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Yamazoe H. Multifunctional Micromachines Constructed by Combining Multiple Protein-Based Components with Different Functions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59145-59154. [PMID: 38078429 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Untethered mobile micromachines have considerable potential to realize more effective and minimally invasive medicine. Although diverse medical micromachines have been reported over the past few decades, these machines were developed for performing only specific tasks and the functions imparted to them were limited to a few. Hence, the methodologies for imparting a wide variety of functions to machines have not been fully explored. In this study, a novel construction strategy for the multifunctional micromachines is presented, where a specific function can be added to the machine in one step by directly combining the protein-based component, possessing the biological function of constituent proteins, to an arbitrary position of the machine by using an inkjet printing technique. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, various types of machines were constructed by combining multiple components with different functions. These constructed machines successfully performed functions as diverse as enzyme-powered self-propulsion, collection of target objects, including the bilirubin and living cells, enzyme-mediated conversion of substrate molecules to different ones, magnetic guidance, and release of anti-inflammatory drug diapocynin. The study's progressive approach as well as multifunctional and biocompatible machines composed of proteins will profoundly impact the development of intelligent machines equipped with multiplex sophisticated functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Yamazoe
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
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2
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Park D, Lee SJ, Choi DK, Park JW. Therapeutic Agent-Loaded Fibrous Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051522. [PMID: 37242764 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a sophisticated field that involves the integration of various disciplines, such as clinical medicine, material science, and life science, to repair or regenerate damaged tissues and organs. To achieve the successful regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues, it is necessary to fabricate biomimetic scaffolds that provide structural support to the surrounding cells and tissues. Fibrous scaffolds loaded with therapeutic agents have shown considerable potential in tissue engineering. In this comprehensive review, we examine various methods for fabricating bioactive molecule-loaded fibrous scaffolds, including preparation methods for fibrous scaffolds and drug-loading techniques. Additionally, we delved into the recent biomedical applications of these scaffolds, such as tissue regeneration, inhibition of tumor recurrence, and immunomodulation. The aim of this review is to discuss the latest research trends in fibrous scaffold manufacturing methods, materials, drug-loading methods with parameter information, and therapeutic applications with the goal of contributing to the development of new technologies or improvements to existing ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsik Park
- Drug Manufacturing Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Drug Manufacturing Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Choi
- New Drug Development Center (NDDC), Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Woong Park
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
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3
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Lazăr AI, Aghasoleimani K, Semertsidou A, Vyas J, Roșca AL, Ficai D, Ficai A. Graphene-Related Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1092. [PMID: 36985986 PMCID: PMC10051126 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper builds on the context and recent progress on the control, reproducibility, and limitations of using graphene and graphene-related materials (GRMs) in biomedical applications. The review describes the human hazard assessment of GRMs in in vitro and in vivo studies, highlights the composition-structure-activity relationships that cause toxicity for these substances, and identifies the key parameters that determine the activation of their biological effects. GRMs are designed to offer the advantage of facilitating unique biomedical applications that impact different techniques in medicine, especially in neuroscience. Due to the increasing utilization of GRMs, there is a need to comprehensively assess the potential impact of these materials on human health. Various outcomes associated with GRMs, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, beneficial effects on cell proliferation, differentiation rates, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, physical destruction, DNA damage, and inflammatory responses, have led to an increasing interest in these regenerative nanostructured materials. Considering the existence of graphene-related nanomaterials with different physicochemical properties, the materials are expected to exhibit unique modes of interactions with biomolecules, cells, and tissues depending on their size, chemical composition, and hydrophil-to-hydrophobe ratio. Understanding such interactions is crucial from two perspectives, namely, from the perspectives of their toxicity and biological uses. The main aim of this study is to assess and tune the diverse properties that must be considered when planning biomedical applications. These properties include flexibility, transparency, surface chemistry (hydrophil-hydrophobe ratio), thermoelectrical conductibility, loading and release capacity, and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Isabela Lazăr
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1–7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Centre for Micro- and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Centre for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Anna Semertsidou
- Charles River Laboratories, Margate, Manston Road, Kent CT9 4LT, UK
| | - Jahnavi Vyas
- Drug Development Solution, Newmarket road, Ely, CB7 5WW, UK
| | - Alin-Lucian Roșca
- National Centre for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denisa Ficai
- National Centre for Micro- and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Centre for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1–7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anton Ficai
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1–7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Centre for Micro- and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Centre for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov St. 3, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Lin M, Hu Y, An H, Guo T, Gao Y, Peng K, Zhao M, Zhang X, Zhou H. Silk fibroin-based biomaterials for disc tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:749-776. [PMID: 36537344 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01343f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Low back pain is the major cause of disability worldwide, and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the most important causes of low back pain. Currently, there is no method to treat IVDD that can reverse or regenerate intervertebral disc (IVD) tissue, but the recent development of disc tissue engineering (DTE) offers a new means of addressing these disadvantages. Among numerous biomaterials for tissue engineering, silk fibroin (SF) is widely used due to its easy availability and excellent physical/chemical properties. SF is usually used in combination with other materials to construct biological scaffolds or bioactive substance delivery systems, or it can be used alone. The present article first briefly outlines the anatomical and physiological features of IVD, the associated etiology and current treatment modalities of IVDD, and the current status of DTE. Then, it highlights the characteristics of SF biomaterials and their latest research advances in DTE and discusses the prospects and challenges in the application of SF in DTE, with a view to facilitating the clinical process of developing interventions related to IVD-derived low back pain caused by IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoqiang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yicun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Haiying An
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Taowen Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yanbing Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Kaichen Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Meiling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Haiyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
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Bernasconi R, Carniani D, Kim MS, Pané S, Magagnin L. Inkjet-Assisted Electroformation of Magnetically Guidable Water Striders for Interfacial Microfluidic Manipulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:2396-2408. [PMID: 36512696 PMCID: PMC9837820 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gerridae, colloquially called water striders, are a peculiar class of insects characterized by the extraordinary ability to walk on the surface of water bodies. Owing to this capacity, they constitute an ideal source of inspiration for designing untethered microdevices capable of navigating the interface between two fluids. Such steerable micrometric objects can be of great interest for various applications, ranging from the handling of floating objects to the remote control of microreactions and the manipulation of self-assembled monolayers. This paper describes the realization of artificial water striders via an inkjet-assisted electroforming approach. Inkjet deposition patterns the negative mask, which is subsequently filled with different layers of metals through electroforming. One of such layers is the magnetic alloy NiFe, which allows wireless propulsion of the striders by means of externally applied magnetic fields. The magnetic actuation tests prove good maneuverability at the water-air and silicone oil-air interfaces, with superior control over the speed and position of the devices. The surface of the devices is modified to tune its superficial energy in order to maximize buoyancy on these different combinations of fluids. A magnetic field-controlled strider manipulates a droplet and demonstrates collecting oil microdroplets and synthesizing platinum nanoparticles by chemical microreactions. Finally, the remotely operated microrobot could be employed in laboratories as a real avatar of chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bernasconi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Carniani
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131Milano, Italy
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- Multi-Scale
Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and
Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Salvador Pané
- Multi-Scale
Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and
Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Magagnin
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131Milano, Italy
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6
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Yu B, Li Y, Lin Y, Zhu Y, Hao T, Wu Y, Sun Z, Yang X, Xu H. Research progress of natural silk fibroin and the appplication for drug delivery in chemotherapies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1071868. [PMID: 36686706 PMCID: PMC9845586 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1071868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin has been widely used in biological fields due to its biocompatibility, mechanical properties, biodegradability, and safety. Recently, silk fibroin as a drug carrier was developed rapidly and achieved remarkable progress in cancer treatment. The silk fibroin-based delivery system could effectively kill tumor cells without significant side effects and drug resistance. However, few studies have been reported on silk fibroin delivery systems for antitumor therapy. The advancement of silk fibroin-based drug delivery systems research and its applications in cancer therapy are highlighted in this study. The properties, applications, private opinions, and future prospects of silk fibroin carriers are discussed to understand better the development of anti-cancer drug delivery systems, which may also contribute to advancing silk fibroin innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yanli Li
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China,Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou, China
| | - Yuxian Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou People’s Hospital of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated To Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanying Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Teng Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, China,*Correspondence: Xin Yang, ; Hui Xu,
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China,*Correspondence: Xin Yang, ; Hui Xu,
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7
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Composite silk fibroin hydrogel scaffolds for cartilage tissue regeneration. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Porous carbon foam loaded CoSe2 nanoparticles based on inkjet-printing technology as self-supporting electrodes for efficient water splitting. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Microrobots have attracted the attention of scientists owing to their unique features to accomplish tasks in hard-to-reach sites in the human body. Microrobots can be precisely actuated and maneuvered individually or in a swarm for cargo delivery, sampling, surgery, and imaging applications. In addition, microrobots have found applications in the environmental sector (e.g., water treatment). Besides, recent advancements of three-dimensional (3D) printers have enabled the high-resolution fabrication of microrobots with a faster design-production turnaround time for users with limited micromanufacturing skills. Here, the latest end applications of 3D printed microrobots are reviewed (ranging from environmental to biomedical applications) along with a brief discussion over the feasible actuation methods (e.g., on- and off-board), and practical 3D printing technologies for microrobot fabrication. In addition, as a future perspective, we discussed the potential advantages of integration of microrobots with smart materials, and conceivable benefits of implementation of artificial intelligence (AI), as well as physical intelligence (PI). Moreover, in order to facilitate bench-to-bedside translation of microrobots, current challenges impeding clinical translation of microrobots are elaborated, including entry obstacles (e.g., immune system attacks) and cumbersome standard test procedures to ensure biocompatibility. Microbots have attracted attention due to an ability to reach places and perform tasks which are not possible with conventional techniques in a wide range of applications. Here, the authors review the recent work in the field on the fabrication, application and actuation of 3D printed microbots offering a view of the direction of future microbot research.
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3D inkjet printed self-propelled motors for micro-stirring. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 623:96-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Arqué X, Patiño T, Sánchez S. Enzyme-powered micro- and nano-motors: key parameters for an application-oriented design. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9128-9146. [PMID: 36093007 PMCID: PMC9383707 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01806c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature has inspired the creation of artificial micro- and nanomotors that self-propel converting chemical energy into mechanical action. These tiny machines have appeared as promising biomedical tools for treatment and diagnosis and have also been used for environmental, antimicrobial or sensing applications. Among the possible catalytic engines, enzymes have emerged as an alternative to inorganic catalysts due to their biocompatibility and the variety and bioavailability of fuels. Although the field of enzyme-powered micro- and nano-motors has a trajectory of more than a decade, a comprehensive framework on how to rationally design, control and optimize their motion is still missing. With this purpose, herein we performed a thorough bibliographic study on the key parameters governing the propulsion of these enzyme-powered devices, namely the chassis shape, the material composition, the motor size, the enzyme type, the method used to incorporate enzymes, the distribution of the product released, the motion mechanism, the motion media and the technique used for motion detection. In conclusion, from the library of options that each parameter offers there needs to be a rational selection and intelligent design of enzymatic motors based on the specific application envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Arqué
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Tania Patiño
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Barcelona 08010 Spain
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Yamazoe H, Kurinomaru T, Inagaki A. Potential of the Coordinated Actions of Multiple Protein-Based Micromachines for Medical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32927-32936. [PMID: 35822220 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Untethered mobile micromachines hold great promise in the development of effective and minimally invasive therapies. Although diverse medical micromachines for specific applications have been developed over the past few decades, the coordinated action of multiple machines with different functions remains largely unexplored. In this study, we created three types of biocompatible micromachines using proteins and demonstrated the potential of their coordinated action for medical applications. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated neural replacement therapy, in which neuroblastomas were killed by using an anticancer prodrug and the first machine that contains enzymes, enabling the conversion of the prodrug into a cytotoxic drug. Subsequently, a second machine composed of extracellular matrix was placed on the dead cancer cells to provide a suitable environment for cell adhesion, on which embryonic stem (ES) cells and stromal cells that promote neural differentiation of stem cells were attached by using third machines capable of delivering cells to target positions with desired patterns. As a result, neuroblastomas were replaced with novel healthy neurons derived from ES cells by teaming multiple protein-based machines. We believe that this work highlights the potential of heterogeneous machine groups for medical treatment and the utility of highly biocompatible and functional micromachines made from proteins, representing an important step forward in building more sophisticated micromachine-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Yamazoe
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kurinomaru
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Akiko Inagaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
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13
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Silk Fibroin-Based Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092757. [PMID: 35566110 PMCID: PMC9103528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) involves the combination of cells with scaffolding materials and appropriate growth factors in order to regenerate or replace damaged and degenerated tissues and organs. The scaffold materials serve as templates for tissue formation and play a vital role in TE. Among scaffold materials, silk fibroin (SF), a naturally occurring protein, has attracted great attention in TE applications due to its excellent mechanical properties, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and bio-absorbability. SF is usually dissolved in an aqueous solution and can be easily reconstituted into different forms, including films, mats, hydrogels, and sponges, through various fabrication techniques, including spin coating, electrospinning, freeze drying, and supercritical CO2-assisted drying. Furthermore, to facilitate the fabrication of more complex SF-based scaffolds, high-precision techniques such as micro-patterning and bio-printing have been explored in recent years. These processes contribute to the diversity of surface area, mean pore size, porosity, and mechanical properties of different silk fibroin scaffolds and can be used in various TE applications to provide appropriate morphological and mechanical properties. This review introduces the physicochemical and mechanical properties of SF and looks into a range of SF-based scaffolds that have recently been developed. The typical applications of SF-based scaffolds for TE of bone, cartilage, teeth and mandible tissue, cartilage, skeletal muscle, and vascular tissue are highlighted and discussed followed by a discussion of issues to be addressed in future studies.
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14
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Ealla KKR, Veeraraghavan VP, Ravula NR, Durga CS, Ramani P, Sahu V, Poola PK, Patil S, Panta P. Silk Hydrogel for Tissue Engineering: A Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23:467-477. [PMID: 35945843 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM This review aims to explore the importance of silk hydrogel and its potential in tissue engineering (TE). BACKGROUND Tissue engineering is a procedure that incorporates cells into the scaffold materials with suitable growth factors to regenerate injured tissue. For tissue formation in TE, the scaffold material plays a key role. Different forms of silk fibroin (SF), such as films, mats, hydrogels, and sponges, can be easily manufactured when SF is disintegrated into an aqueous solution. High precision procedures such as micropatterning and bioprinting of SF-based scaffolds have been used for enhanced fabrication. REVIEW RESULTS In this narrative review, SF physicochemical and mechanical properties have been presented. We have also discussed SF fabrication techniques like electrospinning, spin coating, freeze-drying, and physiochemical cross-linking. The application of SF-based scaffolds for skeletal, tissue, joint, muscle, epidermal, tissue repair, and tympanic membrane regeneration has also been addressed. CONCLUSION SF has excellent mechanical properties, tunability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and bioresorbability. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Silk hydrogels are an ideal scaffold matrix material that will significantly impact tissue engineering applications, given the rapid scientific advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranti Kiran Reddy Ealla
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, e-mail:
| | | | - Nikitha Reddy Ravula
- Center for Research Development and Sustenance, Malla Reddy Health City, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Pratibha Ramani
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vikas Sahu
- Center for Research Development and Sustenance, Malla Reddy Health City, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashanth Panta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, e-mail:
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15
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Zhu P, Wang L. Microfluidics-Enabled Soft Manufacture of Materials with Tailorable Wettability. Chem Rev 2021; 122:7010-7060. [PMID: 34918913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics and wettability are interrelated and mutually reinforcing fields, experiencing synergistic growth. Surface wettability is paramount in regulating microfluidic flows for processing and manipulating fluids at the microscale. Microfluidics, in turn, has emerged as a versatile platform for tailoring the wettability of materials. We present a critical review on the microfluidics-enabled soft manufacture (MESM) of materials with well-controlled wettability and their multidisciplinary applications. Microfluidics provides a variety of liquid templates for engineering materials with exquisite composition and morphology, laying the foundation for precisely controlling the wettability. Depending on the degree of ordering, liquid templates are divided into individual droplets, one-dimensional (1D) arrays, and two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) assemblies for the modular fabrication of microparticles, microfibers, and monolithic porous materials, respectively. Future exploration of MESM will enrich the diversity of chemical composition and physical structure for wettability control and thus markedly broaden the application horizons across engineering, physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine. This review aims to systematize this emerging yet robust technology, with the hope of aiding the realization of its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingan Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liqiu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Han X, Chang S, Zhang M, Bian X, Li C, Li D. Advances of Hydrogel-Based Bioprinting for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:746564. [PMID: 34660559 PMCID: PMC8511323 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.746564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioprinting has gained immense attention and achieved the revolutionized progress for application in the multifunctional tissue regeneration. On account of the precise structural fabrication and mimicking complexity, hydrogel-based bio-inks are widely adopted for cartilage tissue engineering. Although more and more researchers have reported a number of literatures in this field, many challenges that should be addressed for the development of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting constructs still exist. Herein, this review is mainly focused on the introduction of various natural polymers and synthetic polymers in hydrogel-based bioprinted scaffolds, which are systematically discussed via emphasizing on the fabrication condition, mechanical property, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biological performance for cartilage tissue repair. Further, this review describes the opportunities and challenges of this 3D bioprinting technique to construct complex bio-inks with adjustable mechanical and biological integrity, and meanwhile, the current possible solutions are also conducted for providing some suggestive ideas on developing more advanced bioprinting products from the bench to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiangbing Bian
- The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Aghda NH, Pillai AR, Thakkar R, Nokhodchi A, Maniruzzaman M. Emerging 3D printing technologies for drug delivery devices: Current status and future perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:294-316. [PMID: 33895212 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The 'one-size-fits-all' approach followed by conventional drug delivery platforms often restricts its application in pharmaceutical industry, due to the incapability of adapting to individual pharmacokinetic traits. Driven by the development of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, three-dimensional (3D) printed drug delivery medical devices have gained increasing popularity, which offers key advantages over traditional drug delivery systems. The major benefits include the ability to fabricate 3D structures with customizable design and intricate architecture, and most importantly, ease of personalized medication. Furthermore, the emergence of multi-material printing and four-dimensional (4D) printing integrates the benefits of multiple functional materials, and thus provide widespread opportunities for the advancement of personalized drug delivery devices. Despite the remarkable progress made by AM techniques, concerns related to regulatory issues, scalability and cost-effectiveness remain major hurdles. Herein, we provide an overview on the latest accomplishments in 3D printed drug delivery devices as well as major challenges and future perspectives for AM enabled dosage forms and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Niloofar Heshmati Aghda
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Amit Raviraj Pillai
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Rishi Thakkar
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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18
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Sun W, Taylor CS, Zhang Y, Gregory DA, Tomeh MA, Haycock JW, Smith PJ, Wang F, Xia Q, Zhao X. Cell guidance on peptide micropatterned silk fibroin scaffolds. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 603:380-390. [PMID: 34186409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Guiding neuronal cell growth is desirable for neural tissue engineering but is very challenging. In this work, a self-assembling ultra-short surfactant-like peptide I3K which possesses positively charged lysine head groups, and hydrophobic isoleucine tails, was chosen to investigate its potential for guiding neuronal cell growth. The peptides were able to self-assemble into nanofibrous structures and interact strongly with silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds, providing a niche for neural cell attachment and proliferation. SF is an excellent biomaterial for tissue engineering. However neuronal cells, such as rat PC12 cells, showed poor attachment on pure regenerated SF (RSF) scaffold surfaces. Patterning of I3K peptide nanofibers on RSF surfaces significantly improved cellular attachment, cellular density, as well as morphology of PC12 cells. The live / dead assay confirmed that RSF and I3K have negligible cytotoxicity against PC12 cells. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to image the topography and neurite formation of PC12 cells, where results revealed that self-assembled I3K nanofibers can support the formation of PC12 cell neurites. Immunolabelling also demonstrated that coating of I3K nanofibers onto the RSF surfaces not only increased the percentage of cells bearing neurites but also increased the average maximum neurite length. Therefore, the peptide I3K could be used as an alternative to poly-l-lysine for cell culture and tissue engineering applications. As micro-patterning of neural cells to guide neurite growth is important for developing nerve tissue engineering scaffolds, inkjet printing was used to pattern self-assembled I3K peptide nanofibers on RSF surfaces for directional control of PC12 cell growth. The results demonstrated that inkjet-printed peptide micro-patterns can effectively guide the cell alignment and organization on RSF scaffold surfaces, providing great potential for nerve regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Caroline S Taylor
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - David A Gregory
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Mhd Anas Tomeh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - John W Haycock
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Patrick J Smith
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4BJ, UK
| | - Feng Wang
- Biological Science Research Centre, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Biological Science Research Centre, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiubo Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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Abstract
3D printing (also called "additive manufacturing" or "rapid prototyping") is able to translate computer-aided and designed virtual 3D models into 3D tangible constructs/objects through a layer-by-layer deposition approach. Since its introduction, 3D printing has aroused enormous interest among researchers and engineers to understand the fabrication process and composition-structure-property correlation of printed 3D objects and unleash its great potential for application in a variety of industrial sectors. Because of its unique technological advantages, 3D printing can definitely benefit the field of microrobotics and advance the design and development of functional microrobots in a customized manner. This review aims to present a generic overview of 3D printing for functional microrobots. The most applicable 3D printing techniques, with a focus on laser-based printing, are introduced for the 3D microfabrication of microrobots. 3D-printable materials for fabricating microrobots are reviewed in detail, including photopolymers, photo-crosslinkable hydrogels, and cell-laden hydrogels. The representative applications of 3D-printed microrobots with rational designs heretofore give evidence of how these printed microrobots are being exploited in the medical, environmental, and other relevant fields. A future outlook on the 3D printing of microrobots is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic. and Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno, CZ-61600, Czech Republic and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Sun W, Gregory DA, Tomeh MA, Zhao X. Silk Fibroin as a Functional Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031499. [PMID: 33540895 PMCID: PMC7867316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is the approach to combine cells with scaffold materials and appropriate growth factors to regenerate or replace damaged or degenerated tissue or organs. The scaffold material as a template for tissue formation plays the most important role in TE. Among scaffold materials, silk fibroin (SF), a natural protein with outstanding mechanical properties, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and bioresorbability has attracted significant attention for TE applications. SF is commonly dissolved into an aqueous solution and can be easily reconstructed into different material formats, including films, mats, hydrogels, and sponges via various fabrication techniques. These include spin coating, electrospinning, freeze drying, physical, and chemical crosslinking techniques. Furthermore, to facilitate fabrication of more complex SF-based scaffolds with high precision techniques including micro-patterning and bio-printing have recently been explored. This review introduces the physicochemical and mechanical properties of SF and looks into a range of SF-based scaffolds that have been recently developed. The typical TE applications of SF-based scaffolds including bone, cartilage, ligament, tendon, skin, wound healing, and tympanic membrane, will be highlighted and discussed, followed by future prospects and challenges needing to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (W.S.); (D.A.G.); (M.A.T.)
| | - David Alexander Gregory
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (W.S.); (D.A.G.); (M.A.T.)
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Mhd Anas Tomeh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (W.S.); (D.A.G.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Xiubo Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (W.S.); (D.A.G.); (M.A.T.)
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44(0)-114-222-8256
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21
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Lv S. Silk Fibroin-Based Materials for Catalyst Immobilization. Molecules 2020; 25:E4929. [PMID: 33114465 PMCID: PMC7663501 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin is a widely and commercially available natural protein derived from silkworm cocoons. Thanks to its unique amino acid composition and structure, which lead to localized nanoscale pockets with limited but sufficient hydration for protein interaction and stabilization, silk fibroin has been studied in the field of enzyme immobilization. Results of these studies have demonstrated that silk fibroin offers an important platform for covalent and noncovalent immobilization of enzymes through serving as a stabilization matrix/support with high retention of the biological activity of the enzymes of interest. In the hope of providing suggestions for potential future research directions, this review has been written to briefly introduce and summarize key advances in silk fibroin-based materials for immobilization of both enzymes/biocatalysts (including alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, glucose oxidase, lipase, urease, uricase, horseradish peroxidase, catalase, xanthine oxidase, tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase, neutral protease, α-chymotrypsin, amylase, organophosphorus hydrolase, β-galactosidase, carbonic anhydrase, laccase, zymolyase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, thymidine kinase, and several others) and non-enzymatic catalysts (such as Au, Pd, Fe, α-Fe2O3, Fe3O4, TiO2, Pt, ZnO, CuO, Cu2O, Mn3O4, and MnO2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composite Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 BeisanhuanDong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
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22
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Majid QA, Fricker ATR, Gregory DA, Davidenko N, Hernandez Cruz O, Jabbour RJ, Owen TJ, Basnett P, Lukasiewicz B, Stevens M, Best S, Cameron R, Sinha S, Harding SE, Roy I. Natural Biomaterials for Cardiac Tissue Engineering: A Highly Biocompatible Solution. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:554597. [PMID: 33195451 PMCID: PMC7644890 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.554597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) constitute a major fraction of the current major global diseases and lead to about 30% of the deaths, i.e., 17.9 million deaths per year. CVD include coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), arrhythmias, heart failure, heart valve diseases, congenital heart disease, and cardiomyopathy. Cardiac Tissue Engineering (CTE) aims to address these conditions, the overall goal being the efficient regeneration of diseased cardiac tissue using an ideal combination of biomaterials and cells. Various cells have thus far been utilized in pre-clinical studies for CTE. These include adult stem cell populations (mesenchymal stem cells) and pluripotent stem cells (including autologous human induced pluripotent stem cells or allogenic human embryonic stem cells) with the latter undergoing differentiation to form functional cardiac cells. The ideal biomaterial for cardiac tissue engineering needs to have suitable material properties with the ability to support efficient attachment, growth, and differentiation of the cardiac cells, leading to the formation of functional cardiac tissue. In this review, we have focused on the use of biomaterials of natural origin for CTE. Natural biomaterials are generally known to be highly biocompatible and in addition are sustainable in nature. We have focused on those that have been widely explored in CTE and describe the original work and the current state of art. These include fibrinogen (in the context of Engineered Heart Tissue, EHT), collagen, alginate, silk, and Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Amongst these, fibrinogen, collagen, alginate, and silk are isolated from natural sources whereas PHAs are produced via bacterial fermentation. Overall, these biomaterials have proven to be highly promising, displaying robust biocompatibility and, when combined with cells, an ability to enhance post-MI cardiac function in pre-clinical models. As such, CTE has great potential for future clinical solutions and hence can lead to a considerable reduction in mortality rates due to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim A. Majid
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annabelle T. R. Fricker
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Gregory
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Davidenko
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Hernandez Cruz
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Materials, IBME, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Jabbour
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J. Owen
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pooja Basnett
- Applied Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Lukasiewicz
- Applied Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Molly Stevens
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Materials, IBME, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Serena Best
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sian E. Harding
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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23
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Biofriendly micro/nanomotors operating on biocatalysis: from natural to biological environments. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41048-020-00119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Micro/nanomotors (MNMs) are tiny motorized objects that can autonomously navigate in complex fluidic environments under the influence of an appropriate source of energy. Internal energy-driven MNMs are composed of certain reactive materials that are capable of converting chemical energy from the surroundings into kinetic energy. Recent advances in smart nanomaterials design and processing have endowed the internal energy-driven MNMs with different geometrical designs and various mechanisms of locomotion, with remarkable traveling speed in diverse environments ranging from environmental water to complex body fluids. Among the different design principals, MNM systems that operate from biocatalysis possess biofriendly components, efficient energy conversion, and mild working condition, exhibiting a potential of stepping out of the proof-of-concept phase for addressing many real-life environmental and biotechnological challenges. The biofriendliness of MNMs should not only be considered for in vivo drug delivery but also for environmental remediation and chemical sensing that only environmentally friendly intermediates and degraded products are generated. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent advances in biofriendly MNM design using biocatalysis as the predominant driving force, towards practical applications in biotechnology and environmental technology.
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Mu X, Fitzpatrick V, Kaplan DL. From Silk Spinning to 3D Printing: Polymer Manufacturing using Directed Hierarchical Molecular Assembly. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901552. [PMID: 32109007 PMCID: PMC7415583 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Silk spinning offers an evolution-based manufacturing strategy for industrial polymer manufacturing, yet remains largely inaccessible as the manufacturing mechanisms in biological and synthetic systems, especially at the molecular level, are fundamentally different. The appealing characteristics of silk spinning include the sustainable sourcing of the protein material, the all-aqueous processing into fibers, and the unique material properties of silks in various formats. Substantial progress has been made to mimic silk spinning in artificial manufacturing processes, despite the gap between natural and artificial systems. This report emphasizes the universal spinning conditions utilized by both spiders and silkworms to generate silk fibers in nature, as a scientific and technical framework for directing molecular assembly into high-performance structures. The preparation of regenerated silk feedstocks and mimicking native spinning conditions in artificial manufacturing are discussed, as is progress and challenges in fiber spinning and 3D printing of silk-composites. Silk spinning is a biomimetic model for advanced and sustainable artificial polymer manufacturing, offering benefits in biomedical applications for tissue scaffolds and implantable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Vincent Fitzpatrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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25
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Guo C, Li C, Mu X, Kaplan DL. Engineering Silk Materials: From Natural Spinning to Artificial Processing. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2020; 7:011313. [PMID: 34367402 PMCID: PMC8340942 DOI: 10.1063/1.5091442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Silks spun by the arthropods are "ancient' materials historically utilized for fabricating high-quality textiles. Silks are natural protein-based biomaterials with unique physical and biological properties, including particularly outstanding mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Current goals to produce artificially engineered silks to enable additional applications in biomedical engineering, consumer products, and device fields, have prompted considerable effort towards new silk processing methods using bio-inspired spinning and advanced biopolymer processing. These advances have redefined silk as a promising biomaterial past traditional textile applications and into tissue engineering, drug delivery, and biodegradable medical devices. In this review, we highlight recent progress in understanding natural silk spinning systems, as well as advanced technologies used for processing and engineering silk into a broad range of new functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchen Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Xuan Mu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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26
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Abstract
Silk is a natural polymer sourced mainly from spiders and silkworms. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties, it has been heavily investigated for biomedical applications. It can be processed into a number of formats, such as scaffolds, films, and nanoparticles. Common methods of production create constructs with limited complexity. 3D printing allows silk to be printed into more intricate designs, increasing its potential applications. Extrusion and inkjet printing are the primary ways silk has been 3D printed, though other methods are beginning to be investigated. Silk has been integrated into bioink with other polymers, both natural and synthetic. The addition of silk is primarily done to offer more desirable viscosity characteristics and mechanical properties for printing. Silk-based bioinks have been used to fabricate medical devices and tissues. This article discusses recent research and printing parameters important for 3D printing with silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K DeBari
- Material Science and Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mia N Keyser
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michelle A Bai
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rosalyn D Abbott
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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27
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Zhou C, Zhu P, Tian Y, Xu M, Wang L. Engineering Micromotors with Droplet Microfluidics. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6319-6329. [PMID: 31091410 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Micromotors have promising potential in applications ranging from environmental remediation to targeted drug delivery and noninvasive microsurgery. However, there are inadequacies in the fabrication of artificial micromotors to improve the design of structure and composition for motion performance and multifunctionality. Here, we present a microfluidic fiber-confined approach to creating droplet-templated micromotors with precisely engineered anisotropies in 3D structures and material compositions. The shape anisotropy comes from controllable deformation in droplet templates, and material anisotropy originates from versatile emulsion templates. Containing Pt and magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), micromotors are endowed with both catalytic propulsion and magnetic guidance, which are capable of performing tasks of precise catching, skillful delivering, and on-demand releasing of cargos. Droplet microfluidics allows us to systematically and independently vary the shape and size of micromotors and the distribution and content of NPs for the study of their influences on motors' mobility and improve the design. Our results are useful for fabricating micromotors with well-controlled morphology and composition that is beneficial to designing sophisticated microrobotic systems for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
- HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI) , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 311300 , China
| | - Pingan Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
- HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI) , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 311300 , China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
- HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI) , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 311300 , China
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Min Xu
- Center for Transport Phenomena, Energy Research Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan 250014 , China
| | - Liqiu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
- HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI) , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 311300 , China
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Patino T, Porchetta A, Jannasch A, Lladó A, Stumpp T, Schäffer E, Ricci F, Sánchez S. Self-Sensing Enzyme-Powered Micromotors Equipped with pH-Responsive DNA Nanoswitches. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3440-3447. [PMID: 30704240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic micro- and nanomotors have emerged as a new class of active matter self-propelled through enzymatic reactions. The incorporation of functional nanotools could enable the rational design of multifunctional micromotors for simultaneous real-time monitoring of their environment and activity. Herein, we report the combination of DNA nanotechnology and urease-powered micromotors as multifunctional tools able to swim, simultaneously sense the pH of their surrounding environment, and monitor their intrinsic activity. With this purpose, a FRET-labeled triplex DNA nanoswitch for pH sensing was immobilized onto the surface of mesoporous silica-based micromotors. During self-propulsion, urea decomposition and the subsequent release of ammonia led to a fast pH increase, which was detected by real-time monitoring of the FRET efficiency through confocal laser scanning microscopy at different time points (i.e., 30 s, 2 and 10 min). Furthermore, the analysis of speed, enzymatic activity, and propulsive force displayed a similar exponential decay, matching the trend observed for the FRET efficiency. These results illustrate the potential of using specific DNA nanoswitches not only for sensing the micromotors' surrounding microenvironment but also as an indicator of the micromotor activity status, which may aid to the understanding of their performance in different media and in different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Patino
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Baldiri Reixac 10-12 , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
| | - Alessandro Porchetta
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rome , Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , Rome 00133 , Italy
| | - Anita Jannasch
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP) , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 32 , Tübingen 72076 , Germany
| | - Anna Lladó
- Advanced Digital Microscopy , Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Barcelona 08010 , Spain
| | - Tom Stumpp
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP) , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 32 , Tübingen 72076 , Germany
| | - Erik Schäffer
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP) , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 32 , Tübingen 72076 , Germany
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rome , Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , Rome 00133 , Italy
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Baldiri Reixac 10-12 , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) , Pg. Lluís Companys 23 , Barcelona 08010 , Spain
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Wang L, Hortelão AC, Huang X, Sánchez S. Lipase‐Powered Mesoporous Silica Nanomotors for Triglyceride Degradation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7992-7996. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri i Reixac 10–12 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ana C. Hortelão
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri i Reixac 10–12 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Xin Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri i Reixac 10–12 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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Wang L, Hortelão AC, Huang X, Sánchez S. Lipase‐Powered Mesoporous Silica Nanomotors for Triglyceride Degradation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri i Reixac 10–12 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ana C. Hortelão
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri i Reixac 10–12 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Xin Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri i Reixac 10–12 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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Zhang Y, Gregory DA, Zhang Y, Smith PJ, Ebbens SJ, Zhao X. Reactive Inkjet Printing of Functional Silk Stirrers for Enhanced Mixing and Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804213. [PMID: 30515976 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stirring small volumes of solution can reduce immunoassay readout time, homogenize cell cultures, and increase enzyme reactivity in bioreactors. However, at present many small scale stirring methods require external actuation, which can be cumbersome. To address this, here, reactive inkjet printing is shown to be able to produce autonomously rotating biocompatible silk-based microstirrers that can enhance fluid mixing. Rotary motion is generated either by release of a surface active agent (small molecular polyethylene glycol) resulting in Marangoni effect, or by catalytically powered bubble propulsion. The Marangoni driven devices do not require any chemicals to be added to the fluid as the "fuel," while the catalytically powered devices are powered by decomposing substrate molecules in solution. A comparison of Marangoni effect and enzyme powered stirrers is made. Marangoni effect driven stirrers rotate up to 600 rpm, 75-100-fold faster than enzyme driven microstirrers, however enzyme powered stirrers show increased longevity. Further to stirring applications, the sensitivity of the motion generation mechanisms to fluid properties allows the rotating devices to also be exploited for sensing applications, for example, acting as motion sensors for water pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - David A Gregory
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Patrick J Smith
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, 64 Garden Street, Sheffield, S1 4BJ, UK
| | - Stephen J Ebbens
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Xiubo Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Gehu Road, Changzhou, 213164, China
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Patiño T, Arqué X, Mestre R, Palacios L, Sánchez S. Fundamental Aspects of Enzyme-Powered Micro- and Nanoswimmers. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2662-2671. [PMID: 30346732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Self-propulsion at the nanoscale constitutes a challenge due to the need for overcoming viscous forces and Brownian motion. Inspired by nature, artificial micro- and nanomachines powered by catalytic reactions have been developed. Due to the toxicity of the most commonly used fuels, enzyme catalysis has emerged as a versatile and biocompatible alternative to generate self-propulsion. Different swimmer sizes, ranging from the nanoscale to the microscale, and geometries, including tubular and spherical shapes, have been explored. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the mechanisms underlying enzyme-mediated propulsion. Size, shape, enzyme quantity and distribution, as well as the intrinsic enzymatic properties, may play crucial roles in motion dynamics. In this Account, we present the efforts carried out by our group and others by the community on the use of enzymes to power micro- and nanoswimmers. We examine the different structures, materials, and enzymes reported so far to fabricate biocatalytic micro- and nanoswimmers with special emphasis on their effect in motion dynamics. We discuss the development of tubular micro- and nanojets, focusing on the different fabrication methods and the effect of length and enzyme localization on their motion behavior. In the case of spherical swimmers, we highlight the role of asymmetry in enzyme coverage and how it can affect their motion dynamics. Different approaches have been described to generate asymmetric distribution of enzymes, namely, Janus particles, polymeric vesicles, and non-Janus particles with patch-like enzyme distribution that we recently reported. We also examine the correlation between enzyme kinetics and active motion. Enzyme activity, and consequently speed, can be modulated by modifying substrate concentration or adding specific inhibitors. Finally, we review the theory of active Brownian motion and how the size of the particles can influence the analysis of the results. Fundamentally, nanoscaled swimmers are more affected by Brownian fluctuations than microsized swimmers, and therefore, their motion is presented as an enhanced diffusion with respect to the passive case. Microswimmers, however, can overcome these fluctuations and show propulsive or ballistic trajectories. We provide some considerations on how to analyze the motion of these swimmers from an experimental point of view. Despite the rapid progress in enzyme-based micro- and nanoswimmers, deeper understanding of the mechanisms of motion is needed, and further efforts should be aimed to study their lifetime, long-term stability, and ability to navigate in complex media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Patiño
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Arqué
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Mestre
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucas Palacios
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Schuster F, Hirth T, Weber A. Reactive inkjet printing of polyethylene glycol and isocyanate based inks to create porous polyurethane structures. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schuster
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB; Nobelstr. 12, 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Thomas Hirth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT; Kaiserstraße 12, 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Achim Weber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB; Nobelstr. 12, 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart; Nobelstr. 12, 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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Ning H, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Ingham A, Huang G, Mei Y, Solovev AA. Geometry Design, Principles and Assembly of Micromotors. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E75. [PMID: 30393351 PMCID: PMC6187850 DOI: 10.3390/mi9020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of bio-inspired, self-propelled and externally-powered nano-/micro-motors, rotors and engines (micromachines) is considered a potentially revolutionary paradigm in nanoscience. Nature knows how to combine different elements together in a fluidic state for intelligent design of nano-/micro-machines, which operate by pumping, stirring, and diffusion of their internal components. Taking inspirations from nature, scientists endeavor to develop the best materials, geometries, and conditions for self-propelled motion, and to better understand their mechanisms of motion and interactions. Today, microfluidic technology offers considerable advantages for the next generation of biomimetic particles, droplets and capsules. This review summarizes recent achievements in the field of nano-/micromotors, and methods of their external control and collective behaviors, which may stimulate new ideas for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanpo Ning
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Andreas Ingham
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 5 Ole Maaløes Vej, DK-2200, 1165 København, Denmark.
| | - Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Alexander A Solovev
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China.
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Three-dimensional printing of alginate-gelatin-agar scaffolds using free-form motor assisted microsyringe extrusion system. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Aljohani W, Ullah MW, Zhang X, Yang G. Bioprinting and its applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:261-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Włodarczyk-Biegun MK, del Campo A. 3D bioprinting of structural proteins. Biomaterials 2017; 134:180-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ceylan H, Giltinan J, Kozielski K, Sitti M. Mobile microrobots for bioengineering applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1705-1724. [PMID: 28480466 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00064b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Untethered micron-scale mobile robots can navigate and non-invasively perform specific tasks inside unprecedented and hard-to-reach inner human body sites and inside enclosed organ-on-a-chip microfluidic devices with live cells. They are aimed to operate robustly and safely in complex physiological environments where they will have a transforming impact in bioengineering and healthcare. Research along this line has already demonstrated significant progress, increasing attention, and high promise over the past several years. The first-generation microrobots, which could deliver therapeutics and other cargo to targeted specific body sites, have just been started to be tested inside small animals toward clinical use. Here, we review frontline advances in design, fabrication, and testing of untethered mobile microrobots for bioengineering applications. We convey the most impactful and recent strategies in actuation, mobility, sensing, and other functional capabilities of mobile microrobots, and discuss their potential advantages and drawbacks to operate inside complex, enclosed and physiologically relevant environments. We lastly draw an outlook to provide directions in the veins of more sophisticated designs and applications, considering biodegradability, immunogenicity, mobility, sensing, and possible medical interventions in complex microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Ceylan
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Lee J, Samson AAS, Song JM. Inkjet-Printing Enzyme Inhibitory Assay Based on Determination of Ejection Volume. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2009-2016. [PMID: 28029031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An accurate, rapid, and cost-effective methodology for enzyme inhibitor assays is highly needed for large-scale screening to evaluate the efficacy of drugs at the molecular level. For the first time, we have developed an inkjet printing-based enzyme inhibition assay for the assessment of drug activity using a conventional inkjet printer composed of four cartridges. The methodology is based on the determination of the number of moles of the drug on the printed surface. The number of moles was quantified through the volume of substance ejected onto the printed surface. The volume ejected on the reaction spot was determined from the density of reagent ink solution and its weight loss after printing. A xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibition assay was executed to quantitatively evaluate antioxidant activities of the drug based on the determination of the number of moles of the drug ejected by inkjet printing. The assay components of xanthine, nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), superoxide dismutase (SOD)/drug, and XOD were printed systematically on A4 paper. A gradient range of the number of moles of SOD/drug printed on A4 paper could be successfully obtained. Because of the effect of enzyme activity inhibition, incrementally reduced NBT formazan colors appeared on the paper in a number-of-moles-dependent manner. The observed inhibitory mole (IM50) values of tested compounds exhibited a similar tendency in their activity order, compared to the IC50 values observed through absorption assay in well plates. Inkjet printing-based IM50 assessment consumed a significantly smaller reaction volume (by 2-3 orders of magnitude) and more rapid reaction time, compared to the well-plate-based absorption assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmi Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | | | - Joon Myong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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