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Yuan Z, Li Y, Zhang S, Wang X, Dou H, Yu X, Zhang Z, Yang S, Xiao M. Extracellular matrix remodeling in tumor progression and immune escape: from mechanisms to treatments. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:48. [PMID: 36906534 PMCID: PMC10007858 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The malignant tumor is a multi-etiological, systemic and complex disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and distant metastasis. Anticancer treatments including adjuvant therapies and targeted therapies are effective in eliminating cancer cells but in a limited number of patients. Increasing evidence suggests that the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in tumor development through changes in macromolecule components, degradation enzymes and stiffness. These variations are under the control of cellular components in tumor tissue via the aberrant activation of signaling pathways, the interaction of the ECM components to multiple surface receptors, and mechanical impact. Additionally, the ECM shaped by cancer regulates immune cells which results in an immune suppressive microenvironment and hinders the efficacy of immunotherapies. Thus, the ECM acts as a barrier to protect cancer from treatments and supports tumor progression. Nevertheless, the profound regulatory network of the ECM remodeling hampers the design of individualized antitumor treatment. Here, we elaborate on the composition of the malignant ECM, and discuss the specific mechanisms of the ECM remodeling. Precisely, we highlight the impact of the ECM remodeling on tumor development, including proliferation, anoikis, metastasis, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and immune escape. Finally, we emphasize ECM "normalization" as a potential strategy for anti-malignant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Yuan
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yingpu Li
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Sifan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - He Dou
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disorder and Cancer Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Vitamin D and Bone: A Story of Endocrine and Auto/Paracrine Action in Osteoblasts. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030480. [PMID: 36771187 PMCID: PMC9919888 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its rigid structure, the bone is a dynamic organ, and is highly regulated by endocrine factors. One of the major bone regulatory hormones is vitamin D. Its renal metabolite 1α,25-OH2D3 has both direct and indirect effects on the maintenance of bone structure in health and disease. In this review, we describe the underlying processes that are directed by bone-forming cells, the osteoblasts. During the bone formation process, osteoblasts undergo different stages which play a central role in the signaling pathways that are activated via the vitamin D receptor. Vitamin D is involved in directing the osteoblasts towards proliferation or apoptosis, regulates their differentiation to bone matrix producing cells, and controls the subsequent mineralization of the bone matrix. The stage of differentiation/mineralization in osteoblasts is important for the vitamin D effect on gene transcription and the cellular response, and many genes are uniquely regulated either before or during mineralization. Moreover, osteoblasts contain the complete machinery to metabolize active 1α,25-OH2D3 to ensure a direct local effect. The enzyme 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) that synthesizes the active 1α,25-OH2D3 metabolite is functional in osteoblasts, as well as the enzyme 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) that degrades 1α,25-OH2D3. This shows that in the past 100 years of vitamin D research, 1α,25-OH2D3 has evolved from an endocrine regulator into an autocrine/paracrine regulator of osteoblasts and bone formation.
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Maier GS, Weissenberger M, Rudert M, Roth KE, Horas K. The role of vitamin D and vitamin D deficiency in orthopaedics and traumatology-a narrative overview of the literature. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:942. [PMID: 34350257 PMCID: PMC8263860 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is considered to play an important role in musculoskeletal health. It’s classical function is the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, thus ensuring a balanced bone metabolism that is characterised by an equal amount of bone resorption and bone formation. In the past decades, a plethora of pre-clinical and clinical studies reporting on potential health-beneficial properties of vitamin D have emerged. Moreover, there is an abundance of reports highlighting vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in patients with almost innumerable diseases. Further, it is estimated that more than one billion people globally are affected by insufficient vitamin D levels. As such, research on vitamin D has been particularly popular over the past years. In orthopaedics and traumatology, most studies describe favourable effects of vitamin D in general. However, the relative importance of vitamin D is oftentimes debated. In this narrative review of the literature, we consider first, the properties of vitamin D and how vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) impact on musculoskeletal health. Secondly, we provide an overview of studies reporting the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in traumatology and diverse orthopaedic diseases including bone oncology. Lastly, we emphasise recent findings and touch on future perspectives in vitamin D research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit S Maier
- Rehazentrum am Meer, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pius-Hospital, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Weissenberger
- Department of Orthopaedics, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Rudert
- Department of Orthopaedics, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus E Roth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Joint Academy, Gelenkzentrum Rhein-Main, Hochheim, Germany
| | - Konstantin Horas
- Department of Orthopaedics, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Bernhard-Heine Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Horas K, van Herck U, Maier GS, Maus U, Harrasser N, Jakob F, Weissenberger M, Arnholdt J, Holzapfel BM, Rudert M. Does vitamin D deficiency predict tumour malignancy in patients with bone tumours? Data from a multi-center cohort analysis. J Bone Oncol 2020; 25:100329. [PMID: 33294316 PMCID: PMC7695905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with bone tumours. Potential association between pre-diagnostic vitamin D status and tumour malignancy in patients with bone tumours. 25(OH)D status should routinely be assessed and monitored in patients with bone tumours.
Vitamin D deficiency is a global health concern that is estimated to afflict over one billion people globally. The major role of vitamin D is that of a regulator of calcium and phosphate metabolism, thus, being essential for proper bone mineralisation. Concomitantly, vitamin D is known to exert numerous extra-skeletal actions. For example, it has become evident that vitamin D has direct anti-proliferative, pro-differentiation and pro-apoptotic actions on cancer cells. Hence, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased cancer risk and worse prognosis in several malignancies. We have recently demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency promotes secondary cancer growth in bone. These findings were partly attributable to an increase in bone remodelling but also through direct effects of vitamin D on cancer cells. To date, very little is known about vitamin D status of patients with bone tumours in general. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess vitamin D status of patients with diverse bone tumours. Moreover, the aim was to elucidate whether or not there is an association between pre-diagnostic vitamin D status and tumour malignancy in patients with bone tumours. In a multi-center analysis, 25(OH)D, PTH and calcium levels of 225 patients that presented with various bone tumours between 2017 and 2018 were assessed. Collectively, 76% of all patients had insufficient vitamin D levels with a total mean 25(OH)D level of 21.43 ng/ml (53.58 nmol/L). In particular, 52% (117/225) of patients were identified as vitamin D deficient and further 24% of patients (55/225) were vitamin D insufficient. Notably, patients diagnosed with malignant bone tumours had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than patients diagnosed with benign bone tumours [19.3 vs. 22.75 ng/ml (48.25 vs. 56.86 nmol/L); p = 0.04). In conclusion, we found a widespread and distressing rate of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in patients with bone tumours. However, especially for patients with bone tumours sufficient vitamin D levels seem to be of great importance. Thus, we believe that 25(OH)D status should routinely be monitored in these patients. Collectively, there should be an increased awareness for physicians to assess and if necessary correct vitamin D status of patients with bone tumours in general or of those at great risk of developing bone tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Horas
- Department of Orthopaedics, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Germany.,Bernhard-Heine Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike van Herck
- Bernhard-Heine Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit S Maier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pius-Hospital, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Maus
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pius-Hospital, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University, Oldenburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Harrasser
- Department of Orthopaedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU, Munich, Germany.,Excellent Center of Medicine (ECOM), Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Bernhard-Heine Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Weissenberger
- Department of Orthopaedics, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Arnholdt
- Department of Orthopaedics, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Boris M Holzapfel
- Department of Orthopaedics, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Rudert
- Department of Orthopaedics, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
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Endocrine disruption of vitamin D activity by perfluoro-octanoic acid (PFOA). Sci Rep 2020; 10:16789. [PMID: 33033332 PMCID: PMC7545187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of compounds used in industry and consumer products. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is the predominant form in human samples and has been shown to induce severe health consequences, such as neonatal mortality, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. Toxicological studies indicate that PFAS accumulate in bone tissues and cause altered bone development. Epidemiological studies have reported an inverse relationship between PFAS and bone health, however the associated mechanisms are still unexplored. Here, we present computational, in silico and in vitro evidence supporting the interference of PFOA on vitamin D (VD). First, PFOA competes with calcitriol on the same binding site of the VD receptor, leading to an alteration of the structural flexibility and a 10% reduction by surface plasmon resonance analysis. Second, this interference leads to an altered response of VD-responsive genes in two cellular targets of this hormone, osteoblasts and epithelial cells of the colorectal tract. Third, mineralization in human osteoblasts is reduced upon coincubation of PFOA with VD. Finally, in a small cohort of young healthy men, PTH levels were higher in the exposed group, but VD levels were comparable. Altogether these results provide the first evidence of endocrine disruption by PFOA on VD pathway by competition on its receptor and subsequent inhibition of VD-responsive genes in target cells.
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Paukovcekova S, Valik D, Sterba J, Veselska R. Enhanced Antiproliferative Effect of Combined Treatment with Calcitriol and All- Trans Retinoic Acid in Relation to Vitamin D Receptor and Retinoic Acid Receptor α Expression in Osteosarcoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186591. [PMID: 32916897 PMCID: PMC7554701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to analyze changes in the antiproliferative effect of vitamin D3, in the form of calcitriol and calcidiol, via its combined application with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in osteosarcoma cell lines. The response to treatment with calcitriol and calcidiol alone was specific for each cell line. Nevertheless, we observed an enhanced effect of combined treatment with ATRA and calcitriol in the majority of the cell lines. Although the levels of respective nuclear receptors did not correlate with the sensitivity of cells to these drugs, vitamin D receptor (VDR) upregulation induced by ATRA was found in cell lines that were the most sensitive to the combined treatment. In addition, all these cell lines showed high endogenous levels of retinoic acid receptor α (RARα). Our study confirmed that the combination of calcitriol and ATRA can achieve enhanced antiproliferative effects in human osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro. Moreover, we provide the first evidence that ATRA is able to upregulate VDR expression in human osteosarcoma cells. According to our results, the endogenous levels of RARα and VDR could be used as a predictor of possible synergy between ATRA and calcitriol in osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Paukovcekova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.P.); (D.V.)
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Valik
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.P.); (D.V.)
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jaroslav Sterba
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic;
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic;
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-549-49-7905
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Tang Q, Hu Z, Jin H, Zheng G, Yu X, Wu G, Liu H, Zhu Z, Xu H, Zhang C, Shen L. Microporous polysaccharide multilayer coated BCP composite scaffolds with immobilised calcitriol promote osteoporotic bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1125-1143. [PMID: 30867820 PMCID: PMC6401415 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporating a biomimetic coating and integrating osteoinductive biomolecules into basic bone substitutes are two common strategies to improve osteogenic capabilities in bone tissue engineering. Currently, the underlying mechanism of osteoporosis (OP)-related deficiency of osteogenesis remains unclear, and few treatments target at OP-related bone regeneration. Herein, we describe a self-assembling polyelectrolyte multilayered (PEM) film coating with local immobilisation of calcitriol (Cal) in biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds to promote osteoporotic bone regeneration by targeting the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR). Methods: The ovariectomy-induced functional changes in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), protective effects of Cal, and the potential mechanism were all verified. A PEM film composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and chitosan (Chi) was prepared through layer-by-layer self-assembly. The morphology, growth behaviour, and drug retention capability of the composite scaffolds were characterised, and their biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy for bone regeneration were systematically explored in vitro and in vivo. Results: The osteogenic differentiation, adhesion, and proliferation abilities of ovariectomised rat BMSCs (OVX-rBMSCs) decreased, in accordance with the deficiency of CaSR. Cal effectively activated osteogenesis in these OVX-rBMSCs by binding specifically to the active pocket of the CaSR structure, while the biomimetic PEM coating augmented OVX-rBMSCs proliferation and adhesion due to its porous surface structure. The PEM-coated scaffolds showed advantages in Cal loading and retention, especially at lower drug concentrations. HA/Chi PEM synergised with Cal to improve the proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenesis of OVX-rBMSCs and promote bone regeneration and BCP degradation in the critical-size calvarial bone defect model of OVX rats. Conclusion: A composite scaffold based on BCP, created by simply combining a biomimetic PEM coating and Cal immobilisation, could be clinically useful and has marked advantages as a targeted, off-the-shelf, cell-free treatment option for osteoporotic bone regeneration.
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Kurucu N, Şahin G, Sarı N, Ceylaner S, İlhan İE. Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with osteosarcoma risk and prognosis. J Bone Oncol 2018; 14:100208. [PMID: 30568875 PMCID: PMC6289937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2018.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Through its receptor (VDR), vitamin D3 plays an important role in a wide variety of cellular processes. Polymorphisms in VDR gene have been linked to risk of various cancers and their prognoses. We conducted a case-control study to analyze he relationship of VDR gene polymorphisms with the occurrence and prognosis of osteosarcoma. Methods Fifty-eight osteosarcoma patients and 75 healthy controls were included in the study. Single nucleotide change polymorphisms (SNPs) in Cdx2, FokI, BsmI, ApaI and TaqI regions of VDR gene were examined with SNaPshot mini-sequencing technique. Allele and genotype frequencies in patients and controls were compared. The association of polymorphic genotypes with osteosarcoma was evaluated. The relationship of the presence of polymorphism to prognostic parameters and survival rates were also analyzed. Results Allele and genotype frequencies of Cdx2, FokI, BsmI, ApaI and TaqI regions in VDR gene were found to be similar in patients and controls. Polymorphisms in these regions were not associated with osteosarcoma risk. In patients having Cdx2 polymorphic allele, tumor volume was greater (p:0.041), metastasis was more common (p:0.042) and histopathological response to chemotherapy was worse (p:0.044). Good histopathological response was significantly higher in patients with BsmI homozygous polymorphism (p:0.037). In the presence of heterozygous Cdx2 and homozygous a higher three-year overall survival rate was found, while there was a higher event-free survival rate in patients with ApaI polymorphisms. Conclusion Our results suggested that although polymorphisms of VDR gene are not related to the development of osteosarcoma, they may be important for prognosis. Understanding the effect of VDR polymorphisms on osteosarcoma will be important in identifying new prognostic parameters and new targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgun Kurucu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sıhhıye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gurses Şahin
- Dr. Sami Ulus Woman and Child Health Training and Research Hospital, Sağlık Bilimleri University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neriman Sarı
- A.Y. Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Sağlık Bilimleri University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - İnci Ergurhan İlhan
- A.Y. Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Sağlık Bilimleri University, Ankara, Turkey
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Li C, Zheng Z, Ha P, Chen X, Jiang W, Sun S, Chen F, Asatrian G, Berthiaume EA, Kim JK, Chen EC, Pang S, Zhang X, Ting K, Soo C. Neurexin Superfamily Cell Membrane Receptor Contactin-Associated Protein Like-4 (Cntnap4) Is Involved in Neural EGFL-Like 1 (Nell-1)-Responsive Osteogenesis. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1813-1825. [PMID: 29905970 PMCID: PMC6390490 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Contactin-associated protein-like 4 (Cntnap4) is a member of the neurexin superfamily of transmembrane molecules that have critical functions in neuronal cell communication. Cntnap4 knockout mice display decreased presynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and increased dopamine release that is associated with severe, highly penetrant, repetitive, and perseverative movements commonly found in human autism spectrum disorder patients. However, no known function of Cntnap4 has been revealed besides the nervous system. Meanwhile, secretory protein neural EGFL-like 1 (Nell-1) is known to exert potent osteogenic effects in multiple small and large animal models without the off-target effects commonly found with bone morphogenetic protein 2. In this study, while searching for a Nell-1-specific cell surface receptor during osteogenesis, we identified and validated a ligand/receptor-like interaction between Nell-1 and Cntnap4 by demonstrating: 1) Nell-1 and Cntnap4 colocalization on the surface of osteogenic-committed cells; 2) high-affinity interaction between Nell-1 and Cntnap4; 3) abrogation of Nell-1-responsive Wnt and MAPK signaling transduction, as well as osteogenic effects, via Cntnap4 knockdown; and 4) replication of calvarial cleidocranial dysplasias-like defects observed in Nell-1-deficient mice in Wnt1-Cre-mediated Cntnap4-knockout transgenic mice. In aggregate, these findings indicate that Cntnap4 plays a critical role in Nell-1-responsive osteogenesis. Further, this is the first functional annotation for Cntnap4 in the musculoskeletal system. Intriguingly, Nell-1 and Cntnap4 also colocalize on the surface of human hippocampal interneurons, implicating Nell-1 as a potential novel ligand for Cntnap4 in the nervous system. This unexpected characterization of the ligand/receptor-like interaction between Nell-1 and Cntnap4 indicates a novel biological functional axis for Nell-1 and Cntnap4 in osteogenesis and, potentially, in neural development and function. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshuang Li
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pin Ha
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wenlu Jiang
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Feng Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Greg Asatrian
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily A Berthiaume
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jong Kil Kim
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric C Chen
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shen Pang
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xinli Zhang
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kang Ting
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chia Soo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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WITHDRAWN: ASSOCIATION OF VITAMIN D RECEPTOR GENE POLYMORPHISMS WITH OSTEOSARCOMA RISK AND PROGNOSIS. J Bone Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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11
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Cakici C, Yigitbasi T, Ayla S, Karimkhani H, Bayramoglu F, Yigit P, Kilic E, Emekli N. Dose-dependent effects of vitamin 1,25(OH)2D3 on oxidative stress and apoptosis. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 29:271-279. [PMID: 29420306 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to examine the dose-dependent effects of vitamin 1,25(OH)2D3 on apoptosis and oxidative stress. Methods In this study, 50 male Balb/c mice were used as control and experiment groups. The mice were divided into 5 groups each consisting of 10 mice. Calcitriol was intraperitoneally administered as low dose, medium dose, medium-high dose and high dose vitamin D groups (at 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 μg/kg, respectively), for three times a week during 14 days. At the end of the study, annexin V was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status values were measured by colorimetric method in serum. Hematoxylin eosin staining was performed in liver tissues and periodic acid schiff staining was performed in kidney tissues. Results While comparing the results of medium-high dose (5 μg/kg) and high dose (10 μg/kg) vitamin D administration to that of the control group, it was observed that serum antioxidant status and annexin V levels decreased and glomerular mesenchial matrix ratio increased in kidney (p<0.05). In addition to these findings, in the group receiving high dose vitamin D (10 μg/kg), it was observed that the damage to the liver increased together with the the oxidative stress index values (p<0.05). Conclusions As a result, this study was the first in the literature to report that use of high-dose vitamin D (10 μg/kg) results in oxidant effect, rather than being an antioxidant, and causes severe histopathological toxicity in the liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagri Cakici
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turkan Yigitbasi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Ekinciler street No: 19 Kavacık, Beykoz/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sule Ayla
- Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hadi Karimkhani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Bayramoglu
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pakize Yigit
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Emekli
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Horas K, Maier G, Jakob F, Maus U, Kurth A, Jakuscheit A, Rudert M, Holzapfel BM. High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Bone Tumors. Cancer Invest 2017; 35:562-568. [PMID: 28799812 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2017.1351985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with different types of bone tumors and to elucidate whether or not there are differences in prediagnostic vitamin D levels in patients with malignant compared to benign bone tumors. Prediagnostic serum 25(OH)D levels of 105 consecutive patients that presented with bone tumors and tumor-like lesions to two Orthopedic Level I University Centers in Germany between 2011 and 2016 were measured on admission. We found an alarming and widespread rate of vitamin D deficiency in patients with bone tumors. Specifically, 83% of all patients had low vitamin D levels with a mean 25(OH)D level of 19.82 ng/ml. Notably, patients diagnosed with malignant bone tumors had significantly lower vitamin D levels compared to patients with benign bone lesions (p = 0.0008). In conclusion, it is essential to assess vitamin D levels in patients with tumors involving bone. In addition, there might be an association between vitamin D deficiency and the onset or course of primary malignant bone tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Horas
- a Department of Orthopedics , Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany.,c Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department , University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Gerrit Maier
- b Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pius-Hospital , Carl-von-Ossietzky-University , Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- c Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department , University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Uwe Maus
- b Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pius-Hospital , Carl-von-Ossietzky-University , Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Andreas Kurth
- d Bone Health Center Berlin-Brandenburg , Hospital Birkenwerder , Birkenwerder Germany
| | - Axel Jakuscheit
- a Department of Orthopedics , Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Maximilian Rudert
- a Department of Orthopedics , Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Boris Michael Holzapfel
- a Department of Orthopedics , Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany.,e Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia
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13
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Shimizu T, Kamel WA, Yamaguchi-Iwai S, Fukuchi Y, Muto A, Saya H. Calcitriol exerts an anti-tumor effect in osteosarcoma by inducing the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Cancer Sci 2017. [PMID: 28643892 PMCID: PMC5581526 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary bone tumor, and novel therapeutic approaches for this disease are urgently required. To identify effective agents, we screened a panel of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs in AXT cells, our newly established mouse osteosarcoma line, and identified calcitriol as a candidate compound with therapeutic efficacy for this disease. Calcitriol inhibited cell proliferation in AXT cells by blocking cell cycle progression. From a mechanistic standpoint, calcitriol induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which was potentially responsible for downregulation of cyclin D1, activation of p38 MAPK, and intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Knockdown of Atf4 or Ddit3 restored cell viability after calcitriol treatment, indicating that the ER stress response was indeed responsible for the anti-proliferative effect in AXT cells. Notably, the ER stress response was induced to a lesser extent in human osteosarcoma than in AXT cells, consistent with the weaker suppressive effect on cell growth in the human cells. Thus, the magnitude of ER stress induced by calcitriol might be an index of its anti-osteosarcoma effect. Although mice treated with calcitriol exhibited weight loss and elevated serum calcium levels, a single dose was sufficient to decrease osteosarcoma tumor size in vivo. Our findings suggest that calcitriol holds therapeutic potential for treatment of osteosarcoma, assuming that techniques to diminish its toxicity could be established. In addition, our results show that calcitriol could still be safely administered to osteosarcoma patients for its original purposes, including treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatsune Shimizu
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Walied A Kamel
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sayaka Yamaguchi-Iwai
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Fukuchi
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Muto
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Garimella R, Tadikonda P, Tawfik O, Gunewardena S, Rowe P, Van Veldhuizen P. Vitamin D Impacts the Expression of Runx2 Target Genes and Modulates Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Membrane Vesicle Biogenesis Gene Networks in 143B Osteosarcoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030642. [PMID: 28300755 PMCID: PMC5372654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive malignancy of bone affecting children, adolescents and young adults. Understanding vitamin D metabolism and vitamin D regulated genes in OS is an important aspect of vitamin D/cancer paradigm, and in evaluating vitamin D as adjuvant therapy for human OS. Vitamin D treatment of 143B OS cells induced significant and novel changes in the expression of genes that regulate: (a) inflammation and immunity; (b) formation of reactive oxygen species, metabolism of cyclic nucleotides, sterols, vitamins and mineral (calcium), quantity of gap junctions and skeletogenesis; (c) bone mineral density; and (d) cell viability of skeletal cells, aggregation of bone cancer cells and exocytosis of secretory vesicles. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed significant reduction in Runx2 target genes such as fibroblast growth factor -1, -12 (FGF1 and FGF12), bone morphogenetic factor-1 (BMP1), SWI/SNF related, matrix associated actin dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily a, member 4 (SMARCA4), Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), Integrin, β4 (ITGBP4), Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, -28 (MMP1 and MMP28), and signal transducer and activator of transcription-4 (STAT4) in vitamin D treated 143B OS cells. These genes interact with the inflammation, oxidative stress and membrane vesicle biogenesis gene networks. Vitamin D not only inhibited the expression of Runx2 target genes MMP1, MMP28 and kallikrein related peptidase-7 (KLK7), but also migration and invasion of 143B OS cells. Vitamin D regulated Runx2 target genes or their products represent potential therapeutic targets and laboratory biomarkers for applications in translational oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Garimella
- Division of Medical Clinical Oncology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Departments of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Dietetics and Nutrition, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Midwest Biomedical Research Foundation-KCVAMC Affiliate, Kansas City, KS 64128, USA.
- Hematology and Oncology, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| | - Priyanka Tadikonda
- Dietetics and Nutrition, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Ossama Tawfik
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Peter Rowe
- Departments of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Kidney Institute, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Peter Van Veldhuizen
- Division of Medical Clinical Oncology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Departments of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Sarah Cannon HCA Midwest Health Cancer Network, Overland Park, KS 66209, USA.
- Hematology and Oncology, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
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15
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Delbandi AA, Mahmoudi M, Shervin A, Zarnani AH. 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D3 Modulates Endometriosis-Related Features of Human Endometriotic Stromal Cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 75:461-73. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali-Akbar Delbandi
- Immunology Research Center; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Immunology Research Center; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Adel Shervin
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center; Avicenna Research Institute; ACECR; Tehran Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Immunology Research Center; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center; Avicenna Research Institute; ACECR; Tehran Iran
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16
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Yang Z, Liu F, Qu H, Wang H, Xiao X, Deng H. 1, 25(OH)2D3 protects β cell against high glucose-induced apoptosis through mTOR suppressing. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015. [PMID: 26213322 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, which presents a serious public health crisis in China nowadays. It has been well recognized that excessive β-cell apoptosis is the key pathogenesis of diabetes, of which the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) serves as the critical signaling pathway. Emerging evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency acts as a potential risk factor for diabetes. The present study aims to test the hypothesis that 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1, 25(OH)2D3] can inhibit β-cell apoptosis via the suppression of mTOR signaling pathway. β-cells (INS-1) were cultured in the context of normal glucose or high glucose media with or without 1, 25(OH)2D3 treatment. β-cell apoptosis was evaluated by inverted fluorescence microscope, flow cytometry and electron microscope, respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to assess the possible perturbations in mTOR signaling pathway. High glucose significantly increased β-cell apoptosis. Of importance, RT-PCR and Western blotting demonstrated that high glucose inhibited DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) and TSC1/TSC2, up-regulated Rheb/mTOR/p70S6K and enhanced expression of the apoptosis regulating proteins, such as phospho-Bcl-2, cytochrome C and cleaved caspase. Interestingly, 1, 25(OH)2D3 treatment reversed high glucose induced pathological changes in mTOR signaling pathway, restored expression of DDIT4 and TSC1/TSC2, blocked aberrant up-regulation of Rheb/mTOR/p70S6K and the apoptosis regulating proteins, and effectively inhibited β-cell apoptosis. Therefore, 1, 25(OH)2D3 treatment can effectively protects β cell against high glucose-induced apoptosis mainly via the suppression of mTOR signaling pathway, which may be considered as a potential therapy for patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hua Qu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiu Xiao
- Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Huacong Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, PR China.
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17
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Liao CL, Lin JH, Lien JC, Hsu SC, Chueh FS, Yu CC, Wu PP, Huang YP, Lin JG, Chung JG. The crude extract of Corni Fructus inhibits the migration and invasion of U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 by MAPK signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:53-63. [PMID: 23955962 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of the bone cancers. In the Chinese population, the crude extract of Corni Fructus (CECF) has been used as Traditional Chinese medicine to treat several different diseases for hundreds of years. In the present study, effects of CECF on inhibition of migration and invasion in U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells were examined. CECF significantly inhibited migration and invasion of U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells. We also found that CECF inhibited activities of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9). CECF decreased protein levels of FAK, PKC, SOS1, MKK7, MEKK3, GRB2, NF-κB p65, COX-2, HIF-1α, PI3K, Rho A, ROCK-1, IRE-1α, p-JNK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p-p38, Ras, p-PERK, MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF in U-2 OS cells. Results of this study indicate that CECF may have potential as a novel anticancer agent for the treatment of osteosarcoma by inhibiting migration and invasion of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lung Liao
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
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18
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Deguelin inhibits the migration and invasion of U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells via the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 in vitro. Molecules 2014; 19:16588-608. [PMID: 25322282 PMCID: PMC6271177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant primary bone tumor in children and young adults and lung metastasis is the main cause of death in those patients. Deguelin, a naturally occurring rotenoid, is known to be an Akt inhibitor and to exhibit cytotoxic effects, including antiproliferative and anticarcinogenic activities, in several cancers. In the present study, we determined if deguelin would inhibit migration and invasion in U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells. Deguelin significantly inhibited migration and invasion of U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells which was associated with a reduction of activities of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9). Furthermore, results from western blotting indicated that deguelin decreased the cell proliferation and cell growth-associated protein levels, such as SOS1, PKC, Ras, PI3K, p-AKT(Ser473), IRE-1α, MEKK3, iNOS, COX2, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK1/2, p-p38; the cell motility and focal adhesion-associated protein levels, such as Rho A, FAK, ROCK-1; the invasion-associated protein levels, such as TIMP1, uPA, MMP-2. MMP-9, MMP-13, MMP-1 and VEGF in U-2 OS cells. Confocal microscopy revealed that deguelin reduced NF-κB p65, Rho A and ROCK-1 protein levels in cytosol. MMP-7, MMP-9 and Rho A mRNA levels were suppressed by deguelin. These in vitro results provide evidence that deguelin may have potential as a novel anti-cancer agent for the treatment of osteosarcoma and provides the rationale for in vivo studies in animal models.
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19
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Cmoch A, Podszywalow-Bartnicka P, Palczewska M, Piwocka K, Groves P, Pikula S. Stimulators of mineralization limit the invasive phenotype of human osteosarcoma cells by a mechanism involving impaired invadopodia formation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109938. [PMID: 25314307 PMCID: PMC4196965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly aggressive bone cancer affecting children and young adults. Growing evidence connects the invasive potential of OS cells with their ability to form invadopodia (structures specialized in extracellular matrix proteolysis). RESULTS In this study, we tested the hypothesis that commonly used in vitro stimulators of mineralization limit the invadopodia formation in OS cells. Here we examined the invasive potential of human osteoblast-like cells (Saos-2) and osteolytic-like (143B) OS cells treated with the stimulators of mineralization (ascorbic acid and B-glycerophosphate) and observed a significant difference in response of the tested cells to the treatment. In contrast to 143B cells, osteoblast-like cells developed a mineralization phenotype that was accompanied by a decreased proliferation rate, prolongation of the cell cycle progression and apoptosis. On the other hand, stimulators of mineralization limited osteolytic-like OS cell invasiveness into collagen matrix. We are the first to evidence the ability of 143B cells to degrade extracellular matrix to be driven by invadopodia. Herein, we show that this ability of osteolytic-like cells in vitro is limited by stimulators of mineralization. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that mineralization competency determines the invasive potential of cancer cells. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which stimulators of mineralization regulate and execute invadopodia formation would reveal novel clinical targets for treating osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cmoch
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Malgorzata Palczewska
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Katarzyna Piwocka
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrick Groves
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Slawomir Pikula
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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20
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Uberti F, Lattuada D, Morsanuto V, Nava U, Bolis G, Vacca G, Squarzanti DF, Cisari C, Molinari C. Vitamin D protects human endothelial cells from oxidative stress through the autophagic and survival pathways. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:1367-74. [PMID: 24285680 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recently, vitamin D (VitD) has been recognized as increasingly importance in many cellular functions of several tissues and organs other than bone. In particular, VitD showed important beneficial effects in the cardiovascular system. Although the relationship among VitD, endothelium, and cardiovascular disease is well established, little is known about the antioxidant effect of VitD. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to study the intracellular pathways activated by VitD in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells undergoing oxidative stress. DESIGN Nitric oxide production, cell viability, reactive oxygen species, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, membrane potential, and caspase-3 activity were measured during oxidative stress induced by administration of 200 μM hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes. Experiments were repeated in the presence of specific vitamin D receptor ligand ZK191784. RESULTS Pretreatment with VitD alone or in combination with ZK191784 is able to reduce the apoptosis-related gene expression, involving both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. At the same time, it has been shown the activation of pro-autophagic beclin 1 and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt, indicating a modulation between apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, VitD alone or in combination with ZK191784 is able to prevent the loss of mitochondrial potential and the consequent cytochrome C release and caspase activation. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that VitD may prevent endothelial cell death through modulation of the interplay between apoptosis and autophagy. This effect is obtained by inhibiting superoxide anion generation, maintaining mitochondria function and cell viability, activating survival kinases, and inducing NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Uberti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.U., D.L., V.M., U.N.), Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità (G.B.), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale (V.M., G.V., D.F.S., C.M.), Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, 28100 Novara, Italy; and Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute (C.C.), Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, 28100 Novara, Italy
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21
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone and the third most common cancer in childhood and adolescence. Nowadays, early diagnosis, drug resistance and recurrence of the disease represent the major challenges in OS treatment. Post-genomics, and in particular proteomic technologies, offer an invaluable opportunity to address the level of biological complexity expressed by OS. Although the main goal of OS oncoproteomics is focused on diagnostic and prognostic biomarker discovery, in this review we describe and discuss global protein profiling approaches to other aspects of OS biology and pathophysiology, or to investigate the mechanism of action of chemotherapeutics. In addition, we present proteomic analyses carried out on OS cell lines as in vitro models for studying osteoblastic cell biology and the attractive opportunity offered by proteomics of OS cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, via Fiorentina 1, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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22
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Zheng Y, Wang X, Wang H, Yan W, Zhang Q, Chang X. Expression of the lysyl oxidase propeptide in hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical relevance. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1669-76. [PMID: 24573150 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase is an important extracellular matrix remodeling enzyme and plays critical roles in tumor progression and development. Its tumor-suppressor activity has been shown to depend on the propeptide region. Previous studies have reported that the expression levels of lysyl oxidase propeptide (LOX-PP) are associated with cancer of the breast, pancreas, lung, prostate and gastrointestinal system. However, to date, the exact effects and molecular mechanisms of LOX-PP in hepatocellular carcinoma progression are still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of LOX-PP in human hepatocellular carcinoma. First, 42 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANCTs) were collected, and the expression of LOX-PP in these samples was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The clinicopathological characteristics of all patients were recorded. Next, in in vitro studies, recombinant adenovirus LOX (ad-LOX-PP) was used to infect hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines to determine the function of LOX-PP. To determine whether ad-LOX-PP affects hepatocellular carcinoma cell survival, cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay, and cell cycle progression was assessed by flow cytometry. We also investigated the effects of LOX-PP on the expression of cell cycle regulators (cyclin D1 and cyclin E) by western blot analysis. The migration and invasion capacities of hepatocellular carcinoma cells were observed by wound-healing and tranwell invasion assays. To further investigate how LOX-PP affects migration levels of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were assessed by western blot analysis. Additionally, markers of the PI3K and MAPK signaling pathway were detected to further confirm the mechanisms of LOX-PP. As a result, reduced expression of LOX-PP was found in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues, when compared with that in the ANCTs (15 vs. 83%, P<0.01), and its expression was associated with tumor stage and distant metastasis (each P<0.05). Proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells was significantly decreased in the ad-LOX-PP group as indicated by CCK-8 assay. LOX-PP significantly reduced the expression of Ki-67, while prominent increases in the rate of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were observed. Similarly, cell migration was significantly inhibited in the ad-LOX-PP group as evidenced by transwell invasion and wound-healing assays. The expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were attenuated in the ad-LOX-PP group, suggesting that LOX-PP inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration via down-regulation of MMPs expression. When LOX-PP expression was potentiated by an adenovirus containing LOX-PP, the expression of p-ERK was significantly downregulated, indicating that LOX-PP inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and induces its apoptosis probably through downregulation of the MAPK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Department of Anesthesia, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chang
- Department of Imaging Medicine Center, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
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van Driel M, van Leeuwen JPTM. Vitamin D endocrine system and osteoblasts. BONEKEY REPORTS 2014; 3:493. [PMID: 24605210 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2013.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between vitamin D and osteoblasts is complex. In the current review we will give an overview of the current knowledge of the vitamin D endocrine system in osteoblasts. The presence of the vitamin D receptor in osteoblasts enables direct effects of 1α,25dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25D3) on osteoblasts, but the magnitude of the effects is subject to the presence of many other factors. Vitamin D affects osteoblast proliferation, as well as differentiation and mineralization, but these effects vary with the timing of treatment, dosage and origin of the osteoblasts. Vitamin D effects on differentiation and mineralization are mostly stimulatory in human and rat osteoblasts, and inhibitory in murine osteoblasts. Several genes and mechanisms are studied to explain the effects of 1α,25D3 on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Besides the classical VDR, osteoblasts also express a membrane-localized receptor, and in vitro studies have shown that osteoblasts are capable of the synthesis of 1α,25D3.
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Correia I, Arantes-Rodrigues R, Pinto-Leite R, Gaivão I. Effects of naproxen on cell proliferation and genotoxicity in MG-63 osteosarcoma cell line. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:916-923. [PMID: 25072723 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.911131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of naproxen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line. MG-63 cells were exposed to naproxen in a wide range of concentrations of 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, 0.42, 0.83, and 1.67 mg/ml for 72 h. The activity of naproxen was assessed by the following assays: cell morphology; 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method; terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay; comet assay; and acridine orange and monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining. Naproxen exerted a significant inhibitory effect on MG-63 cell proliferation, in a concentration-dependent manner, in all treatment groups compared with untreated cells. An increase in frequency of DNA damage, apoptotic bodies, apoptotic cells, and autophagic vacuoles was observed in MG-63-treated cells. Although future studies are needed, these findings suggest that naproxen may lead to improvements in treatment of patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Correia
- a Department of Genetics and Biotechnology and CECAV , University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal
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XU XIN, WANG BIN, XU YANLING. Expression of lysyl oxidase in human osteosarcoma and its clinical significance: A tumor suppressive role of LOX in human osteosarcoma cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1578-86. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Datta Mitra A, Raychaudhuri SP, Abria CJ, Mitra A, Wright R, Ray R, Kundu-Raychaudhuri S. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin-D3-3-bromoacetate regulates AKT/mTOR signaling cascades: a therapeutic agent for psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:1556-64. [PMID: 23314787 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Vit-D) limits its topical use despite its profound effects on cellular differentiation, proliferation, and immunomodulation. Therefore, in search for a more effective analog of Vit-D, in this study we have evaluated the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-3-bromoacetate (BE). Proliferation and apoptosis studies in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were conducted by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), CFSE (carboxy fluorescein succinimidyl ester) dilution, and Annexin V assays. Western blot analysis and real-time PCR were performed to determine its effect on signal transduction. A reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model was used to further validate the therapeutic role of BE in psoriasis. BE was significantly more potent than an equivalent concentration of Vit-D in inhibiting growth and survival of human keratinocytes. The antimitotic effect was found to be due to the inhibition of phosphorylation of serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT) and its downstream target, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In the RHE model, BE reversed IL-22-induced psoriasiform changes more effectively than Vit-D. Interestingly, BE inhibited the IL-22-induced gene expression of AKT1, MTOR, chemokines [IL-8 and RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted)], and psoriasin (S100A7) more significantly than Vit-D. These results suggest the potential of BE as a prospective therapeutic agent for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Datta Mitra
- IM/Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
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Garimella R, Eskew J, Bhamidi P, Vielhauer G, Hong Y, Anderson HC, Tawfik O, Rowe P. Biological characterization of preclinical Bioluminescent Osteosarcoma Orthotopic Mouse (BOOM) model: A multi-modality approach. J Bone Oncol 2013; 2:11-21. [PMID: 25688332 PMCID: PMC4327846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a bone malignancy that affects children and adolescents. It is a highly aggressive tumor and typically metastasizes to lungs. Despite aggressive chemotherapy and surgical treatments, the current 5 year survival rate is 60–70%. Clinically relevant models are needed to understand OS pathobiology, metastatic progression from bones to lungs, and ultimately, to develop more efficacious treatment strategies and improve survival rates in OS patients with metastasis. The main goal of this study was to develop and characterize an in vivo OS model that will allow non-invasive tracking of tumor progression in real time, and aid in studying OS pathobiology, and screening of potential therapeutic agents against OS. In this study, we have used a multi-modality approach using bioluminescent imaging, electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography, and histopathology to develop and characterize a preclinical Bioluminescent Osteosarcoma Orthotopic Mouse (BOOM) model, using 143B human OS cell line. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that the BOOM model represents the clinical disease as evidenced by a spectrum of changes associated with tumor establishment, progression and metastasis, and detection of known OS biomarkers in the primary and metastatic tumor tissue. Key novel findings of this study include: (a) multimodality approach for extensive characterization of the BOOM model using 143B human OS cell line; (b) evidence of renal metastasis in OS orthotopic model using 143B cells; (c) evidence of Runx2 expression in the metastatic lung tissue; and (d) evidence of the presence of extracellular membrane vesicles and myofibroblasts in the BOOM model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Garimella
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA ; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA ; Division of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jeff Eskew
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Priyanka Bhamidi
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - George Vielhauer
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA ; Division of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Yan Hong
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - H Clarke Anderson
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ossama Tawfik
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Peter Rowe
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Dokos C, Groll AH. Heterogeneity in osteosarcoma cell lines and the biological effects of the chemical structure of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ and 1 a,25 dihydroxyvitamin D₃. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:2052; author reply 2052-3. [PMID: 22653562 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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29
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Iglesias E, Llobet L, Pacheu-Grau D, Gómez-Durán A, Ruiz-Pesini E. Cybrids for Mitochondrial DNA Pharmacogenomics. Drug Dev Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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