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Du F, Ye T, Lv T, Zhang R, Liu Y, Cai S, Zhao J, Zhao B, Liu J, Peng P. Deciphering the Decomposition Mechanisms of Ether and Fluorinated Ether Electrolytes on Lithium Metal Surfaces: Insights from CMD and AIMD Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:8170-8182. [PMID: 39162304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The performance of lithium metal batteries can be significantly enhanced by incorporating fluorinated ether-based electrolytes, yet the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation mechanism on lithium metal surfaces remains elusive. This study employs classical and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the decomposition mechanisms of lithium bis(fluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in 1,2-diethoxyethane (DEE) and its fluorinated analogues, F5DEE and F2DEE, when in contact with lithium metal. Our findings indicate that F5DEE-based electrolytes favor the formation of a FSI-rich primary solvation shell around Li+, while F2DEE-based electrolytes yield a solvent-rich environment. The normalized number density at the Li/electrolyte/Li interface shows a depletion of FSI anions in the electrochemical double layer (EDL) structure near the Li anode upon charging, with the distance between the first main peak of the FSI anion and Li anode following the order F5DEE < DEE < F2DEE. Analysis of the electronic projected density of states and charge transfer dynamics unveils the reductive dissociation pathways of FSI anions and fluorinated DEE solvents on the lithium metal surface, taking into account the influence of the EDL structure. DEE is identified as the most reduction-stable solvent, leading to the selective dissociation of FSI anions and the formation of an entirely inorganic SEI. In contrast, F2DEE displays a pronounced reduction tendency, forming an organic-rich SEI due to the solvent-dominated lowest unoccupied molecular orbital at the interface. F5DEE, competing with FSI anions for reduction, results in the formation of an inorganic-rich hybrid SEI with the highest LiF content. The simulation results correlate well with experimental observations and underscore the pivotal role of various fluorinated functional groups in the formation of EDL and SEI near the lithium metal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuming Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Tuo Ye
- Research Institute of Automotive Parts Technology, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Tiezheng Lv
- Research Institute of Automotive Parts Technology, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Ruizhi Zhang
- Research Institute of Automotive Parts Technology, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Research Institute of Automotive Parts Technology, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Songtao Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Juangang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Ultrastructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Ping Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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2
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Yang XT, Han C, Xie YM, Fang R, Zheng S, Tian JH, Lin XM, Zhang H, Mao BW, Gu Y, Wang YH, Li JF. Highly Stable Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Tuning the Molecular Polarity of Diluents in Localized High-Concentration Electrolytes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311393. [PMID: 38287737 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Electrolyte plays a crucial role in ensuring stable operation of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) have the potential to form a robust solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and mitigate Li dendrite growth, making them a highly promising electrolyte option. However, the principles governing the selection of diluents, a crucial component in LHCE, have not been clearly determined, hampering the advancement of such a type of electrolyte systems. Herein, the diluents from the perspective of molecular polarity are rationally designed and developed. A moderately fluorinated solvent, 1-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane (TNE), is employed as a diluent to create a novel LHCE. The unique molecular structure of TNE enhances the intrinsic dipole moment, thereby altering solvent interactions and the coordination environment of Li-ions in LHCE. The achieved solvation structure not only enhances the bulk properties of LHCE, but also facilitates the formation of more stable anion-derived SEIs featured with a higher proportion of inorganic species. Consequently, the corresponding full cells of both Li||LiFePO4 and Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cells utilizing Li thin-film anodes exhibit extended long-term stability with significantly improved average Coulombic efficiency. This work offers new insights into the functions of diluents in LHCEs and provides direction for further optimizing the LHCEs for LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tao Yang
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chong Han
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yi-Meng Xie
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Rong Fang
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shisheng Zheng
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jing-Hua Tian
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Environment Science, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Analytical Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Bing-Wei Mao
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yu Gu
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yao-Hui Wang
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
- Department of Chemistry and Environment Science, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Analytical Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
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Pham TD, Bin Faheem A, Kim J, Ma SH, Kwak K, Lee KK. High-efficiency Lithium Metal Stabilization and Polysulfide Suppression in Li-S Battery Enabled by Weakly Solvating Solvent. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2307951. [PMID: 38770978 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered a highly promising next-generation energy storage technology due to their exceptional energy density and cost-effectiveness. However, the practical use of current LSBs is hindered primarily by issues related to the "shuttle effect" of lithium polysulfide (LiPS) intermediates and the growth of lithium dendrites. In strongly solvating electrolytes, the solvent-derived solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) lacks mechanical strength due to organic components, leading to ineffective lithium dendrite suppression and severe LiPS dissolution and shuttling. In contrast, the weakly solvating electrolyte (WSE) can create an anion-derived SEI layer which can enhance compatibility with lithium metal anode, and restricting LiPS solubility. Herein, a WSE consisting of 0.4 м LiTFSI in the mixture of 1,4-dioxane (DX):dimethoxymethane (DMM) is designed to overcome the issues associated with LSB. Surface analyses confirmed the formation of a beneficial SEI layer rich in LiF, enabling homogeneous lithium deposition with an average Coulombic efficiency CE exceeding 99% over 100 cycles. Implementing the low-concentration WSE in Li||SPAN cells yielded an impressive initial specific capacity of 671 mAh g-1. This research highlights the advantages of WSE and offers the pathway for cost-effective electrolyte development, enabling the realization of high-performance LSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Duong Pham
- Faculty of Biotechnology Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Phenikaa University, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Abdullah Bin Faheem
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Junam Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyeok Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwon Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk, 54150, Republic of Korea
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4
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Zhao Y, Sui S, Yang Q, Li J, Chu S, Gu M, Li L, Shi S, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Chou S, Lei K. Electrolyte-Induced Morphology Evolution to Boost Potassium Storage Performance of Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic Dianhydride. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4546-4553. [PMID: 38588452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Organic materials have attracted extensive attention for potassium-ion batteries due to their flexible structure designability and environmental friendliness. However, organic materials generally suffer from unavoidable dissolution in aprotic electrolytes, causing an unsatisfactory electrochemical performance. Herein, we designed a weakly solvating electrolyte to boost the potassium storage performance of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA). The electrolyte induces an in situ morphology evolution and achieves a nanowire structure. The weakly dissolving capability of ethylene glycol diethyl ether-based electrolyte and unique nanowire structure effectively avoid the dissolution of PTCDA. As a result, PTCDA shows excellent cycling stability (a capacity retention of 89.1% after 2000 cycles) and good rate performance (70.3 mAh g-1 at 50C). In addition, experimental detail discloses that the sulfonyl group plays a key role in inducing morphology evolution during the charge/discharge process. This work opens up new opportunities in electrolyte design for organic electrodes and illuminates further developments of potassium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Simi Sui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Shenxu Chu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Mengjia Gu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Tianjin 325035, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Shulei Chou
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Tianjin 325035, China
| | - Kaixiang Lei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
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5
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Yang Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Liu X, Yu H, Wu L, Duan C, Xi Z, Fang R, Zhao Q. Co-Intercalation-Free Graphite Anode Enabled by an Additive Regulated Interphase in an Ether-Based Electrolyte for Low-Temperature Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10116-10125. [PMID: 38381070 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Graphite (Gr) anode, which is endowed with high electronic conductivity and low volume expansion after Li-ion intercalation, establishes the basis for the success of rocking-chair Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, due to the high barrier of the Li-ion desolvation process, sluggish transport of Li ions through the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the high freezing points of electrolytes, the Gr anode still suffers from great loss of capacity and severe polarization at low temperature. Here, 1,2-diethoxyethane (DEE) with an intrinsically wide liquid region and weak solvation ability is applied as an electrolyte solvent for LIBs. By rationally designing the additives of electrolytes, an intact SEI with fast Li-ion conductivity is constructed, enabling the co-intercalation-free Gr anode with long-term stability (91.8% after 500 cycles) and impressive low-temperature characteristics (82.6% capacity retention at -20 °C). Coupled with LiFePO4 and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathodes, the optimized electrolyte also demonstrates low polarization under -20 °C. Our work offers a feasible approach to enable ether-based electrolytes for low-temperature LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yawen Li
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huaqing Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lanqing Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chengyao Duan
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zihang Xi
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ruijian Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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6
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Zhang X, Qiu X, Lin J, Lin Z, Sun S, Yin J, Alshareef HN, Zhang W. Structure and Interface Engineering of Ultrahigh-Rate 3D Bismuth Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302071. [PMID: 37104851 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted tremendous attention as promising low-cost energy storage devices in future grid-scale energy management applications. Bismuth is a promising anode for SIBs due to its high theoretical capacity (386 mAh g-1 ). Nevertheless, the huge volume variation of Bi anode during (de)sodiation processes can cause the pulverization of Bi particulates and rupture of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), resulting in quick capacity decay. It is demonstrated that rigid carbon framework and robust SEI are two essentials for stable Bi anodes. A lignin-derived carbonlayer wrapped tightly around the bismuth nanospheres provides a stable conductive pathway, while the delicate selection of linear and cyclic ether-based electrolytes enable robust and stable SEI films. These two merits enable the long-term cycling process of the LC-Bi anode. The LC-Bi composite delivers outstanding sodium-ion storage performance with an ultra-long cycle life of 10 000 cycles at a high current density of 5 A g-1 and an excellent rate capability of 94% capacity retention at an ultrahigh current density of 100 A g-1 . Herein, the underlying origins of performance improvement of Bi anode are elucidated, which provides a rational design strategy for Bi anodes in practical SIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinxin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zehua Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shirong Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang, 515200, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang, 515200, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Jieyang, 522000, China
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7
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Guo JX, Tang WB, Xiong X, Liu H, Wang T, Wu Y, Cheng XB. Localized high-concentration electrolytes for lithium metal batteries: progress and prospect. Front Chem Sci Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-022-2286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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8
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Ruan D, Tan L, Chen S, Fan J, Nian Q, Chen L, Wang Z, Ren X. Solvent versus Anion Chemistry: Unveiling the Structure-Dependent Reactivity in Tailoring Electrochemical Interphases for Lithium-Metal Batteries. JACS AU 2023; 3:953-963. [PMID: 37006759 PMCID: PMC10052229 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytes are critical for the reversibility of various electrochemical energy storage systems. The recent development of electrolytes for high-voltage Li-metal batteries has been counting on the salt anion chemistry for building stable interphases. Herein, we investigate the effect of the solvent structure on the interfacial reactivity and discover profound solvent chemistry of designed monofluoro-ether in anion-enriched solvation structures, which enables enhanced stabilization of both high-voltage cathodes and Li-metal anodes. Systematic comparison of different molecular derivatives provides an atomic-scale understanding of the unique solvent structure-dependent reactivity. The interaction between Li+ and the monofluoro (-CH2F) group significantly influences the electrolyte solvation structure and promotes the monofluoro-ether-based interfacial reactions over the anion chemistry. With in-depth analyses of the compositions, charge transfer, and ion transport at interfaces, we demonstrated the essential role of the monofluoro-ether solvent chemistry in tailoring highly protective and conductive interphases (with enriched LiF at full depths) on both electrodes, as opposed to the anion-derived ones in typical concentrated electrolytes. As a result, the solvent-dominant electrolyte chemistry enables a high Li Coulombic efficiency (∼99.4%) and stable Li anode cycling at a high rate (10 mA cm-2), together with greatly improved cycling stability of 4.7 V-class nickel-rich cathodes. This work illustrates the underlying mechanism of the competitive solvent and anion interfacial reaction schemes in Li-metal batteries and offers fundamental insights into the rational design of electrolytes for future high-energy batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digen Ruan
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lijiang Tan
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shunqiang Chen
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiajia Fan
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qingshun Nian
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li Chen
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key
Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zihong Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaodi Ren
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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9
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Quan Y, Wu S, Yang K, Hu L, Zhang X, Hu X, Liang H, Li S. Improving performances of the electrode/electrolyte interface via the regulation of solvation complexes: a review and prospect. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4772-4780. [PMID: 36779505 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The electrode/electrolyte interface (EEI) is a research hotspot in lithium-ion batteries, while the electrolyte solvation complex can be regarded as a factor that cannot be ignored in determining the performance of the EEI. From the perspective of the electrolyte solvation complex, this review summarizes the effects of solvation complexes on the composition of an EEI film and the Li+ desolvation process, and further clarifies the internal mechanism of the electrolyte composition controlling solvation chemistry. Finally, combined with doubtful points that are not comprehensively considered in the regulation of solvated complexes, this review puts forward some cutting-edge views, which are of great significance for future guidance in improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Quan
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Shumin Wu
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Kerong Yang
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Ling Hu
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Hongcheng Liang
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Shiyou Li
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
- Engineering Laboratory of Electrolyte Material for Lithium- ion Battery of Gansu Province, Baiyin, 730900, P. R. China
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10
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Zhang H, Zeng Z, Liu M, Ma F, Qin M, Wang X, Wu Y, Lei S, Cheng S, Xie J. A "tug-of-war" effect tunes Li-ion transport and enhances the rate capability of lithium metal batteries. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2745-2754. [PMID: 36908970 PMCID: PMC9993850 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06620c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
"Solvent-in-salt" electrolytes (high-concentration electrolytes (HCEs)) and diluted high-concentration electrolytes (DHCEs) show great promise for reviving secondary lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, the inherently sluggish Li+ transport of such electrolytes limits the high-rate capability of LMBs for practical conditions. Here, we discovered a "tug-of-war" effect in a multilayer solvation sheath that promoted the rate capability of LMBs; the pulling force of solvent-nonsolvent interactions competed with the compressive force of Li+-nonsolvent interactions. By elaborately manipulating the pulling and compressive effects, the interaction between Li+ and the solvent was weakened, leading to a loosened solvation sheath. Thereby, the developed electrolytes enabled a high Li+ transference number (0.65) and a Li (50 μm)‖NCM712 (4 mA h cm-2) full cell exhibited long-term cycling stability (160 cycles; 80% capacity retention) at a high rate of 0.33C (1.32 mA cm-2). Notably, Li (50 μm)‖LiFePO4 (LFP; 17.4 mg cm-2) cells with a designed electrolyte reached a capacity retention of 80% after 1450 cycles at a rate of 0.66C. An 6 Ah Li‖LFP pouch cell (over 250 W h kg-1) showed excellent cycling stability (130 cycles, 96% capacity retention) under practical conditions. This design concept for an electrolyte provides a promising path to build high-energy-density and high-rate LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Ziqi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Mengchuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Fenfen Ma
- GuSu Laboratory of Materials Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Mingsheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Xinlan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Yuanke Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Sheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Shijie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Jia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
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11
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Zhao Y, Zhou T, Mensi M, Choi JW, Coskun A. Electrolyte engineering via ether solvent fluorination for developing stable non-aqueous lithium metal batteries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:299. [PMID: 36653353 PMCID: PMC9849263 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorination of ether solvents is an effective strategy to improve the electrochemical stability of non-aqueous electrolyte solutions in lithium metal batteries. However, excessive fluorination detrimentally impacts the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, thus limiting the battery performance. Here, to maximize the electrolyte ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability, we introduce the targeted trifluoromethylation of 1,2-dimethoxyethane to produce 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,3-dimethoxypropane (TFDMP). TFDMP is used as a solvent to prepare a 2 M non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprising bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide salt. This electrolyte solution shows an ionic conductivity of 7.4 mS cm-1 at 25 °C, an oxidation stability up to 4.8 V and an efficient suppression of Al corrosion. When tested in a coin cell configuration at 25 °C using a 20 μm Li metal negative electrode, a high mass loading LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2-based positive electrode (20 mg cm-2) with a negative/positive (N/P) capacity ratio of 1, discharge capacity retentions (calculated excluding the initial formation cycles) of 81% after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g-1 and 88% after 142 cycles at 0.2 A g-1 are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700 Switzerland
| | - Tianhong Zhou
- grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700 Switzerland
| | - Mounir Mensi
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion, 1950 Switzerland
| | - Jang Wook Choi
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of materials science and engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Coskun
- grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700 Switzerland
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12
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Tan H, Lin X. Electrolyte Design Strategies for Non-Aqueous High-Voltage Potassium-Based Batteries. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020823. [PMID: 36677883 PMCID: PMC9867274 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
High-voltage potassium-based batteries are promising alternatives for lithium-ion batteries as next-generation energy storage devices. The stability and reversibility of such systems depend largely on the properties of the corresponding electrolytes. This review first presents major challenges for high-voltage electrolytes, such as electrolyte decomposition, parasitic side reactions, and current collector corrosion. Then, the state-of-the-art modification strategies for traditional ester and ether-based organic electrolytes are scrutinized and discussed, including high concentration, localized high concentration/weakly solvating strategy, multi-ion strategy, and addition of high-voltage additives. Besides, research advances of other promising electrolyte systems, such as potassium-based ionic liquids and solid-state-electrolytes are also summarized. Finally, prospective future research directions are proposed to further enhance the oxidative stability and non-corrosiveness of electrolytes for high-voltage potassium batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, 999 Jinzhou Road, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Xiuyi Lin
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence:
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13
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Ding K, Xu C, Peng Z, Long X, Shi J, Li Z, Zhang Y, Lai J, Chen L, Cai YP, Zheng Q. Tuning the Solvent Alkyl Chain to Tailor Electrolyte Solvation for Stable Li-Metal Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44470-44478. [PMID: 36130034 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
1,2-Dimethoxyethane (DME) has been considered as the most promising electrolyte solvent for Li-metal batteries (LMBs). However, challenges arise from insufficient Li Coulombic efficiency (CE) and poor anodic stability associated with DME-based electrolytes. Here, we proposed a rational molecular design methodology to tailor electrolyte solvation for stable LMBs, where shortening the middle alkyl chain of the solvent could reduce the chelation ability, while increasing the terminal alkyl chain of the solvent could increase the steric hindrance, affording a diethoxymethane (DEM) solvent with ultra-weak solvation ability. When serving as a single solvent for electrolyte, a peculiar solvation structure dominated by contact ion pairs (CIPs) and aggregates (AGGs) was achieved even at a regular salt concentration of 1 m, which gives rise to anion-derived interfacial chemistry. This illustrates an unprecedentedly high Li||Cu CE of 99.1% for a single-salt single-solvent (non-fluorinated) electrolyte at ∼1 m. Moreover, this 1 m DEM-based electrolyte also remarkably suppresses the anodic dissolution of Al current collectors and significantly improves the cycling performance of high-voltage cathodes. This work opens up new frontiers in engineering electrolytes toward stable LMBs with high energy densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Ding
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zehang Peng
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Long
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Junkai Shi
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongliang Li
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawei Lai
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Luyi Chen
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue-Peng Cai
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Qifeng Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
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14
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WANG W, LEE C, MIYAHARA Y, ABE T, MIYAZAKI K. Influence of Tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite Additive on the Electrochemical Performance of Lithium-ion Batteries Using Thin-film Ni-rich Cathodes. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.22-00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wencong WANG
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Changhee LEE
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | | | - Takeshi ABE
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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15
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Abstract
Parasitic reactions between delithiated cathode materials and non-aqueous electrolytes have been a major barrier that limits the upper cutoff potential of cathode materials. It is of great importance to suppress such parasitic reactions to unleash the high-energy-density potential of high voltage cathode materials. Although major effort has been made to identify the chemical composition of the cathode electrolyte interface using various cutting edge characterization tools, the chemical nature of parasitic reactions remains a puzzle. This severely hinders the rational development of stable high voltage cathode/electrolyte pairs for high-energy density lithium-ion batteries. This feature article highlights our latest effort in understanding the chemical/electrochemical role of the cathode electrolyte interface using protons as a chemical tracer for parasitic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghai Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
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16
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Li J, Hu Y, Xie H, Peng J, Fan L, Zhou J, Lu B. Weak Cation-Solvent Interactions in Ether-Based Electrolytes Stabilizing Potassium-ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208291. [PMID: 35713155 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Conventional ether-based electrolytes exhibited a low polarization voltage in potassium-ion batteries, yet suffered from ion-solvent co-intercalation phenomena in a graphite anode, inferior potassium-metal performance, and limited oxidation stability. Here, we reveal that weakening the cation-solvent interactions could suppress the co-intercalation behaviour, enhance the potassium-metal performance, and improve the oxidation stability. Consequently, the graphite anode exhibits K+ intercalation behaviour (K||graphite cell operates 200 cycles with 86.6 % capacity retention), the potassium metal shows highly stable plating/stripping (K||Cu cell delivers 550 cycles with average Coulombic efficiency of 98.9 %) and dendrite-free (symmetric K||K cell operates over 1400 hours) properties, and the electrolyte exhibits high oxidation stability up to 4.4 V. The ion-solvent interaction tuning strategy provides a promising method to develop high-performance electrolytes and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfan Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yanyao Hu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Huabin Xie
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Ling Fan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Bingan Lu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China
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17
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Tan L, Chen S, Chen Y, Fan J, Ruan D, Nian Q, Chen L, Jiao S, Ren X. Intrinsic Nonflammable Ether Electrolytes for Ultrahigh-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Chlorine Functionality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203693. [PMID: 35388586 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The issues of inherent low anodic stability and high flammability hinder the deployment of the ether-based electrolytes in practical high-voltage lithium metal batteries. Here, we report a rationally designed ether-based electrolyte with chlorine functionality on ether molecular structure to address these critical challenges. The chloroether-based electrolyte demonstrates a high Li Coulombic efficiency of 99.2 % and a high capacity retention >88 % over 200 cycles for Ni-rich cathodes at an ultrahigh cut-off voltage of 4.6 V (stable even up to 4.7 V). The chloroether-based electrolyte not only greatly improves electrochemical stabilities of Ni-rich cathodes under ultrahigh voltages with interphases riched in LiF and LiCl, but possesses the intrinsic nonflammable safety feature owing to the flame-retarding ability of chlorine functional groups. This study offers a new approach to enable ether-based electrolytes for high energy density, long-life and safe Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiang Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shunqiang Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yawei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jiajia Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Digen Ruan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qingshun Nian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shuhong Jiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiaodi Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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18
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Gehrlein L, Leibing C, Pfeifer K, Jeschull F, Balducci A, Maibach J. Glyoxylic acetals as electrolytes for Si/Graphite anodes in lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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19
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Li J, Hu Y, Xie H, Peng J, Fan L, Zhou J, Lu B. Weak Cation–solvent Interactions in Ether‐based Electrolytes Stabilizing Potassium‐ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfan Li
- Hunan University School of Physics and Electronics CHINA
| | - Yanyao Hu
- Hunan University School of Physics and Electronics CHINA
| | - Huabin Xie
- Hunan University School of Physics and Electronics CHINA
| | - Jun Peng
- Hunan University School of Physics and Electronics CHINA
| | - Ling Fan
- Hunan University School of Physics and Electronics Lushao Road 410083 Changsha CHINA
| | - Jiang Zhou
- Central South University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Bingan Lu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Physics and electonics South Lushan Road 410082 Changsha CHINA
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20
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Tang Z, Wang H, Wu PF, Zhou SY, Huang YC, Zhang R, Sun D, Tang YG, Wang HY. Electrode-Electrolyte Interfacial Chemistry Modulation for Ultra-High Rate Sodium-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200475. [PMID: 35199431 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries capable of operating at rate and temperature extremes are highly desirable, but elusive due to the dynamics and thermodynamics limitations. Herein, a strategy of electrode-electrolyte interfacial chemistry modulation is proposed. The commercial hard carbon demonstrates superior rate performance with 212 mAh g-1 at an ultra-high current density of 5 A g-1 in the electrolyte with weak ion solvation/desolvation, which is much higher than those in common electrolytes (nearly no capacity in carbonate-based electrolytes). Even at -20 °C, a high capacity of 175 mAh g-1 (74 % of its room-temperature capacity) can be maintained at 2 A g-1 . Such an electrode retains 90 % of its initial capacity after 1000 cycles. As proven, weak ion solvation/desolvation of tetrahydrofuran greatly facilitates fast-ion diffusion at the SEI/electrolyte interface and homogeneous SEI with well-distributed NaF and organic components ensures fast Na+ diffusion through the SEI layer and a stable interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R China
| | - Hong Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R China
| | - Si-Yu Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R China
| | - Dan Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R China
| | - You-Gen Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R China
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21
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Tan L, Chen S, Chen Y, Fan J, Ruan D, Nian Q, Chen L, Jiao S, Ren X. Intrinsic Nonflammable Ether Electrolytes for Ultrahigh‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Chlorine Functionality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijiang Tan
- University of Science and Technology of China Department of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Shunqiang Chen
- University of Science and Technology of China Department of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Yawei Chen
- University of Science and Technology of China Department of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Jiajia Fan
- University of Science and Technology of China Department of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Digen Ruan
- University of Science and Technology of China Department of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Qingshun Nian
- University of Science and Technology of China Department of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Li Chen
- University of Science and Technology of China Department of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Shuhong Jiao
- University of Science and Technology of China Department of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Xiaodi Ren
- University of Science and Technology of China Department of Materials Science and Engineering 96 Jinzhai Road 230026 Hefei CHINA
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22
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Pham TD, Bin Faheem A, Kim J, Oh HM, Lee KK. Practical High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Tuning the Solvation Structure in Weakly Solvating Electrolyte. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107492. [PMID: 35212457 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Li metal batteries (LMBs) are ideal candidates for future high-energy-density battery systems. To date, high-voltage LMBs suffer severe limitations because of electrolytes unstable against Li anodes and high-voltage cathodes. Although ether-based electrolytes exhibit good stability with Li metal, compared to carbonate-based electrolytes, they have been used only in ≤4.0 V LMBs because of their limited oxidation stability. Here, a high concentration electrolyte (HCE) comprising lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) and a weakly solvating solvent (1,2-diethoxyethane, DEE) is designed, which can regulate unique solvation structures with only associated complexes at relatively lower concentration compared to the reported HCEs. This effectively suppresses dendrites on the anode side, and preserves the structural integrity of the cathode side under high voltages by the formation of stable interfacial layers on a Li metal anode and LiNi0.8 Mn0.1 Co0.1 O2 (NMC811) cathode. Consequently, a 3.5 m LiFSI-DEE plays an important role in enhancing the stability of the Li||NMC811 cell with a capacity retention of ≈94% after 200 cycles under a high current density of 2.5 mA cm-2 . In addition, the 3.5 m LiFSI-DEE electrolyte exhibits good performance with anode-free batteries. This study offers a promising approach to enable ether-based electrolytes for high-voltage LMBs applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Duong Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdullah Bin Faheem
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Junam Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Min Oh
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk, 54150, Republic of Korea
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23
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Tang Z, Wang H, Wu P, Zhou S, Huang Y, Zhang R, Sun D, Tang Y, Wang H. Electrode–Electrolyte Interfacial Chemistry Modulation for Ultra‐High Rate Sodium‐Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R China
| | - Hong Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R China
| | - Peng‐Fei Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R China
| | - Si‐Yu Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R China
| | - Yuan‐Cheng Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R China
| | - Dan Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R China
| | - You‐Gen Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R China
| | - Hai‐Yan Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R China
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Lv Y, Xiao Y, Ma L, Zhi C, Chen S. Recent Advances in Electrolytes for "Beyond Aqueous" Zinc-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106409. [PMID: 34806240 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the growing demands for large-scale energy storage, Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) with distinct advantages, including resource abundance, low-cost, high-safety, and acceptable energy density, are considered as potential substitutes for Li-ion batteries. Although numerous efforts are devoted to design and develop high performance cathodes and aqueous electrolytes for ZIBs, many challenges, such as hydrogen evolution reaction, water evaporation, and liquid leakage, have greatly hindered the development of aqueous ZIBs. Developing "beyond aqueous" electrolytes can be able to avoid these issues due to the absence of water, which are beneficial for the achieving of highly efficient ZIBs. In this review, the recent development of the "beyond aqueous" electrolytes, including conventional organic electrolytes, ionic liquid, all-solid-state, quasi-solid-state electrolytes, and deep eutectic electrolytes are presented. The critical issues and the corresponding strategies of the designing of "beyond aqueous" electrolytes for ZIBs are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Longtao Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Chunyi Zhi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shimou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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25
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TONOYA T, YAMAMOTO H, MATSUI Y, HINAGO H, ISHIKAWA M. A Sulfolane-Based Electrolyte Optimized for Microporous Activated Carbon-Sulfur Composites for Lithium Sulfur Batteries. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.22-00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi TONOYA
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University
| | - Hirofumi YAMAMOTO
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University
| | - Yukiko MATSUI
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University
| | | | - Masashi ISHIKAWA
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University
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26
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Cui X, Zhang J, Wang J, Wang P, Sun J, Dong H, Zhao D, Li C, Wen S, Li S. Antioxidation Mechanism of Highly Concentrated Electrolytes at High Voltage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:59580-59590. [PMID: 34851095 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It has been researched that highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) can solve the problem of the excessive decomposition of dilute electrolytes at a high voltage, but the mechanism is not clear. In this work, the antioxidation mechanism of HCE at a high voltage was investigated by in situ electrochemical tests and theoretical calculations from the perspective of the solvation structure and physicochemical property. The results indicate that compared with the dilute electrolyte, the change of solvation structures in HCE makes more PF6- anions easier to be oxidized prior to the dimethyl carbonate solvents, resulting in a more stable cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) film. First, the lower oxidation potential of the solvation structure with more PF6- anions inhibits the side effects of the electrolyte effectively. Second, the CEI film, consisted of LiF and LixPOyFz generated from the oxidation of PF6- and Li3PO4 generated from the hydrolysis of LiPF6 via the soluble PO2F2- intermediate, can reduce the interface impedance and improve the conductivity. Intriguingly, the high viscosity of HCEs and the hydrolysis of LiPF6 are proven to play a positive role in enhancing the interfacial stability of the electrolyte/electrode at a high voltage. This study builds a deep understanding of the bulk and interface properties of HCEs and provides theoretical support for their large-scale application in high-voltage battery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Cui
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
- Gansu Engineering Laboratory of Cathode Material for Lithium-ion Battery, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Sun
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Hong Dong
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Dongni Zhao
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
- Gansu Engineering Laboratory of Cathode Material for Lithium-ion Battery, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Chunlei Li
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
- Gansu Engineering Laboratory of Cathode Material for Lithium-ion Battery, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Shuxiang Wen
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Shiyou Li
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
- Gansu Engineering Laboratory of Cathode Material for Lithium-ion Battery, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
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Chen Y, Yu Z, Rudnicki P, Gong H, Huang Z, Kim SC, Lai JC, Kong X, Qin J, Cui Y, Bao Z. Steric Effect Tuned Ion Solvation Enabling Stable Cycling of High-Voltage Lithium Metal Battery. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18703-18713. [PMID: 34709034 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Dimethoxyethane (DME) is a common electrolyte solvent for lithium metal batteries. Various DME-based electrolyte designs have improved long-term cyclability of high-voltage full cells. However, insufficient Coulombic efficiency at the Li anode and poor high-voltage stability remain a challenge for DME electrolytes. Here, we report a molecular design principle that utilizes a steric hindrance effect to tune the solvation structures of Li+ ions. We hypothesized that by substituting the methoxy groups on DME with larger-sized ethoxy groups, the resulting 1,2-diethoxyethane (DEE) should have a weaker solvation ability and consequently more anion-rich inner solvation shells, both of which enhance interfacial stability at the cathode and anode. Experimental and computational evidence indicates such steric-effect-based design leads to an appreciable improvement in electrochemical stability of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI)/DEE electrolytes. Under stringent full-cell conditions of 4.8 mAh cm-2 NMC811, 50 μm thin Li, and high cutoff voltage at 4.4 V, 4 M LiFSI/DEE enabled 182 cycles until 80% capacity retention while 4 M LiFSI/DME only achieved 94 cycles. This work points out a promising path toward the molecular design of non-fluorinated ether-based electrolyte solvents for practical high-voltage Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhiao Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Paul Rudnicki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Huaxin Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhuojun Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sang Cheol Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jian-Cheng Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xian Kong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Pham TD, Bin Faheem A, Lee KK. Design of a LiF-Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase Layer through Highly Concentrated LiFSI-THF Electrolyte for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103375. [PMID: 34636172 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal is a promising anode material for lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, dendrite growth and limited Coulombic efficiency (CE) during cycling have prevented its practical application in rechargeable batteries. Herein, a highly concentrated electrolyte composed of an ether solvent and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) salt is introduced, which enables the cycling of a lithium metal anode at a high CE (up to ≈99%) without dendrite growth, even at high current densities. Using 3.85 m LiFSI in tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the electrolyte, a Li||Li symmetric cell can be cycled at 1.0 mA cm-2 for more than 1000 h with stable polarization of ≈0.1 V, and Li||LFP cells can be cycled at 2 C (1 C = 170 mA g-1 ) for more than 1000 cycles with a capacity retention of 94.5%. These excellent performances are observed to be attributed to the increased cation-anion associated complexes, such as contact ion pairs and aggregate in the highly concentrated electrolyte; revealed by Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. These results demonstrate the benefits of a high-concentration LiFSI-THF electrolyte system, generating new possibilities for high-energy-density rechargeable LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Duong Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdullah Bin Faheem
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk, 54150, Republic of Korea
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