1
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Saiz ML, Lozano-Chamizo L, Florez AB, Marciello M, Diaz-Bulnes P, Corte-Iglesias V, Bernet CR, Rodrigues-Diez RR, Martin-Martin C, Rodriguez-Santamaria M, Fernandez-Vega I, Rodriguez RM, Diaz-Corte C, Suarez-Alvarez B, Filice M, Lopez-Larrea C. BET inhibitor nanotherapy halts kidney damage and reduces chronic kidney disease progression after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116492. [PMID: 38537579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting epigenetic mechanisms has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of kidney diseases. Specifically, inhibiting the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) domain proteins using the small molecule inhibitor JQ1 has shown promise in preclinical models of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, its clinical translation faces challenges due to issues with poor pharmacokinetics and side effects. Here, we developed engineered liposomes loaded with JQ1 with the aim of enhancing kidney drug delivery and reducing the required minimum effective dose by leveraging cargo protection. These liposomes efficiently encapsulated JQ1 in both the membrane and core, demonstrating superior therapeutic efficacy compared to freely delivered JQ1 in a mouse model of kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. JQ1-loaded liposomes (JQ1-NPs) effectively targeted the kidneys and only one administration, one-hour after injury, was enough to decrease the immune cell (neutrophils and monocytes) infiltration to the kidney-an early and pivotal step to prevent damage progression. By inhibiting BRD4, JQ1-NPs suppress the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes, such as cytokines (il-6) and chemokines (ccl2, ccl5). This success not only improved early the kidney function, as evidenced by decreased serum levels of BUN and creatinine in JQ1-NPs-treated mice, along with reduced tissue expression of the damage marker, NGAL, but also halted the production of extracellular matrix proteins (Fsp-1, Fn-1, α-SMA and Col1a1) and the fibrosis development. In summary, this work presents a promising nanotherapeutic strategy for AKI treatment and its progression and provides new insights into renal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Saiz
- Translational Immunology, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, Oviedo, Asturias 33011, Spain; ISCIII RICORS2040 Kidney Disease Research Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Lozano-Chamizo
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid E-28040, Spain; Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E-28029, Spain; Atrys Health, Madrid E-28001, Spain
| | - Aida Bernardo Florez
- Translational Immunology, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, Oviedo, Asturias 33011, Spain; ISCIII RICORS2040 Kidney Disease Research Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marzia Marciello
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid E-28040, Spain; Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Paula Diaz-Bulnes
- Translational Immunology, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, Oviedo, Asturias 33011, Spain; ISCIII RICORS2040 Kidney Disease Research Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Corte-Iglesias
- Translational Immunology, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, Oviedo, Asturias 33011, Spain; ISCIII RICORS2040 Kidney Disease Research Network, Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo 33011, Spain
| | - Cristian Ruiz Bernet
- Translational Immunology, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, Oviedo, Asturias 33011, Spain; ISCIII RICORS2040 Kidney Disease Research Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul R Rodrigues-Diez
- Translational Immunology, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, Oviedo, Asturias 33011, Spain; ISCIII RICORS2040 Kidney Disease Research Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Martin-Martin
- Translational Immunology, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, Oviedo, Asturias 33011, Spain; ISCIII RICORS2040 Kidney Disease Research Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Rodriguez-Santamaria
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, Oviedo, Asturias 33011, Spain
| | - Ivan Fernandez-Vega
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo 33001, Spain; Biobank of Principality of Asturias, Oviedo 33011, Spain
| | - Ramon M Rodriguez
- Lipids in Human Pathology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa 79, Palma, Balearic Islands E-07120, Spain; Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Ctra. Valldemossa79, Palma, Balearic Islands E-07120, Spain
| | - Carmen Diaz-Corte
- Translational Immunology, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, Oviedo, Asturias 33011, Spain; Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo 33001, Spain
| | - Beatriz Suarez-Alvarez
- Translational Immunology, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, Oviedo, Asturias 33011, Spain; ISCIII RICORS2040 Kidney Disease Research Network, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marco Filice
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid E-28040, Spain; Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E-28029, Spain.
| | - Carlos Lopez-Larrea
- Translational Immunology, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, Oviedo, Asturias 33011, Spain; ISCIII RICORS2040 Kidney Disease Research Network, Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo 33011, Spain
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2
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Lee H, Nam J, Jang H, Park YS, Son MH, Lee IH, Eyun SI, Yang JH, Jeon J, Yang S. BRD2-specific inhibitor, BBC0403, inhibits the progression of osteoarthritis pathogenesis in osteoarthritis-induced C57BL/6 male mice. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38600628 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The discovery of new bromo- and extra-terminal inhibitors presents new drugs to treat osteoarthritis (OA). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The new drug, BBC0403, was identified in the DNA-encoded library screening system by searching for compounds that target BRD (bromodomain-containing) proteins. The binding force with BRD proteins was evaluated using time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET) and binding kinetics assays. Subsequently, in vitro and ex vivo analyses demonstrated the effects of the BRD2 inhibitor, BBC0403, on OA. For animal experiments, medial meniscus destabilization was performed to create a 12-week-old male C57BL/6 mouse model, and intra-articular (i.a.) injections were administered. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were then performed. The underlying mechanism was confirmed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using RNA-seq. KEY RESULTS TR-FRET and binding kinetics assays revealed that BBC0403 exhibited higher binding specificity for BRD2 compared to BRD3 and BRD4. The anti-OA effects of BBC0403 were tested at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 μM (no cell toxicity in the range tested). The expression of catabolic factors, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation was reduced. Additionally, the i.a. injection of BBC0403 prevented OA cartilage degradation in mice. Finally, BBC0403 was demonstrated to suppress NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study demonstrated that BBC0403 is a novel BRD2-specific inhibitor and a potential i.a.-injectable therapeutic agent to treat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemi Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jiho Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hahyeong Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Seong-Il Eyun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Yang
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jimin Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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3
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Palumbo GA, Duminuco A. Myelofibrosis: In Search for BETter Targeted Therapies. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:5044-5048. [PMID: 37751563 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe A Palumbo
- Department of Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate "G.F. Ingrassia," University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Duminuco
- Postgraduate School of Hematology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Wen Y, Song Y, Ma Y, Wen J, Yang J. Sanguinarine targets BRD4 to suppress cell proliferation and migration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23451. [PMID: 37393519 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Sanguinarine is an alkaloid with diverse biological activities, nevertheless, whether it can target epigenetic modifiers remains unknown. In this study, sanguinarine was characterized as a strong BRD4 inhibitor with IC50 = 361.3 nM against BRD4 (BD1) and IC50 = 302.7 nM against BRD4 (BD2) that can inactivate BRD4 reversibly. Additional cellular assays suggested that sanguinarine can bind BRD4 in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cell line 786-O and inhibit cell growth with IC50 (24 h) = 0.6752 μM and IC50 (48 h) = 0.5959 μM in a BRD4 dependent manner partially. Meanwhile, sanguinarine can inhibit the migration of 786-O cells in vitro and in vivo, and reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, it can inhibit 786-O cells proliferation in vivo in a BRD4 dependent manner partially. In sum, our study identified BRD4 as a new target of sanguinarine, and sanguinarine may serve as a potential therapeutic agent against ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wen
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Urodynamic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yue Song
- The Academy of Medical Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Urology, Urodynamic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Department of Urology, Urodynamic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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5
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Hamilton EP, Wang JS, Oza AM, Patel MR, Ulahannan SV, Bauer T, Karlix JL, Zeron-Medina J, Fabbri G, Marco-Casanova P, Moorthy G, Hattersley MM, Littlewood GM, Mitchell P, Saeh J, Pouliot GP, Moore KN. First-in-human Study of AZD5153, A Small-molecule Inhibitor of Bromodomain Protein 4, in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Malignant Solid Tumors and Lymphoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:1154-1165. [PMID: 37486983 PMCID: PMC10544002 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
AZD5153, a reversible, bivalent inhibitor of the bromodomain and extraterminal family protein BRD4, has preclinical activity in multiple tumors. This first-in-human, phase I study investigated AZD5153 alone or with olaparib in patients with relapsed/refractory solid tumors or lymphoma. Adults with relapsed tumors intolerant of, or refractory to, prior therapies received escalating doses of oral AZD5153 once daily or twice daily continuously (21-day cycles), or AZD5153 once daily/twice daily continuously or intermittently plus olaparib 300 mg twice daily, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Between June 30, 2017 and April 19, 2021, 34 patients received monotherapy and 15 received combination therapy. Dose-limiting toxicities were thrombocytopenia/platelet count decreased (n = 4/n = 2) and diarrhea (n = 1). The recommended phase II doses (RP2D) were AZD5153 30 mg once daily or 15 mg twice daily (monotherapy) and 10 mg once daily (intermittent schedule) with olaparib. With AZD5153 monotherapy, common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) included fatigue (38.2%), thrombocytopenia, and diarrhea (each 32.4%); common grade ≥ 3 TEAEs were thrombocytopenia (14.7%) and anemia (8.8%). With the combination, common TEAEs included nausea (66.7%) and fatigue (53.3%); the most common grade ≥ 3 TEAE was thrombocytopenia (26.7%). AZD5153 had dose-dependent pharmacokinetics, with minimal accumulation, and demonstrated dose-dependent modulation of peripheral biomarkers, including upregulation of HEXIM1. One patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer receiving combination treatment had a partial response lasting 4.2 months. These results show AZD5153 was tolerable as monotherapy and in combination at the RP2Ds; common toxicities were fatigue, hematologic AEs, and gastrointestinal AEs. Strong evidence of peripheral target engagement was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika P. Hamilton
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Judy S. Wang
- Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota, Florida
| | - Amit M. Oza
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network/Sinai Health Systems, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manish R. Patel
- Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota, Florida
| | - Susanna V. Ulahannan
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Todd Bauer
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | | | - Ganesh Moorthy
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Jamal Saeh
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Kathleen N. Moore
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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6
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Power H, Valtchev P, Dehghani F, Schindeler A. Strategies for senolytic drug discovery. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13948. [PMID: 37548098 PMCID: PMC10577556 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Senolytics are a category of drugs that reduce the impact of cellular senescence, an effect associated with a range of chronic and age-related diseases. Since the discovery of the first senolytics in 2015, the number of known senolytic agents has grown dramatically. This review discusses the broad categories of known senolytics-kinase inhibitors, Bcl-2 family protein inhibitors, naturally occurring polyphenols, heat shock protein inhibitors, BET family protein inhibitors, P53 stabilizers, repurposed anti-cancer drugs, cardiac steroids, PPAR-alpha agonists, and antibiotics. The approaches used to screen for new senolytics are articulated including a range of methods to induce senescence, different target cell types, various senolytic assays, and markers. The choice of methods can greatly influence the outcomes of a screen, with high-quality screens featuring robust systems, adequate controls, and extensive validation in alternate assays. Recent advances in single-cell analysis and computational methods for senolytic identification are also discussed. There is significant potential for further drug discovery, but this will require additional research into drug targets and mechanisms of actions and their subsequent rigorous evaluation in pre-clinical models and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Power
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Centre for Advanced Food EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Bioengineering and Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe Children's Hospital at Westmead and The Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Peter Valtchev
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Centre for Advanced Food EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Centre for Advanced Food EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Aaron Schindeler
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Centre for Advanced Food EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Bioengineering and Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe Children's Hospital at Westmead and The Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
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7
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Lee H, Nam J, Jang H, Park YS, Son MH, Lee IH, Eyun SI, Jeon J, Yang S. Novel molecule BBC0901 inhibits BRD4 and acts as a catabolic regulator in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115426. [PMID: 37666177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is induced by matrix degradation and inflammation mediated by bromo-domain-containing protein 4 (BRD4)-dependent catabolic factors. BRD4 acts as both a transcriptional regulator and an epigenetic reader. BBC0901 was identified as an inhibitor of BRD4 using a DNA-encoded library screening system. We aimed to demonstrate the effects of BBC0901 on OA pathogenesis by in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo analyses. BBC0901 inhibited the expression of catabolic factors that degrade cartilage without significantly affecting the viability of mouse articular chondrocytes. Additionally, ex vivo experiments under conditions mimicking OA showed that BBC0901 suppressed extracellular matrix degradation. RNA sequencing analysis of gene expression patterns showed that BBC0901 inhibited the expression of catabolic factors, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cyclooxygenase (COX)2, along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, intra-articular (IA) injection of BBC0901 into the knee joint blocked osteoarthritic cartilage destruction by inhibition of MMP3, MMP13, COX2, interleukin (IL)6, and ROS production, thereby obstructing the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell and mitogen activated protein kinase signaling. In conclusion, BBC0901-mediated BRD4 inhibition prevented OA development by attenuating catabolic signaling and hence, can be considered a promising IA therapeutic for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemi Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiho Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hahyeong Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Sik Park
- Benobio Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do 13494, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Hee Son
- Benobio Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do 13494, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Hyun Lee
- Benobio Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do 13494, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Il Eyun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jimin Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Sarsons CD, Gilham D, Tsujikawa LM, Wasiak S, Fu L, Rakai BD, Stotz SC, Carestia A, Sweeney M, Kulikowski E. Apabetalone, a Clinical-Stage, Selective BET Inhibitor, Opposes DUX4 Target Gene Expression in Primary Human FSHD Muscle Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2683. [PMID: 37893058 PMCID: PMC10604783 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) is a muscle disease caused by inappropriate expression of the double homeobox 4 (DUX4) gene in skeletal muscle, and its downstream activation of pro-apoptotic transcriptional programs. Inhibitors of DUX4 expression have the potential to treat FSHD. Apabetalone is a clinical-stage bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitor, selective for the second bromodomain on BET proteins. Using primary human skeletal muscle cells from FSHD type 1 patients, we evaluated apabetalone for its ability to counter DUX4's deleterious effects and compared it with the pan-BET inhibitor JQ1, and the p38 MAPK inhibitor-and DUX4 transcriptional repressor-losmapimod. We applied RNA-sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to detect treatment-associated impacts on the transcriptome of these cells. Apabetalone inhibited the expression of DUX4 downstream markers, reversing hallmarks of FSHD gene expression in differentiated muscle cells. JQ1, but not apabetalone, was found to induce apoptosis. While both BET inhibitors modestly impacted differentiation marker expression, they did not affect myotube fusion. Losmapimod also reduced expression of DUX4 target genes but differed in its impact on FSHD-associated pathways. These findings demonstrate that apabetalone inhibits DUX4 target gene expression and reverses transcriptional programs that contribute to FSHD pathology, making this drug a promising candidate therapeutic for FSHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dean Gilham
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Laura M. Tsujikawa
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Sylwia Wasiak
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Li Fu
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Brooke D. Rakai
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Stephanie C. Stotz
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Agostina Carestia
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Michael Sweeney
- Resverlogix Corp., 535 Mission St., 14th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
| | - Ewelina Kulikowski
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
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9
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Wang C, Chen C, Pan Z, He Y, Zhang Z, Liu R, Xue Y, Zhou Q, Gao X. Quantitative Proteomics of the CDK9 Interactome Reveals a Function of the HSP90-CDC37-P-TEFb Complex for BETi-Induced HIV-1 Latency Reactivation. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:2880-2889. [PMID: 37540094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Brd4 has been intensively investigated as a promising drug target because of its implicated functions in oncogenesis, inflammation, and HIV-1 transcription. The formation of the Brd4-P-TEFb (CDK9/Cyclin T1) complex and its regulation of transcriptional elongation are critical for HIV latency reactivation and expression of many oncogenes. To further investigate the mechanism of the Brd4-P-TEFb complex in controlling elongation, mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics of the CDK9 interactome was performed. Upon treatment with the selective BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1, 352 proteins were successfully identified with high confidence as CDK9-interacting proteins. Among them, increased bindings of HSP90 and CDC37 to CDK9 were particularly striking, and our data suggest that the HSP90-CDC37-P-TEFb complex is involved in controlling the dynamic equilibrium of the P-TEFb complex during BETi-induced reactivation of HIV-1 latency. Furthermore, the HSP90-CDC37-P-TEFb complex directly regulates HIV-1 transcription and relies on recruitment by heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) for binding to the HIV-1 promoter. These results advance the understanding of HSP90-CDC37-P-TEFb in HIV-1 latency reversal and enlighten the development of potential strategies to eradicate HIV-1 using a combination of targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- Medical Center of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Chunjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhenrui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yaohui He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhanming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Rongdiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yuhua Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
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10
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Fleck K, McNutt S, Chu F, Jeffers V. An apicomplexan bromodomain protein, TgBDP1, associates with diverse epigenetic factors to regulate essential transcriptional processes in Toxoplasma gondii. mBio 2023; 14:e0357322. [PMID: 37350586 PMCID: PMC10470533 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03573-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The protozoan pathogen Toxoplasma gondii relies on tight regulation of gene expression to invade and establish infection in its host. The divergent gene regulatory mechanisms of Toxoplasma and related apicomplexan pathogens rely heavily on regulators of chromatin structure and histone modifications. The important contribution of histone acetylation for Toxoplasma in both acute and chronic infection has been demonstrated, where histone acetylation increases at active gene loci. However, the direct consequences of specific histone acetylation marks and the chromatin pathway that influences transcriptional regulation in response to the modification are unclear. As a reader of lysine acetylation, the bromodomain serves as a mediator between the acetylated histone and transcriptional regulators. Here we show that the bromodomain protein, TgBDP1, which is conserved among Apicomplexa and within the Alveolata superphylum, is essential for Toxoplasma asexual proliferation. Using cleavage under targets and tagmentation, we demonstrate that TgBDP1 is recruited to transcriptional start sites of a large proportion of parasite genes. Transcriptional profiling during TgBDP1 knockdown revealed that loss of TgBDP1 leads to major dysregulation of gene expression, implying multiple roles for TgBDP1 in both gene activation and repression. This is supported by interactome analysis of TgBDP1 demonstrating that TgBDP1 forms a core complex with two other bromodomain proteins and an ApiAP2 factor. This core complex appears to interact with other epigenetic factors such as nucleosome remodeling complexes. We conclude that TgBDP1 interacts with diverse epigenetic regulators to exert opposing influences on gene expression in the Toxoplasma tachyzoite. IMPORTANCE Histone acetylation is critical for proper regulation of gene expression in the single-celled eukaryotic pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. Bromodomain proteins are "readers" of histone acetylation and may link the modified chromatin to transcription factors. Here, we show that the bromodomain protein TgBDP1 is essential for parasite survival and that loss of TgBDP1 results in global dysregulation of gene expression. TgBDP1 is recruited to the promoter region of a large proportion of parasite genes, forms a core complex with two other bromodomain proteins, and interacts with different transcriptional regulatory complexes. We conclude that TgBDP1 is a key factor for sensing specific histone modifications to influence multiple facets of transcriptional regulation in Toxoplasma gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Fleck
- Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Seth McNutt
- Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Feixia Chu
- Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Victoria Jeffers
- Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
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11
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Chen X, Wang C, Lu D, Luo H, Li S, Yin F, Luo Z, Cui N, Kong L, Wang X. Design, synthesis and mechanism studies of dual EZH2/BRD4 inhibitors for cancer therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 91:117386. [PMID: 37379621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of EZH2 is frequently observed in cancers, and the EZH2 inhibitors are only effective in hematological malignancies and almost noneffective against solid tumors. It has been reported that the combination of EZH2 and BRD4 inhibitors may be a promising strategy to treat solid tumors being insensitive to EZH2 inhibitors. Thus, a series of EZH2/BRD4 dual inhibitors were designed and synthesized. The optimized compound 28, encoded as KWCX-28, was the most potential compound by the SAR studies. Further mechanism studies showed that KWCX-28 inhibited HCT-116 cells proliferation (IC50 = 1.86 µM), induced HCT-116 cells apoptosis, arrested cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and resisted the histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) upregulation. Therefore, KWCX-28 was a potential dual EZH2/BRD4 inhibitors for treating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dehua Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Heng Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fucheng Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhongwen Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ningjie Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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12
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Wang Z, Yin L, Xiong Z, Huang F, Yang N, Jiang F, Li H, Cui Y, Ren J, Cheng Z, Jia K, Lu T, Zhu J, Hu Q, Chen Y. Discovery of a Bromodomain and Extra Terminal Domain (BET) Inhibitor with the Selectivity for the Second Bromodomain (BD2) and the Capacity for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. J Med Chem 2023; 66:10824-10848. [PMID: 37478496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Selective inhibitors targeting the first bromodomain (BD1) or the second bromodomain (BD2) of the bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) proteins have triggered extensive research to produce more specific agents. Herein, we described our efforts to design and synthesize a series of selective BET BD2 inhibitors with novel structures. Among them, compound 45 showed single-digit nanomolar potency against BRD4 BD2 (IC50: 1.6 nM) and a 328-fold selectivity for BRD4 BD2 over BRD4 BD1 (IC50: 524 nM). Besides, 45 possessed potent effects on regulating the differentiation of Th17 cells and reducing the levels of Th17-related cytokines by affecting the activation of STAT3 and NF-κB. Further studies demonstrated that 45 had significant therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This work provides a strong foundation for the development of selective BET BD2 inhibitors and the therapeutic strategy for psoriasis and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Li Yin
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghan Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Na Yang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Fei Jiang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Huili Li
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Jiwei Ren
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Zitian Cheng
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Kun Jia
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jiapeng Zhu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Chen
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
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13
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Kałafut J, Czerwonka A, Czapla K, Przybyszewska-Podstawka A, Hermanowicz JM, Rivero-Müller A, Borkiewicz L. Regulation of Notch1 Signalling by Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancers and Other Health Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12579. [PMID: 37628760 PMCID: PMC10454443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch1 signalling plays a multifaceted role in tissue development and homeostasis. Currently, due to the pivotal role of Notch1 signalling, the relationship between NOTCH1 expression and the development of health disorders is being intensively studied. Nevertheless, Notch1 signalling is not only controlled at the transcriptional level but also by a variety of post-translational events. First is the ligand-dependent mechanical activation of NOTCH receptors and then the intracellular crosstalk with other signalling molecules-among those are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the specific role of lncRNAs in the modulation of Notch1 signalling, from expression to activity, and their connection with the development of health disorders, especially cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kałafut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Raławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (A.C.); (K.C.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Arkadiusz Czerwonka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Raławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (A.C.); (K.C.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Karolina Czapla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Raławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (A.C.); (K.C.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Alicja Przybyszewska-Podstawka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Raławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (A.C.); (K.C.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Justyna Magdalena Hermanowicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Raławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (A.C.); (K.C.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Lidia Borkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Raławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (A.C.); (K.C.); (A.P.-P.)
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14
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Sun Z, Fan J, Dang Y, Zhao Y. Enhancer in cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Genet Mol Biol 2023; 46:e20220313. [PMID: 37548349 PMCID: PMC10405138 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancers are essential cis-acting regulatory elements that determine cell identity and tumor progression. Enhancer function is dependent on the physical interaction between the enhancer and its target promoter inside its local chromatin environment. Enhancer reprogramming is an important mechanism in cancer pathogenesis and can be driven by both cis and trans factors. Super enhancers are acquired at oncogenes in numerous cancer types and represent potential targets for cancer treatment. BET and CDK inhibitors act through mechanisms of enhancer function and have shown promising results in therapy for various types of cancer. Genome editing is another way to reprogram enhancers in cancer treatment. The relationship between enhancers and cancer has been revised by several authors in the past few years, which mainly focuses on the mechanisms by which enhancers can impact cancer. Here, we emphasize SE's role in cancer pathogenesis and the new therapies involving epigenetic regulators (BETi and CDKi). We suggest that understanding mechanisms of activity would aid clinical success for these anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Sun
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Weiyang District, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No.1 XinWang Rd, Weiyang District, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinbo Fan
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Weiyang District, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yixiong Dang
- Xi’an Medical University, School of Public Health, Weiyang District, Xi’an, 710021 Shaanxi, China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No.1 XinWang Rd, Weiyang District, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Zheng X, Diktonaite K, Qiu H. Epigenetic Reader Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4 in Aging-Related Vascular Pathologies and Diseases: Molecular Basis, Functional Relevance, and Clinical Potential. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1135. [PMID: 37509171 PMCID: PMC10376956 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a key independent risk factor of various vascular diseases, for which the regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is a member of the Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal domain (BET) family and is an epigenetic reader playing diverse roles in regulating transcriptional elongation, chromatin remodeling, DNA damage response, and alternative splicing in various cells and tissues. While BRD4 was initially recognized for its involvement in cancer progression, recent studies have revealed that the aberrant expression and impaired function of BRD4 were highly associated with aging-related vascular pathology, affecting multiple key biological processes in the vascular cells and tissues, providing new insights into the understanding of vascular pathophysiology and pathogenesis of vascular diseases. This review summarizes the recent advances in BRD4 biological function, and the progression of the studies related to BRD4 in aging-associated vascular pathologies and diseases, including atherosclerosis, aortic aneurism vascular neointima formation, pulmonary hypertension, and essential hypertension, providing updated information to advance our understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms in vascular diseases during aging and paving the way for future research and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zheng
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (X.Z.); (K.D.)
| | - Kotryna Diktonaite
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (X.Z.); (K.D.)
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (X.Z.); (K.D.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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16
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Yang X, Xu L, Yang L. Recent advances in EZH2-based dual inhibitors in the treatment of cancers. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115461. [PMID: 37156182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) protein is the catalytic subunit of one of the histone methyltransferases. EZH2 catalyzes the trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3) and further alters downstream target levels. EZH2 is upregulated in cancer tissues, wherein its levels correlate strongly with cancer genesis, progression, metastasis, and invasion. Consequently, it has emerged as a novel anticancer therapeutic target. Nonetheless, developing EZH2 inhibitors (EZH2i) has encountered numerous difficulties, such as pre-clinical drug resistance and poor therapeutic effect. The EZH2i synergistically suppresses cancers when used in combination with additional antitumor drugs, such as PARP inhibitors, HDAC inhibitors, BRD4 inhibitors, EZH1 inhibitors, and EHMT2 inhibitors. Typically, the use of dual inhibitors of two different targets mediated by one individual molecule has been recognized as the preferred approach for overcoming the limitations of EZH2 monotherapy. The present review discusses the theoretical basis for designing EZH2-based dual-target inhibitors, and also describes some in vitro and in vivo analysis results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
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17
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Dual mechanism: Epigenetic inhibitor apabetalone reduces SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variant spike binding and attenuates SARS-CoV-2 RNA induced inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109929. [PMID: 36857935 PMCID: PMC9946890 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus initiates infection via interactions between the viral spike protein and the ACE2 receptors on host cells. Variants of concern have mutations in the spike protein that enhance ACE2 binding affinity, leading to increased virulence and transmission. Viral RNAs released after entry into host cells trigger interferon-I (IFN-I) mediated inflammatory responses for viral clearance and resolution of infection. However, overreactive host IFN-I responses and pro-inflammatory signals drive COVID-19 pathophysiology and disease severity during acute infection. These immune abnormalities also lead to the development of post-COVID syndrome if persistent. Novel therapeutics are urgently required to reduce short- and long-term pathologic consequences associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Apabetalone, an inhibitor of epigenetic regulators of the BET protein family, is a candidate for COVID-19 treatment via a dual mechanism of action. In vitro, apabetalone downregulates ACE2 gene expression to limit SARS-CoV-2 entry and propagation. In pre-clinical models and patients treated for cardiovascular disease, apabetalone inhibits expression of inflammatory mediators involved in the pathologic cytokine storm (CS) stimulated by various cytokines. Here we show apabetalone treatment of human lung epithelial cells reduces binding of viral spike protein regardless of mutations found in the highly contagious Delta variant and heavily mutated Omicron. Additionally, we demonstrate that apabetalone counters expression of pro-inflammatory factors with roles in CS and IFN-I signaling in lung cells stimulated with SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Our results support clinical evaluation of apabetalone to treat COVID-19 and post-COVID syndrome regardless of the SARS-CoV-2 variant.
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18
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Yang Q, Al-Hendy A. Update on the Role and Regulatory Mechanism of Extracellular Matrix in the Pathogenesis of Uterine Fibroids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5778. [PMID: 36982852 PMCID: PMC10051203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (UFs), also known as leiomyomas, are benign tumors of the myometrium affecting over 70% of women worldwide, particularly women of color. Although benign, UFs are associated with significant morbidity; they are the primary indication for hysterectomy and a major source of gynecologic and reproductive dysfunction, ranging from menorrhagia and pelvic pain to infertility, recurrent miscarriage, and preterm labor. So far, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of UFs are still quite limited. A knowledge gap needs to be filled to help develop novel strategies that will ultimately facilitate the development of therapies and improve UF patient outcomes. Excessive ECM accumulation and aberrant remodeling are crucial for fibrotic diseases and excessive ECM deposition is the central characteristics of UFs. This review summarizes the recent progress of ascertaining the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms in UFs, from the perspective of factors regulating ECM production, ECM-mediated signaling, and pharmacological drugs targeting ECM accumulation. In addition, we provide the current state of knowledge by discussing the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation and emerging role of the extracellular matrix in the pathogenesis of UFs and in applications. Comprehensive and deeper insights into ECM-mediated alterations and interactions in cellular events will help develop novel strategies to treat patients with this common tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
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19
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Barros EP, Ries B, Champion C, Rieder SR, Riniker S. Accounting for Solvation Correlation Effects on the Thermodynamics of Water Networks in Protein Cavities. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:1794-1805. [PMID: 36917685 PMCID: PMC10052353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular recognition and ligand binding are at the core of biological function and drug discovery efforts. Water molecules play a significant role in mediating the protein-ligand interaction, acting as more than just the surrounding medium by affecting the thermodynamics and thus the outcome of the binding process. As individual water contributions are impossible to measure experimentally, a range of computational methods have emerged to identify hydration sites in protein pockets and characterize their energetic contributions for drug discovery applications. Even though several methods model solvation effects explicitly, they focus on determining the stability of specific water sites independently and neglect solvation correlation effects upon replacement of clusters of water molecules, which typically happens in hit-to-lead optimization. In this work, we rigorously determine the conjoint effects of replacing all combinations of water molecules in protein binding pockets through the use of the RE-EDS multistate free-energy method, which combines Hamiltonian replica exchange (RE) and enveloping distribution sampling (EDS). Applications on the small bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and four proteins of the bromodomain family illustrate the extent of solvation correlation effects on water thermodynamics, with the favorability of replacement of the water sites by pharmacophore probes highly dependent on the composition of the water network and the pocket environment. Given the ubiquity of water networks in biologically relevant protein targets, we believe our approach can be helpful for computer-aided drug discovery by providing a pocket-specific and a priori systematic consideration of solvation effects on ligand binding and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia P Barros
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Ries
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Candide Champion
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Salomé R Rieder
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sereina Riniker
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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20
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Liu M, Zhang K, Li Q, Pang H, Pan Z, Huang X, Wang L, Wu F, He G. Recent Advances on Small-Molecule Bromodomain-Containing Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1678-1699. [PMID: 36695774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, substantial research has been conducted on molecular mechanisms and inhibitors targeting bromodomains (BRDs) and extra-terminal (BET) family proteins. On this basis, non-BET BRD is gradually becoming a research hot spot. BRDs are abundant in histone acetyltransferase (HAT)-associated activating transcription factors, and BRD-containing HATs have been linked to cancer, inflammation, and viral replication. Therefore, the development of BRD-containing HATs as chemical probes is useful for understanding the specific biological roles of BRDs in diseases and drug discovery. Several types of BRD-containing HATs, including CBP/P300, PCAF/GCN5, and TAF1, are discussed in this context in terms of their structures, functions, and small-molecule inhibitors. Additionally, progress in BRD inhibitors/chemical probes and proteolysis targeting chimeras in terms of drug design, biological activity, and disease application are summarized. These findings provide insights into the development of BRD inhibitors as potential drug candidates for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kaiyao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qinjue Li
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Haiying Pang
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhaoping Pan
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Fengbo Wu
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
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21
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Wasiak S, Tsujikawa LM, Daze E, Gilham D, Stotz SC, Rakai BD, Sarsons CD, Fu L, Azhar S, Jahagirdar R, Sweeney M, Johansson JO, Wong NCW, Kulikowski E. Epigenetic BET reader inhibitor apabetalone (RVX-208) counters proinflammatory aortic gene expression in a diet induced obesity mouse model and in human endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2023; 364:10-19. [PMID: 36455344 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obese patients are at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A lipid-rich diet promotes arterial changes by inducing hypertension, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins contribute to endothelial and immune cell activation in vitro and in atherosclerosis mouse models. We aim to determine if BET inhibition can reduce lipid-rich diet-induced vascular inflammation in mice. METHODS Body weight, serum glucose and lipid levels were measured in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet (LFD) for 6 weeks and at study termination. BET inhibitors apabetalone and JQ1 were co-administered with the HFD for additional 16 weeks. Aortic gene expression was analyzed post necropsy by PCR, Nanostring nCounter® Inflammation Panel and bioinformatics pathway analysis. Transcription changes and BRD4 chromatin occupancy were analyzed in primary human endothelial cells in response to TNFα and apabetalone. RESULTS HFD induced weight gain, visceral obesity, high fasting blood glucose, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance compared to LFD controls. HFD upregulated the aortic expression of 47 genes involved in inflammation, innate immunity, cytoskeleton and complement pathways. Apabetalone and JQ1 treatment reduced HFD-induced aortic expression of proinflammatory genes. Congruently, bioinformatics predicted enhanced signaling by TNFα in the HFD versus LFD aorta, which was countered by BETi treatment. TNFα-stimulated human endothelial cells had increased expression of HFD-sensitive genes and higher BRD4 chromatin occupancy, which was countered by apabetalone treatment. CONCLUSIONS HFD induces vascular inflammation in mice through TNFα signaling. Apabetalone treatment reduces this proinflammatory phenotype, providing mechanistic insight into how BET inhibitors may reduce CVD risk in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Wasiak
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Laura M Tsujikawa
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Emily Daze
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Dean Gilham
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Stephanie C Stotz
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Brooke D Rakai
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Chris D Sarsons
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Li Fu
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Salman Azhar
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ravi Jahagirdar
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Michael Sweeney
- Resverlogix Inc., 535 Mission St, 14th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94105
| | - Jan O Johansson
- Resverlogix Inc., 535 Mission St, 14th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94105
| | - Norman C W Wong
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Ewelina Kulikowski
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada.
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22
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Tang L, Peng L, Tan C, Liu H, Chen P, Wang H. Role of HOXA9 in solid tumors: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:349. [PMID: 36376832 PMCID: PMC9664671 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HOXA9 functioning as a transcription factor is one of the members of HOX gene family, which governs multiple cellular activities by facilitating cellular signal transduction. In addition to be a driver in AML which has been widely studied, the role of HOXA9 in solid tumor progression has also received increasing attention in recent years, where the aberrant expression of HOXA9 is closely associated with the prognosis of patient. This review details the signaling pathways, binding partners, post-transcriptional regulation of HOXA9, and possible inhibitors of HOXA9 in solid tumors, which provides a reference basis for further study on the role of HOXA9 in solid tumors.
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23
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Chen IP, Ott M. Viral Hijacking of BET Proteins. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102274. [PMID: 36298829 PMCID: PMC9609653 DOI: 10.3390/v14102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the bromodomain and exterminal domain (BET) family mediate critical host functions such as cell proliferation, transcriptional regulation, and the innate immune response, which makes them preferred targets for viruses. These multidomain proteins are best known as transcriptional effectors able to read acetylated histone and non-histone proteins through their tandem bromodomains. They also contain other short motif-binding domains such as the extraterminal domain, which recognizes transcriptional regulatory proteins. Here, we describe how different viruses have evolved to hijack or disrupt host BET protein function through direct interactions with BET family members to support their own propagation. The network of virus-BET interactions emerges as highly intricate, which may complicate the use of small-molecule BET inhibitors-currently in clinical development for the treatment of cancer and cardiovascular diseases-to treat viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene P. Chen
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Identification of highly efficacious PROTACs targeting BRD4 against acute myeloid leukemia: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluations. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Poongavanam V, Atilaw Y, Siegel S, Giese A, Lehmann L, Meibom D, Erdelyi M, Kihlberg J. Linker-Dependent Folding Rationalizes PROTAC Cell Permeability. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13029-13040. [PMID: 36170570 PMCID: PMC9574858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) must be cell permeable to reach their target proteins. This is challenging as the bivalent structure of PROTACs puts them in chemical space at, or beyond, the outer limits of oral druggable space. We used NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations independently to gain insights into the origin of the differences in cell permeability displayed by three flexible cereblon PROTACs having closely related structures. Both methods revealed that the propensity of the PROTACs to adopt folded conformations with a low solvent-accessible 3D polar surface area in an apolar environment is correlated to high cell permeability. The chemical nature and the flexibility of the linker were essential for the PROTACs to populate folded conformations stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds, π-π interactions, and van der Waals interactions. We conclude that MD simulations may be used for the prospective ranking of cell permeability in the design of cereblon PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoseph Atilaw
- Department of Chemistry─BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephan Siegel
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Giese
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Lehmann
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer AG, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Daniel Meibom
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer AG, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mate Erdelyi
- Department of Chemistry─BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Kihlberg
- Department of Chemistry─BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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Shi X, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhao W, Dai X, Yang YG, Zhang X. Targeting bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins to inhibit neuroblastoma tumorigenesis through regulating MYCN. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1021820. [PMID: 36187481 PMCID: PMC9523081 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1021820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family proteins play important roles in regulating the expression of multiple proto-oncogenes by recognizing acetylation of histones and non-histone proteins including transcription factors, which subsequently promote tumor cell proliferation, survival, metastasis and immune escape. Therefore, BET family proteins are considered attractive therapeutic targets in various cancers. Currently, blocking of the BET proteins is a widely used therapeutic strategy for MYCN amplified high-risk neuroblastoma. Here, we summarized and reviewed the recent research progresses for the critical function of BET proteins, as an epigenetic reader, on tumorigenesis and the therapeutic potential of the BET/BRD4 inhibitors on MYCN amplified neuroblastoma. We also discussed the combined therapeutic strategies for BET inhibitor-resistant neuroblastoma.
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Elfiky AMI, Hageman IL, Becker MAJ, Verhoeff J, Li Yim AYF, Joustra VW, Mulders L, Fung I, Rioja I, Prinjha RK, Smithers NN, Furze RC, Mander PK, Bell MJ, Buskens CJ, D’Haens GR, Wildenberg ME, de Jonge WJ. A BET Protein Inhibitor Targeting Mononuclear Myeloid Cells Affects Specific Inflammatory Mediators and Pathways in Crohn’s Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182846. [PMID: 36139421 PMCID: PMC9497176 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Myeloid cells are critical determinants of the sustained inflammation in Crohn’s Disease (CD). Targeting such cells may be an effective therapeutic approach for refractory CD patients. Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain protein inhibitors (iBET) are potent anti-inflammatory agents; however, they also possess wide-ranging toxicities. In the current study, we make use of a BET inhibitor containing an esterase sensitive motif (ESM-iBET), which is cleaved by carboxylesterase-1 (CES1), a highly expressed esterase in mononuclear myeloid cells. Methods: We profiled CES1 protein expression in the intestinal biopsies, peripheral blood, and CD fistula tract (fCD) cells of CD patients using mass cytometry. The anti-inflammatory effect of ESM-iBET or its control (iBET) were evaluated in healthy donor CD14+ monocytes and fCD cells, using cytometric beads assay or RNA-sequencing. Results: CES1 was specifically expressed in monocyte, macrophage, and dendritic cell populations in the intestinal tissue, peripheral blood, and fCD cells of CD patients. ESM-iBET inhibited IL1β, IL6, and TNFα secretion from healthy donor CD14+ monocytes and fCD immune cells, with 10- to 26-fold more potency over iBET in isolated CD14+ monocytes. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that ESM-iBET inhibited multiple inflammatory pathways, including TNF, JAK-STAT, NF-kB, NOD2, and AKT signaling, with superior potency over iBET. Conclusions: We demonstrate specific CES1 expression in mononuclear myeloid cell subsets in peripheral blood and inflamed tissues of CD patients. We report that low dose ESM-iBET accumulates in CES1-expressing cells and exerts robust anti-inflammatory effects, which could be beneficial in refractory CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. I. Elfiky
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal and Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Ishtu L. Hageman
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal and Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marte A. J. Becker
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal and Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Verhoeff
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal and Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Free University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Y. F. Li Yim
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal and Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
- Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. Joustra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieven Mulders
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Fung
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal and Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inmaculada Rioja
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Rab K. Prinjha
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
| | | | - Rebecca C. Furze
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Palwinder K. Mander
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Matthew J. Bell
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Christianne J. Buskens
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert R. D’Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon E. Wildenberg
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal and Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal and Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31205668163 or +31625387973
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Hilton J, Cristea M, Postel-Vinay S, Baldini C, Voskoboynik M, Edenfield W, Shapiro GI, Cheng ML, Vuky J, Corr B, Das S, Apfel A, Xu K, Kozicki M, Ünsal-Kaçmaz K, Hammell A, Wang G, Ravindran P, Kollia G, Esposito O, Coker S, Diamond JR. BMS-986158, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of the Bromodomain and Extraterminal Domain Proteins, in Patients with Selected Advanced Solid Tumors: Results from a Phase 1/2a Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174079. [PMID: 36077617 PMCID: PMC9454848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This phase 1/2a, open-label study (NCT02419417) evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics of BMS-986158, a selective bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibitor. Dose escalation was performed with 3 BMS-986158 dosing schedules: A (5 days on, 2 days off; range, 0.75–4.5 mg), B (14 days on, 7 days off; 2.0–3.0 mg), and C (7 days on, 14 days off; 2.0–4.5 mg). Eighty-three patients were enrolled and received ≥1 BMS-986158 dose. Diarrhea (43%) and thrombocytopenia (39%) were the most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). A lower incidence of TRAEs was found with schedules A (72%) and C (72%) vs. B (100%). Stable disease was achieved in 12 (26.1%), 3 (37.5%), and 9 (31.0%) patients on schedules A, B, and C, respectively. Two patients on schedule A with a 4.5-mg starting dose (ovarian cancer, n = 1; nuclear protein in testis [NUT] carcinoma, n = 1) experienced a partial response. BMS-986158 demonstrated rapid-to-moderate absorption (median time to maximum observed plasma concentration, 1–4 h). As expected with an epigenetic modifier, expression changes in select BET-regulated genes occurred with BMS-986158 treatment. Schedule A dosing (5 days on, 2 days off) yielded tolerable safety, preliminary antitumor activity, and a dose-proportional PK profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hilton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Mihaela Cristea
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sophie Postel-Vinay
- Drug Development Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Capucine Baldini
- Drug Development Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Mark Voskoboynik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Alfred Health, Melbourne 3004, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jacqueline Vuky
- Department of Medicine/Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Bradley Corr
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | | | - Ke Xu
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08648, USA
| | | | | | - Amy Hammell
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Guan Wang
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08648, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer R. Diamond
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Chen H, Liu Z, Zheng L, Wang R, Shi L. BET inhibitors: an updated patent review (2018-2021). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:953-968. [PMID: 35982031 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2115354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins are epigenetic readers that regulate gene transcription and cell growth by binding to acetylated lysine resides on histones. They are involved in many physiological processes and pathological conditions such as cancer, inflammation, and metabolic diseases. Blockade of BET proteins has become an encouraging approach for the treatment of these human diseases, especially cancer. To date, a number of potent and specific BET inhibitors have been discovered and many of them have entered clinical trials. AREAS COVERED This review aims at providing an overview of molecular mechanisms of BET inhibitors and highlighting the research advancements published in recent patent literatures between 2018 and 2021. Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder, WIPO, EPO, USPTO and CNIPA databases were used for searching the literature and patents for BET inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION In recent years, an increasing number of structurally diverse BET inhibitors have been identified, including pan BET inhibitors, BD1 or BD2 selective BET inhibitors, bivalent BET inhibitors, kinase and BET dual inhibitors and BET-PROTACs. Despite of many challenges, BET inhibitors have high potential in the treatment of cancer and other diseases and the development of next-generation BET inhibitors could be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zhenling Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Lili Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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Xiao Q, Xiao Y, Li LY, Chen MK, Wu M. Multifaceted regulation of enhancers in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2022; 1865:194839. [PMID: 35750313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer is one kind of cis-elements regulating gene transcription, whose activity is tightly controlled by epigenetic enzymes and histone modifications. Active enhancers are classified into typical enhancers, super-enhancers and over-active enhancers, according to the enrichment and location of histone modifications. Epigenetic factors control the level of histone modifications on enhancers to determine their activity, such as histone methyltransferases and acetylases. Transcription factors, cofactors and mediators co-operate together and are required for enhancer functions. In turn, abnormalities in these trans-acting factors affect enhancer activity. Recent studies have revealed enhancer dysregulation as one of the important features for cancer. Variations in enhancer regions and mutations of enhancer regulatory genes are frequently observed in cancer cells, and altering the activity of onco-enhancers is able to repress oncogene expression, and suppress tumorigenesis and metastasis. Here we summarize the recent discoveries about enhancer regulation in cancer and discuss their potential application in diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Lian-Yun Li
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ming-Kai Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Min Wu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
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31
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin derivatives as potential BRD4 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Chen X, Meng F, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Ye X, Zhang W, Tong Y, Ji X, Xu R, Xu XL, You QD, Jiang ZY. Discovery of 2-((2-methylbenzyl)thio)-6-oxo-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile as a novel and effective bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitor for the treatment of sepsis. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tsujikawa LM, Kharenko OA, Stotz SC, Rakai BD, Sarsons CD, Gilham D, Wasiak S, Fu L, Sweeney M, Johansson JO, Wong NCW, Kulikowski E. Breaking boundaries: Pan BETi disrupt 3D chromatin structure, BD2-selective BETi are strictly epigenetic transcriptional regulators. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113230. [PMID: 35687908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bromodomain and extraterminal proteins (BETs) are more than just epigenetic regulators of transcription. Here we highlight a new role for the BET protein BRD4 in the maintenance of higher order chromatin structure at Topologically Associating Domain Boundaries (TADBs). BD2-selective and pan (non-selective) BET inhibitors (BETi) differentially support chromatin structure, selectively affecting transcription and cell viability. METHODS Using RNA-seq and BRD4 ChIP-seq, the differential effect of BETi treatment on the transcriptome and BRD4 chromatin occupancy of human aortic endothelial cells from diabetic patients (dHAECs) stimulated with TNFα was evaluated. Chromatin decondensation and DNA fragmentation was assessed by immunofluorescence imaging and quantification. Key dHAEC findings were verified in proliferating monocyte-like THP-1 cells using real time-PCR, BRD4 co-immunoprecipitation studies, western blots, proliferation and apoptosis assays. FINDINGS We discovered that 1) BRD4 co-localizes with Ying-Yang 1 (YY1) at TADBs, critical chromatin structure complexes proximal to many DNA repair genes. 2) BD2-selective BETi enrich BRD4/YY1 associations, while pan-BETi do not. 3) Failure to support chromatin structures through BRD4/YY1 enrichment inhibits DNA repair gene transcription, which induces DNA damage responses, and causes widespread chromatin decondensation, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis. 4) BD2-selective BETi maintain high order chromatin structure and cell viability, while reducing deleterious pro-inflammatory transcription. INTERPRETATION BRD4 plays a previously unrecognized role at TADBs. BETi differentially impact TADB stability. Our results provide translational insight for the development of BETi as therapeutics for a range of diseases including CVD, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Tsujikawa
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Olesya A Kharenko
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Stephanie C Stotz
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Brooke D Rakai
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Christopher D Sarsons
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Dean Gilham
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Sylwia Wasiak
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Li Fu
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Michael Sweeney
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 4010, 44 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA.
| | - Jan O Johansson
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 4010, 44 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA.
| | - Norman C W Wong
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Ewelina Kulikowski
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
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Fu L, Wasiak S, Tsujikawa LM, Rakai BD, Stotz SC, Wong NCW, Johansson JO, Sweeney M, Mohan CM, Khan A, Kulikowski E. Inhibition of epigenetic reader proteins by apabetalone counters inflammation in activated innate immune cells from Fabry disease patients receiving enzyme replacement therapy. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e00949. [PMID: 35417091 PMCID: PMC9007222 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X‐linked disorder of lipid metabolism, characterized by the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) due to defective the lysosomal enzyme, α‐galactosidase. Gb3 deposits activate immune‐mediated systemic inflammation, ultimately leading to life‐threatening consequences in multiple organs such as the heart and kidneys. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), the standard of care, is less effective with advanced tissue injury and inflammation in patients with FD. Here, we showed that MCP‐1 and TNF‐α cytokine levels were almost doubled in plasma from ERT‐treated FD patients. Chemokine receptor CCR2 surface expression was increased by twofold on monocytes from patients with low eGFR. We also observed an increase in IL12B transcripts in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) over a 2‐year period of continuous ERT. Apabetalone is a clinical‐stage oral bromodomain and extra terminal protein inhibitor (BETi), which has beneficial effects on cardiovascular and kidney disease related pathways including inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that apabetalone, a BD2‐selective BETi, dose dependently reduced the production of MCP‐1 and IL‐12 in stimulated PBMCs through transcriptional regulation of their encoding genes. Reactive oxygen species production was diminished by up to 80% in stimulated neutrophils following apabetalone treatment, corresponding with inhibition of NOX2 transcription. This study elucidates that inhibition of BET proteins by BD2‐selective apabetalone alleviates inflammatory processes and oxidative stress in innate immune cells in general and in FD. These results suggest potential benefit of BD2‐selective apabetalone in controlling inflammation and oxidative stress in FD, which will be further investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- Resverlogix Corp, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Connie M Mohan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aneal Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Metabolics and Genetics in Calgary (M.A.G.I.C.) Clinic Ltd., Calgary, AB, Canada
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Pezza A, Tavernelli LE, Alonso VL, Perdomo V, Gabarro R, Prinjha R, Rodríguez Araya E, Rioja I, Docampo R, Calderón F, Martin J, Serra E. Essential Bromodomain TcBDF2 as a Drug Target against Chagas Disease. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1062-1074. [PMID: 35482332 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a unicellular parasite that causes Chagas disease, which is endemic in the American continent but also worldwide, distributed by migratory movements. A striking feature of trypanosomatids is the polycistronic transcription associated with post-transcriptional mechanisms that regulate the levels of translatable mRNA. In this context, epigenetic regulatory mechanisms have been revealed to be of great importance, since they are the only ones that would control the access of RNA polymerases to chromatin. Bromodomains are epigenetic protein readers that recognize and specifically bind to acetylated lysine residues, mostly at histone proteins. There are seven coding sequences for BD-containing proteins in trypanosomatids, named TcBDF1 to TcBDF7, and a putative new protein containing a bromodomain was recently described. Using the Tet-regulated overexpression plasmid pTcINDEX-GW and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we were able to demonstrate the essentiality of TcBDF2 in T. cruzi. This bromodomain is located in the nucleus, through a bipartite nuclear localization signal. TcBDF2 was shown to be important for host cell invasion, amastigote replication, and differentiation from amastigotes to trypomastigotes. Overexpression of TcBDF2 diminished epimastigote replication. Also, some processes involved in pathogenesis were altered in these parasites, such as infection of mammalian cells, replication of amastigotes, and the number of trypomastigotes released from host cells. In in vitro studies, TcBDF2 was also able to bind inhibitors showing a specificity profile different from that of the previously characterized TcBDF3. These results point to TcBDF2 as a druggable target against T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Pezza
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luis E. Tavernelli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Victoria L. Alonso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Virginia Perdomo
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Raquel Gabarro
- GlaxoSmithKline Global Health, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rab Prinjha
- Immunology Research Unit, Research, R&D GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Elvio Rodríguez Araya
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Inmaculada Rioja
- Immunology Research Unit, Research, R&D GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Roberto Docampo
- Department of Cellular Biology and Center for Tropical and Global Emerging Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States
| | - Felix Calderón
- GlaxoSmithKline Global Health, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Martin
- GlaxoSmithKline Global Health, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteban Serra
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Maach S, Chiaramonte N, Borgonetti V, Sarno F, Pierucci F, Dei S, Teodori E, Altucci L, Meacci E, Galeotti N, Romanelli MN. Dual HDAC–BRD4 inhibitors endowed with antitumor and antihyperalgesic activity. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02896-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDAC) are enzymes that regulate the concentration of acetylated histones which, in turns, interact with the bromodomain (BRD) of BET (Bromodomain and Extracellular domain) proteins to affect transcriptional activity. Simultaneous blockade of both epigenetic players has shown synergistic effects in a variety of cancer cell lines. In this paper we report the design, synthesis and activity of new dual inhibitors, obtained by adding a methyltriazole moiety to some HDAC inhibitors carrying a benzodiazepine core, which were previously developed by us. An Alphascreen FRET assay showed that the compounds were able to interact with BRD4-1 and BRD4-2 proteins, with some selectivity for the latter, while the HDAC inhibiting properties were measured by means of an immunoprecipitation assay. The antiproliferative activity was tested on C26 adenocarcinoma, SSMC2 melanoma and SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Interestingly, both compounds were endowed with antihyperalgesic activity in the mouse Spared Nerve Injury (SNI) model.
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Fu R, Zu SJ, Liu YJ, Li JC, Dang WZ, Liao LP, Liu LP, Chen PY, Huang HM, Wu KH, Zhou B, Pan Q, Luo C, Zhang YY, Li GM. Selective bromodomain and extra-terminal bromodomain inhibitor inactivates macrophages and hepatic stellate cells to inhibit liver inflammation and fibrosis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10914-10930. [PMID: 35499161 PMCID: PMC9278415 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2066756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis occurs following inflammation triggered by the integrated actions of activated liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and the multiplicity of these mechanisms complicates drug therapy. Here, we demonstrate that the selective bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) bromodomain inhibitor compound38 can block both the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in macrophages, which decreased their secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. The inactivation of macrophages attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced injurious inflammation concurrent with a reduction in F4/80+ cells, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and neutrophil infiltration. Moreover, compound 38 inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin and transforming growth factor-beta/SMAD signaling pathways to abolish the activation of HSCs. In vivo, compound 38 significantly decreased the collagen deposition and fibrotic area of a CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model, and restored the deficiency of activated HSCs and the upregulation of liver inflammation. These results highlight the potential role of compound 38 in treating liver fibrosis considering its simultaneous inhibitory effects on liver inflammation and related fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, Yangpu District, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Jia Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, Yangpu District, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - He-Ming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang-Hui Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, Yangpu District, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, Yangpu District, China
- Research center, Zhoupu Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, Zhouyuan District, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang-Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, Yangpu District, China
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38
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Chen J, Tang P, Wang Y, Wang J, Yang C, Li Y, Yang G, Wu F, Zhang J, Ouyang L. Targeting Bromodomain-Selective Inhibitors of BET Proteins in Drug Discovery and Development. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5184-5211. [PMID: 35324195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Blocking the interactions between bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins and acetylated lysines of histones by small molecules has important implications for the treatment of cancers and other diseases. Many pan-BET inhibitors have shown satisfactory results in clinical trials, but their potential for poor tolerability and toxicity persist. However, recently reported studies illustrate that some BET bromodomain (BET-BD1 or BET-BD2)-selective inhibitors have advantage over pan-inhibitors, including reduced toxicity concerns. Furthermore, some selective BET inhibitors have similar or even better therapeutic efficacy in inflammatory diseases or cancers. Therefore, the development of selective BET inhibitors has become a hot spot for medicinal chemists. Here, we summarize the known selective BET-BD1 and BET-BD2 inhibitors and review the methods for enhancing the selectivity and potency of these inhibitors based on their different modes of interactions with BET-BD1 or BET-BD2. Finally, we discuss prospective strategies that selectively target the bromodomains of BET proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Pan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Chengcan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Gaoxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengbo Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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39
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Govindarajan V, Shah AH, Di L, Rivas S, Suter RK, Eichberg DG, Luther E, Lu V, Morell AA, Ivan ME, Komotar RJ, Ayad N, De La Fuente M. Systematic Review of Epigenetic Therapies for Treatment of IDH-mutant Glioma. World Neurosurg 2022; 162:47-56. [PMID: 35314408 PMCID: PMC9177782 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are present in 70% of World Health Organization grade II and III gliomas. IDH mutation induces accumulation of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate. Therefore, therapies targeting reversal of epigenetic dysregulation in gliomas have been suggested. However, the utility of epigenetic treatments in gliomas remains unclear. Here, we present the first clinical systematic review of epigenetic therapies in treatment of IDH-mutant gliomas and highlight their safety and efficacy. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases from 2000 to January 2021 following PRISMA guidelines. Articles were screened to include clinical usage of epigenetic therapies in case reports, prospective case series, or clinical trials. Primary and secondary outcomes included safety/tolerability of epigenetic therapies and progression-free survival/overall survival, respectively. RESULTS A total of 133 patients across 8 clinical studies were included in our analysis. IDH inhibitors appear to have the best safety profile, with an overall grade 3/grade 4 adverse event rate of 9%. Response rates to IDH-mutant inhibitors were highest in nonenhancing gliomas (stable disease achieved in 55% of patients). In contrast, histone deacetylase inhibitors demonstrate a lower safety profile with single-study adverse events as high as 28%. CONCLUSION IDH inhibitors appear promising given their benign toxicity profile and ease of monitoring. Histone deacetylase inhibitors appear to have a narrow therapeutic index, as lower concentrations do not appear effective, while increased doses can produce severe immunosuppressive effects. Preliminary data suggest that epigenetic therapies are generally well tolerated and may control disease in certain patient groups, such as those with nonenhancing lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidya Govindarajan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ashish H Shah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
| | - Long Di
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah Rivas
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert K Suter
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel G Eichberg
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Evan Luther
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Victor Lu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alexis A Morell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael E Ivan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ricardo J Komotar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nagi Ayad
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Macarena De La Fuente
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Liu CS, Rioja I, Bakr A, Veldwijk MR, Sperk E, Herskind C, Weichenhan D, Prinjha RK, Plass C, Schmezer P, Popanda O. Selective inhibitors of bromodomain BD1 and BD2 of BET proteins modulate radiation-induced pro-fibrotic fibroblast responses. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:275-286. [PMID: 35239184 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy can induce various adverse effects including fibrosis in cancer patients. Radiation-induced aberrant expression of pro-fibrotic genes has been associated with dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms. Pan-BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal domain) inhibitors, such as JQ1 and I-BET151, have been reported to attenuate the pro-fibrotic response after irradiation. Despite their profound pre-clinical efficacy, the clinical utility of pan-inhibitors is limited due to observed cyto-toxicicities. Recently, inhibitors were developed that selectively target the first (BD1) and second (BD2) bromodomain of the BET proteins (iBET-BD1 (GSK778) and iBET-BD2 (GSK046)). Here, their potential to attenuate radiation-induced fibroblast activation with low-toxicity was investigated. Our results indicated that cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in fibroblasts from BJ cells and six donors were reduced when treated with I-BET151 and iBET-BD1, but not with iBET-BD2. After irradiation, induction of DGKA and pro-fibrotic markers, especially COL1A1 and ACTA2, was attenuated with all BET inhibitors. H3K27ac enrichment was similar at the DGKA enhancer region after I-BET151 treatment and irradiation, but was reduced at the COL1A1 transcription start site and the ACTA2 enhancer site. iBET-BD2 did not change H3K27ac levels in these regions. BRD4 occupancy at these regions was not altered by any of the compounds. Cell migration activity was measured as a characteristic independent of extracellular matrix production and was un-changed in fibroblasts after irradiation and BET inhibitor-treatment. In conclusion, iBET-BD2 efficiently suppressed radiation-induced expression of DGKA and pro-fibrotic markers without showing cyto-toxicity. Thus BD2-selective targeting is a promising new therapeutic avenue for further investigations to prevent or attenuate radiotherapy-induced fibrosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Shan Liu
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Experimental Hepatology, Inflammation and Cancer Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inmaculada Rioja
- Immuno-Epigenetics, Immunology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Ali Bakr
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marlon R Veldwijk
- Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology Lab, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elena Sperk
- Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology Lab, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Herskind
- Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology Lab, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dieter Weichenhan
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- Immuno-Epigenetics, Immunology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schmezer
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Odilia Popanda
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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41
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Tao S, Tao S, Guo F, Zhang L, Zhao L, Fu P, Ma L. Discovery of indol-6-yl-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-7-one derivatives as bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitors for the treatment of kidney fibrosis. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 231:114153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Nord JA, Wynia-Smith SL, Gehant AL, Jones Lipinski RA, Naatz A, Rioja I, Prinjha RK, Corbett JA, Smith BC. N-terminal BET bromodomain inhibitors disrupt a BRD4-p65 interaction and reduce inducible nitric oxide synthase transcription in pancreatic β-cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:923925. [PMID: 36176467 PMCID: PMC9513428 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.923925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of pancreatic islets is a key driver of β-cell damage that can lead to autoreactivity and the eventual onset of autoimmune diabetes (T1D). In the islet, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines induce the transcription of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene, NOS2, ultimately resulting in increased nitric oxide (NO). Excessive or prolonged exposure to NO causes β-cell dysfunction and failure associated with defects in mitochondrial respiration. Recent studies showed that inhibition of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family of proteins, a druggable class of epigenetic reader proteins, prevents the onset and progression of T1D in the non-obese diabetic mouse model. We hypothesized that BET proteins co-activate transcription of cytokine-induced inflammatory gene targets in β-cells and that selective, chemotherapeutic inhibition of BET bromodomains could reduce such transcription. Here, we investigated the ability of BET bromodomain small molecule inhibitors to reduce the β-cell response to the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). BET bromodomain inhibition attenuated IL-1β-induced transcription of the inflammatory mediator NOS2 and consequent iNOS protein and NO production. Reduced NOS2 transcription is consistent with inhibition of NF-κB facilitated by disrupting the interaction of a single BET family member, BRD4, with the NF-κB subunit, p65. Using recently reported selective inhibitors of the first and second BET bromodomains, inhibition of only the first bromodomain was necessary to reduce the interaction of BRD4 with p65 in β-cells. Moreover, inhibition of the first bromodomain was sufficient to mitigate IL-1β-driven decreases in mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates and β-cell viability. By identifying a role for the interaction between BRD4 and p65 in controlling the response of β-cells to proinflammatory cytokines, we provide mechanistic information on how BET bromodomain inhibition can decrease inflammation. These studies also support the potential therapeutic application of more selective BET bromodomain inhibitors in attenuating β-cell inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Nord
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sarah L. Wynia-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Alyssa L. Gehant
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Aaron Naatz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Inmaculada Rioja
- Immuno-Epigenetics, Immunology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Rab K. Prinjha
- Immuno-Epigenetics, Immunology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Brian C. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Brian C. Smith,
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Xu H, Wen Y, Jin R, Chen H. Epigenetic modifications and targeted therapy in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:975819. [PMID: 36147798 PMCID: PMC9485478 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.975819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy resulting from the genetic alterations and epigenetic dysregulations of the hematopoietic progenitor cells. One-third of children with AML remain at risk of relapse even though outcomes have improved in recent decades. Epigenetic dysregulations have been identified to play a significant role during myeloid leukemogenesis. In contrast to genetic changes, epigenetic modifications are typically reversible, opening the door to the development of epigenetic targeted therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the landscape of epigenetic alterations and describe the current progress that has been made in epigenetic targeted therapy, and pay close attention to the potential value of epigenetic abnormalities in the precision and combinational therapy of pediatric AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxi Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Runming Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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He Z, Jiao H, An Q, Zhang X, Zengyangzong D, Xu J, Liu H, Ma L, Zhao W. Discovery of novel 4-phenylquinazoline-based BRD4 inhibitors for cardiac fibrosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:291-307. [PMID: 35127386 PMCID: PMC8799877 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain containing protein 4 (BRD4), as an epigenetic reader, can specifically bind to the acetyl lysine residues of histones and has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for various diseases, including cancer, cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Herein, we described the discovery of hit 5 bearing 4-phenylquinazoline skeleton through a high-throughput virtual screen using 2,003,400 compound library (enamine). Then, structure-activity relationship (SAR) study was performed and 47 new 4-phenylquinazoline derivatives toward BRD4 were further designed, synthesized and evaluated, using HTRF assay set up in our lab. Eventually, we identified compound C-34, which possessed better pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties as well as lower cytotoxicity against NRCF and NRCM cells, compared to the positive control JQ1. Using computer-based molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay, we further verified that C-34 could target BRD4 at molecular and cellular levels. Furthermore, treatment with C-34 effectively alleviated fibroblast activation in vitro and cardiac fibrosis in vivo, which was correlated with the decreased expression of BRD4 downstream target c-MYC as well as the depressed TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings indicate that novel BRD4 inhibitor C-34 tethering a 4-phenylquinazoline scaffold can serve as a lead compound for further development to treat fibrotic cardiovascular disease.
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Gao YP, Huang KJ, Wang FT, Hou YY, Xu J, Li G. Recent advances in biological detection with rolling circle amplification: design strategy, biosensing mechanism, and practical applications. Analyst 2022; 147:3396-3414. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00556e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rolling circle amplification (RCA) is a simple and isothermal DNA amplification technique that is used to generate thousands of repeating DNA sequences using circular templates under the catalysis of DNA polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-ping Gao
- International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
- Analysis and Testing Center, Xinyang College, Xinyang 464000, PR China
| | - Ke-Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Colleges and Universities for Food Safety and Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical and Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, PR China
| | - Fu-Ting Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, PR China
| | - Yang-Yang Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
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46
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Zhang J, Tang P, Zou L, Zhang J, Chen J, Yang C, He G, Liu B, Liu J, Chiang CM, Wang G, Ye T, Ouyang L. Discovery of Novel Dual-Target Inhibitor of Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4/Casein Kinase 2 Inducing Apoptosis and Autophagy-Associated Cell Death for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:18025-18053. [PMID: 34908415 PMCID: PMC10118286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is an attractive epigenetic target in human cancers. Inhibiting the phosphorylation of BRD4 by casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a potential strategy to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. The present study describes the synthesis of multiple BRD4-CK2 dual inhibitors based on rational drug design, structure-activity relationship, and in vitro and in vivo evaluations, and 44e was identified to possess potent and balanced activities against BRD4 (IC50 = 180 nM) and CK2 (IC50 = 230 nM). In vitro experiments show that 44e could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis and autophagy-associated cell death of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. In two in vivo xenograft mouse models, 44e displays potent anticancer activity without obvious toxicities. Taken together, we successfully synthesized the first highly effective BRD4-CK2 dual inhibitor, which is expected to be an attractive therapeutic strategy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Pan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Juncheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Chengcan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
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Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens identify mechanisms of BET bromodomain inhibitor sensitivity. iScience 2021; 24:103323. [PMID: 34805786 PMCID: PMC8581576 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BET bromodomain inhibitors hold promise as therapeutic agents in diverse indications, but their clinical progression has been challenging and none have received regulatory approval. Early clinical trials in cancer have shown heterogeneous clinical responses, development of resistance, and adverse events. Increased understanding of their mechanism(s) of action and identification of biomarkers are needed to identify appropriate indication(s) and achieve efficacious dosing. Using genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens at different concentrations, we report molecular mechanisms defining cellular responses to BET inhibitors, some of which appear specific to a single compound concentration. We identify multiple transcriptional regulators and mTOR pathway members as key determinants of JQ1 sensitivity and two Ca2+/Mn2+ transporters, ATP2C1 and TMEM165, as key determinants of JQ1 resistance. Our study reveals new molecular mediators of BET bromodomain inhibitor effects, suggests the involvement of manganese, and provides a rich resource for discovery of biomarkers and targets for combination therapies. CRISPR screens identify genes regulating sensitivity to BET bromodomain inhibitors Sensitivity and resistance hit lists are concentration-dependent mTOR pathway mediates sensitivity to BET bromodomain inhibitors Manganese regulates sensitivity to BET bromodomain inhibitors
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Brown JA, Bal J, Simeoni M, Williams P, Mander PK, Soden PE, Daga S, Fahy WA, Wong GK, Bloomer JC, Erwig L, Cui Y, Fernando D, Carnaghan H, Banham-Hall EJ, Hopkins S, Davis B, Oliveira JJ, Prinjha RK. A Randomized Study of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of GSK3358699, a Mononuclear Myeloid-Targeted Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Domain Inhibitor. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:2140-2155. [PMID: 34773923 PMCID: PMC9300116 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims GSK3358699 is a mononuclear myeloid‐targeted bromodomain and extra‐terminal domain (BET) family inhibitor which demonstrates immunomodulatory effects in vitro. This phase 1, randomized, first‐in‐human study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of GSK3358699 in healthy male participants (NCT03426995). Methods Part A (N = 23) included three dose‐escalating periods of 1‐40 mg of GSK3358699 or placebo in two cohorts in a single ascending‐dose crossover design. Part C (N = 25) was planned as an initial dose of 10 mg of GSK3358699 or placebo daily for 14 days followed by selected doses in four sequential cohorts. Results In part A, exposure to GSK3358699 and its metabolite GSK3206944 generally increased with increasing doses. The median initial half‐life ranged from 0.7 to 1.1 (GSK3358699) and 2.1 to 2.9 (GSK3206944) hours after a single dose of 1‐40 mg. GSK3206944 concentrations in monocytes were quantifiable at 1‐hour post‐dose following 10 mg of GSK3358699 and 1 and 4 hours post‐dose following 20‐40 mg. Mean predicted percentage inhibition of ex vivo lipopolysaccharide‐induced monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1 reached 75% with 40 mg of GSK3358699. GSK3358699 did not inhibit interleukin (IL)‐6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF). The most common adverse event (AE) was headache. Four AEs of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia were observed across parts A and C. One serious AE of atrial fibrillation (part C) required hospitalization. Conclusions Single doses of GSK3358699 are generally well tolerated with significant metabolite concentrations detected in target cells. A complete assessment of pharmacodynamics was limited by assay variability. A causal relationship could not be excluded for cardiac‐related AEs, resulting in an inability to identify a suitable repeat‐dose regimen and study termination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Bal
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D Stevenage, Stevenage, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lars Erwig
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D Stevenage, Stevenage, UK.,Current Address: Johnson & Johnson, 1 Chapel Place, Marylebone, London, UK
| | - Yi Cui
- GlaxoSmithKline, GSK House, Brentford, UK
| | - Disala Fernando
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D Clinical Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Carnaghan
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D Clinical Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sarah Hopkins
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D Clinical Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bill Davis
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D Clinical Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joao J Oliveira
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D Clinical Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Sabnis RW. Substituted 2,3-Benzodiazepines Derivatives as Bromodomain BRD4 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1530-1531. [PMID: 34676032 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ram W. Sabnis
- Smith, Gambrell & Russell LLP, 1230 Peachtree Street NE, Suite 3100, Atlanta, Georgia 30309, United States
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50
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Vaidergorn MM, da Silva Emery F, Ganesan A. From Hit Seeking to Magic Bullets: The Successful Union of Epigenetic and Fragment Based Drug Discovery (EPIDD + FBDD). J Med Chem 2021; 64:13980-14010. [PMID: 34591474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We review progress in the application of fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) to epigenetic drug discovery (EPIDD) targeted at epigenetic writer and eraser enzymes as well as reader domains over the last 15 years. The greatest successes to date are in prospecting for bromodomain binding ligands. From a diverse array of fragment hits, multiple potent and selective compounds ensued, including the oncology clinical candidates mivebresib, ABBV-744, pelabresib, and PLX51107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M Vaidergorn
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Flavio da Silva Emery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - A Ganesan
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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