1
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Wang Z, Luo G, Li Y, Cao P. Using a deep learning prior for accelerating hyperpolarized 13 C MRSI on synthetic cancer datasets. Magn Reson Med 2024. [PMID: 38440832 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to incorporate a deep learning prior with k-space data fidelity for accelerating hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRSI, demonstrated on synthetic cancer datasets. METHODS A two-site exchange model, derived from the Bloch equation of MR signal evolution, was firstly used in simulating training and testing data, that is, synthetic phantom datasets. Five singular maps generated from each simulated dataset were used to train a deep learning prior, which was then employed with the fidelity term to reconstruct the undersampled MRI k-space data. The proposed method was assessed on synthetic human brain tumor images (N = 33), prostate cancer images (N = 72), and mouse tumor images (N = 58) for three undersampling factors and 2.5% additive Gaussian noise. Furthermore, varied levels of Gaussian noise with SDs of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% were added on synthetic prostate cancer data, and corresponding reconstruction results were evaluated. RESULTS For quantitative evaluation, peak SNRs were approximately 32 dB, and the accuracy was generally improved for 5 to 8 dB compared with those from compressed sensing with L1-norm regularization or total variation regularization. Reasonable normalized RMS error were obtained. Our method also worked robustly against noise, even on a data with noise SD of 10%. CONCLUSION The proposed singular value decomposition + iterative deep learning model could be considered as a general framework that extended the application of deep learning MRI reconstruction to metabolic imaging. The morphology of tumors and metabolic images could be measured robustly in six times acceleration using our method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuojun Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanxiong Luo
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ye Li
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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2
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Schmidt AB, Adelabu I, Nelson C, Nantogma S, Kiselev VG, Zaitsev M, Abdurraheem A, de Maissin H, Rosen MS, Lehmkuhl S, Appelt S, Theis T, Chekmenev EY. 13C Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Threshold Sensing of Chemical Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11121-11129. [PMID: 37172079 PMCID: PMC10257364 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) enables detection of chemicals and their transformations by exciting nuclear spin ensembles with a radio-frequency pulse followed by detection of the precessing spins at their characteristic frequencies. The detected frequencies report on chemical reactions in real time and the signal amplitudes scale with concentrations of products and reactants. Here, we employ Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (RASER), a quantum phenomenon producing coherent emission of 13C signals, to detect chemical transformations. The 13C signals are emitted by the negatively hyperpolarized biomolecules without external radio frequency pulses and without any background signal from other, nonhyperpolarized spins in the ensemble. Here, we studied the hydrolysis of hyperpolarized ethyl-[1-13C]acetate to hyperpolarized [1-13C]acetate, which was analyzed as a model system by conventional NMR and 13C RASER. The chemical transformation of 13C RASER-active species leads to complete and abrupt disappearance of reactant signals and delayed, abrupt reappearance of a frequency-shifted RASER signal without destroying 13C polarization. The experimentally observed "quantum" RASER threshold is supported by simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Isaiah Adelabu
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Christopher Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Shiraz Nantogma
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Valerij G. Kiselev
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Maxim Zaitsev
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Abubakar Abdurraheem
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Henri de Maissin
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Matthew S. Rosen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA 02129, United States
- Department of Physics, Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan Appelt
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University; 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics – Electronic Systems (ZEA-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Joint UNC & NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Sun P, Wu Z, Lin L, Hu G, Zhang X, Wang J. MR-Nucleomics: The study of pathological cellular processes with multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging in vivo. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4845. [PMID: 36259659 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Clinical medicine has experienced a rapid development in recent decades, during which therapies targeting specific cellular signaling pathways, or specific cell surface receptors, have been increasingly adopted. While these developments in clinical medicine call for improved precision in diagnosis and treatment monitoring, modern medical imaging methods are restricted mainly to anatomical imaging, lagging behind the requirements of precision medicine. Although positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography have been used clinically for studies of metabolism, their applications have been limited by the exposure risk to ionizing radiation, the subsequent limitation in repeated and longitudinal studies, and the incapability in assessing downstream metabolism. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) or spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) are, in theory, capable of assessing molecular activities in vivo, although they are often limited by sensitivity. Here, we review some recent developments in MRS and MRSI of multiple nuclei that have potential as molecular imaging tools in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Clinical & Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Clinical & Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, China
| | - Liangjie Lin
- Clinical & Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, China
| | - Geli Hu
- Clinical & Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, China
| | | | - Jiazheng Wang
- Clinical & Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, China
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4
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Eills J, Budker D, Cavagnero S, Chekmenev EY, Elliott SJ, Jannin S, Lesage A, Matysik J, Meersmann T, Prisner T, Reimer JA, Yang H, Koptyug IV. Spin Hyperpolarization in Modern Magnetic Resonance. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1417-1551. [PMID: 36701528 PMCID: PMC9951229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance techniques are successfully utilized in a broad range of scientific disciplines and in various practical applications, with medical magnetic resonance imaging being the most widely known example. Currently, both fundamental and applied magnetic resonance are enjoying a major boost owing to the rapidly developing field of spin hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization techniques are able to enhance signal intensities in magnetic resonance by several orders of magnitude, and thus to largely overcome its major disadvantage of relatively low sensitivity. This provides new impetus for existing applications of magnetic resonance and opens the gates to exciting new possibilities. In this review, we provide a unified picture of the many methods and techniques that fall under the umbrella term "hyperpolarization" but are currently seldom perceived as integral parts of the same field. Specifically, before delving into the individual techniques, we provide a detailed analysis of the underlying principles of spin hyperpolarization. We attempt to uncover and classify the origins of hyperpolarization, to establish its sources and the specific mechanisms that enable the flow of polarization from a source to the target spins. We then give a more detailed analysis of individual hyperpolarization techniques: the mechanisms by which they work, fundamental and technical requirements, characteristic applications, unresolved issues, and possible future directions. We are seeing a continuous growth of activity in the field of spin hyperpolarization, and we expect the field to flourish as new and improved hyperpolarization techniques are implemented. Some key areas for development are in prolonging polarization lifetimes, making hyperpolarization techniques more generally applicable to chemical/biological systems, reducing the technical and equipment requirements, and creating more efficient excitation and detection schemes. We hope this review will facilitate the sharing of knowledge between subfields within the broad topic of hyperpolarization, to help overcome existing challenges in magnetic resonance and enable novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, 08028Barcelona, Spain,
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes
Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128Mainz, Germany,Helmholtz-Institut,
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128Mainz, Germany,Department
of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Silvia Cavagnero
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department
of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (IBio), Karmanos Cancer Institute
(KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan48202, United States,Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow119991, Russia
| | - Stuart J. Elliott
- Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College
London, LondonW12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Jannin
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität
Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Meersmann
- Sir
Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University Park, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Prisner
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic
Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, , 60438Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Jeffrey A. Reimer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Hanming Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, Siberian
Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 630090Novosibirsk, Russia,
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5
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Stewart NJ, Sato T, Takeda N, Hirata H, Matsumoto S. Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Tool for Imaging Tissue Redox State, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cellular Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:81-94. [PMID: 34218688 PMCID: PMC8792501 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with hyperpolarized (HP) 13C-labeled redox-sensitive metabolic tracers can provide noninvasive functional imaging biomarkers, reflecting tissue redox state, oxidative stress, and inflammation, among others. The capability to use endogenous metabolites as 13C-enriched imaging tracers without structural modification makes HP 13C MRI a promising tool to evaluate redox state in patients with various diseases. Recent Advances: Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo metabolic imaging of 13C-labeled tracers polarized by parahydrogen-induced polarization techniques, which offer a cost-effective alternative to the more widely used dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization-based hyperpolarizers. Critical Issues: Although the fluxes of many metabolic pathways reflect the change in tissue redox state, they are not functionally specific. In the present review, we summarize recent challenges in the development of specific 13C metabolic tracers for biomarkers of redox state, including that for detecting reactive oxygen species. Future Directions: Applications of HP 13C metabolic MRI to evaluate redox state have only just begun to be investigated. The possibility to gain a comprehensive understanding of the correlations between tissue redox potential and metabolism under different pathological conditions by using HP 13C MRI is promoting its interest in the clinical arena, along with its noninvasive biomarkers to evaluate the extent of disease and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Stewart
- Division of Bioengineering & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,POLARIS, Imaging Sciences, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tatsuyuki Sato
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Division of Bioengineering & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Division of Bioengineering & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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6
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Li Y, Vigneron DB, Xu D. Current human brain applications and challenges of dynamic hyperpolarized carbon-13 labeled pyruvate MR metabolic imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:4225-4235. [PMID: 34432118 PMCID: PMC8566394 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability of hyperpolarized carbon-13 MR metabolic imaging to acquire dynamic metabolic information in real time is crucial to gain mechanistic insights into metabolic pathways, which are complementary to anatomic and other functional imaging methods. This review presents the advantages of this emerging functional imaging technology, describes considerations in clinical translations, and summarizes current human brain applications. Despite rapid development in methodologies, significant technological and physiological related challenges continue to impede broader clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF Radiology, University of California, 185 Berry Street, Ste 350, Box 0946, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA.
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF Radiology, University of California, 185 Berry Street, Ste 350, Box 0946, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF Radiology, University of California, 185 Berry Street, Ste 350, Box 0946, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
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7
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Lee PM, Chen HY, Gordon JW, Zhu Z, Larson PEZ, Dwork N, Van Criekinge M, Carvajal L, Ohliger MA, Wang ZJ, Xu D, Kurhanewicz J, Bok RA, Aggarwal R, Munster PN, Vigneron DB. Specialized computational methods for denoising, B 1 correction, and kinetic modeling in hyperpolarized 13 C MR EPSI studies of liver tumors. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:2402-2411. [PMID: 34216051 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a novel post-processing pipeline for hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C MRSI that integrates tensor denoising and B 1 + correction to measure pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rates (kPL ) in patients with liver tumors. METHODS Seven HP 13 C MR scans of progressing liver tumors were acquired using a custom 13 C surface transmit/receive coil and the echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) data analysis included B0 correction, tensor rank truncation, and zero- and first-order phase corrections to recover metabolite signals that would otherwise be obscured by spectral noise as well as a correction for inhomogeneous transmit ( B 1 + ) using a B 1 + map aligned to the coil position for each patient scan. Processed HP data and corrected flip angles were analyzed with an inputless two-site exchange model to calculate kPL . RESULTS Denoising averages SNR increases of pyruvate, lactate, and alanine were 37.4-, 34.0-, and 20.1-fold, respectively, with lactate and alanine dynamics most noticeably recovered and better defined. In agreement with Monte Carlo simulations, over-flipped regions underestimated kPL and under-flipped regions overestimated kPL . B 1 + correction addressed this issue. CONCLUSION The new HP 13 C EPSI post-processing pipeline integrated tensor denoising and B 1 + correction to measure kPL in patients with liver tumors. These technical developments not only recovered metabolite signals in voxels that did not receive the prescribed flip angle, but also increased the extent and accuracy of kPL estimations throughout the tumor and adjacent regions including normal-appearing tissue and additional lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Lee
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zihan Zhu
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Dwork
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark Van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael A Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhen J Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Duan Xu
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert A Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pamela N Munster
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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8
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Non-Invasive Differentiation of M1 and M2 Activation in Macrophages Using Hyperpolarized 13C MRS of Pyruvate and DHA at 1.47 Tesla. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070410. [PMID: 34206326 PMCID: PMC8305442 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation, first generalized to the M1/M2 dichotomy, is a complex and central process of the innate immune response. Simply, M1 describes the classical proinflammatory activation, leading to tissue damage, and M2 the alternative activation promoting tissue repair. Given the central role of macrophages in multiple diseases, the ability to noninvasively differentiate between M1 and M2 activation states would be highly valuable for monitoring disease progression and therapeutic responses. Since M1/M2 activation patterns are associated with differential metabolic reprogramming, we hypothesized that hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HP 13C MRS), an innovative metabolic imaging approach, could distinguish between macrophage activation states noninvasively. The metabolic conversions of HP [1-13C]pyruvate to HP [1-13C]lactate, and HP [1-13C]dehydroascorbic acid to HP [1-13C]ascorbic acid were monitored in live M1 and M2 activated J774a.1 macrophages noninvasively by HP 13C MRS on a 1.47 Tesla NMR system. Our results show that both metabolic conversions were significantly increased in M1 macrophages compared to M2 and nonactivated cells. Biochemical assays and high resolution 1H MRS were also performed to investigate the underlying changes in enzymatic activities and metabolite levels linked to M1/M2 activation. Altogether, our results demonstrate the potential of HP 13C MRS for monitoring macrophage activation states noninvasively.
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9
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Bogner W, Otazo R, Henning A. Accelerated MR spectroscopic imaging-a review of current and emerging techniques. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4314. [PMID: 32399974 PMCID: PMC8244067 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Over more than 30 years in vivo MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has undergone an enormous evolution from theoretical concepts in the early 1980s to the robust imaging technique that it is today. The development of both fast and efficient sampling and reconstruction techniques has played a fundamental role in this process. State-of-the-art MRSI has grown from a slow purely phase-encoded acquisition technique to a method that today combines the benefits of different acceleration techniques. These include shortening of repetition times, spatial-spectral encoding, undersampling of k-space and time domain, and use of spatial-spectral prior knowledge in the reconstruction. In this way in vivo MRSI has considerably advanced in terms of spatial coverage, spatial resolution, acquisition speed, artifact suppression, number of detectable metabolites and quantification precision. Acceleration not only has been the enabling factor in high-resolution whole-brain 1 H-MRSI, but today is also common in non-proton MRSI (31 P, 2 H and 13 C) and applied in many different organs. In this process, MRSI techniques had to constantly adapt, but have also benefitted from the significant increase of magnetic field strength boosting the signal-to-noise ratio along with high gradient fidelity and high-density receive arrays. In combination with recent trends in image reconstruction and much improved computation power, these advances led to a number of novel developments with respect to MRSI acceleration. Today MRSI allows for non-invasive and non-ionizing mapping of the spatial distribution of various metabolites' tissue concentrations in animals or humans, is applied for clinical diagnostics and has been established as an important tool for neuro-scientific and metabolism research. This review highlights the developments of the last five years and puts them into the context of earlier MRSI acceleration techniques. In addition to 1 H-MRSI it also includes other relevant nuclei and is not limited to certain body regions or specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Bogner
- High‐Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ricardo Otazo
- Department of Medical PhysicsMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, New YorkUSA
| | - Anke Henning
- Max Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTübingenGermany
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
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10
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Maudsley AA, Andronesi OC, Barker PB, Bizzi A, Bogner W, Henning A, Nelson SJ, Posse S, Shungu DC, Soher BJ. Advanced magnetic resonance spectroscopic neuroimaging: Experts' consensus recommendations. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4309. [PMID: 32350978 PMCID: PMC7606742 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) offers considerable promise for monitoring metabolic alterations associated with disease or injury; however, to date, these methods have not had a significant impact on clinical care, and their use remains largely confined to the research community and a limited number of clinical sites. The MRSI methods currently implemented on clinical MRI instruments have remained essentially unchanged for two decades, with only incremental improvements in sequence implementation. During this time, a number of technological developments have taken place that have already greatly benefited the quality of MRSI measurements within the research community and which promise to bring advanced MRSI studies to the point where the technique becomes a true imaging modality, while making the traditional review of individual spectra a secondary requirement. Furthermore, the increasing use of biomedical MR spectroscopy studies has indicated clinical areas where advanced MRSI methods can provide valuable information for clinical care. In light of this rapidly changing technological environment and growing understanding of the value of MRSI studies for biomedical studies, this article presents a consensus from a group of experts in the field that reviews the state-of-the-art for clinical proton MRSI studies of the human brain, recommends minimal standards for further development of vendor-provided MRSI implementations, and identifies areas which need further technical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Maudsley
- Department of Radiology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ovidiu C Andronesi
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter B Barker
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Kennedy Krieger Institute, F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alberto Bizzi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anke Henning
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Stefan Posse
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Dikoma C Shungu
- Department of Neuroradiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Brian J Soher
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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11
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Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH. Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance With Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization: Principles and Applications. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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12
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Autry AW, Park I, Kline C, Chen HY, Gordon JW, Raber S, Hoffman C, Kim Y, Okamoto K, Vigneron DB, Lupo JM, Prados M, Li Y, Xu D, Mueller S. Pilot Study of Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Imaging in Pediatric Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma and Other CNS Cancers. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 42:178-184. [PMID: 33272950 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pediatric CNS tumors commonly present challenges for radiographic interpretation on conventional MR imaging. This study sought to investigate the safety and tolerability of hyperpolarized carbon-13 (HP-13C) metabolic imaging in pediatric patients with brain tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pediatric patients 3 to 18 years of age who were previously diagnosed with a brain tumor and could undergo MR imaging without sedation were eligible to enroll in this safety study of HP [1-13C]pyruvate. Participants received a one-time injection of HP [1-13C]pyruvate and were imaged using dynamic HP-13C MR imaging. We assessed 2 dose levels: 0.34 mL/kg and the highest tolerated adult dose of 0.43 mL/kg. Participants were monitored throughout imaging and for 60 minutes postinjection, including pre- and postinjection electrocardiograms and vital sign measurements. RESULTS Between February 2017 and July 2019, ten participants (9 males; median age, 14 years; range, 10-17 years) were enrolled, of whom 6 completed injection of HP [1-13C]pyruvate and dynamic HP-13C MR imaging. Four participants failed to undergo HP-13C MR imaging due to technical failures related to generating HP [1-13C]pyruvate or MR imaging operability. HP [1-13C]pyruvate was well-tolerated in all participants who completed the study, with no dose-limiting toxicities or adverse events observed at either 0.34 (n = 3) or 0.43 (n = 3) mL/kg. HP [1-13C]pyruvate demonstrated characteristic conversion to [1-13C]lactate and [13C]bicarbonate in the brain. Due to poor accrual, the study was closed after only 3 participants were enrolled at the highest dose level. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic HP-13C MR imaging was safely performed in 6 pediatric patients with CNS tumors and demonstrated HP [1-13C]pyruvate brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Autry
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.W.A., H.-Y.C., J.W.G., Y.K., K.O., D.B.V., J.M.L., Y.L., D.X.)
| | - I Park
- Department of Radiology (I.P.), Chonnam National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - C Kline
- Division of Hematology/Oncology (C.K., S.R., C.H., M.P., S.M.), Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Neurology (C.K., S.M.)
| | - H-Y Chen
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.W.A., H.-Y.C., J.W.G., Y.K., K.O., D.B.V., J.M.L., Y.L., D.X.)
| | - J W Gordon
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.W.A., H.-Y.C., J.W.G., Y.K., K.O., D.B.V., J.M.L., Y.L., D.X.)
| | - S Raber
- Division of Hematology/Oncology (C.K., S.R., C.H., M.P., S.M.), Department of Pediatrics
| | - C Hoffman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology (C.K., S.R., C.H., M.P., S.M.), Department of Pediatrics
| | - Y Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.W.A., H.-Y.C., J.W.G., Y.K., K.O., D.B.V., J.M.L., Y.L., D.X.)
| | - K Okamoto
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.W.A., H.-Y.C., J.W.G., Y.K., K.O., D.B.V., J.M.L., Y.L., D.X.)
| | - D B Vigneron
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.W.A., H.-Y.C., J.W.G., Y.K., K.O., D.B.V., J.M.L., Y.L., D.X.).,Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (D.B.V.).,Neurological Surgery (D.B.V., M.P., S.M.).,UCSF/UC Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering (D.B.V., J.M.L., D.X.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - J M Lupo
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.W.A., H.-Y.C., J.W.G., Y.K., K.O., D.B.V., J.M.L., Y.L., D.X.).,UCSF/UC Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering (D.B.V., J.M.L., D.X.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - M Prados
- Division of Hematology/Oncology (C.K., S.R., C.H., M.P., S.M.), Department of Pediatrics.,Neurological Surgery (D.B.V., M.P., S.M.)
| | - Y Li
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.W.A., H.-Y.C., J.W.G., Y.K., K.O., D.B.V., J.M.L., Y.L., D.X.)
| | - D Xu
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.W.A., H.-Y.C., J.W.G., Y.K., K.O., D.B.V., J.M.L., Y.L., D.X.) .,UCSF/UC Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering (D.B.V., J.M.L., D.X.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - S Mueller
- Division of Hematology/Oncology (C.K., S.R., C.H., M.P., S.M.), Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Neurology (C.K., S.M.).,Neurological Surgery (D.B.V., M.P., S.M.)
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13
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Park I, Lupo JM, Nelson SJ. Correlation of Tumor Perfusion Between Carbon-13 Imaging with Hyperpolarized Pyruvate and Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast MRI in Pre-Clinical Model of Glioblastoma. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 21:626-632. [PMID: 30225760 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare C-13 imaging parameters with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate with conventional gadolinium (Gd)-based perfusion weighted imaging using an orthotopic xenograft model of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). PROCEDURES C-13 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data were obtained from 14 tumor-bearing rats after the injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate at a 3T scanner. Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion-weighted MR images were obtained following intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA. Normalized lactate, pyruvate, total carbon, and lactate to pyruvate ratio from C-13 MRSI data were compared with normalized peak height and percent recovery of ΔR2* curve from the DSC images in the voxels containing tumor using a Pearson's linear correlation. RESULTS Normalized peak height from DSC imaging showed substantial correlations with normalized lactate (r = 0.6, p = 0.02) and total carbon (r = 0.6, p = 0.02) from hyperpolarized C-13 MRSI data. CONCLUSIONS Since the peak height in the ΔR2* curve from DSC data is related to the extent of blood volume, these hyperpolarized C-13 imaging parameters may be used to assess blood volume in rodent intracranial xenograft models of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilwoo Park
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeabongro 42, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea. .,Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Janine M Lupo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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14
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Stewart NJ, Matsumoto S. Biomedical Applications of the Dynamic Nuclear Polarization and Parahydrogen Induced Polarization Techniques for Hyperpolarized 13C MR Imaging. Magn Reson Med Sci 2019; 20:1-17. [PMID: 31902907 PMCID: PMC7952198 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2019-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first pioneering report of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the Warburg effect in prostate cancer patients, clinical dissemination of the technique has been rapid; close to 10 sites worldwide now possess a polarizer fit for the clinic, and more than 30 clinical trials, predominantly for oncological applications, are already registered on the US and European clinical trials databases. Hyperpolarized 13C probes to study pathophysiological processes beyond the Warburg effect, including tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism, intra-cellular pH and cellular necrosis have also been demonstrated in the preclinical arena and are pending clinical translation, and the simultaneous injection of multiple co-polarized agents is opening the door to high-sensitivity, multi-functional molecular MRI with a single dose. Here, we review the biomedical applications to date of the two polarization methods that have been used for in vivo hyperpolarized 13C molecular MRI; namely, dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization and parahydrogen-induced polarization. The basic concept of hyperpolarization and the fundamental theory underpinning these two key 13C hyperpolarization methods, along with recent technological advances that have facilitated biomedical realization, are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Stewart
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University
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15
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von Morze C, Merritt ME. Cancer in the crosshairs: targeting cancer metabolism with hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI technology. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e3937. [PMID: 29870085 PMCID: PMC6281789 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR)-based hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C metabolic imaging is under active pursuit as a new clinical diagnostic method for cancer detection, grading, and monitoring of therapeutic response. Following the tremendous success of metabolic imaging by positron emission tomography, which already plays major roles in clinical oncology, the added value of HP 13 C MRI is emerging. Aberrant glycolysis and central carbon metabolism is a hallmark of many forms of cancer. The chemical transformations associated with these pathways produce metabolites ranging in general from three to six carbons, and are dependent on the redox state and energy charge of the tissue. The significant changes in chemistry associated with flux through these pathways imply that HP imaging can take advantage of the underlying chemical shift information encoded into an MR experiment to produce images of the injected substrate as well as its metabolites. However, imaging of HP metabolites poses unique constraints on pulse sequence design related to detection of X-nuclei, decay of the HP magnetization due to T1 , and the consumption of HP signal by the inspection pulses. Advancements in the field continue to depend critically on customization of MRI systems and pulse sequences for optimized detection of HP 13 C signals, focused largely on extracting the maximum amount of information during the short lifetime of the HP magnetization. From a clinical perspective, the success of HP 13 C MRI of cancer will largely depend upon the utility of HP pyruvate for the detection of lactate pools associated with the Warburg effect, though several other agents are also under investigation, with novel agents continually being formulated. In this review, the salient aspects of HP 13 C imaging will be highlighted, with an emphasis on both technological challenges and the biochemical aspects of HP experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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16
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Plainchont B, Giraudeau P, Dumez JN. Interleaved spatial/spectral encoding in ultrafast 2D NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 305:112-121. [PMID: 31252240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The possibility to record a full 2D spectrum in less than a second using ultrafast 2D NMR (UF2DNMR) is beneficial in many applications. However, the spatial encoding process on which UF2DNMR is based sets specific constraints on the spectral width and resolution of the resulting spectra. To overcome these limitations, a tailored encoding method using spatial/spectral pulses (SPSP) can be employed as an alternative to the traditional linear spatial encoding of interactions. Here we analyze and further develop this alternative spatial encoding strategy. We first carry out numerical simulations to describe the features of bidimensional SPSP pulses. Sidebands are identified along the spectral dimension of the excitation profile. An interleaved excitation scheme is then developed and implemented experimentally to suppress the unwanted signals that arise from these harmonic sidebands. Two examples are shown to illustrate the potential of the proposed approach. An ultrafast selective TOCSY spectrum is recorded to access sub-spectra and fully assign 1H NMR resonances of individual residues of cyclosporin A. An ultrafast HSQC spectrum of a mixture of metabolites is recorded with an optimized spectral width in the spatially encoded dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Giraudeau
- CEISAM, CNRS UMR6230, Université de Nantes, 44300 Nantes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France.
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17
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Dutta P, Salzillo TC, Pudakalakatti S, Gammon ST, Kaipparettu BA, McAllister F, Wagner S, Frigo DE, Logothetis CJ, Zacharias NM, Bhattacharya PK. Assessing Therapeutic Efficacy in Real-time by Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Metabolic Imaging. Cells 2019; 8:E340. [PMID: 30978984 PMCID: PMC6523855 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Precisely measuring tumor-associated alterations in metabolism clinically will enable the efficient assessment of therapeutic responses. Advances in imaging technologies can exploit the differences in cancer-associated cell metabolism as compared to normal tissue metabolism, linking changes in target metabolism to therapeutic efficacy. Metabolic imaging by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) employing 2-fluoro-deoxy-glucose ([18F]FDG) has been used as a routine diagnostic tool in the clinic. Recently developed hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance (HP-MR), which radically increases the sensitivity of conventional MRI, has created a renewed interest in functional and metabolic imaging. The successful translation of this technique to the clinic was achieved recently with measurements of 13C-pyruvate metabolism. Here, we review the potential clinical roles for metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized MRI as applied in assessing therapeutic intervention in different cancer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta Dutta
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Travis C Salzillo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Seth T Gammon
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Benny A Kaipparettu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Florencia McAllister
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Shawn Wagner
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Niki M Zacharias
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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18
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Vidya Shankar R, Chang JC, Hu HH, Kodibagkar VD. Fast data acquisition techniques in magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4046. [PMID: 30637822 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is an important technique for assessing the spatial variation of metabolites in vivo. The long scan times in MRSI limit clinical applicability due to patient discomfort, increased costs, motion artifacts, and limited protocol flexibility. Faster acquisition strategies can address these limitations and could potentially facilitate increased adoption of MRSI into routine clinical protocols with minimal addition to the current anatomical and functional acquisition protocols in terms of imaging time. Not surprisingly, a lot of effort has been devoted to the development of faster MRSI techniques that aim to capture the same underlying metabolic information (relative metabolite peak areas and spatial distribution) as obtained by conventional MRSI, in greatly reduced time. The gain in imaging time results, in some cases, in a loss of signal-to-noise ratio and/or in spatial and spectral blurring. This review examines the current techniques and advances in fast MRSI in two and three spatial dimensions and their applications. This review categorizes the acceleration techniques according to their strategy for acquisition of the k-space. Techniques such as fast/turbo-spin echo MRSI, echo-planar spectroscopic imaging, and non-Cartesian MRSI effectively cover the full k-space in a more efficient manner per TR . On the other hand, techniques such as parallel imaging and compressed sensing acquire fewer k-space points and employ advanced reconstruction algorithms to recreate the spatial-spectral information, which maintains statistical fidelity in test conditions (ie no statistically significant differences on voxel-wise comparisions) with the fully sampled data. The advantages and limitations of each state-of-the-art technique are reviewed in detail, concluding with a note on future directions and challenges in the field of fast spectroscopic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Vidya Shankar
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - John C Chang
- Banner M D Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ, USA
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Vikram D Kodibagkar
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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19
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Larson PEZ, Chen HY, Gordon JW, Korn N, Maidens J, Arcak M, Tang S, Criekinge M, Carvajal L, Mammoli D, Bok R, Aggarwal R, Ferrone M, Slater JB, Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB. Investigation of analysis methods for hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate metabolic MRI in prostate cancer patients. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018. [PMID: 30230646 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3997e3997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
MRI using hyperpolarized (HP) carbon-13 pyruvate is being investigated in clinical trials to provide non-invasive measurements of metabolism for cancer and cardiac imaging. In this project, we applied HP [1-13 C]pyruvate dynamic MRI in prostate cancer to measure the conversion from pyruvate to lactate, which is expected to increase in aggressive cancers. The goal of this work was to develop and test analysis methods for improved quantification of this metabolic conversion. In this work, we compared specialized kinetic modeling methods to estimate the pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate, kPL , as well as the lactate-to-pyruvate area-under-curve (AUC) ratio. The kinetic modeling included an "inputless" method requiring no assumptions regarding the input function, as well as a method incorporating bolus characteristics in the fitting. These were first evaluated with simulated data designed to match human prostate data, where we examined the expected sensitivity of metabolism quantification to variations in kPL , signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bolus characteristics, relaxation rates, and B1 variability. They were then applied to 17 prostate cancer patient datasets. The simulations indicated that the inputless method with fixed relaxation rates provided high expected accuracy with no sensitivity to bolus characteristics. The AUC ratio showed an undesired strong sensitivity to bolus variations. Fitting the input function as well did not improve accuracy over the inputless method. In vivo results showed qualitatively accurate kPL maps with inputless fitting. The AUC ratio was sensitive to bolus delivery variations. Fitting with the input function showed high variability in parameter maps. Overall, we found the inputless kPL fitting method to be a simple, robust approach for quantification of metabolic conversion following HP [1-13 C]pyruvate injection in human prostate cancer studies. This study also provided initial ranges of HP [1-13 C]pyruvate parameters (SNR, kPL , bolus characteristics) in the human prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Natalie Korn
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - John Maidens
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Murat Arcak
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Shuyu Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniele Mammoli
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Marcus Ferrone
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - James B Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
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20
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Larson PEZ, Chen HY, Gordon JW, Korn N, Maidens J, Arcak M, Tang S, Criekinge M, Carvajal L, Mammoli D, Bok R, Aggarwal R, Ferrone M, Slater JB, Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB. Investigation of analysis methods for hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate metabolic MRI in prostate cancer patients. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3997. [PMID: 30230646 PMCID: PMC6392436 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
MRI using hyperpolarized (HP) carbon-13 pyruvate is being investigated in clinical trials to provide non-invasive measurements of metabolism for cancer and cardiac imaging. In this project, we applied HP [1-13 C]pyruvate dynamic MRI in prostate cancer to measure the conversion from pyruvate to lactate, which is expected to increase in aggressive cancers. The goal of this work was to develop and test analysis methods for improved quantification of this metabolic conversion. In this work, we compared specialized kinetic modeling methods to estimate the pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate, kPL , as well as the lactate-to-pyruvate area-under-curve (AUC) ratio. The kinetic modeling included an "inputless" method requiring no assumptions regarding the input function, as well as a method incorporating bolus characteristics in the fitting. These were first evaluated with simulated data designed to match human prostate data, where we examined the expected sensitivity of metabolism quantification to variations in kPL , signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bolus characteristics, relaxation rates, and B1 variability. They were then applied to 17 prostate cancer patient datasets. The simulations indicated that the inputless method with fixed relaxation rates provided high expected accuracy with no sensitivity to bolus characteristics. The AUC ratio showed an undesired strong sensitivity to bolus variations. Fitting the input function as well did not improve accuracy over the inputless method. In vivo results showed qualitatively accurate kPL maps with inputless fitting. The AUC ratio was sensitive to bolus delivery variations. Fitting with the input function showed high variability in parameter maps. Overall, we found the inputless kPL fitting method to be a simple, robust approach for quantification of metabolic conversion following HP [1-13 C]pyruvate injection in human prostate cancer studies. This study also provided initial ranges of HP [1-13 C]pyruvate parameters (SNR, kPL , bolus characteristics) in the human prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder E. Z. Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley–UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley–UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Natalie Korn
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley–UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - John Maidens
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California – Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Murat Arcak
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California – Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Shuyu Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley–UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniele Mammoli
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Marcus Ferrone
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - James B. Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah J. Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley–UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley–UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley–UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
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21
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Zhu X, Gordon JW, Bok RA, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PEZ. Dynamic diffusion-weighted hyperpolarized 13 C imaging based on a slice-selective double spin echo sequence for measurements of cellular transport. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:2001-2010. [PMID: 30368893 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a pulse sequence to dynamically measure the ADC of hyperpolarized substrates during their perfusion, metabolic conversion, and transport. METHODS We proposed a slice-selective double spin echo sequence for dynamic hyperpolarized 13 C diffusion-weighted imaging. The proposed pulse sequence was optimized for a high field preclinical scanner through theoretical analysis and simulation. The performance of the method was compared to non-slice-selective double spin echo via in vivo studies. We also validated the sequence for dynamic ADC measurement in both phantom studies and transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer studies. RESULTS The optimized pulse sequence outperforms the traditional sequence with smaller saturation effects on the magnetization of hyperpolarized compounds that allowed more dynamic imaging frames covering a longer imaging time window. In pre-clinical studies (N = 8), the dynamic hyperpolarized lactate ADC maps of 6 studies in the prostate tumors showed an increase measured ADC over time, which might be related to lactate efflux from the tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS The proposed sequence was validated and shown to improve dynamic diffusion weighted imaging compared to the traditional double spin echo sequence, providing ADC maps of lactate through time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xucheng Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California.,UCSF/UC Berkeley Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert A Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California.,UCSF/UC Berkeley Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, California
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22
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Park I, Larson PEZ, Gordon JW, Carvajal L, Chen HY, Bok R, Van Criekinge M, Ferrone M, Slater JB, Xu D, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Chang S, Nelson SJ. Development of methods and feasibility of using hyperpolarized carbon-13 imaging data for evaluating brain metabolism in patient studies. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:864-873. [PMID: 29322616 PMCID: PMC5980662 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging is a non-invasive imaging modality for evaluating real-time metabolism. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement experimental strategies for using [1-13C]pyruvate to probe in vivo metabolism for patients with brain tumors and other neurological diseases. Methods The 13C RF coils and pulse sequences were tested in a phantom and were performed using a 3T whole body scanner. Samples of [1-13C]pyruvate were polarized using a SPINlab system. Dynamic 13C data were acquired from eight patients previously diagnosed with brain tumors, who had received treatment and were being followed with serial MR scans. Results The phantom studies produced good quality spectra with a reduction in signal intensity in the center due to the reception profiles of the 13C receive coils. Dynamic data obtained from a 3 cm slice through a patient’s brain following injection with [1-13C]pyruvate showed the anticipated arrival of the agent, its conversion to lactate and bicarbonate, and subsequent reduction in signal intensity. A similar temporal pattern was observed in 2D dynamic patient studies, with signals corresponding to pyruvate, lactate and bicarbonate being in normal appearing brain but only pyruvate and lactate being detected in regions corresponding to the anatomic lesion. Physiological monitoring and follow-up confirmed that there were no adverse events associated with the injection. Conclusions This study has presented the first application of hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging in patients with brain tumor and demonstrated the safety and feasibility of using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate to evaluate in vivo brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilwoo Park
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Peder EZ. Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mark Van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marcus Ferrone
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - James B. Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Susan Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sarah J. Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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23
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Park I, Larson PEZ, Gordon JW, Carvajal L, Chen HY, Bok R, Van Criekinge M, Ferrone M, Slater JB, Xu D, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Chang S, Nelson SJ. Development of methods and feasibility of using hyperpolarized carbon-13 imaging data for evaluating brain metabolism in patient studies. Magn Reson Med 2018. [PMID: 29322616 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.v80.310.1002/mrm.27077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging is a non-invasive imaging modality for evaluating real-time metabolism. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement experimental strategies for using [1-13C]pyruvate to probe in vivo metabolism for patients with brain tumors and other neurological diseases. METHODS The 13C RF coils and pulse sequences were tested in a phantom and were performed using a 3T whole body scanner. Samples of [1-13C]pyruvate were polarized using a SPINlab system. Dynamic 13C data were acquired from eight patients previously diagnosed with brain tumors, who had received treatment and were being followed with serial MR scans. RESULTS The phantom studies produced good quality spectra with a reduction in signal intensity in the center due to the reception profiles of the 13C receive coils. Dynamic data obtained from a 3 cm slice through a patient’s brain following injection with [1-13C]pyruvate showed the anticipated arrival of the agent, its conversion to lactate and bicarbonate, and subsequent reduction in signal intensity. A similar temporal pattern was observed in 2D dynamic patient studies, with signals corresponding to pyruvate, lactate and bicarbonate being in normal appearing brain but only pyruvate and lactate being detected in regions corresponding to the anatomic lesion. Physiological monitoring and follow-up confirmed that there were no adverse events associated with the injection. CONCLUSIONS This study has presented the first application of hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging in patients with brain tumor and demonstrated the safety and feasibility of using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate to evaluate in vivo brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilwoo Park
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark Van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marcus Ferrone
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James B Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Eldirdiri A, Posse S, Hanson LG, Hansen RB, Holst P, Schøier C, Kristensen AT, Johannesen HH, Kjaer A, Hansen AE, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH. Development of a Symmetric Echo-Planar Spectroscopy Imaging Framework for Hyperpolarized 13C Imaging in a Clinical PET/MR Scanner. Tomography 2018; 4:110-122. [PMID: 30320211 PMCID: PMC6173787 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2018.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we developed a symmetric echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) sequence for hyperpolarized 13C imaging on a clinical hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging system. The pulse sequence uses parallel reconstruction pipelines to separately reconstruct data from odd-and-even gradient echoes to reduce artifacts from gradient imbalances. The ramp-sampled data in the spatiotemporal frequency space are regridded to compensate for the chemical-shift displacements. Unaliasing of nonoverlapping peaks outside of the sampled spectral width was performed to double the effective spectral width. The sequence was compared with conventional phase-encoded chemical-shift imaging (CSI) in phantoms, and it was evaluated in a canine cancer patient with ameloblastoma after injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. The relative signal-to-noise ratio of EPSI with respect to CSI was 0.88, which is consistent with the decrease in sampling efficiency due to ramp sampling. Data regridding in the spatiotemporal frequency space significantly reduced spatial blurring compared with direct fast Fourier transform. EPSI captured the spatial distributions of both metabolites and their temporal dynamics in vivo with an in-plane spatial resolution of 5 × 9 mm2 and a temporal resolution of 3 seconds. Significantly higher spatial and temporal resolution for delineating anatomical structures in vivo was achieved for EPSI metabolic maps than for CSI maps, which suffered spatiotemporal blurring. The EPSI sequence showed promising results in terms of short acquisition time and sufficient spectral bandwidth of 500 Hz, allowing to adjust the trade-off between signal-to-noise ratio and encoding speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakr Eldirdiri
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Stefan Posse
- Departments of Neurology
- Physics and Astronomy
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Lars G. Hanson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Rie B. Hansen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Pernille Holst
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christina Schøier
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Annemarie T Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Helle Hjorth Johannesen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam E. Hansen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Henrik Ardenkjaer-Larsen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
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Timm KN, Miller JJ, Henry JA, Tyler DJ. Cardiac applications of hyperpolarised magnetic resonance. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 106-107:66-87. [PMID: 31047602 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death world-wide. It is increasingly recognised that cardiac pathologies show, or may even be caused by, changes in metabolism, leading to impaired cardiac energetics. The heart turns over 15 times its own weight in ATP every day and thus relies heavily on the availability of substrates and on efficient oxidation to generate this ATP. A number of old and emerging drugs that target different aspects of metabolism are showing promising results with regard to improved cardiac outcomes in patients. A non-invasive imaging technique that could assess the role of different aspects of metabolism in heart disease, as well as measure changes in cardiac energetics due to treatment, would be valuable in the routine clinical care of cardiac patients. Hyperpolarised magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging have revolutionised metabolic imaging, allowing real-time metabolic flux assessment in vivo for the first time. In this review we summarise metabolism in the healthy and diseased heart, give an introduction to the hyperpolarisation technique, 'dynamic nuclear polarisation' (DNP), and review the preclinical studies that have thus far explored healthy cardiac metabolism and different models of human heart disease. We furthermore show what advances have been made to translate this technique into the clinic, what technical challenges still remain and what unmet clinical needs and unexplored metabolic substrates still need to be assessed by researchers in this exciting and fast-moving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin N Timm
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Jack J Miller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - John A Henry
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Damian J Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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26
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Chen HY, Larson PEZ, Gordon JW, Bok RA, Ferrone M, van Criekinge M, Carvajal L, Cao P, Pauly JM, Kerr AB, Park I, Slater JB, Nelson SJ, Munster PN, Aggarwal R, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB. Technique development of 3D dynamic CS-EPSI for hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate MR molecular imaging of human prostate cancer. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:2062-2072. [PMID: 29575178 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a new 3D dynamic carbon-13 compressed sensing echoplanar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) MR sequence and test it in phantoms, animal models, and then in prostate cancer patients to image the metabolic conversion of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate to [1-13 C]lactate with whole gland coverage at high spatial and temporal resolution. METHODS A 3D dynamic compressed sensing (CS)-EPSI sequence with spectral-spatial excitation was designed to meet the required spatial coverage, time and spatial resolution, and RF limitations of the 3T MR scanner for its clinical translation for prostate cancer patient imaging. After phantom testing, animal studies were performed in rats and transgenic mice with prostate cancers. For patient studies, a GE SPINlab polarizer (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) was used to produce hyperpolarized sterile GMP [1-13 C]pyruvate. 3D dynamic 13 C CS-EPSI data were acquired starting 5 s after injection throughout the gland with a spatial resolution of 0.5 cm3 , 18 time frames, 2-s temporal resolution, and 36 s total acquisition time. RESULTS Through preclinical testing, the 3D CS-EPSI sequence developed in this project was shown to provide the desired spectral, temporal, and spatial 5D HP 13 C MR data. In human studies, the 3D dynamic HP CS-EPSI approach provided first-ever simultaneously volumetric and dynamic images of the LDH-catalyzed conversion of [1-13 C]pyruvate to [1-13 C]lactate in a biopsy-proven prostate cancer patient with full gland coverage. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate the feasibility to characterize prostate cancer metabolism in animals, and now patients using this new 3D dynamic HP MR technique to measure kPL , the kinetic rate constant of [1-13 C]pyruvate to [1-13 C]lactate conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert A Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Marcus Ferrone
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - John M Pauly
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Adam B Kerr
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ilwoo Park
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Chonnam, Korea
| | - James B Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Pamela N Munster
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Milshteyn E, von Morze C, Reed GD, Shang H, Shin PJ, Zhu Z, Chen HY, Bok R, Goga A, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB. Development of high resolution 3D hyperpolarized carbon-13 MR molecular imaging techniques. Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 38:152-162. [PMID: 28077268 PMCID: PMC5360530 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this project was to develop and apply techniques for T2 mapping and 3D high resolution (1.5mm isotropic; 0.003cm3) 13C imaging of hyperpolarized (HP) probes [1-13C]lactate, [1-13C]pyruvate, [2-13C]pyruvate, and [13C,15N2]urea in vivo. A specialized 2D bSSFP sequence was implemented on a clinical 3T scanner and used to obtain the first high resolution T2 maps of these different hyperpolarized compounds in both rats and tumor-bearing mice. These maps were first used to optimize timings for highest SNR for single time-point 3D bSSFP acquisitions with a 1.5mm isotropic spatial resolution of normal rats. This 3D acquisition approach was extended to serial dynamic imaging with 2-fold compressed sensing acceleration without changing spatial resolution. The T2 mapping experiments yielded measurements of T2 values of >1s for all compounds within rat kidneys/vasculature and TRAMP tumors, except for [2-13C]pyruvate which was ~730ms and ~320ms, respectively. The high resolution 3D imaging enabled visualization the biodistribution of [1-13C]lactate, [1-13C]pyruvate, and [2-13C]pyruvate within different kidney compartments as well as in the vasculature. While the mouse anatomy is smaller, the resolution was also sufficient to image the distribution of all compounds within kidney, vasculature, and tumor. The development of the specialized 3D sequence with compressed sensing provided improved structural and functional assessments at a high (0.003cm3) spatial and 2s temporal resolution in vivo utilizing HP 13C substrates by exploiting their long T2 values. This 1.5mm isotropic resolution is comparable to 1H imaging and application of this approach could be extended to future studies of uptake, metabolism, and perfusion in cancer and other disease models and may ultimately be of value for clinical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Milshteyn
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Hong Shang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Shin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zihan Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Goga
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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28
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Siddiqui S, Kadlecek S, Pourfathi M, Xin Y, Mannherz W, Hamedani H, Drachman N, Ruppert K, Clapp J, Rizi R. The use of hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance for molecular imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 113:3-23. [PMID: 27599979 PMCID: PMC5783573 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, molecular imaging using magnetic resonance (MR) has been limited by the modality's low sensitivity, especially with non-proton nuclei. The advent of hyperpolarized (HP) MR overcomes this limitation by substantially enhancing the signal of certain biologically important probes through a process known as external nuclear polarization, enabling real-time assessment of tissue function and metabolism. The metabolic information obtained by HP MR imaging holds significant promise in the clinic, where it could play a critical role in disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the developments made in the field of hyperpolarized MR, including advancements in polarization techniques and delivery, probe development, pulse sequence optimization, characterization of healthy and diseased tissues, and the steps made towards clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmad Siddiqui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen Kadlecek
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mehrdad Pourfathi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William Mannherz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hooman Hamedani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas Drachman
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kai Ruppert
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justin Clapp
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rahim Rizi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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29
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Wang J, Wright AJ, Hu D, Hesketh R, Brindle KM. Single shot three-dimensional pulse sequence for hyperpolarized 13 C MRI. Magn Reson Med 2017; 77:740-752. [PMID: 26916384 PMCID: PMC5297976 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized 13 C-labeled cell substrates is a promising technique for imaging tissue metabolism in vivo. However, the transient nature of the hyperpolarization, and its depletion following excitation, limits the imaging time and the number of excitation pulses that can be used. We describe here a single-shot three-dimensional (3D) imaging sequence and demonstrate its capability to generate 13 C MR images in tumor-bearing mice injected with hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate. METHODS The pulse sequence acquires a stack-of-spirals at two spin echoes after a single excitation pulse and encodes the kz-dimension in an interleaved manner to enhance robustness to B0 inhomogeneity. Spectral-spatial pulses are used to acquire dynamic 3D images from selected hyperpolarized 13 C-labeled metabolites. RESULTS A nominal spatial/temporal resolution of 1.25 × 1.25 × 2.5 mm3 × 2 s was achieved in tumor images of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate and [1-13 C]lactate acquired in vivo. Higher resolution in the z-direction, with a different k-space trajectory, was demonstrated in measurements on a thermally polarized [1-13 C]lactate phantom. CONCLUSION The pulse sequence is capable of imaging hyperpolarized 13 C-labeled substrates at relatively high spatial and temporal resolutions and is robust to moderate system imperfections. Magn Reson Med 77:740-752, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazheng Wang
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Alan J. Wright
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - De‐en Hu
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard Hesketh
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeTennis Court RoadCambridgeUnited Kingdom.
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Cao P, Shin PJ, Park I, Najac C, Marco-Rius I, Vigneron DB, Nelson SJ, Ronen SM, Larson PEZ. Accelerated high-bandwidth MR spectroscopic imaging using compressed sensing. Magn Reson Med 2016; 76:369-79. [PMID: 27228088 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a compressed sensing (CS) acceleration method with a high spectral bandwidth exploiting the spatial-spectral sparsity of MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). METHODS Accelerations were achieved using blip gradients during the readout to perform nonoverlapped and stochastically delayed random walks in kx -ky -t space, combined with block-Hankel matrix completion for efficient reconstruction. Both retrospective and prospective CS accelerations were applied to (13) C MRSI experiments, including in vivo rodent brain and liver studies with administrations of hyperpolarized [1-(13) C] pyruvate at 7.0 Tesla (T) and [2-(13) C] dihydroxyacetone at 3.0 T, respectively. RESULTS In retrospective undersampling experiments using in vivo 7.0 T data, the proposed method preserved spectral, spatial, and dynamic fidelities with R(2) ≥ 0.96 and ≥ 0.87 for pyruvate and lactate signals, respectively, 750-Hz spectral separation, and up to 6.6-fold accelerations. In prospective in vivo experiments, with 3.8-fold acceleration, the proposed method exhibited excellent spatial localization of metabolites and peak recovery for pyruvate and lactate at 7.0 T as well as for dihydroxyacetone and its metabolic products with a 4.5-kHz spectral span (140 ppm at 3.0 T). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the feasibility of a new CS approach to accelerate high spectral bandwidth MRSI experiments. Magn Reson Med 76:369-379, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peter J Shin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ilwoo Park
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Chloe Najac
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Irene Marco-Rius
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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31
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Walker CM, Merritt M, Wang JX, Bankson JA. Use of a Multi-compartment Dynamic Single Enzyme Phantom for Studies of Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Agents. J Vis Exp 2016:e53607. [PMID: 27166971 DOI: 10.3791/53607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging of hyperpolarized substrates by magnetic resonance shows great clinical promise for assessment of critical biochemical processes in real time. Due to fundamental constraints imposed by the hyperpolarized state, exotic imaging and reconstruction techniques are commonly used. A practical system for characterization of dynamic, multi-spectral imaging methods is critically needed. Such a system must reproducibly recapitulate the relevant chemical dynamics of normal and pathological tissues. The most widely utilized substrate to date is hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]-pyruvate for assessment of cancer metabolism. We describe an enzyme-based phantom system that mediates the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. The reaction is initiated by injection of the hyperpolarized agent into multiple chambers within the phantom, each of which contains varying concentrations of reagents that control the reaction rate. Multiple compartments are necessary to ensure that imaging sequences faithfully capture the spatial and metabolic heterogeneity of tissue. This system will aid the development and validation of advanced imaging strategies by providing chemical dynamics that are not available from conventional phantoms, as well as control and reproducibility that is not possible in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Merritt
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Jian-Xiong Wang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - James A Bankson
- Imaging Physics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center;
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DeVience SJ, Mayer D. Speeding up dynamic spiral chemical shift imaging with incoherent sampling and low-rank matrix completion. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:951-960. [PMID: 26914541 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve the temporal and spatial resolution of dynamic 13 C spiral chemical shift imaging via incoherent sampling and low-rank matrix completion (LRMC). METHODS Spiral CSI data were both simulated and acquired in rats, and undersampling was implemented retrospectively and prospectively by pseudorandomly omitting a fraction of the spiral interleaves. Undersampled data were reconstructed with both LRMC and a conventional inverse nonuniform fast Fourier transform (iNUFFT) and compared with fully sampled data. RESULTS Two-fold undersampling with LRMC reconstruction enabled a two-fold improvement in temporal or spatial resolution without significant artifacts or spatiotemporal distortion. Conversely, undersampling with iNUFFT reconstruction created strong artifacts that obscured the image. LRMC performed better at time points with strong metabolite signal. CONCLUSION Incoherent undersampling and LRMC provides a way to increase the spatiotemporal resolution of spiral CSI without degrading data integrity. Magn Reson Med 77:951-960, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J DeVience
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Chaumeil MM, Najac C, Ronen SM. Studies of Metabolism Using (13)C MRS of Hyperpolarized Probes. Methods Enzymol 2015; 561:1-71. [PMID: 26358901 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
First described in 2003, the dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) technique, combined with (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), has since been used in numerous metabolic studies and has become a valuable metabolic imaging method. DNP dramatically increases the level of polarization of (13)C-labeled compounds resulting in an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of over 50,000 fold for the MRS spectrum of hyperpolarized compounds. The high SNR enables rapid real-time detection of metabolism in cells, tissues, and in vivo. This chapter will present a comprehensive review of the DNP approaches that have been used to monitor metabolism in living systems. First, the list of (13)C DNP probes developed to date will be presented, with a particular focus on the most commonly used probe, namely [1-(13)C] pyruvate. In the next four sections, we will then describe the different factors that need to be considered when designing (13)C DNP probes for metabolic studies, conducting in vitro or in vivo hyperpolarized experiments, as well as acquiring, analyzing, and modeling hyperpolarized (13)C data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam M Chaumeil
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chloé Najac
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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Durst M, Koellisch U, Frank A, Rancan G, Gringeri CV, Karas V, Wiesinger F, Menzel MI, Schwaiger M, Haase A, Schulte RF. Comparison of acquisition schemes for hyperpolarised ¹³C imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:715-25. [PMID: 25908233 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterise and compare widely used acquisition strategies for hyperpolarised (13)C imaging. Free induction decay chemical shift imaging (FIDCSI), echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI), IDEAL spiral chemical shift imaging (ISPCSI) and spiral chemical shift imaging (SPCSI) sequences were designed for two different regimes of spatial resolution. Their characteristics were studied in simulations and in tumour-bearing rats after injection of hyperpolarised [1-(13)C]pyruvate on a clinical 3-T scanner. Two or three different sequences were used on the same rat in random order for direct comparison. The experimentally obtained lactate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the tumour matched the simulations. Differences between the sequences were mainly found in the encoding efficiency, gradient demand and artefact behaviour. Although ISPCSI and SPCSI offer high encoding efficiencies, these non-Cartesian trajectories are more prone than EPSI and FIDCSI to artefacts from various sources. If the encoding efficiency is sufficient for the desired application, EPSI has been proven to be a robust choice. Otherwise, faster spiral acquisition schemes are recommended. The conclusions found in this work can be applied directly to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Durst
- Technische Universität München, Institute of Medical Engineering, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Koellisch
- Technische Universität München, Institute of Medical Engineering, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Frank
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Giaime Rancan
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Concetta V Gringeri
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Markus Schwaiger
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Haase
- Technische Universität München, Institute of Medical Engineering, Munich, Germany
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Lerche MH, Jensen PR, Karlsson M, Meier S. NMR insights into the inner workings of living cells. Anal Chem 2014; 87:119-32. [PMID: 25084065 DOI: 10.1021/ac501467x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde H Lerche
- Albeda Research , Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
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Durst M, Koellisch U, Gringeri C, Janich MA, Rancan G, Frank A, Wiesinger F, Menzel MI, Haase A, Schulte RF. Bolus tracking for improved metabolic imaging of hyperpolarised compounds. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2014; 243:40-46. [PMID: 24717443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarisation has enabled real-time metabolic imaging of pyruvate and its metabolites. Conventional imaging sequences rely on predefined settings and do not account for intersubject variations in biological parameters such as perfusion. We present a fully automatic real-time bolus tracking sequence for hyperpolarised substrates which starts the imaging acquisition at a defined point on the bolus curve. This reduces artefacts due to signal change and allows for a more efficient use of hyperpolarised magnetisation. For single time point imaging methods, bolus tracking enables a more reliable and consistent quantification of metabolic activity. An RF excitation with a small flip angle is used to obtain slice-selective pyruvate tracking information in rats. Moreover, in combination with a copolarised urea and pyruvate injection, spectrally selective tracking on urea allows obtaining localised bolus tracking information without depleting the pyruvate signal. Particularly with regard to clinical application, the bolus tracking technique could provide an important step towards a routine assessment protocol which removes operator dependencies and ensures comparable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Durst
- Department of Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany; GE Global Research, Freisinger Landstrasse 50, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Koellisch
- Department of Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany; GE Global Research, Freisinger Landstrasse 50, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Concetta Gringeri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin A Janich
- GE Global Research, Freisinger Landstrasse 50, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Giaime Rancan
- GE Global Research, Freisinger Landstrasse 50, 85748 Garching, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Frank
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Wiesinger
- GE Global Research, Freisinger Landstrasse 50, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marion I Menzel
- GE Global Research, Freisinger Landstrasse 50, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Axel Haase
- Department of Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Rolf F Schulte
- GE Global Research, Freisinger Landstrasse 50, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Chaumeil MM, Larson PEZ, Woods SM, Cai L, Eriksson P, Robinson AE, Lupo JM, Vigneron DB, Nelson SJ, Pieper RO, Phillips JJ, Ronen SM. Hyperpolarized [1-13C] glutamate: a metabolic imaging biomarker of IDH1 mutational status in glioma. Cancer Res 2014; 74:4247-57. [PMID: 24876103 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mutations of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene are among the most prevalent in low-grade glioma and secondary glioblastoma, represent an early pathogenic event, and are associated with epigenetically driven modulations of metabolism. Of particular interest is the recently uncovered relationship between the IDH1 mutation and decreased activity of the branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) enzyme. Noninvasive imaging methods that can assess BCAT1 activity could therefore improve detection of mutant IDH1 tumors and aid in developing and monitoring new targeted therapies. BCAT1 catalyzes the transamination of branched-chain amino acids while converting α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to glutamate. Our goal was to use (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy to probe the conversion of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] α-KG to hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] glutamate as a readout of BCAT1 activity. We investigated two isogenic glioblastoma lines that differed only in their IDH1 status and performed experiments in live cells and in vivo in rat orthotopic tumors. Following injection of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] α-KG, hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] glutamate production was detected both in cells and in vivo, and the level of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] glutamate was significantly lower in mutant IDH1 cells and tumors compared with their IDH1-wild-type counterparts. Importantly however, in our cells the observed drop in hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] glutamate was likely mediated not only by a drop in BCAT1 activity, but also by reductions in aspartate transaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities, suggesting additional metabolic reprogramming at least in our model. Hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] glutamate could thus inform on multiple mutant IDH1-associated metabolic events that mediate reduced glutamate production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Larry Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging
| | | | - Aaron E Robinson
- Pathology, and Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center; and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | - Russell O Pieper
- Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center; and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Pathology, and Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center; and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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38
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Non-invasive in vivo assessment of IDH1 mutational status in glioma. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2429. [PMID: 24019001 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene are among the most prevalent in low-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastoma. They lead to intracellular accumulation of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate, represent an early pathogenic event and are considered a therapeutic target. Here we show, in this proof-of-concept study, that [1-(13)C] α-ketoglutarate can serve as a metabolic imaging agent for non-invasive, real-time, in vivo monitoring of mutant IDH1 activity, and can inform on IDH1 status. Using (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization, the metabolic fate of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] α-ketoglutarate is studied in isogenic glioblastoma cells that differ only in their IDH1 status. In lysates and tumours that express wild-type IDH1, only hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] α-ketoglutarate can be detected. In contrast, in cells that express mutant IDH1, hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] 2-hydroxyglutarate is also observed, both in cell lysates and in vivo in orthotopic tumours.
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39
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Gordon JW, Niles DJ, Fain SB, Johnson KM. Joint spatial-spectral reconstruction and k-t spirals for accelerated 2D spatial/1D spectral imaging of 13C dynamics. Magn Reson Med 2014; 71:1435-45. [PMID: 23716402 PMCID: PMC4011726 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a novel imaging technique to reduce the number of excitations and required scan time for hyperpolarized (13)C imaging. METHODS A least-squares based optimization and reconstruction is developed to simultaneously solve for both spatial and spectral encoding. By jointly solving both domains, spectral imaging can potentially be performed with a spatially oversampled single echo spiral acquisition. Digital simulations, phantom experiments, and initial in vivo hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate experiments were performed to assess the performance of the algorithm as compared to a multi-echo approach. RESULTS Simulations and phantom data indicate that accurate single echo imaging is possible when coupled with oversampling factors greater than six (corresponding to a worst case of pyruvate to metabolite ratio < 9%), even in situations of substantial T(2)* decay and B(0) heterogeneity. With lower oversampling rates, two echoes are required for similar accuracy. These results were confirmed with in vivo data experiments, showing accurate single echo spectral imaging with an oversampling factor of 7 and two echo imaging with an oversampling factor of 4. CONCLUSION The proposed k-t approach increases data acquisition efficiency by reducing the number of echoes required to generate spectroscopic images, thereby allowing accelerated acquisition speed, preserved polarization, and/or improved temporal or spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David J. Niles
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sean B. Fain
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kevin M. Johnson
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Schmidt R, Laustsen C, Dumez JN, Kettunen MI, Serrao EM, Marco-Rius I, Brindle KM, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Frydman L. In vivo single-shot 13C spectroscopic imaging of hyperpolarized metabolites by spatiotemporal encoding. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2014; 240:8-15. [PMID: 24486720 PMCID: PMC5040493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized metabolic imaging is a growing field that has provided a new tool for analyzing metabolism, particularly in cancer. Given the short life times of the hyperpolarized signal, fast and effective spectroscopic imaging methods compatible with dynamic metabolic characterizations are necessary. Several approaches have been customized for hyperpolarized (13)C MRI, including CSI with a center-out k-space encoding, EPSI, and spectrally selective pulses in combination with spiral EPI acquisitions. Recent studies have described the potential of single-shot alternatives based on spatiotemporal encoding (SPEN) principles, to derive chemical-shift images within a sub-second period. By contrast to EPSI, SPEN does not require oscillating acquisition gradients to deliver chemical-shift information: its signal encodes both spatial as well as chemical shift information, at no extra cost in experimental complexity. SPEN MRI sequences with slice-selection and arbitrary excitation pulses can also be devised, endowing SPEN with the potential to deliver single-shot multi-slice chemical shift images, with a temporal resolution required for hyperpolarized dynamic metabolic imaging. The present work demonstrates this with initial in vivo results obtained from SPEN-based imaging of pyruvate and its metabolic products, after injection of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate. Multi-slice chemical-shift images of healthy rats were obtained at 4.7T in the region of the kidney, and 4D (2D spatial, 1D spectral, 1D temporal) data sets were obtained at 7T from a murine lymphoma tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Schmidt
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jean-Nicolas Dumez
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mikko I Kettunen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eva M Serrao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Marco-Rius
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lucio Frydman
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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41
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Hyperpolarized NMR probes for biological assays. SENSORS 2014; 14:1576-97. [PMID: 24441771 PMCID: PMC3926627 DOI: 10.3390/s140101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, the development of nuclear spin polarization enhanced (hyperpolarized) molecular probes has opened up new opportunities for studying the inner workings of living cells in real time. The hyperpolarized probes are produced ex situ, introduced into biological systems and detected with high sensitivity and contrast against background signals using high resolution NMR spectroscopy. A variety of natural, derivatized and designed hyperpolarized probes has emerged for diverse biological studies including assays of intracellular reaction progression, pathway kinetics, probe uptake and export, pH, redox state, reactive oxygen species, ion concentrations, drug efficacy or oncogenic signaling. These probes are readily used directly under natural conditions in biofluids and are often directly developed and optimized for cellular assays, thus leaving little doubt about their specificity and utility under biologically relevant conditions. Hyperpolarized molecular probes for biological NMR spectroscopy enable the unbiased detection of complex processes by virtue of the high spectral resolution, structural specificity and quantifiability of NMR signals. Here, we provide a survey of strategies used for the selection, design and use of hyperpolarized NMR probes in biological assays, and describe current limitations and developments.
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Park I, Larson PEZ, Tropp JL, Carvajal L, Reed G, Bok R, Robb F, Bringas J, Kells A, Pivirotto P, Bankiewicz K, Vigneron DB, Nelson SJ. Dynamic hyperpolarized carbon-13 MR metabolic imaging of nonhuman primate brain. Magn Reson Med 2014; 71:19-25. [PMID: 24346964 PMCID: PMC4041734 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate hyperpolarized (13) C metabolic imaging methods in the primate brain that can be translated into future clinical trials for patients with brain cancer. METHODS (13) C coils and pulse sequences designed for use in humans were tested in phantoms. Dynamic (13) C data were obtained from a healthy cynomolgus monkey brain using the optimized (13) C coils and pulse sequences. The metabolite kinetics were estimated from two-dimensional localized (13) C dynamic imaging data from the nonhuman primate brain. RESULTS Pyruvate and lactate signal were observed in both the brain and the surrounding tissues with the maximum signal-to-noise ratio of 218 and 29 for pyruvate and lactate, respectively. Apparent rate constants for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and the ratio of lactate to pyruvate showed a difference between brain and surrounding tissues. CONCLUSION The feasibility of using hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]-pyruvate for assessing in vivo metabolism in a healthy nonhuman primate brain was demonstrated using a hyperpolarized (13) C imaging experimental setup designed for studying patients with brain tumors. The kinetics of the metabolite conversion suggests that this approach may be useful in future studies of human neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilwoo Park
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E. Z. Larson
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James L. Tropp
- Global Applied Science Lab, GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Galen Reed
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Bok
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fraser Robb
- Global Applied Science Lab, GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - John Bringas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Adrian Kells
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Philip Pivirotto
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Krystof Bankiewicz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah J. Nelson
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Bokacheva L, Ackerstaff E, LeKaye HC, Zakian K, Koutcher JA. High-field small animal magnetic resonance oncology studies. Phys Med Biol 2013; 59:R65-R127. [PMID: 24374985 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/2/r65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the applications of high magnetic field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) to cancer studies in small animals. High-field MRI can provide information about tumor physiology, the microenvironment, metabolism, vascularity and cellularity. Such studies are invaluable for understanding tumor growth and proliferation, response to treatment and drug development. The MR techniques reviewed here include (1)H, (31)P, chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging and hyperpolarized (13)C MRS as well as diffusion-weighted, blood oxygen level dependent contrast imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. These methods have been proven effective in animal studies and are highly relevant to human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Bokacheva
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 415 East 68 Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Ramirez MS, Lee J, Walker CM, Sandulache VC, Hennel F, Lai SY, Bankson JA. Radial spectroscopic MRI of hyperpolarized [1-(13) C] pyruvate at 7 tesla. Magn Reson Med 2013; 72:986-95. [PMID: 24186845 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The transient and nonrenewable signal from hyperpolarized metabolites necessitates extensive sequence optimization for encoding spatial, spectral, and dynamic information. In this work, we evaluate the utility of radial single-timepoint and cumulative spectroscopic MRI of hyperpolarized [1-(13) C] pyruvate and its metabolic products at 7 Tesla (T). METHODS Simulations of radial echo planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) and multiband frequency encoding (MBFE) acquisitions were performed to confirm feasibility and evaluate performance for HP (13) C imaging. Corresponding sequences were implemented on a 7T small-animal MRI system, tested in phantom, and demonstrated in a murine model of anaplastic thyroid cancer. RESULTS MBFE provides excellent spectral separation but is susceptible to blurring and T2 * signal loss inherent to using low readout gradients. The higher readout gradients and more flexible spectral encoding for EPSI result in good spatial resolution and spectral separation. Radial acquisition throughout HP signal evolution offers the flexibility for reconstructing spatial maps of mean metabolite distribution and global dynamic time courses of multiple metabolites. CONCLUSION Radial EPSI and MBFE acquisitions are well-suited for hyperpolarized (13) C MRI over short and long durations. Advantages to this approach include robustness to nonstationary magnetization, insensitivity to precise acquisition timing, and versatility for reconstructing dynamically acquired spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc S Ramirez
- The Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Xing Y, Reed GD, Pauly JM, Kerr AB, Larson PEZ. Optimal variable flip angle schemes for dynamic acquisition of exchanging hyperpolarized substrates. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2013; 234:75-81. [PMID: 23845910 PMCID: PMC3765634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In metabolic MRI with hyperpolarized contrast agents, the signal levels vary over time due to T1 decay, T2 decay following RF excitations, and metabolic conversion. Efficient usage of the nonrenewable hyperpolarized magnetization requires specialized RF pulse schemes. In this work, we introduce two novel variable flip angle schemes for dynamic hyperpolarized MRI in which the flip angle is varied between excitations and between metabolites. These were optimized to distribute the magnetization relatively evenly throughout the acquisition by accounting for T1 decay, prior RF excitations, and metabolic conversion. Simulation results are presented to confirm the flip angle designs and evaluate the variability of signal dynamics across typical ranges of T1 and metabolic conversion. They were implemented using multiband spectral-spatial RF pulses to independently modulate the flip angle at various chemical shift frequencies. With these schemes we observed increased SNR of [1-(13)C]lactate generated from [1-(13)C]pyruvate, particularly at later time points. This will allow for improved characterization of tissue perfusion and metabolic profiles in dynamic hyperpolarized MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xing
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Galen D. Reed
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - John M. Pauly
- Magnetic Resonance Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Adam B. Kerr
- Magnetic Resonance Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Peder E. Z. Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Walker CM, Lee J, Ramirez MS, Schellingerhout D, Millward S, Bankson JA. A catalyzing phantom for reproducible dynamic conversion of hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]-pyruvate. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71274. [PMID: 23977006 PMCID: PMC3744565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo real time spectroscopic imaging of hyperpolarized ¹³C labeled metabolites shows substantial promise for the assessment of physiological processes that were previously inaccessible. However, reliable and reproducible methods of measurement are necessary to maximize the effectiveness of imaging biomarkers that may one day guide personalized care for diseases such as cancer. Animal models of human disease serve as poor reference standards due to the complexity, heterogeneity, and transient nature of advancing disease. In this study, we describe the reproducible conversion of hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]-pyruvate to [1-¹³C]-lactate using a novel synthetic enzyme phantom system. The rate of reaction can be controlled and tuned to mimic normal or pathologic conditions of varying degree. Variations observed in the use of this phantom compare favorably against within-group variations observed in recent animal studies. This novel phantom system provides crucial capabilities as a reference standard for the optimization, comparison, and certification of quantitative imaging strategies for hyperpolarized tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Walker
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jaehyuk Lee
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marc S. Ramirez
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dawid Schellingerhout
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Steven Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - James A. Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Witte C, Schröder L. NMR of hyperpolarised probes. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:788-802. [PMID: 23033215 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the sensitivity of NMR experiments is an ongoing field of research to help realise the exquisite molecular specificity of this technique. Hyperpolarisation of various nuclei is a powerful approach that enables the use of NMR for molecular and cellular imaging. Substantial progress has been achieved over recent years in terms of both tracer preparation and detection schemes. This review summarises recent developments in probe design and optimised signal encoding, and promising results in sensitive disease detection and efficient therapeutic monitoring. The different methods have great potential to provide molecular specificity not available by other diagnostic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Witte
- ERC Project BiosensorImaging, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
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Hurd RE, Yen YF, Chen A, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH. Hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging using dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 36:1314-28. [PMID: 23165733 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the basic physics of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dissolution-DNP), and the impact of the resulting highly nonequilibrium spin states, on the physics of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection. The hardware requirements for clinical translation of this technology are also presented. For studies that allow the use of externally administered agents, hyperpolarization offers a way to overcome normal magnetic resonance sensitivity limitations, at least for a brief T(1)-dependent observation window. A 10,000-100,000-fold signal-to-noise advantage provides an avenue for real-time measurement of perfusion, metabolite transport, exchange, and metabolism. The principles behind these measurements, as well as the choice of agent, and progress toward the application of hyperpolarized (13)C metabolic imaging in oncology, cardiology, and neurology are reviewed.
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Menzel MI, Farrell EV, Janich MA, Khegai O, Wiesinger F, Nekolla S, Otto AM, Haase A, Schulte RF, Schwaiger M. Multimodal assessment of in vivo metabolism with hyperpolarized [1-13C]MR spectroscopy and 18F-FDG PET imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma tumor-bearing rats. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1113-9. [PMID: 23596002 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.110825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abnormalities of tumor metabolism can be exploited for molecular imaging. PET imaging of (18)F-FDG is a well-established method using the avid glucose uptake of tumor cells. (13)C MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate and its metabolites, meanwhile, represents a new method to study energy metabolism by visualizing, for example, the augmented lactate dehydrogenase activity in tumor cells. Because of rapid signal loss, this method underlies strict temporal limitations, and the acquisition of data-encoding spatial, temporal, and spectral information within this time frame-is challenging. The object of our study was to compare spectroscopic images with (18)F-FDG PET images for visualizing tumor metabolism in a rat model. METHODS (13)C MRSI with IDEAL (Iterative Decomposition of water and fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least-squares estimation) chemical shift imaging in combination with single-shot spiral acquisition was used to obtain dynamic data from 23 rats bearing a subcutaneous hepatocellular carcinoma and from reference regions of the same animals. Static and dynamic analysis of (18)F-FDG PET images of the same animals was performed. The data were analyzed qualitatively (visual assessment) and quantitatively (magnitude and dynamics of (18)F-FDG uptake, (13)C MRSI dynamics, and physiologic parameters). RESULTS In most animals increased [1-(13)C]lactate signals in the tumor could be detected by simple display of integrated [1-(13)C]lactate images with corresponding enhanced (18)F-FDG uptake. Low [1-(13)C]pyruvate or [1-(13)C]lactate signals did not correlate with histologic or physiologic parameters. Significantly less pyruvate reached the tumors than the gastrointestinal tract, but in tumors a significantly higher amount of pyruvate was converted to lactate and alanine within seconds after intravenous administration. CONCLUSION This study reveals that PET and (13)C MRSI can be used to visualize increased glycolytic flux in malignant tissue. The combination of signals will allow the quantitative dissection of substrate metabolism, with respect to uptake and downstream metabolic pathways. Although hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate increases the sensitivity of MR imaging, signal-to-noise ratio constraints still apply for spatially and temporally resolved (13)C MRSI, emphasizing the need for further MR methodologic development. These first imaging data suggest the feasibility of (13)C MRSI for future clinical use.
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Nelson SJ, Ozhinsky E, Li Y, Park IW, Crane J. Strategies for rapid in vivo 1H and hyperpolarized 13C MR spectroscopic imaging. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2013; 229:187-97. [PMID: 23453759 PMCID: PMC3808990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In vivo MRSI is an important imaging modality that has been shown in numerous research studies to give biologically relevant information for assessing the underlying mechanisms of disease and for monitoring response to therapy. The increasing availability of high field scanners and multichannel radiofrequency coils has provided the opportunity to acquire in vivo data with significant improvements in sensitivity and signal to noise ratio. These capabilities may be used to shorten acquisition time and provide increased coverage. The ability to acquire rapid, volumetric MRSI data is critical for examining heterogeneity in metabolic profiles and for relating serial changes in metabolism within the same individual during the course of the disease. In this review we discuss the implementation of strategies that use alternative k-space sampling trajectories and parallel imaging methods in order to speed up data acquisition. The impact of such methods is demonstrated using three recent examples of how these methods have been applied. These are to the acquisition of robust 3D (1)H MRSI data within 5-10 min at a field strength of 3 T, to obtaining higher sensitivity for (1)H MRSI at 7 T and to using ultrafast volumetric and dynamic (13)C MRSI for monitoring the changes in signals that occur following the injection of hyperpolarized (13)C agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Nelson
- Surbeck Laboratory for Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2330, USA.
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