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Ugwuodo CJ, Colosimo F, Adhikari J, Bloodsworth K, Wright SA, Eder J, Mouser PJ. Changes in environmental and engineered conditions alter the plasma membrane lipidome of fractured shale bacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0233423. [PMID: 38059585 PMCID: PMC10782966 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02334-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Microorganisms inadvertently introduced into the shale reservoir during fracturing face multiple stressors including brine-level salinities and starvation. However, some anaerobic halotolerant bacteria adapt and persist for long periods of time. They produce hydrogen sulfide, which sours the reservoir and corrodes engineering infrastructure. In addition, they form biofilms on rock matrices, which decrease shale permeability and clog fracture networks. These reduce well productivity and increase extraction costs. Under stress, microbes remodel their plasma membrane to optimize its roles in protection and mediating cellular processes such as signaling, transport, and energy metabolism. Hence, by observing changes in the membrane lipidome of model shale bacteria, Halanaerobium congolense WG10, and mixed consortia enriched from produced fluids under varying subsurface conditions and growth modes, we provide insight that advances our knowledge of the fractured shale biosystem. We also offer data-driven recommendations for improving biocontrol efficacy and the efficiency of energy recovery from unconventional formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Jude Ugwuodo
- Natural Resources and Earth Systems Science, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | | | - Kent Bloodsworth
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Wright
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Josie Eder
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Paula J. Mouser
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
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Bombin ADJ, Dunne N, McCarthy HO. Delivery of a peptide/microRNA blend via electrospun antimicrobial nanofibres for wound repair. Acta Biomater 2023; 155:304-322. [PMID: 36334906 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation of microRNA-31 (miR-31) and microRNA-132 (miR-132) has been associated with delayed wound healing. Therefore, it was hypothesised that intracellular delivery of miR-31 and miR-132, both as individual and blend formulations, could promote tissue repair. The use of a blend could minimise potential toxicity and achieve synergistic effects, thus maximising the therapeutic effect. miR-31 and miR-132 were condensed with a 30-mer positively charged amphipathic peptide, RALA, to form nanocomplexes with an average size <200 nm and zeta-potential ≥10 designed to facilitate cellular internalisation. This enabled a fold increase in miR-31 and miR-132 expression of ≥100,000 in a murine fibroblast cell line (NCTC-929) and a skin human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT), with intracellular delivery >70% for individual and blend formulations. Moreover, incubation with the nanocomplexes increased the migration of HaCaT cells ≥25% at 4 and 8 h post-incubation, as well as downregulation of EMP-1 and RASA1 and HB-EGF and RASA1, target genes for miR-31 and miR-132, respectively. Electrospinning was then employed to produce an alginate/polyvinyl alcohol/ciprofloxacin nanofibrous wound patch to facilitate the controlled delivery of the nanocomplexes. Nanofibres were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde to improve stability in aqueous solvents, and they were proven to be biocompatible with antimicrobial activity without cellular attachment to avoid injury upon removal. RALA/miR nanoparticles were incorporated to the nanofibrous wound dressing and in vivo wound healing studies using C57BL/6J mice demonstrated a >60% acceleration in the wound closure rate at Day 7 post-wounding, a ≥1.5 increase in epidermal thickness, and a ≥2 increase in blood vessel count with respect to commercial and untreated controls. Taken together, this data proves that delivery of RALA/miR-31 and RALA/miR-132 from an alginate/polyvinyl alcohol/ciprofloxacin nanofibrous wound dressing constitutes an advanced therapy for wound healing, by accelerating wound closure and improving healed tissue quality. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we report for the first time the use of the RALA peptide to deliver two miRNA 31 & 132 simultaneously from an electrospun patch. Both miRs have been shown to be downregulated in wounds and this study endeavoured to deliver a blend of the miRs from a nanofibre patch. Electrospinning was used to produce an alginate/polyvinyl alcohol/ciprofloxacin wound patch to enable controlled delivery of the miRs without cellular attachment to the wound with the added benefit of anti-microbial activity. Application of the nanofibre patch loaded with the blended RALA/miR nanoparticles demonstrated a synergistic effect with acceleration of wound closure rate, a significant increase in epidermal thickness and blood vessel count with respect to commercial and untreated controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Centre for Medical Engineering Research, Dublin City University, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Volumetric and Ultrasonic Studies on Interactions of Hexylene and Propylene Glycols in Aqueous Solutions of Glutaraldehyde at Different Temperatures. J SOLUTION CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-022-01192-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Nangia S, Katyal D, Warkar SG. Thermodynamics, kinetics and isotherm studies on the removal of anionic Azo-dye (Congo red) using synthesized Chitosan/ Moringa oleifera gum hydrogel composites. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2104731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Nangia
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Deeksha Katyal
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir G. Warkar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
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Glutathione Immobilized Polycaprolactone Nanofiber Mesh as a Dermal Drug Delivery Mechanism for Wound Healing in a Diabetic Patient. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant biomolecule. Polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber mesh (NFM) is capable of the attachment and release of biomolecules for prolonged periods and has the potential as a transdermal drug delivery system during wound healing for a diabetic patient. Our earlier study found that high levels of sugar in diabetic male mice were significantly decreased by daily doses of glutathione administered on the mice. Furthermore, oxidative stress found in diabetic male mice led to the total depletion of glutathione levels in the body’s organs (pancreas, spleen, epididymis, and testis). The objective of this study was to attach GSH with PCL NFM for the controlled release of GSH biomolecules for long periods of time from the fiber mesh into a diabetic body. This study produced PCL NFM using an electrospun technique and tested it on mice to evaluate its efficiency as a dermal drug delivery mechanism. This study dissolved GSH (2.5 mg/mL) with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and glutaraldehyde (GLU) solution to create GSH-PBS and GSH-GLU complexes. Each complex was used to soak PCL NFM for 24 h and dried to create PCL-GSH-PBS and PCL-GSH-GLU meshes. Fiber morphology, degradation, fibroblast cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and GSH release activities from each mesh were compared. Fibroblast cell adhesion and cytotoxicity tests found excellent biocompatibility of both GSH-immobilized PCL meshes and no degradation until 20 days of the study period. The disk diffusion method was conducted to test the antibacterial properties of the sample groups. Release tests confirmed that the attachment of GSH with PCL by GSH-GLU complex resulted in a steady release of GSH compared to the fast release of GSH from PCL-GSH-PBS mesh. The disk diffusion test confirmed that PCL-GSH-GLU has antibacterial properties. The above results conclude that GSH-GLU immobilized PCL NFM can be a suitable candidate for a transdermal anti-oxidative and anti-bacterial drug delivery system such as bandage, skin graft for wound healing application in a diabetic patient.
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Hsu JS, Yu TY, Wei DJ, Jane WN, Chang YT. Degradation of Decabromodiphenyl Ether in an Aerobic Clay Slurry Microcosm Using a Novel Immobilization Technique. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020402. [PMID: 35208857 PMCID: PMC8877889 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel chitosan immobilization technique that entraps photocatalyst and microbes was developed and applied to decompose decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in a clay slurry microcosm. The optimized conditions for immobilization were obtained by mixing 1.2% (w/v) chitosan dissolved in 1% (v/v) acetic acid with nano-TiO2 particles and the BDE-209-degrading bacterial mixed culture. This aqueous mixture was injected into 1% (w/v) water solution containing sodium tripolyphosphate to form spherical immobilized beads. The surface of the immobilized beads was reinforced by 0.25% (v/v) glutaraldehyde cross-linking. These beads had enough mechanical strength during BDE-209 degradation to maintain their shape in the system at a stirring rate of 200-rpm, while undergoing continuous 365 nm UVA irradiation. This novel TiO2-Yi-Li immobilized chitosan beads system allowed a successful simultaneous integration of photolysis, photocatalysis and biodegradation to remove BDE-209. The remaining percentage of BDE-209 was 41% after 70 days of degradation using this system. The dominant bacteria in the BDE-209-degrading bacterial mixed culture during remediation were Chitinophaga spp., Methyloversatilis spp., Terrimonas spp. and Pseudomonas spp. These bacteria tolerated the long-term UVA irradiation and high-level free radicals present, while utilizing BDE-209 as their primary carbon resource. This new method has great potential for the treatment of a range of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Shan Hsu
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, No.70 Linxi Rd., Shilin Dist., Taipei 11112, Taiwan; (J.-S.H.); (T.-Y.Y.); (D.-J.W.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, P210 West Pavilion 619 South 19th Street, Birmingham, AL 35233-7331, USA
| | - Ting-Yu Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, No.70 Linxi Rd., Shilin Dist., Taipei 11112, Taiwan; (J.-S.H.); (T.-Y.Y.); (D.-J.W.)
| | - Da-Jiun Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, No.70 Linxi Rd., Shilin Dist., Taipei 11112, Taiwan; (J.-S.H.); (T.-Y.Y.); (D.-J.W.)
| | - Wann-Neng Jane
- Academia Sinica, Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Tang Chang
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, No.70 Linxi Rd., Shilin Dist., Taipei 11112, Taiwan; (J.-S.H.); (T.-Y.Y.); (D.-J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2881-9471 (ext. 6862)
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Gamboa-Solana CDC, Chuc-Gamboa MG, Aguilar-Pérez FJ, Cauich-Rodríguez JV, Vargas-Coronado RF, Aguilar-Pérez DA, Herrera-Atoche JR, Pacheco N. Zinc Oxide and Copper Chitosan Composite Films with Antimicrobial Activity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3861. [PMID: 34833159 PMCID: PMC8619498 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the oral microbiome and its effect on dental diseases is gaining interest. Therefore, it has been sought to decrease the bacterial load to fight oral cavity diseases. In this study, composite materials based on chitosan, chitosan crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, chitosan with zinc oxide particles, and chitosan with copper nanoparticles were prepared in the form of thin films, to evaluate a new alternative with a more significant impact on the oral cavity bacteria. The chemical structures and physical properties of the films were characterized using by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR,) Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analysis (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurements. Subsequently, the antimicrobial activity of each material was evaluated by agar diffusion tests. No differences were found in the hydrophilicity of the films with the incorporation of ZnO or copper particles. Antimicrobial activity was found against S. aureus in the chitosan film crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, but not in the other compositions. In contrast antimicrobial activity against S. typhimurium was found in all films. Based on the data of present investigation, chitosan composite films could be an option for the control of microorganisms with potential applications in various fields, such as medical and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candy del Carmen Gamboa-Solana
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61 A #492 A x 90 y Av. Itzáes, Centro., Mérida C.P. 97000, Mexico; (C.d.C.G.-S.); (F.J.A.-P.); (D.A.A.-P.); (J.R.H.-A.)
| | - Martha Gabriela Chuc-Gamboa
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61 A #492 A x 90 y Av. Itzáes, Centro., Mérida C.P. 97000, Mexico; (C.d.C.G.-S.); (F.J.A.-P.); (D.A.A.-P.); (J.R.H.-A.)
| | - Fernando Javier Aguilar-Pérez
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61 A #492 A x 90 y Av. Itzáes, Centro., Mérida C.P. 97000, Mexico; (C.d.C.G.-S.); (F.J.A.-P.); (D.A.A.-P.); (J.R.H.-A.)
| | - Juan Valerio Cauich-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico; (J.V.C.-R.); (R.F.V.-C.)
| | - Rossana Faride Vargas-Coronado
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico; (J.V.C.-R.); (R.F.V.-C.)
| | - David Alejandro Aguilar-Pérez
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61 A #492 A x 90 y Av. Itzáes, Centro., Mérida C.P. 97000, Mexico; (C.d.C.G.-S.); (F.J.A.-P.); (D.A.A.-P.); (J.R.H.-A.)
| | - José Rubén Herrera-Atoche
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61 A #492 A x 90 y Av. Itzáes, Centro., Mérida C.P. 97000, Mexico; (C.d.C.G.-S.); (F.J.A.-P.); (D.A.A.-P.); (J.R.H.-A.)
| | - Neith Pacheco
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. Parque Científico Tecnológico de Yucatán, km 5.5 Carretera, Sierra Papacal-Chuburná, Chuburná C.P. 97302, Mexico;
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Osmanov A, Farooq Z, Richardson MD, Denning DW. The antiseptic Miramistin: a review of its comparative in vitro and clinical activity. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 44:399-417. [PMID: 32386213 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Miramistin is a topical antiseptic with broad antimicrobial action, including activity against biofilms and a clinical profile showing good tolerability. Miramistin was developed within a framework of the Soviet Union Cold War Space Program. It is available for clinical use in several prior Soviet bloc countries, but barely known outside of these countries and there is almost no mention of miramistin in the English literature. However, considering emerging antimicrobial resistance, the significant potential of miramistin justifies its re-evaluation for use in other geographical areas and conditions. The review consists of two parts: (i) a review of the existing literature on miramistin in English, Russian and Ukrainian languages; (ii) a summary of most commonly used antiseptics as comparators of miramistin. The oral LD50 was 1200 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 100 g/L in rats, mice and fish, respectively. Based on the results of the review, we suggest possible applications of miramistin and potential benefits over currently used agents. Miramistin offers a novel, low toxicity antiseptic with many potential clinical uses that need better study which could address some of the negative impact of antimicrobial, antiseptic and disinfectant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Osmanov
- Next Level Diagnostics, Mikhailovsky lane 20,7, Kiev 01001, Ukraine
| | - Zara Farooq
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Malcolm D Richardson
- Mycology Reference Centre Manchester, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - David W Denning
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,National Aspergillosis Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
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9
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Kokilaramani S, Al-Ansari MM, Rajasekar A, Al-Khattaf FS, Hussain A, Govarthanan M. Microbial influenced corrosion of processing industry by re-circulating waste water and its control measures - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129075. [PMID: 33288282 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, illustrating the impact and fundamental stuff of microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) along with mechanism, maintenance of materials, human life, wellbeing and inhibitors for cooling towers. Corrosion is a natural mechanism of oxidation and reduction of metal ions by chemical and electrochemical processes and microorganism accumulation. MIC occurs through the aggregation of microbes which can be secreting the extra polymeric substances (EPS) that oxidation of the metal surface. According to the reviews, in the cooling water system, the corrosion begins in the anode charge because its oxidation reaction quickly takes place on the metal surface than the cathode charge. Annihilate the corrosion process needs certain helper substances such as chemical or green compounds, called inhibitors. Corrosion inhibitors typically adopt the adsorption mechanism due to the presence of organic hetero atoms. Chemical and green inhibitors are used to prevent corrosion processes and since ancient times, vast quantities of chemical inhibitors have been used in industry due to their effectiveness and consistency. But still, the chemical inhibitors are more toxic to humans and the environment. Instead of chemical inhibitors, green inhibitors (natural products like plant leaves, flowers, stem, buds, roots and sea algae) are developed and used in industries. Generally, green inhibitors contain natural compounds, high inhibition efficiency, economic, eco- and human-friendly, and strong potential features against corrosion. Thus, a lot of research is ongoing to discover the green inhibitors in various parts of plants and seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seenivasan Kokilaramani
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, 632115, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mysoon M Al-Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aruliah Rajasekar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, 632115, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Fatimah S Al-Khattaf
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - AlMalkiReem Hussain
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
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Calderón-Franco D, Lin Q, van Loosdrecht MCM, Abbas B, Weissbrodt DG. Anticipating Xenogenic Pollution at the Source: Impact of Sterilizations on DNA Release From Microbial Cultures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:171. [PMID: 32232035 PMCID: PMC7082761 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissemination of DNA and xenogenic elements across waterways is under scientific and public spotlight due to new gene-editing tools, such as do-it-yourself (DIY) CRISPR-Cas kits deployable at kitchen table. Over decades, prevention of spread of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), antimicrobial resistances (AMR), and pathogens from transgenic systems has focused on microbial inactivation. However, sterilization methods have not been assessed for DNA release and integrity. Here, we investigated the fate of intracellular DNA from cultures of model prokaryotic (Escherichia coli) and eukaryotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells that are traditionally used as microbial chassis for genetic modifications. DNA release was tracked during exposure of these cultures to conventional sterilization methods. Autoclaving, disinfection with glutaraldehyde, and microwaving are used to inactivate broths, healthcare equipment, and GMOs produced at kitchen table. DNA fragmentation and PCR-ability were measured on top of cell viability and morphology. Impact of these methods on DNA integrity was verified on a template of free λ DNA. Intense regular autoclaving (121°C, 20 min) resulted in the most severe DNA degradation and lowest household gene amplification capacity: 1.28 ± 0.11, 2.08 ± 0.03, and 4.96 ± 0.28 logs differences to the non-treated controls were measured from E. coli, S. cerevisiae, and λ DNA, respectively. Microwaving exerted strong DNA fragmentation after 100 s of exposure when free λ DNA was in solution (3.23 ± 0.06 logs difference) but a minor effect was observed when DNA was released from E. coli and S. cerevisiae (0.24 ± 0.14 and 1.32 ± 0.02 logs differences with the control, respectively). Glutaraldehyde prevented DNA leakage by preserving cell structures, while DNA integrity was not altered. The results show that current sterilization methods are effective on microorganism inactivation but do not safeguard an aqueous residue exempt of biologically reusable xenogenic material, being regular autoclaving the most severe DNA-affecting method. Reappraisal of sterilization methods is required along with risk assessment on the emission of DNA fragments in urban systems and nature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David G. Weissbrodt
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
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Yang Y, OuYang Q, Li L, Shao X, Che J, Tao N. Inhibitory effects of glutaraldehyde on
Geotrichum citri‐aurantii
and its possible mechanism. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1148-1156. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering Xiangtan University Xiangtan Hunan P.R. China
| | - Q. OuYang
- School of Chemical Engineering Xiangtan University Xiangtan Hunan P.R. China
| | - L. Li
- School of Chemical Engineering Xiangtan University Xiangtan Hunan P.R. China
| | - X. Shao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang P.R. China
| | - J. Che
- School of Chemical Engineering Xiangtan University Xiangtan Hunan P.R. China
| | - N. Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering Xiangtan University Xiangtan Hunan P.R. China
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Cattò C, Secundo F, James G, Villa F, Cappitelli F. α-Chymotrypsin Immobilized on a Low-Density Polyethylene Surface Successfully Weakens Escherichia coli Biofilm Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4003. [PMID: 30545074 PMCID: PMC6321288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The protease α-chymotrypsin (α-CT) was covalently immobilized on a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) surface, providing a new non-leaching material (LDPE-α-CT) able to preserve surfaces from biofilm growth over a long working timescale. The immobilized enzyme showed a transesterification activity of 1.24 nmol/h, confirming that the immobilization protocol did not negatively affect α-CT activity. Plate count viability assays, as well as confocal laser scanner microscopy (CLSM) analysis, showed that LDPE-α-CT significantly impacts Escherichia coli biofilm formation by (i) reducing the number of adhered cells (-70.7 ± 5.0%); (ii) significantly affecting biofilm thickness (-81.8 ± 16.7%), roughness (-13.8 ± 2.8%), substratum coverage (-63.1 ± 1.8%), and surface to bio-volume ratio (+7.1 ± 0.2-fold); and (iii) decreasing the matrix polysaccharide bio-volume (80.2 ± 23.2%). Additionally, CLSM images showed a destabilized biofilm with many cells dispersing from it. Notably, biofilm stained for live and dead cells confirmed that the reduction in the biomass was achieved by a mechanism that did not affect bacterial viability, reducing the chances for the evolution of resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cattò
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Institute of Chemistry of Molecular Recognition, National Research Council, Milano 20131, Italy.
| | - Garth James
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Federica Villa
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy.
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Yamin M, Souza AR, Castelucci BG, Mattoso JG, Bonafe CFS. Synergism between high hydrostatic pressure and glutaraldehyde for the inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus at moderate temperature. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8341-8350. [PMID: 30091042 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The sterilization of transplant and medical devices should be effective but not detrimental to the structural properties of the materials used. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of chemical and physical agents for inactivating Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive bacterium and important cause of infections and biofilm production. The treatment conditions in this work were chosen to facilitate their subsequent use with sensitive materials. The effects of temperature, high hydrostatic pressure, and glutaraldehyde disinfectant on the growth of two strains of S. aureus (ATCC 25923 and BEC 9393) were investigated individually and/or in combinations. A low concentration of glutaraldehyde (0.5 mM), high hydrostatic pressure (300 MPa for 10 min), and moderate temperature (50 °C), when used in combination, significantly potentiated the inactivation of both bacterial strains by > 8 orders of magnitude. Transmission electron microscopy revealed structural damage and changes in area that correlated with the use of pressure in the presence of glutaraldehyde at room temperature in both strains. Biofilm from strain ATCC 25923 was particularly susceptible to inactivation. The conditions used here provided effective sterilization that can be applied to sensitive surgical devices and biomaterials, with negligible damage. The use of this experimental approach to investigate other pathogens could lead to the adoption of this procedure for sterilizing sensitive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marriam Yamin
- Laboratory of Protein Thermodynamics, Departament of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ancelmo R Souza
- Laboratory of Protein Thermodynamics, Departament of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca G Castelucci
- Electron Microscopy Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana G Mattoso
- Laboratory of Protein Thermodynamics, Departament of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Francisco Sampaio Bonafe
- Laboratory of Protein Thermodynamics, Departament of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Modification of cellulose foam paper for use as a high-quality biocide disinfectant filter for drinking water. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:1086-1092. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sehmi SK, Allan E, MacRobert AJ, Parkin I. The bactericidal activity of glutaraldehyde-impregnated polyurethane. Microbiologyopen 2016; 5:891-897. [PMID: 27255793 PMCID: PMC5061724 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although glutaraldehyde is known to be bactericidal in solution, its potential use to create novel antibacterial polymers suitable for use in healthcare environments has not been evaluated. Here, novel materials were prepared in which glutaraldehyde was either incorporated into polyurethane using a simple "swell-encapsulation-shrink" method (hereafter referred to as "glutaraldehyde-impregnated polyurethane"), or simply applied to the polymer surface (hereafter referred to as "glutaraldehyde-coated polyurethane"). The antibacterial activity of glutaraldehyde-impregnated and glutaraldehyde-coated polyurethane samples was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Glutaraldehyde-impregnated polyurethane resulted in a 99.9% reduction in the numbers of E. coli within 2 h and a similar reduction of S. aureus within 1 h, whereas only a minimal reduction in bacterial numbers was observed when the biocide was bound to the polymer surface. After 15 days, however, the bactericidal activity of the impregnated material was substantially reduced presumably due to polymerization of glutaraldehyde. Thus, although glutaraldehyde retains antibacterial activity when impregnated into polyurethane, activity is not maintained for extended periods of time. Future work should examine the potential of chemical modification of glutaraldehyde and/or polyurethane to improve the useful lifespan of this novel antibacterial polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Sehmi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Chemistry Research Centre, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
- Division of Microbial Disease, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Allan
- Division of Microbial Disease, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Chemistry Research Centre, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
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