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Abdo AI, Kopecki Z. Comparing Redox and Intracellular Signalling Responses to Cold Plasma in Wound Healing and Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4885-4923. [PMID: 38785562 PMCID: PMC11120013 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cold plasma (CP) is an ionised gas containing excited molecules and ions, radicals, and free electrons, and which emits electric fields and UV radiation. CP is potently antimicrobial, and can be applied safely to biological tissue, birthing the field of plasma medicine. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) produced by CP affect biological processes directly or indirectly via the modification of cellular lipids, proteins, DNA, and intracellular signalling pathways. CP can be applied at lower levels for oxidative eustress to activate cell proliferation, motility, migration, and antioxidant production in normal cells, mainly potentiated by the unfolded protein response, the nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-activated antioxidant response element, and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway, which also activates nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB). At higher CP exposures, inactivation, apoptosis, and autophagy of malignant cells can occur via the degradation of the PI3K/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent and -independent activation of the master tumour suppressor p53, leading to caspase-mediated cell death. These opposing responses validate a hormesis approach to plasma medicine. Clinical applications of CP are becoming increasingly realised in wound healing, while clinical effectiveness in tumours is currently coming to light. This review will outline advances in plasma medicine and compare the main redox and intracellular signalling responses to CP in wound healing and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian I. Abdo
- Richter Lab, Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, STEM Academic Unit, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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2
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Achary AS, Mahapatra C. Reactive nitrogen species-mediated cell proliferation during tail regeneration and retinoic acid as a putative modulator of tissue regeneration in the geckos. Cells Dev 2024; 177:203901. [PMID: 38278363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS), a mediator of nitrosative stress, plays a vital role during wound healing but its role during tissue regeneration is poorly understood. In the present study, the role of RNS was investigated post-tail autotomy and limb amputation in a gecko species, Hemidactylus murrayi Gleadow, 1887. Tail autotomy led to an increased expression of iNOS and nitrosative stress leading to protein S-nitrosylation that probably restricted the acute inflammatory response caused by wounding. Increased nitrosative stress was also associated with proliferation of the wound epithelium and the tail blastema. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) caused retarded growth and structural abnormalities in the regenerating tail while peroxynitrite inhibitor (FeTmPyp) arrested tail regeneration. Spermine NONOate and retinoic acid, used as NO donors generated small outgrowths post-amputation of limbs with an increased number of proliferating cells and s-nitrosylation indicating the role of nitric oxide signalling in cell proliferation during regeneration. Additionally, retinoic acid treatment caused regeneration of nerve, muscle and adipose tissue in the regenerated limb structure 105 days post-amputation suggesting it to be a putative modulator of tissue regeneration in the non-regenerating limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sarada Achary
- P.G. Department of Zoology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India.
| | - Cuckoo Mahapatra
- P.G. Department of Zoology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India.
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3
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Zhang Z, Liu Z, Wu P, Guo X, Luo X, Yang Y, Chen J, Tian Y. A High-Density Raman Photometry for Tracking and Quantifying of AchE Activity in The Brain of Freely Moving Animals with Network. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301004. [PMID: 37635166 PMCID: PMC10582456 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
A high-density Raman photometry based on a dual-recognition strategy is created for accurately quantifying acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in 24 brain regions of free-moving animals with network. A series of 5-ethynyl-1,2,3,3-tetramethyl-based molecules with different conjugated structures and substitute groups are designed and synthesized for specific recognition of AchE by Raman spectroscopy. After systematically evaluating the recognition ability toward AchE, 2-(4-((4-(dimethylamino)benzoyl)oxy)styryl)-5-ethynyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium (ET-5) is finally optimized for AchE determination, which shows the highest selectivity, the greatest sensitivity, and the fastest response time among the investigated seven molecules. More interestingly, using the developed probe for AchE with high accuracy and sensitivity, the optimized AchE regulated by nitric oxide (NO) is discovered for promoting the neurogenesis of neural stem cells (NSCs). Benefiting from the high-density photometry, it is found that the activity and distribution of AchE varied in 24 brain regions, and the levels of AchE activity in 24 brain regions of Alzheimer's mice (AD) are lower than those of normal mice. It is the first time that a functional network of AchE in 24 brain regions is established. It is also found that the loss of AchE functional network in AD mice is restored and reconstructed by the controlled release of AchE regulated by NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical ProcessesSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityDongchuan Road 500Shanghai200241P.R. China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical ProcessesSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityDongchuan Road 500Shanghai200241P.R. China
| | - Peicong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision SpectroscopyEast China Normal UniversityDongchuan Road 500Shanghai200241P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Life ScienceJilin UniversityQianjin Road 2699Changchun130012P.R. China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical ProcessesSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityDongchuan Road 500Shanghai200241P.R. China
| | - Youjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical BiologySchool of PharmacyEast China University of Science and TechnologyMeilong Road 130Shanghai200237P.R. China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision SpectroscopyEast China Normal UniversityDongchuan Road 500Shanghai200241P.R. China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical ProcessesSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityDongchuan Road 500Shanghai200241P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision SpectroscopyEast China Normal UniversityDongchuan Road 500Shanghai200241P.R. China
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4
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Simão S, Agostinho RR, Martínez-Ruiz A, Araújo IM. Regulation of Ras Signaling by S-Nitrosylation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1562. [PMID: 37627556 PMCID: PMC10451275 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras are a family of small GTPases that function as signal transduction mediators and are involved in cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival. The significance of Ras is further evidenced by the fact that Ras genes are among the most mutated oncogenes in different types of cancers. After translation, Ras proteins can be targets of post-translational modifications (PTM), which can alter the intracellular dynamics of the protein. In this review, we will focus on how S-nitrosylation of Ras affects the way these proteins interact with membranes, its cellular localization, and its activity. S-Nitrosylation occurs when a nitrosyl moiety of nitric oxide (NO) is covalently attached to a thiol group of a cysteine residue in a target protein. In Ras, the conserved Cys118 is the most surface-exposed Cys and the preferable residue for NO action, leading to the initiation of transduction events. Ras transduces the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) and the RalGEF cellular pathways. S-Nitrosylation of elements of the RalGEF cascade remains to be identified. On the contrary, it is well established that several components of the MAPK and PI3K pathways, as well as different proteins associated with these cascades, can be modified by S-nitrosylation. Overall, this review presents a better understanding of Ras S-nitrosylation, increasing the knowledge on the dynamics of these proteins in the presence of NO and the underlying implications in cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Simão
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Ribeiro Agostinho
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inês Maria Araújo
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
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5
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Dai Y, Zhou J, Wei C, Chai L, Xie X, Liu R, Lv Y. "Iridium Signature" Mass Spectrometric Probes: New Tools Integrated in a Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Workflow for Routine Profiling of Nitric Oxide and Metabolic Fingerprints in Cells. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37262414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive signaling molecule involved in diverse biological processes. Simultaneous profiling of NO and associated metabolic fingerprints in a single assay allows more accurate assessments of cell states and offers the possibility to better understand its exact biological roles. Herein, a multiplexing LC-MS workflow was established for simultaneous detection of intracellular NO and various metabolites based on a novel "iridium signature" mass spectrometric probe (Ir-MSP841). This Ir-MSP841 can convert highly liable NO to a stable permanently charged triazole product (Ir-TP852), enabling direct MS detection of NO. This 191/193Ir-signature mass spectrometric probe-based approach is endowed with overwhelming advantages of interference-free, high quantitative accuracy, and great sensitivity (limit of detection down to 0.14 nM). It also reveals good linearity over a wide concentration range 12.5-500 nM and has been successfully employed for exploring the release behaviors of three representative NO donors in cells. Meanwhile, metabolic profiling results reveal that varying the concentrations of NO has distinct effects on various cellular metabolites. This study provides a robust, sensitive, and versatile method for simultaneous detection of NO and numerous metabolites in a single LC-MS run and expands its applications in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Chudong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Li Chai
- Core Facility of West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Xie
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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6
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Azargoonjahromi A. Dual role of nitric oxide in Alzheimer's Disease. Nitric Oxide 2023; 134-135:23-37. [PMID: 37019299 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), an enzymatic product of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), has been associated with a variety of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). NO has long been thought to contribute to neurotoxic insults caused by neuroinflammation in AD. This perception shifts as more attention is paid to the early stages before cognitive problems manifest. However, it has revealed a compensatory neuroprotective role for NO that protects synapses by increasing neuronal excitability. NO can positively affect neurons by inducing neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, and myelination, as well as having cytolytic activity to reduce inflammation. NO can also induce long-term potentiation (LTP), a process by which synaptic connections among neurons become more potent. Not to mention that such functions give rise to AD protection. Notably, it is unquestionably necessary to conduct more research to clarify NO pathways in neurodegenerative dementias because doing so could help us better understand their pathophysiology and develop more effective treatment options. All these findings bring us to the prevailing notion that NO can be used either as a therapeutic agent in patients afflicted with AD and other memory impairment disorders or as a contributor to the neurotoxic and aggressive factor in AD. In this review, after presenting a general background on AD and NO, various factors that have a pivotal role in both protecting and exacerbating AD and their correlation with NO will be elucidated. Following this, both the neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of NO on neurons and glial cells among AD cases will be discussed in detail.
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7
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Jiao L, Xu T, Du X, Chen X, Jiao Q, Jiang H. The Inhibition Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside on the Survival of Differentiated Neural Stem Cells through the p38 Pathway. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030438. [PMID: 36979248 PMCID: PMC10046126 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial factor in regulating neuronal development. However, certain effects of NO are complex under different physiological conditions. In this study, we used differentiated neural stem cells (NSCs), which contained neural progenitor cells, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, to observe the physiological effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the early developmental stage of the nervous system. After SNP treatment for 24 h, the results showed that SNP at 100 μM, 200 μM, 300 μM, and 400 μM concentrations resulted in reduced cell viability and increased cleaved caspase 3 levels, while no significant changes were found at 50 μM. There were no effects on neuronal differentiation in the SNP-treated groups. The phosphorylation of p38 was also significantly upregulated with SNP concentrations of 100 μM, 200 μM, 300 μM, and 400 μM, with no changes for 50 μM concentration in comparison with the control. We also observed that the levels of phosphorylation increased with the increasing concentration of SNP. To further explore the possible role of p38 in SNP-regulated survival of differentiated NSCs, SB202190, the antagonist of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, at a concentration of 10 mM, was pretreated for 30 min, and the ratio of phosphorylated p38 was found to be decreased after treatment with SNP. Survival and cell viability increased in the SB202190 and SNP co-treated group. Taken together, our results suggested that p38 is involved in the cell survival of NSCs, regulated by NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tongying Xu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xixun Du
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- College of Health and Life Science, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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8
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Behl T, Rana T, Sehgal A, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazmi HA, Meraya AM, Bhatia S, Sachdeva M. Phytochemicals targeting nitric oxide signaling in neurodegenerative diseases. Nitric Oxide 2023; 130:1-11. [PMID: 36375788 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a set of diseases in which slow and progressive neuronal loss occurs. Nitric oxide (NO) as a neurotransmitter performs key roles in the stimulation and blockade of various inflammatory processes. Although physiological NO is necessary for protection against a variety of pathogens, reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative stress induces inflammatory cascades and apoptosis. Activation of glial cells particularly astrocytes and microglia induce overproduction of NO, resulting in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, inhibiting the overproduction of NO is a beneficial therapeutic approach for numerous neuroinflammatory conditions. Several compounds have been explored for the management of neurodegenerative disorders, but they have minor symptomatic benefits and several adverse effects. Phytochemicals have currently gained more consideration owing to their ability to reduce the overproduction of NO in neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, phytochemicals are generally considered to be safe and beneficial. The mechanisms of NO generation and their implications in neurodegenerative disorders are explored in this review article, as well as several newly discovered phytochemicals that might have NO inhibitory activity. The current review could aid in the discovery of new anti-neuroinflammatory drugs that can suppress NO generation, particularly during neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, India.
| | - Tarapati Rana
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Punjab, India
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Fatima College of Health Science, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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9
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Nitric Oxide Attenuates Human Cytomegalovirus Infection yet Disrupts Neural Cell Differentiation and Tissue Organization. J Virol 2022; 96:e0012622. [PMID: 35862705 PMCID: PMC9327702 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00126-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a prevalent betaherpesvirus that is asymptomatic in healthy individuals but can cause serious disease in immunocompromised patients. HCMV is also the leading cause of virus-mediated birth defects. Many of these defects manifest within the central nervous system and include microcephaly, sensorineural hearing loss, and cognitive developmental delays. Nitric oxide is a critical effector molecule produced as a component of the innate immune response during infection. Congenitally infected fetal brains show regions of brain damage, including necrotic foci with infiltrating macrophages and microglia, cell types that produce nitric oxide during infection. Using a 3-dimensional cortical organoid model, we demonstrate that nitric oxide inhibits HCMV spread and simultaneously disrupts neural rosette structures, resulting in tissue disorganization. Nitric oxide also attenuates HCMV replication in 2-dimensional cultures of neural progenitor cells (NPCs), a prominent cell type in cortical organoids that differentiate into neurons and glial cells. The multipotency factor SOX2 was decreased during nitric oxide exposure, suggesting that early neural differentiation is affected. Nitric oxide also reduced maximal mitochondrial respiration in both uninfected and infected NPCs. We determined that this reduction likely influences neural differentiation, as neurons (Tuj1+ GFAP- Nestin-) and glial populations (Tuj1- GFAP+ Nestin-) were reduced following differentiation. Our studies indicate a prominent, immunopathogenic role of nitric oxide in promoting developmental defects within the brain despite its antiviral activity during congenital HCMV infection. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of virus-mediated congenital birth defects. Congenitally infected infants can have a variety of symptoms manifesting within the central nervous system. The use of 3-dimensional (3-D) cortical organoids to model infection of the fetal brain has advanced the current understanding of development and allowed broader investigation of the mechanisms behind disease. However, the impact of the innate immune molecule nitric oxide during HCMV infection has not been explored in neural cells or cortical 3-D models. Here, we investigated the effect of nitric oxide on cortical development during HCMV infection. We demonstrate that nitric oxide plays an antiviral role during infection yet results in disorganized cortical tissue. Nitric oxide contributes to differentiation defects of neuron and glial cells from neural progenitor cells despite inhibiting viral replication. Our results indicate that immunopathogenic consequences of nitric oxide during congenital infection promote developmental defects that undermine its antiviral activity.
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10
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Liang M, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Mei Y, Tian Y. A two-photon ratiometric fluorescent probe for real-time imaging and quantification of NO in neural stem cells during activation regulation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4303-4312. [PMID: 35509464 PMCID: PMC9006966 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00326k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing a novel tool capable of real-time monitoring and accurate quantification of NO is critical to understanding its role in physiological and pathological processes. Herein, a two-photon ratiometric fluorescent probe (NOP) was developed for real-time imaging and quantification of NO based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer-photoinduced electron transfer (FRET-PET). In this developed probe, coumarin (CM) and naphthalimide with o-phenylenediamine (NPM) were rationally designed as a fluorescent donor and acceptor, respectively, to enable a ratiometric fluorescence response to NO. The developed NO probe demonstrated good detection linearity with the concentration of NO in the range of 0.100–200 μM, with a detection limit of 19.5 ± 1.00 nM. Considering the advantages of high selectivity, good accuracy and rapid dynamic response (<15 s), the developed NO probe was successfully applied for real-time imaging and accurate quantification of NO in neural stem cells (NSCs) and different regions of mouse brain tissue with a penetration depth of 350 μm. Using this powerful tool, it was found that NO regulated the activation and differentiation of quiescent NSCs (qNSCs). In addition, NO-induced differentiation of qNSCs into neurons was found to be dose-dependent: 50.0 μM NO caused about 50.0% of qNSCs to differentiate into neurons. Moreover, different regions of the mouse brain were observed to be closely related to the concentration of NO, and the concentration of NO in the DG region was found to be lower than that in the S1BF, CA1, LD and CPu of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse brain. The symptoms of AD mice were significantly improved through the treatment with NO-activated NSCs in the DG region. Developing a novel tool capable of real-time monitoring and accurate quantification of NO is critical to understanding its role in physiological and pathological processes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Liang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuxiao Mei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
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11
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Fernandes GG, Costa KCM, Scomparin DS, Freire JB, Guimarães FS, Campos AC. Genetic Ablation of the Inducible Form of Nitric Oxide in Male Mice Disrupts Immature Neuron Survival in the Adult Dentate Gyrus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:782831. [PMID: 34925362 PMCID: PMC8673740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.782831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is an enzyme upregulated in the brain during neuroimmune stimuli which is associated with an oxidative and pro-inflammatory environment in several brain regions, including the hippocampal formation and the prefrontal cortex. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation is the site of a process known as adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Although many endogenous and extrinsic factors can modulate AHN, the exact participation of specific proinflammatory mediators such as iNOS in these processes remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we investigated how the total genetic ablation of iNOS impacts the hippocampal neurogenic niche and microglial phenotype and if these changes are correlated to the behavioral alterations observed in iNOS knockout (K.O.) mice submitted or not to the chronic unpredictable stress model (CUS - 21 days protocol). Contrary to our initial hypothesis, at control conditions, iNOS K.O. mice displayed no abnormalities on microglial activation in the dentate gyrus. However, they did exhibit impaired newborn cells and immature neuron survival, which was not affected by CUS. The reduction of AHN in iNOS K.O. mice was accompanied by an increased positive coping response in the tail suspension test and facilitation of anxiety-like behaviors in the novelty suppressed feeding. Next, we investigated whether a pro-neurogenic stimulus would rescue the neurogenic capacity of iNOS K.O. mice by administering in control and CUS groups the antidepressant escitalopram (ESC). The chronic treatment with ESC could not rescue the neurogenic capacity or the behavioral changes observed in iNOS K.O. mice. Besides, in the ventromedial prefrontal (vmPFC) cortex there was no change in the expression or the chronic activation of PV neurons (evaluated by double labeling PV with FOSB) in the prelimbic (PrL) or infralimbic subregions. FOSB expression, however, increased in the PrL of iNOS K.O. mice. Our results suggest that iNOS seems essential for the survival of newborn cells and immature neurons in the hippocampus and seem to partially explain the anxiogenic-like behavior observed in iNOS K.O. mice. On the other hand, the iNOS ablation appears to result in increased activity of the PrL which could explain the antidepressant-like behaviors of iNOS K.O mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alline C. Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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12
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Bachtiar EW, Septiwidyati TR. Possible Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the Regulation of E2F1, CDK11, and iNOS Gene Expression in Neuronal Cell Cycle: A Preliminary Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:582-587. [PMID: 34760804 PMCID: PMC8533040 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_108_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the in vitro effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis exposure in gene expression of E2F1 (family of transcription factors), cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK11), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) of the neuronal cell cycle. Materials and Methods: The culture of neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y was exposed to P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, and the gene expression of E2F1, CDK11, and iNOS was analyzed by using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: It was shown that E2F1, a G1 phase biomarker and transcription factor, was upregulated in neuronal cells exposed to P. gingivalis compared with that in control cells. However, CDK11, a biomarker of G2/M checkpoint and iNOS, was downregulated in neuronal cells exposed to P. gingivalis compared with that in control cells. Conclusions: P. gingivalis can regulate the neuronal cell cycle, as indicated in the E2F1, CDK11, and iNOS gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endang W Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tienneke R Septiwidyati
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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13
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Park JH, Kim M, Yim B, Park CY. Nitric oxide attenuated transforming growth factor-β induced myofibroblast differentiation of human keratocytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8183. [PMID: 33854158 PMCID: PMC8046755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has the potential to modulate myofibroblast differentiation. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous NO on the myofibroblast differentiation of human keratocytes using sodium nitrite as a NO donor. Myofibroblasts were induced by exposing resting keratocytes to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. N-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) were used as myofibroblast markers. Both resting keratocytes and -stimulated keratocytes were exposed to various concentrations of sodium nitrite (1 μM to 1000 mM) for 24 to 72 h. Exposure to sodium nitrite did not alter keratocytes’ viability up to a 10 mM concentration for 72 h. However, significant cytotoxicity was observed in higher concentrations of sodium nitrite (over 100 mM). The expression of αSMA and N-cadherin was significantly increased in keratocytes by TGF-β1 stimulation after 72 h incubation. The addition of sodium nitrite (1 mM) to TGF-β1-stimulated keratocytes significantly decreased αSMA and N cadherin expression. Smad3 phosphorylation decreased after sodium nitrite (1 mM) exposure in TGF-β1-stimulated keratocytes. The effect of NO was reversed when NO scavenger, 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) was added in the culture medium. Application of sodium nitrite resulted in significant decrease of corneal opacity when measured at 2 weeks after the chemical burn in the mouse. These results verified the potential therapeutic effect of NO to decrease myofibroblast differentiation of human keratocytes and corneal opacity after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hee Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, South Korea
| | - Martha Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University, 814, Siksadong, Ilsan-dong-gu, Goyang, Gyunggido, 410-773, South Korea
| | - Bora Yim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University, 814, Siksadong, Ilsan-dong-gu, Goyang, Gyunggido, 410-773, South Korea
| | - Choul Yong Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University, 814, Siksadong, Ilsan-dong-gu, Goyang, Gyunggido, 410-773, South Korea.
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14
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Tewari D, Sah AN, Bawari S, Nabavi SF, Dehpour AR, Shirooie S, Braidy N, Fiebich BL, Vacca RA, Nabavi SM. Role of Nitric Oxide in Neurodegeneration: Function, Regulation, and Inhibition. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 19:114-126. [PMID: 32348225 PMCID: PMC8033982 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200429001549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), collectively known as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), are the products of normal cellular metabolism and interact with several vital biomolecules including nucleic acid, proteins, and membrane lipids and alter their function in an irreversible manner which can lead to cell death. There is an imperative role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairments and the development and progression of neural injury. Elevated production of higher amounts of nitric oxide (NO) takes place in numerous pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and ischemia, which occur concurrently with elevated nitrosative/oxidative stress. The enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is responsible for the generation of NO in different cells by conversion of L-arginine (Arg) to L-citrulline. Therefore, the NO signaling pathway represents a viable therapeutic target. Naturally occurring polyphenols targeting the NO signaling pathway can be of major importance in the field of neurodegeneration and related complications. Here, we comprehensively review the importance of NO and its production in the human body and afterwards highlight the importance of various natural products along with their mechanisms against various neurodegenerative diseases involving their effect on NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Archana N Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263136, India
| | - Sweta Bawari
- School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Knowledge Park-III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Seyed F Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran
| | - Ahmad R Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernd L Fiebich
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rosa A Vacca
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Council of Research, Bari, Italy
| | - Seyed M Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran
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15
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Zhuyan J, Chen M, Zhu T, Bao X, Zhen T, Xing K, Wang Q, Zhu S. Critical steps to tumor metastasis: alterations of tumor microenvironment and extracellular matrix in the formation of pre-metastatic and metastatic niche. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:89. [PMID: 32742634 PMCID: PMC7388444 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, cancer metastasis has been a heated topic for its high mortality. Previous research has shown that pre-metastatic niche and metastatic niche are the 2 crucial steps in cancer metastasis, assisting cancerous cells' infiltration, survival, and colonization at target sites. More recent studies have unraveled details about the specific mechanisms related to the modification of pro-invasion environments. Here, we will review literatures on extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations, general cancer metastasis, organ specificity, pre-metastatic niche, metastatic niche, colony formation and impact on the course of metastasis. Respectively, the metastatic mechanisms like effect of hypoxia or inflammation on pre-metastatic niche construction, as well as the interaction between cancer cells and local milieu will be discussed. Based on the evidences of metastatic niches, we revisit and discussed the "Seed and Soil" hypothesis by Paget. This review will seek to provide insight into the mechanism of metastatic organ specificity which pre-metastatic niche and metastatic niche might suggest from an evolutionary aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhuyan
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Shanghai Starriver Bilingual School, Shanghai, 201100 China
| | - Mingyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Tianhao Zhu
- Shanghai Starriver Bilingual School, Shanghai, 201100 China
| | - Xunxia Bao
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Timing Zhen
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Kaichen Xing
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Qiubo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.999 Liangxi Road, Wuxi, China
| | - Sibo Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
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16
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Abstract
RAS was identified as a human oncogene in the early 1980s and subsequently found to be mutated in nearly 30% of all human cancers. More importantly, RAS plays a central role in driving tumor development and maintenance. Despite decades of effort, there remain no FDA approved drugs that directly inhibit RAS. The prevalence of RAS mutations in cancer and the lack of effective anti-RAS therapies stem from RAS' core role in growth factor signaling, unique structural features, and biochemistry. However, recent advances have brought promising new drugs to clinical trials and shone a ray of hope in the field. Here, we will exposit the details of RAS biology that illustrate its key role in cell signaling and shed light on the difficulties in therapeutically targeting RAS. Furthermore, past and current efforts to develop RAS inhibitors will be discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Matthew Rhett
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - John P O'Bryan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.
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17
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Waking up quiescent neural stem cells: Molecular mechanisms and implications in neurodevelopmental disorders. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008653. [PMID: 32324743 PMCID: PMC7179833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are crucial for development, regeneration, and repair of the nervous system. Most NSCs in mammalian adult brains are quiescent, but in response to extrinsic stimuli, they can exit from quiescence and become reactivated to give rise to new neurons. The delicate balance between NSC quiescence and activation is important for adult neurogenesis and NSC maintenance. However, how NSCs transit between quiescence and activation remains largely elusive. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the reactivation of quiescent NSCs. We review recent advances on signaling pathways originated from the NSC niche and their crosstalk in regulating NSC reactivation. We also highlight new intrinsic paradigms that control NSC reactivation in Drosophila and mammalian systems. We also discuss emerging evidence on modeling human neurodevelopmental disorders using NSCs.
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18
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Santos AI, Lourenço AS, Simão S, Marques da Silva D, Santos DF, Onofre de Carvalho AP, Pereira AC, Izquierdo-Álvarez A, Ramos E, Morato E, Marina A, Martínez-Ruiz A, Araújo IM. Identification of new targets of S-nitrosylation in neural stem cells by thiol redox proteomics. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101457. [PMID: 32088623 PMCID: PMC7038503 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is well established as a regulator of neurogenesis. NO increases the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSC), and is essential for hippocampal injury-induced neurogenesis following an excitotoxic lesion. One of the mechanisms underlying non-classical NO cell signaling is protein S-nitrosylation. This post-translational modification consists in the formation of a nitrosothiol group (R-SNO) in cysteine residues, which can promote formation of other oxidative modifications in those cysteine residues. S-nitrosylation can regulate many physiological processes, including neuronal plasticity and neurogenesis. In this work, we aimed to identify S-nitrosylation targets of NO that could participate in neurogenesis. In NSC, we identified a group of proteins oxidatively modified using complementary techniques of thiol redox proteomics. S-nitrosylation of some of these proteins was confirmed and validated in a seizure mouse model of hippocampal injury and in cultured hippocampal stem cells. The identified S-nitrosylated proteins are involved in the ERK/MAPK pathway and may be important targets of NO to enhance the proliferation of NSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Santos
- Centre for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-527, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Lourenço
- Centre for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-527, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia Simão
- Centre for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Dorinda Marques da Silva
- Centre for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Filipa Santos
- Centre for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Catarina Pereira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Alicia Izquierdo-Álvarez
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ramos
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Morato
- Servicio de Proteómica, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) & Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anabel Marina
- Servicio de Proteómica, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) & Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28009, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.
| | - Inês Maria Araújo
- Centre for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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19
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Midgley AC, Wei Y, Li Z, Kong D, Zhao Q. Nitric-Oxide-Releasing Biomaterial Regulation of the Stem Cell Microenvironment in Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1805818. [PMID: 31423672 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has proven to be an attractive solution for the treatment of degenerative diseases or injury. However, poor cell engraftment and survival within injured tissues limits the successful use of stem cell therapy within the clinical setting. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule involved in various physiological processes. Emerging evidence supports NO's diverse roles in modulating stem cell behavior, including survival, migration, differentiation, and paracrine secretion of proregenerative factors. Thus, there has been a shift in research focus to concentrate efforts on the delivery of therapeutic concentration ranges of NO to the target tissue sites. Combinatory therapies utilizing biomaterials that control NO generation and support stem cell delivery can be holistic and synergistic approaches to significantly improve tissue regeneration. Here, the focus is on recent developments of various therapeutic platforms, engineered to both transport NO and to enhance stem-cell-mediated regeneration of damaged tissues. New and emerging revelations of how the stem cell microenvironment can be regulated by NO-releasing biomaterials are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Midgley
- Rongxiang Xu Center for Regenerative Life Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongzhen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Deling Kong
- Rongxiang Xu Center for Regenerative Life Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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20
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Elkhenany H, AlOkda A, El-Badawy A, El-Badri N. Tissue regeneration: Impact of sleep on stem cell regenerative capacity. Life Sci 2018; 214:51-61. [PMID: 30393021 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm orchestrates many cellular functions, such as cell division, cell migration, metabolism and numerous intracellular biological processes. The physiological changes during sleep are believed to promote a suitable microenvironment for stem cells to proliferate, migrate and differentiate. These effects are mediated either directly by circadian clock genes or indirectly via hormones and cytokines. Hormones, such as melatonin and cortisol, are secreted in response to neural optic signals and act in harmony to regulate many biological functions during sleep. Herein, we correlate the effects of the main circadian genes on the expression of certain stem cell genes responsible for the regeneration of different tissues, including bone, cartilage, skin, and intestine. We also review the effects of different hormones and cytokines on stem cell activation or suppression and their relationship to the day/night cycle. The correlation of circadian rhythm with tissue regeneration could have implications in understanding the biology of sleep and tissue regeneration and in enhancing the efficacy and timing of surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Elkhenany
- Centre of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12588, Egypt; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, 22785, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman AlOkda
- Centre of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12588, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Badawy
- Centre of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12588, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Centre of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12588, Egypt.
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21
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Chen X, Zhou B, Yan T, Wu H, Feng J, Chen H, Gao C, Peng T, Yang D, Shen J. Peroxynitrite enhances self-renewal, proliferation and neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells through activating HIF-1α and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 117:158-167. [PMID: 29427793 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic/ischemic stimulation could mediate growth and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) into mature neurons but its underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. Peroxynitrite formation is considered as a crucial pathological process contributing to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that peroxynitrite at low concentration could function as redox signaling to promote the growth of NSCs under hypoxic/ischemic conditions. Increased NSCs proliferation was accompanied by peroxynitrite production in the rat brains with 1 h of ischemia plus 7 days of reperfusion in vivo. Cell sorting experiments revealed that endogenous peroxynitrite level affected the capacity of proliferation and self-renewal in NSCs in vitro. Hypoxia stimulated peroxynitrite production and promoted NSCs self-renewal, proliferation and neuronal differentiation whereas treatments of peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts (PDCs, FeTMPyP and FeTPPS) blocked the changes in NSCs self-renewal, proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Exogenous peroxynitrite treatment revealed similar effects to promote NSCs proliferation, self-renewal and neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, the neurogenesis-promoting effects of peroxynitrite were partly through activating HIF-1α correlated with enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In conclusion, peroxynitrite could be a cellular redox signaling for promoting NSCs proliferation, self-renewal and neuronal differentiation and peroxynitrite production could contribute to neurogenesis in ischemic/hypoxic NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmiao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Binghua Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Tingting Yan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Jinghan Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Chong Gao
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China.
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22
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Santos AI, Carreira BP, Izquierdo-Álvarez A, Ramos E, Lourenço AS, Filipa Santos D, Morte MI, Ribeiro LF, Marreiros A, Sánchez-López N, Marina A, Carvalho CM, Martínez-Ruiz A, Araújo IM. S-Nitrosylation of Ras Mediates Nitric Oxide-Dependent Post-Injury Neurogenesis in a Seizure Model. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018. [PMID: 28648093 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the upregulation of endogenous neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and in the hippocampus after injury. One of the main neurogenic pathways activated by NO is the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, downstream of the epidermal growth factor receptor. However, the mechanism by which NO stimulates cell proliferation through activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway remains unknown, although p21Ras seems to be one of the earliest targets of NO. Here, we aimed at studying the possible neurogenic action of NO by post-translational modification of p21Ras as a relevant target for early neurogenic events promoted by NO in neural stem cells (NSCs). RESULTS We show that NO caused S-nitrosylation (SNO) of p21Ras in Cys118, which triggered downstream activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway and proliferation of NSC. Moreover, in cells overexpressing a mutant Ras in which Cys118 was replaced by a serine-C118S-, cells were insensitive to NO, and no increase in SNO, in ERK phosphorylation, or in cell proliferation was observed. We also show that, after seizures, in the presence of NO derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase, there was an increase in p21Ras cysteine modification that was concomitant with the previously described stimulation of proliferation in the dentate gyrus. INNOVATION Our work identifies p21Ras and its SNO as an early target of NO during signaling events that lead to NSC proliferation and neurogenesis. CONCLUSION Our data highlight Ras SNO as an early event leading to NSC proliferation, and they may provide a target for NO-induced stimulation of neurogenesis with implications for brain repair. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 15-30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Santos
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,2 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,3 Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Alicia Izquierdo-Álvarez
- 4 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ramos
- 4 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sofia Lourenço
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,2 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,3 Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Filipa Santos
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,2 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Morte
- 3 Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Filipe Ribeiro
- 5 VIB Center for the Biology of Disease , Leuven, Belgium .,6 KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Marreiros
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal
| | - Nuria Sánchez-López
- 4 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain .,7 Servicio de Proteómica, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Anabel Marina
- 7 Servicio de Proteómica, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- 4 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain .,8 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovaculares (CIBERCV) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Inês Maria Araújo
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,2 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,3 Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal .,9 Algarve Biomedical Centre , Faro, Portugal
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Chavez GG, Taylor G, Garaliene J, Richardson GP, Korneev SA. The temporal expression profile of a Nos3-related natural antisense RNA in the brain suggests a possible role in neurogenesis. Nitric Oxide 2017; 71:27-31. [PMID: 29031735 PMCID: PMC5714617 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Experimental work over the past several years has revealed an unexpected abundance of long natural antisense transcripts (NATs) in eukaryotic species. In light of the proposed role of such RNA molecules in the regulation of gene expression in the brain, attention is now focused on specific examples of neuronal NATs. Of particular interest are NATs that are complementary to mRNAs encoding nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the enzyme responsible for production of the important gaseous neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO). Here we study the temporal expression profile of murine Nos3as NAT in the brain. Notably, Nos3as NAT is known to act as a negative regulator of Nos3 gene expression. The results of our quantitative analysis reveal differential expression of Nos3as NAT during embryonic and post-embryonic stages of development of the brain. Also, they show that the low levels of Nos3as NAT coincides with active neurogenesis. In addition we report on an inverse correlation between the relative expression level of Nos3as NAT and the level of Nos3 protein. Thus our data raise the hypothesis that the Nos3as NAT regulates neurogenesis through suppression of Nos3 gene activity. This idea is further supported by experiments conducted on the olfactory bulbs and cultured neuroblastoma cells. Nos3as NAT and Nos3 mRNA are differentially expressed during mouse brain development and aging. Low levels of Nos3as NAT coincides with active neurogenesis. There is an inverse correlation between the expression level of Nos3as NAT and the level of Nos3 protein in the brain. Neuronal differentiation of cultured neuroblastoma cells is associated with up-regulation of Nos3as NAT. Nos3as NAT may be involved in controlling both embryonic and adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela G Chavez
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Gabriella Taylor
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Jekaterina Garaliene
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Guy P Richardson
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Sergei A Korneev
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
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24
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Silva AC, Ferreira IL, Hayden MR, Ferreiro E, Rego AC. Characterization of subventricular zone-derived progenitor cells from mild and late symptomatic YAC128 mouse model of Huntington's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:34-44. [PMID: 28939435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by an expansion of CAG repeats in the HTT gene, leading to expression of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) and selective striatal neuronal loss, frequently associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased support of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). New neurons derived from the subventricular zone (SVZ) are apparently not able to rescue HD pathological features. Thus, we analyzed proliferation, migration and differentiation of adult SVZ-derived neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPC) from mild (6month-old (mo)) and late (10mo) symptomatic HD YAC128 mice expressing full-length (FL)-mHTT versus age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. SVZ cells derived from 6mo YAC128 mice exhibited higher migratory capacity and a higher number of MAP2+ and synaptophysin+cells, compared to WT cells; MAP2 labeling was enhanced after exposure to BDNF. However, BDNF-evoked neuronal differentiation was not observed in 10mo YAC128 SVZ-derived cells. Interestingly, 6mo YAC128 SVZ-derived cells showed increased intracellular Ca2+ levels in response to KCl, which was potentiated by BDNF, evidencing the presence of differentiated neurons. In contrast, KCl depolarization-induced intracellular Ca2+ increase in 10mo YAC128 SVZ-derived cells was shown to be increased only in BDNF-treated YAC128 SVZ-derived cells, suggestive of decreased differentiation capacity. In addition, BDNF-untreated NSPC from 10mo YAC128 mice exhibited lower mitochondrial membrane potential and increased mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation, in relation with NSPC from 6mo YAC128 mice. Data evidence age-dependent reduced migration and decreased acquisition of a neuronal phenotype, accompanied by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in SVZ-derived cells from YAC128 mice through HD symptomatic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ildete L Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Elisabete Ferreiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Cristina Rego
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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25
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Effect of Nitric Oxide on Human Corneal Epithelial Cell Viability and Corneal Wound Healing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8093. [PMID: 28808342 PMCID: PMC5556055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the wound healing effects of nitric oxide (NO) are known, the mechanism by which NO modulates corneal wound healing remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous NO donor (NaNO2) on corneal wound healing. We found that NaNO2 (0.1 μM to 100 μM) increased human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) viability and migration. It also modulated the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in a time- dependent manner in those HCECs. Further, p38 MAPK phosphorylation increased at 6 h and normalized at 24 h, while the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) was increased both at 6 h and 24 h. Topical treatment with NaNO2 (10 μM) enhanced corneal epithelial healing and decreased corneal opacity in murine corneal alkali burn model by modulating inflammatory cytokines. Our findings suggest that NO increased HCEC proliferation and migration via time-dependent MAPK activation and eventually enhanced corneal recovery from the alkali burn.
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26
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Monteiro HP, Ogata FT, Stern A. Thioredoxin promotes survival signaling events under nitrosative/oxidative stress associated with cancer development. Biomed J 2017; 40:189-199. [PMID: 28918907 PMCID: PMC6136292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating mutations may drive cells into the acquisition of abnormal phenotypes that are characteristic of cancer cells. Cancer cells feature profound alterations in proliferation programs that result in a new population of cells that overrides normal tissue construction and maintenance programs. To achieve this goal, cancer cells are endowed with up regulated survival signaling pathways. They also must counteract the cytotoxic effects of high levels of nitric oxide (NO) and of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are by products of cancer cell growth. Accumulating experimental evidence associates cancer cell survival with their capacity to up-regulate antioxidant systems. Elevated expression of the antioxidant protein thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) has been correlated with cancer development. Trx1 has been characterized as a multifunctional protein, playing different roles in different cell compartments. Trx1 migrates to the nucleus in cells exposed to nitrosative/oxidative stress conditions. Trx1 nuclear migration has been related to the activation of transcription factors associated with cell survival and cell proliferation. There is a direct association between the p21Ras-ERK1/2 MAP Kinases survival signaling pathway and Trx1 nuclear migration under nitrosative stress. The expression of the cytoplasmic protein, the thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip), determines the change in Trx1 cellular compartmentalization. The anti-apoptotic actions of Trx1 and its denitrosylase activity occur in the cytoplasm and serve as important regulators of cell survival. Within this context, this review focuses on the participation of Trx1 in cells under nitrosative/oxidative stress in survival signaling pathways associated with cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo P Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy - CTCMol, Paulista Medical School/Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando T Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy - CTCMol, Paulista Medical School/Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Division of Biochemistry, Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arnold Stern
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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27
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Chen CK, Hsu PY, Wang TM, Miao ZF, Lin RT, Juo SHH. TRPV4 Activation Contributes Functional Recovery from Ischemic Stroke via Angiogenesis and Neurogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4127-4135. [PMID: 28597396 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) plays a crucial role in vascular remodeling; however, TRPV4-mediated angiogenesis after ischemic neuronal death as a neurorestorative strategy has not yet been thoroughly examined. In this study, we first tested whether TRPV4 activation can improve functional recovery in rats subjected to transient brain ischemia. The possible mechanisms for TRPV4 activation-promoted functional recovery were explored. A TRPV4 agonist, 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4α-PDD), was intravenously injected via the tail vein at 6 h and 1, 2, 3, 4 days after ischemic stroke. The treatment reduced infarct volume by almost 50% (14.7 ± 3.7 vs. 29.2 ± 6.2%; p < 0.0001) and improved functional outcomes (p = 0.03) on day 5. To explore the therapeutic mechanism, we measured endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and phosphorylation, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) signaling, and neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs). TRPV4 activation significantly increased eNOS expression and phosphorylation (serine 1177) by more than 2-fold in the ischemic region. The expressions of VEGFA and VEGF receptor-2 were significantly higher in the treated animals, especially an increase of the proangiogenic VEGFA164a isoform while a decrease of the antiangiogenic VEGFA165b isoform. We evaluated angiogenesis by detecting microvessel density in ischemic region. Using the immunohistochemistry staining, we found that 4α-PDD treatment caused a 3.4-fold increase of microvessel density (p < 0.0001). In addition, NPC proliferation and migration in the ischemic hemisphere were increased by 3-fold and 5-fold, respectively. In conclusion, our data suggest that TRPV4 activation by 4α-PDD may improve poststroke functional improvement through angiogenesis and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kai Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Collage of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Feng Miao
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Tay Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang H Juo
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Center for Myopia and Eye Disease, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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28
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Ottoboni L, Merlini A, Martino G. Neural Stem Cell Plasticity: Advantages in Therapy for the Injured Central Nervous System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:52. [PMID: 28553634 PMCID: PMC5427132 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological and pathological properties of the neural germinal stem cell niche have been well-studied in the past 30 years, mainly in animals and within given limits in humans, and knowledge is available for the cyto-architectonic structure, the cellular components, the timing of development and the energetic maintenance of the niche, as well as for the therapeutic potential and the cross talk between neural and immune cells. In recent years we have gained detailed understanding of the potentiality of neural stem cells (NSCs), although we are only beginning to understand their molecular, metabolic, and epigenetic profile in physiopathology and, further, more can be invested to measure quantitatively the activity of those cells, to model in vitro their therapeutic responses or to predict interactions in silico. Information in this direction has been put forward for other organs but is still limited in the complex and very less accessible context of the brain. A comprehensive understanding of the behavior of endogenous NSCs will help to tune or model them toward a desired response in order to treat complex neurodegenerative diseases. NSCs have the ability to modulate multiple cellular functions and exploiting their plasticity might make them into potent and versatile cellular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ottoboni
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilan, Italy
| | - Arianna Merlini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilan, Italy
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29
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Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms in Neurogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2645-2652. [PMID: 28421538 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical gas, acts as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the central nervous system (CNS). It has been widely explored as a mediator of neuroinflammation, neuronal damages, and neurodegeneration at its pathological levels. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that NO plays key roles in mediating adult neurogenesis, the process of neural stem cells (NSCs) to generate newborn neurons for replacing damaged neurons or maintaining the function of the brain. NO synthase (NOS) is a major enzyme catalyzing the generation of NO in the brain. Recent studies indicate that three homologous NOS isoforms are involved in the proliferation of NSCs and neurogenesis. Therefore, the impact of NOS isoforms on NSC functions needs to be elucidated. Here, we summarize the studies on the role of NO and NOS with different isoforms in NSC proliferation and neurogenesis with the focus on introducing action mechanisms involved in the regulation of NSC function. This growing research area provides the new insight into controlling NSC function via regulating NO microenvironment in the brain. It also provides the evidence on targeting NOS for the treatment of brain diseases.
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30
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Machado VM, Lourenço AS, Florindo C, Fernandes R, Carvalho CM, Araújo IM. Calpastatin Overexpression Preserves Cognitive Function Following Seizures, While Maintaining Post-Injury Neurogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:60. [PMID: 28386216 PMCID: PMC5362605 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult mammalian brain, new neurons continue to be produced throughout life in two main regions in the brain, the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the hippocampus and the subventricular zone in the walls of the lateral ventricles. Neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferate in these niches, and migrate as neuroblasts, to further differentiate in locations where new neurons are needed, either in normal or pathological conditions. However, the endogenous attempt of brain repair is not very efficient. Calpains are proteases known to be involved in neuronal damage and in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation of several cell types, though their effects on neurogenesis are not well known. Previous work by our group has shown that the absence of calpastatin (CAST), the endogenous inhibitor of calpains, impairs early stages of neurogenesis. Since the hippocampus is highly associated with learning and memory, we aimed to evaluate whether calpain inhibition would help improve cognitive recovery after lesion and efficiency of post-injury neurogenesis in this region. For that purpose, we used the kainic acid (KA) model of seizure-induced hippocampal lesion and mice overexpressing CAST. Selected cognitive tests were performed on the 3rd and 8th week after KA-induced lesion, and cell proliferation, migration and differentiation in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus of adult mice were analyzed using specific markers. Cognitive recovery was evaluated by testing the animals for recognition, spatial and associative learning and memory. Cognitive function was preserved by CAST overexpression following seizures, while modulation of post-injury neurogenesis was similar to wild type (WT) mice. Calpain inhibition could still be potentially able to prevent the impairment in the formation of new neurons, given that the levels of calpain activity could be reduced under a certain threshold and other harmful effects from the pathological environment could also be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Machado
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal; Center for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of AlgarveFaro, Portugal; Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of AlgarveFaro, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Lourenço
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal; Center for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of AlgarveFaro, Portugal; Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of AlgarveFaro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Florindo
- Center for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of AlgarveFaro, Portugal; Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of AlgarveFaro, Portugal
| | - Raquel Fernandes
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal
| | - Caetana M Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês M Araújo
- Center for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of AlgarveFaro, Portugal; Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of AlgarveFaro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, University of AlgarveFaro, Portugal
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31
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Üçal M, Kraitsy K, Weidinger A, Paier-Pourani J, Patz S, Fink B, Molcanyi M, Schäfer U. Comprehensive Profiling of Modulation of Nitric Oxide Levels and Mitochondrial Activity in the Injured Brain: An Experimental Study Based on the Fluid Percussion Injury Model in Rats. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:475-486. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muammer Üçal
- Research Unit Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Kraitsy
- Research Unit Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Adelheid Weidinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical and Experimental Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jamile Paier-Pourani
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical and Experimental Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silke Patz
- Research Unit Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bruno Fink
- NOXYGEN Science Transfer & Diagnostics GmbH, Elzach, Germany
| | - Marek Molcanyi
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ute Schäfer
- Research Unit Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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32
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Kozlov AV, Bahrami S, Redl H, Szabo C. Alterations in nitric oxide homeostasis during traumatic brain injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2627-2632. [PMID: 28064018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Changes in nitric oxide (NO) levels have been often associated with various forms of trauma, including secondary damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Several studies demonstrate the upregulation of NO synthase (NOS) enzymes, and concomitant increases in brain NO levels, which contribute to the TBI-associated glutamate cytotoxicity, including the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction. TBI is also associated with elevated NO levels in remote organs, indicating that TBI can induce systemic changes in NO regulation, which can be either beneficial or detrimental. Here we review the possible mechanisms responsible for changes in NO metabolism during TBI. Better understanding of the changes in NO homeostasis in TBI will be necessary to design rational therapeutic approaches for TBI. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Immune and Metabolic Alterations in Trauma and Sepsis edited by Dr. Raghavan Raju.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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33
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Sotthibundhu A, Ekthuwapranee K, Govitrapong P. Comparison of melatonin with growth factors in promoting precursor cells proliferation in adult mouse subventricular zone. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:829-841. [PMID: 28275319 PMCID: PMC5341012 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, secreted mainly by the pineal gland, plays roles in various physiological functions including protecting cell death. We showed in previous study that the proliferation and differentiation of precursor cells from the adult mouse subventricular zone (SVZ) can be modulated by melatonin via the MT1 melatonin receptor. Since melatonin and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) share some signaling pathway components, we investigated whether melatonin can promote the proliferation of precursor cells from the adult mouse SVZ via the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase /mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathways in comparison with epidermal growth factor (EGF). Melatonin-induced ERK/MAPK pathways compared with EGF were measured by using in vitro and vivo models. We used neurosphere proliferation assay, immunocytochemistry, and immuno-blotting to analyze significant differences between melatonin and growth factor treatment. We also used specific antagonist and inhibitors to confirm the exactly signaling pathway including luzindole and U0126. We found that significant increase in proliferation was observed when two growth factors (EGF+bFGF) and melatonin were used simultaneously compared with EGF + bFGF or compared with melatonin alone. In addition, the present result suggested the synergistic effect occurred of melatonin and growth factors on the activating the ERK/MAPK pathway. This study exhibited that melatonin could act as a trophic factor, increasing proliferation in precursor cells mediated through the melatonin receptor coupled to ERK/MAPK signaling pathways. Understanding the mechanism by which melatonin regulates precursor cells may conduct to the development of novel strategies for neurodegenerative disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areechun Sotthibundhu
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Patumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kasima Ekthuwapranee
- Physical therapy, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand; Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom, Thailand; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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34
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Park J, Lee H, Lee HJ, Kim GC, Kim DY, Han S, Song K. Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Efficiently Promotes the Proliferation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells by Activating NO-Response Pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39298. [PMID: 27991548 PMCID: PMC5171835 DOI: 10.1038/srep39298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) is defined as a partially ionized gas with electrically charged particles at atmospheric pressure. Our study showed that exposure to NTAPP generated in a helium-based dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) device increased the proliferation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) by 1.57-fold on an average, compared with untreated cells at 72 h after initial NTAPP exposure. NTAPP-exposed ASCs maintained their stemness, capability to differentiate into adipocytes but did not show cellular senescence. Therefore, we suggested that NTAPP can be used to increase the proliferation of ASCs without affecting their stem cell properties. When ASCs were exposed to NTAPP in the presence of a nitric oxide (NO) scavenger, the proliferation-enhancing effect of NTAPP was not obvious. Meanwhile, the proliferation of NTAPP-exposed ASCs was not much changed in the presence of scavengers for reactive oxygen species (ROS). Also, Akt, ERK1/2, and NF-κB were activated in ASCs after NTAPP exposure. These results demonstrated that NO rather than ROS is responsible for the enhanced proliferation of ASCs following NTAPP exposure. Taken together, this study suggests that NTAPP would be an efficient tool for use in the medical application of ASCs both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongyeon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyunyoung Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea
| | - Hae June Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea
| | - Gyoo Cheon Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sungbum Han
- Batang Plastic Surgery Center, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06120, Korea
| | - Kiwon Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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35
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Fu JP, Mo WC, Liu Y, Bartlett PF, He RQ. Elimination of the geomagnetic field stimulates the proliferation of mouse neural progenitor and stem cells. Protein Cell 2016; 7:624-37. [PMID: 27484904 PMCID: PMC5003790 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Living organisms are exposed to the geomagnetic field (GMF) throughout their lifespan. Elimination of the GMF, resulting in a hypogeomagnetic field (HMF), leads to central nervous system dysfunction and abnormal development in animals. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these effects have not been identified so far. Here, we show that exposure to an HMF (<200 nT), produced by a magnetic field shielding chamber, promotes the proliferation of neural progenitor/stem cells (NPCs/NSCs) from C57BL/6 mice. Following seven-day HMF-exposure, the primary neurospheres (NSs) were significantly larger in size, and twice more NPCs/NSCs were harvested from neonatal NSs, when compared to the GMF controls. The self-renewal capacity and multipotency of the NSs were maintained, as HMF-exposed NSs were positive for NSC markers (Nestin and Sox2), and could differentiate into neurons and astrocyte/glial cells and be passaged continuously. In addition, adult mice exposed to the HMF for one month were observed to have a greater number of proliferative cells in the subventricular zone. These findings indicate that continuous HMF-exposure increases the proliferation of NPCs/NSCs, in vitro and in vivo. HMF-disturbed NPCs/NSCs production probably affects brain development and function, which provides a novel clue for elucidating the cellular mechanisms of the bio-HMF response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Peng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei-Chuan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Perry F Bartlett
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rong-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Alzheimer's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Caffeine Reverts Memory But Not Mood Impairment in a Depression-Prone Mouse Strain with Up-Regulated Adenosine A2A Receptor in Hippocampal Glutamate Synapses. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1552-1563. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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37
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Sharma A, Shiras A. Cancer stem cell-vascular endothelial cell interactions in glioblastoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 473:688-92. [PMID: 26692486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a higher grade glial tumor, is highly aggressive, therapy resistant and often shows poor patient prognosis due to frequent recurrence. These features of GBM are attributed to presence of a significantly smaller proportion of glioma stem cells (GSCs) that are endowed with self-renewal ability, multi-potent nature and show resistance to therapy in patients. GSCs preferably take shelter close to tumor vasculature due to paracrine need of soluble factors secreted by endothelial cells (ECs) of vasculature. The physical proximity of GSCs to ECs creates a localized perivascular niche where mutual GSC-EC interactions regulate GSC stemness, migration, therapy resistance, and cellular kinetics during tumor growth. Together, perivascular niche presents a therapeutically targetable tumor structure for clinical management of GBM. Thus, understanding cellular and non-cellular components in perivascular niche is vital for designing in vitro and in vivo GBM tumor models. Here, we discuss the components and structure of tumor vascular niche and its impact on tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Sharma
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
| | - Anjali Shiras
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
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38
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Nitric Oxide Regulates Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus following Seizures. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:451512. [PMID: 26587180 PMCID: PMC4637492 DOI: 10.1155/2015/451512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis is changed by brain injury. When neuroinflammation accompanies injury, activation of resident microglial cells promotes the release of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species like nitric oxide (NO). In these conditions, NO promotes proliferation of neural stem cells (NSC) in the hippocampus. However, little is known about the role of NO in the survival and differentiation of newborn cells in the injured dentate gyrus. Here we investigated the role of NO following seizures in the regulation of proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival of NSC in the hippocampus using the kainic acid (KA) induced seizure mouse model. We show that NO increased the proliferation of NSC and the number of neuroblasts following seizures but was detrimental to the survival of newborn neurons. NO was also required for the maintenance of long-term neuroinflammation. Taken together, our data show that NO positively contributes to the initial stages of neurogenesis following seizures but compromises survival of newborn neurons.
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Machado VM, Morte MI, Carreira BP, Azevedo MM, Takano J, Iwata N, Saido TC, Asmussen H, Horwitz AR, Carvalho CM, Araújo IM. Involvement of calpains in adult neurogenesis: implications for stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:22. [PMID: 25698931 PMCID: PMC4316774 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains are ubiquitous proteases involved in cell proliferation, adhesion and motility. In the brain, calpains have been associated with neuronal damage in both acute and neurodegenerative disorders, but their physiological function in the nervous system remains elusive. During brain ischemia, there is a large increase in the levels of intracellular calcium, leading to the activation of calpains. Inhibition of these proteases has been shown to reduce neuronal death in a variety of stroke models. On the other hand, after stroke, neural stem cells (NSC) increase their proliferation and newly formed neuroblasts migrate towards the site of injury. However, the process of forming new neurons after injury is not efficient and finding ways to improve it may help with recovery after lesion. Understanding the role of calpains in the process of neurogenesis may therefore open a new window for the treatment of stroke. We investigated the involvement of calpains in NSC proliferation and neuroblast migration in two highly neurogenic regions in the mouse brain, the dentate gyrus (DG) and the subventricular zone (SVZ). We used mice that lack calpastatin, the endogenous calpain inhibitor, and calpains were also modulated directly, using calpeptin, a pharmacological calpain inhibitor. Calpastatin deletion impaired both NSC proliferation and neuroblast migration. Calpain inhibition increased NSC proliferation, migration speed and migration distance in cells from the SVZ. Overall, our work suggests that calpains are important for neurogenesis and encourages further research on their neurogenic role. Prospective therapies targeting calpain activity may improve the formation of new neurons following stroke, in addition to affording neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Machado
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal ; IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal ; Center for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal ; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria I Morte
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno P Carreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria M Azevedo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jiro Takano
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Iwata
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hannelore Asmussen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alan R Horwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Caetana M Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês M Araújo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal ; IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal ; Center for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal ; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
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Carreira BP, Morte MI, Santos AI, Lourenço AS, Ambrósio AF, Carvalho CM, Araújo IM. Nitric oxide from inflammatory origin impairs neural stem cell proliferation by inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:343. [PMID: 25389386 PMCID: PMC4211408 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is characterized by activation of microglial cells, followed by production of nitric oxide (NO), which may have different outcomes on neurogenesis, favoring or inhibiting this process. In the present study, we investigated how the inflammatory mediator NO can affect proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs), and explored possible mechanisms underlying this effect. We investigated which mechanisms are involved in the regulation of NSC proliferation following treatment with an inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide plus IFN-γ), using a culture system of subventricular zone (SVZ)-derived NSCs mixed with microglia cells obtained from wild-type mice (iNOS(+/+)) or from iNOS knockout mice (iNOS(-/-)). We found an impairment of NSC cell proliferation in iNOS(+/+) mixed cultures, which was not observed in iNOS(-/-) mixed cultures. Furthermore, the increased release of NO by activated iNOS(+/+) microglial cells decreased the activation of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway, which was concomitant with an enhanced nitration of the EGF receptor. Preventing nitrogen reactive species formation with MnTBAP, a scavenger of peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), or using the ONOO(-) degradation catalyst FeTMPyP, cell proliferation and ERK signaling were restored to basal levels in iNOS(+/+) mixed cultures. Moreover, exposure to the NO donor NOC-18 (100 μM), for 48 h, inhibited SVZ-derived NSC proliferation. Regarding the antiproliferative effect of NO, we found that NOC-18 caused the impairment of signaling through the ERK/MAPK pathway, which may be related to increased nitration of the EGF receptor in NSC. Using MnTBAP nitration was prevented, maintaining ERK signaling, rescuing NSC proliferation. We show that NO from inflammatory origin leads to a decreased function of the EGF receptor, which compromised proliferation of NSC. We also demonstrated that NO-mediated nitration of the EGF receptor caused a decrease in its phosphorylation, thus preventing regular proliferation signaling through the ERK/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Carreira
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria I Morte
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana I Santos
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal ; Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal ; Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, CBME/IBB, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana S Lourenço
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal ; Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal ; Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, CBME/IBB, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal
| | - António F Ambrósio
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal ; Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Caetana M Carvalho
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês M Araújo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal ; Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, CBME/IBB, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal
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Santos AI, Martínez-Ruiz A, Araújo IM. S-nitrosation and neuronal plasticity. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:1468-78. [PMID: 24962517 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has long been recognized as a multifaceted participant in brain physiology. Despite the knowledge that was gathered over many years regarding the contribution of NO to neuronal plasticity, for example the ability of the brain to change in response to new stimuli, only in recent years have we begun to understand how NO acts on the molecular and cellular level to orchestrate such important phenomena as synaptic plasticity (modification of the strength of existing synapses) or the formation of new synapses (synaptogenesis) and new neurons (neurogenesis). Post-translational modification of proteins by NO derivatives or reactive nitrogen species is a non-classical mechanism for signalling by NO. S-nitrosation is a reversible post-translational modification of thiol groups (mainly on cysteines) that may result in a change of function of the modified protein. S-nitrosation of key target proteins has emerged as a main regulatory mechanism by which NO can influence several levels of brain plasticity, which are reviewed in this work. Understanding how S-nitrosation contributes to neural plasticity can help us to better understand the physiology of these processes, and to better address pathological changes in plasticity that are involved in the pathophysiology of several neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Santos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Abstract
An important hallmark of many adult stem cell niches is their proximity to the vasculature in vivo, a feature common to neural stem cells (NSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow, adipose, and other tissues, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and many tumor stem cells. This review summarizes key studies supporting the vasculature's instructive role in adult stem cell niches, and the putative underlying molecular mechanisms by which blood vessels in these niches exert control over progenitor cell fates. The importance of the perivascular niche for pathology, notably tumor metastasis and dormancy, is also highlighted. Finally, the implications of the perivascular regulation of stem and progenitor cells on biomaterial design and the impact on future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Putnam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Stimulation of neural stem cell proliferation by inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:878397. [PMID: 24550991 PMCID: PMC3914480 DOI: 10.1155/2014/878397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) in neurogenesis has been progressively unmasked over the last decade. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) specifically degrades cGMP and is highly abundant in the mammalian brain. Inhibition of cGMP hydrolysis by blocking PDE5 is a possible strategy to enhance the first step of neurogenesis, proliferation of neural stem cells (NSC). In this work, we have studied the effect on cell proliferation of 3 inhibitors with different selectivity and potency for PDE5, T0156, sildenafil, and zaprinast, using subventricular zone-(SVZ-) derived NSC cultures. We observed that a short- (6 h) or a long-term (24 h) treatment with PDE5 inhibitors increased SVZ-derived NSC proliferation. Cell proliferation induced by PDE5 inhibitors was dependent on the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and was abolished by inhibitors of MAPK signaling, soluble guanylyl cyclase, and protein kinase G. Moreover, sildenafil neither activated ERK1/2 nor altered p27Kip1 levels, suggesting the involvement of pathways different from those activated by T0156 or zaprinast. In agreement with the present results, PDE5 inhibitors may be an interesting therapeutic approach for enhancing the proliferation stage of adult neurogenesis.
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Abstract
Since it was first identified to play an important role in relaxation of blood vessels, nitric oxide has been demonstrated to regulate many biological processes, especially in the central nervous system. Of the three types of enzymes that produce nitric oxide in humans and rodents, neuronal type is found almost exclusively in the nervous system. This gaseous molecule is a nonclassical neurotransmitter, which maintains the activities of neural cells and regulates the normal functions of brain. It appears to play a role in promoting the transfer of nerve signals from one neuron to another, maintaining the synaptic strength. Meanwhile, nitric oxide is a unique regulator on neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, producing the positive or negative effects upon different signal pathways or cellular origins and locations. Based on its significant roles in neural plasticity, nitric oxide is involved in a number of central nervous diseases, such as ischemia, depression, anxiety, and Alzheimer's disease. Clarifying the profiles of nitric oxide in the brain tissues and its participation in pathophysiological processes opens a new avenue for development of new therapeutic strategies. Thus, this chapter specifies the effects of nitric oxide in the hippocampus, a key structure implicated in the modulation of mood and memories, exhibiting the trend of future research on nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- Institute for Stem Cells and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Institute for Stem Cells and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Abstract
The ubiquitous gaseous signaling molecule nitric oxide participates in the regulation of a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including adult neurogenesis. Adult neurogenesis, or the generation of new neurons in the adult brain, is a restricted event confined to areas with neurogenic capability. Although nitric oxide has been shown to mediate conflicting effects on adult neurogenesis, which may be partly explained by its unique characteristics, more studies are required in order to fully comprehend and appreciate the mechanisms involved. Neuropeptide Y, a neurotransmitter shown to be an important regulator of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, acts through intracellular nitric oxide to induce an increase in neural progenitor cell proliferation.
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46
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Fu M, Landreville S, Agapova OA, Wiley LA, Shoykhet M, Harbour JW, Heuckeroth RO. Retinoblastoma protein prevents enteric nervous system defects and intestinal pseudo-obstruction. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:5152-64. [PMID: 24177421 PMCID: PMC3859411 DOI: 10.1172/jci67653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) tumor suppressor is a critical regulator of cell cycle progression and development. To investigate the role of RB1 in neural crest-derived melanocytes, we bred mice with a floxed Rb1 allele with mice expressing Cre from the tyrosinase (Tyr) promoter. TyrCre+;Rb1fl/fl mice exhibited no melanocyte defects but died unexpectedly early with intestinal obstruction, striking defects in the enteric nervous system (ENS), and abnormal intestinal motility. Cre-induced DNA recombination occurred in all enteric glia and most small bowel myenteric neurons, yet phenotypic effects of Rb1 loss were cell-type specific. Enteric glia were twice as abundant in mutant mice compared with those in control animals, while myenteric neuron number was normal. Most myenteric neurons also appeared normal in size, but NO-producing myenteric neurons developed very large nuclei as a result of DNA replication without cell division (i.e., endoreplication). Parallel studies in vitro found that exogenous NO and Rb1 shRNA increased ENS precursor DNA replication and nuclear size. The large, irregularly shaped nuclei in NO-producing neurons were remarkably similar to those in progeria, an early-onset aging disorder that has been linked to RB1 dysfunction. These findings reveal a role for RB1 in the ENS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Fu
- Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Developmental, Regenerative and Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Solange Landreville
- Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Developmental, Regenerative and Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Olga A. Agapova
- Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Developmental, Regenerative and Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Luke A. Wiley
- Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Developmental, Regenerative and Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael Shoykhet
- Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Developmental, Regenerative and Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - J. William Harbour
- Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Developmental, Regenerative and Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert O. Heuckeroth
- Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Developmental, Regenerative and Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Morte MI, Carreira BP, Machado V, Carmo A, Nunes-Correia I, Carvalho CM, Araújo IM. Evaluation of proliferation of neural stem cells in vitro and in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Chapter 2:Unit 2D.14. [PMID: 23404673 DOI: 10.1002/9780470151808.sc02d14s24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This unit describes two basic protocols for the detection of the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSC). The first one addresses cell proliferation in cultures, starting with primary cell cultures isolated from the mouse subventricular zone (SVZ), in which SVZ-derived NSC are kept in culture as neurospheres. By using this culture system, we are able to study different stages of adult neurogenesis, such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival. Thus, in the first basic protocol, we describe two different techniques to evaluate cell proliferation based on EdU incorporation: (a) immunocytochemistry and (b) flow cytometry. EdU, a new thymidine analog, which is detected by a reproducible and sensitive method based on click chemistry, does not require DNA denaturation, as is the case with BrdU. Thus, co-labeling of EdU with other specific antibodies of extracellular or intracellular targets, as well as other DNA dyes, is possible. In the second basic protocol, we describe an in vivo assay to evaluate proliferation of NSC in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus of adult mice, by both BrdU and EdU detection. With this approach, it is also possible to study different stages of adult neurogenesis, by co-labeling thymidine analogs with other specific markers, such as doublecortin (DCX) or neuronal nuclei protein (NeuN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês Morte
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Podda MV, Piacentini R, Barbati SA, Mastrodonato A, Puzzo D, D’Ascenzo M, Leone L, Grassi C. Role of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in the modulation of mouse hippocampal neurogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73246. [PMID: 23991183 PMCID: PMC3750014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells generate neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in mammals, including humans, throughout adulthood. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been the focus of many studies due to its relevance in processes such as learning and memory and its documented impairment in some neurodegenerative diseases. However, we are still far from having a complete picture of the mechanism regulating this process. Our study focused on the possible role of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels. These voltage-independent channels activated by cyclic nucleotides, first described in retinal and olfactory receptors, have been receiving increasing attention for their involvement in several brain functions. Here we show that the rod-type, CNGA1, and olfactory-type, CNGA2, subunits are expressed in hippocampal neural stem cells in culture and in situ in the hippocampal neurogenic niche of adult mice. Pharmacological blockade of CNG channels did not affect cultured neural stem cell proliferation but reduced their differentiation towards the neuronal phenotype. The membrane permeant cGMP analogue, 8-Br-cGMP, enhanced neural stem cell differentiation to neurons and this effect was prevented by CNG channel blockade. In addition, patch-clamp recording from neuron-like differentiating neural stem cells revealed cGMP-activated currents attributable to ion flow through CNG channels. The current work provides novel insights into the role of CNG channels in promoting hippocampal neurogenesis, which may prove to be relevant for stem cell-based treatment of cognitive impairment and brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Podda
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Piacentini
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Mastrodonato
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Puzzo
- Section of Physiology, Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marcello D’Ascenzo
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Leone
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
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Berg DA, Belnoue L, Song H, Simon A. Neurotransmitter-mediated control of neurogenesis in the adult vertebrate brain. Development 2013; 140:2548-61. [PMID: 23715548 DOI: 10.1242/dev.088005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It was long thought that no new neurons are added to the adult brain. Similarly, neurotransmitter signaling was primarily associated with communication between differentiated neurons. Both of these ideas have been challenged, and a crosstalk between neurogenesis and neurotransmitter signaling is beginning to emerge. In this Review, we discuss neurotransmitter signaling as it functions at the intersection of stem cell research and regenerative medicine, exploring how it may regulate the formation of new functional neurons and outlining interactions with other signaling pathways. We consider evolutionary and cross-species comparative aspects, and integrate available results in the context of normal physiological versus pathological conditions. We also discuss the potential role of neurotransmitters in brain size regulation and implications for cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Berg
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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50
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Zhang RL, Zhang ZG, Chopp M. Targeting nitric oxide in the subacute restorative treatment of ischemic stroke. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:843-51. [PMID: 23597052 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.793672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke remains the leading cause of adult disability. Thus, it is imperative to develop restorative therapies for ischemic stroke designed specifically to treat the intact brain tissue to stimulate functional benefit. Therapies targeting amplification of brain repair processes with nitric oxide (NO) donors and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors in preclinical studies are emerging and showing improvement of functional recovery after stroke. AREAS COVERED This review will mainly cover the effect of NO donors, which produce NO, and PDE5 inhibitors, which elevate cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP), on neural restorative events in ischemic brain and highlight mechanisms underlying their restorative therapeutic activity. EXPERT OPINION During stroke recovery, interwoven restorative events occur in ischemic brain, which include angiogenesis, neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, astrogliosis and neurite outgrowth. Emerging preclinical data indicate that restorative therapies targeting multiple parenchymal cells including neural stem cells, cerebral endothelial cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons would be more effective than agents with a single cell target. Preclinical data suggest that elevated cGMP levels induced by NO donors and PDE5 inhibitors act on cerebral endothelial cells, neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells to enhance stroke-induced angiogenesis, neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis, respectively. These interacting remodeling events collectively improve neurological function after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lan Zhang
- Henry Ford Hospital, Department of Neurology, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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