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Saadaoui M, Faize M, Rifai A, Tayeb K, Omri Ben Youssef N, Kharrat M, Roeckel-Drevet P, Chaar H, Venisse JS. Evaluation of Tunisian wheat endophytes as plant growth promoting bacteria and biological control agents against Fusarium culmorum. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300791. [PMID: 38758965 PMCID: PMC11101125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) applications have emerged as an ideal substitute for synthetic chemicals by their ability to improve plant nutrition and resistance against pathogens. In this study, we isolated fourteen root endophytes from healthy wheat roots cultivated in Tunisia. The isolates were identified based from their 16S rRNA gene sequences. They belonged to Bacillota and Pseudomonadota taxa. Fourteen strains were tested for their growth-promoting and defense-eliciting potentials on durum wheat under greenhouse conditions, and for their in vitro biocontrol power against Fusarium culmorum, an ascomycete responsible for seedling blight, foot and root rot, and head blight diseases of wheat. We found that all the strains improved shoot and/or root biomass accumulation, with Bacillus mojavensis, Paenibacillus peoriae and Variovorax paradoxus showing the strongest promoting effects. These physiological effects were correlated with the plant growth-promoting traits of the bacterial endophytes, which produced indole-related compounds, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and solubilized phosphate and zinc. Likewise, plant defense accumulations were modulated lastingly and systematically in roots and leaves by all the strains. Testing in vitro antagonism against F. culmorum revealed an inhibition activity exceeding 40% for five strains: Bacillus cereus, Paenibacillus peoriae, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Pantoae agglomerans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These strains exhibited significant inhibitory effects on F. culmorum mycelia growth, sporulation, and/or macroconidia germination. P. peoriae performed best, with total inhibition of sporulation and macroconidia germination. These finding highlight the effectiveness of root bacterial endophytes in promoting plant growth and resistance, and in controlling phytopathogens such as F. culmorum. This is the first report identifying 14 bacterial candidates as potential agents for the control of F. culmorum, of which Paenibacillus peoriae and/or its intracellular metabolites have potential for development as biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouadh Saadaoui
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire Farhat Hached, Tunis, Tunisia
- Field Crops Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural Research of Tunisia, Tunisia, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Faize
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization CNRST-URL10, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Aicha Rifai
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization CNRST-URL10, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Koussa Tayeb
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization CNRST-URL10, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Noura Omri Ben Youssef
- Field Crops Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural Research of Tunisia, Tunisia, Tunisia
- National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Kharrat
- Field Crops Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural Research of Tunisia, Tunisia, Tunisia
| | | | - Hatem Chaar
- Field Crops Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural Research of Tunisia, Tunisia, Tunisia
- National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
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Yörük E, Danışman Z, Pekmez M, Yli-Mattila T. Cumin Seed Oil Induces Oxidative Stress-Based Antifungal Activities on Fusarium graminearum. Pathogens 2024; 13:395. [PMID: 38787247 PMCID: PMC11123720 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antifungal activity of cumin seed oil (CSO) was tested on Fusarium graminearum. (i) Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and related concentrations (IC75, IC50, and IC25) were detected; (ii) toxicity was evaluated by a water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 (WST-1) assay; (iii) genomic/epigenomic alterations were evaluated by the coupled restriction enzyme digestion-random amplification (CRED-RA) method; (iv) oxidative stress was investigated by CAT expression, catalase activity, and DCF-DA staining; (v) deoxynivalenol biosynthesis was evaluated by tri6 expression; (vi) and potential effects of CSO on wheat were tested by a water loss rate (WLR) assay. MIC, IC75, IC50 and IC25 values were detected at 0.5, 0.375, 0.25, and 0.125 mg mL-1. In WST-1 assays, significant decreases (p < 0.001) were detected. Genomic template stability (GTS) related to methylation differences ranged from 94.60% to 96.30%. Percentage polymorphism for HapII/MspI values were as 9.1%/15.8%. CAT (oxidative stress-related catalase) and tri6 (zinc finger motif transcription factor) gene expressions were recorded between 5.29 ± 0.74 and 0.46 ± 0.10 (p < 0.05). Increased catalase activity was detected (p < 0.05) by spectrophotometric assays. DCF-DA-stained (oxidative stressed) cells were increased in response to increased concentrations, and there were no significant changes in WLR values. It was concluded that CSO showed strong antifungal activity on F. graminearum via different physiological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Yörük
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Cevizlibag, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
| | - Zeynep Danışman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Cevizlibag, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
- Programme of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, Istanbul 34116, Turkey;
| | - Murat Pekmez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul 34134, Turkey;
| | - Tapani Yli-Mattila
- Department of Life Technologies/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
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Tong Z, Meng D, Zhang W, Jin L, Yi X, Dong X, Sun M, Chu Y, Duan J. Mechanism Insights into the Enantioselective Bioactivity and Fumonisin Biosynthesis of Mefentrifluconazole to Fusarium verticillioides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38607803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence of maize ear rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides (F. verticillioides) poses a threat to the yield and quality of maize. Mefentrifluconazole enantiomers appear to have strong stereoselective activity against F. verticillioides and cause differences in fumonisin production. We evaluated the stereoselective activity of mefentrifluconazole enantiomers by determining inhibition of the strain, hyphae, and conidia. Strain inhibition by R-(-)-mefentrifluconazole was 241 times higher than S-(+)-mefentrifluconazole and 376 times higher in conidia inhibition. For the mechanism of the enantioselective bioactivity, R-mefentrifluconazole had stronger binding to proteins than S-(+)-mefentrifluconazole. Under several concentration conditions, the fumonisin concentration was 1.3-24.9-fold higher in the R-(-)-mefentrifluconazole treatment than in the S-(+)-mefentrifluconazole treatment. The R-enantiomer stimulated fumonisin despite a higher bioactivity. As the incubation time increased, the stimulation of the enantiomers on fumonisin production decreased. R-(-)-Mefentrifluconazole stimulated higher fumonisin production in F. verticillioides at 25 °C compared to 30 °C. This study established a foundation for the development of high-efficiency and low-risk pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Tong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pesticide Resistance Management on Grain and Vegetable Pests, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - DanDan Meng
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pesticide Resistance Management on Grain and Vegetable Pests, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - WenYu Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pesticide Resistance Management on Grain and Vegetable Pests, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pesticide Resistance Management on Grain and Vegetable Pests, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - XiaoTong Yi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pesticide Resistance Management on Grain and Vegetable Pests, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xu Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pesticide Resistance Management on Grain and Vegetable Pests, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - MingNa Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pesticide Resistance Management on Grain and Vegetable Pests, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yue Chu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pesticide Resistance Management on Grain and Vegetable Pests, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - JinSheng Duan
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pesticide Resistance Management on Grain and Vegetable Pests, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
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Bugingo C, Brelsford M, Burrows M. Fungicide Sensitivity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis and Fusarium acuminatum Affecting Lentil in the Northern Great Plains. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:286-290. [PMID: 37606958 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1440-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis and F. acuminatum cause wilting and root rot in pulse crops including lentil. Fungicide seed treatments are widely used, but information about Fusarium spp. sensitivity in lentils is limited. Here, 30 F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis and 30 F. acuminatum isolates from Montana, southern Canada, North Dakota, and Washington were identified, tested for pathogenicity, and assayed for in vitro sensitivity to pyraclostrobin, prothioconazole, ipconazole, and thiophanate-methyl. F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis and F. acuminatum differed in their sensitivity to all fungicides. No resistant isolates were identified, but F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis had lower EC50 values in pyraclostrobin (averaging 0.47 μg a.i./ml) than F. acuminatum (averaging 0.89 μg a.i./ml) for mycelia assays. Both species had lower EC50 values in prothioconazole, averaging EC50 0.23 in F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis and 0.53 μg a.i./ml in F. acuminatum. F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis isolates had the lowest EC50 values on ipconazole compared to F. acuminatum (0.78 and 1.49 μg a.i./ml). The pathogens were least sensitive to thiophanate-methyl (1.74 μg a.i./ml for F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis and 1.91 μg a.i./ml for F. acuminatum). Overall sensitivity to the fungicides was higher in F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis than F. acuminatum. This study provides reference EC50 values while pointing to the possibility of differential fungicide efficacies on Fusarium spp. This will be helpful to monitor shifts in sensitivity of Fusarium spp. and devise robust root rot/wilt management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Brelsford
- Plant Science and Plant Pathology Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
| | - Mary Burrows
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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Zhang N, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Zhao L, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Li Z, Yang W. Detection of fungicide resistance to fludioxonil and tebuconazole in Fusarium pseudograminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium crown rot in wheat. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14705. [PMID: 36721780 PMCID: PMC9884474 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium crown rot (FCR) on wheat is a soil-borne disease that affects the yield and quality of the produce. In 2020, 297 Fusarium pseudograminearum isolates were isolated from diseased FCR wheat samples from eight regional areas across Hebei Province in China. Baseline sensitivity of F. pseudograminearum to fludioxonil (0.0613 ± 0.0347 μg/mL) and tebuconazole (0.2328 ± 0.0840 μg/mL) were constructed based on the in vitro tests of 71 and 83 isolates, respectively. The resistance index analysis showed no resistance isolate to fludioxonil but two low-resistance isolates to tebuconazole in 2020. There was an increased frequency of resistant isolates from 2021 to 2022 based on the baseline sensitivity for tebuconazole. There was no cross-resistance between fludioxonil and tebuconazole. This study provides a significant theoretical and practical basis for monitoring the resistance of F. pseudograminearum to fungicides, especially the control of FCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultrual University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yiying Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultrual University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Shangqiu Institute of Technology, Shangqiu, Henan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultrual University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Le Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultrual University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultrual University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yanhui Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultrual University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultrual University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Wenxiang Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultrual University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Environmentally Friendly Wheat Farming: Biological and Economic Efficiency of Three Treatments to Control Fungal Diseases in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Field Conditions. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121566. [PMID: 35736716 PMCID: PMC9228977 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The control of wheat diseases using bioagents is not well studied under field conditions. The present study was aimed at investigating, during four consecutive growing seasons (2017–2020), the efficacy of two integrated crop protection (ICP) systems to control the common wheat diseases for enhancing the productivity and profitability of winter wheat crops and ensuring nutritional and food security. Two environmental-friendly treatments were tested, biological (T1), which contained bioagents and fertilizers, and combined (T2), which included fertilizers and bioagents coupled with lower doses of fungicides. The chemical treatment (T3) was used for comparison with (T1) and (T2). Furthermore, two Russian winter wheat varieties (Nemchinovskaya 17 (V1) and Moscovskaya 40 (V2)) were studied. A randomized complete block design was used with four replicates. Diseases infestation rates for snow mold (SM), root rot (RR), powdery mildew (PM), and Fusarium (Fus), yield performances, and grain quality (measured through protein content) were determined according to the tested treatments, and the economic efficiency was calculated for each treatment. The combined treatment (T2) was the most effective against fungal diseases with 1.8% (SM), 1.2% (RR), 0.9% (PM), and 0.9% (Fus). The highest grain yield (6.8 t·ha−1), protein content (15.2%), and 1000-grain weight (43.7%) were observed for winter wheat variety Moscovskaya 40 with the combined treatment (T2). The highest number of productive stems (N.P.S) (556 stems/m2) was attained for combined treatment (T2), followed by biological treatment (T1) (552 stems/m2) with the variety Nemchinovskaya 17. The profitability (cost–benefit ratio) of the combined treatment (T2) was 2.38 with the Moscovskaya 40 variety (V2), while 2.03 was recorded for the biological treatment. Applying environmentally friendly combined and biological treatments resulted in high wheat yield and net income, as well as healthy products.
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Morphological and molecular characteristics of fungal species associated with crown rot of strawberry in South Korea. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:51-62. [PMID: 34731370 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crown and root rot is the most important and destructive strawberry diseases in Korea as it causes substantial economic loss. In August 2020, a severe outbreak of crown and root rot on strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) was observed in the greenhouse at Sangju, South Korea. Infected plantlets displayed browning rot within the crown and root, stunted growth, and poor rooting. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty fungal isolates were obtained from the affected plantlet. Isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and pathogenicity test as well as sequence data obtained from internal transcribed spacer, large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid, translation elongation factor, and RNA polymerase II-second largest subunit. Results showed that the crown and root rot of strawberry in Korea was caused by three distinct fungal species: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, F. solani, and Plectosphaerella cucumerina. To the best of our knowledge, F. solani, and P. cucumerina are reported for the first time as the causal agents of the crown and root rot of strawberry in South Korea. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that these isolates are pathogenic to strawberry. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the composition and biology of the pathogen population will be helpful to provide effective control strategies for the disease.
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Bezerra GDA, Chaibub AA, Oliveira MIDS, Mizubuti ESG, Filippi MCCD. Evidence of Pyricularia oryzae adaptability to tricyclazole. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:869-876. [PMID: 34459365 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1971913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyricularia oryzae is the etiological agent of rice blast, the most destructive disease in rice crops and chemical control based on fungicide is the main method used in its management. The aim of this study was characterize pathogenicity and identify P. oryzae isolates adapted to tricyclazole. P. oryzae monosporic isolates were collected in the state of Tocantins and inoculated in international differentiating series of rice cultivars for determination of pathotypes. After, the same isolates were inoculated in the rice cultivar IRGA 424 to evaluate resistance to fungicide Bim® 750 BR (Tricyclazole - 250 g/ha) that was applied 24 and 48 hours after pathogen inoculation (hai). Leaf blast severity and infection efficiency were evaluated 9 days after inoculation (dai), latency period (2 dai) and sporulation intensity (7 dai). Nine different pathotypes were identified, predominantly as IA group. The latent period of isolates occurred between from 48 to 120 h. The application of tricyclazole, 24 hai reduced disease severity with the exception of the isolate Py 7.1. The great variability of the pathogen allowed for adaptation to this molecule and can increase its aggressiveness and should be considered to guide the integrated management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduardo Seiti Gomide Mizubuti
- Phytopathogen Population Biology Laboratory - BioPop, Department of Phytopathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Palacios SA, Del Canto A, Erazo J, Torres AM. Fusarium cerealis causing Fusarium head blight of durum wheat and its associated mycotoxins. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 346:109161. [PMID: 33773354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a very important fungal disease that affects small grain cereals worldwide. This disease not only causes yield loses but also crops contamination with mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV). Species within the Fusarium graminearum species complex have been described as the main causal agents of this disease, however lately there have been few reports of Fusarium cerealis causing the disease in wheat and barley in different parts of the world. This study evaluated the aggressiveness of F. cerealis to durum wheat cultivars and also mycotoxin production in planta. Moreover, the mycotoxin profile of F. cerealis strains was characterized molecularly and chemically. All durum wheat cultivars showed typical FHB symptoms but the disease severity varied among them in levels up to 66%. In addition, seventeen different compounds were detected in the infected heads including DON, NIV and nivalenol-3-β-d-glucose (NIV3G). NIV was detected in all cultivars and was the most produced mycotoxin with levels ranging from 1.04 to 6.8 mg/kg. On the other hand, the molecular analysis of F. cerealis strains showed that all of them possessed NIV genotype while the chemical assessment showed that the strains were able to produce not only this toxin in vitro but also DON, zearalenone and other twenty-one secondary metabolites. The increasing incidence of F. cerealis and the possible contamination of crops with the mycotoxins that it produces are of great concern for food security and world cereal trade since it has been reported that NIV is more toxic for humans and animals than DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Palacios
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology (IMICO), National Scientific and Technical Research Council - Argentina (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A Del Canto
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology (IMICO), National Scientific and Technical Research Council - Argentina (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J Erazo
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology (IMICO), National Scientific and Technical Research Council - Argentina (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A M Torres
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology (IMICO), National Scientific and Technical Research Council - Argentina (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Tini F, Beccari G, Onofri A, Ciavatta E, Gardiner DM, Covarelli L. Fungicides may have differential efficacies towards the main causal agents of Fusarium head blight of wheat. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3738-3748. [PMID: 32430980 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a complex disease of wheat and barley caused by several Fusarium species. In recent years, a variation in the composition of the FHB community has been observed in several wheat cultivation areas across the world. In detail, F. avenaceum and F. poae increased their frequencies, while, a lower F. graminearum and F. culmorum incidence was simultaneously observed. These shifts within the FHB complex might have been caused by different factors, including the selective pressure caused by fungicides used to control the disease in the field. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate, both in in vitro experiments and in field trials, the activity of commonly used fungicides of wheat (tebuconazole, metconazole, prothioconazole and prochloraz) towards the above mentioned four Fusarium species. RESULTS A preliminary in vitro assay revealed that low concentrations of all tested fungicides caused the incomplete reduction of fungal development. Furthermore, F. poae and F. avenaceum showed, at the same time, a lower sensitivity to all tested fungicides. In field trials, all fungicides showed an activity against the four Fusarium species. However, F. avenaceum exhibited a reduced sensitivity to metconazole. The lower efficacy of metconazole towards F. avenaceum was also confirmed by an additional in vitro experiment on several F. avenaceum and F. graminearum different strains. CONCLUSION The selective pressure exerted by the extensive use of certain fungicides may influence population dynamics of Fusarium species due to their different sensitivity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Beccari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Onofri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emiliano Ciavatta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Donald M Gardiner
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Covarelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Odintsova T, Shcherbakova L, Slezina M, Pasechnik T, Kartabaeva B, Istomina E, Dzhavakhiya V. Hevein-Like Antimicrobial Peptides Wamps: Structure-Function Relationship in Antifungal Activity and Sensitization of Plant Pathogenic Fungi to Tebuconazole by WAMP-2-Derived Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7912. [PMID: 33114433 PMCID: PMC7662308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Keywords: hevein-like antimicrobial peptides; antifungal activity; antifungal determinants; synergy; chemosensitization; tebuconazole; plant pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Odintsova
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (E.I.)
| | - Larisa Shcherbakova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (T.P.); (B.K.)
| | - Marina Slezina
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (E.I.)
| | - Tatyana Pasechnik
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (T.P.); (B.K.)
| | - Bakhyt Kartabaeva
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (T.P.); (B.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Istomina
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (E.I.)
| | - Vitaly Dzhavakhiya
- Department of Molecular Biology, All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia;
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Wang Y, Xu C, Wang D, Weng H, Yang G, Guo D, Yu R, Wang X, Wang Q. Combined toxic effects of fludioxonil and triadimefon on embryonic development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114105. [PMID: 32041085 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides scarcely exist as individual compounds in the water ecosystem, but rather as mixtures of multiple chemicals at relatively low concentrations. In this study, we aimed to explore the mixture toxic effects of fludioxonil (FLU) and triadimefon (TRI) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) by employing different toxicological endpoints. Results revealed that the 96-h LC50 values of FLU to D. rerio at multiple developmental stages ranged from 0.055 (0.039-0.086) to 0.61 (0.33-0.83) mg L-1, which were less than those of TRI ranging from 3.08 (1.84-5.96) to 9.75 (5.99-14.78) mg L-1. Mixtures of FLU and TRI exerted synergistic effects on embryonic zebrafish. Activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) were markedly altered in most of the individual and pesticide mixture treatments compared with the control. The expressions of 16 genes involved in oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis, immune system and endocrine system displayed that embryonic zebrafish were affected by the individual pesticides and their mixtures, and greater variations of four genes (ERɑ, Tnf, IL and bax) were found when exposed to pesticide mixtures compared with their individual compounds. Therefore, more studies on mixture toxicities among different pesticides should be taken as a priority when evaluating their ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongbiao Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongmei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruixian Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
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Hawkins NJ, Fraaije BA. Fitness Penalties in the Evolution of Fungicide Resistance. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 56:339-360. [PMID: 29958074 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-050012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of resistance poses an ongoing threat to crop protection. Fungicide resistance provides a selective advantage under fungicide selection, but resistance-conferring mutations may also result in fitness penalties, resulting in an evolutionary trade-off. These penalties may result from the functional constraints of an evolving target site or from the resource allocation costs of overexpression or active transport. The extent to which such fitness penalties are present has important implications for resistance management strategies, determining whether resistance persists or declines between treatments, and for resistance risk assessments for new modes of action. Experimental results have proven variable, depending on factors such as temperature, nutrient status, osmotic or oxidative stress, and pathogen life-cycle stage. Functional genetics tools allow pathogen genetic background to be controlled, but this in turn raises the question of epistatic interactions. Combining fitness penalties under various conditions into a field-realistic scenario poses an important future challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Hawkins
- Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;
| | - B A Fraaije
- Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;
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Hellin P, King R, Urban M, Hammond-Kosack KE, Legrève A. The adaptation of Fusarium culmorum to DMI Fungicides Is Mediated by Major Transcriptome Modifications in Response to Azole Fungicide, Including the Overexpression of a PDR Transporter (FcABC1). Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1385. [PMID: 29997598 PMCID: PMC6028722 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium culmorum is a fungal pathogen causing economically important diseases on a variety of crops. Fungicides can be applied to control this species with triazoles being the most efficient molecules. F. culmorum strains resistant to these molecules have been reported, but the underlying resistance mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, a tebuconazole-adapted F. culmorum strain was developed with a level of fitness similar to its parental strain. The adapted strain showed cross-resistance to all demethylation inhibitors (DMIs), but not to other classes of fungicides tested. RNA-Seq analysis revealed high transcriptomic differences between the resistant strain and its parental strain after tebuconazole treatment. Among these changes, FcABC1 (FCUL_06717), a pleiotropic drug resistance transporter, had a 30-fold higher expression level upon tebuconazole treatment in the adapted strains as compared to the wild-type strain. The implication of this transporter in triazole resistance was subsequently confirmed in field strains harboring distinct levels of sensitivity to triazoles. FcABC1 is present in other species/genera, including F. graminearum in which it is known to be necessary for azole resistance. No difference in FcABC1 sequences, including the surrounding regions, were found when comparing the resistant strain to the wild-type strain. Fusarium culmorum is therefore capable to adapt to triazole pressure by overexpressing a drug resistance transporter when submitted to triazoles and the same mechanism is anticipated to occur in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Hellin
- Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Phytopathology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Robert King
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Urban
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Kim E. Hammond-Kosack
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Legrève
- Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Phytopathology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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