1
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Hui San S, Ching Ngai S. E-cadherin re-expression: Its potential in combating TRAIL resistance and reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Gene 2024; 909:148293. [PMID: 38373660 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The major limitation of conventional chemotherapy drugs is their lack of specificity for cancer cells. As a selective apoptosis-inducing agent, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has emerged as an attractive alternative. However, most of the cancer cells are found to be either intrinsically resistant to the TRAIL protein or may develop resistance after multiple treatments, and TRAIL resistance can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) at a later stage, promoting cancer invasion and migration. Interestingly, E-cadherin loss has been linked to TRAIL resistance and initiation of EMT, making E-cadherin re-expression a potential target to overcome these obstacles. Recent research suggests that re-expressing E-cadherin may reduce TRAIL resistance by enhancing TRAIL-induced apoptosis and preventing EMT by modulating EMT signalling factors. This reversal of EMT, can also aid in improving TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Therefore, this review provides remarkable insights into the mechanisms underlying E-cadherin re-expression, clinical implications, and potentiation, as well as the research gaps of E-cadherin re-expression in the current cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ser Hui San
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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2
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Freitas LAB, Sousa C, Lima BS, Duarte D, Gomes PATDM, Ramos CGC, Costa VDCM, Pitta MGDR, Rêgo MJBDM, de Simone CA, Videira M, Leite ACL. Thiazolyl-isatin derivatives: Synthesis, in silico studies, in vitro biological profile against breast cancer cells, mRNA expression, P-gp modulation, and interactions of Akt2 and VIM proteins. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 394:110954. [PMID: 38518852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The literature reports that thiazole and isatin nuclei present a range of biological activities, with an emphasis on anticancer activity. Therefore, our proposal was to make a series of compounds using the molecular hybridization strategy, which has been used by our research group, producing hybrid molecules containing the thiazole and isatin nuclei. After structural planning and synthesis, the compounds were characterized and evaluated in vitro against breast cancer cell lines (T-47D, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and against normal cells (PBMC). The activity profile on membrane proteins involved in chemoresistance and tumorigenic signaling proteins was also evaluated. Among the compounds tested, the compounds 4c and 4a stood out with IC50 values of 1.23 and 1.39 μM, respectively, against the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Both compounds exhibited IC50 values of 0.45 μM for the MCF-7 cell line. Compounds 4a and 4c significantly decreased P-gp mRNA expression levels in MCF-7, 4 and 2 folds respectively. Regarding the impact on tumorigenic signaling proteins, compound 4a inhibited Akt2 in MDA-MB-231 and compound 4c inhibited the mRNA expression of VIM in MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Alberto Barros Freitas
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Carolina Sousa
- Pharmacological and Regulatory Sciences Group (PharmRegSci), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Silva Lima
- Pharmacological and Regulatory Sciences Group (PharmRegSci), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Denise Duarte
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, 1349-008, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Camila Gabriela Costa Ramos
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Alberto de Simone
- Departamento de Física e Informática, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mafalda Videira
- Pharmacological and Regulatory Sciences Group (PharmRegSci), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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3
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Uehara M, Domoto T, Takenaka S, Takeuchi O, Shimasaki T, Miyashita T, Minamoto T. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β: the nexus of chemoresistance, invasive capacity, and cancer stemness in pancreatic cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:4. [PMID: 38318525 PMCID: PMC10838383 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The treatment of pancreatic cancer remains a significant clinical challenge due to the limited number of patients eligible for curative (R0) surgery, failures in the clinical development of targeted and immune therapies, and the pervasive acquisition of chemotherapeutic resistance. Refractory pancreatic cancer is typified by high invasiveness and resistance to therapy, with both attributes related to tumor cell stemness. These malignant characteristics mutually enhance each other, leading to rapid cancer progression. Over the past two decades, numerous studies have produced evidence of the pivotal role of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β in the progression of over 25 different cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. In this review, we synthesize the current knowledge on the pathological roles of aberrant GSK3β in supporting tumor cell proliferation and invasion, as well as its contribution to gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. Importantly, we discuss the central role of GSK3β as a molecular hub that mechanistically connects chemoresistance, tumor cell invasion, and stemness in pancreatic cancer. We also discuss the involvement of GSK3β in the formation of desmoplastic tumor stroma and in promoting anti-cancer immune evasion, both of which constitute major obstacles to successful cancer treatment. Overall, GSK3β has characteristics of a promising therapeutic target to overcome chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Uehara
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Takahiro Domoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Satoshi Takenaka
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Toyama City Hospital, Toyama 939-8511, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Biomedical Laboratory, Department of Research, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan
| | - Takeo Shimasaki
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Miyashita
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Toyama City Hospital, Toyama 939-8511, Japan
| | - Toshinari Minamoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
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4
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Yang C, Ding Y, Mao Z, Wang W. Nanoplatform-Mediated Autophagy Regulation and Combined Anti-Tumor Therapy for Resistant Tumors. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:917-944. [PMID: 38293604 PMCID: PMC10826716 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s445578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The overall cancer incidence and death toll have been increasing worldwide. However, the conventional therapies have some obvious limitations, such as non-specific targeting, systemic toxic effects, especially the multidrug resistance (MDR) of tumors, in which, autophagy plays a vital role. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new treatments to reduce adverse reactions, improve the treatment efficacy and expand their therapeutic indications more effectively and accurately. Combination therapy based on autophagy regulators is a very feasible and important method to overcome tumor resistance and sensitize anti-tumor drugs. However, the less improved efficacy, more systemic toxicity and other problems limit its clinical application. Nanotechnology provides a good way to overcome this limitation. Co-delivery of autophagy regulators combined with anti-tumor drugs through nanoplatforms provides a good therapeutic strategy for the treatment of tumors, especially drug-resistant tumors. Notably, the nanomaterials with autophagy regulatory properties have broad therapeutic prospects as carrier platforms, especially in adjuvant therapy. However, further research is still necessary to overcome the difficulties such as the safety, biocompatibility, and side effects of nanomedicine. In addition, clinical research is also indispensable to confirm its application in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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5
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He C, Ding Y, Yang Y, Che G, Teng F, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhou D, Chen Y, Zhou Z, Wang H, Teng L. Stem cell landscape aids in tumor microenvironment identification and selection of therapeutic agents in gastric cancer. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110965. [PMID: 37935339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) are strongly associated with the refractory characteristics of gastric cancer, including drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. The prognosis for advanced gastric cancer patients treated with multimodal therapy after surgery remains discouraging. GCSCs hold promise as therapeutic targets for GC patients. We obtained 26 sets of stem cell-related genes from the StemChecker database. The Consensus clustering algorithm was employed to discern three distinct stemness subtypes. Prognostic outcomes, components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and responses to therapies were compared among these subtypes. Following this, a stemness-risk model was formulated using weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA), alongside Cox regression and random survival forest analyses. The C2 subtype predominantly showed enrichment in negative prognostic CSC gene sets and demonstrated an immunosuppressive TME. This specific subtype exhibited minimal responsiveness to immunotherapies and demonstrated reduced sensitivity to drugs. Four pivotal genes were integrated into the construction of the stemness model. Gastric cancer patients with higher stemness-risk scores demonstrated poorer prognoses, a greater presence of immunosuppressive components in TME, and lower rates of treatment response. Subset analysis indicated that only the low-stemness risk subtype derives benefit from 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. The model's effectiveness in immunotherapeutic prediction was further validated in the PRJEB25780 cohort. Our study categorized gastric cancer patients into three stemness subtypes, each demonstrating distinct prognoses, components of TME infiltration, and varying sensitivity or resistance to standard chemotherapy or targeted therapy. We propose that the stemness risk model may help the development of well-grounded treatment recommendations and prognostic assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Che
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haohao Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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6
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Ibrahim MT, Lee J, Tao P. Homology modeling of Forkhead box protein C2: identification of potential inhibitors using ligand and structure-based virtual screening. Mol Divers 2023; 27:1661-1674. [PMID: 36048303 PMCID: PMC9975119 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of Forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) has been associated with different types of carcinomas. FOXC2 plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, which is essential for the development of higher-grade tumors with an enhanced ability for metastasis. Thus, FOXC2 has become a therapeutic target for the development of anticancer drugs. MC-1-F2, the only identified experimental inhibitor of FOXC2, interacts with the full length of FOXC2. However, only the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of FOXC2 has resolved crystal structure. In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) structure of the full-length FOXC2 using homology modeling was developed and used for structure-based drug design (SBDD). The quality of this 3D model of the full-length FOXC2 was evaluated using MolProbity, ERRAT, and ProSA modules. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was also carried out to verify its stability. Ligand-based drug design (LBDD) was carried out to identify similar analogues for MC-1-F2 against 15 million compounds from ChEMBL and ZINC databases. 792 molecules were retrieved from this similarity search. De novo SBDD was performed against the full-length 3D structure of FOXC2 through homology modeling to identify novel inhibitors. The combination of LBDD and SBDD helped in gaining a better insight into the binding of MC-1-F2 and its analogues against the full length of the FOXC2. The binding free energy of the top hits was further investigated using MD simulations and MM/GBSA calculations to result in eight promising hits as lead compounds targeting FOXC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayar Tarek Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research Computing, Center for Drug Discovery, Design, and Delivery (CD4), Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jiyong Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Peng Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research Computing, Center for Drug Discovery, Design, and Delivery (CD4), Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA.
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7
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Diao MN, Zhang XJ, Zhang YF. The critical roles of m6A RNA methylation in lung cancer: from mechanism to prognosis and therapy. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:8-23. [PMID: 36997662 PMCID: PMC10307841 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, a highly malignant disease, greatly affects patients' quality of life. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most common posttranscriptional modifications of various RNAs, including mRNAs and ncRNAs. Emerging studies have demonstrated that m6A participates in normal physiological processes and that its dysregulation is involved in many diseases, especially pulmonary tumorigenesis and progression. Among these, regulators including m6A writers, readers and erasers mediate m6A modification of lung cancer-related molecular RNAs to regulate their expression. Furthermore, the imbalance of this regulatory effect adversely affects signalling pathways related to lung cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and other biological behaviours. Based on the close association between m6A and lung cancer, various prognostic risk models have been established and novel drugs have been developed. Overall, this review comprehensively elaborates the mechanism of m6A regulation in the development of lung cancer, suggesting its potential for clinical application in the therapy and prognostic assessment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ning Diao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yin-Feng Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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8
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Lee DE, Lee GY, Lee HM, Choi SY, Lee SJ, Kwon OS. Synergistic apoptosis by combination of metformin and an O-GlcNAcylation inhibitor in colon cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:108. [PMID: 37268905 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although autophagy is an important mediator of metformin antitumor activity, the role of metformin in the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis remains unclear. The aim was to confirm the anticancer effect by inducing apoptosis by co-treatment with metformin and OSMI-1, an inhibitor of O-GlcNAcylation, in colon cancer cells. METHODS Cell viability was measured by MTT in colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW620 cells. Co-treatment with metformin and OSMI-1 induced autophagy and apoptosis, which was analyzed using western blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Combined treatment with metformin and OSMI-1 synergistically inhibit the growth of HCT116 was confirmed by xenograft tumors. RESULTS We showed that metformin inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity by inducing high levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to induce autophagy in HCT116 cells. Interestingly, metformin increased O-GlcNAcylation and glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) levels in HCT116 cells. Thus, metformin also blocks autophagy by enhancing O-GlcNAcylation, whereas OSMI-1 increases autophagy via ER stress. In contrast, combined metformin and OSMI-1 treatment resulted in continuous induction of autophagy and disruption of O-GlcNAcylation homeostasis, resulting in excessive autophagic flux, which synergistically induced apoptosis. Downregulation of Bcl2 promoted apoptosis via the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and CHOP overexpression, synergistically inducing apoptosis. The activation of IRE1α/JNK signaling by OSMI-1 and PERK/CHOP signaling by metformin combined to inhibit Bcl2 activity, ultimately leading to the upregulation of cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, combinatorial treatment of HCT116 cells with metformin and OSMI-1 resulted in more synergistic apoptosis being induced by enhancement of signal activation through ER stress-induced signaling rather than the cell protective autophagy function. These results in HCT116 cells were also confirmed in xenograft models, suggesting that this combination strategy could be utilized for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Eun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Yong Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Min Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Shin Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Wang Y, Zhang H, La Ferlita A, Sp N, Goryunova M, Sarchet P, Hu Z, Sorkin M, Kim A, Huang H, Zhu H, Tsung A, Pollock RE, Beane JD. Phosphorylation of IWS1 by AKT maintains liposarcoma tumor heterogeneity through preservation of cancer stem cell phenotypes and mesenchymal-epithelial plasticity. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:30. [PMID: 37237004 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for patients with advanced liposarcoma (LPS), but response rates are only 25% and the overall survival at 5 years is dismal at 20-34%. Translation of other therapies have not been successful and there has been no significant improvement in prognosis for nearly 20 years. The aberrant activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway has been implicated in the aggressive clinical behavior LPS and in resistance to chemotherapy, but the precise mechanism remains elusive and efforts to target AKT clinically have failed. Here we show that the AKT-mediated phosphorylation of the transcription elongation factor IWS1, promotes the maintenance of cancer stem cells in both cell and xenograft models of LPS. In addition, phosphorylation of IWS1 by AKT contributes to a "metastable" cell phenotype, characterized by mesenchymal/epithelial plasticity. The expression of phosphorylated IWS1 also promotes anchorage-dependent and independent growth, cell migration, invasion, and tumor metastasis. In patients with LPS, IWS1 expression is associated with reduced overall survival, increased frequency of recurrence, and shorter time to relapse after resection. These findings indicate that IWS1-mediated transcription elongation is an important regulator of human LPS pathobiology in an AKT-dependent manner and implicate IWS1 as an important molecular target to treat LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongji Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alessandro La Ferlita
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nipin Sp
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marina Goryunova
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Patricia Sarchet
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael Sorkin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alex Kim
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Raphael E Pollock
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joal D Beane
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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10
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Sharma R, Balta S, Raza A, Escalona RM, Kannourakis G, Prithviraj P, Ahmed N. In Vitro and In Silico Analysis of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stemness as Prognostic Markers of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092586. [PMID: 37174052 PMCID: PMC10177434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) involves the phenotypic transformation of cells from epithelial to mesenchymal status. The cells exhibiting EMT contain features of cancer stem cells (CSC), and the dual processes are responsible for progressive cancers. Activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) is fundamental to the pathogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and their role in promoting EMT and CSCs is crucial for ccRCC tumour cell survival, disease progression, and metastatic spread. In this study, we explored the status of HIF genes and their downstream targets, EMT and CSC markers, by immunohistochemistry on in-house accrued ccRCC biopsies and adjacent non-tumorous tissues from patients undergoing partial or radical nephrectomy. In combination, we comprehensively analysed the expression of HIF genes and its downstream EMT and CSC-associated targets relevant to ccRCC by using publicly available datasets, the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and the clinical proteome tumour analysis consortium (CPTAC). The aim was to search for novel biological prognostic markers that can stratify high-risk patients likely to experience metastatic disease. Using the above two approaches, we report the development of novel gene signatures that may help to identify patients at a high risk of developing metastatic and progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revati Sharma
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Mt Helen Campus, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Showan Balta
- Dorevitch Pathology, Ballarat Base Hospital, Drummond Street, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Ali Raza
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Mt Helen Campus, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Ruth M Escalona
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Mt Helen Campus, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Prashanth Prithviraj
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Mt Helen Campus, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Mt Helen Campus, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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11
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Segal BH, Giridharan T, Suzuki S, Khan ANH, Zsiros E, Emmons TR, Yaffe MB, Gankema AAF, Hoogeboom M, Goetschalckx I, Matlung HL, Kuijpers TW. Neutrophil interactions with T cells, platelets, endothelial cells, and of course tumor cells. Immunol Rev 2023; 314:13-35. [PMID: 36527200 PMCID: PMC10174640 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils sense microbes and host inflammatory mediators, and traffic to sites of infection where they direct a broad armamentarium of antimicrobial products against pathogens. Neutrophils are also activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are products of cellular injury that stimulate the innate immune system through pathways that are similar to those activated by microbes. Neutrophils and platelets become activated by injury, and cluster and cross-signal to each other with the cumulative effect of driving antimicrobial defense and hemostasis. In addition, neutrophil extracellular traps are extracellular chromatin and granular constituents that are generated in response to microbial and damage motifs and are pro-thrombotic and injurious. Although neutrophils can worsen tissue injury, neutrophils may also have a role in facilitating wound repair following injury. A central theme of this review relates to how critical functions of neutrophils that evolved to respond to infection and damage modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) in ways that can promote or limit tumor progression. Neutrophils are reprogrammed by the TME, and, in turn, can cross-signal to tumor cells and reshape the immune landscape of tumors. Importantly, promising new therapeutic strategies have been developed to target neutrophil recruitment and function to make cancer immunotherapy more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahm H Segal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Thejaswini Giridharan
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sora Suzuki
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Anm Nazmul H Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Emese Zsiros
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Tiffany R Emmons
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Angela A F Gankema
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Hoogeboom
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ines Goetschalckx
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanke L Matlung
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Fujiwara S, Saiki Y, Fukushige S, Yamanaka M, Ishida M, Motoi F, Unno M, Horii A. TWIST1 is a prognostic factor for neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with resectable pancreatic cancer: a preliminary study. Surg Today 2023; 53:633-639. [PMID: 36764935 PMCID: PMC10110717 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-023-02655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the development of chemotherapies have helped improve the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, predicting factors for the outcomes of chemotherapies (either gemcitabine or S-1) have not yet been established. We analyzed the expression of 4 major epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-inducing transcription factors in 38 PDAC patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy after radical resection to examine the association with patients' prognoses. The TWIST1-positive group showed a significantly poorer prognosis than the TWIST1-negative group for both the relapse-free survival (median survival time [MST] of 8.9 vs. 18.5 months, P = 0.016) and the overall survival (MST of 15.2 vs. 33.4 months, P = 0.023). A multivariate analysis revealed that TWIST1 positivity was an independent prognostic factor for a poor response to adjuvant chemotherapies (hazard ratio 2.61; 95% confidence interval 1.10-6.79; P = 0.029). These results suggest that TWIST1 can be utilized as an important poor prognostic factor for radically resected PDAC patients with adjuvant chemotherapy, potentially including neoadjuvant therapy using these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Fujiwara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan. .,Department of Surgery, Iwate Prefectural Chubu Hospital, Kitakami, Iwate, 024-8507, Japan.
| | - Yuriko Saiki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Fukushige
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mie Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masaharu Ishida
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Motoi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Surgery I, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akira Horii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan. .,Saka General Hospital, Shiogama, Miyagi, 985-0024, Japan.
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13
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The role of exosomes in the molecular mechanisms of metastasis: Focusing on EMT and cancer stem cells. Life Sci 2022; 310:121103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Wong KY, Cheung AH, Chen B, Chan WN, Yu J, Lo KW, Kang W, To KF. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in nonsmall cell lung cancer: From molecular mechanisms to clinical implications. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1195-1215. [PMID: 35603909 PMCID: PMC9545594 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the common and leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The tumor microenvironment has been recognized to be instrumental in tumorigenesis. To have a deep understanding of the molecular mechanism of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have gained increasing research interests. CAFs belong to the crucial and dominant cell population in the tumor microenvironment to support the cancer cells. The interplay and partnership between cancer cells and CAFs contribute to each stage of tumorigenesis. CAFs exhibit prominent heterogeneity and secrete different kinds of cytokines and chemokines, growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins involved in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. Many studies focused on the protumorigenic functions of CAFs, yet many challenges about the heterogeneity of CAFS remain unresolved. This review comprehensively summarized the tumor-promoting role and molecular mechanisms of CAFs in NSCLC, including their origin, phenotypic changes and heterogeneity and their functional roles in carcinogenesis. Meanwhile, we also highlighted the updated molecular classifications based on the molecular features and functional roles of CAFs. With the development of cutting-edge platforms and further investigations of CAFs, novel therapeutic strategies for accurately targeting CAFs in NSCLC may be developed based on the increased understanding of the relevant molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Yee Wong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyPrince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Alvin Ho‐Kwan Cheung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyPrince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyPrince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Wai Nok Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyPrince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyPrince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyPrince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyPrince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
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15
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Zou M, Yin X, Zhou X, Niu X, Wang Y, Su M. Salinomycin-Loaded High-Density Lipoprotein Exerts Promising Anti-Ovarian Cancer Effects by Inhibiting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4059-4071. [PMID: 36105618 PMCID: PMC9467852 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s380598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective treatments for ovarian cancer remain elusive, and survival rates have long been considered grim. Ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) are associated with cancer progression and metastasis, as well as drug resistance and eventual treatment failure. Salinomycin (Sal) has an extensive effect on a variety of cancer stem cells (CSCs); however, its poor water solubility and toxicity to healthy tissues at high doses limit further research into its potential as an anti-cancer drug. We proposed a therapeutic strategy by constructing a tumor-targeting carrier that mimics high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to synthesize salinomycin-loaded high-density lipoprotein (S-HDL). This strategy helps reduce the side effects of salinomycin, thereby improving its clinical benefits. Methods OCSCs were isolated from ovarian cancer cells (OCCs) and the uptake of HDL nanoparticles was observed using laser confocal microscopes. After the cell viability analysis revealed the inhibitory effect of S-HDL on OCCs and OCSCs, the main biological processes influenced by S-HDL were predicted with a transcriptome sequencing analysis and verified in vitro and in vivo. Results Cellular uptake analysis showed that the HDL delivery system was able to significantly enhance the uptake of Sal by OCCs, tentatively validating the targeting role of recombinant HDL, so that S-HDL could reduce the toxicity of Sal and increase its anti-ovarian cancer effects. Conversely, S-HDL could exert anti-ovarian cancer effects by inhibiting the proliferation of OCCs and OCSCs, promoting apoptosis, blocking EMT, and suppressing stemness and angiogenesis-related protein expression in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion S-HDL had stronger anti-ovarian cancer effects than unencapsulated Sal. Thus, it may be a potential agent for ovarian cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zou
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xirui Yin
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Niu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Su
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
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16
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Xu L, Zhang J, Sun J, Hou K, Yang C, Guo Y, Liu X, Kalvakolanu DV, Zhang L, Guo B. Epigenetic regulation of cancer stem cells: Shedding light on the refractory/relapsed cancers. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115110. [PMID: 35640714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The resistance to drugs, ability to enter quiescence and generate heterogeneous cancer cells, and enhancement of aggressiveness, make cancer stem cells (CSCs) integral part of tumor progression, metastasis and recurrence after treatment. The epigenetic modification machinery is crucial for the viability of CSCs and evolution of aggressive forms of a tumor. These mechanisms can also be targeted by specific drugs, providing a promising approach for blocking CSCs. In this review, we summarize the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in CSCs which contribute to drug resistance, quiescence and tumor heterogeneity. We also discuss the drugs that can potentially target these processes and data from experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jicheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Kunlin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Chenxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Dhan V Kalvakolanu
- Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
| | - Baofeng Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
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17
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Zhou Y, Qiu S, Kim JT, Lee SB, Park HJ, Son MJ, Lee HJ, Chen J. Garcinone C Suppresses Tumorsphere Formation and Invasiveness by Hedgehog/Gli1 Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Stem-like Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7941-7952. [PMID: 35749593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivation of hedgehog signaling occurs in colorectal cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), a rare subpopulation, potentially involved in metastasis, chemotherapy resistance, and cancer relapse. Garcinone C, a xanthone isolated from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), suppresses colorectal cancer in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting Gli1-dependent noncanonical hedgehog signaling. Herein, we investigated the effect of garcinone C on cancer stemness and invasiveness in colorectal cancer; Gli1 was noted as pivotal in maintaining stemness and invasiveness in HCT116 and HT29 CSCs. Garcinone C inhibited the proliferation and self-renewal of HCT116 and HT29 CSCs. Colon cancer stemness markers such as CD44, CD133, ALDH1, and Nanog were significantly decreased by garcinone C. Computational studies showed that garcinone C showed a high affinity with the Gli1 protein ZF domain by forming hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues of ASP244, ARG223, and ASP216. Besides, MG132 blocked the effects of garcinone C on Gli1. Thus, garcinone C suppressed colorectal CSCs by binding to Gli1 and enhancing its degradation. MMP2 and MMP9 levels, invasive-related markers, were increased in HCT116 CSCs but decreased by garcinone C. E-cadherin level was reduced in HCT116 CSCs, while the presence of garcinone C was restored. Garcinone C inhibited the proliferation and invasiveness of colorectal CSCs by targeting Gli1-dependent Hh signaling. Garcinone C may be a potent natural agent against colorectal cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Jin Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Seung Beom Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Ho Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Moon Jeong Son
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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18
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Role of CD44 isoforms in epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:391-406. [PMID: 35023031 PMCID: PMC10042269 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellular plasticity lies at the core of cancer progression, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer are concepts that represent a cancer cell's ability to coopt and adapt normal developmental programs to promote survival and expansion. The cancer stem cell model states that a small subset of cancer cells with stem cell-like properties are responsible for driving tumorigenesis and metastasis while remaining especially resistant to common chemotherapeutic drugs. Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity describes a cancer cell's ability to transition between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes which drives invasion and metastasis. Recent research supports the existence of stable epithelial/mesenchymal hybrid phenotypes which represent highly plastic states with cancer stem cell characteristics. The cell adhesion molecule CD44 is a widely accepted marker for cancer stem cells, and it lies at a functional intersection between signaling networks regulating both stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. CD44 expression is complex, with alternative splicing producing many isoforms. Interestingly, not only does the pattern of isoform expression change during transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes in cancer, but these isoforms have distinct effects on cell behavior including the promotion of metastasis and stemness. The role of CD44 both downstream and upstream of signaling pathways regulating epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and stemness make this protein a valuable target for further research and therapeutic intervention.
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Ogata FT, Simões Sato AY, Coppo L, Arai RJ, Stern AI, Pequeno Monteiro H. Thiol-Based Antioxidants and the Epithelial/Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:1037-1050. [PMID: 34541904 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The epithelial/mesenchymal transition (EMT) is commonly associated with tumor metastasis. Oxidative and nitrosative stress is maintained in cancer cells and is involved in the EMT. Cancer cells are endowed with high levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, which counteract the effects of oxidative and nitrosative stress. Thiol-based antioxidant systems such as the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase (Trx/TrxR) and glutathione/glutaredoxin (GSH/Grx) are continually active in cancer cells, while the thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip), the negative regulator of the Trx/TrxR system, is downregulated. Recent Advances: Trx/TrxR and GSH/Grx systems play a major role in maintaining EMT signaling and cancer cell progression. Critical Issues: Enhanced stress conditions stimulated in cancer cells inhibit EMT signaling. The elevated expression levels of the Trx/TrxR and GSH/Grx systems in these cells provide the antioxidant protection necessary to guarantee the occurrence of the EMT. Future Directions: Elevation of the intracellular reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide concentrations in cancer cells has been viewed as a promising strategy for elimination of these cells. The development of inhibitors of GSH synthesis and of the Trx/TrxR system together with genetic-based strategies to enhance Txnip levels may provide the necessary means to achieve this goal. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1037-1050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Toshio Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy-CTCMol, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Yuri Simões Sato
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy-CTCMol, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia Coppo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberto Jun Arai
- Department of Oncology and Radiology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina-Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arnold Ira Stern
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hugo Pequeno Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy-CTCMol, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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The Complex Biology of the Obesity-Induced, Metastasis-Promoting Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052480. [PMID: 35269622 PMCID: PMC8910079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in women contributing to cancer-related death in the advanced world. Apart from the menopausal status, the trigger for developing breast cancer may vary widely from race to lifestyle factors. Epidemiological studies refer to obesity-associated metabolic changes as a critical risk factor behind the progression of breast cancer. The plethora of signals arising due to obesity-induced changes in adipocytes present in breast tumor microenvironment, significantly affect the behavior of adjacent breast cells. Adipocytes from white adipose tissue are currently recognized as an active endocrine organ secreting different bioactive compounds. However, due to excess energy intake and increased fat accumulation, there are morphological followed by secretory changes in adipocytes, which make the breast microenvironment proinflammatory. This proinflammatory milieu not only increases the risk of breast cancer development through hormone conversion, but it also plays a role in breast cancer progression through the activation of effector proteins responsible for the biological phenomenon of metastasis. The aim of this review is to present a comprehensive picture of the complex biology of obesity-induced changes in white adipocytes and demonstrate the relationship between obesity and breast cancer progression to metastasis.
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21
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Comparison of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells and Oxaliplatin-Resistant Cells Unveils Functional Similarities. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030511. [PMID: 35159320 PMCID: PMC8833894 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in women, the third in men, and an important cause of cancer-related mortality. Recurrence and the development of chemotherapy resistance are major hindrances for patients’ treatment. The presence of cancer stem cells with chemotherapy resistance able to generate proliferating tumor cells contributes to tumor recurrence and resistance. In addition, tumor cells can develop chemoresistance through adaptation mechanisms. In this article, cancer stem cells were isolated from HT29 and SW620 colorectal cancer cell lines. Oxaliplatin resistance was induced by a single drug treatment simulating the usual guidelines of patient treatment. A comparison of these two populations showed similarities since cancer stem cells presented increased oxaliplatin resistance, and resistant cells contained an increased number of cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells isolated from resistant cells showed increased oxaliplatin resistance. Cell invasion capacity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were increased both in cancer stem cells and oxaliplatin-resistant cells. mRNA expression analysis showed that both cell types shared a significant proportion of commonly regulated genes. In summary, the data presented indicate that colorectal cancer stem cells and oxaliplatin-resistant cells are highly related cell populations that might have interesting implications in the development of tumor recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy.
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22
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Nam MW, Kim CW, Choi KC. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Inducing Factors Involved in the Progression of Lung Cancers. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:213-220. [PMID: 35039464 PMCID: PMC9047489 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there have been advances in cancer therapy and surgical improvement, lung cancer has the lowest survival rate (19%) at all stages. This is because most patients are diagnosed with concurrent metastasis, which occurs due to numerous related reasons. Especially, lung cancer is one of the most common and malignant cancers in the world. Although there are advanced therapeutic strategies, lung cancer remains one of the main causes of cancer death. Recent work has proposed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the main cause of metastasis in most cases of human cancers including lung cancer. EMT involves the conversion of epithelial cells, wherein the cells lose their epithelial abilities and become mesenchymal cells involved in embryonic development, such as gastrulation and neural crest formation. In addition, recent research has indicated that EMT contributes to altering the cancer cells into cancer stem cells (CSCs). Although EMT is important in the developmental stages, this process also activates lung cancer progression, including complicated and diverse signaling pathways. Despite the numerous investigations on signaling pathways involved in the progression of lung cancer, this malignancy is considered critical for treatment. EMT in lung cancer involves many transcription factors and inducers, for example, Snail, TWIST, and ZEB are the master regulators of EMT. EMT-related factors and signaling pathways are involved in the progression of lung cancer, proposing new approaches to lung cancer therapy. In the current review, we highlight the signaling pathways implicated in lung cancer and elucidate the correlation of these pathways, indicating new insights to treat lung cancer and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Woo Nam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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23
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Zhang M, Wang D, Su L, Ma J, Wang S, Cui M, Hong S, Guan B, Ma X. Activity of Wnt/PCP Regulation Pathway Classifies Patients of Low-Grade Glioma Into Molecularly Distinct Subgroups With Prognostic Difference. Front Oncol 2021; 11:726034. [PMID: 34540693 PMCID: PMC8440981 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.726034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wingless/Int-1 (Wnt) signaling is one of the most well-known oncogenic pathways. Numerous studies have uncovered an aberrant expression of Wnt in cancer and its association with multiple oncogenic processes, such as cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and invasiveness. Most previous studies mainly focused on the canonical branch of Wnt signaling pathway, i.e., Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway, as the most recently described branch of Wnt signaling, was much less investigated in oncology research. In this study, we thoroughly characterized the activity of the Wnt/PCP regulation pathway in low-grade glioma (LGG) patients. Subtyping based on the expression pattern of the Wnt/PCP regulation pathway revealed three (C1–C3) subgroups with significant survival differences. Each group displayed distinct genomic characteristics. For instance, C1 was enriched with capicua transcriptional repressor (CIC) truncating mutations and 1p19q codel. C2 was characterized with tumor protein p53 (TP53) and ATRX chromatin remodeler (ATRX) inactivating mutations but depletion of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations. C3 showed elevated malignancy reflected from several oncogenic characteristics, such as tumor heterogeneity and cell stemness, and demonstrated the worst survival outcome. In addition, C3 showed elevated macrophage segregation via induction of cytokines that are able to enhance the permeability of the brain–blood barrier (BBB). Lastly, we developed a prognostic model based on the risk score system. Validation indicated that our model can independently predict the prognosis of LGG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Southern District of Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy, Sanya, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lan Su
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Sizhen Wang
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shunming Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Guan
- Health Economics Department, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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24
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Sato R, Imamura K, Semba T, Tomita Y, Saeki S, Ikeda K, Komohara Y, Suzuki M, Sakagami T, Saya H, Arima Y. TGFβ Signaling Activated by Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Determines the Histological Signature of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4751-4765. [PMID: 34289987 PMCID: PMC9397619 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Invasive lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) can be classified histologically as lepidic, acinar, papillary, micropapillary, or solid. Most LADC tumors manifest several of these histological subtypes, with heterogeneity being related to therapeutic resistance. We report here that in immunodeficient mice, human LADC cells form tumors with distinct histological features, MUC5AC-expressing solid-type or cytokeratin 7 (CK7)-expressing acinar-type tumors, depending on the site of development, and that a solid-to-acinar transition (SAT) could be induced by the tumor microenvironment. The TGFβ-Smad signaling pathway was activated in both tumor and stromal cells of acinar-type tumors. Immortalized cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) derived from acinar-type tumors induced SAT in 3D cocultures with LADC cells. Exogenous TGFβ1 or overexpression of an active form of TGFβ1 increased CK7 expression and reduced MUC5AC expression in LADC cells, and knockdown of Tgfb1 mRNA in CAFs attenuated SAT induction. RNA-sequencing analysis suggested that angiogenesis and neutrophil recruitment are associated with SAT in vivo. Our data indicate that CAF-mediated paracrine TGFβ signaling induces remodeling of tumor tissue and determines the histological pattern of LADC, thereby contributing to tumor heterogeneity. SIGNIFICANCE: CAFs secrete TGFβ to induce a solid-to-acinar transition in lung cancer cells, demonstrating how the tumor microenvironment influences histological patterns and tumor heterogeneity in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sato
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Imamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Semba
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tomita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sho Saeki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koei Ikeda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takuro Sakagami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Arima
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Corresponding Author: Yoshimi Arima, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160–8582, Japan. Phone: 81–3-5363–3983. Fax: 81–3-5363–3983. E-mail:
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25
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Diener J, Baggiolini A, Pernebrink M, Dalcher D, Lerra L, Cheng PF, Varum S, Häusel J, Stierli S, Treier M, Studer L, Basler K, Levesque MP, Dummer R, Santoro R, Cantù C, Sommer L. Epigenetic control of melanoma cell invasiveness by the stem cell factor SALL4. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5056. [PMID: 34417458 PMCID: PMC8379183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma cells rely on developmental programs during tumor initiation and progression. Here we show that the embryonic stem cell (ESC) factor Sall4 is re-expressed in the Tyr::NrasQ61K; Cdkn2a-/- melanoma model and that its expression is necessary for primary melanoma formation. Surprisingly, while Sall4 loss prevents tumor formation, it promotes micrometastases to distant organs in this melanoma-prone mouse model. Transcriptional profiling and in vitro assays using human melanoma cells demonstrate that SALL4 loss induces a phenotype switch and the acquisition of an invasive phenotype. We show that SALL4 negatively regulates invasiveness through interaction with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) 2 and direct co-binding to a set of invasiveness genes. Consequently, SALL4 knock down, as well as HDAC inhibition, promote the expression of an invasive signature, while inhibition of histone acetylation partially reverts the invasiveness program induced by SALL4 loss. Thus, SALL4 appears to regulate phenotype switching in melanoma through an HDAC2-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Diener
- University of Zürich, Institute of Anatomy, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Arianna Baggiolini
- University of Zürich, Institute of Anatomy, Zürich, Switzerland
- Developmental Biology, The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mattias Pernebrink
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Damian Dalcher
- University of Zürich, Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Lerra
- University of Zürich, Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Phil F Cheng
- University Hospital of Zürich, Department of Dermatology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Varum
- University of Zürich, Institute of Anatomy, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Häusel
- University of Zürich, Institute of Anatomy, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Salome Stierli
- University of Zürich, Institute of Anatomy, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Treier
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenz Studer
- Developmental Biology, The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Konrad Basler
- University of Zürich, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- University Hospital of Zürich, Department of Dermatology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- University Hospital of Zürich, Department of Dermatology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Raffaella Santoro
- University of Zürich, Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- University of Zürich, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Sommer
- University of Zürich, Institute of Anatomy, Zürich, Switzerland.
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26
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Ozkan E, Bakar-Ates F. Ferroptosis: A Trusted Ally in Combating Drug Resistance in Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:41-55. [PMID: 34375173 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210810115812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, which is an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic cell death mechanism, has recently been proposed as a novel approach in cancer treatment. Bearing distinctive features and its exclusive mechanism have put forward the potential therapeutic benefit of triggering this newly discovered form of cell death. Numerous studies have indicated that apoptotic pathways are often deactivated in resistant cells, leading to a failure in therapy. Hence, alternative strategies to promote cell death are required. Mounting evidence suggests that drug-resistant cancer cells are particularly sensitive to ferroptosis. Given that cancer cells consume a higher amount of iron than healthy ones, ferroptosis not only stands as an excellent alternative to trigger cell death and reverse drug-resistance, but also provides selectivity in therapy. This review focuses specifically on overcoming drug-resistance in cancer through activating ferroptotic pathways and brings together the relevant chemotherapeutics-based and nanotherapeutics-based studies to offer a perspective for researchers regarding the potential use of this mechanism in developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erva Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Bakar-Ates
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
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27
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Rosner M, Hengstschläger M. Three-dimensional migration of human amniotic fluid stem cells involves mesenchymal and amoeboid modes and is regulated by mTORC1. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:1718-1732. [PMID: 34331786 PMCID: PMC9291078 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three‐dimensional (3D) cell migration is an integral part of many physiologic processes. Although being well studied in the context of adult tissue homeostasis and cancer development, remarkably little is known about the invasive behavior of human stem cells. Using two different kinds of invasion assays, this study aimed at investigating and characterizing the 3D migratory capacity of human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs), a well‐established fetal stem cell type. Eight hAFSC lines were found to harbor pronounced potential to penetrate basement membrane (BM)‐like matrices. Morphological examination and inhibitor approaches revealed that 3D migration of hAFSCs involves both the matrix metalloprotease‐dependent mesenchymal, elongated mode and the Rho‐associated protein kinase‐dependent amoeboid, round mode. Moreover, hAFSCs could be shown to harbor transendothelial migration capacity and to exhibit a motility‐associated marker expression pattern. Finally, the potential to cross extracellular matrix was found to be induced by mTORC1‐activating growth factors and reduced by blocking mTORC1 activity. Taken together, this report provides the first demonstration that human stem cells exhibit mTORC1‐dependent invasive capacity and can concurrently make use of mesenchymal and amoeboid 3D cell migration modes, which represents an important step toward the full biological characterization of fetal human stem cells with relevance to both developmental research and stem cell‐based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Rosner
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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28
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Kim DK, Kim YN, Kim YE, Lee SY, Shin MJ, Do EK, Choi KU, Kim SC, Kim KH, Suh DS, Song P, Kim JH. TRIB2 Stimulates Cancer Stem-Like Properties through Activating the AKT-GSK3β-β-Catenin Signaling Axis. Mol Cells 2021; 44:481-492. [PMID: 34326276 PMCID: PMC8334352 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tribbles homolog 2 (TRIB2) is implicated in tumorigenesis and drug resistance in various types of cancers. However, the role of TRIB2 in the regulation of tumorigenesis and drug resistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is still elusive. In the present study, we showed increased expression of TRIB2 in spheroid-forming and aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive CSC populations of A2780 epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Short hairpin RNA-mediated silencing of TRIB2 expression attenuates the spheroid-forming, migratory, tumorigenic, and drug-resistant properties of A2780 cells, whereas overexpression of TRIB2 increases the CSC-like characteristics. TRIB2 overexpression induced GSK3β inactivation by augmenting AKT-dependent phosphorylation of GSK3β at Ser9, followed by increasing β-catenin level via reducing the GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation of β-catenin. Treatment of TRIB2-ovexpressed A2780 cells with the phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 abrogated TRIB2-stimulated proliferation, migration, drug resistance of A2780 cells. These results suggest a critical role for TRIB2 in the regulation of CSC-like properties by increasing the stability of β-catenin protein via the AKT-GSK3β-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Kyoung Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Yu Na Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Ye Eun Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Seo Yul Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Min Joo Shin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Do
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Kyung-Un Choi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Parkyong Song
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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29
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Zheng C, Yan S, Lu L, Yao H, He G, Chen S, Li Y, Peng X, Cheng Z, Wu M, Zhang Q, Li G, Fu S, Deng X. Lovastatin Inhibits EMT and Metastasis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Stem Cells Through Dysregulation of Cytoskeleton-Associated Proteins. Front Oncol 2021; 11:656687. [PMID: 34150623 PMCID: PMC8212055 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.656687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is more aggressive and has poorer prognosis compared to other subtypes of breast cancer. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which epithelial cells transform into mesenchymal-like cells capable of migration, invasion, and metastasis. Recently, we have demonstrated that lovastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor and a lipid-lowering drug, could inhibit stemness properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs) derived from TNBC cell in vitro and in vivo. This study is aimed at investigating whether lovastatin inhibits TNBC CSCs by inhibiting EMT and suppressing metastasis and the mechanism involved. In the present study, we found that lovastatin dysregulated lysine succinylation of cytoskeleton-associated proteins in CSCs derived from TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell. Lovastatin inhibited EMT as demonstrated by down-regulation of the protein levels of Vimentin and Twist in MDA-MB-231 CSCs in vitro and vivo and by reversal of TGF-β1-induced morphological change in MCF10A cells. Lovastatin also inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 CSCs. The disruption of cytoskeleton in TNBC CSCs by lovastatin was demonstrated by the reduction of the number of pseudopodia and the relocation of F-actin cytoskeleton. Combination of lovastatin with doxorubicin synergistically inhibited liver metastasis of MDA-MB-231 CSCs. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that higher expression levels of cytoskeleton-associated genes were characteristic of TNBC and predicted survival outcomes in breast cancer patients. These data suggested that lovastatin could inhibit the EMT and metastasis of TNBC CSCs in vitro and in vivo through dysregulation of cytoskeleton-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shichao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangchun He
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | | | | | - Mi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Guifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shujun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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30
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Hsieh PF, Yu CC, Chu PM, Hsieh PL. Long Non-Coding RNA MEG3 in Cellular Stemness. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105348. [PMID: 34069546 PMCID: PMC8161278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate a diverse array of cellular processes at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNA MEG3 exerts a large repertoire of regulatory functions in cellular stemness. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNA MEG3 functions as a signal, scaffold, guide, and decoy for multi-lineage differentiation and even cancer progression. The role of MEG3 in various types of stem cells and cancer stem cells is discussed. Here, we provide an overview of the functional versatility of lncRNA MEG3 in modulating pluripotency, differentiation, and cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Urology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
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Guo H, Wang S, Ju M, Yan P, Sun W, Li Z, Wu S, Lin R, Xian S, Yang D, Wang J, Huang Z. Identification of Stemness-Related Genes for Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Endocervical Adenocarcinoma by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642724. [PMID: 33842467 PMCID: PMC8027330 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer are the main factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC). Therefore, it is of vital importance to find novel biomarkers that are associated with CESC invasion and metastasis, which will aid in the amelioration of individualized therapeutic methods for advanced patients. Methods The gene expression profiles of 10 metastatic and 116 non-metastatic samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), where differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to identify the stemness-related genes (SRGs). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the most significant prognostic key genes. Differential expression analysis of transcription factor (TF) and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) were utilized to explore the potential upstream regulation of TFs and downstream signaling pathways, respectively. Co-expression analysis was performed among significantly enriched TFs, key SRGs, and signaling pathways to construct a metastasis-specific regulation network in CESC. Connectivity Map (CMap) analysis was performed to identify bioactive small molecules which might be potential inhibitors for the network. Additionally, direct regulatory patterns of key genes were validated by ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq data. Results DEGs in yellow module acquired via WGCNA were defined as key genes which were most significantly related to mRNAsi. A multivariate Cox regression model was constructed and then utilized to explore the prognostic value of key SRGs by risk score. Area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.842. There was an obvious co expression pattern between the TF NR5A2 and the key gene VIM (R = 0.843, p < 0.001), while VIM was also significantly co-expressed with hallmark epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway (R = 0.318, p < 0.001). Naringenin was selected as the potential bioactive small molecule inhibitor for metastatic CESC based on CMap analysis. Conclusions VIM positively regulated by NR5A2 affected EMT signaling pathways in metastatic CESC, and naringenin was the inhibitor for the treatment of metastatic CESC via suppressing cancer stemness. This hypothetical signaling axis and potential inhibitors provide biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for metastatic CESC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siqiao Wang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Ju
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Penghui Yan
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenhuizi Sun
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Wu
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyi Lin
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyuan Xian
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Daoke Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zongqiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Yoshida GJ, Saya H. Molecular pathology underlying the robustness of cancer stem cells. Regen Ther 2021; 17:38-50. [PMID: 33869685 PMCID: PMC8024885 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity is tightly associated with the failure of anticancer treatment modalities including conventional chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and molecularly targeted therapy. Such heterogeneity is generated in an evolutionary manner not only as a result of genetic alterations but also by the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are proposed to exist at the top of a tumor cell hierarchy and are undifferentiated tumor cells that manifest enhanced tumorigenic and metastatic potential, self-renewal capacity, and therapeutic resistance. Properties that contribute to the robustness of CSCs include the abilities to withstand redox stress, to rapidly repair damaged DNA, to adapt to a hyperinflammatory or hyponutritious tumor microenvironment, and to expel anticancer drugs by the action of ATP-binding cassette transporters as well as plasticity with regard to the transition between dormant CSC and transit-amplifying progenitor cell phenotypes. In addition, CSCs manifest the phenomenon of metabolic reprogramming, which is essential for maintenance of their self-renewal potential and their ability to adapt to changes in the tumor microenvironment. Elucidation of the molecular underpinnings of these biological features of CSCs is key to the development of novel anticancer therapies. In this review, we highlight the pathological relevance of CSCs in terms of their hallmarks and identification, the properties of their niche—both in primary tumors and at potential sites of metastasis—and their resistance to oxidative stress dependent on system xc (−). Intratumoral heterogeneity driven by CSCs is responsible for therapeutic resistance. CTCs survive in the distant organs and achieve colonization, causing metastasis. E/M hybrid cancer cells due to partial EMT exhibit the highest metastatic potential. The CSC niche regulates stemness in metastatic disease as well as in primary tumor. Activation of system xc(-) by CD44 variant in CSCs is a promising therapeutic target.
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Key Words
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette
- ALDH, Aldehyde dehydrogenase
- BMP, Bone morphogenetic protein
- CAF, Cancer-associated fibroblast
- CD44 variant
- CD44v, CD44 variant
- CSC, Cancer stem cell
- CTC, Circulating tumor cell
- CagA, Cytotoxin-associated gene A
- Cancer stem cell
- DTC, Disseminated tumor cell
- E/M, Epithelial/mesenchymal
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- EGF, Epidermal growth factor
- EMT, Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- EpCAM, Epithelial cell adhesion moleculeE
- Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)
- GSC, Glioma stem cell
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- HGF, Hepatocyte growth factor
- HNSCC, Head and neck squamous cell cancer
- IL, Interleukin
- Intratumoral heterogeneity
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MET, mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition
- NSCLC, non–small cell lung cancer
- Niche
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2
- OXPHOS, Oxidative phosphorylation
- Plasticity
- Prrx1, Paired-related homeodomain transcription factor 1
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SRP1, Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1
- TGF-β, Transforming growth factor–β
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Affiliation(s)
- Go J Yoshida
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Kasuga A, Semba T, Sato R, Nobusue H, Sugihara E, Takaishi H, Kanai T, Saya H, Arima Y. Oncogenic KRAS-expressing organoids with biliary epithelial stem cell properties give rise to biliary tract cancer in mice. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1822-1838. [PMID: 33068050 PMCID: PMC8088913 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) arises from biliary epithelial cells (BECs) and includes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC), gallbladder cancer (GC), and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC). Although frequent KRAS mutations and epigenetic changes at the INK4A/ARF locus have been identified, the molecular pathogenesis of BTC is unclear and the development of corresponding anticancer agents remains inadequate. We isolated epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)–positive BECs from the mouse intrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder, and extrahepatic bile duct, and established organoids derived from these cells. Introduction of activated KRAS and homozygous deletion of Ink4a/Arf in the cells of each organoid type conferred the ability to form lethal metastatic adenocarcinoma with differentiated components and a pronounced desmoplastic reaction on cell transplantation into syngeneic mice, indicating that the manipulated cells correspond to BTC–initiating cells. The syngeneic mouse models recapitulate the pathological features of human IHCC, GC, and EHCC, and they should therefore prove useful for the investigation of BTC carcinogenesis and the development of new therapeutic strategies. Tumor cells isolated from primary tumors formed organoids in three‐dimensional culture, and serial syngeneic transplantation of these cells revealed that their cancer stem cell properties were supported by organoid culture, but not by adherent culture. Adherent culture thus attenuated tumorigenic activity as well as the expression of both epithelial and stem cell markers, whereas the expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)–related transcription factor genes and mesenchymal cell markers was induced. Our data show that organoid culture is important for maintenance of epithelial cell characteristics, stemness, and tumorigenic activity of BTC–initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Kasuga
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Semba
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Sato
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nobusue
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugihara
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Takaishi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Arima
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Prieto EI, Mojares EBA, Cortez JJM, Vasquez MR. Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds for the propagation and analysis of breast cancer stem cells in vitro. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:035004. [PMID: 33634797 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abc3dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer treatment, breast cancer remains the second foremost cause of cancer mortality among women, with a high rate of relapse after initial treatment success. A subpopulation of highly malignant cancer cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), is suspected to be linked to metastasis and relapse. Targeting of CSCs may therefore provide a means of addressing cancer-related mortality. However, due to their low population in vivo and a lack of proper culture platform for their propagation, much of the CSC biology remains unknown. Since maintenance of CSCs is heavily influenced by the tumor microenvironment, this study developed a 3D culture platform that mimics the metastatic tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) to effectively increase CSC population in vitro and allow CSC analysis. Through electrospinning, nanofibers that were aligned, porous, and collagen-coated were fabricated from polycaprolactone to recreate the metastatic tumor ECM assemblage. Breast cancer cells seeded onto the nanofiber scaffolds exhibited gross morphology and cytoskeletal phenotype similar to invasive cancer cells. Moreover, the population of breast cancer stem cells increased in nanofiber scaffolds. Analysis of breast cancer cells grown on the nanofiber scaffolds demonstrated an upregulation of mesenchymal markers and an increase in cell invasiveness suggesting the cells have undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These results indicate that the fabricated nanofiber scaffolds effectively mimicked the tumor microenvironment that maintains the cancer stem cell population, offering a platform to enrich and analyze CSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Prieto
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science, National Science Complex, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - E B A Mojares
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science, National Science Complex, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - J J M Cortez
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science, National Science Complex, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - M R Vasquez
- Department of Mining, Metallurgical, and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
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Ahmed SS, Lim JCT, Thike AA, Iqbal J, Tan PH. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell interactions in breast phyllodes tumours: immunohistochemical evaluation of EZH2, EZR, HMGA2, CD24 and CD44 in correlation with outcome analysis. J Clin Pathol 2021; 75:316-323. [PMID: 33627375 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-207068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM Phyllodes tumours (PTs) categorised as benign, borderline and malignant, account for 1% of all breast tumours. Histological assessment does not always predict tumour behaviour, hindering determination of the clinical course and management.Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important process during embryogenesis. Dysregulation of EMT causes loss of cell polarity, decreased intercellular adhesion, increased motility and invasiveness, promoting tumour progression. Similarly, cancer stem cells (CSCs) promote tumour growth, resistance and recurrence. The aim of this study is to evaluate expression of CSC markers; enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), CD24 and CD44 and EMT associated proteins; ezrin (EZR) and high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) in PTs. METHOD Uing tissue microarray sections, immunohistochemistry was performed on 360 PTs. Epithelial and stromal expressions of EZH2, EZR, HMGA2, CD24 and CD44 were evaluated to assess their impact on disease progression and behaviour in correlation with clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS Stromal expression of EZH2, EZR and HMGA2 was observed in 73 (20.3%), 53 (14.7%) and 28 (7.8%) of tumours, epithelial expression in 121 (35.9%), 3 (0.8%) and 351 (97.5%) tumours, respectively. CD24 and CD44 staining was absent in both components. CONCLUSION Expression of biomarkers correlated significantly with aggressive tumour traits such as stromal hypercellularity, atypia, mitoses and permeative tumour borders.Stromal expression of EZH2 and EZR shortened disease-free survival and overall survival; HMGA2 expression did not alter patient survival. EZH2 and EZR may thus be useful in predicting PT behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aye Aye Thike
- Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Division of Pathology, Singapore
| | - Jabed Iqbal
- Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Division of Pathology, Singapore
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Division of Pathology, Singapore
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Tiny miRNAs Play a Big Role in the Treatment of Breast Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020337. [PMID: 33477629 PMCID: PMC7831489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of tumour progression and metastasis in breast cancer. Through a review of multiple studies, this paper has identified the key regulatory roles of oncogenic miRNAs in breast cancer metastasis including the potentiation of angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, the Warburg effect, and the tumour microenvironment. Several approaches have been studied for selective targeting of breast tumours by miRNAs, ranging from delivery systems such as extracellular vesicles and liposomes to the use of prodrugs and functionally modified vehicle-free miRNAs. While promising, these miRNA-based therapies face challenges including toxicity and immunogenicity, and greater research on their safety profiles must be performed before progressing to clinical trials. Abstract Distant organ metastases accounts for the majority of breast cancer deaths. Given the prevalence of breast cancer in women, it is imperative to understand the underlying mechanisms of its metastatic progression and identify potential targets for therapy. Since their discovery in 1993, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of tumour progression and metastasis in various cancers, playing either oncogenic or tumour suppressor roles. In the following review, we discuss the roles of miRNAs that potentiate four key areas of breast cancer metastasis—angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, the Warburg effect and the tumour microenvironment. We then evaluate the recent developments in miRNA-based therapies in breast cancer, which have shown substantial promise in controlling tumour progression and metastasis. Yet, certain challenges must be overcome before these strategies can be implemented in clinical trials.
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Chen X, Liang R, Lin H, Chen K, Chen L, Tian G, Zhu X. CD166 promotes cancer stem cell-like phenotype via the EGFR/ERK1/2 pathway in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2R. Life Sci 2020; 267:118983. [PMID: 33383046 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of CD166 in cancer stem cell-like (CSCs) phenotype of the radioresistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell CNE-2R. MAIN METHODS Established CD166-shRNA- CNE-2R cell line by lentivirus-mediated silencing CD166. Then, CSC-related genes mRNAs and proteins, and EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling pathway were detected using RT-PCR and western blot. Sphere formation assay was performed to evaluate the sphere formation capacity in CD166-shRNA- CNE-2R cells. The tumorigenesis ability in vivo was examined in nude mice mode. KEY FINDINGS Downregulation of CD166 inhibited the expression of the CSC-related genes, pEGFR and pERK in vitro and vivo. The capacity to form spheres and tumorigenesis was significantly decreased in CD166-shRNA cells. Furthermore, EGF-stimulated CD166-shRNA cells exhibited an increase in CSC-like traits by activating EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling. SIGNIFICANCE CD166 induced CSCs formation by activating the EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which may serve as a critical molecular target for NPC therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xishan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China; Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545000, PR China
| | - Renba Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Huan Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China; Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545000, PR China
| | - Kaihua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Ge Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China; Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-Incidence-Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
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Abstract
Heparanase is the only mammalian enzyme that cleaves heparan sulphate, an important component of the extracellular matrix. This leads to the remodelling of the extracellular matrix, whilst liberating growth factors and cytokines bound to heparan sulphate. This in turn promotes both physiological and pathological processes such as angiogenesis, immune cell migration, inflammation, wound healing and metastasis. Furthermore, heparanase exhibits non-enzymatic actions in cell signalling and in regulating gene expression. Cancer is underpinned by key characteristic features that promote malignant growth and disease progression, collectively termed the 'hallmarks of cancer'. Essentially, all cancers examined to date have been reported to overexpress heparanase, leading to enhanced tumour growth and metastasis with concomitant poor patient survival. With its multiple roles within the tumour microenvironment, heparanase has been demonstrated to regulate each of these hallmark features, in turn highlighting the need for heparanase-targeted therapies. However, recent discoveries which demonstrated that heparanase can also regulate vital anti-tumour mechanisms have cast doubt on this approach. This review will explore the myriad ways by which heparanase functions as a key regulator of the hallmarks of cancer and will highlight its role as a major component within the tumour microenvironment. The dual role of heparanase within the tumour microenvironment, however, emphasises the need for further investigation into defining its precise mechanism of action in different cancer settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnath M Jayatilleke
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Plenty Road & Kingsbury Drive, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Mark D Hulett
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Plenty Road & Kingsbury Drive, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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Prognostic and clinic-pathological significances of HOXB8, ILK and FAT4 expression in colorectal cancer. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2020; 24:183-192. [PMID: 33235545 PMCID: PMC7670183 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2020.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction HOXB8 is a protein that was found to promote cancer proliferation and invasion. ILK is a protein kinase which has a role in carcinogenesis. FAT4 is a tumor homologue that has a role in EMT and autophagy regulation. Aim of the study To identify expression of Human HOXB8, Integrin-linked kinase (ILK1) and FAT homolog 4 (FAT4) in colorectal cancer (CRC) correlating their expression with pathological, prognostic and clinical parameters of CRC. Material and methods We assessed the expression of HOXB8, ILK and FAT4 in fifty CRC patients and ten samples from nearby non-neoplastic colonic mucosa using immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of HOXB8 and ILK in CRC was positively associated with high tumor grade, advanced tumor stage, lymph node involvement (p < 0.001), occurrence of distant metastases (p = 0.003 and 0.024 respectively), higher incidence of tumor recurrence (p = 0.03, p < 0.001 respectively), worse survival rates (p = 0.038 and 0.003 respectively). The expression of FAT4 in CRC was correlated with lower grade, early stage of the tumor, absence of lymph node involvement (p < 0.001) and lack of distant metastases (p = 0.011). High FAT4 expression was associated with absence of tumor recurrence (p < 0.001) and favorable survival rates (p < 0.001 and 0.003). Conclusions High immunohistochemical expression of HOXB8 and ILK in addition to low immunohistochemical expression of FAT4 was associated with unfavorable prognostic and pathological parameters of CRC.
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Tian Y, Tian Y, Tu Y, Zhang G, Zeng X, Lin J, Ai M, Mao Z, Zheng R, Yuan Y. microRNA-124 inhibits stem-like properties and enhances radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via direct repression of expression of JAMA. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9533-9544. [PMID: 32681617 PMCID: PMC7520313 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a source of tumour recurrence in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC); however, the function of microRNA‐124 (miR‐124) in NPC CSCs has not been clearly defined. In this study, we investigated the role of miR‐124 in NPC CSCs. qRT‐PCR was performed to measure miR‐124 expression in NPC tissues and cell lines and the effects of miR‐124 on stem‐like properties and radiosensitivity of NPC cells measured. Luciferase reporter assays and rescue experiments were used to investigate the interaction of miR‐124 with the 3′UTR of junctional adhesion molecule A (JAMA). Finally, we examined the effects of miR‐124 in an animal model and clinical samples. Down‐regulation of miR‐124 was detected in cancer tissues and was inversely associated with tumour stage and lymph node metastasis. Overexpression of miR‐124 inhibited stemness properties and enhanced radiosensitivity of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo via targeting JAMA. Up‐regulation of miR‐124 was correlated with superior overall survival of patients with NPC. Our study demonstrates that miR‐124 can inhibit stem‐like properties and enhance radiosensitivity by directly targeting JAMA in NPC. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying therapy failure in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunming Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hui Zhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Yinuo Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixu Mao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ronghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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The long noncoding RNA EMBP1 inhibits the tumor suppressor miR-9-5p and promotes renal cell carcinoma tumorigenesis. Nefrologia 2020; 40:429-439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Arima Y, Nobusue H, Saya H. Targeting of cancer stem cells by differentiation therapy. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2689-2695. [PMID: 32462706 PMCID: PMC7419023 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a hallmark of cancer stem cells (CSCs). To develop novel therapeutic strategies that target CSCs, we established osteosarcoma‐initiating (OSi) cells by introducing the c‐Myc gene into bone marrow stromal cells derived from Ink4a/Arf KO mice. These OSi cells include bipotent committed cells (similar to osteochondral progenitor cells) with a high tumorigenic activity as well as tripotent cells (similar to mesenchymal stem cells) of low tumorigenicity. We recently showed that the tripotent OSi cells are highly resistant to chemotherapeutic agents, and that depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton in these cells induces their terminal adipocyte differentiation and suppresses their tumorigenicity. We here provide an overview of modulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics associated with terminal adipocyte differentiation in osteosarcoma as well as discuss the prospects for new therapeutic strategies that target chemoresistant CSCs by inducing their differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Arima
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nobusue
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Litviakov N, Ibragimova M, Tsyganov M, Kazantseva P, Deryusheva I, Pevzner A, Doroshenko A, Garbukov E, Tarabanovskaya N, Slonimskaya E. Amplifications of stemness genes and the capacity of breast tumors for metastasis. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1988-2001. [PMID: 32523653 PMCID: PMC7260118 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The phenomenon of non-CSC (cancer stem cell) to CSC plasticity has been previously described in multiple studies and occurs during the ectopic expression of stemness genes such as OCT3, SOX2, KLF4, MYC, NOTCH1, and NANOG. In our opinion, acquiring the ability to ectopically express stemness genes, selected by bioinformatics analysis and, accordingly, non-CSC to CSC plasticity, is due to amplification of genes at the following locations: 3q, 5p, 6p, 7q, 8q, 13q, 9p, 9q, 10p, 10q21.1, 16p, 18chr, 19p. This paper demonstrates the significance of stemness gene amplifications leading to metastasis and stem-like cancer cell activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our studies, stemness gene amplifications were determined using the CytoScan HD Array. We studied the association of changes in stemness gene amplifications in tumors with metastasis treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in 50 patients with breast cancer. We used qPCR to evaluate the expression of 13 stemness genes in tumors before and after NAC in 98 patients with breast cancer. Using primary cultures from the breast tumor of patient St23784/17 with stemness gene amplifications (SOX2, MYC, KLF4, NOTCH1, NODAL) and patient Ti41749/17 without stemness gene amplifications in the tumor, we studied the expression of stemness genes, proliferative tumor stem-cell activity, mammosphere formation, and expression of the CD44 tumor stem cell marker. RESULTS The occurrence of amplifications at regions of stemness gene localization during NAC (22% cases) in residual tumors was associated with a very high metastasis rate (91% cases). Eliminating tumor clones with stemness gene amplifications using NAC (42% cases) led to 100% metastasis-free survival. In patients who developed hematogenic metastases after treatment, the expression of 7/13 stemness genes in the residual tumor after NAC was statistically higher than in patients without metastases. Primary cultures of EpCam+ tumor cells from patients with stemness gene amplifications revealed high proliferative activity. After the 3rd passage, the number of tumor cells increased 30-fold. Due to IL-6, this cell population showed a 2.5-fold increase in the EpCam+CD44hiCD24-/low and 2-fold decrease in the EpCam+CD44lowCD24- subpopulations of tumor stem cells; the formation of mammospheres was also observed. Primary cultures of EpCam+ tumor cells from the patient with no stemness gene amplifications had relatively low proliferative activity. IL-6 caused a 2.3-fold increase in the EpCam+CD44lowCD24- and 2-fold decrease in the EpCam+CD44hiCD24-/low subpopulations of tumor stem cells with no induction of mammospheres. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that stemness gene amplifications in tumor cells are associated with metastasis and determine their potential stem property activation and non-CSC to CSC plasticity with the formation of EpCam+CD44hiCD24-/low cells, active proliferation, mammosphere formation, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Litviakov
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Cancer Research Institute Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia.,Biological Institute of National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Marina Ibragimova
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Cancer Research Institute Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia.,Biological Institute of National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Matvey Tsyganov
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Cancer Research Institute Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Polina Kazantseva
- Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Irina Deryusheva
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Cancer Research Institute Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alina Pevzner
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Cancer Research Institute Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Artem Doroshenko
- Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Eugeny Garbukov
- Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Elena Slonimskaya
- Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Semba T, Sammons R, Wang X, Xie X, Dalby KN, Ueno NT. JNK Signaling in Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2613. [PMID: 32283767 PMCID: PMC7177258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
C-JUN N-terminal kinases (JNKs), which belong to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, are evolutionarily conserved kinases that mediate cell responses to various types of extracellular stress insults. They regulate physiological processes such as embryonic development and tissue regeneration, playing roles in cell proliferation and programmed cell death. JNK signaling is also involved in tumorigenesis and progression of several types of malignancies. Recent studies have shown that JNK signaling has crucial roles in regulating the traits of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here we describe the functions of the JNK signaling pathway in self-renewal and differentiation, which are essential features of various types of stem cells, such as embryonic, induced pluripotent, and adult tissue-specific stem cells. We also review current knowledge of JNK signaling in CSCs and discuss its role in maintaining the CSC phenotype. A better understanding of JNK signaling as an essential regulator of stemness may provide a basis for the development of regenerative medicine and new therapeutic strategies against malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Semba
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.S.); (X.W.); (X.X.)
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rachel Sammons
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (R.S.); (K.N.D.)
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.S.); (X.W.); (X.X.)
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xuemei Xie
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.S.); (X.W.); (X.X.)
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin N. Dalby
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (R.S.); (K.N.D.)
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Naoto T. Ueno
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.S.); (X.W.); (X.X.)
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
Solid variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (SVPTC) is a rare morphological variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). SVPTC is histologically characterized by predominant solid, trabecular and insular nests of tumor cells while cytological features of PTC such as nuclear grooves and nuclear inclusions are preserved. In fine needle aspiration cytology smears, tumor cells of SVPTC may be presented in cohesive, syncytial or trabecular clusters accompanied by some discohesiveness in the absence of necrosis. Although SVPTC and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) share similar histological findings of solid nests, SVPTC can be differentiated from PDTC in the lack of tumor necrosis, severe nuclear atypia, and a higher mitotic index. Immunohistochemical expression of CK19 and HBME-1, common markers of PTC, is decreased in solid nests of SVPTC. In pediatric patients exposed to radiation after the Chernobyl nuclear accident, there was a higher prevalence of SVPTC with RET/PTC3 type rearrangement. BRAF mutations are also reported in a small number of adult patients with SVPTC without any prior radiation exposure. Patients with SVPTC may have a slightly higher incidence of metastasis and recurrence of the tumor compared to conventional PTC, although overall survival rate is comparable. In this article, the current knowledge of SVPTC will be reviewed and discussed with an emphasis on the histopathological feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Ohashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kanagawa 211-8533, Japan
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Orenstein JM. An ultrastructural pathologist's views on fibroblasts, modified smooth muscle cells, wound healing, stenosing arteriopathies, Kawasaki disease, Dupuytren's contracture, and the stroma of carcinomas. Ultrastruct Pathol 2020; 44:2-14. [PMID: 32154752 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2019.1704332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It wasn't until 1960 that the dense bodies of the peripheral actin arrays of fibroblasts were finally visualized, i.e., stress fibers (SFs). Mistakenly assumed that its SFs turned the fibroblast into a unique cell situated somewhere in a continuum between it and a smooth muscle cell (SMC), it was descriptively named a "myofibroblast" (MF). Automatically, spindle cells with SFs and/or smooth muscle actin by SMA IHC-staining, became MFs, although endothelial cells, pericytes, modified SMCs (mSMC), and myoepithelial cells all contain SFs. An invisible "intermediate" cell was hypothesized to exist somewhere between SMA-negative and positive fibroblasts, and named a "proto-myofibroblast". The sub-epithelial spindle cells of normal and malignant tumors of the GI, GU, and respiratory tracts are all fibroblasts with SFs. The second erroneous myofibroblast came from a 1971 rat wound healing study and its 1974 human counterpart. Updated analysis of the papers' TEMs proved that the cells are mSMCs and not fibroblasts (AKA: MFs). The pathognomonic cells of Dupuytren's contracture are mSMCs and fibroblasts and that of the stenosing arteriopathy of Kawasaki Disease and other similar arteriopathies are mSMCs. TEM remains a powerful tool.
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Fan Z, Zheng W, Li H, Wu W, Liu X, Sun Z, Hu H, Du L, Jia Q, Liu Q. LOXL2 upregulates hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α signaling through Snail‑FBP1 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1641-1649. [PMID: 32323822 PMCID: PMC7107812 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase‑like 2 (LOXL2), a member of the lysyl oxidase gene family, is involved in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma progression and metastasis. Increased expression of LOXL2 has been identified in several types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, LOXL2 has been reported to promote epithelial‑mesenchymal transition by reducing E‑cadherin expression via the upregulation of Snail expression. The present study provided evidence demonstrating that LOXL2 inhibited the expression of fructose‑1, 6‑biphosphatase (FBP1) and enhanced the glycolysis of Huh7 and Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines in a Snail‑dependent manner. Overexpression of the point‑mutated form of LOXL2 [LOXL2(Y689F)], which lacks enzymatic activity, does not affect the expression of Snail1 or FBP1. Notably, targeting extracellular LOXL2 of Huh7 cells with a therapeutic antibody was unable to abolish its regulation on the expression of Snail and FBP1. Knockdown of LOXL2 also interrupted the angiogenesis of Huh7 and Hep3B cells, and this effect could be rescued by the overexpression of Snail. Furthermore, upregulation of hypoxia‑inducible factor 1α (HIF‑1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was observed in Huh7 and Hep3B cells expressing wild‑type LOXL2. Notably, the selective LOXL2 inhibitor LOXL2‑IN‑1 could upregulate the expression of FBP1 and inhibit the expression of Snail, HIF‑1α and VEGF in HCC cells, but not in FBP1‑knockdown cells. The results of the present study indicated that the intracellular activity of LOXL2 upregulated HIF‑1α/VEGF signaling pathways via the Snail‑FBP1 axis, and this phenomenon could be inhibited by LOXL2 inhibition. Collectively, these findings further support that LOXL2 exhibits an important role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and implicates LOXL2 as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Wujun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjie Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Haitian Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Lixue Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Qingan Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qingguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Yu C, Chen F, Wang X, Cai Z, Yang M, Zhong Q, Feng J, Li J, Shen C, Wen Z. Pin2 telomeric repeat factor 1-interacting telomerase inhibitor 1 (PinX1) inhibits nasopharyngeal cancer cell stemness: implication for cancer progression and therapeutic targeting. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:31. [PMID: 32028978 PMCID: PMC7006127 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-1530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Recurrence and distant metastasis are still the main factors leading to treatment failure for malignant tumors including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis is of great clinical significance for targeted gene therapy and prognostic evaluation. PinX1, a tumor suppressor gene, was previously demonstrated to be a powerful tool for targeting telomerase in order to resist malignant tumor proliferation and migration. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism through which PinX1 regulates epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor metastasis in NPC and investigate its clinical significance and biological role with respect to disease progression. Methods Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), Transwell assays, Colony formation analysis and Xenograft tumorigenicity assay were used to measure the nasopharyngeal CD133+ cancer stem cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot assays were conducted to investigate the underlying mechanism that PinX1 inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via regulating EMT in nasopharyngeal CD133+ CSCs. Results We found that the overexpression of PinX1 and P53 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but that the inhibition of miR-200b blocked these effects, in nasopharyngeal CD133+ cancer stem cells (CSCs). Mechanistic investigations elucidated that PinX1 inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating the P53/miR-200b-mediated transcriptional suppression of Snail1, Twist1, and Zeb1, consequently inhibiting EMT in nasopharyngeal CD133+ CSCs. Conclusions Our findings indicate that PinX1 inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via P53/miR-200b-regulated EMT in the malignant progression of human NPC, which might suggest novel clinical implications for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosheng Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510235, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Zhimou Cai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Mengxue Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Qingwen Zhong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Jialian Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Junzheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510235, China.
| | - Congxiang Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
| | - Zhong Wen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
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Han X, Na T, Wu T, Yuan BZ. Human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells exhibit characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227174. [PMID: 31900469 PMCID: PMC6941928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BEAS-2B was originally established as an immortalized but non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line from human bronchial epithelium. Because of general recognition for its bronchial epithelial origin, the BEAS-2B cell line has been widely used as an in vitro cell model in a large variety of studies associated with respiratory diseases including lung carcinogenesis. However, very few studies have discussed non-epithelial features of BEAS-2B cells, especially the features associated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which represent a group of fibroblast-like cells with limited self-renewal and differentiation potential to various cell lineages. In this study, we compared BEAS-2B with a human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hMSCs) cell line, hMSC1, which served as a representative of hMSCs in terms of expressing common features of hMSCs. It was observed that both BEAS-2B and hMSC1 shared the same expression profile of surface markers of hMSCs and exhibited similar osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential. In addition, like hMSC1, the BEAS-2B cell line exhibited suppressive activities on proliferation of mitogen-activated total T lymphocytes as well as Th1 lymphocytes, and IFNγ-induced expression of IDO1, all thus demonstrating that BEAS-2B cells exhibited an almost identical characteristic profile with hMSCs, even though, there was a clear difference between BEAS-2B and hMSCs in the effects on type 2 macrophage polarization. Most importantly, the hMSCs features of BEAS-2B were unlikely a consequence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Therefore, this study provided a set of evidence to provoke reconsideration of epithelial origin of BEAS-2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Han
- Cell Collection and Research Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Na
- Cell Collection and Research Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Cell Collection and Research Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Yuan
- Cell Collection and Research Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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50
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Tanabe S, Quader S, Cabral H, Ono R. Interplay of EMT and CSC in Cancer and the Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:904. [PMID: 32625096 PMCID: PMC7311659 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) consists of the cellular phenotypic transition from epithelial to mesenchymal status. The cells exhibiting EMT exist in cancer stem cell (CSC) population, which is involved in drug resistance. CSCs demonstrating EMT feature remain after cancer treatment, which leads to drug resistance, recurrence, metastasis and malignancy of cancer. In this context, the recent advance of nanotechnology in the medical application has ascended the possibility to target CSCs using nanomedicines. In this review article, we focused on the mechanism of CSCs and EMT, especially into the signaling pathways in EMT, regulation of EMT and CSCs by microRNAs and nanomedicine-based approaches to target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihori Tanabe
- Division of Risk Assessment, Center for Biological Safety and Research (CBSR), National Institute of Health Science (NIHS), Kawasaki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shihori Tanabe,
| | - Sabina Quader
- Innovation Centre of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Ono
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research (CBSR), National Institute of Health Science (NIHS), Kawasaki, Japan
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