsubstituted PEI for gene transfer into immortalized cystic fibrosis airway epithelial SigmaCFTE29o-cells. As both intact PEI/plasmid and Lac-PEI/plasmid complexes are found in the cell nucleus, we have investigated the transcription efficiency of the plasmid complexed with PEI or Lac-PEI, according to the polymer nitrogen/DNA phosphate (N/P) ratio (from 0 to 20). The initiation of transgene transcription was analyzed in an acellular nuclease S1 transcription assay. For both PEI and Lac-PEI complexes, transcription efficiency varied with the N/P ratio of the complexes. Transcription inhibition was observed when plasmid DNA was either loosely (N/P<5) or tightly condensed (N/P>15). For an N/P ratio of 5 and up to 15, transcription of the complexed plasmid was as efficient as that of the free plasmid. Similar results were observed when gene expression was studied after nuclear microinjection of the complexes into SigmaCFTE29o-cells. Our study shows that condensation of DNA influences the accessibility of the plasmid to the transcription machinery. Interestingly, the charge ratios that allow the most efficient transcription are those usually known to be the most efficient for gene transfer in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Honoré
- Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, EA 2511, Paris, France
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Wada K, Arima H, Tsutsumi T, Hirayama F, Uekama K. Enhancing effects of galactosylated dendrimer/alpha-cyclodextrin conjugates on gene transfer efficiency. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:500-5. [PMID: 15744077 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To improve in vitro gene transfer efficiency and/or achieve cell-specific gene delivery of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) starburst dendrimer (generation 2, G2) conjugate with alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CDE conjugate (G2)), we prepared alpha-CDE conjugate bearing galactose (Gal-alpha-CDE conjugates) with the various degrees of substitution of the galactose moiety (DSG) as a novel non-viral vector. The agarose gel electrophoretic studies revealed that Gal-alpha-CDE conjugates formed complexes with plasmid DNA (pDNA) and protected the degradation of pDNA by DNase I, but these effects impaired as the DSG value increased. Dendrimer and alpha-CDE conjugate exerted pDNA condensation through the complexation, but Gal-alpha-CDE conjugates did not. Gal-alpha-CDE conjugate (DSG 4) was found to have much higher gene transfer activity than dendrimer, alpha-CDE conjugate and Gal-alpha-CDE conjugates (DSG 8, 15) in HepG2, NIH3T3 and A549 cells, which are independent of the expression of the asialoglycoprotein receptor. Transfection activity of Gal-alpha-CDE conjugate (DSG 4) was insensitive to the existence of competitors (asialofetuin and galactose) and serum. In addition, no cytotoxicity after transfection of the complex of pDNA with Gal-alpha-CDE conjugate (DSG 4) was observed. These results suggest the potential use of Gal-alpha-CDE conjugate (DSG 4) as a non-viral vector in various cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Wada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto, Japan
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Abstract
A decade ago it was widely anticipated that cystic fibrosis would be one of the first diseases to be treated by gene therapy. The difficult hurdle of cloning the responsible gene had been accomplished, its function was established and the lung appeared readily accessible for gene replacement. Since the first clinical trials for cystic fibrosis lung disease in the early 1990s it has become increasingly apparent that successful lung-directed gene therapy is significantly more complex than was first envisioned. Numerous obstacles including vector toxicity, inefficient transgene expression and limited vector production have delayed progress. An increased understanding of vector biology and host interaction has led to the development of novel strategies to enhance the efficiency and selectivity of gene delivery to the lung. Although significant challenges remain, there is now a realistic prospect of a clinically effective treatment in the next 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Tate
- Belfast City Hospital, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Northern Ireland.
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33
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Wada K, Arima H, Tsutsumi T, Chihara Y, Hattori K, Hirayama F, Uekama K. Improvement of gene delivery mediated by mannosylated dendrimer/alpha-cyclodextrin conjugates. J Control Release 2005; 104:397-413. [PMID: 15907588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2004] [Revised: 02/10/2005] [Accepted: 02/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate in vitro and in vivo gene delivery efficiency of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) starburst dendrimer (generation 2, G2) conjugate with alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CDE conjugate (G2)) bearing mannose (Man-alpha-CDE conjugates) with the various degrees of substitution of the mannose moiety (DSM) as a novel non-viral vector in a variety of cells. Man-alpha-CDE conjugates (DSM 3.3 and 4.9) were found to have much higher gene transfer activity than dendrimer, alpha-CDE conjugate and Man-alpha-CDE conjugates (DSM 1.1 and 8.3) in various cells, which are independent of the expression of cell surface mannose receptors. Cellular association of pDNA complexes with dendrimer, alpha-CDE conjugate and Man-alpha-CDE conjugate (DSM 3.3) and their cytotoxic effects differed only very slightly. Surface plasmon resonance study demonstrated that the specific binding activity of Man-alpha-CDE conjugates to concanavalin A was not very strong. Much more conjugation of the mannose moiety to alpha-CDE conjugates provided unfavorable physicochemical properties of pDNA complexes for gene transfer, e.g. the low interaction with pDNA, the low enzymatic stability of pDNA and the lack of pDNA compaction. Man-alpha-CDE conjugate (DSM 3.3) provided gene transfer activity higher than dendrimer and alpha-CDE conjugate in kidney 12 h after intravenous injection in mice. These results suggest the potential use of Man-alpha-CDE conjugate (DSM 3.3) as a non-viral vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Wada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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34
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Cryan SA. Carrier-based strategies for targeting protein and peptide drugs to the lungs. AAPS JOURNAL 2005; 7:E20-41. [PMID: 16146340 PMCID: PMC2751494 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj070104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With greater interest in delivery of protein and peptide-based drugs to the lungs for topical and systemic activity, a range of new devices and formulations are being investigated. While a great deal of recent research has focused on the development of novel devices, attention must now be paid to the formulation of these macromolecular drugs. The emphasis in this review will be on targeting of protein/peptide drugs by inhalation using carriers and ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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35
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The first cystic fibrosis gene therapy trials were carried out in 1993, and although proof-of-principle for gene transfer to the lungs was established, efficiency was generally low. The authors review the most recent advances in preclinical airway gene transfer and summarize the results from the latest clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Recent clinical trials report encouraging results. Repeat administration of adeno-associated virus to the lung was safe. Nonviral nanoparticles used, for the first time, in the nose of cystic fibrosis patients were also safe and led to partial correction of the chloride transport defect in nasal epithelium. Important advances have been made in preclinical research, including the development of new viral and nonviral gene transfer agents and improved plasmid DNA. In addition, physical delivery methods, such a magnetofection and electroporation, are being assessed to improve nonviral gene transfer. SUMMARY Considerable progress has been made in understanding and overcoming the problems associated with gene transfer to airway epithelial cells, the target cells for cystic fibrosis gene therapy. It has also been recognized that novel preclinical and clinical assays are crucial for the success of cystic fibrosis gene therapy, and considerable effort is currently being put into assay development and trial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Griesenbach
- Department of Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.
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36
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Griesenbach U, Geddes DM, Alton EWFW. Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis: an example for lung gene therapy. Gene Ther 2004; 11 Suppl 1:S43-50. [PMID: 15454956 PMCID: PMC7092152 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is currently being evaluated for a wide range of acute and chronic lung diseases. The requirement of gene transfer into the individual cell types of the complex lung structure will very much depend on the target disease. Over the last decade, the gene therapy community has recognized that there is not even one vector that is good for all applications, but that the gene transfer agent has to be carefully chosen. Gene therapy is particularly attractive for diseases that currently do not have satisfactory treatment options and probably easier for monogenic disorders than for complex diseases. Cystic fibrosis (CF) fulfills these criteria and is therefore a good candidate for gene therapy-based treatment. This review will focus on CF as an example for lung gene therapy and discuss the progress made in this field over the last couple of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Griesenbach
- Department of Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine at the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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Gonçalves C, Mennesson E, Fuchs R, Gorvel JP, Midoux P, Pichon C. Macropinocytosis of Polyplexes and Recycling of Plasmid via the Clathrin-Dependent Pathway Impair the Transfection Efficiency of Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells. Mol Ther 2004; 10:373-85. [PMID: 15294184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2004] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the entry mechanism and intracellular routing of polyplexes is of major importance for designing efficient gene delivery systems. We therefore investigated the internalization and trafficking of polyplexes in HepG2 cells. pDNA encoding the luciferase was complexed with histidylated polylysine (His-pLK), a polymer that requires acidic pH for pDNA endosomal release. Fluoresceinylated polyplexes (F-His-pLK or F-pDNA) were internalized by clathrin-dependent and -independent pathways. The latter most likely occurred by macropinocytosis since it was stimulated by phorbol myristate and blocked by dimethylamiloride. Intracellular routing of the plasmid was analyzed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. These data revealed that: (i) one part of the plasmid was present in vesicles that were not labeled with any known organelle-specific marker, (ii) the other part was in transferrin receptor-positive vesicles, and (iii) the plasmid was not transferred to late endosomes/lysosomes. Using luciferase activity as a readout for gene expression, we found that it was strongly reduced when macropinocytosis was stimulated, whereas macropinocytosis inhibitors had no effect. However, blocking clathrin-dependent internalization by chlorpromazine completely prevented gene expression. These findings demonstrate that: (i) macropinocytosis of polyplexes and (ii) plasmid recycling impair the transfection efficiency and (iii) clathrin-dependent endocytosis is the most productive route for transfection of HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gonçalves
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR4301 CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, Cedex 2, France
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Fajac I, Grosse S, Collombet JM, Thevenot G, Goussard S, Danel C, Grillot-Courvalin C. Recombinant Escherichia coli as a gene delivery vector into airway epithelial cells. J Control Release 2004; 97:371-81. [PMID: 15196763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2003] [Accepted: 03/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To transfer genes into airway epithelial cells, we have generated auxotrophic dap Escherichia coli BM2710 mutant that expresses the invasin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and the listeriolysin of Listeria monocytogenes. E. coli BM2710 harboring a plasmid carrying the gfp gene was incubated with immortalized normal or cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelial cells or with primary bronchial epithelial cells grown as an explant-outgrowth cell culture model. Approximately 2% of immortalized cells expressed GFP. Few primary cells were transfected that were always poorly differentiated and located at the edge of the outgrowth. This was consistent with the expression of beta1-integrins only on these cells and with the required interaction for cell entry of E. coli expressing the invasin with beta1-integrins. The subsequent intracellular trafficking of E. coli BM2710 studied by confocal and electronic microscopy showed that the E. coli-containing phagosomes rapidly matured into phagolysosomes. This is the first demonstration that recombinant bacteria are able to transfer genes into primary airway epithelial cells, provided that they are able to invade the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fajac
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire, Faculté de Medecine Cochin, AP-HP-Université Paris 5, IFR Alfred Jost, CHU Cochin, 24 rue du fg St. Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
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Bies C, Lehr CM, Woodley JF. Lectin-mediated drug targeting: history and applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2004; 56:425-35. [PMID: 14969751 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2003.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2003] [Accepted: 10/14/2003] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to review the history of using lectins to target and deliver drugs to their site of action. The hour of birth of "lectinology" may be defined as the description of the agglutinating properties of ricin, by Herrmann Stillmark in 1888, however, the modern era of lectinology began almost 100 years later in 1972 with the purification of different plant lectins by Sharon and Lis. The idea to use lectins for drug delivery came in 1988 from Woodley and Naisbett, who proposed the use of tomato lectin (TL) to target the luminal surface of the small intestine. Besides the targeting to specific cells, the lectin-sugar interaction can also been used to trigger vesicular transport into or across epithelial cells. The concept of bioadhesion via lectins may be applied not only for the GI tract but also for other biological barriers like the nasal mucosa, the lung, the buccal cavity, the eye and the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Bies
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Abstract
Many cells express surface membrane lectins that selectively bind and carry glycoconjugates into intracellular endosomes; in addition, various intracellular membrane and soluble lectins act as shuttles between different compartments. On this basis, we developed glycosylated polycations, now called glycofectins (glycosylated polylysine and polyethyleneimine). Recently, we set up a simple way to transform oligosaccharides into glycosynthons suitable to substitute proteins or polymers. Glycofectins bind plasmid DNA leading to compact glycoplexes. Glycoplexes prepared with glycofectins were found to be much more active than naked plasmid to transfer genes to various types of cells including human airway epithelial and serous cells. The gene transfer efficiency was found to depend on the nature of the sugars borne by glycofectins. It appeared that the sugar-dependent efficiency was not only related to the uptake but also to the intracellular traffic of glycoplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fajac
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire, CHU Cochin, AP-HP-Université Paris V, Paris, France
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