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Elnagi EA, AL-Maqati TN, Alnaam Y, Adam AA, Rabaan AA, Mohamed ZS, Amer A, Almarfoi HL. The prevalence of SEN virus among blood donors in the Eastern Province of KSA. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3922-3925. [PMID: 34220248 PMCID: PMC8241597 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elmoeiz A. Elnagi
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thekra N. AL-Maqati
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Alnaam
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Adam
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopklins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinab S. Mohamed
- Faculty of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Anisah Amer
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussa L. Almarfoi
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Xu L, Zhu Y, Ren L, Xu B, Liu C, Xie Z, Shen K. Characterization of the nasopharyngeal viral microbiome from children with community-acquired pneumonia but negative for Luminex xTAG respiratory viral panel assay detection. J Med Virol 2017; 89:2098-2107. [PMID: 28671295 PMCID: PMC7166964 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, 50 nasopharyngeal swabs from children with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) but negative for 18 common respiratory viruses, as measured by the Luminex xTAG Respiratory Viral Panel Assay, were subjected to multiplex metagenomic analyses using a next‐generation sequencing platform. Taxonomic analysis showed that all sequence reads could be assigned to a specific species. An average of 95.13% were assigned to the Bacteria kingdom, whereas, only 0.72% were potentially virus derived. This snapshot of the respiratory tract virome revealed most viral reads to be respiratory tract related, classified into four known virus families: Paramyxoviridae, Herpesviridae, Anelloviridae, and Polyomaviridae. Importantly, we detected a novel human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV 3) strain with a 32‐bp insertion in the haemagglutinin‐neuraminidase (HN) gene that produced a negative result in the Luminex assay, highlighting the strength of virome metagenomic analysis to identify not only novel viruses but also viruses likely to be missed by ordinary clinical tests. Thus, virome metagenomic analysis could become a viable clinical diagnostic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Ren
- Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Baoping Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengde Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kunling Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Nahla ME, Elham AH, Asmaa OA, Abeer SAER, Noha AER, Sahar MH. Does SEN virus (SENV) infection affect the progression of chronic hepatitis C or B among Egyptian patients? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2014.7242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Kew MC. Hepatitis viruses (other than hepatitis B and C viruses) as causes of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. J Viral Hepat 2013; 20:149-57. [PMID: 23383653 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections are universally accepted as causes of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans. Hepatitis A and E viruses cause only acute self-limiting infections of the liver. Of the remaining hepatitis viruses - Delta hepatitis, hepatitis G (GB-C), TT and SEN - all have at some time been incriminated as causes of hepatocellular carcinoma. Delta hepatitis virus requires helper functions from hepatitis B virus to become invasive. Chronic Delta/hepatitis B viral co-infection runs a more severe course than that resulting from chronic hepatitis B virus infection alone, with progression to cirrhosis being more likely and more rapid. A substantial majority of the early studies did not find an increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in co-infected individuals. But more recently, an increased incidence of the tumour has been recorded more often than no increase. Further studies are needed to draw a firm conclusion with regard to the hepatocarcinogenic effect of dual Delta/hepatitis B virus co-infection. With one exception, no published study (of 13) has incriminated chronic infection with hepatitis G virus as a cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. The dissenting study, published in 1999, was the only one performed in the United States. Fewer studies of the hepatocarcinogenic effect of TT virus have been performed. Apart from one study, published in 1999, no convincing evidence is available that supports a causal role for TT virus in hepatocarcinogenesis. The exception was in Japanese patients with high hepatitis C viral loads but independent of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. No evidence has been produced to indicate that SEN virus causes hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Kew
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Mahlangu JN, Prabdial-Sing N. HCV genotypes of people with hemophilia in countries with high seroprevalances. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2011; 13:142-3. [PMID: 22737451 PMCID: PMC3371922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J N Mahlangu
- Haemophiliac Comprehensive Care Center, Charlotte Maxeke, Johannesburg academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Services and University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa,Correspondence: Johnny Mahlangu, MD, Haemophiliac Comprehensive Care Center, Charlotte Maxeke (Johannesburg academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Services and University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa, E-mail:
| | - N Prabdial-Sing
- Hepatitis Virology Division, Specialized Molecular Diagnostic Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Sandringham, South Africa
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Karimi-Rastehkenari A, Bouzari M. High frequency of SEN virus infection in thalassemic patients and healthy blood donors in Iran. Virol J 2010; 7:1. [PMID: 20044930 PMCID: PMC2819036 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SEN virus is a blood-borne, circular ssDNA virus and possessing nine genotypes (A to I). Among nine genotypes, SENV-D and SENV-H genotypes have the strong link with patients with unknown (none-A to E) hepatitis infections. Infection with blood-borne viruses is the second important cause of death in thalassemic patients. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of SENV-D and SENV-H genotypes viremia by performing nested-PCR in 120 and 100 sera from healthy blood donors and thalassemic patients in Guilan Province, North of Iran respectively. Also, to explicate a possible role of SEN virus in liver disease and established changes in blood factors, the serum aminotransferases (ALT and AST) and some of the blood factors were measured. Results Frequency of SENV-D, SENV (SENV-H or SENV-D) and co-infection (both SENV-D and SENV-H) viremia was significantly higher among thalassemic patients than healthy individuals. Frequency of SENV-H viremia was significantly higher than SENV-D among healthy individuals. In comparison to SENV-D negative patients, the mean of mean corpuscular hemoglobin was significantly higher in SENV-D positive and co-infection cases (P < 0.05). The means of AST and ALT were significantly higher in thalassemic patients than healthy blood donors, but there were not any significant differences in the means of the liver levels between SENV-positive and -negative individuals in healthy blood donors and thalassemic patients. High nucleotide homology observed among PCR amplicon's sequences in healthy blood donors and thalassemic patients. Conclusions The high rate of co-infection shows that different genotypes of SENV have no negative effects on each other. The high frequency of SENV infection among thalassemic patients suggests blood transfusion as main route of transmission. High frequency of SENV infection in healthy individuals indicates that other routes rather than blood transfusion also are important. Frequency of 90.8% of SENV infection among healthy blood donors as well as high nucleotide homology of sequenced amplicons between two groups can probably suggest that healthy blood donors infected by SENV act partly as a source of SENV transmission to the thalassemic patients. In conclusion, SENV-D isolate in Guilan Province may be having a pathogenic agent for thalassemic patients.
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Tang ZH, Chen XH, Yu YS, Zang GQ. Prevalence and clinical significance of SEN virus infection in patients with non A-E hepatitis and volunteer blood donors in Shanghai. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:4204-8. [PMID: 18636667 PMCID: PMC2725383 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.4204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the prevalence of SEN virus (SENV) in patients with non A-E hepatitis and volunteer blood donors in Shanghai.
METHODS: According to the published gene sequences, primers from the conserved region were designed. Then, the prevalence of SEN virus in 30 samples from healthy voluntary blood donors and 30 samples from patients with non A-E hepatitis were detected by nested-PCR of SENV-D/H. Some PCR products were cloned and sequenced.
RESULTS: The specificity of genotype-specific PCR was confirmed by sequencing, the SENV DNA was detected in 53.3% of the patients with non A-E hepatitis and 10% of the blood donors. The prevalence of SENV-D/H viremia was significantly higher in patients with non A-E hepatitis than in blood donors (P = 0.0002). SENV-H subtype and SENV-D subtype were found in 2 and 1 samples, respectively from blood donors. SENV-H subtype, SENV D subtype, mixed SENV-D and SENV-H subtype were found in 8, 6 and 2 samples, respectively, from patients with non A-E hepatitis.
CONCLUSION: The gene type of SENV in patients with non A-E hepatitis and blood donors in shanghai is D or H subtype, and transfusion is not the only transmitting form of SENV.
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Moriondo M, Resti M, Betti L, Indolfi G, Poggi GM, de Martino M, Vierucci A, Azzari C. SEN virus co-infection among HCV-RNA-positive mothers, risk of transmission to the offspring and outcome of child infection during a 1-year follow-up. J Viral Hepat 2007; 14:355-9. [PMID: 17439525 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
SEN is a newly discovered blood-transmissible virus. Among its variants, SENV-D and -H are most often associated with non-A, -E hepatitis. Very little is known about the risk of vertical transmission of the virus. By using polymerase chain reaction with specific primers for SENV-D and -H, we investigated the prevalence of SENV-H and -D infection, the transmission rate of SENV infection and clinical features of SENV-infected children in 89 hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive human immunodeficiency virus type 1-negative mothers. SENV infection was found in 36 (40%) mothers, and SENV-D was more frequent than SENV-H infection (34/36, 94%vs 5/36, 14%, P < 0.01). No difference in SENV infection rates was found between injection drug user (IDU) mothers (17/51, 33%) and mothers with no risk for bloodborne infection (19/38, 50%, P = ns). SENV-H infection was found only in IDU mothers and mothers with HCV genotype1b. Both SENV-D and -H can be transmitted to the offspring with an overall rate of 47%. Vertical transmission of HCV does not facilitate SENV infection of the offspring. Among 17 SENV-infected children, none was co-infected with HCV. Maternal HCV genotype or viral load does not interfere with mother-to-infant transmission of SENV. Persistence of SENV infection was demonstrated in 100% of infected children after 1-year follow-up, but none had clinical evidence of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moriondo
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Florence, Italy and Paediatric Hospital Anna Meyer, Florence, Italy
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Abstract
BACKGROUND SENV is a potential causative agent responsible for chronic liver diseases (CLDs) that are precipitated in early life. SENV prevalence in adolescents is unknown and its transmission route is uncertain. METHODS We randomly selected 824 serum samples from a cohort of 2383 adolescents aged 15-17 years who resided in Hualien County, an endemic area of liver diseases. Serum SENV genotype-D and genotype-H DNA were assayed by seminested polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The positive rates for SENV-D and SENV-H DNA were 25.1% and 30.6%, respectively. Amis adolescents had a significantly higher rate of SENV-D viremia than Han Chinese adolescents (31.0%vs 22.2%; P = 0.025). Adolescents residing in rural or mountainous areas had significantly higher rates of SENV-H viremia than those residing in urban areas. There was no difference in the positive rates of SENV-D and SENV-H DNA among adolescents with or without hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or history of hospitalization, surgery or blood transfusion. In multivariate analyses, males and adolescents residing in rural or mountainous areas had significantly higher risks of SENV-H viremia. As compared with those residing in urban areas, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for rural and mountainous areas were 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-2.07) and 2.16 (95% CI, 1.32-3.53), respectively. CONCLUSION SENV-D and SENV-H infection were frequent among adolescents in eastern Taiwan. SENV was unlikely to be transmitted via the parenteral route and factors associated with level of urbanization were probably the major determinants of SENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Aboriginal Health, Tzu Chi University, Tzu Chi Medical Center, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Schréter I, Kristian P, Jarcuska P, Porubcin S, Siegfried L, Birosová E, Rajnic A, Gocalová A. Detection of SEN virus in the general population and different risk groups in Slovakia. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2006; 51:223-8. [PMID: 17004654 DOI: 10.1007/bf02932126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sera of 426 adult persons were examined to assess the prevalence of SEN virus (SENV) infection in Slovakia and to determine the importance of different risk factors for parenteral transmission. SENV prevalence was determined by the PCR method using primers of SENV-D and SENV-H strains. Positive results were found in 10 of 37 patients with acute hepatitis of unknown etiology, 7 of 38 with acute hepatitis B, 17 of 44 with chronic hepatitis B, 29 of 102 with chronic hepatitis C, 36 of 72 hemodialysis patients, 2 of 33 health care workers and 24 of 100 persons from the control group. The highest prevalence of SENV was among hemodialysis patients, significantly higher than in the groups of health care workers, acute hepatitis B and controls. The lowest prevalence was in health care workers group, significantly lower also in comparison with groups of chronic hepatitis B and C. Among the possible risk factors of virus transmission the average duration of hemodialysis (1.15 vs. 0.50 years), number of surgeries (1.60 vs. 1.10) and transfusions (1.34 vs. 0.94) showed notable differences in terms of SENV infection. Bilirubin and aminotransferase levels did not differ between SENV-positive and -negative groups. No pathogenetic role of SEN virus in liver injury was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Schréter
- Department of lnfectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safárik University, 041 90 Kosice, Slovakia.
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Spataro P, Di Pietro A, Scoglio ME, Visalli G, Chirico C, Picerno I, Ferlazzo N, Campo S, Bellinghieri G, Savica V, Santoro D, Buemi M, Costantino F. Prevalence of SENV-H and SENV-D virus: epidemiological study in blood donors and dialysis patients. Ren Fail 2006; 28:441-8. [PMID: 16825095 DOI: 10.1080/08860220600684225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, the identification of the SEN virus as a possible etiological agent of parental transmission hepatitis led to the study of the prevalence of such pathogen agents, particularly SENV-H, in our population. This paper compares the rate prevalence in high-risk subjects, such as dialysis patients, and low-risk subjects, such as blood donors. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was carried out on SEN virus DNA extracted from serum of dialysis patients and blood donors, and the presence of viral genomes was performed by the nested PCR method. RESULTS The results showed a higher prevalence in male blood donors, supporting the hypothesis of an epidemiological role for sexual and also parental transmission, as is clearly demonstrated by the high prevalence in dialysis patients. The result reduced the importance of the possible etiological role of the SEN virus due to the high percentage of positivity in healthy population, and it induces one to consider poorly significant the pathogenicity of such viral agents. CONCLUSION For this instance, the authors, in agreement with the phylogenically related TT virus, described SEN viruses as absolutely not pathogens and considered them as "simple guests."
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Spataro
- Department of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine, and Public Health, University of Messina, Italy
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Hsu HY, Ni YH, Chiang CL, Shyu MK, Chen HL, Chang MH. SEN virus infection in children in Taiwan: transmission route and role in blood transfusion and liver diseases. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006; 25:390-4. [PMID: 16645500 DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000214962.04264.f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SEN virus (SENV) is a newly discovered DNA virus. We conducted this study to evaluate potential modes of SENV transmission and the pathogenic effect of SENV on liver diseases in children. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect 2 SENV variant (SENV-D and SENV-H) DNA in sera from healthy individuals and diseased children. Nucleotide sequence of SENV was determined by direct sequencing. RESULTS SENV infection was assessed in healthy individuals, including 50 newborns (sera collected from the umbilical cord), 24 infants, 46 preschool children (aged 1-6 years), 42 school children of an age before that of the first sexual experience (aged 7-12 years), 62 adolescents (13-18 years), 72 young adults (19-30 years) and 32 adults (>30 years). The prevalence of SENV-D and/or SENV-H (SENV-D/H) viremia in each group was 0%, 17%, 24%, 24%, 27%, 33% and 40%, respectively. The prevalence of SENV-D/H viremia in 18 children with non-A to E hepatitis, 64 thalassemic children, 80 children transfused during cardiac surgery, 30 children with chronic hepatitis B, 9 children with chronic hepatitis C and 32 infants with biliary atresia was 11%, 61%, 80%, 83%, 67% and 50%, respectively. SENV was found more frequently in all patient groups than in 174 age-matched controls (P < 0.01), with the exception of non-A to E hepatitis (11% versus 24% in the control group; P = 0.27). In 2 infants with proven intrauterine hepatitis B viral infection, identical SENV-D nucleotide sequence existed in both the maternal and neonate serum. Elevated alanine aminotransferase concentrations were rarely observed in children who acquired isolated SENV viremia because of transfusion for surgery. Infection with SENV in children with chronic hepatitis C virus or hepatitis B viral infection was not associated with higher peak alanine aminotransferase values. CONCLUSION SENV is transmitted mainly via nonparenteral daily contact and frequently occurs early in life. Transfusion can significantly increase the rate of SENV viremia. SENV does not appear to cause hepatitis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
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Pirovano S, Gregorini G, Malacarne F, Marini M, Albertini A, Imberti L. High prevalence of SEN virus infection in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: frequent mixed infections with different variants and evidence for nosocomial transmission of the virus. Intervirology 2005; 48:216-22. [PMID: 15920345 DOI: 10.1159/000084598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2004] [Accepted: 09/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The SEN virus (SENV) represents a recently described group of DNA viruses, two members of which (SENV-D and SENV-H) are linked with posttransfusion hepatitis. Since patients on hemodialysis have a high risk of being infected by blood-borne viruses, we investigated the prevalence of seven SENV isolates in two distinct units of our hospital. METHODS The presence of SENV was investigated in 171 hemodialysis patients and in 163 controls by using a polymerase chain reaction based methodology, with which the specificity of amplified products was detected by hybridization with probes specific for each variant. Polymerase chain reaction products from 4 patients were sequenced. RESULTS The overall detection of SENV DNA as well as of SENV-D, SENV-E, and SENV-G was significantly higher in one of the two units, and there was a higher degree of homology in the sequences prepared from patients of the same unit. Furthermore, we demonstrated that mixed infections with multiple SENV were common. No relationship was observed between presence of SENV and sex, age, duration of hemodialysis, previous transfusions or transplantation, hepatitis infection, and routine liver test results. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that patients who undergo hemodialysis can be at high risk of SENV transmission and suggest an intraunit transmission of specific SENV variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pirovano
- Terzo Servizio Analisi and Institute of Chemistry, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, IT-25123 Brescia, Italy
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Abstract
SEN virus (SEN-V) is a blood-borne, single-stranded, nonenveloped DNA virus. Although its prevalence varies by geographic region, it has been detected in as many as 30 percent of postoperative transfusion recipients, compared to 3 percent of postoperative patients who did not receive transfusions. A significant association has been observed between transfusion volume and the occurrence of SEN-V infection. Transmission by transfusion also has been confirmed by the detection of greater than 99 percent homology between SEN-V in donor and recipient sera. Concurrent infections with SEN-V and hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, or human immunodeficiency virus type 1 have been documented, and these observations probably reflect the blood-borne transmission of these viruses as well as SEN-V. Although SEN-V was discovered as part of a search for causes of posttransfusion hepatitis, there is no firm evidence so far that SEN-V infection either causes hepatitis or worsens the course of coexistent liver disease. Nevertheless, SEN-V appears to be transmitted by transfusion, and further studies may reveal more about its role in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Akiba
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
SEN virus (SENV) is a circular, single stranded DNA virus that has been first characterized in the serum of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patient. Eight genotypes of SENV (A-H) have been identified and further recognized as variants of TT virus (TTV) in the family Circoviridae. Here we describe the first genomic characterization of a SENV isolate (5-A) from South America. Using 'universal' primers, able to amplify most, if not all, TTV/SENV genotypes, a segment of > 3 kb was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from the serum of an HIV-1 infected patient. The amplicon was cloned and a 3087-nucleotide sequence was determined, that showed a high (85%) homology with the sequence of the Italian isolate SENV-F. Proteins encoded by open reading frames (ORFs) 1 to 4 consisted of 758, 129, 276, and 267 amino acids, respectively. By phylogenetic analysis, isolate 5-A was classified into TTV genotype 19 (phylogenetic group 3), together with SENV-F and TTV isolate SAa-38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Diniz-Mendes
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Sugiura T, Goto K, Imamine H, Ando T, Ban K, Sugiyama K, Togari H. Prevalence of SEN virus among children in Japan. Virus Res 2004; 100:223-8. [PMID: 15019240 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2003.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2003] [Revised: 12/15/2003] [Accepted: 12/15/2003] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a novel deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus, designated SEN virus (SENV), was discovered and strong associations between the two SENV variants (SENV-D and SENV-H) and non-A to E hepatitis were reported. To clarify the character of SENV infection in children, we investigated the detection rates of serum SENV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) among children with non-A to C hepatitis, with histories of transfusions, with neither histories of transfusions nor liver diseases (control), and among pregnant women. SENV-D was detected in 60% of fulminant hepatitis, 5% of acute hepatitis, 11% of chronic hepatitis, 13% of controls, and 15% of pregnant women. SENV-H was detected in none of fulminant hepatitis, 5% of acute hepatitis, none of chronic hepatitis, 2% of controls, and 12% of pregnant women. No significant difference was found for SENV-D between acute or chronic hepatitis and controls, however SENV-D detection rate in fulminant hepatitis was significantly higher than that in controls (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found for SENV-H between any hepatitis and controls, however SENV-H detection rate in pregnant women was significantly higher than that in controls (P < 0.05). Neither SENV-D nor SENV-H was associated with acute or chronic hepatitis; however, SENV-D might be a risk factor of fulminant hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokio Sugiura
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology and Congenital Disorders, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
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17
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Abstract
AIM: Interactions between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and other viral hepatitis infections are well known, whether the newly discovered SEN virus (SENV) has any effect on lamivudine antiHBV activity is unclear. Our aim was to clarify the effect on treatment outcome of coinfection with SEN virus in patients with hepatitis B during lamivudine therapy.
METHODS: Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was used to detect SENV-D and SENV-H strains in serum from 45 patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with lamivudine 100 mg daily for 12 mo. HBV DNA load was detected with fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) and YMDD (tyrosine, methionine, aspartate, aspartate) motif mutation of HBV DNA was investigated with cDNA microarray.
RESULTS: SENV DNA was detected in 5 of 45(11.1%) cases after 12 mo they received lamivudine treatment. SENV-D and SENV-H were 4.4% and 6.7% respectively. HBV DNA failed to respond to lamivudine therapy in 4 of 5 SENV coinfected patients while only 10 of 40 patients became SENV positive and the difference was statistically significant. Response of ALT and HBeAg to lamivudine had no significant difference between coinfection patients and single HBV infection ones.
CONCLUSION: Coinfection with SEN virus in chronic hepatitis B patients may adversely affect the outcome of lamivudine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Street 1095, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The list of possible hepatotropic viruses continues to grow with the discovery of the GB virus-C, the TT virus and the SEN virus. There is emerging data on the biology of these newly discovered :In spite of continuing research into the pathogenicity of the GB virus-C and the TT virus, definite evidence linking them to acute or chronic liver disease is lacking. The SEN virus was reported in 2000, and although there seems to be an association between virus and transfusion-related hepatitis, more data are awaited before definite conclusions can be drawn. The effect of GB virus-C, the TT virus and the SEN virus co-infection on other viral and non-viral hepatitides has also been studied in some detail. Again, there is no definite evidence so far that these viruses modify other liver diseases. SUMMARY At the present time, diagnostic testing for these viruses does not seem to be warranted outside of clinical studies. The discovery of these viruses, however, paves the way for further research into novel viral agents that infect humans, other among hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Narayanan Menon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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19
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