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Godyla-Jabłoński M, Raczkowska E, Jodkowska A, Kucharska AZ, Sozański T, Bronkowska M. Effects of Anthocyanins on Components of Metabolic Syndrome-A Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1103. [PMID: 38674794 PMCID: PMC11054851 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant health problem. The co-occurrence of obesity, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidaemia is estimated to affect 20-30% of adults worldwide. Researchers are seeking solutions to prevent and treat the conditions related to MetS. Preventive medicine, which focuses on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including diet, plays a special role. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables has documented health benefits, mainly due to the polyphenolic compounds it contains. Anthocyanins represent a major group of polyphenols; they exhibit anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, as well as beneficial effects on endothelial function and oxidative stress. This review presents recent reports on the mechanisms involved in the protective effects of anthocyanins on the body, especially among people with MetS. It includes epidemiological data, in vivo and in vitro preclinical studies and clinical observational studies. Anthocyanins are effective, widely available compounds that can be used in both the prevention and treatment of MetS and its complications. Increased consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods may contribute to the maintenance of normal body weight and modulation of the lipid profile in adults. However, further investigation is needed to confirm the beneficial effects of anthocyanins on serum glucose levels, improvement in insulin sensitivity and reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Godyla-Jabłoński
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Ewa Raczkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Jodkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Alicja Zofia Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Pharmacology and Medical Diagnostics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Monika Bronkowska
- Institute of Health Sciences—Collegium Salutis Humanae, University of Opole, Katowicka 68, 45-060 Opole, Poland;
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Brezoiu AM, Deaconu M, Mitran RA, Sedky NK, Schiets F, Marote P, Voicu IS, Matei C, Ziko L, Berger D. The Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Wild Bilberry Fruit Extracts Embedded in Mesoporous Silica-Type Supports: A Stability Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:250. [PMID: 38397847 PMCID: PMC10886266 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic extracts from wild bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) have shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but they are prone to degradation when exposed to environmental factors, limiting their use in biomedical applications. To overcome this issue, this study proposed the embedding of wild bilberry fruit ethanolic extracts in pristine mesoporous silica functionalized with organic groups (mercaptopropyl and propionic acid), as well as coated with fucoidan, a biopolymer. Herein, we report a stability study of free and incorporated extracts in mesoporous silica-type supports in high-humidity atmospheres at 40 °C up to 28 days, using HPLC analysis, thermal analysis, and radical scavenging activity determination. Better chemical and thermal stability over time was observed when the extracts were incorporated in mesoporous silica-type supports. After 12 months of storage, higher values of antioxidant activity were determined for the extract embedded in the supports, silica modified with mercaptopropyl groups (MCM-SH), and fucoidan-coated silica (MCM-SH-Fuc) than that of the free extract due to a synergistic activity between the support and extract. All encapsulated extracts demonstrated remarkable effects in reducing NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The treatment with extract embedded in MCM-SH-Fuc in a dose of 10 μg/mL surpassed the effect of free extract in the same concentration. For the extract encapsulated in an MCM-SH support, a lower IC50 value (0.69 μg/mL) towards COX-2 was obtained, comparable with that of Indomethacin (0.6 μg/mL). Also, this sample showed a higher selectivity index (2.71) for COX-2 than the reference anti-inflammatory drug (0.98). The developed formulations with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties could be further used in nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Brezoiu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.D.); (I.-S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Mihaela Deaconu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.D.); (I.-S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Raul-Augustin Mitran
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Nada K. Sedky
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, R5 New Garden City, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.K.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Frédéric Schiets
- UMR 5280 CNRS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ISA, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; (F.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Pedro Marote
- UMR 5280 CNRS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ISA, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; (F.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Iulia-Stefania Voicu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.D.); (I.-S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristian Matei
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.D.); (I.-S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Laila Ziko
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, R5 New Garden City, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.K.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Daniela Berger
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.D.); (I.-S.V.); (C.M.)
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Singh S, Sharma K, Sharma H. Green Extracts with Metal-based Nanoparticles for Treating Inflammatory Diseases: A Review. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:544-570. [PMID: 37278036 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230602164325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Globally, high death rates and poor quality of life are caused mainly by inflammatory diseases. Corticosteroids, which may have systemic side effects and would enhance the risk of infection, are the common forms of therapy. The field of nanomedicine has created composite nanoparticles that carry a pharmacological carrier and target ligands for distribution to sites of inflammation with less systemic toxicity. However, their relatively large size often causes systemic clearance. An interesting approach is metal-based nanoparticles that naturally reduce inflammation. They are made not only to be small enough to pass through biological barriers but also to allow label-free monitoring of their interactions with cells. The following literature review discusses the mechanistic analysis of the anti-inflammatory properties of several metal-based nanoparticles, including gold, silver, titanium dioxide, selenium, and zinc oxide. Current research focuses on the mechanisms by which nanoparticles infiltrate cells and the anti-inflammatory techniques using herbal extracts-based nanoparticles. Additionally, it provides a brief overview of the literature on many environmentally friendly sources employed in nanoparticle production and the mechanisms of action of various nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh-281406, India
| | - Khushi Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh-281406, India
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- Department of Computer Engineering & Applications GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh-281406, India
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Fátima Heredia R, Riestra-Ayora JI, Yanes-Díaz J, Thuissard Vasallo IJ, Andreu-Vázquez C, Sanz-Fernández R, Sánchez-Rodríguez C. Cocoa Polyphenols Prevent Age-Related Hearing Loss and Frailty in an In Vivo Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1994. [PMID: 38001847 PMCID: PMC10669688 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) impairs the quality of life in elderly persons. ARHL is associated with comorbidities, such as depression, falls, or frailty. Frailty syndrome is related to poor health outcomes in old age. ARHL is a potentially modifiable risk factor for frailty. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a key factor underlying the onset and/or development of ARHL and frailty. Cocoa has high levels of polyphenols and provides many health benefits due to its antioxidant properties. Male and female C57Bl/6J mice were randomly assigned to two study groups: animals receiving a cocoa-supplemented diet and the other receiving a standard diet. Then, at the ages of 6, 14, and 22 months, hearing and frailty were measured in all mice. Auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) threshold shifts were measured to different frequencies. The frailty score was based on the "Valencia Score" adapted to the experimental animals. The total antioxidant capacity and total polyphenols in urine samples were also measured. Significant improvements in hearing ability are observed in the cocoa groups at 6, 14, and 22 months compared to the no cocoa group. The cocoa diet significantly retards the development of frailty in mice. Cocoa increases the concentration of polyphenols excreted in the urine, which increases the total antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, cocoa, due to its antioxidant properties, leads to significant protection against ARHL and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía Fátima Heredia
- Department Clinical Analysis, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, km 12.500, 28905 Getafe, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan I. Riestra-Ayora
- Otolaryngology Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, km 12.500, 28905 Getafe, Madrid, Spain; (J.I.R.-A.); (J.Y.-D.); (R.S.-F.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain; (I.J.T.V.); (C.A.-V.)
| | - Joaquín Yanes-Díaz
- Otolaryngology Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, km 12.500, 28905 Getafe, Madrid, Spain; (J.I.R.-A.); (J.Y.-D.); (R.S.-F.)
| | - Israel John Thuissard Vasallo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain; (I.J.T.V.); (C.A.-V.)
| | - Cristina Andreu-Vázquez
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain; (I.J.T.V.); (C.A.-V.)
| | - Ricardo Sanz-Fernández
- Otolaryngology Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, km 12.500, 28905 Getafe, Madrid, Spain; (J.I.R.-A.); (J.Y.-D.); (R.S.-F.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain; (I.J.T.V.); (C.A.-V.)
| | - Carolina Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain; (I.J.T.V.); (C.A.-V.)
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Fragoso-Medina JA, López Vaquera SR, Domínguez-Uscanga A, Luna-Vital D, García N. Single anthocyanins effectiveness modulating inflammation markers in obesity: dosage and matrix composition analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1255518. [PMID: 38024376 PMCID: PMC10651755 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1255518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) are phytochemicals with numerous bioactivities, e.g., antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Health benefits from consuming ACN-rich foods, extracts, and supplements have been studied in clinical trials (CT). However, the individual effect of single ACNs and their correlation with doses and specific bioactivities or molecular targets have not been thoroughly analyzed. This review shows a recompilation of single anthocyanins composition and concentrations used in CT, conducted to investigate the effect of these anti-inflammatory derivatives in obese condition. Single anthocyanin doses with changes in the levels of frequently monitored markers were correlated. In addition, the analysis was complemented with reports of studies made in vitro with single ACNs. Anthocyanins' efficacy in diseases with high baseline obesity-related inflammation markers was evidenced. A poor correlation was found between most single anthocyanin doses and level changes of commonly monitored markers. Correlations between cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin derivatives and specific molecular targets were proposed. Our analysis showed that knowledge of specific compositions and anthocyanin concentrations determined in future studies would provide more information about mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alberto Fragoso-Medina
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Selma Romina López Vaquera
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Astrid Domínguez-Uscanga
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Diego Luna-Vital
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Noemí García
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Preclinical Research Unit, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
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Song W, Yuan Q, Wang Y, Mai M, Luo M, Guo H. Anthocyanin supplementation improves obesity-related inflammatory characteristics: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Res 2023; 116:1-11. [PMID: 37320946 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between anthocyanin intake and obesity-related inflammatory markers remains unclear in existing research. To investigate this, we hypothesized that anthocyanin supplementation could reduce plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and other cytokines in obesity. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SinoMed, and other related literature and identified 16 randomized controlled trials that met our inclusion criteria. Our findings showed that anthocyanin intake was significantly associated with a reduction in vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mean plasma concentrations (-53.56 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], -82.10 to -25.03). We also observed a modest decrease in CRP (-0.27 ng/mL; 95% CI, -0.58 to 0.05), TNF-α (-0.20 ng/mL; 95% CI, -0.54 to 0.15), and IL-6 (-0.53 ng/mL; 95% CI, -1.16 to 0.10) mean plasma concentrations. Subgroup analysis revealed that anthocyanin intake tended to decrease CRP and IL-6 concentrations in overweight or dyslipidemic individuals. Additionally, the intervention duration subgroup analysis showed that anthocyanin supplementation had a stronger effect on plasma IL-6 and TNF-α in participants after 8 to 12 weeks of intervention. In conclusion, our meta-analysis indicated that anthocyanin supplementation can effectively reduce obesity-related inflammatory markers associated with chronic low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhan Song
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qianhua Yuan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Meiqing Mai
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Mengliu Luo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Honghui Guo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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Ford ML, Cooley JM, Sripada V, Xu Z, Erickson JS, Bennett KP, Crawford DR. Eat4Genes: a bioinformatic rational gene targeting app and prototype model for improving human health. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1196520. [PMID: 37305078 PMCID: PMC10250663 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1196520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and aims Dietary Rational Gene Targeting (DRGT) is a therapeutic dietary strategy that uses healthy dietary agents to modulate the expression of disease-causing genes back toward the normal. Here we use the DRGT approach to (1) identify human studies assessing gene expression after ingestion of healthy dietary agents with an emphasis on whole foods, and (2) use this data to construct an online dietary guide app prototype toward eventually aiding patients, healthcare providers, community and researchers in treating and preventing numerous health conditions. Methods We used the keywords "human", "gene expression" and separately, 51 different dietary agents with reported health benefits to search GEO, PubMed, Google Scholar, Clinical trials, Cochrane library, and EMBL-EBI databases for related studies. Studies meeting qualifying criteria were assessed for gene modulations. The R-Shiny platform was utilized to construct an interactive app called "Eat4Genes". Results Fifty-one human ingestion studies (37 whole food related) and 96 key risk genes were identified. Human gene expression studies were found for 18 of 41 searched whole foods or extracts. App construction included the option to select either specific conditions/diseases or genes followed by food guide suggestions, key target genes, data sources and links, dietary suggestion rankings, bar chart or bubble chart visualization, optional full report, and nutrient categories. We also present user scenarios from physician and researcher perspectives. Conclusion In conclusion, an interactive dietary guide app prototype has been constructed as a first step towards eventually translating our DRGT strategy into an innovative, low-cost, healthy, and readily translatable public resource to improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L. Ford
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Jessica M. Cooley
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Veda Sripada
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Zhengwen Xu
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - John S. Erickson
- Rensselaer Institute for Data Exploration and Applications, Renssalaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Kristin P. Bennett
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Rensselaer Institute for Data Exploration and Applications, Renssalaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Dana R. Crawford
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
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Haș IM, Teleky BE, Vodnar DC, Ștefănescu BE, Tit DM, Nițescu M. Polyphenols and Cardiometabolic Health: Knowledge and Concern among Romanian People. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102281. [PMID: 37242164 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiometabolic health of the population is a crucial indicator of public health, considering the significant impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes on global mortality. Determining the population's knowledge and the predictors of these pathologies is essential in developing effective educational and clinical strategies for the prevention and management of cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Polyphenols are natural compounds with a multitude of beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health. This study explored the current knowledge, understanding, and awareness of CMR, the benefits of polyphenols among Romanians, and how sociodemographic and clinical characteristics influence this aspect. Five hundred forty-six subjects responded anonymously to an online questionnaire designed to assess their knowledge. The data were collected and analyzed based on gender, age, education level, and BMI status. Most respondents expressed concern to a great or very great extent about their health (78%) and food (60%), with significant differences (p < 0.05) depending on age, educational level, and BMI status. Of the respondents, 64.8% declared that they were familiar with the CMR term. Still, the results showed a weak correlation between the stated risk factors and the self-assessment of increased risk (r = 0.027) for CVD or diabetes. Only 35% of the respondents reported a good or very good knowledge of the term "polyphenols", 86% recognized the antioxidant effect, and significantly fewer (26%) recognized the prebiotic effect. Developing and implementing targeted educational strategies to enhance learning and individual behaviors related to CMR factors and the benefits of polyphenols is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Mariana Haș
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Bernadette-Emőke Teleky
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan-Cristian Vodnar
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bianca Eugenia Ștefănescu
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 N. Jiga St., 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Maria Nițescu
- Department of Preclinical-Complementary Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Huang H, Luo Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Li Z, He R, Chen X, Dong Z. Vaccinium as Potential Therapy for Diabetes and Microvascular Complications. Nutrients 2023; 15:2031. [PMID: 37432140 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most critical global health concerns, with a fast-growing prevalence. The incidence of diabetic vascular complications is also rapidly increasing, exacerbating the burden on individuals with diabetes and the consumption of public medical resources. Despite the overall improvements in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetic microvascular complications in recent years, safe and effective alternative or adjunctive therapies are urgently needed. The mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications are complex, with hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation being the leading causes. Therefore, glycemic control, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation are considered the main targets for the treatment of diabetes and its vascular comorbidities. Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) is a genus of plants enriched with polyphenolic compounds in their leaves and fruits. Vaccinium and its extracts have demonstrated good bioactivity in reducing blood glucose, oxidative stress, and inflammation, making them excellent candidates for the management of diabetes and diabetic vascular complications. Here, we review recent preclinical and clinical studies on the potential effect of Vaccinium on ameliorating diabetes and diabetic complications, particularly diabetic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yayong Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No. 99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Zhongxia Li
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No. 99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Ruikun He
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No. 99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zheyi Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
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Venturi S, Marino M, Cioffi I, Martini D, Del Bo' C, Perna S, Riso P, Klimis-Zacas D, Porrini M. Berry Dietary Interventions in Metabolic Syndrome: New Insights. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081906. [PMID: 37111125 PMCID: PMC10142833 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a group of dysmetabolic conditions, including abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and/or insulin resistance, and hypertension. Generally, MetS is accompanied by an exacerbation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction. Increasing evidence suggests that berries and berry bioactives could play a potential role in the prevention and mitigation of the risk factors associated with MetS. The present systematic review summarizes the more recently available evidence deriving from human intervention studies investigating the effect of berries in subjects with at least three out of five MetS parameters. The PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases were systematically searched from January 2010 until December 2022. A total of 17 human intervention trials met the inclusion criteria. Most of them were focused on blueberry (n = 6), cranberry (n = 3), and chokeberry (n = 3), while very few or none were available for the other berries. If considering MetS features, the main positive effects were related to lipid profile (low and high-density lipoproteins, cholesterol, and triglycerides) following blueberries and chokeberries, while conflicting results were documented for anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels. Other markers analyzed within the studies included vascular function, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Here, the main positive effects were related to inflammation with a reduction in interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha following the intake of different berries. In conclusion, although limited, the evidence seems to support a potential role for berries in the modulation of lipid profile and inflammation in subjects with MetS. Furthermore, high-quality intervention trials are mandatory to demonstrate the role of berries in reducing risk factors for MetS and related conditions. In the future, such a demonstration could bring the adoption of berries as a potential dietary strategy to prevent/counteract MetS and related risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Venturi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Marino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Iolanda Cioffi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Araya-Quintanilla F, Beatriz-Pizarro A, Sepúlveda-Loyola W, Maluf J, Pavez L, López-Gil JF, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H. Effectiveness of anthocyanins rich foods on cardiometabolic factors in individuals with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2023:10.1007/s00394-023-03142-8. [PMID: 37042998 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to determine whether anthocyanin-rich foods are effective to improve cardiometabolic markers in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS), compared with placebo or control interventions. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, LILACS, CINAHL, and Web of Science from their inception up to March 2022. We include clinical trials (randomized clinical trials, controlled clinical trials, and cross-over trials) with anthocyanin-rich foods versus placebo or control intervention that assessment cardiometabolic factors. RESULTS We found 14 clinical trials that met the eligibility criteria, and we included 10 studies for the quantitative synthesis. For anthocyanin-rich foods versus control interventions, the mean difference (MD) for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was - 7.98 mg/dL (CI = - 15.20 to - 0.77, GRADE: Very low). For homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the MD was 0.04 (CI = 0.08 to 0.16, GRADE: Moderate). The MD for interleukin 6 was 0.00 pg/mL (CI = - 0.01 to 0.00, GRADE: Low). For tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), the standardized mean difference (SMD) was - 0.52 pg/mL (CI = 0.85 to 0.19 GRADE: Very low) when compared with the control interventions. The certainty of the evidence for the other outcomes it is very low. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that anthocyanin-rich foods could improve certain cardiometabolic markers (e.g., TC, TG, LDL, and TNF-α) among individuals with MetS (with very low quality evidence according to GRADE), compared with placebo or other control interventions. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020187287.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Araya-Quintanilla
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Walter Sepúlveda-Loyola
- Department of Physiotherapy, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Las Americas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jordana Maluf
- Department of Physiotherapy, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Pavez
- NIAVA, Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Av. Manuel Montt 948, Providencia, 7500972, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Francisco López-Gil
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
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12
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Rathod NB, Elabed N, Punia S, Ozogul F, Kim SK, Rocha JM. Recent Developments in Polyphenol Applications on Human Health: A Review with Current Knowledge. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12061217. [PMID: 36986905 PMCID: PMC10053535 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenol has been used in treatment for some health disorders due to their diverse health promoting properties. These compounds can reduce the impacts of oxidation on the human body, prevent the organs and cell structure against deterioration and protect their functional integrity. The health promoting abilities are attributed to their high bioactivity imparting them high antioxidative, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral activity, as well as anticancer properties. The application of polyphenols such as flavonoids, catechin, tannins, and phenolic acids in the food industry as bio-preservative substances for foods and beverages can exert a superb activity on the inhibition of oxidative stress via different types of mechanisms. In this review, the detailed classification of polyphenolic compunds and their important bioactivity with special focus on human health are addressed. Additionally, their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 could be used as alternative therapy to treat COVID patients. Inclusions of polyphenolic compounds in various foods have demonstrated their ability to extend shelf life and they positive impacts on human health (antioxidative, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, anticancer). Additionally, their ability to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been reported. Considering their natural occurrence and GRAS status they are highly recommended in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikheel Bhojraj Rathod
- Post-Graduate Institute of Post-Harvest Technology and Management, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Roha 402 116, India
| | - Nariman Elabed
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, BP 77-1054 Amilcar, Carthage 1054, Tunisia
| | - Sneh Punia
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemoson University, Clemosn, SC 29634, USA
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Science & Convergence Engineering, College of Science & Technology, Hanyang University, ERICA Campus, Ansan 11558, Republic of Korea
| | - João Miguel Rocha
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Vaccinium Species (Ericaceae): Phytochemistry and Biological Properties of Medicinal Plants. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041533. [PMID: 36838522 PMCID: PMC9966428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) genus consists of a globally widespread and diverse genus of around 4250 species, of which the most valuable is the Vaccinioidae subfamily. The current review focuses on the distribution, history, bioactive compounds, and health-related effects of three species: cranberry, blueberry, and huckleberry. Several studies highlight that the consumption of Vaccinium spp. presents numerous beneficial health-related outcomes, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and protective effects against diabetes, obesity, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular disorders. These plants' prevalence and commercial value have enhanced in the past several years; thus, the generated by-products have also increased. Consequently, the identified phenolic compounds found in the discarded leaves of these plants are also presented, and their impact on health and economic value is discussed. The main bioactive compounds identified in this genus belong to anthocyanins (cyanidin, malvidin, and delphinidin), flavonoids (quercetin, isoquercetin, and astragalin), phenolic acids (gallic, p-Coumaric, cinnamic, syringic, ferulic, and caffeic acids), and iridoids.
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14
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Yarhosseini F, Darand M, Sangsefidi ZS, Mozaffari‐Khosravi H, Hosseinzadeh M. Does anthocyanins consumption affect weight and body composition? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Sci Pract 2023; 9:42-58. [PMID: 36789026 PMCID: PMC9913187 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Anthocyanins (ACNs) are water-soluble plant pigments belong to flavonoids with beneficial effects on health and disease prevention. Some studies have examined the effect of ACNs on anthropometric and body composition indices, but the findings were inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of ACNs and sources rich in anthocyanins on body mass index (BMI), body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), percentage of fat mass (PFM) and fat free mass (FFM). Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched with no limitation until May 2021 to find relevant randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT). The risk of bias was assessed utilizing Cochrane collaboration's tool. Weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using a random effects model. Results A total of 31 RCTs (with 0.77-640 mg/day of ACNs supplementation for 28-90 days) with 1438 participants were included. No significant effect was found in BMI, WC, HC, WHR, PFM and FFM after ACNs consumption. Conclusions The results showed that ACNs did not significantly affect anthropometric and body composition parameters. Further high-quality RCTs are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Yarhosseini
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran,Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Mina Darand
- Department of Clinical NutritionSchool of Nutrition and Food ScienceFood Security Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Zohreh Sadat Sangsefidi
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari‐Khosravi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran,Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran,Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
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15
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Sharma M, Rathi R, Kaur S, Singh I, Kadir EA, Chahardehi AM, Lim V. Antiinflammatory activity of herbal bioactive-based formulations for topical administration. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY THERAPY 2023:245-277. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-99988-5.00015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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16
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Polyphenols: a route from bioavailability to bioactivity addressing potential health benefits to tackle human chronic diseases. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:3-38. [PMID: 36260104 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pathologies or non-communicable diseases (NCDs) include cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, neurological diseases, respiratory disorders and cancer. They are the leading global cause of human mortality and morbidity. Given their chronic nature, NCDs represent a growing social and economic burden, hence urging the need for ameliorating the existing preventive strategies, and for finding novel tackling therapies. NCDs are highly correlated with unhealthy lifestyle habits (such as high-fat and high-glucose diet, or sedentary life). In general, lifestyle approaches that might improve these habits, including dietary consumption of fresh vegetables, fruits and fibers, may contrast NCD symptoms and prolong life expectancy of affected people. Polyphenols (PPLs) are plant-derived molecules with demonstrated biological activities in humans, which include: radical scavenging and anti-oxidant activities, capability to modulate inflammation, as well as human enzymes, and even to bind nuclear receptors. For these reasons, PPLs are currently tested, both preclinically and clinically, as dietary adjuvants for the prevention and treatment of NCDs. In this review, we describe the human metabolism and bioactivity of PPLs. Also, we report what is currently known about PPLs interaction with gastro-intestinal enzymes and gut microbiota, which allows their biotransformation in many different metabolites with several biological functions. The systemic bioactivity of PPLs and the newly available PPL-delivery nanosystems are also described in detail. Finally, the up-to-date clinical studies assessing both safety and efficacy of dietary PPLs in individuals with different NCDs are hereby reported. Overall, the clinical results support the notion that PPLs from fruits, vegetables, but also from leaves or seeds extracts, are safe and show significant positive results in ameliorating symptoms and improving the whole quality of life of people with NCDs.
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17
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de Oliveira MS, Pellenz FM, de Souza BM, Crispim D. Blueberry Consumption and Changes in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010019. [PMID: 36676944 PMCID: PMC9861336 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress are key mechanisms involved in obesity and related disorders. Polyphenols from blueberry (BB) and bilberries (BiB) might protect against oxidative damage and inflammation. To summarize the effects of BiB or BB consumption in parameters related to obesity and its comorbidities, a search of the literature was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library repositories to identify all studies that evaluated associations of whole BB or BiB with obesity and associated disorders. Thirty-one studies were eligible for inclusion in this review: eight clinical trials and 23 animal studies. In humans, BB consumption only consistently decreased oxidative stress and improved endothelial function. In rodents, BB or BiB consumption caused positive effects on glucose tolerance, nuclear factor-kappa B (Nf-κb) activity, oxidative stress, and triglyceride (TG) content in the liver and hepatic steatosis. The high content of anthocyanins present in BB and BiB seems to attenuate oxidative stress. The decrease in oxidative stress may have a positive impact on glucose tolerance and endothelial function. Moreover, in rodents, these berries seem to protect against hepatic steatosis, through the decreased accumulation of hepatic TGs. BB and BiB might also attenuate inflammation by decreasing Nf-κb activity and immune cell recruitment into the adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Souza de Oliveira
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Mateus Pellenz
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Marmontel de Souza
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Boscaro V, Rivoira M, Sgorbini B, Bordano V, Dadone F, Gallicchio M, Pons A, Benetti E, Rosa AC. Evidence-Based Anti-Diabetic Properties of Plant from the Occitan Valleys of the Piedmont Alps. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2371. [PMID: 36365189 PMCID: PMC9693256 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on urban and rural diabetes prevalence ratios show a significantly lower presence of diabetes in rural areas. Several bioactive compounds of plant origin are known to exert anti-diabetic properties. Interestingly, most of them naturally occur in different plants present in mountainous areas and are linked to traditions of herbal use. This review will aim to evaluate the last 10 years of evidence-based data on the potential anti-diabetic properties of 9 plants used in the Piedmont Alps (North-Western Italy) and identified through an ethnobotanical approach, based on the Occitan language minority of the Cuneo province (Sambucus nigra L., Achillea millefolium L., Cornus mas L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Fragaria vesca L., Rosa canina L., Rubus idaeus L., Rubus fruticosus/ulmifolius L., Urtica dioica L.), where there is a long history of herbal remedies. The mechanism underlying the anti-hyperglycemic effects and the clinical evidence available are discussed. Overall, this review points to the possible use of these plants as preventive or add-on therapy in treating diabetes. However, studies of a single variety grown in the geographical area, with strict standardization and titration of all the active ingredients, are warranted before applying the WHO strategy 2014-2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Boscaro
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Rivoira
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, University of Turin, Via Sant’Ottavio 20, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Atlante Linguistico Italiano (ALI), Via Sant’Ottavio 20, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Sgorbini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Bordano
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Dadone
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita Gallicchio
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Aline Pons
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, University of Turin, Via Sant’Ottavio 20, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Benetti
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Arianna Carolina Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
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Encapsulation of Bilberry Extract with Maltodextrin and Gum Arabic by Freeze-Drying: Formulation, Characterisation, and Storage Stability. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are polyphenolic plant pigments associated with antioxidant and health-promoting properties. However, their application in the food industry is limited due to their poor stability. The purpose of this study was to encapsulate anthocyanin-rich bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract by freeze-drying and to investigate the effects of different wall materials and extract contents on the physicochemical and bioactive properties of the obtained encapsulates. Ethanolic bilberry extract was encapsulated with the use of maltodextrin (16.5–19.5 DE) (MD), gum Arabic (GA), and their combination in a 1:1 w/w ratio (MIX). Bilberry solids to wall material ratios were examined at 20:80, 30:70, and 40:60. All encapsulates showed an attractive red colour and low water activity values (aw ≤ 0.3) that indicated a low risk of microbial spoilage. In general, the biggest losses of total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins during three-week storage in the dark and at room temperature (20 ± 2 °C) were detected in the case of encapsulates with a higher content of bilberry extract (MIX30 and MIX40, and GA30 and GA40, respectively). The use of maltodextrin provided the best protection to bilberry anthocyanins during forced storage. Overall, the obtained encapsulates show suitable potential for the development of food products with added nutritional benefits.
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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.). Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4570-4583. [PMID: 36286028 PMCID: PMC9601269 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is important in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases. The anti-inflammatory properties of berries have been investigated but the anti-inflammatory activity of bilberry has received little attention and a detailed review is yet to be published. Therefore, we compiled information on the phytochemicals of bilberry and preclinical and clinical studies of its anti-inflammatory properties. The review was based on studies from 2007 to date. Phytoconstituents of bilberries were phenolic acids, organic acids, anthocyanins, coumarins, flavonols, flavanols, tannins, terpenoids, and volatile chemicals. Data from cell and animal model studies show that bilberry has an anti-inflammatory effect by lowering tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β expression, inducing nitric oxide synthases and cyclooxygenases, and altering the nuclear factor kappa B and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways. Bilberry supplementation as fruits (frozen, processed, and whole), juices, and anthocyanins reduced levels of inflammatory markers in most clinical studies of metabolic disorders. Therefore, bilberry may be useful for the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Effect of Important Food Sources of Fructose-Containing Sugars on Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Feeding Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193986. [PMID: 36235639 PMCID: PMC9572084 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fructose-containing sugars as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) may increase inflammatory biomarkers. Whether this effect is mediated by the food matrix at different levels of energy is unknown. To investigate the role of food source and energy, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials on the effect of different food sources of fructose-containing sugars on inflammatory markers at different levels of energy control. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched through March 2022 for controlled feeding trials ≥ 7 days. Four trial designs were prespecified by energy control: substitution (energy matched replacement of sugars); addition (excess energy from sugars added to diets); subtraction (energy from sugars subtracted from diets); and ad libitum (energy from sugars freely replaced). The primary outcome was C-reactive protein (CRP). Secondary outcomes were tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. GRADE assessed certainty of evidence. Results: We identified 64 controlled trials (91 trial comparisons, n = 4094) assessing 12 food sources (SSB; sweetened dairy; sweetened dairy alternative [soy]; 100% fruit juice; fruit; dried fruit; mixed fruit forms; sweetened cereal grains and bars; sweets and desserts; added nutritive [caloric] sweetener; mixed sources [with SSBs]; and mixed sources [without SSBs]) at 4 levels of energy control over a median 6-weeks in predominantly healthy mixed weight or overweight/obese adults. Total fructose-containing sugars decreased CRP in addition trials and had no effect in substitution, subtraction or ad libitum trials. No effect was observed on other outcomes at any level of energy control. There was evidence of interaction/influence by food source: substitution trials (sweetened dairy alternative (soy) and 100% fruit juice decreased, and mixed sources (with SSBs) increased CRP); and addition trials (fruit decreased CRP and TNF-α; sweets and desserts (dark chocolate) decreased IL-6). The certainty of evidence was moderate-to-low for the majority of analyses. Conclusions: Food source appears to mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on inflammatory markers over the short-to-medium term. The evidence provides good indication that mixed sources that contain SSBs increase CRP, while most other food sources have no effect with some sources (fruit, 100% fruit juice, sweetened soy beverage or dark chocolate) showing decreases, which may be dependent on energy control. Clinicaltrials.gov: (NCT02716870).
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22
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Pemmari T, Hämäläinen M, Ryyti R, Peltola R, Moilanen E. Dried Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Alleviates the Inflammation and Adverse Metabolic Effects Caused by a High-Fat Diet in a Mouse Model of Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911021. [PMID: 36232316 PMCID: PMC9569776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing problem worldwide. It is often associated with co-morbidities such as type II diabetes, atherosclerotic diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The risk of these diseases can be lowered by relieving the systemic low-grade inflammation associated with obesity, even without noticeable weight loss. Bilberry is an anthocyanin-rich wild berry with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, a high-fat-diet-induced mouse model of obesity was used to investigate the effects of air-dried bilberry powder on weight gain, systemic inflammation, lipid and glucose metabolism, and changes in the gene expression in adipose and hepatic tissues. The bilberry supplementation was unable to modify the weight gain, but it prevented the increase in the hepatic injury marker ALT and many inflammatory factors like SAA, MCP1, and CXCL14 induced by the high-fat diet. The bilberry supplementation also partially prevented the increase in serum cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levels. In conclusion, the bilberry supplementation alleviated the systemic and hepatic inflammation and retarded the development of unwanted changes in the lipid and glucose metabolism induced by the high-fat diet. Thus, the bilberry supplementation seemed to support to retain a healthier metabolic phenotype during developing obesity, and that effect might have been contributed to by bilberry anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toini Pemmari
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Riitta Ryyti
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Rainer Peltola
- Bioeconomy and Environment, Natural Resources Institute Finland, 96100 Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland
- Correspondence:
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23
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Liu X, Yu Z, Zhou HH, Feng Y, Bu Y, Zhai D, Zhang G, Ding S, Wang E, Mi Y, Wan Z. Effect of flavonoid intake on circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4139-4154. [PMID: 36117321 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to explore the effects of flavonoid intake on adiponectin and leptin levels. The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched on March 1, 2021. Random-effects, subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses were conducted on 40 publications. Flavonoid intake significantly increased circulating adiponectin (0.54 μg/ml, 95% CI [0.20, 0.88], p = .002; I2 = 86.4%) and significantly reduced leptin levels (weighted mean difference: -0.79 ng/ml, 95% CI [-1.33, -0.25], p = .004; I2 = 87.7%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that flavonoid intervention produced a significant elevation in adiponectin levels only in studies that lasted more than 12 weeks, conducted in Asian regions, were parallel-designed, involved obese or overweight participants and participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or cardiovascular diseases, used tea catechins, and used a dietary supplement intervention. A significantly negative effect on leptin levels was observed in studies conducted in Asian countries, with healthy participants and participants with T2DM, used whole food interventions, and involved participants with lower baseline leptin levels. In conclusion, flavonoid intake significantly increased circulating adiponectin and decreased leptin levels; however, study heterogeneity was very high. Future well-designed trials are required to address heterogeneous study designs and clarify the efficacy of plants in regulating adiponectin and leptin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zengli Yu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhou
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Feng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Bu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Desheng Zhai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shibin Ding
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Erhui Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiao Wan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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24
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Nistor M, Pop R, Daescu A, Pintea A, Socaciu C, Rugina D. Anthocyanins as Key Phytochemicals Acting for the Prevention of Metabolic Diseases: An Overview. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134254. [PMID: 35807504 PMCID: PMC9268666 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments present in fruits and vegetables, which render them an extensive range of colors. They have a wide distribution in the human diet, are innocuous, and, based on numerous studies, have supposed preventive and therapeutical benefits against chronic affections such as inflammatory, neurological, cardiovascular, digestive disorders, diabetes, and cancer, mostly due to their antioxidant action. Despite their great potential as pharmaceutical applications, they have a rather limited use because of their rather low stability to environmental variations. Their absorption was noticed to occur best in the stomach and small intestine, but the pH fluctuation of the digestive system impacts their rapid degradation. Urine excretion and tissue distribution also occur at low rates. The aim of this review is to highlight the chemical characteristics of anthocyanins and emphasize their weaknesses regarding bioavailability. It also targets to deliver an update on the recent advances in the involvement of anthocyanins in different pathologies with a focus on in vivo, in vitro, animal, and human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Nistor
- Department of Agricultural Egineering Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Roxana Pop
- Department of Agricultural Egineering Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Adela Daescu
- Department of Agricultural Egineering Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Adela Pintea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Department of Agricultural Egineering Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Dumitrita Rugina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
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25
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Vendrame S, Adekeye TE, Klimis-Zacas D. The Role of Berry Consumption on Blood Pressure Regulation and Hypertension: An Overview of the Clinical Evidence. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132701. [PMID: 35807881 PMCID: PMC9268395 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of a relationship between the consumption of dietary berries and blood pressure reduction in humans has been repeatedly hypothesized and documented by an increasing body of epidemiological and clinical evidence that has accumulated in recent years. However, results are mixed and complicated by a number of potentially confounding factors. The objective of this article is to review and summarize the available clinical evidence examining the effects of berry consumption on blood pressure regulation as well as the prevention or treatment of hypertension in humans, providing an overview of the potential contribution of distinctive berry polyphenols (anthocyanins, condensed tannins and ellagic acid), and results of dietary interventions with blueberries, bilberries, cranberries, raspberries, strawberries, chokeberries, cherries, blackcurrants and açai berries. We conclude that, while there is insufficient evidence supporting the existence of a direct blood pressure lowering effect, there is stronger evidence for specific types of berries acting indirectly to normalize blood pressure in subjects that are already hypertensive.
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26
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Vaneková Z, Rollinger JM. Bilberries: Curative and Miraculous – A Review on Bioactive Constituents and Clinical Research. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909914. [PMID: 35847049 PMCID: PMC9277355 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruits are an important part of local diets in many countries and are used as a medicinal herb to treat various disorders. Extracts from fruits are often a part of eye health-promoting supplements, whereas extracts from leaves are advertised for type 2 diabetes mellitus and glycemic control. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the phytochemical contents of bilberry fruits and leaves and their bioactivities, critically summarizes origins of the health claims and the outcome of clinical trials, with special attention towards those published in the past 10 years. Overall, the three most referenced indications, which are type 2 diabetes mellitus, vision disorders and circulatory diseases, all include contradictory results with no clear conclusion as to the benefits and recommended dosages. Moreover, the indications for vision disorders and diabetes originate from unproven or false claims that have been repeated in research since the 20th century without consistent fact-checking. Beneficial clinical results have been attested for the treatment of dyslipidemia and chronic inflammatory disorders when applied as dietary supplementation of fresh bilberries or as anthocyanin-rich bilberry fruit extracts. However, there is a general lack of double-blinded controlled research with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Vaneková
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Zuzana Vaneková,
| | - Judith M. Rollinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Vazquez Rocha L, Macdonald I, Alssema M, Færch K. The Use and Effectiveness of Selected Alternative Markers for Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion Compared with Gold Standard Markers in Dietary Intervention Studies in Individuals without Diabetes: Results of a Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102036. [PMID: 35631177 PMCID: PMC9143618 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The gold-standard techniques for measuring insulin sensitivity and secretion are well established. However, they may be perceived as invasive and expensive for use in dietary intervention studies. Thus, surrogate markers have been proposed as alternative markers for insulin sensitivity and secretion. This systematic review aimed to identify markers of insulin sensitivity and secretion in response to dietary intervention and assess their suitability as surrogates for the gold-standard methodology. Methods: Three databases, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched, intervention studies and randomised controlled trials reporting data on dietary intake, a gold standard of analysis of insulin sensitivity (either euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp or intravenous glucose tolerance test and secretion (acute insulin response to glucose), as well as surrogate markers for insulin sensitivity (either fasting insulin, area under the curve oral glucose tolerance tests and HOMA-IR) and insulin secretion (disposition index), were selected. Results: We identified thirty-five studies that were eligible for inclusion. We found insufficient evidence to predict insulin sensitivity and secretion with surrogate markers when compared to gold standards in nutritional intervention studies. Conclusions: Future research is needed to investigate if surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity and secretion can be repeatable and reproducible in the same way as gold standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Vazquez Rocha
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Ian Macdonald
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
- Nestle Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marjan Alssema
- Unilever Research and Development, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands;
| | - Kristine Færch
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Higbee J, Solverson P, Zhu M, Carbonero F. The emerging role of dark berry polyphenols in human health and nutrition. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Higbee
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology Washington State University ‐ Spokane, Spokane Washington USA
| | - Patrick Solverson
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology Washington State University ‐ Spokane, Spokane Washington USA
| | - Meijun Zhu
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology Washington State University ‐ Spokane, Spokane Washington USA
| | - Franck Carbonero
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology Washington State University ‐ Spokane, Spokane Washington USA
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29
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Dare AP, Günther CS, Grey AC, Guo G, Demarais NJ, Cordiner S, McGhie TK, Boldingh H, Hunt M, Deng C, Karppinen K, Jaakola L, Espley RV. Resolving the developmental distribution patterns of polyphenols and related primary metabolites in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) fruit. Food Chem 2021; 374:131703. [PMID: 34902814 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is a commercially important wild berry species, which accumulates high amounts of polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins, in the skin and flesh. Whilst a number of studies have quantified these phytochemicals in intact ripe bilberry fruit, we extend the current knowledge by investigating the spatial distribution of anthocyanin-associated polyphenols in fruit tissue, and study their links with primary metabolism during ripening. To address this, we used LC-MS and mass spectrometry imaging to measure and map primary and secondary metabolites in fruit. Correlation analysis showed that five sugars displayed strong positive correlations with anthocyanin accumulation, whereas all amino acids were negatively correlated. The accumulation patterns of polyphenols correlated in fruit skin and flesh, but altered with development. Finally, spatial segmentation analysis revealed that the chemical signatures of ripening first appear at defined regions under the skin and rapidly expand to encompass the entire fruit at the eating-ripe stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, 120 Mt Albert Road, 1025 Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Catrin S Günther
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, 120 Mt Albert Road, 1025 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Angus C Grey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023 New Zealand
| | - George Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023 New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Demarais
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Cordiner
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Batchelar Road, Fitzherbert, 4474 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Tony K McGhie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Batchelar Road, Fitzherbert, 4474 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Helen Boldingh
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Ruakura Campus, Bisley Rd, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - Martin Hunt
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Batchelar Road, Fitzherbert, 4474 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, 120 Mt Albert Road, 1025 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway; NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, 120 Mt Albert Road, 1025 Auckland, New Zealand
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30
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Bøhn SK, Myhrstad MCW, Thoresen M, Erlund I, Vasstrand AK, Marciuch A, Carlsen MH, Bastani NE, Engedal K, Flekkøy KM, Blomhoff R. Bilberry/red grape juice decreases plasma biomarkers of inflammation and tissue damage in aged men with subjective memory impairment -a randomized clinical trial. BMC Nutr 2021; 7:75. [PMID: 34802467 PMCID: PMC8607697 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few randomized clinical trials have explored the health effects of bilberries in humans. The aim was to test the effect of bilberry and red grape-juice consumption on visual memory, motor speed and dexterity as well as inflammatory and tissue damage biomarkers of plasma in aged men with subjective memory impairment. METHODS Nine-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, dietary intervention study of aged men (n = 60, age ≥ 67 years) with subjective memory impairment randomized to consume a 50/50 mix of bilberry/red grape-juice or an iso-caloric placebo juice. A selection of Cambridge Cognition Test Battery (CANTAB), Grooved Pegboard tests and blood-sampling for biomarker analysis were performed before and after the intervention. RESULTS Compared to placebo the selected memory and motor test scores were un-affected by the bilberry/red grape intervention. However, the plasma levels of tissue damage biomarkers decreased significantly more in the bilberry/red grape group. In particular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased from 362 U/L (median, baseline) to 346 U/L (median, post intervention) in the bilberry/red grape group. Also, several biomarkers of inflammation (EGF, IL6, IL9, IL10 and TNFα) decreased significantly more in the bilberry/red grape group. Furthermore, several plasma polyphenols; p-coumaric acid, hippuric acid, protocatechuic acid, 3HPAA and vanillic acid, increased significantly more in the bilberry/red grape group compared to placebo with the largest increase in p-coumaric acid with 116%; from 2.2 [1.0,5.5] to 4.7 [2.8,8.1] μM/L (median [95% CL]). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that a nine-week bilberry/red grape juice intervention has no measurable effects on the selected memory scores in aged men experiencing memory problems but decreases the level of biomarkers of inflammation and tissue damage. Whether the dampening effects on inflammation and tissue damage biomarkers have relevance for neuroinflammatory brain pathology remains to be established. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration number ( ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT00972972 ), September 9, 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siv K Bøhn
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Mari C W Myhrstad
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Thoresen
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Iris Erlund
- Department of Government Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anne Marciuch
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica H Carlsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Engedal
- Department of geriatric medicine, Oslo university hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Rune Blomhoff
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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31
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Geraldi MV, Cazarin CBB, Cristianini M, Vasques AC, Geloneze B, Maróstica Júnior MR. Jabuticaba juice improves postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 and antioxidant status in healthy adults: a randomized crossover trial. Br J Nutr 2021; 128:1-29. [PMID: 34776021 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Jabuticaba is a Brazilian berry rich in polyphenols, which may exert beneficial effects on metabolic diseases. This randomized crossover study aimed to determine the effects of jabuticaba juice (250 ml in a portion) on postprandial response. Sixteen healthy subjects (11 women; 5 men; 28.4 ± 3.8 years old; body mass index (BMI) 21.7 ± 2.3 kg m-2) consumed two test products after fasting overnight in a randomized controlled crossover design. Each test product portion had a similar composition of sugar components: 250 mL water with glucose, fructose, colored with artificial non-caloric food colorings (placebo); and 250 mL of jabuticaba juice. Beverages were administered immediately before a carbohydrate meal. Blood samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after each test product to analyze the concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, antioxidant capacity, plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and appetite sensations. Compared to the placebo, the intake of jabuticaba juice resulted in a higher GLP-1 response as the area under the curve (AUC) and peaking at 60 min. Jabuticaba juice also resulted in higher antioxidant capacity. Postprandial glucose, insulin, C-peptide levels, and appetite sensations were not significantly different between tests. In conclusion, 250 mL of jabuticaba juice before a carbohydrate meal was able to improve the antioxidant status and GLP-1 concentrations in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Geraldi
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato., 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Cínthia B B Cazarin
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato., 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Cristianini
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato., 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Ana C Vasques
- Laboratory of Investigation on Metabolism and Diabetes, Gastrocentro, University of Campinas, Rua Carlos Chagas., 420, Campinas, SP, 13083-878, Brazil
| | - Bruno Geloneze
- Laboratory of Investigation on Metabolism and Diabetes, Gastrocentro, University of Campinas, Rua Carlos Chagas., 420, Campinas, SP, 13083-878, Brazil
| | - Mário R Maróstica Júnior
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato., 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
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32
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Mucha P, Skoczyńska A, Małecka M, Hikisz P, Budzisz E. Overview of the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Selected Plant Compounds and Their Metal Ions Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:4886. [PMID: 34443474 PMCID: PMC8398118 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous plant compounds and their metal-ion complexes exert antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and other beneficial effects. This review highlights the different bioactivities of flavonoids, chromones, and coumarins and their metal-ions complexes due to different structural characteristics. In addition to insight into the most studied antioxidative properties of these compounds, the first part of the review provides a comprehensive overview of exogenous and endogenous sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, oxidative stress-mediated damages of lipids and proteins, and on protective roles of antioxidant defense systems, including plant-derived antioxidants. Additionally, the review covers the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of flavonoids, chromones, coumarins and their metal-ion complexes which support its application in medicine, pharmacy, and cosmetology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Mucha
- Department of the Chemistry of Cosmetic Raw Materials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Łódź, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Skoczyńska
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Małecka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Paweł Hikisz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Elzbieta Budzisz
- Department of the Chemistry of Cosmetic Raw Materials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Łódź, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland
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33
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Wu C, Deng C, Hilario E, Albert NW, Lafferty D, Grierson ERP, Plunkett BJ, Elborough C, Saei A, Günther CS, Ireland H, Yocca A, Edger PP, Jaakola L, Karppinen K, Grande A, Kylli R, Lehtola VP, Allan AC, Espley RV, Chagné D. A chromosome-scale assembly of the bilberry genome identifies a complex locus controlling berry anthocyanin composition. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 22:345-360. [PMID: 34260155 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) belongs to the Vaccinium genus, which includes blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) and cranberry (V. macrocarpon). Unlike its cultivated relatives, bilberry remains largely undomesticated, with berry harvesting almost entirely from the wild. As such, it represents an ideal target for genomic analysis, providing comparisons with the domesticated Vaccinium species. Bilberry is prized for its taste and health properties and has provided essential nutrition for Northern European indigenous populations. It contains high concentrations of phytonutrients, with perhaps the most important being the purple colored anthocyanins, found in both skin and flesh. Here, we present the first bilberry genome assembly, comprising 12 pseudochromosomes assembled using Oxford Nanopore (ONT) and Hi-C Technologies. The pseudochromosomes represent 96.6% complete BUSCO genes with an assessed LAI score of 16.3, showing a high conservation of synteny against the blueberry genome. Kmer analysis showed an unusual third peak, indicating the sequenced samples may have been from two individuals. The alternate alleles were purged so that the final assembly represents only one haplotype. A total of 36,404 genes were annotated after nearly 48% of the assembly was masked to remove repeats. To illustrate the genome quality, we describe the complex MYBA locus, and identify the key regulating MYB genes that determine anthocyanin production. The new bilberry genome builds on the genomic resources and knowledge of Vaccinium species, to help understand the genetics underpinning some of the quality attributes that breeding programs aspire to improve. The high conservation of synteny between bilberry and blueberry genomes means that comparative genome mapping can be applied to transfer knowledge about marker-trait association between these two species, as the loci involved in key characters are orthologous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand.,Genomics Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand.,Genomics Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elena Hilario
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand.,Genomics Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Declan Lafferty
- PFR, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Blue J Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caitlin Elborough
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ali Saei
- BioLumic Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Catrin S Günther
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hilary Ireland
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alan Yocca
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Department of Horticultural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Ritva Kylli
- History, Culture and Communication studies, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Chagné
- Genomics Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand.,PFR, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Baek SJ, Hammock BD, Hwang IK, Li Q, Moustaid-Moussa N, Park Y, Safe S, Suh N, Yi SS, Zeldin DC, Zhong Q, Bradbury JA, Edin ML, Graves JP, Jung HY, Jung YH, Kim MB, Kim W, Lee J, Li H, Moon JS, Yoo ID, Yue Y, Lee JY, Han HJ. Natural Products in the Prevention of Metabolic Diseases: Lessons Learned from the 20th KAST Frontier Scientists Workshop. Nutrients 2021; 13:1881. [PMID: 34072678 PMCID: PMC8227583 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic and chronic diseases including cancer, obesity, inflammation-related diseases sharply increased in the 21st century. Major underlying causes for these diseases are inflammation and oxidative stress. Accordingly, natural products and their bioactive components are obvious therapeutic agents for these diseases, given their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Research in this area has been significantly expanded to include chemical identification of these compounds using advanced analytical techniques, determining their mechanism of action, food fortification and supplement development, and enhancing their bioavailability and bioactivity using nanotechnology. These timely topics were discussed at the 20th Frontier Scientists Workshop sponsored by the Korean Academy of Science and Technology, held at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 23 November 2019. Scientists from South Korea and the U.S. shared their recent research under the overarching theme of Bioactive Compounds, Nanoparticles, and Disease Prevention. This review summarizes presentations at the workshop to provide current knowledge of the role of natural products in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung J. Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - In-Koo Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Qingxiao Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (Y.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Sun-Shin Yi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (S.-S.Y.); (J.-S.M.); (I.-D.Y.)
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Qixin Zhong
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Jennifer Alyce Bradbury
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Matthew L. Edin
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Joan P. Graves
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Hyo-Young Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Young-Hyun Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Woosuk Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaehak Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Hong Li
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Jong-Seok Moon
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (S.-S.Y.); (J.-S.M.); (I.-D.Y.)
| | - Ik-Dong Yoo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (S.-S.Y.); (J.-S.M.); (I.-D.Y.)
| | - Yiren Yue
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (Y.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Ho-Jae Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
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Bergh C, Landberg R, Andersson K, Heyman-Lindén L, Rascón A, Magnuson A, Khalili P, Kåregren A, Nilsson J, Pirazzi C, Erlinge D, Fröbert O. Effects of Bilberry and Oat intake on lipids, inflammation and exercise capacity after Acute Myocardial Infarction (BIOAMI): study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:338. [PMID: 33971938 PMCID: PMC8112057 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bilberries from Sweden, rich in polyphenols, have shown cholesterol-lowering effects in small studies, and the cholesterol-lowering properties of oats, with abundant beta-glucans and potentially bioactive phytochemicals, are well established. Both may provide cardiometabolic benefits following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but large studies of adequate statistical power and appropriate duration are needed to confirm clinically relevant treatment effects. No previous study has evaluated the potential additive or synergistic effects of bilberry combined with oats on cardiometabolic risk factors. Our primary objective is to assess cardioprotective effects of diet supplementation with dried bilberry or with bioprocessed oat bran, with a secondary explorative objective of assessing their combination, compared with a neutral isocaloric reference supplement, initiated within 5 days following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for AMI. Methods The effects of Bilberry and Oat intake on lipids, inflammation and exercise capacity after Acute Myocardial Infarction (BIOAMI) trial is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 900 patients will be randomized post-PCI to one of four dietary intervention arms. After randomization, subjects will receive beverages with bilberry powder (active), beverages with high-fiber bioprocessed oat bran (active), beverages with bilberry and oats combined (active), or reference beverages containing no active bilberry or active oats, for consumption twice daily during a 3-month intervention. The primary endpoint is the difference in LDL cholesterol change between the intervention groups after 3 months. The major secondary endpoint is exercise capacity at 3 months. Other secondary endpoints include plasma concentrations of biochemical markers of inflammation, metabolomics, and gut microbiota composition after 3 months. Discussion Controlling hyperlipidemia and inflammation is critical to preventing new cardiovascular events, but novel pharmacological treatments for these conditions are expensive and associated with negative side effects. If bilberry and/or oat, in addition to standard medical therapy, can lower LDL cholesterol and inflammation more than standard therapy alone, this could be a cost-effective and safe dietary strategy for secondary prevention after AMI. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03620266. Registered on August 8, 2018. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05287-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bergh
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 701 85, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristina Andersson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Glucanova AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Heyman-Lindén
- Molecular Nutrition, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Berry Lab AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana Rascón
- Glucanova AB, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Magnuson
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 701 85, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Payam Khalili
- Department of Cardiology and Acute Internal Medicine, Central Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Amra Kåregren
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Region Västmanland, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Johan Nilsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carlo Pirazzi
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Erlinge
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ole Fröbert
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Abdollahi S, Rahmati-Ahmadabad S, Abdollahi K, Gholami N, Ziyarati A, Nikbin S, Iraji R, Hajiaghaee R, Azarbayjani MA. Phoenix dactylifera pollen does not affect eccentric resistance exercise-induced delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in female athletes. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00723-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Del Bo' C, Bernardi S, Cherubini A, Porrini M, Gargari G, Hidalgo-Liberona N, González-Domínguez R, Zamora-Ros R, Peron G, Marino M, Gigliotti L, Winterbone MS, Kirkup B, Kroon PA, Andres-Lacueva C, Guglielmetti S, Riso P. A polyphenol-rich dietary pattern improves intestinal permeability, evaluated as serum zonulin levels, in older subjects: The MaPLE randomised controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:3006-3018. [PMID: 33388204 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Increased intestinal permeability (IP) can occur in older people and contribute to the activation of the immune system and inflammation. Dietary interventions may represent a potential strategy to reduce IP. In this regard, specific food bioactives such as polyphenols have been proposed as potential IP modulator due to their ability to affect several critical targets and pathways that control IP. The trial aimed to test the hypothesis that a polyphenol-rich dietary pattern can decrease serum zonulin levels, an IP surrogate marker involved in tight junction modulation, and can beneficially alter the intestinal microbiota, and IP-associated biochemical and clinical markers in older subjects. METHODS A randomised, controlled, cross-over intervention trial was performed. Sixty-six subjects (aged ≥ 60 y) with increased IP based on serum zonulin levels, were randomly allocated to one of the two arms of the intervention consisting of a control diet (C-diet) vs. a polyphenol-rich diet (PR-diet). Each intervention was 8-week long and separated by an 8-week wash out period. At the beginning and at the end of each intervention period, serum samples were collected for the quantification of zonulin and other biological markers. Faecal samples were also collected to investigate the intestinal microbial ecosystem. In addition, anthropometrical/physical/biochemical parameters and food intake were evaluated. RESULTS Fifty-one subjects successfully completed the intervention and a high compliance to the dietary protocols was demonstrated. Overall, polyphenol intake significantly increased from a mean of 812 mg/day in the C diet to 1391 mg/day in the PR-diet. Two-way analysis of variance showed a significant effect of treatment (p = 0.008) and treatment × time interaction (p = 0.025) on serum zonulin levels, which decreased after the 8-week PR-diet. In addition, a treatment × time interaction was observed showing a reduction of diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.028) following the PR-diet, which was strongest in those not using antihypertensive drugs. A decrease in both diastolic (p = 0.043) and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.042) was observed in women. Interestingly, a significant increase in fibre-fermenting and butyrate-producing bacteria such as the family Ruminococcaceae and members of the genus Faecalibacterium was observed following the PR intervention. The efficacy of this dietary intervention was greater in subjects with higher serum zonulin at baseline, who showed more pronounced alterations in the markers under study. Furthermore, zonulin reduction was also stronger among subjects with higher body mass index and with insulin resistance at baseline, thus demonstrating the close interplay between IP and metabolic features. CONCLUSIONS These data show, for the first time, that a PR-diet can reduce serum zonulin levels, an indirect marker of IP. In addition, PR-diet reduced blood pressure and increased fibre-fermenting and butyrate-producing bacteria. These findings may represent an initial breakthrough for further intervention studies evaluating possible dietary treatments for the management of IP, inflammation and gut function in different target populations. THIS STUDY WAS REGISTERED AT WWW.ISRCTN. ORG AS ISRCTN10214981.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Del Bo'
- Università, degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Bernardi
- Università, degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatria, Accettazione Geriatrica e Centro di Ricerca per l'Invecchiamento, IRCCS INRCA, 60127 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Università, degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gargari
- Università, degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicole Hidalgo-Liberona
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl González-Domínguez
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain
| | - Gregorio Peron
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mirko Marino
- Università, degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Gigliotti
- Università, degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mark S Winterbone
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Kirkup
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Università, degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Università, degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Giovinazzo G, Gerardi C, Uberti-Foppa C, Lopalco L. Can Natural Polyphenols Help in Reducing Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients? Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245888. [PMID: 33322757 PMCID: PMC7763290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 first emerged in China during late 2019 and rapidly spread all over the world. Alterations in the inflammatory cytokines pathway represent a strong signature during SARS-COV-2 infection and correlate with poor prognosis and severity of the illness. The hyper-activation of the immune system results in an acute severe systemic inflammatory response named cytokine release syndrome (CRS). No effective prophylactic or post-exposure treatments are available, although some anti-inflammatory compounds are currently in clinical trials. Studies of plant extracts and natural compounds show that polyphenols can play a beneficial role in the prevention and the progress of chronic diseases related to inflammation. The aim of this manuscript is to review the published background on the possible effectiveness of polyphenols to fight SARS-COV-2 infection, contributing to the reduction of inflammation. Here, some of the anti-inflammatory therapies are discussed and although great progress has been made though this year, there is no proven cytokine blocking agents for COVID currently used in clinical practice. In this regard, bioactive phytochemicals such as polyphenols may become promising tools to be used as adjuvants in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Such nutrients, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, associated to classical anti-inflammatory drugs, could help in reducing the inflammation in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Giovinazzo
- CNR-ISPA, Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Carmela Gerardi
- CNR-ISPA, Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | | | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (L.L.)
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Inhibitory Effect of Delphinidin on Oxidative Stress Induced by H 2O 2 in HepG2 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4694760. [PMID: 33274001 PMCID: PMC7700032 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4694760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases (CLDs) are correlated with oxidative stress induced by the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we employed HepG2, a human liver carcinoma cell line containing many antioxidant enzymes, to explore the function of delphinidin against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and to provide scientific data of the molecular mechanism. Cells were pretreated with different concentrations of delphinidin (10 μmol/L, 20 μmol/L, and 40 μmol/L) for 2 h before treatment with 750 μM H2O2 for 1 h. The results showed that H2O2 decreased the survival rate of HepG2 cells and increased the level of ROS, but delphinidin pretreatment could possess the opposite result. At the same time, the expression of Nrf2 was enhanced by the delphinidin pretreatment. This was because delphinidin promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation and inhibited its degradation, which led to the increase expression of antioxidant protein HO-1 (Nrf2-related phase II enzyme heme oxygenase-1). Besides, we found that delphinidin could significantly alleviate the reduction of Nrf2 protein levels and the accumulation of intracellular ROS levels in Nrf2 knockdown HepG2 cells. In conclusion, our study suggested that delphinidin, as an effective antioxidant, protected HepG2 cells from oxidative stress by regulating the expression of Nrf2/HO-1.
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Blackcurrant ( Ribes nigrum) lowers sugar-induced postprandial glycaemia independently and in a product with fermented quinoa: a randomised crossover trial. Br J Nutr 2020; 126:708-717. [PMID: 33161904 PMCID: PMC8340457 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520004468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Berries rich in anthocyanins have beneficial effects on postprandial glycaemia. We investigated whether blackcurrant (75 g in a portion) independently and in a product with fermented quinoa induced similar effects on the sugar-induced postprandial glucose metabolism as observed before with 150 g of blackcurrant. Twenty-six healthy subjects (twenty-two females and four males) consumed four test products after fasting overnight in a randomised, controlled crossover design. Each test product portion contained 31 g of available carbohydrates and had similar composition of sugar components: 300 ml water with sucrose, glucose and fructose (SW; reference), blackcurrant purée with added sugars (BC), a product consisting of the blackcurrant purée and a product base with fermented quinoa (BCP) and the product base without blackcurrant (PB). Blood samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min after eating each test product to analyse the concentrations of glucose, insulin and NEFA. In comparison with the SW, the intake of both the BC and BCP resulted in reduced glucose and insulin concentrations during the first 30 min, a more balanced decline during the first hour and improved glycaemic profile. The BCP induced more efficient effects than the BC due to the product base with fermented quinoa. A rebound of NEFA after the sugar-induced hypoglycaemic response was attenuated at the late postprandial phase by the BC and BCP. In conclusion, we showed that 75 g of blackcurrant and the product with fermented quinoa were able to lower postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia.
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Bryl‐Górecka P, Sathanoori R, Arevström L, Landberg R, Bergh C, Evander M, Olde B, Laurell T, Fröbert O, Erlinge D. Bilberry Supplementation after Myocardial Infarction Decreases Microvesicles in Blood and Affects Endothelial Vesiculation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000108. [PMID: 32846041 PMCID: PMC7685140 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Diet rich in bilberries is considered cardioprotective, but the mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Cardiovascular disease is characterized by increased proatherogenic status and high levels of circulating microvesicles (MVs). In an open-label study patients with myocardial infarction receive an 8 week dietary supplementation with bilberry extract (BE). The effect of BE on patient MV levels and its influence on endothelial vesiculation in vitro is investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS MVs are captured with acoustic trapping and platelet-derived MVs (PMVs), as well as endothelial-derived MVs (EMVs) are quantified with flow cytometry. The in vitro effect of BE on endothelial extracellular vesicle (EV) release is examined using endothelial cells and calcein staining. The mechanisms of BE influence on vesiculation pathways are studied by Western blot and qRT-PCR. Supplementation with BE decreased both PMVs and EMVs. Furthermore, BE reduced endothelial EV release, Akt phosphorylation, and vesiculation-related gene transcription. It also protects the cells from P2X7 -induced EV release and increase in vesiculation-related gene expression. CONCLUSION BE supplementation improves the MV profile in patient blood and reduces endothelial vesiculation through several molecular mechanisms related to the P2X7 receptor. The findings provide new insight into the cardioprotective effects of bilberries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramasri Sathanoori
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical SciencesLund University221 00LundSweden
| | - Lilith Arevström
- Faculty of Health, Department of CardiologyÖrebro University702 81ÖrebroSweden
| | | | - Cecilia Bergh
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical SciencesÖrebro University702 81ÖrebroSweden
| | - Mikael Evander
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringLund University221 00LundSweden
| | - Björn Olde
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical SciencesLund University221 00LundSweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringLund University221 00LundSweden
| | - Ole Fröbert
- Faculty of Health, Department of CardiologyÖrebro University702 81ÖrebroSweden
| | - David Erlinge
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical SciencesLund University221 00LundSweden
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Analysis of the intricate effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols on inflammatory pathways in health and disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111558. [PMID: 32640331 PMCID: PMC7335494 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, arthritis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and various infectious diseases; lately most notably COVID-19 have been in the front line of research worldwide. Although targeting different organs, these pathologies have common biochemical impairments - redox disparity and, prominently, dysregulation of the inflammatory pathways. Research data have shown that diet components like polyphenols, poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fibres as well as lifestyle (fasting, physical exercise) are important factors influencing signalling pathways with a significant potential to improve metabolic homeostasis and immune cells' functions. In the present manuscript we have reviewed scientific data from recent publications regarding the beneficial cellular and molecular effects induced by dietary plant products, mainly polyphenolic compounds and PUFAs, and summarize the clinical outcomes expected from these types of interventions, in a search for effective long-term approaches to improve the immune system response.
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Hameed A, Galli M, Adamska-Patruno E, Krętowski A, Ciborowski M. Select Polyphenol-Rich Berry Consumption to Defer or Deter Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2538. [PMID: 32825710 PMCID: PMC7551116 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries are considered "promising functional fruits" due to their distinct and ubiquitous therapeutic contents of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, flavanols, alkaloids, polysaccharides, hydroxycinnamic, ellagic acid derivatives, and organic acids. These polyphenols are part of berries and the human diet, and evidence suggests that their intake is associated with a reduced risk or the reversal of metabolic pathophysiologies related to diabetes, obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypertension. This work reviewed and summarized both clinical and non-clinical findings that the consumption of berries, berry extracts, purified compounds, juices, jams, jellies, and other berry byproducts aided in the prevention and or otherwise management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related complications. The integration of berries and berries-derived byproducts into high-carbohydrate (HCD) and high-fat (HFD) diets, also reversed/reduced the HCD/HFD-induced alterations in glucose metabolism-related pathways, and markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid oxidation in healthy/obese/diabetic subjects. The berry polyphenols also modulate the intestinal microflora ecology by opposing the diabetic and obesity rendered symbolic reduction of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction-restoring bacteria, short-chain fatty acids, and organic acid producing microflora. All studies proposed a number of potential mechanisms of action of respective berry bioactive compounds, although further mechanistic and molecular studies are warranted. The metabolic profiling of each berry is also included to provide up-to-date information regarding the potential anti-oxidative/antidiabetic constituents of each berry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Hameed
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (A.H.); (E.A.-P.); (A.K.)
| | - Mauro Galli
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (A.H.); (E.A.-P.); (A.K.)
| | - Adam Krętowski
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (A.H.); (E.A.-P.); (A.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (A.H.); (E.A.-P.); (A.K.)
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Mattioli R, Francioso A, Mosca L, Silva P. Anthocyanins: A Comprehensive Review of Their Chemical Properties and Health Effects on Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:E3809. [PMID: 32825684 PMCID: PMC7504512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a class of water-soluble flavonoids widely present in fruits and vegetables. Dietary sources of anthocyanins include red and purple berries, grapes, apples, plums, cabbage, or foods containing high levels of natural colorants. Cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin, petunidin, and pelargonidin are the six common anthocyanidins. Following consumption, anthocyanin, absorption occurs along the gastrointestinal tract, the distal lower bowel being the place where most of the absorption and metabolism occurs. In the intestine, anthocyanins first undergo extensive microbial catabolism followed by absorption and human phase II metabolism. This produces hybrid microbial-human metabolites which are absorbed and subsequently increase the bioavailability of anthocyanins. Health benefits of anthocyanins have been widely described, especially in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that health-promoting effects attributed to anthocyanins may also be related to modulation of gut microbiota. In this paper we attempt to provide a comprehensive view of the state-of-the-art literature on anthocyanins, summarizing recent findings on their chemistry, biosynthesis, nutritional value and on their effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mattioli
- Department of Sciences, RomaTre University, v.le G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Francioso
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paula Silva
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n°228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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45
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Poulsen NB, Lambert MNT, Jeppesen PB. The Effect of Plant Derived Bioactive Compounds on Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000473. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Bech Poulsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus University Palle Juul‐Jensens Boulevard 165 Aarhus N 8200 Denmark
| | - Max Norman Tandrup Lambert
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus University Palle Juul‐Jensens Boulevard 165 Aarhus N 8200 Denmark
| | - Per Bendix Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus University Palle Juul‐Jensens Boulevard 165 Aarhus N 8200 Denmark
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A Re-Appraisal of Pathogenic Mechanisms Bridging Wet and Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Leads to Reconsider a Role for Phytochemicals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155563. [PMID: 32756487 PMCID: PMC7432893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Which pathogenic mechanisms underlie age-related macular degeneration (AMD)? Are they different for dry and wet variants, or do they stem from common metabolic alterations? Where shall we look for altered metabolism? Is it the inner choroid, or is it rather the choroid–retinal border? Again, since cell-clearing pathways are crucial to degrade altered proteins, which metabolic system is likely to be the most implicated, and in which cell type? Here we describe the unique clearing activity of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the relevant role of its autophagy machinery in removing altered debris, thus centering the RPE in the pathogenesis of AMD. The cell-clearing systems within the RPE may act as a kernel to regulate the redox homeostasis and the traffic of multiple proteins and organelles toward either the choroid border or the outer segments of photoreceptors. This is expected to cope with the polarity of various domains within RPE cells, with each one owning a specific metabolic activity. A defective clearance machinery may trigger unconventional solutions to avoid intracellular substrates’ accumulation through unconventional secretions. These components may be deposited between the RPE and Bruch’s membrane, thus generating the drusen, which remains the classic hallmark of AMD. These deposits may rather represent a witness of an abnormal RPE metabolism than a real pathogenic component. The empowerment of cell clearance, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activity of the RPE by specific phytochemicals is here discussed.
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Beneficial effects of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) supplementation on metabolic and inflammatory adverse effects induced by high-fat diet in a mouse model of obesity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232605. [PMID: 32379797 PMCID: PMC7205235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a constantly increasing health problem worldwide. It is associated with a systemic low-grade inflammation, which contributes to the development of metabolic disorders and comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes. Diet has an important role in the prevention of obesity and its adverse health effects; as a part of healthy diet, polyphenol-rich berries, such as lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) have been proposed to have health-promoting effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of lingonberry supplementation on high-fat diet induced metabolic and inflammatory changes in a mouse model of obesity. Thirty male C57BL/6N mice were divided into three groups (n = 10/group) to receive low-fat (LF), high-fat (HF) and lingonberry-supplemented high-fat (HF+LGB) diet for six weeks. Low-fat and high-fat diet contained 10% and 46% of energy from fat, respectively. Lingonberry supplementation prevented the high-fat diet induced adverse changes in blood cholesterol and glucose levels and had a moderate effect on the weight and visceral fat gain, which were 26% and 25% lower, respectively, in the lingonberry group than in the high-fat diet control group. Interestingly, lingonberry supplementation also restrained the high-fat diet induced increases in the circulating levels of the proinflammatory adipocytokine leptin (by 36%) and the inflammatory acute phase reactant serum amyloid A (SAA; by 85%). Similar beneficial effects were discovered in the hepatic expression of the inflammatory factors CXCL-14, S100A10 and SAA by lingonberry supplementation. In conclusion, the present results indicate that lingonberry supplementation significantly prevents high-fat diet induced metabolic and inflammatory changes in a murine model of obesity. The results encourage evaluation of lingonberries as a part of healthy diet against obesity and its comorbidities.
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Zhang H, Xu Z, Zhao H, Wang X, Pang J, Li Q, Yang Y, Ling W. Anthocyanin supplementation improves anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacity in a dose-response manner in subjects with dyslipidemia. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101474. [PMID: 32179241 PMCID: PMC7078384 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins, one of the major plant bioactive substances, possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacity. However, their dose-response relationship has remained unclear. The present study investigated the dose-response relationship of anthocyanins with oxidative stress and inflammation in subjects with dyslipidemia. DESIGN and Participants: A total of 169 participants with dyslipidemia were randomly assigned to placebo (n = 43), anthocyanins 40 mg/day (n = 44), 80 mg/day (n = 40), or 320 mg/day (n = 42) groups. Urine 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and serum malonaldehyde (MDA), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), UA (uric acid), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at baseline, at 6 weeks, and at 12 weeks. RESULTS Anthocyanin supplementation (320 mg/day) for 6 weeks significantly improved T-SOD versus baseline (P < 0.05). A slight reduction in serum IL-6, TNF-α, and urine 8-iso-PGF2α from the baseline was observed at 12 weeks in the group receiving 40 mg/day anthocyanins. Anthocyanins (80 mg/day) significantly reduced serum IL-6 (-20%), TNF-α (-11%) and urine 8-iso-PGF2α (-27%) versus baseline (P < 0.05). Moreover, 320 mg/day anthocyanin supplementation reduced serum IL-6 (-40%), TNF-α (-21%), MDA (-20%) and urine 8-iso-PGF2α (-37%) and 8-OHdG (-36%) than 80 mg/day and 40 mg/day anthocyanins, P value < 0.05. Anthocyanin supplementation has dose-response relationships with decreased inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and oxidative stress biomarkers 8-iso-PGF2α, 8-OHdG and MDA (P for trend, <0.05). Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was observed between the changes in the urine 8-iso-PGF2α , 8-OHdG levels and serum IL-6 levels in subjects from anthocyanin groups after 12 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of anthocyanins for 12 weeks positively improved the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacity in a dose-response manner in individuals with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Zhongliang Xu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Huiwen Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Juan Pang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Callcott ET, Blanchard CL, Snell P, Santhakumar AB. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of pigmented rice consumption in an obese cohort. Food Funct 2020; 10:8016-8025. [PMID: 31750484 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02261a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of lifestyle diseases in the obese has been attributed to higher levels of inflammation and free radical mediated oxidative stress. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols in pigmented rice varieties could have potential to neutralize oxidative stress and modulate inflammatory responses in the obese. A cross-over dietary intervention human clinical trial was conducted with three pigmented rice varieties chosen from previous chemical and in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory screening. Obese (n = 22, BMI > 30) sedentary participants consumed one cup of pigmented rice (Reiziq (brown), Purple (purple) and Yunlu29 (red)). Blood samples were collected prior consumption (baseline) and at set time points of 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours post rice consumption. The collected blood samples were analysed for antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers. Total antioxidant activity increased (p < 0.001) at the 1 hour time point by 40.3% post purple rice consumption. The red rice variety, Yunlu29 increased antioxidant activity at the 30 minute (p < 0.001) and 1 hour (p < 0.01) time point by 29.5% and 21.2% respectively. Lipid peroxidation biomarker, malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased (p < 0.05) at the 30 minute time point by 6.8% post purple rice consumption. At the 4 hour time point MDA levels was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) by the red rice variety Yunlu29, by 9.6%. Pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10), was significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced by 3.1% 30 minutes post purple rice consumption. In contrast, Yunlu29 (red) reduced interleukin-6 levels by 13.6% and 11.0% at the 30 minute and 1 hour time points respectively. Both the purple (p < 0.01) and red (p < 0.001) varieties significantly reduced interleukin-12p70 concentrations at 30 minutes by 8.7% and 10.3% respectively. Reiziq (brown) did not affect any of the biomarkers analysed in this study. The outcomes of this study highlight that polyphenols found in pigmented rice may play a key role in targeting specific therapeutic pathways in obesity-related oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther T Callcott
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2650, Australia
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Chan SW, Tomlinson B. Effects of Bilberry Supplementation on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Molecules 2020; 25:E1653. [PMID: 32260262 PMCID: PMC7180827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interrelated conditions that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Oxidative stress may impair normal physiological functions, leading to various illnesses. T2DM is considered to be associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia, which may play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular complications, cancer and vision loss through cataracts and retinopathy. While conventional therapies are a cornerstone for the management of the major risk factors of metabolic syndrome, increasing antioxidant defense by increasing intake of antioxidant-rich foods may improve long term prospects in CVD, obesity and T2DM. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is one of the richest natural sources of anthocyanins which give berries their red/purple/blue coloration. Anthocyanins are powerful antioxidants and are reported to play an important role in the prevention of metabolic disease and CVD as well as cancer and other conditions. This review focuses on the potential effects of bilberry supplementation on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. Although there is evidence to support the use of bilberry supplementation as part of a healthy diet, the potential benefits from the use of bilberry supplementation in patients with T2DM or CVD needs to be clarified in large clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Wa Chan
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau 853, China
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