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Hara S, Kono H, Suto N, Kojima H, Kishimoto K, Yoshino H, Niiyama S, Kakihana Y, Ichinose H. Inhibition of QDPR synergistically modulates intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin profiles in cooperation with methotrexate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 717:150059. [PMID: 38723517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for dopamine and serotonin synthesis in monoaminergic neurons, phenylalanine metabolism in hepatocytes, and nitric oxide synthesis in endothelial and immune cells. BH4 is consumed as a cofactor or is readily oxidized by autooxidation. Quinonoid dihydropteridine reductase (QDPR) is an enzyme that reduces quinonoid dihydrobiopterin (qBH2) back to BH4, and we have previously demonstrated the significance of QDPR in maintaining BH4 in vivo using Qdpr-KO mice. In addition to the levels of BH4 in the cells, the ratios of oxidized to reduced forms of BH4 are supposed to be important for regulating nitric oxide synthase (NOS) via the so-called uncoupling of NOS. However, previous studies were limited due to the absence of specific and high-affinity inhibitors against QDPR. Here, we performed a high-throughput screening for a QDPR inhibitor and identified Compound 9b with an IC50 of 0.72 μM. To understand the inhibition mechanism, we performed kinetic analyses and molecular dynamics simulations. Treatment with 9b combined with methotrexate (MTX), an inhibitor of another BH4-reducing enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), significantly oxidized intracellular redox states in HepG2, Jurkat, SH-SY5Y, and PC12D cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that 9b may enhance the anticancer and anti-autoimmune effects of MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Haruka Kono
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoki Suto
- Drug Discovery Initiative, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotatsu Kojima
- Drug Discovery Initiative, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaito Kishimoto
- Research and Development Center, SHIRATORI Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Narashino, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshino
- Research and Development Center, SHIRATORI Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Narashino, Japan
| | - Shuhei Niiyama
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kakihana
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
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Niewiadomska-Cimicka A, Fievet L, Surdyka M, Jesion E, Keime C, Singer E, Eisenmann A, Kalinowska-Poska Z, Nguyen HHP, Fiszer A, Figiel M, Trottier Y. AAV-Mediated CAG-Targeting Selectively Reduces Polyglutamine-Expanded Protein and Attenuates Disease Phenotypes in a Spinocerebellar Ataxia Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4354. [PMID: 38673939 PMCID: PMC11050704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ)-encoding CAG repeat expansions represent a common disease-causing mutation responsible for several dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). PolyQ-expanded SCA proteins are toxic for cerebellar neurons, with Purkinje cells (PCs) being the most vulnerable. RNA interference (RNAi) reagents targeting transcripts with expanded CAG reduce the level of various mutant SCA proteins in an allele-selective manner in vitro and represent promising universal tools for treating multiple CAG/polyQ SCAs. However, it remains unclear whether the therapeutic targeting of CAG expansion can be achieved in vivo and if it can ameliorate cerebellar functions. Here, using a mouse model of SCA7 expressing a mutant Atxn7 allele with 140 CAGs, we examined the efficacy of short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting CAG repeats expressed from PHP.eB adeno-associated virus vectors (AAVs), which were introduced into the brain via intravascular injection. We demonstrated that shRNAs carrying various mismatches with the CAG target sequence reduced the level of polyQ-expanded ATXN7 in the cerebellum, albeit with varying degrees of allele selectivity and safety profile. An shRNA named A4 potently reduced the level of polyQ-expanded ATXN7, with no effect on normal ATXN7 levels and no adverse side effects. Furthermore, A4 shRNA treatment improved a range of motor and behavioral parameters 23 weeks after AAV injection and attenuated the disease burden of PCs by preventing the downregulation of several PC-type-specific genes. Our results show the feasibility of the selective targeting of CAG expansion in the cerebellum using a blood-brain barrier-permeable vector to attenuate the disease phenotype in an SCA mouse model. Our study represents a significant advancement in developing CAG-targeting strategies as a potential therapy for SCA7 and possibly other CAG/polyQ SCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Niewiadomska-Cimicka
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France; (L.F.); (C.K.); (A.E.)
| | - Lorraine Fievet
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France; (L.F.); (C.K.); (A.E.)
| | - Magdalena Surdyka
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (E.J.); (Z.K.-P.); (M.F.)
| | - Ewelina Jesion
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (E.J.); (Z.K.-P.); (M.F.)
| | - Céline Keime
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France; (L.F.); (C.K.); (A.E.)
| | - Elisabeth Singer
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Aurélie Eisenmann
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France; (L.F.); (C.K.); (A.E.)
| | - Zaneta Kalinowska-Poska
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (E.J.); (Z.K.-P.); (M.F.)
| | - Hoa Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Agnieszka Fiszer
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Maciej Figiel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (E.J.); (Z.K.-P.); (M.F.)
| | - Yvon Trottier
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France; (L.F.); (C.K.); (A.E.)
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3
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Alqudah A, Qnais E, Wedyan M, Awali A, Bseiso Y, Gammoh O. Amino acid profiles: exploring their diagnostic and pathophysiological significance in hypertension. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:200. [PMID: 38270677 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension, a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity, is closely linked to amino acid metabolism. Amino acids, particularly branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs), may play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis and potential management of hypertension. This review investigated the relationships between amino acid profiles, specifically BCAAs and AAAs, and hypertension, and examined their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. An in-depth analysis was conducted on studies highlighting the associations of specific amino acids such as arginine, glycine, proline, glutamine, and the BCAAs and AAAs with hypertension. BCAAs and AAAs, alongside other amino acids like arginine, glycine, and proline, showed significant correlations with hypertension. These amino acids influence multiple pathways including nitric oxide synthesis, vascular remodeling, and neurotransmitter production, among others. Distinct amino acid profiles were discerned between hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals. Amino acid profiling, particularly the levels of BCAAs and AAAs, offers promising avenues in the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for hypertension. Future studies are crucial to confirm these findings and to delineate amino acid-based interventions for hypertension treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
| | - Esam Qnais
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Wedyan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Ayat Awali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Yousra Bseiso
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Omar Gammoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
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Pardridge WM. Treatment of Parkinson's disease with biologics that penetrate the blood-brain barrier via receptor-mediated transport. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1276376. [PMID: 38035276 PMCID: PMC10682952 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1276376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by neurodegeneration of nigral-striatal neurons in parallel with the formation of intra-neuronal α-synuclein aggregates, and these processes are exacerbated by neuro-inflammation. All 3 components of PD pathology are potentially treatable with biologics. Neurotrophins, such as glial derived neurotrophic factor or erythropoietin, can promote neural repair. Therapeutic antibodies can lead to disaggregation of α-synuclein neuronal inclusions. Decoy receptors can block the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines in brain. However, these biologic drugs do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Biologics can be made transportable through the BBB following the re-engineering of the biologic as an IgG fusion protein, where the IgG domain targets an endogenous receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) system within the BBB, such as the insulin receptor or transferrin receptor. The receptor-specific antibody domain of the fusion protein acts as a molecular Trojan horse to ferry the biologic into brain via the BBB RMT pathway. This review describes the re-engineering of all 3 classes of biologics (neurotrophins, decoy receptor, therapeutic antibodies) for BBB delivery and treatment of PD. Targeting the RMT pathway at the BBB also enables non-viral gene therapy of PD using lipid nanoparticles (LNP) encapsulated with plasmid DNA encoding therapeutic genes. The surface of the lipid nanoparticle is conjugated with a receptor-specific IgG that triggers RMT of the LNP across the BBB in vivo.
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Huo WB, Jia PP, Li WG, Xie XY, Yang G, Pei DS. Sulfonamides (SAs) exposure causes neurobehavioral toxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations (ERCs) in early development of zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106614. [PMID: 37390778 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics, due to their stability and persistence in the environment, can have chronic impacts on various ecosystems and organisms. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying antibiotic toxicity at environmental concentrations, particularly the neurotoxic effects of sulfonamides (SAs), remain poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the neurotoxicity of six SAs including the sulfadiazine (SD), sulfathiazole (ST), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfisoxazole (SIZ), sulfapyridine (SPD), and sulfadimethoxine (SDM) by exposing zebrafish to environmentally relevant concentrations (ERCs). The SAs exhibited concentration-dependent effects on zebrafish behavior, including spontaneous movement, heartbeat, survival rate, and body metrics, ultimately leading to depressive-like symptoms and sublethal toxicity during early life stages. Notably, even the lowest SA concentration (0.05 μg/L) induced neurotoxicity and behavioral impairment in zebrafish. We observed a dose-dependent increase in melancholy behavior as indicated by increased resting time and decreased motor activity in zebrafish larvae. Following exposure to SAs from 4 to 120 h post-fertilization (hpf), key genes involved in folate synthesis [sepiapterin reductase a (spra), phenylalanine hydroxylase (pah), tyrosine hydroxylase (th), and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (tryptophan 5-monooxygenase) a tryptophan hydroxylase (tph1a)] and carbonic anhydrase (CA) metabolism [carbonic anhydrase II (ca2), carbonic anhydrase IV a (ca4a), carbonic anhydrase VII (ca7), and carbonic anhydrase XIV (ca14)] were significantly downregulated or inhibited at different concentrations. Our findings demonstrate that acute exposure to six SAs at environmentally relevant concentrations induces developmental and neurotoxic effects in zebrafish, impacting folate synthesis pathways and CA metabolism. These results provide valuable insights into the potential role of antibiotics in depressive disorders and neuroregulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Huo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Pan-Pan Jia
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei-Guo Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guan Yang
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Gottschalk CG, Whelan R, Peterson D, Roy A. Detection of Elevated Level of Tetrahydrobiopterin in Serum Samples of ME/CFS Patients with Orthostatic Intolerance: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108713. [PMID: 37240059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a multisystem chronic illness characterized by severe muscle fatigue, pain, dizziness, and brain fog. Many patients with ME/CFS experience orthostatic intolerance (OI), which is characterized by frequent dizziness, light-headedness, and feeling faint while maintaining an upright posture. Despite intense investigation, the molecular mechanism of this debilitating condition is still unknown. OI is often manifested by cardiovascular alterations, such as reduced cerebral blood flow, reduced blood pressure, and diminished heart rate. The bioavailability of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzyme, is tightly coupled with cardiovascular health and circulation. To explore the role of BH4 in ME/CFS, serum samples of CFS patients (n = 32), CFS patients with OI only (n = 10; CFS + OI), and CFS patients with both OI and small fiber polyneuropathy (n = 12; CFS + OI + SFN) were subjected to BH4 ELISA. Interestingly, our results revealed that the BH4 expression is significantly high in CFS, CFS + OI, and CFS + OI + SFN patients compared to age-/gender-matched controls. Finally, a ROS production assay in cultured microglial cells followed by Pearson correlation statistics indicated that the elevated BH4 in serum samples of CFS + OI patients might be associated with the oxidative stress response. These findings suggest that the regulation of BH4 metabolism could be a promising target for understanding the molecular mechanism of CFS and CFS with OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Gunnar Gottschalk
- Simmaron Research Institute, 948 Incline Way, Incline Village, NV 89451, USA
- Simmaron Research and Development Laboratory, Chemistry Building, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N Cramer Street, Suite # 214, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Ryan Whelan
- Simmaron Research Institute, 948 Incline Way, Incline Village, NV 89451, USA
| | - Daniel Peterson
- Simmaron Research Institute, 948 Incline Way, Incline Village, NV 89451, USA
- Sierra Internal Medicine, 920 Incline Way, Incline Village, NV 89451, USA
| | - Avik Roy
- Simmaron Research Institute, 948 Incline Way, Incline Village, NV 89451, USA
- Simmaron Research and Development Laboratory, Chemistry Building, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N Cramer Street, Suite # 214, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
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Zhang J, Tian C, Zhu K, Liu Y, Zhao C, Jiang M, Zhu C, Li G. Effects of Natural and Synthetic Astaxanthin on Growth, Body Color, and Transcriptome and Metabolome Profiles in the Leopard Coral Grouper (Plectropomus leopardus). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071252. [PMID: 37048508 PMCID: PMC10093260 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural and synthetic astaxanthin can promote pigmentation in fish. In this study, the effects of dietary astaxanthin on growth and pigmentation were evaluated in leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus). Fish were assigned to three groups: 0% astaxanthin (C), 0.02% natural astaxanthin (HP), and 0.02% synthetic astaxanthin (AS). Brightness (L*) was not influenced by astaxanthin. However, redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) were significantly higher for fish fed astaxanthin-containing diets than fish fed control diets and were significantly higher in the HP group than in the AS group. In a transcriptome analysis, 466, 33, and 32 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between C and HP, C and AS, and AS and HP, including various pigmentation-related genes. DEGs were enriched for carotenoid deposition and other pathways related to skin color. A metabolome analysis revealed 377, 249, and 179 differential metabolites (DMs) between C and HP, C and AS, and AS and HP, respectively. In conclusion, natural astaxanthin has a better coloration effect on P. leopardus, which is more suitable as a red colorant in aquaculture. These results improve our understanding of the effects of natural and synthetic astaxanthin on red color formation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Zhang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Changxu Tian
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Kecheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Can Zhao
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Mouyan Jiang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Guangli Li
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Suganuma Y, Sumi-Ichinose C, Kano T, Ikemoto K, Matsui T, Ichinose H, Kondo K. Quinonoid dihydropteridine reductase, a tetrahydrobiopterin-recycling enzyme, contributes to 5-hydroxytryptamine-associated platelet aggregation in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 150:173-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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9
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Vasquez-Vivar J, Shi Z, Tan S. Tetrahydrobiopterin in Cell Function and Death Mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:171-183. [PMID: 34806400 PMCID: PMC9293684 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is most well known as a required cofactor for enzymes regulating cellular redox homeostasis, aromatic amino acid metabolism, and neurotransmitter synthesis. Less well known are the effects dependent on the cofactor's availability, factors governing its synthesis and recycling, redox implications of the cofactor itself, and protein-protein interactions that underlie cell death. This review provides an understanding of the recent advances implicating BH4 in the mechanisms of cell death and suggestions of possible therapeutic interventions. Recent Advances: The levels of BH4 often reflect the sum of synthetic and recycling enzyme activities. Enhanced expression of GTP cyclohydrolase, the rate-limiting enzyme in biosynthesis, increases BH4, leading to improved cell function and survival. Pharmacologically increasing BH4 levels has similar beneficial effects, leading to enhanced production of neurotransmitters and nitric oxide or reducing oxidant levels. The GTP cyclohydrolase-BH4 pairing has been implicated in a type of cell death, ferroptosis. At the cellular level, BH4 counteracts anticancer therapies directed to enhance ferroptosis via glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity inhibition. Critical Issues: Because of the multitude of intertwined mechanisms, a clear relationship between BH4 and cell death is not well understood yet. The possibility that the cofactor directly influences cell viability has not been excluded in previous studies when modulating BH4-producing enzymes. Future Directions: The importance of cellular BH4 variations and BH4 biosynthetic enzymes to cell function and viability makes it essential to better characterize temporal changes, cofactor activity, and the influence on redox status, which in turn would help develop novel therapies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 171-183.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar
- Redox Biology Program, Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zhongjie Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sidhartha Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University and Central Michigan University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Peridontitis as a Risk Factor for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Possible Neuro-inflammatory Mechanisms. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2925-2935. [PMID: 35764847 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a condition caused mostly by the creation of a biofilm by the bacterium P. gingivalis, which releases toxins and damages the tooth structure. Recent research studies have reported association between dental health and neuropsychiatric illnesses. Neuroinflammation triggered by the first systemic inflammation caused by the bacterium present in the oral cavities is a plausible explanation for such a relationship. Substantial amount of evidence supports the role of neuroinflammation and dysfunction of the dopaminergic system in the pathology of ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders). Recent epidemiological, microbiological and inflammatory findings strengthen that, periodontal bacteria, which cause systemic inflammation can contribute to neuroinflammation and finally ADHD. Although both diseases are characterized by inflammation, the specific pathways and crosslink's between periodontitis and ADHD remain unknown. Here, the authors describe the inflammatory elements of periodontitis, how this dental illness causes systemic inflammation, and how this systemic inflammation contributes to deteriorating neuroinflammation in the evolution of ADHD. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present possible links and mechanisms that could confirm the evidence of this association.
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11
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Zhou C, Wu Q, Ye Z, Liu M, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Li H, He P, Li Q, Liu C, Qin X. Inverse Association Between Variety of Proteins With Appropriate Quantity From Different Food Sources and New-Onset Hypertension. Hypertension 2022; 79:1017-1027. [PMID: 35264000 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The relationships of the variety and quantity of different sources of dietary proteins with hypertension remain uncertain. We aimed to investigate associations between the variety and quantity of proteins intake from 8 major food sources and new-onset hypertension among 12 177 participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. The variety score of protein sources was defined as the number of protein sources consumed at the appropriate level, accounting for types and quantity of proteins. New-onset hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or physician-diagnosed hypertension or receiving antihypertensive treatment, during the follow-up. During a median follow-up of 6.1 years, there were U-shaped associations of percentages energy from total, unprocessed or processed red meat-derived, whole grain-derived, and poultry-derived proteins with new-onset hypertension; an reverse J-shaped association of fish-derived protein with new-onset hypertension; L-shaped associations of eggs-derived and legumes-derived proteins with new-onset hypertension; and an reverse L-shaped association of refined grain-derived protein with new-onset hypertension (all P values for nonlinearity <0.001). That is, for each protein, there is a window of consumption (appropriate level) where the risk of hypertension is lower. Moreover, a significantly lower risk of new-onset hypertension was found in those with higher variety score of protein sources (per score increment, hazard ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.72-0.76]). In summary, there was an inverse association between the variety of proteins with appropriate quantity from different food sources and new-onset hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (C.Z., Q.W., Z.Y., M.L., Z.Z., Y.Z., H.L., P.H., Q.L., C.L., X.Q.)
| | - Qimeng Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (C.Z., Q.W., Z.Y., M.L., Z.Z., Y.Z., H.L., P.H., Q.L., C.L., X.Q.)
| | - Ziliang Ye
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (C.Z., Q.W., Z.Y., M.L., Z.Z., Y.Z., H.L., P.H., Q.L., C.L., X.Q.)
| | - Mengyi Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (C.Z., Q.W., Z.Y., M.L., Z.Z., Y.Z., H.L., P.H., Q.L., C.L., X.Q.)
| | - Zhuxian Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (C.Z., Q.W., Z.Y., M.L., Z.Z., Y.Z., H.L., P.H., Q.L., C.L., X.Q.)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (C.Z., Q.W., Z.Y., M.L., Z.Z., Y.Z., H.L., P.H., Q.L., C.L., X.Q.)
| | - Huan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (C.Z., Q.W., Z.Y., M.L., Z.Z., Y.Z., H.L., P.H., Q.L., C.L., X.Q.)
| | - Panpan He
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (C.Z., Q.W., Z.Y., M.L., Z.Z., Y.Z., H.L., P.H., Q.L., C.L., X.Q.)
| | - Qinqin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (C.Z., Q.W., Z.Y., M.L., Z.Z., Y.Z., H.L., P.H., Q.L., C.L., X.Q.).,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Q.L., C.L., X.Q.), Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Biomedicine (Q.L., C.L., X.Q.), Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chengzhang Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (C.Z., Q.W., Z.Y., M.L., Z.Z., Y.Z., H.L., P.H., Q.L., C.L., X.Q.).,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Q.L., C.L., X.Q.), Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Biomedicine (Q.L., C.L., X.Q.), Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (C.Z., Q.W., Z.Y., M.L., Z.Z., Y.Z., H.L., P.H., Q.L., C.L., X.Q.).,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Q.L., C.L., X.Q.), Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Biomedicine (Q.L., C.L., X.Q.), Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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12
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Fanet H, Tournissac M, Leclerc M, Caron V, Tremblay C, Vancassel S, Calon F. Tetrahydrobiopterin Improves Recognition Memory in the Triple-Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease, Without Altering Amyloid-β and Tau Pathologies. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:709-727. [PMID: 33337360 PMCID: PMC7902975 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease, implying that multi-target treatments may be necessary to effectively cure AD. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an enzymatic cofactor required for the synthesis of monoamines and nitric oxide that also exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite its crucial role in the CNS, the potential of BH4 as a treatment in AD has never been scrutinized. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated whether BH4 peripheral administration improves cognitive symptoms and AD neuropathology in the triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD), a model of age-related tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) neuropathologies associated with behavior impairment. METHODS Non-transgenic (NonTg) and 3xTg-AD mice were subjected to a control diet (5% fat - CD) or to a high-fat diet (35% fat - HFD) from 6 to 13 months to exacerbate metabolic disorders. Then, mice received either BH4 (15 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or vehicle for ten consecutive days. RESULTS This sub-chronic administration of BH4 rescued memory impairment in 13-month-old 3xTg-AD mice, as determined using the novel object recognition test. Moreover, the HFD-induced glucose intolerance was completely reversed by the BH4 treatment in 3xTg-AD mice. However, the HFD or BH4 treatment had no significant impact on Aβ and tau neuropathologies. CONCLUSION Overall, our data suggest a potential benefit from BH4 administration against AD cognitive and metabolic deficits accentuated by HFD consumption in 3xTg-AD mice, without altering classical neuropathology. Therefore, BH4 should be considered as a candidate for drug repurposing, at least in subtypes of cognitively impaired patients experiencing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortense Fanet
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
| | - Marine Tournissac
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Vicky Caron
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Vancassel
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
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13
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Poggiogalle E, Fontana M, Giusti AM, Pinto A, Iannucci G, Lenzi A, Donini LM. Amino Acids and Hypertension in Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071459. [PMID: 31252583 PMCID: PMC6683075 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a potential role of dietary protein among nutritional factors interfering with the regulation of blood pressure. Dietary protein source (plant versus animal protein), and especially, protein composition in terms of amino acids has been postulated to interfere with mechanisms underlying the development of hypertension. Recently, mounting interest has been directed at amino acids in hypertension focusing on habitual dietary intake and their circulating levels regardless of single amino acid dietary supplementation. The aim of the present review was to summarize epidemiological evidence concerning the connection between amino acids and hypertension. Due to the large variability in methodologies used for assessing amino acid levels and heterogeneity in the results obtained, it was not possible to draw robust conclusions. Indeed, some classes of amino acids or individual amino acids showed non-causative association with blood pressure as well as the incidence of hypertension, but the evidence was far from being conclusive. Further research should be prompted for a thorough understanding of amino acid effects and synergistic actions of different amino acid classes on blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Poggiogalle
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mario Fontana
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli"; Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pinto
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gino Iannucci
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maria Donini
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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14
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Zong L, Xing J, Liu S, Liu Z, Song F. Cell metabolomics reveals the neurotoxicity mechanism of cadmium in PC12 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:26-33. [PMID: 28822947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) can induce neurotoxicity. Extensive studies about the effects of Cd on human health have been reported, however, a systematic investigation on the molecular mechanisms of the effects of Cd on central nervous system is still needed. In this paper, the neuronal PC-12 cells were treated with a series of concentrations of CdCl2 for 48h. Then the cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The IC15 value (15% inhibiting concentration) was selected for further mechanism studies. After PC-12 cells incubated with CdCl2 at a dose of IC15 for 48h, the intracellular and extracellular metabolites were profiled using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)-based cell metabolomics approach. As found, the effects of the heavy metal Cd produced on the PC-12 cell viability were dose-dependent. The metabolic changes were involved in the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, biopterin metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and fatty acids beta-oxidation. These could cause the perturbation of cell membrane, redox balance, energy supply, cellular detoxification, further affecting the cellular proliferation and apoptosis and other cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zong
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Junpeng Xing
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
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15
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Teymoori F, Asghari G, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. High dietary intake of aromatic amino acids increases risk of hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:25-33. [PMID: 29208471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies investigated the relation between amino acids and blood pressure. Our aim was to examine the association between intake of aromatic amino acids (AAAs) and risk of hypertension. A total of 4288 individuals, aged 20-70 years, participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, who were free of hypertension at baseline (2008-2011), were followed for 3 years (2011-2014). Average intakes of AAAs including phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan were collected using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to report odds ratio (OR) of hypertension across quartiles of AAAs. At the end of follow-up, 429 (10%) hypertension cases were ascertained. The adjusted OR of hypertension for percentage of AAAs from total protein intakes was 1.63 (95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.50; P for trend: .03) when comparing the highest quartile to the lowest. Furthermore, in the adjusted analyses, a statistically significant positive relationship was observed between the highest versus the lowest quartile intake of phenylalanine (OR = 1.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-2.47; P for trend: .03). However, there was no significant association of tyrosine and tryptophan intakes with hypertension risk. Our data suggest that AAAs may increase the risk of incident hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Teymoori
- Students Research Committee, Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golaleh Asghari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Williams M, Zhang Z, Nance E, Drewes JL, Lesniak WG, Singh S, Chugani DC, Rangaramanujam K, Graham DR, Kannan S. Maternal Inflammation Results in Altered Tryptophan Metabolism in Rabbit Placenta and Fetal Brain. Dev Neurosci 2017; 39:399-412. [PMID: 28490020 DOI: 10.1159/000471509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal inflammation has been linked to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders such as cerebral palsy, schizophrenia, and autism. We had previously shown that intrauterine inflammation resulted in a decrease in serotonin, one of the tryptophan metabolites, and a decrease in serotonin fibers in the sensory cortex of newborns in a rabbit model of cerebral palsy. In this study, we hypothesized that maternal inflammation results in alterations in tryptophan pathway enzymes and metabolites in the placenta and fetal brain. We found that intrauterine endotoxin administration at gestational day 28 (G28) resulted in a significant upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in both the placenta and fetal brain at G29 (24 h after treatment). This endotoxin-mediated IDO induction was also associated with intense microglial activation, an increase in interferon gamma expression, and increases in kynurenine and the kynurenine pathway metabolites kynurenine acid and quinolinic acid, as well as a significant decrease in 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (a precursor of serotonin) levels in the periventricular region of the fetal brain. These results indicate that maternal inflammation shunts tryptophan metabolism away from the serotonin to the kynurenine pathway, which may lead to excitotoxic injury along with impaired development of serotonin-mediated thalamocortical fibers in the newborn brain. These findings provide new targets for prevention and treatment of maternal inflammation-induced fetal and neonatal brain injury leading to neurodevelopmental disorders such as cerebral palsy and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Williams
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University SOM, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Jones L, Goode L, Davila E, Brown A, McCarthy DM, Sharma N, Bhide PG, Armata IA. Translational effects and coding potential of an upstream open reading frame associated with DOPA Responsive Dystonia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1171-1182. [PMID: 28366877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) have emerged as major post-transcriptional regulatory elements in eukaryotic species. In general, uORFs are initiated by a translation start codon within the 5' untranslated region of a gene (upstream ATG; uATG), and they are negatively correlated with translational efficiency. In addition to their translational regulatory role, some uORFs can code for biologically active short peptides. The importance of uATGs/uORFs is further underscored by human diseases associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which disrupt existing uORFs or introduce novel uORFs. Although several functional proteins translated from naturally occurring uORFs have been described, the coding potential of uORFs created by SNPs has been ignored because of the a priori assumption that these proteins are short-lived with no likely impact on protein homeostasis. Thus, studies on SNP-created uORFs are limited to their translational effects, leaving unexplored the potential cellular consequences of a SNP/uORF-encoded protein. Here, we investigate functionality of a uATG/uORF introduced by a +142C>T SNP within the GCH1 gene and associated with a familial form of DOPA Responsive Dystonia. We report that the +142C>T SNP represses GCH1 translation, and introduces a short, frame shifted uORF that encodes a 73-amino acid peptide. This peptide is localized within the nucleus and compromises cell viability upon proteasome inhibition. Our work extends the list of uATG/uORF associated diseases and advances research on peptides translated from SNP-introduced uORFs, a neglected component of the proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lataisia Jones
- Center for Brain Repair and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Lacy Goode
- Center for Brain Repair and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Eduardo Davila
- Center for Brain Repair and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Amber Brown
- Center for Brain Repair and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Deirdre M McCarthy
- Center for Brain Repair and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Nutan Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Pradeep G Bhide
- Center for Brain Repair and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA.
| | - Ioanna A Armata
- Center for Brain Repair and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA.
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18
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Xu F, Sudo Y, Sanechika S, Yamashita J, Shimaguchi S, Honda SI, Sumi-Ichinose C, Mori-Kojima M, Nakata R, Furuta T, Sakurai M, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Kondo K, Ichinose H. Disturbed biopterin and folate metabolism in the Qdpr-deficient mouse. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:3924-31. [PMID: 25240194 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Quinonoid dihydropteridine reductase (QDPR) catalyzes the regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a cofactor for monoamine synthesis, phenylalanine hydroxylation and nitric oxide production. Here, we produced and analyzed a transgenic Qdpr(-/-) mouse model. Unexpectedly, the BH4 contents in the Qdpr(-/-) mice were not decreased and even increased in some tissues, whereas those of the oxidized form dihydrobiopterin (BH2) were significantly increased. We demonstrated that unlike the wild-type mice, dihydrofolate reductase regenerated BH4 from BH2 in the mutants. Furthermore, we revealed wide alterations in folate-associated metabolism in the Qdpr(-/-) mice, which suggests an interconnection between folate and biopterin metabolism in the transgenic mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sudo
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Sho Sanechika
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Junpei Yamashita
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Sho Shimaguchi
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shun-ichiro Honda
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Chiho Sumi-Ichinose
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masayo Mori-Kojima
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Rieko Nakata
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Tadaomi Furuta
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Sakurai
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Kazunao Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
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19
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Yu L, Vásquez-Vivar J, Jiang R, Luo K, Derrick M, Tan S. Developmental susceptibility of neurons to transient tetrahydrobiopterin insufficiency and antenatal hypoxia-ischemia in fetal rabbits. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:426-36. [PMID: 24316196 PMCID: PMC3945116 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is important for normal brain development as congenital BH4 deficiencies manifest movement disorders at various childhood ages. BH4 transitions from very low levels in fetal brains to higher "adult" levels postnatally, with the highest levels in the thalamus. Maternal supplementation with the BH4 precursor sepiapterin reduces postnatal motor deficits and perinatal deaths after 40-min fetal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) at 70% gestation, suggesting that brain BH4 is important in improving function after HI. We tested the hypothesis that the intrinsically low concentrations of BH4 made fetal neurons vulnerable to added insults. Brains were obtained from naïve fetal rabbits or after 40-min HI, at 70% (E22) and 92% gestation (E29). Neuronal cultures were prepared from basal ganglia, cortex, and thalamus, regions with different intrinsic levels of BH4. Cultures were grown with or without added BH4 for 48h. Cell survival and mitochondrial function were determined by flow cytometry. At E22, thalamic cells had the lowest survival rate in a BH4-free milieu, in both control and HI groups, whereas BH4 supplementation ex vivo increased neuronal survival only in HI cells. Neuronal survival was similar in all regions without BH4 at E29. BH4 supplementation increased cell survival and cells with intact mitochondrial membrane potential, from basal ganglia and cortex, but not thalamus. After E29 HI, however, the benefit of BH4 was limited to cortical neurons. We conclude that BH4 is important for fetal neuronal survival after HI especially in the premature thalamus. Supplementation of BH4 has a greater benefit at an earlier gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201
| | - Jeannette Vásquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center & Redox Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee WI 53226
| | - Rugang Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201
| | - Kehuan Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201
| | - Matthew Derrick
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201
| | - Sidhartha Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201
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Tsang KM, Croen LA, Torres AR, Kharrazi M, Delorenze GN, Windham GC, Yoshida CK, Zerbo O, Weiss LA. A genome-wide survey of transgenerational genetic effects in autism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76978. [PMID: 24204716 PMCID: PMC3811986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of parental genotype or parent-offspring genetic interaction are well established in model organisms for a variety of traits. However, these transgenerational genetic models are rarely studied in humans. We have utilized an autism case-control study with 735 mother-child pairs to perform genome-wide screening for maternal genetic effects and maternal-offspring genetic interaction. We used simple models of single locus parent-child interaction and identified suggestive results (P<10−4) that cannot be explained by main effects, but no genome-wide significant signals. Some of these maternal and maternal-child associations were in or adjacent to autism candidate genes including: PCDH9, FOXP1, GABRB3, NRXN1, RELN, MACROD2, FHIT, RORA, CNTN4, CNTNAP2, FAM135B, LAMA1, NFIA, NLGN4X, RAPGEF4, and SDK1. We attempted validation of potential autism association under maternal-specific models using maternal-paternal comparison in family-based GWAS datasets. Our results suggest that further study of parental genetic effects and parent-child interaction in autism is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Tsang
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Anthony R. Torres
- Center for Persons with Disabilities, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Martin Kharrazi
- Genetic Disease Screening Program, California Department of Health Services, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Gerald N. Delorenze
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Gayle C. Windham
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Disease Control, California Department of Health Services, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Cathleen K. Yoshida
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Ousseny Zerbo
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Lauren A. Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Armata IA, Balaj L, Kuster JK, Zhang X, Tsai S, Armatas AA, Multhaupt-Buell TJ, Soberman R, Breakefield XO, Ichinose H, Sharma N. Dopa-responsive dystonia: functional analysis of single nucleotide substitutions within the 5' untranslated GCH1 region. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76975. [PMID: 24124602 PMCID: PMC3790877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the GCH1 gene are associated with childhood onset, dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD). Correct diagnosis of DRD is crucial, given the potential for complete recovery once treated with L-dopa. The majority of DRD associated mutations lie within the coding region of the GCH1 gene, but three additional single nucleotide sequence substitutions have been reported within the 5’ untranslated (5’UTR) region of the mRNA. The biologic significance of these 5’UTR GCH1 sequence substitutions has not been analyzed. Methodology/Principal Findings Luciferase reporter assays, quantitative real time PCR and RNA decay assays, combined with bioinformatics, revealed a pathogenic 5’UTR GCH1 substitution. The +142C>T single nucleotide 5’UTR substitution that segregates with affected status in DRD patients, substantially attenuates translation without altering RNA expression levels or stability. The +142C>T substitution disrupts translation most likely by creating an upstream initiation start codon (uAUG) and an upstream open reading frame (uORF). Conclusions/Significance This is the first GCH1 regulatory substitution reported to act at a post-transcriptional level, increasing the list of genetic diseases caused by abnormal translation and reaffirming the importance of investigating potential regulatory substitutions in genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna A. Armata
- Department of Neurogenetics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Department of Neurogenetics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John K. Kuster
- Department of Neurogenetics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Neurogenetics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shelun Tsai
- Department of Neurogenetics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Trisha J. Multhaupt-Buell
- Department of Neurogenetics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roy Soberman
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xandra O. Breakefield
- Department of Neurogenetics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nutan Sharma
- Department of Neurogenetics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Kwak SS, Jeong M, Choi JH, Kim D, Min H, Yoon Y, Hwang O, Meadows GG, Joe CO. Amelioration of behavioral abnormalities in BH(4)-deficient mice by dietary supplementation of tyrosine. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60803. [PMID: 23577163 PMCID: PMC3618182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports an amelioration of abnormal motor behaviors in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)-deficient Spr (-/-) mice by the dietary supplementation of tyrosine. Since BH4 is an essential cofactor for the conversion of phenylalanine into tyrosine as well as the synthesis of dopamine neurotransmitter within the central nervous system, the levels of tyrosine and dopamine were severely reduced in brains of BH4-deficient Spr (-/-) mice. We found that Spr (-/-) mice display variable 'open-field' behaviors, impaired motor functions on the 'rotating rod', and dystonic 'hind-limb clasping'. In this study, we report that these aberrant motor deficits displayed by Spr (-/-) mice were ameliorated by the therapeutic tyrosine diet for 10 days. This study also suggests that dopamine deficiency in brains of Spr (-/-) mice may not be the biological feature of aberrant motor behaviors associated with BH4 deficiency. Brain levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites in Spr (-/-) mice were not substantially increased by the dietary tyrosine therapy. However, we found that mTORC1 activity severely suppressed in brains of Spr (-/-) mice fed a normal diet was restored 10 days after feeding the mice the tyrosine diet. The present study proposes that brain mTORC1 signaling pathway is one of the potential targets in understanding abnormal motor behaviors associated with BH4-deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Su Kwak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mikyoung Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Daesoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyesun Min
- Department of Food and Nutrition, HanNam University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yoosik Yoon
- College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Onyou Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gary G. Meadows
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Cheol O. Joe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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Lee KS, Lee JK, Kim HG, Kim HR. Differential Effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine on Motor Behavior and Dopamine Levels at Brain Regions in Three Different Mouse Strains. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 17:89-97. [PMID: 23440908 PMCID: PMC3579110 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Developing an animal model for a specific disease is very important in the understanding of the underlying mechanism of the disease and allows testing of newly developed new drugs before human application. However, which of the plethora of experimental animal species to use in model development can be perplexing. Administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a very well known method to induce the symptoms of Parkinson's disease in mice. But, there is very limited information about the different sensitivities to MPTP among mouse strains. Here, we tested three different mouse strains (C57BL/6, Balb-C, and ICR) as a Parkinsonian model by repeated MPTP injections. In addition to behavioral analysis, endogenous levels of dopamine and tetrahydrobiopterin in mice brain regions, such as striatum, substantia nigra, and hippocampus were directly quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Repeated administrations of MPTP significantly affected the moving distances and rearing frequencies in all three mouse strains. The endogenous dopamine concentrations and expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase were significantly decreased after the repeated injections, but tetrahydrobiopterin did not change in analyzed brain regions. However, susceptibilities of the mice to MPTP were differed based on the degree of behavioral change, dopamine concentration in brain regions, and expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, with C57BL/6 and Balb-C mice being more sensitive to the dopaminergic neuronal toxicity of MPTP than ICR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Sung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
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Fukuda S, Horiguchi M, Yamaguti K, Nakatomi Y, Kuratsune H, Ichinose H, Watanabe Y. Association of monoamine-synthesizing genes with the depression tendency and personality in chronic fatigue syndrome patients. Life Sci 2013; 92:183-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Schnetz-Boutaud NC, Anderson BM, Brown KD, Wright HH, Abramson RK, Cuccaro ML, Gilbert JR, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL. Examination of tetrahydrobiopterin pathway genes in autism. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2009; 8:753-7. [PMID: 19674121 PMCID: PMC2784255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2009.00521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a complex disorder with a high degree of heritability and significant phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. Although candidate gene studies and genome-wide screens have failed to identify major causal loci associated with autism, numerous studies have proposed association with several variations in genes in the dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways. Because tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is the essential cofactor in the synthesis of these two neurotransmitters, we genotyped 25 SNPs in nine genes of the BH4 pathway in a total of 403 families. Significant nominal association was detected in the gene for 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase, PTS (chromosome 11), with P = 0.009; this result was not restricted to an affected male-only subset. Multilocus interaction was detected in the BH4 pathway alone, but not across the serotonin, dopamine and BH4 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Schnetz-Boutaud
- Center for Human Genetics Research and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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