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Reeve EH, Barnes JN, Moir ME, Walker AE. Impact of arterial stiffness on cerebrovascular function: a review of evidence from humans and preclincal models. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H689-H704. [PMID: 38214904 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00592.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
With advancing age, the cerebral vasculature becomes dysfunctional, and this dysfunction is associated with cognitive decline. However, the initiating cause of these age-related cerebrovascular impairments remains incompletely understood. A characteristic feature of the aging vasculature is the increase in stiffness of the large elastic arteries. This increase in arterial stiffness is associated with elevated pulse pressure and blood flow pulsatility in the cerebral vasculature. Evidence from both humans and rodents supports that increases in large elastic artery stiffness are associated with cerebrovascular impairments. These impacts on cerebrovascular function are wide-ranging and include reductions in global and regional cerebral blood flow, cerebral small vessel disease, endothelial cell dysfunction, and impaired perivascular clearance. Furthermore, recent findings suggest that the relationship between arterial stiffness and cerebrovascular function may be influenced by genetics, specifically APOE and NOTCH genotypes. Given the strength of the evidence that age-related increases in arterial stiffness have deleterious impacts on the brain, interventions that target arterial stiffness are needed. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence from human and rodent studies, supporting the role of increased arterial stiffness in age-related cerebrovascular impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Reeve
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Jill N Barnes
- Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - M Erin Moir
- Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ashley E Walker
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
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2
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Dong H, Ferruzzi J, Liu M, Brewster LP, Leshnower BG, Gleason RL. Effect of Aging, Sex, and Gene (Fbln5) on Arterial Stiffness of Mice: 20 Weeks Adult Fbln5-knockout Mice Have Older Arteries than 100 Weeks Wild-Type Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542920. [PMID: 37398425 PMCID: PMC10312538 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The arterial stiffening is a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular risk and has been used to characterize the biological age of arteries ('arterial age'). Here we revealed that the Fbln5 gene knockout (Fbln5 -/- ) significantly increases the arterial stiffening for both male and female mice. We also showed that the arterial stiffening increases with natural aging, but the stiffening effect of Fbln5 -/- is much more severe than aging. The arterial stiffening of 20 weeks old mice with Fbln5 -/- is much higher than that at 100 weeks in wild-type (Fbln5 +/+ ) mice, which indicates that 20 weeks mice (equivalent to ∼26 years old humans) with Fbln5 -/- have older arteries than 100 weeks wild-type mice (equivalent to ∼77 years humans). Histological microstructure changes of elastic fibers in the arterial tissue elucidate the underlying mechanism of the increase of arterial stiffening due to Fbln5-knockout and aging. These findings provide new insights to reverse 'arterial age' due to abnormal mutations of Fbln5 gene and natural aging. This work is based on a total of 128 biaxial testing samples of mouse arteries and our recently developed unified-fiber-distribution (UFD) model. The UFD model considers the fibers in the arterial tissue as a unified distribution, which is more physically consistent with the real fiber distribution of arterial tissues than the popular fiber-family-based models (e.g., the well-know Gasser-Ogden-Holzapfel [GOH] model) that separate the fiber distribution into several fiber families. Thus, the UFD model achieves better accuracies with less material parameters. To our best knowledge, the UFD model is the only existing accurate model that could capture the property/stiffness differences between different groups of the experimental data discussed here.
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Reeve EH, Kronquist EK, Wolf JR, Lee B, Khurana A, Pham H, Cullen AE, Peterson JA, Meza A, Colton Bramwell R, Villasana L, Machin DR, Henson GD, Walker AE. Pyridoxamine treatment ameliorates large artery stiffening and cerebral artery endothelial dysfunction in old mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:281-295. [PMID: 36189840 PMCID: PMC9903220 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221130124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Age-related increases in large artery stiffness are associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Pyridoxamine treatment prevents large artery stiffening with advancing age, but the effects of pyridoxamine treatment on the cerebral vasculature or cognition is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pyridoxamine on blood pressure, large artery stiffness, cerebral artery function, and cognitive function in old mice. Old male C57BL/6 mice consumed either pyridoxamine (2 g/L) or vehicle control in drinking water for ∼7.5 months and were compared with young male C57BL/6 mice. From pre- to post-treatment, systolic blood pressure increased in old control mice, but was maintained in pyridoxamine treated mice. Large artery stiffness decreased in pyridoxamine-treated mice but was unaffected in control mice. Pyridoxamine-treated mice had greater cerebral artery endothelium-dependent dilation compared with old control mice, and not different from young mice. Old control mice had impaired cognitive function; however, pyridoxamine only partially preserved cognitive function in old mice. In summary, pyridoxamine treatment in old mice prevented age-related increases in blood pressure, reduced large artery stiffness, preserved cerebral artery endothelial function, and partially preserved cognitive function. Taken together, these results suggest that pyridoxamine treatment may limit vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Reeve
- Department of Human Physiology, 3265, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Elise K Kronquist
- Department of Human Physiology, 3265, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Julia R Wolf
- Department of Human Physiology, 3265, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Byron Lee
- Department of Human Physiology, 3265, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Aleena Khurana
- Department of Human Physiology, 3265, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Hanson Pham
- Department of Human Physiology, 3265, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Abigail E Cullen
- Department of Human Physiology, 3265, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Jessica A Peterson
- Department of Human Physiology, 3265, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Antonio Meza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - R Colton Bramwell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Daniel R Machin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, 7823, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Grant D Henson
- Department of Human Physiology, 3265, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Ashley E Walker
- Department of Human Physiology, 3265, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Gogulamudi VR, Machin DR, Henson GD, Lim J, Bramwell RC, Durrant JR, Donato AJ, Lesniewski LA. Sirt1 overexpression attenuates Western-style diet-induced aortic stiffening in mice. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15284. [PMID: 35561022 PMCID: PMC9101596 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased arterial stiffness is a cardiovascular disease risk factor in the setting of advancing age and Western diet (WD) induced obesity. Increases in large artery stiffness, as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV), occur within 8 weeks of WD feeding in mice. Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1), a NAD-dependent deacetylase, regulates cellular metabolic activity and activation of this protein has been associated with vasoprotection in aged mice. The aim of the study was to elucidate the effect of global Sirt1 overexpression (Sirttg ) on WD-induced arterial stiffening. Sirt1 overexpression did not influence PWV in normal chow (NC) fed mice. However, PWV was higher in wild-type (WT) mice (p < 0.04), but not in Sirttg mice, after 12 weeks of WD and this effect was independent of changes in blood pressure or the passive pressure diameter relation in the carotid artery. Overexpression of Sirt1 was associated with lower collagen and higher elastin mRNA expression in the aorta of WD fed mice (both p < 0.05). Although MMP2 and MMP3 mRNA were both upregulated in WT mice after WD (both p < 0.05), this effect was reversed in Sirttg mice compared to WT mice fed WD (both p < 0.05). Surprisingly, histologically assessed collagen and elastin quality were unchanged in the aortas of WT or Sirttg mice after WD. However, Sirttg mice were protected from WD-induced glucose intolerance, although there was no difference in insulin tolerance between groups. These findings demonstrate a vasoprotective effect of Sirt1 overexpression that limits the increase in arterial stiffness in response to consumption of a WD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel R. Machin
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Grant D. Henson
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Jisok Lim
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | | | - Anthony J. Donato
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical CenterVeteran’s Affairs Medical CenterSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Lisa A. Lesniewski
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical CenterVeteran’s Affairs Medical CenterSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
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5
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Diaz-Canestro C, Puspitasari YM, Liberale L, Guzik TJ, Flammer AJ, Bonetti NR, Wüst P, Costantino S, Paneni F, Akhmedov A, Varga Z, Ministrini S, Beer JH, Ruschitzka F, Hermann M, Lüscher TF, Sudano I, Camici GG. MMP-2 knockdown blunts age-dependent carotid stiffness by decreasing elastin degradation and augmenting eNOS activation. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2385-2396. [PMID: 34586381 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Arterial stiffness is a hallmark of vascular aging that precedes and strongly predicts the development of cardiovascular diseases. Age-dependent stiffening of large elastic arteries is primarily attributed to increased levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). However, the mechanistic link between age-dependent arterial stiffness and MMP-2 remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of MMP-2 knockdown using small interfering RNA (siRNA) on age-dependent arterial stiffness. METHODS AND RESULTS Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was assessed in right carotid artery of wild type (WT) mice from different age groups. MMP-2 levels in the carotid artery and plasma of young (3 months) and old (20-25 months) WT mice were determined. Carotid PWV as well as vascular and circulating MMP-2 were elevated with increasing age in mice. Old WT mice (18-21-month-old) were treated for 4 weeks with either MMP-2 or scrambled (Scr) siRNA via tail vein injection. Carotid PWV was assessed at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks after start of the treatment. MMP-2 knockdown reduced vascular MMP-2 levels and attenuated age-dependent carotid stiffness. siMMP-2 treated mice showed increased elastin to collagen ratio, lower plasma desmosine (DES), enhanced phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and higher levels of vascular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). An age-dependent increase in direct protein-protein interaction between MMP-2 and eNOS was also observed. Lastly, DES, an elastin breakdown product, was measured in a patient cohort (n = 64, 23-86 years old), where carotid-femoral PWV was also assessed; here, plasma levels of DES directly correlated with age and arterial stiffness. CONCLUSION MMP-2 knockdown attenuates age-dependent carotid stiffness by blunting elastin degradation and augmenting eNOS bioavailability. Given the increasing clinical use of siRNA technology, MMP2 knockdown should be investigated further as a possible strategy to mitigate age-dependent arterial stiffness and related CV diseases. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Arterial stiffness is a hallmark of vascular aging that precedes and strongly predicts the development of cardiovascular diseases. This study provides translational evidence to support a key role for MMP-2 on the development of age-associated arterial stiffness. Silencing of MMP-2 using siRNA technology shows an effect on aged mice where it attenuates age-dependent carotid stiffness by reducing elastin degradation and increasing eNOS bioavailability. Additionally, in humans we show that elastin breakdown increases with age and increased PWV. These findings indicate MMP-2 knockdown as a promising novel strategy to attenuate age-dependent arterial stiffness and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luca Liberale
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Cracow, Poland
| | - Andreas J Flammer
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole R Bonetti
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Wüst
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Akhmedov
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Zsuzsanna Varga
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Ministrini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Internal Medicine, Angiology and Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jürg H Beer
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baden, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hermann
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabella Sudano
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Zimmerman B, Kundu P, Rooney WD, Raber J. The Effect of High Fat Diet on Cerebrovascular Health and Pathology: A Species Comparative Review. Molecules 2021; 26:3406. [PMID: 34199898 PMCID: PMC8200075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In both humans and animal models, consumption of a high-saturated-fat diet has been linked to vascular dysfunction and cognitive impairments. Laboratory animals provide excellent models for more invasive high-fat-diet-related research. However, the physiological differences between humans and common animal models in terms of how they react metabolically to high-fat diets need to be considered. Here, we review the factors that may affect the translatability of mechanistic research in animal models, paying special attention to the effects of a high-fat diet on vascular outcomes. We draw attention to the dissociation between metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in rodents, unlike the state in humans, where the two commonly occur. We also discuss the differential vulnerability between species to the metabolic and vascular effects of macronutrients in the diet. Findings from animal studies are better interpreted as modeling specific aspects of dysfunction. We conclude that the differences between species provide an opportunity to explore why some species are protected from the detrimental aspects of high-fat-diet-induced dysfunction, and to translate these findings into benefits for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Zimmerman
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (B.Z.); (P.K.); (W.D.R.)
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Payel Kundu
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (B.Z.); (P.K.); (W.D.R.)
| | - William D. Rooney
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (B.Z.); (P.K.); (W.D.R.)
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (B.Z.); (P.K.); (W.D.R.)
- Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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7
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Winder NR, Reeve EH, Walker AE. Large artery stiffness and brain health: insights from animal models. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 320:H424-H431. [PMID: 33164578 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00696.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There are no effective treatments available to halt or reverse the progression of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the underlying mechanisms of disease etiology and progression to identify novel therapeutic targets. Age-related changes to the vasculature, particularly increases in stiffness of the large elastic arteries, are now recognized as important contributors to brain aging. There is a growing body of evidence for an association between greater large artery stiffness and cognitive impairment among both healthy older adults and patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, studies in humans are limited to only correlative evidence, whereas animal models allow researchers to explore the causative mechanisms linking arterial stiffness to neurocognitive dysfunction and disease. Recently, several rodent models of direct modulation of large artery stiffness and the consequent effects on the brain have been reported. Common outcomes among these models have emerged, including evidence that greater large artery stiffness causes cerebrovascular dysfunction associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling. The purpose of this mini-review is to highlight the recent findings associating large artery stiffness with deleterious brain outcomes, with a specific focus on causative evidence obtained from animal models. We will also discuss the gaps in knowledge that remain in our understanding of how large artery stiffness affects brain function and disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick R Winder
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Emily H Reeve
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Ashley E Walker
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
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8
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Targeting mitochondrial fitness as a strategy for healthy vascular aging. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1491-1519. [PMID: 32584404 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide and aging is the primary risk factor for CVD. The development of vascular dysfunction, including endothelial dysfunction and stiffening of the large elastic arteries (i.e., the aorta and carotid arteries), contribute importantly to the age-related increase in CVD risk. Vascular aging is driven in large part by oxidative stress, which reduces bioavailability of nitric oxide and promotes alterations in the extracellular matrix. A key upstream driver of vascular oxidative stress is age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction. This review will focus on vascular mitochondria, mitochondrial dysregulation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and discuss current evidence for prevention and treatment of vascular aging via lifestyle and pharmacological strategies that improve mitochondrial health. We will also identify promising areas and important considerations ('research gaps') for future investigation.
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9
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Machin DR, Auduong Y, Gogulamudi VR, Liu Y, Islam MT, Lesniewski LA, Donato AJ. Lifelong SIRT-1 overexpression attenuates large artery stiffening with advancing age. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11314-11324. [PMID: 32564006 PMCID: PMC7343505 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Advanced age is accompanied by aortic stiffening that is associated with decreased vascular expression of sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1). Interventions that increase SIRT-1 expression also lower age-related aortic stiffness. Therefore, we sought to determine if lifelong SIRT-1 overexpression would attenuate age-related aortic stiffening. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was assessed from 3-24 months in SIRT-1 transgenic overexpressing (SIRTTG) and wild-type (WT) mice. To determine the role of aortic structural changes on aortic stiffening, histological assessment of aortic wall characteristics was performed. Across the age range (3-24 mo), PWV was 8-17% lower in SIRTTG vs. WT (P<0.05). Moreover, the slope of age-related aortic stiffening was lower in SIRTTG vs. WT (2.1±0.2 vs. 3.8±0.3 cm/sec/mo, respectively). Aortic elastin decreased with advancing age in WT (P<0.05 old vs. young WT), but was maintained in SIRTTG mice (P>0.05). There was an age-related increase in aortic collagen, advanced glycation end products, and calcification in WT (P<0.05 old vs. young WT). However, this did not occur in SIRTTG (P>0.05). These findings indicate that lifelong SIRT-1 overexpression attenuates age-related aortic stiffening. These functional data are complemented by histological assessment, demonstrating that the deleterious changes to the aortic wall that normally occur with advancing age are prevented in SIRTTG mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Machin
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Yauling Auduong
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | | | - Yu Liu
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Md. Torikul Islam
- University of Utah, Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lisa A. Lesniewski
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- University of Utah, Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- VA Salt Lake City, GRECC, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Anthony J. Donato
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- University of Utah, Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- University of Utah, Department of Biochemistry, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- VA Salt Lake City, GRECC, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
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10
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Gabriela Espinosa M, Catalin Staiculescu M, Kim J, Marin E, Wagenseil JE. Elastic Fibers and Large Artery Mechanics in Animal Models of Development and Disease. J Biomech Eng 2019; 140:2666245. [PMID: 29222533 DOI: 10.1115/1.4038704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of a closed circulatory system requires that large arteries adapt to the mechanical demands of high, pulsatile pressure. Elastin and collagen uniquely address these design criteria in the low and high stress regimes, resulting in a nonlinear mechanical response. Elastin is the core component of elastic fibers, which provide the artery wall with energy storage and recoil. The integrity of the elastic fiber network is affected by component insufficiency or disorganization, leading to an array of vascular pathologies and compromised mechanical behavior. In this review, we discuss how elastic fibers are formed and how they adapt in development and disease. We discuss elastic fiber contributions to arterial mechanical behavior and remodeling. We primarily present data from mouse models with elastic fiber deficiencies, but suggest that alternate small animal models may have unique experimental advantages and the potential to provide new insights. Advanced ultrastructural and biomechanical data are constantly being used to update computational models of arterial mechanics. We discuss the progression from early phenomenological models to microstructurally motivated strain energy functions for both collagen and elastic fiber networks. Although many current models individually account for arterial adaptation, complex geometries, and fluid-solid interactions (FSIs), future models will need to include an even greater number of factors and interactions in the complex system. Among these factors, we identify the need to revisit the role of time dependence and axial growth and remodeling in large artery mechanics, especially in cardiovascular diseases that affect the mechanical integrity of the elastic fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jungsil Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Eric Marin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, , St. Louis, MO 63130 e-mail:
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11
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Di Lascio N, Kusmic C, Rossi C, Solini A, Faita F. Alterations in Carotid Parameters in ApoE-/- Mice Treated with a High-Fat Diet: A Micro-ultrasound Analysis. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:980-988. [PMID: 30712947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Information on the common carotid artery and cerebral microcirculation can be obtained by micro-ultrasound (µUS). The aim of the study described here was to investigate high-fat diet-induced alterations in vascular parameters in ApoE-/- mice. Twenty-two ApoE-/- male mice were examined by µUS and divided into the standard diet (ApoE-/-SD) and high-fat diet (ApoE-/-HF) groups. The µUS examination was repeated after 4 mo (T1). Carotid stiffness, reflection magnitude and reflection index were measured; the amplitudes of the first (W1) and second (W2) local maxima, the local minimum (Wb) and the reflection index (RIWIA = Wb/W1) were assessed with wave intensity analysis. At T1, ApoE-/-HF mice had increased carotid stiffness (1.48 [0.36] vs. 1.88 [0.51]) and reflection magnitude (0.89 [0.07] vs. 0.94 [0.07]) values. Longitudinal comparisons highlighted increases in carotid stiffness for ApoE-/-HF mice (from 1.37 [0.25] to 1.88 [0.51] m/s) but not for ApoE-/-SD mice (from 1.40 [0.62] to 1.48 [0.36] m/s). ApoE-/-HF mice exhibited carotid artery stiffening and increased wave reflections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Di Lascio
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Chiara Rossi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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12
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Tófolo LP, Rinaldi W, Gôngora AB, Matiusso CCI, Pavanello A, Malta A, de Almeida DL, Ribeiro TA, Oliveira AR, Peres MNC, Armitage JA, Mathias PCDF, Palma-Rigo K. Moderate Physical Training Ameliorates Cardiovascular Dysfunction Induced by High Fat Diet After Cessation of Training in Adult Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:170. [PMID: 30930783 PMCID: PMC6423496 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to test whether moderate physical training can induce long-lasting protection against cardiovascular risk factors induced by high fat diet (HFD) intake, even after cessation of training. 90-days-old Wistar rats were submitted to a sedentary lifestyle or moderate physical training, three times a week, for 30 days. Following this, at 120 days-of age, sedentary and trained rats received a hypercaloric diet (HFD) or a commercial diet normal fat diet (NFD) for 30 days. Body weight (BW) and food intake were evaluated weekly. At 150 days-of age, hemodynamic measures (systolic, diastolic, mean blood pressure, pulse pressure, pulse interval and heart rate) were made via an indwelling femoral artery catheter. Beat-to-beat data were analyzed to calculate power spectra of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse interval. After euthanasia, mesenteric fat pads were removed and weighted and total blood was stored for later analysis of lipid profile. Consumption of a HFD increased blood pressure (BP), pulse pressure, low frequency BP variability, BW gain, fat pad stores and induced dyslipidemia. Interestingly, prior physical training was able to partially protect against this rise in BP and body fat stores. Prior physical training did not totally protect against the effects of HFD consumption but previously trained animals did demonstrate resistance to the development of cardiometabolic alterations, which illustrate that the benefits of physical training may be partially maintained even after 30 days of detraining period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laize Peron Tófolo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences of Cacoal, Cacoal, Brazil
| | - Wilson Rinaldi
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Adriane Barreto Gôngora
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina Ianoni Matiusso
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Audrei Pavanello
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Douglas Lopes de Almeida
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Natalia Chimirri Peres
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.,Faculdade Adventista Paranaense, Ivatuba, Brazil
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13
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Walker AE, Breevoort SR, Durrant JR, Liu Y, Machin DR, Dobson PS, Nielson EI, Meza AJ, Islam MT, Donato AJ, Lesniewski LA. The pro-atherogenic response to disturbed blood flow is increased by a western diet, but not by old age. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2925. [PMID: 30814657 PMCID: PMC6393500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherogenic remodeling often occurs at arterial locations with disturbed blood flow (i.e., low or oscillatory) and both aging and western diet (WD) increase the likelihood for pro-atherogenic remodeling. However, it is unknown if old age and/or a WD modify the pro-atherogenic response to disturbed blood flow. We induced disturbed blood flow by partial carotid ligation (PCL) of the left carotid artery in young and old, normal chow (NC) or WD fed male B6D2F1 mice. Three weeks post-PCL, ligated carotid arteries had greater intima media thickness, neointima formation, and macrophage content compared with un-ligated arteries. WD led to greater remodeling and macrophage content in the ligated artery compared with NC mice, but these outcomes were similar between young and old mice. In contrast, nitrotyrosine content, a marker of oxidative stress, did not differ between WD and NC fed mice, but was greater in old compared with young mice in both ligated and un-ligated carotid arteries. In primary vascular smooth muscle cells, aging reduced proliferation, whereas conditioned media from fatty acid treated endothelial cells increased proliferation. Taken together, these findings suggest that the remodeling and pro-inflammatory response to disturbed blood flow is increased by WD, but is not increased by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Walker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. .,Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA.
| | - Sarah R Breevoort
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Yu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Daniel R Machin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Parker S Dobson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elizabeth I Nielson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Antonio J Meza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Md Torikul Islam
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Anthony J Donato
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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14
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Rossman MJ, LaRocca TJ, Martens CR, Seals DR. Healthy lifestyle-based approaches for successful vascular aging. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1888-1900. [PMID: 30212305 PMCID: PMC6842891 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00521.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes a presentation given at the 2016 Gerontological Society of America Annual Meeting as part of the Vascular Aging Workshop. The development of age-related vascular dysfunction increases the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as other chronic age-associated disorders, including chronic kidney disease and Alzheimer's disease. Healthy lifestyle behaviors, most notably regular aerobic exercise and certain dietary patterns, are considered "first-line" strategies for the prevention and/or treatment of vascular dysfunction with aging. Despite the well-established benefits of these strategies, however, many older adults do not meet the recommended guidelines for exercise or consume a healthy diet. Therefore, it is important to establish alternative and/or complementary evidence-based approaches to prevent or reverse age-related vascular dysfunction. Time-efficient forms of exercise training, hormetic exposure to mild environmental stress, fasting "mimicking" dietary paradigms, and nutraceutical/pharmaceutical approaches to favorably modulate cellular and molecular pathways activated by exercise and healthy dietary patterns may hold promise as such alternative approaches. Determining the efficacy of these novel strategies is important to provide alternatives for adults with low adherence to conventional healthy lifestyle practices for healthy vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Christopher R Martens
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder , Boulder, Colorado
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15
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Ogola BO, Zimmerman MA, Clark GL, Abshire CM, Gentry KM, Miller KS, Lindsey SH. New insights into arterial stiffening: does sex matter? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1073-H1087. [PMID: 30028199 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00132.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses sexual dimorphism in arterial stiffening, disease pathology interactions, and the influence of sex on mechanisms and pathways. Arterial stiffness predicts cardiovascular mortality independent of blood pressure. Patients with increased arterial stiffness have a 48% higher risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Like other cardiovascular pathologies, arterial stiffness is sexually dimorphic. Young women have lower stiffness than aged-matched men, but this sex difference reverses during normal aging. Estrogen therapy does not attenuate progressive stiffening in postmenopausal women, indicating that currently prescribed drugs do not confer protection. Although remodeling of large arteries is a protective adaptation to higher wall stress, arterial stiffening increases afterload to the left ventricle and transmits higher pulsatile pressure to smaller arteries and target organs. Moreover, an increase in aortic stiffness may precede or exacerbate hypertension, particularly during aging. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which females are protected from arterial stiffness to provide insight into its mechanisms and, ultimately, therapeutic targets for treating this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benard O Ogola
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Gabrielle L Clark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Caleb M Abshire
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kaylee M Gentry
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kristin S Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sarah H Lindsey
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana
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16
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LaRocca TJ, Martens CR, Seals DR. Nutrition and other lifestyle influences on arterial aging. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 39:106-119. [PMID: 27693830 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As our world's population ages, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) will become an increasingly urgent public health problem. A key antecedent to clinical CVD and many other chronic disorders of aging is age-related arterial dysfunction, characterized by increased arterial stiffness and impaired arterial endothelial function. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that diet and nutrition may favorably modulate these arterial functions with aging, but many important questions remain. In this review, we will summarize the available information on dietary patterns and nutritional factors that have been studied for their potential to reduce arterial stiffness and improve endothelial function with age, with an emphasis on: 1) underlying physiological mechanisms, and 2) emerging areas of research on nutrition and arterial aging that may hold promise for preventing age-related CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Christopher R Martens
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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17
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Lesniewski LA, Seals DR, Walker AE, Henson GD, Blimline MW, Trott DW, Bosshardt GC, LaRocca TJ, Lawson BR, Zigler MC, Donato AJ. Dietary rapamycin supplementation reverses age-related vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress, while modulating nutrient-sensing, cell cycle, and senescence pathways. Aging Cell 2017; 16:17-26. [PMID: 27660040 PMCID: PMC5242306 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR, extends lifespan and reduces age-related disease. It is not known what role mTOR plays in the arterial aging phenotype or if mTOR inhibition by dietary rapamycin ameliorates age-related arterial dysfunction. To explore this, young (3.8 ± 0.6 months) and old (30.3 ± 0.2 months) male B6D2F1 mice were fed a rapamycin supplemented or control diet for 6-8 weeks. Although there were few other notable changes in animal characteristics after rapamycin treatment, we found that glucose tolerance improved in old mice, but was impaired in young mice, after rapamycin supplementation (both P < 0.05). Aging increased mTOR activation in arteries evidenced by elevated S6K phosphorylation (P < 0.01), and this was reversed after rapamycin treatment in old mice (P < 0.05). Aging was also associated with impaired endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) in the carotid artery (P < 0.05). Rapamycin improved EDD in old mice (P < 0.05). Superoxide production and NADPH oxidase expression were higher in arteries from old compared to young mice (P < 0.05), and rapamycin normalized these (P < 0.05) to levels not different from young mice. Scavenging superoxide improved carotid artery EDD in untreated (P < 0.05), but not rapamycin-treated, old mice. While aging increased large artery stiffness evidenced by increased aortic pulse-wave velocity (PWV) (P < 0.01), rapamycin treatment reduced aortic PWV (P < 0.05) and collagen content (P < 0.05) in old mice. Aortic adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and expression of the cell cycle-related proteins PTEN and p27kip were increased with rapamycin treatment in old mice (all P < 0.05). Lastly, aging resulted in augmentation of the arterial senescence marker, p19 (P < 0.05), and this was ameliorated by rapamycin treatment (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate beneficial effects of rapamycin treatment on arterial function in old mice and suggest these improvements are associated with reduced oxidative stress, AMPK activation and increased expression of proteins involved in the control of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Lesniewski
- Division of GeriatricsDepartment of Internal MedicineSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Veteran's Affairs Medical Center‐Salt Lake CityGeriatrics Research Education and Clinical CenterSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Department of Exercise and Sports ScienceUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Douglas R. Seals
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Ashley E. Walker
- Division of GeriatricsDepartment of Internal MedicineSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Grant D. Henson
- Department of Exercise and Sports ScienceUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Mark W. Blimline
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Daniel W. Trott
- Division of GeriatricsDepartment of Internal MedicineSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Gary C. Bosshardt
- Division of GeriatricsDepartment of Internal MedicineSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Thomas J. LaRocca
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Brooke R. Lawson
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Melanie C. Zigler
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Anthony J. Donato
- Division of GeriatricsDepartment of Internal MedicineSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Veteran's Affairs Medical Center‐Salt Lake CityGeriatrics Research Education and Clinical CenterSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Department of Exercise and Sports ScienceUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
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18
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Hazra S, Henson GD, Morgan RG, Breevoort SR, Ives SJ, Richardson RS, Donato AJ, Lesniewski LA. Experimental reduction of miR-92a mimics arterial aging. Exp Gerontol 2016; 83:165-70. [PMID: 27523918 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that are important regulators of aging and cardiovascular diseases. MiR-92a is important in developmental vascular growth and tumorigenesis and two of its putative targets, tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1 (TNFR1) and collagen type 1, play a role in age-related arterial dysfunction. We hypothesized that reduced miR-92a expression contributes to age-related arterial dysfunction characterized by endothelial dysfunction and increased large artery stiffness. MiR-92a is reduced 39% (RT-PCR, p<0.05) in arteries of older adults compared to young adults. Similarly, there was a 40% reduction in miR-92a in aortas of old (29months, n=13) compared to young (6months, n=11) B6D2F1 mice, an established model of vascular aging. To determine if reduced miR-92a contributes to arterial dysfunction; miR-92a was inhibited in vivo in young mice using antagomirs (I.P., 4wks). Antagomir treatment was associated with a concomitant 48% increase in TNFR1 (Western blot, p<0.05), 19% increase in type 1 collagen (immunohistochemistry, p<0.01), and a reduction in endothelial dependent dilation (max dilation: 93±1 vs. 73±5%, p<0.01) in response to acetylcholine (ACh, 10(-9) to 10(-4)M). Treatment with the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (10(-4)M), revealed that impaired ACh dilation after antagomir treatment resulted from reduced NO bioavailability. Inhibition of miR-92a also increased arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, 309±13 vs. 484±52cm/s, p<0.05). Together, these results suggest that experimental reductions in arterial miR-92a partially mimic the arterial aging phenotype and we speculate that modulating miR-92a may provide a therapeutic strategy to improve age-related arterial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugata Hazra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Grant D Henson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - R Garrett Morgan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Sarah R Breevoort
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Stephen J Ives
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Veteran's Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Veteran's Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Anthony J Donato
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Veteran's Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Veteran's Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
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19
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Maedeker JA, Stoka KV, Bhayani SA, Gardner WS, Bennett L, Procknow JD, Staiculescu MC, Walji TA, Craft CS, Wagenseil JE. Hypertension and decreased aortic compliance due to reduced elastin amounts do not increase atherosclerotic plaque accumulation in Ldlr-/- mice. Atherosclerosis 2016; 249:22-9. [PMID: 27062406 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High blood pressure and reduced aortic compliance are associated with increased atherosclerotic plaque accumulation in humans. Animal studies support these associations, but additional factors, such as fragmented elastic fibers, are present in most previous animal studies. Elastin heterozygous (Eln+/-) mice have high blood pressure and reduced aortic compliance, with no evidence of elastic fiber fragmentation and represent an appropriate model to directly investigate the effects of these factors on atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Eln+/- and Eln+/+ mice were crossed with low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Ldlr-/-) and wild-type (Ldlr+/+) mice and fed normal or Western diet (WD) for 16 weeks. We hypothesized that on WD, Eln+/-Ldlr-/- mice with high blood pressure and reduced aortic compliance would have increased atherosclerotic plaque accumulation compared to Eln+/+Ldlr-/- mice. We measured serum cholesterol and cytokine levels, blood pressure, aortic compliance, and plaque accumulation. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that on WD, Eln+/-Ldlr-/- mice do not have increased plaque accumulation compared to Eln+/+Ldlr-/- mice. At the aortic root, there are no significant differences in plaque area between Eln+/-Ldlr-/- and Eln+/+Ldlr-/- mice on WD (p = 0.89), while in the ascending aorta, Eln+/-Ldlr-/- mice on WD have 29% less normalized plaque area than Eln+/+Ldlr-/- mice on WD (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Using an atherogenic mouse model, we conclude that increased blood pressure and reduced aortic compliance are not direct causes of increased aortic plaque accumulation. We propose that additional insults, such as fragmentation of elastic fibers, are necessary to alter plaque accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine A Maedeker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kellie V Stoka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Siddharth A Bhayani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William S Gardner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lisa Bennett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jesse D Procknow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marius C Staiculescu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tezin A Walji
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Clarissa S Craft
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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20
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Walker AE, Henson GD, Reihl KD, Morgan RG, Dobson PS, Nielson EI, Ling J, Mecham RP, Li DY, Lesniewski LA, Donato AJ. Greater impairments in cerebral artery compared with skeletal muscle feed artery endothelial function in a mouse model of increased large artery stiffness. J Physiol 2015; 593:1931-43. [PMID: 25627876 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.285338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Increased large artery stiffness is a hallmark of arterial dysfunction with advancing age and is also present in other disease conditions such as diabetes. Increased large artery stiffness is correlated with resistance artery dysfunction in humans. Using a mouse model of altered arterial elastin content, this is the first study to examine the cause-and-effect relationship between large artery stiffness and peripheral resistance artery function. Our results indicate that mice with genetically greater large artery stiffness have impaired cerebral artery endothelial function, but generally preserved skeletal muscle feed artery endothelial function. The mechanisms for impaired cerebral artery endothelial function are reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and increased oxidative stress. These findings suggest that interventions that target large artery stiffness may be important to reduce disease risk associated with cerebral artery dysfunction in conditions such as advancing age. ABSTRACT Advancing age as well as diseases such as diabetes are characterized by both increased large artery stiffness and impaired peripheral artery function. It has been hypothesized that greater large artery stiffness causes peripheral artery dysfunction; however, a cause-and-effect relationship has not previously been established. We used elastin heterozygote mice (Eln(+/-) ) as a model of increased large artery stiffness without co-morbidities unrelated to the large artery properties. Aortic stiffness, measured by pulse wave velocity, was ∼35% greater in Eln(+/-) mice than in wild-type (Eln(+/+) ) mice (P = 0.04). Endothelium-dependent dilatation (EDD), assessed by the maximal dilatation to acetylcholine, was ∼40% lower in Eln(+/-) than Eln(+/+) mice in the middle cerebral artery (MCA, P < 0.001), but was similar between groups in the gastrocnemius feed arteries (GFA, P = 0.79). In the MCA, EDD did not differ between groups after incubation with the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor N(ω) -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (P > 0.05), indicating that lower NO bioavailability contributed to the impaired EDD in Eln(+/-) mice. Superoxide production and content of the oxidative stress marker nitrotyrosine was higher in MCAs from Eln(+/-) compared with Eln(+/+) mice (P < 0.05). In the MCA, after incubation with the superoxide scavenger TEMPOL, maximal EDD improved by ∼65% in Eln(+/-) (P = 0.002), but was unchanged in Eln(+/+) mice (P = 0.17). These results indicate that greater large artery stiffness has a more profound effect on endothelial function in cerebral arteries compared with skeletal muscle feed arteries. Greater large artery stiffness can cause cerebral artery endothelial dysfunction by reducing NO bioavailability and increasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Walker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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